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Saito K. Reminiscence of phospholipase B in Penicillium notatum. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2014; 90:333-46. [PMID: 25391318 PMCID: PMC4324925 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.90.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the phospholipase B (PLB) was reported as a deacylase of both lecithin and lysolecithin yielding fatty acids and glycerophosphocholine (GPC), there was a question as to whether it is a single enzyme or a mixture of a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and a lysophospholipase (LPL). We purified the PLB in Penicillium notatum and showed that it catalyzed deacylation of sn-1 and sn-2 fatty acids of 1,2-diacylphospholipids and also sn-1 or sn-2 fatty acids of 1- or 2-monoacylphospholipids (lysophospholipids). Further, it also has a monoacyllipase activity. The purified PLB is a glycoprotein with m.w. of 91,300. The sugar moiety is M9 only and the protein moiety consists of 603 amino acids. PLB, different from PLA2, shows other enzymatic activities, such as transacylase, lipase and acylesterase. PLB activity is influenced by various substances, e.g. detergents, deoxycholate, diethylether, Fe(3+), and endogenous protease. Therefore, PLB might have broader roles than PLA2 in vivo. The database shows an extensive sequence similarity between P. notatum PLB and fungal PLB, cPLA2 and patatin, suggesting a homologous relationship. The catalytic triad of cPLA2, Ser, Asp and Arg, is also present in P. notatum PLB. Other related PLBs, PLB/Lipases are discussed.
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Goñi FM, Montes LR, Alonso A. Phospholipases C and sphingomyelinases: Lipids as substrates and modulators of enzyme activity. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:238-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Broad TE, Dawson RM. Formation of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine from phosphatidylethanolamine in the rumen protozoon Entodinium caudatum (Short Communication). Biochem J 2010; 134:659-62. [PMID: 16742830 PMCID: PMC1177856 DOI: 10.1042/bj1340659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From ;pulse'-labelling experiments of Entodinium caudatum with [(14)C]ethanolamine and by incubating the organism with [(32)P]phosphatidylethanolamine it is concluded that phosphatidylethanolamine can act as a direct precursor of the phosphorylethanolamine moiety of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine. The phosphorylethanolamine is probably never liberated in the free form but is transferred directly to a ceramide or ceramide-containing acceptor. The results are also in agreement with previous conclusions that phosphatidylethanolamine is the direct lipid precursor of N-(1-carboxyethyl)phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Broad
- Department of Biochemistry, Agricultural Research Council Institute of Animal Physiology Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, U.K
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James LK, Augenstein LG. Adsorption of enzymes at interfaces: film formation and the effect on activity. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 28:1-40. [PMID: 5334061 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122730.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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McLaren AD, Packer L. Some aspects of enzyme reactions in heterogeneous systems. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 33:245-308. [PMID: 4916856 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122785.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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KUSHNER DJ. The effect of alcohols on the synthesis of lipase, lecithinase and other enzymes by Bacillus cereus. Biochem J 1998; 75:386-95. [PMID: 14412946 PMCID: PMC1204436 DOI: 10.1042/bj0750386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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HOFMANN AF, BORGSTROM B. Hydrolysis of long-chain monoglycerides in micellar solution by pancreatic lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 70:317-31. [PMID: 13963970 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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BANGHAM AD, DAWSON RM. The physicochemical requirements for the action of Penicillium notatum phospholipase B on unimolecular films of lecithin. Biochem J 1998; 75:133-8. [PMID: 13796431 PMCID: PMC1204339 DOI: 10.1042/bj0750133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
A chronological history is given of the experimental work carried out at The Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Near Cambridge (UK) prior to and after the first description of liposomes in 1965. A convergence of worldwide interest in membrane structure and function coupled with the coexistence of physiologists, biochemists and electron microscopists provided a unique opportunity for the development of a useful model system. As well as defining their properties, such as composition, dimensions, perm-selectivity, permeating pathways and response to solutes (oil and/or water soluble), temperature and pressure, attention is drawn to a number of ideas investigated over the years relating to in vivo 'invisibility' of foreign particles, the trapping of ions in small vesicles the origins of life, to the mechanisms of anaesthesia and formulation of an effective lung surfactant.
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Schmitz B, Klein RA, Egge H, Peter-Katalinic J. A study of the membrane attachment site of the membrane-form variant surface glycoprotein from Trypanosoma brucei brucei using lipid vesicles as a model of the plasma membrane. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1986; 20:191-7. [PMID: 3528849 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(86)90031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of the membrane form and the soluble form of variant surface glycoprotein (mfVSG and sVSG) from Trypanosoma brucei brucei into liposomes has been investigated. It was found that selective incorporation of mfVSG into liposomes was possible in the presence of 8 M urea as a denaturing agent; sVSG, by contrast, was incorporated only poorly into liposomes. After proteolysis of mfVSG incorporated into liposomes, a compound was isolated from the liposomes which carries with it constituents of the glyophospholipid membrane anchor: ethanolamine, di-14:0-diglyceride and phosphatidylinositol were identified by electron impact and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, thus providing direct confirmation of the earlier findings of Holder [Holder, A.A. (1983) Biochem. J. 209, 261-262] and Ferguson et al. [Ferguson, M.A.J., Haldar, K. and Cross, G.A.M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 4963-4968; Ferguson, M.A.J., Low, M.G. and Cross, G.A.M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 14547-14555].
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Camero Diaz RE, Elansari O, Lawrence AJ, Lyall F, McLeod WA. Activation of bee venom phospholipase A2 by oleoyl imidazolide produces a thiol- and proteinase-resistant conformation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 830:52-8. [PMID: 3893547 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Assay methods for bee venom phospholipase A2 are presented which respond to different aspects of enzymic behaviour and which allow basal activity, fatty acid activation and acyl-group activation to be distinguished. The stability of the enzyme to thiols and proteinases is dramatically increased by activation with the selective acylating agent, oleoyl imidazolide. These results support the model of activation by conformation change. Limited-fixation studies indicate that enzyme conformation is determined by interaction with the substrate. The oleoyl-enzyme is partially inactivated by trypsin, but its electrophoretic mobility is unchanged. This protective effect is highly selective and only one other component of the venom is protected against trypsin by oleoyl imidazolide. Combination of trypsin and thiol treatment produces a large fragment of the activated enzyme which could be used for structural studies of the activation site.
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Lüllmann H, Vollmer B. An interaction of aminoglycoside antibiotics with Ca binding to lipid monolayers and to biomembranes. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31:3769-73. [PMID: 7159458 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen aminoglycoside antibiotics were investigated with respect to their ability to replace Ca from phosphatidylserine monolayers. The affinities of the glycosides for the Ca-binding sites depended on the pH and the Ca2+ concentration of the aqueous subphase. At a Ca2+ concentration of 1.2 X 10(-5)M and a pH of 7.5 the half maximum concentrations to replace Ca were found to range from 0.4 X 10(-6) (sisomicin) to 6 X 10(-6)M (streptomycin). The interaction between the streptomycins and Ca were of a competitive nature, whereas the aminoglycoside antibiotics with higher affinities displayed unusual steep dose-response curves suggesting positive cooperativity. The aminoglycoside antibiotics were also able to replace Ca from biomembranes (red cell ghosts and isolated sarcolemma of cardiac muscle) in a dose-dependent manner. The high affinity of aminoglycoside antibiotics to a phospholipid is considered to be involved in the toxic side effects of these antibiotics, e.g. nephrotoxicity and impairment of contractile force.
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Graff G, Harlan J, Nahas N. Preparation of phosphatidyl[2-3H]inositol from yeast grown in medium containing myo[2-3H]inositol. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 12:175-95. [PMID: 6750592 DOI: 10.1080/00327488208065560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidyl[2-3H]inositol was prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YSC-2), grown in synthetic medium containing myo[2-3H]inositol. Over 44 microCi (or 81%) of the radiolabeled inositol was taken up by the organism, with 34 microCi incorporated into phosphatidylinositol. Upon purification by silicic acid pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), a final yield of 24 to 26 microCi of phosphatidyl[2-3H]inositol with a specific radioactivity of 40 X 10(3) dpm/nmole was obtained. The purified phosphatidyl[2-3H]inositol was found to be a suitable for phospholipase C from human platelets.
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Vaskovsky V, Latyshev N, Cherkassov E. Liquid scintillation counting of 32P-labelled compounds after micro-thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Enzyme-substrate interaction in lipid monolayers. I. Experimental conditions and fundamental kinetics. J Lipid Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lüllmann H, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Wassermann O. Lipidosis induced by amphiphilic cationic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:1103-8. [PMID: 358990 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lüllmann H, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Wassermann O. Drug-induced phospholipidoses. II. Tissue distribution of the amphiphilic drug chlorphentermine. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY 1975; 4:185-218. [PMID: 2448 DOI: 10.1080/10408447509164014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zografi G, Verger R, de Haas GH. Kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis of lecithin monolayers by phospholipase A. Chem Phys Lipids 1971; 7:185-206. [PMID: 5167549 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(71)90001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Olive J, Dervichian DG. [Kinetics of the hydrolysis by a lipase of a glyceride displayed in monomolecular layer. I. Influence of enzyme concentration and of superficial substrate concentration]. Biochimie 1971; 53:207-13. [PMID: 5559028 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(71)80052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Weiss L, Neiders ME. A biophysical approach to epithelial cell interactions with teeth. ADVANCES IN ORAL BIOLOGY 1970; 4:179-260. [PMID: 4914036 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-030504-9.50014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
The cytoplasmic membrane of Mycoplasma laidlawii strain B is solubilized by anionic and nonionic detergents, succinylation, phospholipase A, alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Cationic detergents are without effect, as are chelating agents, even in the presence of high concentrations of monovalent cation. The detergent-solubilized membrane exhibits one peak in the analytical ultracentrifuge, but the sedimentation coefficient is dependent upon concentration of detergent. Simple dialysis does not remove all of the sodium dodecylsulfate except from lipid-depleted membrane particles. Membranes bind sodium dodecylsulfate but acetone powders of membranes do not. Sulfated alcohols with chain lengths of C(14) and C(16) are more tightly bound than dodecylsulfate. A constant amount of di- and trivalent cation is bound by the membrane upon aggregation. Only a portion of this cation is removable with chelating agents. No chelating agent is bound by these aggregates. A portion of the lipid-depleted membrane particles is solubilized by negatively charged lipids and detergents, giving rise to aggregates in the presence of divalent cation. Fractionations of detergent-solubilized membranes by preparative gel electrophoresis and ammonium sulfate were inconclusive. Density gradient centrifugation of succinylated membranes yielded at least five fractions which exhibited homogeneity by ultracentrifugation. Analytical gel electrophoresis of these fractions demonstrated heterogeneity. The composition of these five fractions suggested separation of protein from lipid.
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Quarles RH, Dawson RM. The hydrolysis of monolayers of phosphatidyl(Me-14C)choline by phospholipase D. Biochem J 1969; 113:697-705. [PMID: 5386192 PMCID: PMC1184753 DOI: 10.1042/bj1130697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. The hydrolysis of monolayers of phosphatidyl[Me-(14)C]choline at the air/water interface by phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase) was investigated by a surface-radioactivity technique by using a flow counter. 2. Phosphatidylcholine of high specific radioactivity was prepared biosynthetically in good yield from [Me-(14)C]choline by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 3. At initial monolayer pressures between 12 and 25 dynes/cm. the hydrolysis occurred in two stages, an initial slow hydrolysis followed by a rapid hydrolysis. Below 3dynes/cm. and above 28dynes/cm. no enzymic hydrolysis of pure phosphatidylcholine monolayers could be detected. 4. The rapid hydrolysis was proportional to the enzyme concentration in the subphase, its pH optimum was 6.6, and 0.2mm-Ca(2+) was required for maximal activity. 5. Hydrolysis of the film was accompanied by a pronounced fall in the surface pressure even though the phosphatidic acid formed did not leave the film. When the pressure fell to low values the hydrolysis ceased even if the film was only partially hydrolysed. 6. Above monolayer pressures of 28dynes/cm. enzymic hydrolysis could be initiated by inclusion of phosphatidic acid (and less effectively stearyl hydrogen sulphate) in the film, although the rates were not appreciably higher than those observed at 25dynes/cm. with a pure phosphatidylcholine film. 7. The initiation of the hydrolysis by phosphatidic acid was facilitated by the inclusion of high Ca(2+) concentrations and certain carboxylic acid buffer anions in the subphase, although these did not activate by themselves. 8. The initiation of the hydrolysis at high pressures could not be related to any change in the surface potential brought about by the addition of the long-chain anions to the film, nor could it be ascribed to a surface dilution effect. 9. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine particles by the enzyme and also similar investigations on phosphatidylcholine monolayers with other phospholipases.
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Doizaki WM, Zieve L. Effect of surface-active agents on post-heparin lipase activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 152:713-7. [PMID: 5660085 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chapman D, Owens NF, Walker DA. Physical studies of phospholipids. II. Monolayer studies of some synthetic 2,3-diacyl-DL-phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines containing trans double bonds. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 120:148-55. [PMID: 5961099 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(66)90286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Dawson RM. The hydrolysis of unimolecular films of P32-labelled lecithin, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol with phospholipase A (Naja naja venom). Biochem J 1966; 98:35C-37C. [PMID: 4287839 PMCID: PMC1264943 DOI: 10.1042/bj0980035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kates M, Madeley JR, Beare JL. Action of phospholipase B on ultrasonically dispersed lecithin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 106:630-4. [PMID: 5881340 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(65)90080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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BANGHAM AD, DAWSON RM. Electrokinetic requirements for the reaction between Cl. Perfringens α-toxin (phospholipase C) and phospholipid substrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1962; 59:103-15. [PMID: 13864657 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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DAWES GS. Anoxia and survival after birth. Proc R Soc Med 1960; 53:1039-41. [PMID: 13720291 PMCID: PMC1871637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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