1
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Brudzynski K. Unexpected Value of Honey Color for Prediction of a Non-Enzymatic H 2O 2 Production and Honey Antibacterial Activity: A Perspective. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040526. [PMID: 37110183 PMCID: PMC10141347 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is the principal antibacterial compound of honey and its concentration determines honey bacteriostatic (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) potencies. Levels of H2O2 produced are highly relevant to honey therapeutic potential, but they vary extensively among honey with reasons not immediately apparent. According to a traditional view, H2O2 is produced as a by-product of glucose oxidation by the honey bee enzyme, glucose oxidase; however, significant levels of H2O2 could be produced in a non-enzymatic way via polyphenol autooxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for such an alternative pathway by re-examining evidence from many experimental and correlative studies in order to identify factors and compounds required for pro-oxidant activity. Unexpectedly, the color intensity was found to be the main indicator separating honey varieties based on the quantitative differences in the polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and the content of transition metals, Fe, Cu and Mn, the main factors required for pro-oxidant effects. The color-impeding polyphenolics and their oxidation products (semiquinones and quinones) further contributed to color development through multiple chemical conjugations with proteins, phenolic oxidative polymerization, chelation or the reduction of metal ions. Moreover, quinones, as an intrinsic part of polyphenol redox activity, play an active role in the formation of higher-order structures, melanoidins and colloids in honey. The latter structures are also known to chelate metal ions, potentially contributing to H2O2 production. Thus, the color intensity appears as a major parameter that integrates polyphenol-dependent pro-oxidant reactions resulting in H2O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Brudzynski
- Department of Drug Discovery, Bee-Biomedicals Inc., St. Catharines, ON L2T 3T4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Formerly, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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2
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Polyphenol mediated non-enzymatic browning and its inhibition in apple juice. Food Chem 2023; 404:134504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Covalent bonding between polyphenols and proteins: Synthesis of caffeic acid-cysteine and chlorogenic acid-cysteine adducts and their quantification in dairy beverages. Food Chem 2023; 403:134406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Anoop AA, Pillai PKS, Nickerson M, Ragavan KV. Plant leaf proteins for food applications: Opportunities and challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:473-501. [PMID: 36478122 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based proteins are gaining a lot of attention for their health benefits and are considered as an alternative to animal proteins for developing sustainable food systems. Against the backdrop, ensuring a healthy diet supplemented with good quality protein will be a massive responsibility of governments across the globe. Increasing the yield of food crops has its limitations, including low acceptance of genetically modified crops, land availability for cultivation, and the need for large quantities of agrochemicals. It necessitates the sensible use of existing resources and farm output to derive the proteins. On average, the protein content of plant leaves is similar to that of milk, which can be efficiently tapped for food applications across the globe. There has been limited research on utilizing plant leaf proteins for food product development over the years, which has not been fruitful. However, the current global food production scenario has pushed some leading economies to reconsider the scope of plant leaf proteins with dedicated efforts. It is evident from installing pilot-scale demonstration plants for protein extraction from agro-food residues to cater to the protein demand with product formulation. The present study thoroughly reviews the opportunities and challenges linked to the production of plant leaf proteins, including its nutritional aspects, extraction and purification strategies, anti-nutritional factors, functional and sensory properties in food product development, and finally, its impact on the environment. Practical Application: Plant leaf proteins are one of the sustainable and alternative source of proteins. It can be produced in most of the agroclimatic conditions without requiring much agricultural inputs. It's functional properties are unique and finds application in novel food product formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Anoop
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prasanth K S Pillai
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Michael Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - K V Ragavan
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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5
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Møller AH, Hammershøj M, Dos Passos NHM, Tanambell H, Stødkilde L, Ambye-Jensen M, Danielsen M, Jensen SK, Dalsgaard TK. Biorefinery of Green Biomass─How to Extract and Evaluate High Quality Leaf Protein for Food? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14341-14357. [PMID: 34845908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need for protein for both feed and food in order to meet future demands. It is imperative to explore and utilize novel protein sources such as protein from leafy plant material, which contains high amounts of the enzyme ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo). Leafy crops such as grasses and legumes can in humid climate produce high protein yields in a sustainable way when compared with many traditional seed protein crops. Despite this, very little RuBisCo is utilized for foods because proteins in the leaf material has a low accessibility to monogastrics. In order to utilize the leaf protein for food purposes, the protein needs to be extracted from the fiber rich leaf matrix. This conversion of green biomass to valuable products has been labeled green biorefinery. The green biorefinery may be tailored to produce different products, but in this Review, the focus is on production of food-grade protein. The existing knowledge on the extraction, purification, and concentration of protein from green biomass is reviewed. Additionally, the quality and potential application of the leaf protein in food products and side streams from the green biorefinery will be discussed along with possible uses of side streams from the protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hauer Møller
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hammershøj
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Natalia Hachow Motta Dos Passos
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hartono Tanambell
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lene Stødkilde
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Morten Ambye-Jensen
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marianne Danielsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren K Jensen
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Trine K Dalsgaard
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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6
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He D, Peng X, Xing YF, Wang Y, Zeng W, Su N, Zhang C, Lu DN, Xing XH. Increased stability and intracellular antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid depend on its molecular interaction with wheat gluten hydrolysate. Food Chem 2020; 325:126873. [PMID: 32387948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stability and cell entry efficiency affect the biological accessibility of chlorogenic acid (CGA). Here, wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) was proven to improve the stability of CGA during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, promote the intestinal epithelial cell entry efficiency of CGA, and increase its intracellular antioxidant activity. The interaction between WGH and CGA was studied by fluorescence quenching and molecular dynamics simulations. The thermodynamic parameters and molecular dynamics simulation analysis showed that the interaction between WGH and CGA was dependent on hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Analyses of the binding sites of WGH showed that Arg12, Arg49, Lys54, and Pro74-Gln89 had strong interactions with CGA molecules. This interaction between CGA and WGH was related to both electrostatic interactions and their respective concentrations. Taken together, the stability, intestinal epithelial cell entry, and antioxidant activity of CGA can be increased by its molecular interactions with WGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong He
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Peng
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi-Fan Xing
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Su
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dian-Nan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xin-Hui Xing
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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7
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Liang Y, Were L. Cysteine's effects on chlorogenic acid quinone induced greening and browning: Mechanism and effect on antioxidant reducing capacity. Food Chem 2019; 309:125697. [PMID: 31727513 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Formation of green trihydroxy benzacridine (TBA) derivatives when chlorogenic acid (CGA) quinones and amino acids react can be unappealing for some consumers. Cysteine was studied as an anti-greening strategy, given that cysteine-CGA conjugates are colorless. Buffered 2.55 mM CGA: 5.09 mM lysine: (0-5.09) mM cysteine solutions at pH 8 and 9 were prepared and incubated for a maximum of 48 h at 22 C. Color intensity and conjugate formation was monitored spectrophotometrically, and by HPLC and LC-MS respectively, while antioxidant capacity was measured by Folin-Ciolcateau and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. Green TBA formation was promoted at higher pH and inhibited as cysteine concentration increased. Concentration-dependent cysteine inhibition of CGA-lysine greening was attributed to redox diphenol regeneration and formation of cysteinyl-CGA conjugates, which also contributed to antioxidant capacity. pH had a greater effect on antioxidant capacity than added cysteine. Results suggested a potential anti-greening approach for alkaline CGA quinone-amine greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Liang
- Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
| | - Lilian Were
- Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
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8
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Castada HZ, Barringer SA. Online, real‐time, and direct use of SIFT‐MS to measure garlic breath deodorization: a review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Z. Castada
- Department of Food Science & Technology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Sheryl Ann Barringer
- Department of Food Science & Technology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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9
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Jamróz E, Kulawik P, Krzyściak P, Talaga-Ćwiertnia K, Juszczak L. Intelligent and active furcellaran-gelatin films containing green or pu-erh tea extracts: Characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:745-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Ichitani M, Okumura H, Nakashima Y, Kinugasa H, Honda M, Kunimoto KK. Spectroscopic characterization of thiol adducts formed in the reaction of 4-methylcatechol with DPPH in the presence of N-acetylcysteine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.9.4.386-393.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophiles such as thiol compounds have enhancing effects on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of polyphenols. Several authors have suggested that regeneration of the catechol structure from o-quinone plays a key role in enhanced radical scavenging activity. We therefore explored the reaction of 4-methyl catechol (MC) with DPPH in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NACys) to clarify the mechanism underlying activity enhancement. Four types of NACys adducts were isolated and purified by preparative HPLC after the reactions reached equilibrium and their structures were characterized spectroscopically using UV-Vis absorption, NMR, and LC-MS. Oxidation of MC using a periodate resin and subsequent reaction with NACys were also studied. LC-MS analyses revealed that a mono-NACys adduct is produced as the major product in the reaction of MC quinone with NACys, and direct reduction by NACys occurs in reactions with NACys MC quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ichitani
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hisako Okumura
- Department of Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai-Machi, Nagaoka 940-8532, Japan
| | - Yugo Nakashima
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kinugasa
- Central Research Institute, Ito En. Ltd., Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Honda
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ko-Ki Kunimoto
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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11
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Sinela AM, Mertz C, Achir N, Rawat N, Vidot K, Fulcrand H, Dornier M. Exploration of reaction mechanisms of anthocyanin degradation in a roselle extract through kinetic studies on formulated model media. Food Chem 2017; 235:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Singh S, Singh D, Kumar S. Expression and biochemical analysis of codon-optimized polyphenol oxidase from Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze in E. coli. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Nabavi SF, Tejada S, Setzer WN, Gortzi O, Sureda A, Braidy N, Daglia M, Manayi A, Nabavi SM. Chlorogenic Acid and Mental Diseases: From Chemistry to Medicine. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:471-479. [PMID: 27012954 PMCID: PMC5543670 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160325120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, much attention has been focused on the beneficial effects of natural products on the human health due to their high efficacy and low adverse effects. Among them, polyphenolic compounds are known as one of the most important and common classes of natural products, which possess multiple range of health-promotion effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. A plethora of scientific evidence has shown that polyphenolic compounds possess beneficial effects on the central nervous system. METHODS Data were collected from Web of Science (ISI Web of Knowledge), Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and BIOSIS Previews (from 1950 to 2015), through searching of these keywords: "chlorogenic acid and mental diseases" and "chlorogenic acid and neuroprotection". RESULTS Chlorogenic acid is known as one of the most common polyphenolic compounds, and is found in different types of fruits and vegetables, spices, wine, olive oil, as well as coffee. The potential neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid have been highlighted in several in vitro and in vivo studies. This review critically analyses the available scientific evidence regarding the neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid, and its neuropharmacological mechanisms of action. In addition, we also discuss its biosynthesis, sources, bioavailability and metabolism, to provide a broad perspective of the therapeutic implications of this compound in brain health and disease. CONCLUSION The present review showed that chlorogenic acid possesses neuroprotective effects under the both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Experimental Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Llàtzer Hospital, IUNICS, Ctra. Manacor km 4, E-07198, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama 35899, Huntsville, USA
| | - Olga Gortzi
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly Terma N. Temponera Str. Greece
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Grup de Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu (IUNICS) and CIBERobn Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydneyy, Australia
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Guitard R, Paul JF, Nardello-Rataj V, Aubry JM. Myricetin, rosmarinic and carnosic acids as superior natural antioxidant alternatives to α-tocopherol for the preservation of omega-3 oils. Food Chem 2016; 213:284-295. [PMID: 27451183 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
22 natural polyphenols are compared to 7 synthetic antioxidants including BHT, BHA, TBHQ and PG with regard to their ability to protect omega-3 oils from autoxidation. The antioxidant efficiency of phenols is assessed using the DPPH test and the measurement of oxygen consumption during the autoxidation of oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Also, the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of the Ar-OH bonds are calculated and excellent correlations between thermodynamic, kinetic and oxidation data are obtained. It is shown that kinetic rates of hydrogen transfer, number of radicals scavenged per antioxidant molecule, BDE and formation of antioxidant dimers from the primary radicals play an important role regarding the antioxidant activity of phenols. Based on this, it is finally shown that myricetin, rosmarinic and carnosic acids are more efficient than α-tocopherol and synthetic antioxidants for the preservation of omega-3 oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guitard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Paul
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Véronique Nardello-Rataj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Aubry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France.
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15
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Paradiso VM, Di Mattia C, Giarnetti M, Chiarini M, Andrich L, Caponio F. Antioxidant Behavior of Olive Phenolics in Oil-in-Water Emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5877-5886. [PMID: 27380032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the surrounding molecular environment (β-lactoglobulin as an emulsion stabilizer and maltodextrin as a viscosity modifier) on the antioxidant activity of three olive oil phenolic compounds (PCs) in olive oil-in-water emulsions was investigated. Oxidation potential, phenolic partitioning, and radical quenching capacity were assessed in solution and in emulsion for oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol; the influence of β-lactoglobulin and maltodextrin concentration was also evaluated. Finally, the observed properties were related to the oxidative stability of the emulsions containing the PCs to explain their behavior. The order hydroxytyrosol > oleuropein > tyrosol was observed among the antioxidants for both oxidation potential and radical quenching activity. Radical quenching capacity in emulsion and anodic potential were complementary indices of antioxidant effectiveness. As the intrinsic susceptibility of an antioxidant to oxidation expressed by its anodic potential decreased, the environmental conditions (molecular interactions and changes in continuous phase viscosity) played a major role in the antioxidant effectiveness in preventing hydroperoxide decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Michele Paradiso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari , Via Amendola 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Carla Di Mattia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo , Via Balzarini 1, Campus Coste S. Agostino, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Giarnetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari , Via Amendola 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo , Via Balzarini 1, Campus Coste S. Agostino, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lucia Andrich
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo , Via Balzarini 1, Campus Coste S. Agostino, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari , Via Amendola 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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16
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Manivasagan P, Venkatesan J, Sivakumar K, Kim SK. Actinobacterial enzyme inhibitors--a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 41:261-72. [PMID: 24495095 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.837425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria have potential as important new sources of enzyme inhibitors. Enzyme inhibitors have great demand in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. In medicine, enzyme inhibitors can be used as therapeutic agents for bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic diseases as well as treating cancer, neurodegenerative, immunological and cardiovascular diseases. Enzyme inhibitors are also valuable for the control of carbohydrate-dependent diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia and melanogenesis in skin. They can be also involved in crop protection against plant pathogens, herbivorous pests and abiotic stresses such as drought. In this review, we discuss about several actinobacterial enzyme inhibitors with various industrial uses and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanathan Manivasagan
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea and
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Felton GW, Donato K, Del Vecchio RJ, Duffey SS. Activation of plant foliar oxidases by insect feeding reduces nutritive quality of foliage for noctuid herbivores. J Chem Ecol 2013; 15:2667-94. [PMID: 24271680 DOI: 10.1007/bf01014725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/1988] [Accepted: 02/03/1989] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The foliage and fruit of the tomato plantLycopersicon esculentum contains polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and peroxidases (POD) that are compartmentally separated from orthodihydroxyphenolic substrates in situ. However, when leaf tissue is damaged by insect feeding, the enzyme and phenolic substrates come in contact, resulting in the rapid oxidation of phenolics to orthoquinones. When the tomato fruitwormHeliothis zea or the beet army-wormSpodoptera exigua feed on tomato foliage, a substantial amount of the ingested chlorogenic acid is oxidized to chlorogenoquinone by PPO in the insect gut. Additionally, the digestive enzymes of the fruitworm have the potential to further activate foliar oxidase activity in the gut. Chlorogenoquinone is a highly reactive electrophilic molecule that readily binds cova-lently to nucleophilic groups of amino acids and proteins. In particular, the -SH and -NH2 groups of amino acids are susceptible to binding or alkylation. In experiments with tomato foliage, the relative growth rate of the fruitworm was negatively correlated with PPO activity. As the tomato plant matures, foliar PPO activity may increase nearly 10-fold while the growth rate of the fruitworm is severely depressed. In tomato fruit, the levels of PPO are highest in small immature fruit but are essentially negligible in mature fruit. The growth rate of larvae on fruit was also negatively correlated with PPO activity, with the fastest larval growth rate occurring when larvae fed on mature fruit. The reduction in larval growth is proposed to result from the alkylation of amino acids/protein byo-quinones, and the subsequent reduction in the nutritive quality of foliage. This alkylation reduces the digestibility of dietary protein and the bioavailability of amino acids. We believe that this mechanism of digestibility reduction may be extrapolatable to other plant-insect systems because of the ubiquitous cooccurrence of PPO and phenolic substrates among vascular plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Felton
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, 95616, Davis, California
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18
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Farag MA, El-Ahmady SH, Elian FS, Wessjohann LA. Metabolomics driven analysis of artichoke leaf and its commercial products via UHPLC-q-TOF-MS and chemometrics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:177-87. [PMID: 23902683 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand to develop efficient and reliable analytical methods for the quality control of herbal medicines and nutraceuticals is on the rise, together with an increase in the legal requirements for safe and consistent levels of active principles. Here, we describe an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS) analysis for the comprehensive measurement of metabolites from three Cynara scolymus (artichoke) cultivars: American Green Globe, French Hyrious, and Egyptian Baladi. Under optimized conditions, 50 metabolites were simultaneously quantified and identified including: eight caffeic acid derivatives, six saponins, 12 flavonoids and 10 fatty acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define both similarities and differences among the three artichoke leaf cultivars. In addition, batches from seven commercially available artichoke market products were analysed and showed variable quality, particularly in caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoid and fatty acid contents. PCA analysis was able to discriminate between various preparations, including differentiation between various batches from the same supplier. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first approach utilizing UHPLC-MS based metabolite fingerprinting to reveal secondary metabolite compositional differences in artichoke leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sanchez-Vazquez SA, Hailes HC, Evans JRG. Hydrophobic Polymers from Food Waste: Resources and Synthesis. POLYM REV 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2013.834933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Saiz-Poseu J, Sedó J, García B, Benaiges C, Parella T, Alibés R, Hernando J, Busqué F, Ruiz-Molina D. Versatile nanostructured materials via direct reaction of functionalized catechols. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2066-2070. [PMID: 23418006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A facile one-step polymerization strategy is explored to achieve novel catechol-based materials. Depending on the functionality of the catechol, the as-prepared product can be used to modify at will the surface tension of nano and bulk structures, from oleo-/hydrophobic to highly hydrophilic. A hydrophobic catechol prepared thus polymerized shows the ability to self-assemble as solid nanoparticles with sticky properties in polar solvent media. Such a versatile concept is ideal for the development of catechol-based multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Saiz-Poseu
- Fundación Privada ASCAMM, Unidad de Nanotecnología (NANOMM) Parc Tecnològic del Vallès, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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21
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Bouzanquet Q, Barril C, Clark AC, Dias DA, Scollary GR. A novel glutathione-hydroxycinnamic acid product generated in oxidative wine conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12186-12195. [PMID: 23163604 DOI: 10.1021/jf3034072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes a novel glutathione-substituted dihydroxyphenyl compound formed during the oxidation of white wine and model wine solutions, which may contribute to the synergistic role of glutathione and hydroxycinnamic acids in delaying oxidative coloration. The critical components for the formation of the compound were found to be hydroxycinnamic acids and glutathione, while ascorbic acid enabled the product to accumulate to higher concentrations. The presence of the wine components important in other wine oxidation mechanisms, (+)-catechin, ethanol and/or tartaric acid, was not essential for the formation of this new compound. Via LC-MS/MS, HR-MS and (1)H NMR (1D and 2D NMR) analyses, the major isomer of the compound formed from glutathione and caffeic acid was found to be 4-[(E)-2'-(S)-glutathionyl ethenyl]-catechol (GEC). Equivalent products were also confirmed via LC-MS/MS for other hydroxycinnamic acids (i.e., ferulic and coumaric acids). Only trace amounts of GEC were formed with the quinic ester of caffeic acid (i.e., chlorogenic acid), and no equivalent product was found for cinnamic acid. GEC was detected in a variety of white wines supplemented with glutathione and caffeic acid. A radical mechanism for the formation of the styrene-glutathione derivatives is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bouzanquet
- ESITPA, École d'Ingénieurs en Agriculture, 76134 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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22
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Cilia M, Peter KA, Bereman MS, Howe K, Fish T, Smith D, Gildow F, MacCoss MJ, Thannhauser TW, Gray SM. Discovery and targeted LC-MS/MS of purified polerovirus reveals differences in the virus-host interactome associated with altered aphid transmission. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48177. [PMID: 23118947 PMCID: PMC3484124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulative transmission of viruses in the Luteoviridae, such as cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV), requires a series of precisely orchestrated interactions between virus, plant, and aphid proteins. Natural selection has favored these viruses to be retained in the phloem to facilitate acquisition and transmission by aphids. We show that treatment of infected oat tissue homogenate with sodium sulfite reduces transmission of the purified virus by aphids. Transmission electron microscopy data indicated no gross change in virion morphology due to treatments. However, treated virions were not acquired by aphids through the hindgut epithelial cells and were not transmitted when injected directly into the hemocoel. Analysis of virus preparations using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry revealed a number of host plant proteins co-purifying with viruses, some of which were lost following sodium sulfite treatment. Using targeted mass spectrometry, we show data suggesting that several of the virus-associated host plant proteins accumulated to higher levels in aphids that were fed on CYDV-infected plants compared to healthy plants. We propose two hypotheses to explain these observations, and these are not mutually exclusive: (a) that sodium sulfite treatment disrupts critical virion-host protein interactions required for aphid transmission, or (b) that host infection with CYDV modulates phloem protein expression in a way that is favorable for virus uptake by aphids. Importantly, the genes coding for the plant proteins associated with virus may be examined as targets in breeding cereal crops for new modes of virus resistance that disrupt phloem-virus or aphid-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cilia
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (SMG)
| | - Kari A. Peter
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Bereman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin Howe
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dawn Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Gildow
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theodore W. Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Stewart M. Gray
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (SMG)
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Raoof JB, Ojani R, Amiri-Aref M, Chekin F. Catechol as an electrochemical indicator for voltammetric determination of D-penicillamine in aqueous media at the surface of carbon paste electrode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s102319351204012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Le Bourvellec C, Renard C. Interactions between Polyphenols and Macromolecules: Quantification Methods and Mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:213-48. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.499808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Oxidation of phenolic compounds by the bifunctional catalase-phenol oxidase (CATPO) from Scytalidium thermophilum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:661-72. [PMID: 22370948 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum produces a novel bifunctional catalase with an additional phenol oxidase activity (CATPO); however, its phenol oxidation spectrum is not known. Here, 14 phenolic compounds were selected as substrates, among which (+)-catechin, catechol, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid yielded distinct oxidation products examined by reversed-phase HPLC chromatography method. Characterization of the products by LC-ESI/MS and UV-vis spectroscopy suggests the formation of dimers of dehydrocatechin type B (hydrophilic) and type A (hydrophobic), as well as oligomers, namely, a trimer and tetramer from (+)-catechin, the formation of a dimer and oligomer of catechol, a dimer from caffeic acid with a caffeicin-like structure, as well as trimeric and tetrameric derivatives, and a single major product from chlorogenic acid suggested to be a dimer. Based on the results, CATPO oxidizes phenolic compounds ranging from simple phenols to polyphenols but all having an ortho-diphenolic structure in common. The enzyme also appears to have stereoselectivity due to the oxidation of (+)-catechin, but not that of epicatechin. It is suggested that CATPO may contribute to the antioxidant mechanism of the fungus and may be of value for future food and biotechnology applications where such a bifunctional activity would be desirable.
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26
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Improving solubility and chemical stability of natural compounds for medicinal use by incorporation into liposomes. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:433-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Jongberg S, Gislason NE, Lund MN, Skibsted LH, Waterhouse AL. Thiol-quinone adduct formation in myofibrillar proteins detected by LC-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6900-6905. [PMID: 21599024 DOI: 10.1021/jf200965s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein oxidation in meat is considered to decrease meat tenderness due to protein disulfide cross-link formation of thiol-containing amino acid residues. An LC-MS method for detection of thiol-quinone adducts (RS-QH(2)) in myofibrillar proteins was developed to investigate the interaction between phenols, as protective antioxidants, and proteins from meat under oxidative conditions using aqueous solutions of (i) cysteine (Cys), (ii) glutathione (GSH), (iii) bovine serum albumin (BSA), or (iv) a myofibrillar protein isolate (MPI). The aqueous solutions were incubated at room temperature (30 min) with 4-methyl-1,2-benzoquinone (4MBQ) prepared from oxidation of 4-methylcatechol (4MC) by periodate resin or incubated at room temperature (5 h) with 4MC and Fe(II)/H(2)O(2). GSH, BSA, and MPI were hydrolyzed (6 N HCl, 110 °C, 22 h) after incubation, and the cysteine-quinone adduct, Cys-QH(2) (m/z 244.2) was identified according to UV and mass spectra after separation on an RP-C18 column. The thiol-quinone adduct was present in all thiol systems after incubation with 4MBQ or 4MC oxidized by Fe(II)/H(2)O(2). Direct reaction with 4MBQ resulted in each case in increased Cys-QH(2) formation compared to simultaneous oxidation of thiol source and 4MC with Fe(II)/H(2)O(2). The covalent bonds between quinones and thiol groups may act as a potential antioxidant by inhibiting disulfide protein cross-link formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisse Jongberg
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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28
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Van Heyningen R, Pirie A. The metabolism of naphthalene and its toxic effect on the eye. Biochem J 2010; 102:842-52. [PMID: 16742501 PMCID: PMC1270335 DOI: 10.1042/bj1020842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Naphthalene (1g./kg.) was fed daily by stomach tube to rabbits. 2. In more than half of the rabbits opacities in the lens and degeneration of the retina were visible in vivo. 3. Dissection of eye tissues revealed some or all of the following changes: a browning of the lens and eye humours, blue fluorescence of the eye humours and crystals in the retina and vitreous body. 4. The ascorbic acid concentration of the eye humours was decreased. 5. Some metabolites of naphthalene [1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl sulphate and (1,2-dihydro-2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl glucosid)uronic acid] are converted enzymically by the tissues of the eye into 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. 6. Changes in the eye are consistent with 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene's being the primary toxic agent. The properties and reactions of this substance are described. 7. 1,2-Dihydroxynaphthalene is readily autoxidizable in neutral solution to form the yellow 1,2-naphthaquinone and hydrogen peroxide. This oxidation is reversed by ascorbate. 8. Ascorbate is oxidized catalytically by 1,2-naphthaquinone. This may account for the disappearance of ascorbate from the aqueous and vitreous humours of the eye after naphthalene feeding. It may also account for the appearance of crystals of calcium oxalate in the eye. 9. The brown colour of the lens of the naphthalene-fed rabbit is due to presence of naphthaquinone-protein compounds.
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Sukalović VHT, Veljović-Jovanović S, Maksimović JD, Maksimović V, Pajić Z. Characterisation of phenol oxidase and peroxidase from maize silk. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2010; 12:406-13. [PMID: 20522176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Silk of some maize genotypes contains a high level of phenolics that undergo enzymatic oxidation to form quinones, which condense among themselves or with proteins to form brown pigments. Two phenolic oxidizing enzymes, peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.10.3.1), from maize (Zea mays L.) silk were characterised with respect to their preferred substrate, different isoforms and specific effectors. One browning silk sample with high, and two non-browning samples with low phenolic content were investigated. Although POD oxidizes a wide range of phenolic substrates in vitro, its activity rate was independent of silk phenolic content. PPO activity, detected with o-diphenolic substrates, was abundant only in browning silk, and low or absent in non-browning silk. Pollination increased POD but not PPO activity. Isoelectric-focusing (IEF) and specific staining for POD and PPO showed a high degree of polymorphism that varied with silk origin. The IEF pattern of POD revealed a number of anionic and several cationic isoenzymes, with the most pronounced having neutral pI 7 and a basic isoform with pI 10. Detected isoforms of PPO were anionic, except for one neutral form found only in browning silk, and occupied positions different from those of POD. Different inhibitory effects of NaN(3), EDTA, KCN, and L-cysteine, as well as different impacts of a variety of cations on the oxidation of chlorogenic acid, mediated by PPO or POD, were detected. The findings are discussed in terms of a possible roles of these enzymes in defence and pollination.
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30
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Tarascou I, Souquet JM, Mazauric JP, Carrillo S, Coq S, Canon F, Fulcrand H, Cheynier V. The hidden face of food phenolic composition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 501:16-22. [PMID: 20363210 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are extremely diverse, due to the occurrence of several basic structures, numerous substitutions and, for some groups, of polymers (tannins). Plant polyphenol composition depends on the plant species and organ, with some molecules specific of particular plant families while others are ubiquitous. The polyphenol content is classically assessed by global analysis methods, which lack specificity and accuracy. These methods have been replaced with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), that enables accurate determination of individual molecules, provided they can be unambiguously identified and calibration curves can be established. However, HPLC analysis is restricted to simple compounds and difficult to apply in the case of complex extracts. Further difficulties encountered in the case of polymers include irreversible adsorption on the stationary phases. Proanthocyanidin analysis by HPLC after acid-catalysed depolymerisation in the presence of a nucleophile permits to overcome these problems and shows that proanthocyanidins predominate in the polyphenol composition of most plants. Large varietal differences in tannin quantitative and qualitative composition were observed for all plant species studied. Moreover, analysis is usually performed after extraction, which may lead to significant underestimation of the polyphenol content, since a large proportion is not extracted by usual solvents. This may be due to covalent binding to other plant constituents and to non-covalent adsorption on plant solids. Such matrix effect also influences the taste perception of polyphenols and their fate in the digestive tract, from in-mouth interactions with salivary proteins to their metabolism by colon microflora, with potential influence on bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tarascou
- INRA, UMR1083 Sciences Pour l'Oenologie, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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31
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Catechol as an electrochemical indicator for voltammetric determination of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in aqueous media at the surface of carbon paste electrode. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Chlorogenic Acid Oxidation by a Crude Peroxidase Preparation: Biocatalytic Characteristics and Oxidation Products. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-009-0241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Nurchi VM, Pivetta T, Lachowicz JI, Crisponi G. Effect of substituents on complex stability aimed at designing new iron(III) and aluminum(III) chelators. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 103:227-36. [PMID: 19036454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The solution equilibria of iron(III) and aluminum(III) with two classes of hard ligands (catechol, salicylic acid and their nitro-derivatives) have been reliably studied by potentiometric, spectrophotometric and NMR spectroscopy. The effect of the nitro substituent on the binding properties of catechol and salicylic acid has been examined thoroughly. The inductive and resonance properties of the substituent that, as expected, lower the basicity of the phenolic and carboxylic groups, lead to a general decrease in both protonation and complex formation constants. This decrease causes an increase in pM of between 0.2 and 1.1pM units for the nitro-substituted salicylates and of about 4 units for 4-nitrocatechol, with a significantly higher chelating efficacy. The influence of the substituent on catechol and salicylic acid is discussed in detail on the basis of conditional constants at pH 7.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marina Nurchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio dei Metalli in Medicina, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy
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34
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Saboury AA, Zolghadri S, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 21:711-7. [PMID: 17252944 DOI: 10.1080/14756360600810787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) have been investigated at two temperatures of 20 and 30 degrees C in 10 mM phosphate buffer solution, pHs 5.3 and 6.8. The results show that benzenethiol can inhibit both activities of mushroom tyrosinase competitively. The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase activity is more than the catecholase activity of MT. The inhibition constant (K(i)) value at pH 5.3 is smaller than that at pH 6.8 for both enzyme activities. However, the K(i) value increases in cresolase activity and decreases in catecholase activity due to the increase of temperature from 20 to 30 degrees C at both pHs. Moreover, the effect of temperature on K(i) value is more at pH 6.8 for both cresolase and catecholase activities. The type of binding process is different in the two types of MT activities. The binding process for catecholase inhibition is only entropy driven, which means that the predominant interaction in the active site of the enzyme is hydrophobic, meanwhile the electrostatic interaction can be important for cresolase inhibition due to the enthalpy driven binding process. Fluorescence and circular studies also show a minor change in the tertiary structure, without any change in the secondary structure, of the enzyme due to the electrostatic interaction in cresolase inhibition by benzenethiol at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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35
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Gheibi N, Saboury AA, Mansuri-Torshizi H, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibition effect of some n-alkyl dithiocarbamates on mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:393-9. [PMID: 16206836 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500179903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new n-alkyl dithiocarbamate compounds, as sodium salts, C4H9NHCS2Na (I), C6H13NHCS2Na (II) and C8H17NHCS2Na (III), were synthesized and examined for inhibition of both cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) from a commercial source of Agaricus bisporus in 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.8, at 293K using UV spectrophotometry. Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were used as natural substrates for the enzyme for the catecholase and cresolase reactions, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed different patterns of mixed and competitive inhibition for catecholase and cresolase reactions, respectively. These new synthetic compounds can be classified as potent inhibitors of MT due to Ki values of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.8 microM for cresolase inhibitory activity, and also 9.4, 14.5 and 28.1 microM for catecholase inhibitory activity for I, II and III, respectively. They showed a greater potency in the inhibitory effect towards the cresolase activity of MT. Both substrate and inhibitor can be bound to the enzyme with negative cooperativity between the binding sites (alpha > 1) and this negative cooperativity increases with increasing length of the aliphatic tail in these compounds. The inhibition mechanism is presumably related to the chelating of the binuclear coppers at the active site and the different Ki values may be related to different interaction of the aliphatic chains of I, II and III with the hydrophobic pocket in the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gheibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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WHITLOCK R, HIPPERSON H, MANNARELLI M, BURKE T. A high-throughput protocol for extracting high-purity genomic DNA from plants and animals. Mol Ecol Resour 2008; 8:736-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2007.02074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Winters AL, Minchin FR, Michaelson-Yeates TPT, Lee MRF, Morris P. Latent and active polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in red clover (Trifolium pratense) and use of a low PPO mutant to study the role of PPO in proteolysis reduction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2817-24. [PMID: 18361497 DOI: 10.1021/jf0726177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in leaf extracts of wild type (WT) red clover and a mutant line expressing greatly reduced levels of PPO (LP red clover) has been characterized. Both latent and active forms of PPO were present, with the latent being the predominant form. PPO enzyme and substrate (phaselic acid) levels fluctuated over a growing season and were not correlated. Protease activation of latent PPO was demonstrated; however, the rate was too low to have an immediate effect following extraction. A novel, more rapid PPO activation mechanism by the enzyme's own substrate was identified. Rates of protein breakdown and amino acid release were significantly higher in LP red clover extracts compared with WT extracts, with 20 versus 6% breakdown of total protein and 1.9 versus 0.4 mg/g FW of free amino acids released over 24 h, respectively. Inclusion of ascorbic acid increased the extent of protein breakdown. Free phenol content decreased during a 24 h incubation of WT red clover extracts, whereas protein-bound phenol increased and high molecular weight protein species were formed. Inhibition of proteolysis occurred during wilting and ensilage of WT compared with LP forage (1.9 vs 5 and 17 vs 21 g/kg of DM free amino acids for 24 h wilted forage and 90 day silage, respectively). This study shows that whereas constitutive red clover PPO occurs predominantly in the latent form, this fraction can contribute to reducing protein breakdown in crude extracts and during ensilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Winters
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, United Kingdom.
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38
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WHITLOCK R, HIPPERSON H, MANNARELLI M, BURKE T. A high-throughput protocol for extracting high-purity genomic DNA from plants and animals. Mol Ecol Resour 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Characterisation by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry of phloroglucinol and 4-methylcatechol oxidation products to study the reactivity of epicatechin in an apple juice model system. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1179:168-81. [PMID: 18093608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the (-)-epicatechin structure towards caffeoylquinic acid o-quinones was studied in an apple juice model solution. The approach consisted in considering separately the reactivities of the two phenolic moieties of an (-)-epicatechin molecule: phloroglucinol and 4-methylcatechol were chosen to represent A- and B-rings, respectively. The oxidation products were characterised by RP-HPLC coupled with electrospray ionisation Mass spectrometry (MS). The reactivities of the A- and B-rings were clearly different on the basis of the oxidation products formed. Both A- and B-rings could be involved in covalent bond formation, but electron transfers only occurred with the B-ring. Most of the (-)-epicatechin oxidation products were linked by A/B-ring linkage ("head-to-tail" intermolecular coupling). After this first dimerisation step, intramolecular reactions seemed to be favoured. Therefore, the complexity of oxidation products in apple juice does not only result from an extensive polymerisation of native phenolic compounds, but also from a multiplicity of small molecules in different oxidation states and isomeric forms.
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40
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Muñoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Varon R, Rodriguez-Lopez JN, García-Ruiz PA, García-Canovas F, Tudela J. Kinetic characterization of the oxidation of chlorogenic acid by polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Characteristics of the o-quinone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:920-8. [PMID: 17263494 DOI: 10.1021/jf062081+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid is the major diphenol of many fruits, where it is oxidized enzymatically by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) or peroxidase (POD) to its o-quinone. In spectrophotometric studies of chlorogenic acid oxidation with a periodate ratio of [CGA]0/[IO4-]0 < 1 and [CGA]0/[IO4-]0 > 1, the o-quinone was characterized as follows: lambda(max) at 400 nm and epsilon = 2000 and 2200 M-1 cm-1 at pH 4.5 and 7.0, respectively. In studies of o-quinone generated by the oxidation of chlorogenic acid using a periodate at ratio of [CGA]0/[IO4-]0 > 1, a reaction with the remaining substrate was detected, showing rate constants of k = 2.73 +/- 0.17 M-1 s-1 and k' = 0.05 +/- 0.01 M-1 s-1 at the above pH values. A chronometric spectrophotometric method is proposed to kinetically characterize the action of the PPO or POD on the basis of measuring the time it takes for a given amount of ascorbic acid to be consumed in the reaction with the o-quinone. The kinetic constants of mushroom PPO and horseradish POD are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz
- GENZ: Grupo de Investigación de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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41
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Torriero AAJ, Salinas E, Marchevsky EJ, Raba J, Silber JJ. Penicillamine determination using a tyrosinase micro-rotating biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 580:136-42. [PMID: 17723765 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase [EC 1.14.18.1], immobilized on a rotating disk, catalyzed the oxidation of catechols to o-benzoquinone, whose back electrochemical reduction was detected on glassy carbon electrode surface at -150mV versus Ag/AgCl/NaCl 3M. Thus, when penicillamine (PA) was added to the solution, this thiol-containing compound participate in Michael type addition reactions with o-benzoquinone to form the corresponding thioquinone derivatives, decreasing the reduction current obtained proportionally to the increase of its concentration. This method could be used for sensitive determination of PA in drug and human synthetic serum samples. A linear range of 0.02-80 microM (r=0.999) was obtained for amperometric determination of PA in buffered pH 7.0 solutions (0.1 M phosphate buffer). The biosensor has a reasonable reproducibility (R.S.D.<4.0%) and a very stable amperometric response toward this compound (more than 1 month).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A J Torriero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
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42
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KAHN VARDA. Effect of Proteins, Protein Hydrolyzates and Amino Acids on o-Dihydroxyphenolase Activity of Polyphenol Oxidase of Mushroom, Avocado, and Banana. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Pati S, Losito I, Palmisano F, Zambonin PG. Characterization of caffeic acid enzymatic oxidation by-products by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1102:184-92. [PMID: 16325827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The products of tyrosinase-catalyzed caffeic acid oxidation at pH 6.5 were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Aliquots of reaction mixtures were withdrawn at different times, varying from 0 to 24 h, and directly analysed by HPLC-ESI-MS and, in the case of 1 and 5 h, by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to obtain structural information on caffeic acid derivatives. In particular, two different classes of caffeic acid dimers were identified: caffeicins-like structures and dimers originated by CC coupling between the benzene rings. Evidences for the presence of trimeric derivatives of caffeic acid were also obtained from MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pati
- Università di Bari, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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44
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Biodegradation in vivo and in vitro of chlorogenic acid by a sunflower-seedling (Helianthus annuus) like-polyphenoloxidase enzyme. Eur Food Res Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-0209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Oxidation of caffeic acid in the presence of l-cysteine: isolation of 2-S-cysteinylcaffeic acid and evaluation of its antioxidant properties. Food Res Int 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Shangari N, Chan TS, O'Brien PJ. Sulfation and glucuronidation of phenols: implications in coenyzme Q metabolism. Methods Enzymol 2005; 400:342-59. [PMID: 16399359 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)00020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Phase II conjugation of phenolic compounds constitutes an important mechanism through which exogenous or endogenous toxins are detoxified and excreted. Species differences in the rates of glucuronidation or sulfation can lead to significant variation in the metabolism of this class of compounds. Conjugation of the hydroxyl groups of phenols can occur with glucuronate or sulfate. Quinone metabolism, deactivation, and detoxification are also affected by the same conjugatory systems as phenols; however, reduction of quinones to hydroquinols seems to be a prerequisite. This work reviews current knowledge on phenol conjugation and its implications on hydroquinone metabolism with special consideration for coenzyme Q metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Shangari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Girelli AM, Mattei E, Messina A, Tarola AM. Inhibition of polyphenol oxidases activity by various dipeptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2741-2745. [PMID: 15137808 DOI: 10.1021/jf0305276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to develop natural and nontoxic inhibitors on the activity of mushroom polyphenol oxidase (PPO) the effect of various glycyl-dipeptides (GlyAsp, GlyGly, GlyHis, GlyLeu, GlyLys, GlyPhe, GlyPro, GlyTyr) was investigated. The inhibition study with dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as substrate is based on separation of the enzymatic reaction components by reversed phase HPLC and the UV detection of the dopachrome formed. The results have evidenced that several of tested dipeptides inhibited PPO activity in the range of 20-40% while GlyPro and GlyLeu had no effect. The study has also permitted the characterization of the following kinetic pattern: a linear-mixed-type mechanism for GlyAsp, GlyGly, GlyLys, and GlyPhe and a hyperbolic-mixed-type for GlyTyr. It was not possible to identify the inhibition mechanism for GlyHis, although it affects PPO activity. In addition the effects of GlyAsp, GlyLys and GlyHis were evaluated for lessening the browning of fresh Golden Delicious apple and Irish White Skinned potato. The effectiveness of such inhibitors was determined by the difference between the colors observed in the dipeptide-treated sample and the controls using the color space CIE-Lab system. The % browning inhibition on potato (20-50%) was greater than of apple (20-30%) by the all tested dipeptides. Only GlyLys presented the significant value of 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Girelli
- Dipartimento Chimica and Dipartimento di Controllo e Gestione delle Merci e del loro Impatto sull'Ambiente, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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YORUK RUHIYE, MARSHALL MAURICER. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND FUNCTION OF PLANT POLYPHENOL OXIDASE: A REVIEW. J Food Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2003.tb00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Es-Safi NE, Cheynier V, Moutounet M. Implication of phenolic reactions in food organoleptic properties. J Food Compost Anal 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-1575(03)00019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Montavon P, Duruz E, Rumo G, Pratz G. Evolution of green coffee protein profiles with maturation and relationship to coffee cup quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:2328-34. [PMID: 12670177 DOI: 10.1021/jf020831j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Coffee flavor is the product of a complex chain of chemical transformations. The green bean has only a faint odor that is not at all reminiscent of coffee aroma. It contains, however, all of the necessary precursors to generate the unmistakable coffee flavor during roasting. The levels and biochemical status of these precursors may vary in relation to genetic traits, environmental factors, maturation level, postharvest treatment, and storage. To improve our understanding of coffee flavor generation, the sensory and biochemical impact of maturation was assessed. Maturation clearly favored the development of high-quality flavor in the coffee brew. A specific subclass of green coffee beans, however, generated high-quality coffee flavor irrespective of maturation. Biochemical aspects were examined using a dynamic system: immature and mature green coffee suspensions were incubated under air or argon. On the analytical side, a specific pool of flavor precursors was monitored: chlorogenic acids, green coffee proteins, and free amino acids. A link between maturation, the redox behavior of green coffee suspensions, and their sensory scores was identified. Compared to ripe beans, unripe beans were found to be more sensitive to oxidation of chlorogenic acids. Aerobic incubation also triggered the fragmentation or digestion of the 11S seed storage protein and the release of free amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Montavon
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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