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Shin YY, Seo Y, Oh SJ, Ahn JS, Song MH, Kang MJ, Oh JM, Lee D, Kim YH, Sung ES, Kim HS. Melatonin and verteporfin synergistically suppress the growth and stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12779. [PMID: 34826168 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has continued to rise for decades. However, drug resistance to chemotherapeutics and relapse, mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs), remains a significant impediment in clinical oncology to achieve successful treatment. Therefore, we focused on analyzing CSCs in HNSCC and demonstrated the effect of melatonin (Mel) and verteporfin (VP) on SCC-25 cells. HNSCC CSCs were enriched in the reactive oxygen species-low state and in sphere-forming cultures. Combination treatment with Mel and VP decreased HNSCC viability and increased apoptosis without causing significant damage to normal cells. Sphere-forming ability and stem cell population were reduced by co-treatment with Mel and VP, while mitochondrial ROS level was increased by the treatment. Furthermore, the expression of mitophagy markers, parkin and PINK1, was significantly decreased in the co-treated cells. Mel and VP induced mitochondrial depolarization and inhibited mitochondrial function. Parkin/TOM20 was localized near the nucleus and formed clusters of mitochondria in the cells after treatment. Moreover, Mel and VP downregulated the expression of markers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The migration capacity of cells was significantly decreased by co-treatment with Mel and VP, accompanied by the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that co-treatment with Mel and VP induces mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in the apoptosis of CSCs. Mel and VP could thus be further investigated as potential therapies for HNSCC through their action on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Young Shin
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yoojin Seo
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Ahn
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Min-Hye Song
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eui-Suk Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Song H, Won JE, Lee J, Han HD, Lee Y. Korean red ginseng attenuates Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced inflammatory response in endometrial cancer cells and an endometriosis mouse model. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:592-600. [PMID: 35818422 PMCID: PMC9270657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most common endocrine disrupting chemical used as a plasticizer. DEHP is associated with the development of endometrium-related diseases through the induction of inflammation. The major therapeutic approaches against endometrial cancer and endometriosis involve the suppression of inflammatory response. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a natural product with anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of KRG on DEHP-induced inflammatory response in endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells and a mouse model of endometriosis. Methods RNA-sequencing was performed and analyzed on DEHP-treated Ishikawa cells in the presence and absence of KRG. The effects of KRG on DEHP-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels in Ishikawa cells were determined by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the effects of KRG on the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) pathway, COX-2, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 after DEHP treatment of Ishikawa cells were evaluated by western blotting. In the mouse model, the severity of endometriosis induced by DEHP and changes in immunohistochemistry were used to assess the protective effect of KRG. Results According to the RNA-sequencing data, DEHP-induced inflammatory response-related gene expression was downregulated by KRG. Moreover, KRG significantly inhibited DEHP-induced ERK1/2/NF-κB/COX-2 levels in Ishikawa cells. In the mouse model, KRG administration significantly inhibited ectopic endometriosis growth after DEHP-induced endometriosis. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that KRG may be a promising lead for the treatment of endometrial cancer and endometriosis via suppression of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Song
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Won
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonggeun Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungwondae-Ro, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
| | - YoungJoo Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Kwang-Jin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bian Y, Yuan L, Yang X, Weng L, Zhang Y, Bai H, Chen J. SMURF1-mediated ubiquitylation of SHP-1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:362. [PMID: 33842583 PMCID: PMC8033391 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a widespread benign gynecological disorder. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis through regulating proliferation and invasion of endometrial stromal cells. Furthermore, the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), negatively regulates STAT3 activation. However, regulation of the SHP-1-STAT3 pathway in the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unclear. Methods Cell proliferation and invasion were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell analysis, respectively, to investigate the role and regulation of the SHP-1-STAT3 pathway in the proliferation and invasion of endometrial stromal cells. Expression of Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1), SHP-1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, STAT3, and phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) level in patients with endometriosis were measured by Western blotting and/or immunohistochemical staining. The interaction between SMURF1 and SHP-1 was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitylation analysis. Results The present study demonstrated that downregulation of SHP-1 expression in patients with endometriosis was negatively correlated with SMURF1 expression. SMURF1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, activated the STAT3 pathway via ubiquitylation and degradation of SHP-1. Furthermore, SMURF1 promoted cell proliferation and invasion of endometrial stromal cells by activating STAT3 signaling and expression of its downstream targets, MMP2 and MMP9, whereas SHP-1 demonstrated an inverse effect. Additionally, SHP-1 inhibited SMURF1-mediated cell invasion and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that SMURF1-mediated ubiquitylation of SHP-1 regulates endometrial stromal cell proliferation and invasion during endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Bian
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yuan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichun Weng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Bai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Kaiyuan People's Hospital, Kaiyuan, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Modulation of tumor stem cell characteristics by 17β-estradiol in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from ovarian endometrioma. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:338-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Kim JH. Analysis of the in vitro effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on human uterine leiomyoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4972-4978. [PMID: 29805520 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor type of the female reproductive tract. Despite its high prevalence, the exact pathogenesis of the benign tumor remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the proliferation and apoptosis rates and expression of inflammatory proteins in human leiomyoma cells were evaluated. The effects of DEHP on cell viability were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects on apoptosis were evaluated by western blotting, TUNEL assay and Annexin V staining. Western blotting was also performed to evaluate the expression of inflammatory proteins. It was observed that DEHP-treated leiomyoma cells had higher viability, as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression, and lower apoptosis rates compared with the untreated controls. Additionally, hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression increased in human leiomyoma cells following DEHP treatment. In conclusion, DEHP promoted cell viability and anti-apoptotic protein expression and induced HIF-1α and COX-2 expression in human leiomyoma cells. These results suggested that DEHP may disrupt mechanisms underlying various processes in human leiomyoma cells. Furthermore, the current study revealed a basic mechanism of action of DEHP in human leiomyoma cells. Further research on the effects of various endocrine disruptors on the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma during early development may reveal strategies to prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
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Bernardo MM, Dzinic SH, Matta MJ, Dean I, Saker L, Sheng S. The Opportunity of Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer With Context-Sensitive Tumor Suppressor Maspin. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1639-1647. [PMID: 28262971 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To improve the precision of molecular diagnosis and to develop and guide targeted therapies of breast cancer, it is essential to determine the mechanisms that underlie the specific tumor phenotypes. To this end, the application of a snapshot of gene expression profile for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis is fundamentally challenged since the tissue-based data are derived from heterogonous cell types and are not likely to reflect the dynamics of context-dependent tumor progression and drug sensitivity. The intricate network of epithelial differentiation program can be concertedly controlled by tumor suppressor maspin, a homologue of clade B serine protease inhibitors (serpin), through its multifaceted molecular interactions in multiple subcellular localizations. Unlike most other serpins that are expressed in multiple cell types, maspin is epithelial specific and has distinct roles in luminal and myoepithelial cells. Endogenously expressed maspin has been found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and detected on the surface of cell membrane. It is also secreted free and as an exosomal cargo protein. Research in the field has led to the identification of the maspin targets and maspin-associated molecules, as well as the structural determinants of its suppressive functions. The current review discusses the possibility for maspin to serve as a cell type-specific and context-sensitive marker to improve the precision of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These advancements further suggest a new window of opportunity for designing novel maspin-based chemotherapeutic agents with improved anti-cancer potency. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1639-1647, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M Bernardo
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Sijana H Dzinic
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Maria J Matta
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Ivory Dean
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Lina Saker
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Shijie Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
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Bisphenol A-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition is mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulation in human endometrial carcinoma cells. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58:229-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wang KH, Kao AP, Chang CC, Lin TC, Kuo TC. Upregulation of Nanog and Sox-2 genes following ectopic expression of Oct-4 in amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:591-7. [PMID: 25385323 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), an important gene regulating stem cell pluripotency, is well-known for its ability to reprogram somatic cells in vitro, either alone or in concert with other factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ectopic expression of Oct human amniotic fluid stem cells. We developed a novel method for isolation of putative human amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stem cells. These cells showing mesenchymal stem cell phenotypes (human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells, hAFMSCs) were transfected with a plasmid carrying genes for Oct-4 and the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The stably transfected cells, hAFMSCs-Oct4/GFP, were selected by using G418 and found to express the GFP reporter gene under the control of Oct-4 promoter. We found that hAFMSCs developed by our method possess very high self-renewal ability (about 78 cumulative population doublings) and multilineage differentiation potency. Significantly, the hAFMSCs-Oct4/GFP cells showed enhanced expression of the three major pluripotency genes Oct-4, Nanog, and Sox-2, and increased colony-forming ability and growth rate compared with the parental hAFMSCs. We demonstrated that the ectopic expression of Oct-4 gene in hAFMSCs with high self-renewal ability could upregulate Nanog and Sox-2 gene expression and enhance cell growth rate and colony-forming efficiency. Therefore, the ectopic expression of Oct-4 could be a strategy to develop pluripotency in hAFMSCs for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - An-Pei Kao
- Department of Research and Development, NeoAsia, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chang
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ta-Chin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wang KH, Kao AP, Chang CC, Lin TC, Kuo TC. Bisphenol A at environmentally relevant doses induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression and promotes invasion of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from uterine myoma tissue. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 52:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Lee TTY, Tsai CF, Hsieh TH, Chen JJJ, Wang YC, Kao MC, Wu RM, Singh S, Tsai EM, Lee JN. Ectopic pregnancy-derived human trophoblastic stem cells regenerate dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway to treat parkinsonian rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52491. [PMID: 23285066 PMCID: PMC3528662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell therapy is a potential strategy to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, several practical limitations remain. As such, finding the appropriate stem cell remains the primary issue in regenerative medicine today. We isolated a pre-placental pluripotent stem cell from the chorionic villi of women with early tubal ectopic pregnancies. Our objectives in this study were (i) to identify the characteristics of hTS cells as a potential cell source for therapy; and (ii) to test if hTS cells can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD. Methods and Findings hTS cells expressed gene markers of both the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). hTS cells exhibited genetic and biological characteristics similar to that of hES cells, yet genetically distinct from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) efficiently induced hTS cells into trophoblast neural stem cells (tNSCs) in 1-day. Overexpression of transcription factor Nanog was possibly achieved through a RA-induced non-genomic c-Src/Stat3/Nanog signaling pathway mediated by the subcellular c-Src mRNA localization for the maintenance of pluripotency in tNSCs. tNSC transplantation into the lesioned striatum of acute and chronic PD rats not only improved behavioral deficits but also regenerated dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway, evidenced by immunofluorescent and immunohistological analyses at 18-weeks. Furthermore, tNSCs showed immunological advantages for the application in regenerative medicine. Conclusions We successfully isolated and characterized the unique ectopic pregnancy-derived hTS cells. hTS cells are pluripotent stem cells that can be efficiently induced to tNSCs with positive results in PD rat models. Our data suggest that the hTS cell is a dynamic stem cell platform that is potentially suitable for use in disease models, drug discovery, and cell therapy such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Tung-Yin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin Jason Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Chun Kao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Meei Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sher Singh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JNL) (ET); (EMT) (JL)
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JNL) (ET); (EMT) (JL)
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Hsieh TH, Tsai CF, Hsu CY, Kuo PL, Hsi E, Suen JL, Hung CH, Lee JN, Chai CY, Wang SC, Tsai EM. n-Butyl benzyl phthalate promotes breast cancer progression by inducing expression of lymphoid enhancer factor 1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42750. [PMID: 22905168 PMCID: PMC3414447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental hormones play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, drug resistance, and breast cancer risk; however, their precise role in human breast cancer cells during cancer progression remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of the most widely used industrial phthalate, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), on cancer progression, we evaluated the results of BBP treatment using a whole human genome cDNA microarray and MetaCore software and selected candidate genes whose expression was changed by more than ten-fold by BBP compared with controls to analyze the signaling pathways in human breast cancer initiating cells (R2d). A total of 473 genes were upregulated, and 468 were downregulated. Most of these genes are involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis signaling. BBP induced the viability, invasion and migration, and tube formation in vitro, and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in vivo of R2d and MCF-7. Furthermore, the viability and invasion and migration of these cell lines following BBP treatment was reduced by transfection with a small interfering RNA targeting the mRNA for lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; notably, the altered expression of this gene consistently differentiated tumors expressing genes involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular impact of the environmental hormone BBP and suggest possible strategies for preventing and treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Wang KH, Kao AP, Lin TC, Chang CC, Kuo TC. Promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor growth by 17β-estradiol in an ER+/HER2+ cell line derived from human breast epithelial stem cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:262-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Human breast stem cells as a toxicological model for endocrine disruptors, such as soy isoflavones. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hsieh TH, Tsai CF, Hsu CY, Kuo PL, Lee JN, Chai CY, Hou MF, Chang CC, Long CY, Ko YC, Tsai EM. Phthalates stimulate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition through an HDAC6-dependent mechanism in human breast epithelial stem cells. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:365-76. [PMID: 22552774 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are environmental hormone-like molecules that are associated with breast cancer risk and are involved in metastasis, a process that requires the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, few studies have addressed the potential effects of phthalates on stem cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that phthalates such as butyl benzyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate induce EMT in R2d cells, a stem cell-derived human breast epithelial cell line that is responsive to estradiol for tumor development. We observed that phthalates induced EMT as evidenced by morphological changes concomitant with increased expression of mesenchymal markers and decreased expression of epithelial markers. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is required for phthalate-induced cell migration and invasion during EMT in vitro and metastasis into the lungs of nude mice. We also constructed a series of mutant HDAC6 promoter fragments and found that the transcription factor AP-2a plays a novel role in regulating the HDAC6 promoter. Furthermore, phthalates stimulated estrogen receptors and triggered the downstream EGFR-PKA signaling cascade, leading to increased expression of AP-2a in the nucleus. We also observed that phthalates increased expression of the PP1/HDAC6 complex and caused Akt activation and GSK3β inactivation, leading to transcriptional activation of vimentin through the β-catenin-TCF-4/LEF1 pathway. Understanding the signaling cascades of phthalates that activate EMT through HDAC6 in breast epithelial stem cells provides the identification of novel therapeutic target for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Comparative study of human eutopic and ectopic endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and the development of an in vivo endometriotic invasion model. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:1308-15.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wang KH, Kao AP, Chang CC, Lee JN, Hou MF, Long CY, Chen HS, Tsai EM. Increasing CD44+/CD24(-) tumor stem cells, and upregulation of COX-2 and HDAC6, as major functions of HER2 in breast tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:288. [PMID: 21044318 PMCID: PMC2989327 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells are believed to arise primarily from stem cells. CD44+/CD24- have been identified as markers for human breast cancer stem cells. Although, HER2 is a well known breast cancer oncogene, the mechanisms of action of this gene are not completely understood. Previously, we have derived immortal (M13SV1), weakly tumorigenic (M13SV1R2) and highly tumorigenic (M13SV1R2N1) cell lines from a breast epithelial cell type with stem cell phenotypes after successive SV40 large T-antigen transfection, X-ray irradiation and ectopic expression of HER2/C-erbB2/neu. Recently, we found that M13SV1R2 cells became non-tumorigenic after growing in a growth factor/hormone-deprived medium (R2d cells). Results In this study, we developed M13SV1R2N1 under the same growth factor/hormone-deprived condition (R2N1d cells). This provides an opportunity to analyze HER2 effect on gene expression associated with tumorigenesis by comparative study of R2d and R2N1d cells with homogeneous genetic background except HER2 expression. The results reveal distinct characters of R2N1d cells that can be ascribed to HER2: 1) development of fast-growing tumors; 2) high frequency of CD44+/CD24- cells (~50% for R2N1d vs. ~10% for R2d); 3) enhanced expression of COX-2, HDAC6 mediated, respectively, by MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, and many genes associated with inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, HER2 expression can be down regulated in non-adhering R2N1d cells. These cells showed longer latent period and lower rate of tumor development compared with adhering cells. Conclusions HER2 may induce breast cancer by increasing the frequency of tumor stem cells and upregulating the expression of COX-2 and HDAC6 that play pivotal roles in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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