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Yang Y, Li Y, Du X, Liu Z, Zhu C, Mao W, Liu G, Jiang Q. Anti-Aging Effects of Quercetin in Cladocera Simocephalus vetulus Using Proteomics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17609-17619. [PMID: 37251128 PMCID: PMC10210174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in food and traditional herbs. In this study, we evaluated the anti-aging effects of quercetin on Simocephalus vetulus (S. vetulus) by assessing lifespan and growth parameters and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins and crucial pathways associated with quercetin activity using proteomics. The results demonstrated that, at a concentration of 1 mg/L, quercetin significantly prolonged the average and maximal lifespans of S. vetulus and increased the net reproduction rate slightly. The proteomics-based analysis revealed 156 differently expressed proteins, with 84 being significantly upregulated and 72 significantly downregulated. The protein functions were identified as being associated with glycometabolism, energy metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism pathways, and the key enzyme activity and related gene expression, such that of AMPK, supported the importance of these pathways in the anti-aging activity of quercetin. In addition, quercetin was found to regulate the anti-aging-related proteins Lamin A and Klotho directly. Our results increased the understanding of quercetin's anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Freshwater
Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biological Products, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
- School
of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery
Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School
of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of
Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou
Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
- School
of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biological Products, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Weiping Mao
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biological Products, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater
Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
- The
Low Temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish of Jiangsu
Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm
Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater
Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
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Cash A, Kaufman DL. Oxaloacetate Treatment For Mental And Physical Fatigue In Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long-COVID fatigue patients: a non-randomized controlled clinical trial. J Transl Med 2022; 20:295. [PMID: 35764955 PMCID: PMC9238249 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no approved pharmaceutical intervention for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Fatigue in these patients can last for decades. Long COVID may continue to ME/CFS, and currently, it is estimated that up to 20 million Americans have significant symptoms after COVID, and the most common symptom is fatigue. Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate, (AEO) a nutritional supplement, has been anecdotally reported to relieve physical and mental fatigue and is dimished in ME/CFS patients. Here, we examine the use of higher dosage AEO as a medical food to relieve pathological fatigue. METHODS ME/CFS and Long-COVID patients were enrolled in an open label dose escalating "Proof of Concept" non-randomized controlled clinical trial with 500 mg AEO capsules. Control was provided by a historical ME/CFS fatigue trial and supporting meta-analysis study, which showed average improvement with oral placebo using the Chalder Scale of 5.9% improvement from baseline. At baseline, 73.7% of the ME/CFS patients were women, average age was 47 and length of ME/CFS from diagnosis was 8.9 years. The Long-COVID patients were a random group that responded to social media advertising (Face Book) with symptoms for at least 6 months. ME/CFS patients were given separate doses of 500 mg BID (N = 23), 1,000 mg BID (N = 29) and 1000 mg TID (N = 24) AEO for six weeks. Long COVID patients were given 500 mg AEO BID (N = 22) and 1000 mg AEO (N = 21), again over a six-week period. The main outcome measure was to compare baseline scoring with results at 6 weeks with the Chalder Fatigue Score (Likert Scoring) versus historical placebo. The hypothesis being tested was formulated prior to data collection. RESULTS 76 ME/CFS patients (73.7% women, median age of 47) showed an average reduction in fatigue at 6 weeks as measured by the "Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire" of 22.5% to 27.9% from baseline (P < 0.005) (Likert scoring). Both physical and mental fatigue were significantly improved over baseline and historical placebo. Fatigue amelioration in ME/CFS patients increased in a dose dependent manner from 21.7% for 500 mg BID to 27.6% for 1000 mg Oxaloacetate BID to 33.3% for 1000 mg TID. Long COVID patients' fatigue was significantly reduced by up to 46.8% in 6-weeks. CONCLUSIONS Significant reductions in physical and metal fatigue for ME/CFS and Long-COVID patients were seen after 6 weeks of treatment. As there has been little progress in providing fatigue relief for the millions of ME/CFS and Long COVID patients, anhydrous enol oxaloacetate may bridge this important medical need. Further study of oxaloacetate supplementation for the treatment of ME/CFS and Long COVID is warranted. Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04592354 Registered October 19, 2020. 1,000 mg BID Normalized Fatigue Data for Baseline, 2-weeks and 6-weeks evaluated by 3 Validated Fatigue Scoring Questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Cash
- Terra Biological LLC, 3830 Valley Centre Drive, Ste 705 PMB 561, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Passarella S, Schurr A, Portincasa P. Mitochondrial Transport in Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis: Achievements and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312620. [PMID: 34884425 PMCID: PMC8657705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some metabolic pathways involve two different cell components, for instance, cytosol and mitochondria, with metabolites traffic occurring from cytosol to mitochondria and vice versa, as seen in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. However, the knowledge on the role of mitochondrial transport within these two glucose metabolic pathways remains poorly understood, due to controversial information available in published literature. In what follows, we discuss achievements, knowledge gaps, and perspectives on the role of mitochondrial transport in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. We firstly describe the experimental approaches for quick and easy investigation of mitochondrial transport, with respect to cell metabolic diversity. In addition, we depict the mitochondrial shuttles by which NADH formed in glycolysis is oxidized, the mitochondrial transport of phosphoenolpyruvate in the light of the occurrence of the mitochondrial pyruvate kinase, and the mitochondrial transport and metabolism of L-lactate due to the L-lactate translocators and to the mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase located in the inner mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Passarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3293606374
| | - Avital Schurr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Rovenko BM, Kubrak OI, Gospodaryov DV, Yurkevych IS, Sanz A, Lushchak OV, Lushchak VI. Restriction of glucose and fructose causes mild oxidative stress independently of mitochondrial activity and reactive oxygen species in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 187:27-39. [PMID: 25941153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study showed different effects of glucose and fructose overconsumption on the development of obese phenotypes in Drosophila. Glucose induced glucose toxicity due to the increase in circulating glucose, whereas fructose was more prone to induce obesity promoting accumulation of reserve lipids and carbohydrates (Rovenko et al., Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 2015, 180, 75-85). Searching for mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes in this study, we analyzed mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial density, mtROS production, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense in fruit flies fed 0.25%, 4% and 10% glucose or fructose. It is shown that there is a complex interaction between dietary monosaccharide concentrations, mitochondrial activity and oxidative modifications to proteins and lipids. Glucose at high concentration (10%) reduced mitochondrial protein density and consequently respiration in flies, while fructose did not affect these parameters. The production of ROS by mitochondria did not reflect activities of mitochondrial complexes. Moreover, there was no clear connection between mtROS production and antioxidant defense or between antioxidant defense and developmental survival, shown in our previous study (Rovenko et al., Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 2015, 180, 75-85). Instead, mtROS and antioxidant machinery cooperated to maintain a redox state that determined survival rates, and paradoxically, pro-oxidant conditions facilitated larva survival independently of the type of carbohydrate. It seems that in this complex system glucose controls the amount of oxidative modification regulating mitochondrial activity, while fructose regulates steady-state mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdana M Rovenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Olga I Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Ihor S Yurkevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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Hems R, Stubbs M, Krebs HA. Restricted permeability of rat liver for glutamate and succinate. Biochem J 2010; 107:807-15. [PMID: 16742606 PMCID: PMC1198752 DOI: 10.1042/bj1070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. When rat liver slices were incubated aerobically with [U-(14)C]glutamate the concentration of (14)C within the slices remained lower (about 50%) than in the medium. The maximal concentration of (14)C in the liver was reached within minutes. In rat kidney-cortex slices by contrast, (14)C reached concentrations more than six times those of the medium. 2. In both liver and kidney (14)C appeared in the respiratory CO(2), indicating penetration of glutamate carbon into the mitochondria. In kidney slices the rate of glutamate oxidation per unit weight was about five times that in liver slices. 3. Taking into account the conversion of glutamate into glucose that occurs in the kidney but not in the liver, the flux rates of glutamate through the kidney were calculated to be about 15 times those through the liver when the external glutamate concentration was 5mm. 4. Anaerobically the glutamate concentrations in medium and tissue rapidly became equal in both liver and kidney. Thus the maintenance of concentration gradients depended on the expenditure of energy. 5. [U-(14)C]Succinate behaved similarly to glutamate. [U-(14)C]Serine was taken up more rapidly by the kidney than by the liver slices, but the concentrations reached in the liver did not remain below those of the medium. [(14)C]Urea was distributed evenly between medium and tissue water. 6. Incubation of liver slices with [(3)H]inulin indicated an extracellular space of liver slices of 26%. 7. When glutamate was generated within liver slices or the perfused liver on addition of oxaloacetate, pyruvate and a source of nitrogen, the concentration of glutamate in the tissue after 1hr. was 70-97 times that in the medium. Thus the exit of glutamate from the liver cell, like its entry, is restricted. This is borne out by measurements of the specific activity of extra- and intra-cellular glutamate on addition of [U-(14)C]glutamate medium. 8. Liver homogenates removed added glutamate and dicarboxylic acids 20-30 times as fast as did the perfused liver. 9. It is concluded that a major permeability barrier restricts the entry and exit through the outer liver cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hems
- Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, and Metabolic Research Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford
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Williams DS, Cash A, Hamadani L, Diemer T. Oxaloacetate supplementation increases lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans through an AMPK/FOXO-dependent pathway. Aging Cell 2009; 8:765-8. [PMID: 19793063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced dietary intake increases lifespan in a wide variety of organisms. It also retards disease progression. We tested whether dietary supplementation of citric acid cycle metabolites could mimic this lifespan effect. We report that oxaloacetate supplementation increased lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. The increase was dependent on the transcription factor, FOXO/DAF-16, and the energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase, indicating involvement of a pathway that is also required for lifespan extension through dietary restriction. These results demonstrate that supplementation of the citric acid cycle metabolite, oxaloacetate, influences a longevity pathway, and suggest a tractable means of introducing the health-related benefits of dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Williams
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, UCSD School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92130, USA.
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7
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Villegas-Navarro A, Bustos E, González A, Salazar S, Jiménez Z, Solis JG, Mercado R, González G, Reyes JL, Dieck TA. Effect of myotonia induced by anthracene-9-carboxylic acid on mitochondrial calcium, plasma creatinine-phosphokinase and aldolase activity in the rat. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1992; 44:34-9. [PMID: 1392515 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The frequent association of myotonia with dystrophy and the knowledge that calcium is increased in injured skeletal muscle cells suggest a possible relationship between cell calcium and myotonic alterations. This investigation has been performed to study the role of calcium in experimental myotonia induced by anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC) in rats treated with several regimens of food and exercise. Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each, one control and 3 experimental groups. The treatments included caffeine plus exercise (group 2), and a calcium-rich diet (group 3); these procedures were designed to increase intracellular calcium; another group was treated with 9-AC as a myotonia-inducer (group 4). The treatment for all groups lasted 60 days. No significant differences in plasma sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium between control and experimental groups were observed. Whole muscle calcium in wet tissue samples did no change with any treatment. On the contrary, mitochondrial calcium showed a significantly higher concentration in group 3 and 4. CPK and aldolase activities in groups 1, 2 and 3 were similar; but in group 4 these enzyme activities were significantly higher (p less than 0.05). The electrical and mechanical responses were not altered in any rat with any experimental treatment. Our data suggest that myotonia is a predisposing factor for an altered mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in this model; in addition, the enzyme activities of CPK and aldolase were increased in the rats of group 4 implicating that myotonia is a crucial factor in the development of enzymatic abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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8
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Berry MN, Phillips JW, Grivell AR. Interactions between mitochondria and cytoplasm in isolated hepatocytes. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELLULAR REGULATION 1992; 33:309-28. [PMID: 1499339 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152833-1.50023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Results from a wide variety of metabolic studies have provided indirect support for conclusions derived from enzymological approaches that the enzymes of the so-called soluble cytoplasm (and the mitochondrial matrix) exist within the cell and function in the form of multienzyme complexes and that metabolite channeling takes place between the enzymes of each complex. Our studies support the possibility that the enzymes of glycolysis in liver are segregated from those of gluconeogenesis. Thus, the segregation and aggregation of Krebs cycle enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix, elucidated by Paul Srere, may be an example of a general pattern of enzyme organization pertaining to all metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Berry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide
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9
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Hoke GD, Rush GF, Mirabelli CK. The mechanism of acute cytotoxicity of triethylphosphine gold(I) complexes. III. Chlorotriethylphosphine gold(I)-induced alterations in isolated rat liver mitochondrial function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1989; 99:50-60. [PMID: 2471292 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(89)90110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chlorotriethylphosphine gold(I) (TEPAu) is an organo-gold compound that has therapeutic activity in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Initial studies have suggested that TEPAu is a potent cytotoxic compound in vitro against a variety of cultured cell types and isolated hepatocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by this compound has been suggested as a primary biochemical alteration which may result in lethal cell injury in isolated hepatocytes. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine the mechanism of TEPAu-induced dysfunction of isolated rat liver mitochondria. TEPAu induced a rapid, concentration-related collapse of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (EC50 = 24.7 +/- 2.5 microM) which was potentiated in Ca2+ loaded mitochondria (EC50 = 11.3 +/- 3.8 microM). TEPAu-induced collapse of the membrane potential was partially inhibited in the presence of ruthenium red or EGTA. TEPAu caused the rapid release of mitochondrially sequestered Ca2+ which was not inhibited by ruthenium red and, thus, was not via a reversal of the Ca2+ uniporter. TEPAu caused mitochondrial swelling, increased permeability of the inner membrane, and the oxidation/hydrolysis of endogenous mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides. Addition of exogenous ATP slightly reversed the effects of TEPAu on pyridine nucleotides. TEPAu-induced mitochondrial alterations were reversed or inhibited by exposure to the sulfhydryl reducing agent, dithiothreitol. Also, the TEPAu-induced collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential was partially inhibited by dibucaine, a non-specific inhibitor of phospholipases. These data suggest that TEPAu-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is sulfhydryl dependent. TEPAu-induced mitochondrial dysfunction results in dissipation of the potential difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane which inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanism by which TEPAu induces the collapse of the membrane potential may be mediated by a sulfhydryl-dependent increase in permeability of the inner membrane to protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Hoke
- Smith Kline and French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
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10
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Abstract
The effects of oxalate on kidney mitochondria were evaluated in vitro to test whether oxalate exposure leads to derangement(s) in mitochondrial function that could in turn promote the formation of kidney stones. Our previous studies demonstrated that oxalate is transported across the mitochondrial membrane via the dicarboxylate carrier. The present studies indicated that oxalate competitively inhibits the uptake and oxidation of exogenous malate and succinate in isolated mitochondria but has no effect on mitochondrial respiration in the presence of a mixture of glutamate plus malate or glutamate plus pyruvate. Oxalate attenuates the increase in mitochondrial respiration produced by the uncoupler CCCP or by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, and the latter effect is more pronounced in kidney than in liver mitochondria. The apparent Ki of oxalate for the response to Ca2+ ionophore is 1.9 +/- 0.3 mM in kidney and 6.1 +/- 0.2 mM in liver mitochondria. Similarly, the ability of oxalate to attenuate calcium-induced swelling of mitochondria is more dramatic in kidney than in liver mitochondria (apparent KiS of 1.7 +/- 0.1 and 18.2 +/- 0.7 mM, respectively). Oxalate has no effect on the rate of calcium uptake by energized mitochondria or on the rate of ruthenium red-insensitive calcium efflux from mitochondria in either tissue. The above findings indicate that oxalate interacts with the inner mitochondrial membrane or with processes controlling membrane integrity to a greater extent in kidney than liver mitochondria. The effects of oxalate on membrane permeability or integrity may be more important than its effects on mitochondrial energy production or calcium sequestration in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate microlith formation in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Strzelecki
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655
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11
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Mechanism of alterations in isolated rat liver mitochondrial function induced by gold complexes of bidentate phosphines. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Aiello RJ, Armentano LE. Gluconeogenesis in goat hepatocytes is affected by calcium, ammonia and other key metabolites but not primarily through cytosolic redox state. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 88:193-201. [PMID: 2960481 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(87)90100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Gluconeogenesis from propionate and lactate was studied in caprine hepatocytes. 2. Reducing cytosol with additions of ETOH, ammonium, or lactate decreased [2-14C]propionate conversion to glucose. 3. Calcium oxidized the cytosol and increased gluconeogenesis from propionate by 198% and from lactate by 220%. 4. Cells isolated from lactating does and wethers differed quantitatively in propionate conversion to glucose and response to calcium. 5. Acetoacetate decreased and 3-OH-butyrate slightly increased glucose production from propionate. 6. Neither ketone body had any significant effect on gluconeogenesis from lactate. 7. Results reported herein suggest gluconeogenesis from propionate is not limited by lack of cytosolic reducing equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Aiello
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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13
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14
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Johnson JD, Creighton DJ, Lambert MR. Stereochemistry and function of oxaloacetate keto-enol tautomerase. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Lê-Quôc K, Lê-Quôc D. Control of the mitochondrial inner membrane permeability by sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1982; 216:639-51. [PMID: 7114855 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(82)90254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Palmieri F, Stipani I, Iacobazzi V. The transport of L-cysteinesulfinate in rat liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 555:531-46. [PMID: 486467 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(79)90407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1. The mechanism of L-cysteinesulfinate permeation into rat liver mitochondria has been investigated. 2. Mitochondria do not swell in ammonium or potassium salts of L-cysteinesulfinate in all the conditions tested, including the presence of valinomycin and/or carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. 3. The activation of malate oxidation by L-cysteinesulfinate is abolished by aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of the intramitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, it is not inhibited by high concentrations of carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (in contrast to the oxidation of malate plus glutamate) and it is decreased on lowering the pH of the medium. 4. All the aspartate formed during the oxidation of malate plus L-cysteinesulfinate is exported into the extramitochondrial space. 5. Homocysteinesulfinate, cysteate and homocysteate, which are all good substrates of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, are unable to activate the oxidation of malate. Homocysteinesulfinate and homocysteate have no inhibitory effect on the L-cysteinesulfinate-induced respiration, whereas cysteate inhibits it competitively with respect to L-cysteinesulfinate. 6. In contrast to D-aspartate, D-cysteinesulfinate and D-glutamate, L-aspartate inhibits the oxidation of malate plus L-cysteinesulfinate in a competitive way with respect to L-cysteinesulfinate. Vice versa, L-cysteinesulfinate inhibits the influx of L-aspartate. 7. Externally added L-cysteinesulfinate elicits efflux of intramitochondrial L-aspartate or L-glutamate. The cysteinesulfinate analogues homocysteinesulfinate, cysteate and homocysteate and the D-stereoisomers of cysteinesulfinate, aspartate and glutamate do not cause a significant release of internal glutamate or aspartate, indicating a high degree of specificity of the exchange reactions. External L-cysteinesulfinate does not cause efflux of intramitochondrial Pi, malate, malonate, citrate, oxoglutarate, pyruvate or ADP. The L-cysteinesulfinate-aspartate and L-cysteinesulfinate-glutamate exchanges are inhibited by glisoxepide and by known substrates of the glutamate-aspartate carrier. 8. The exchange between external L-cysteinesulfinate and intramitochondrial glutamate is accompanied by translocation of protons across the mitochondrial membrane in the same direction as glutamate. The L-cysteinesulfinate-aspartate exchange, on the other hand, is not accompanied by H+ translocation. 9. The ratios delta H+/delta glutamate, delta L-cysteinesulfinate/delta glutamate and delta L-cysteinesulfinate/delta aspartate are close to unity. 10. It is concluded that L-cysteinesulfinate is transported by the glutamate-aspartate carrier of rat liver mitochondria. The present data suggest that the dissociated form of L-cysteinesulfinate exchanges with H+-compensated glutamate or with negatively charged aspartate.
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Baverel G, Bonnard M, D'Armagnac de Castanet E, Pellet M. Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in isolated renal tubules of normal dogs. Kidney Int 1978; 14:567-75. [PMID: 748668 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1978.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of lactate and pyruvate (1 and 5 mM in each case) metabolism was studied in isolated dog renal tubules. Utilization of these two substrates and the production of glucose, pyruvate, or lactate, and alanine were determined. The rates of lactate and pyruvate utilization and of glucose production were constant during 60 min of incubation. Glucose production from pyruvate was less than that from lactate. Addition of albumin to the incubation medium greatly inhibited lactate and pyruvate utilization at both substrate concentrations. It stimulated, however, glucose production from 1 mM, but not 5 mM, lactate or pyruvate. These effects were found to be due to the presence of fatty acids in the albumin solution used. In the absence of fatty acids, glucose production represented 35 to 40% of lactate uptake, but represented less than 20% of pyruvate uptake. Fatty acids markedly enhanced the percentage of transformation of lactate and pyruvate into glucose, and that of pyruvate into lactate. Alanine represented 20% or less of lactate and pyruvate uptake. These results suggest that fatty acids have a regulatory influence on lactate and pyruvate dog kidney metabolism.
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Saggerson ED. A study of regulation of gluconeogenesis and the supply of cytosolic reducing equivalents for lactate formation in rat kidney-cortical-tubule fragments incubated with pyruvate. Biochem J 1978; 174:131-42. [PMID: 212019 PMCID: PMC1185893 DOI: 10.1042/bj1740131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Tubule fragments were isolated after treatment of rat kidney cortex with collagenase. The formation of glucose and lactate on incubation with 5mM-pyruvate was then measured under various conditions. 2. When tubule fragments were isolated from fed rats in the absence of Ca2+ and then incubated with various Ca2+ concentrations, an incubation period of 15--30 min was necessary to establish a metabolic steady state. Under these conditions glucose formation was increased by Ca2+, adrenaline or 3':5'-cyclic AMP to a greater extent than was lactate formation. Data show that appreciable lactate formation could not have resulted from glycolytic metabolism of glucose formed by gluconeogenesis during incubation. 3. When tubule fragments were isolated from fed rats in the presence of 1.27 mM-Ca2+ and adjustments made to the Ca2+ concentration at the commencement of incubation, metabolic steady state was rapidly established. Under these conditions lactate formation was almost insensitive to Ca2+ concentration (0.16--4.5 mM), whereas glucose formation varied with Ca2+ concentration in a sigmoidal manner. 3':5'-Cyclic AMP decreased this sigmoidicity. 4. Ca2+ depletion of the tissue before incubation appeared to change permanently the relationship between extracellular Ca2+ concentration and the measured rates of metabolic processes. 5. Under conditions of metabolic steady state, glucose formation by tubule fragments from fed rats was less sensitive than lactate formation to inhibition by 3-mercaptopicolinate or 2-n-butylmalonate. Lactate formation by tubule fragments prepared from 48 h-starved rats was more sensitive to these inhibitors. 6. Estimates were made of the rate of futile cycling of C3 species through pyruvate kinase. This was greater in the starved than in the fed state, was decreased by 3':5'-cyclic AMP in both the fed and the starved state, but was unaffected by Ca2+. 7. These results suggested that formation of lactate and glucose is less tightly linked in kidney cortex than in liver. A considerable amount of the supply of reducing equivalents for lactate formation did not appear to be associated with an energy-dependent translocation from mitochondria to cytosol involving a pyruvate leads to oxaloacetate leads to phosphoenolpyruvate leads to pyruvate cycle.
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Stepien G, Debise R, Durand R. Inhibition by pyruvate of pig heart mitochondrial glutamate influx. FEBS Lett 1978; 85:321-5. [PMID: 620812 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Passarella S, Palmieri F, Quagliariello E. The transport of oxaloacetate in isolated mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 180:160-8. [PMID: 856040 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Passarella S, Quagliariello E. The citric cycle intermediates transport in rat liver mitochondria. Biochimie 1976; 58:989-1001. [PMID: 990338 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(76)80287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Inhibition of gluconeogenesis and lactate formation from pyruvate by N6, O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)81843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Diplock AT. Metabolic aspects of selenium action and toxicity. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY 1976; 4:271-329. [PMID: 770077 DOI: 10.1080/10408447609164016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Pye VI, Wieser W, Zech M. The effect of season and experimental temperature on the rates of oxidative phosphorylation of liver and muscle mitochondria from the tench. Tinca tinca. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 54:13-20. [PMID: 1269227 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Cittadini A, Bossi D, Longhi G, Terranova T. Energy metabolism of isolated rat thymus cells. Mol Cell Biochem 1975; 8:49-57. [PMID: 241010 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The energy metabolism of rat thymus cells has been investigated using preparations of isolated cells obtained by mechanical treatment of whole organs. The addition of glycolytic substrates such as glucose, pyruvate and lactate stimulates the endogenous respiration of these cells by 50%. On the other hand, succinate, glutamate and malate do not produce any effect. Oligomycin (10 mug/ml) inhibits both endogenous and glucose stimulated respiration by about 40%; 2, 4-DNP (50 muM) increases by 100% glucose induced respiration. The results obtained by using mitochondrial and glycolytic inhibitors as well as aminoxyacetic acid (AOA) and following pyridine nucleotides redox changes, support the idea that in thymus cells glucose is able to induce a great enhancement of O2 consumption both by raising the level of endogenous pyruvate and feeding the mitochondrial respiratory chain with cytosolic reducing equivalents, through an active malate-aspartate shuttle. Thymus cells exhibit a high Pasteur effect (74%). Both AOA and 2,4 DNP are able to stimulate aerobic lactate accumulation by 200% and 100% respectively, indicating that either the redox or phosphate potential do influence the rate of aerobic glycolysis in isolated thymus cells. Similar experiments are also reported on other cells with well known biochemical characteristics.
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Hillar M, Lott V, Lennox B. Correlation of the effects of citric acid cycle metabolites on succinate oxidation by rat liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. JOURNAL OF BIOENERGETICS 1975; 7:1-16. [PMID: 1176438 DOI: 10.1007/bf01558459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Succinate dehydrogenase is inhibited by citrate and beta-hydroxy-butyrate in a complex manner, both in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Kinetics of inhibition in the particles points to a competitive component in the mechanism involved. 2. Pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, and glutamate stimulate oxidation of succinate by mitochondria. 3. Stimulation by alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate is not influenced by the presence of rotenone. 4. Stimulation by pyruvate is higher in the absence of rotenone and increases significantly in the presence of K+ and valinomycin. Pyruvate supplies in mitochondria reducing equivalents for malate dehydrogenase operating in the reverse direction-reduction of oxaloacetate to malate. 5. Stimulation by malate is higher in the presence of rotenone.
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Schurek HJ, Brecht JP, Lohfert H, Hierholzer K. The basic requirements for the function of the isolated cell free perfused rat kidney. Pflugers Arch 1975; 354:349-65. [PMID: 1167686 DOI: 10.1007/bf00587852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have attempt to define experimental conditions which would overcome or minimize some of the well known functional limitations of isolated single pass kidney preparations. Rat kidneys were perfused with a Krebs-Henseleit solution containing the gelatine derivative Haemaccel as colloid. Perfusion was initiated in situ via the mesenteric artery. Arterial flow rate was measured continuously from the very onset of perfusion. Effective perfusion pressure was recorded distal to the perfusion capillary in the aorta. Aliquots of the venous effluate and of an arterial bypass solution were drawn through an O-2 electrode for the calculation of Q-o-2. First it was shown that the often observed initial vasoconstriction of the preparation which occurs immediately after cannulation of the kidney can be eliminated by rapid disconnection of the autonomic nerve supply. A more delayed gradual increase of renal resistance, which we observed after 30 min could be prevented by using sterile perfusion solutions. Using glucose as the only substrate fuel, fractional Na-reabsorption decreased to 65% 3 hrs after the onset of perfusion (T Na equals 27.3 muEq/g with min). When a substrate enriched sterile solution was used containing pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate, and glutamate, Na conservation of the isolated kidney could be maintained at a higher level. Fractional Na-reabsorption levelled off and was still 88% after 3 hrs (T Na equals 64.4 muEq/g with min). The results demonstrate that the transport function of the isolated kidney preparation critically depends on the supply with substrate hydrogen. Thus, the present system meets the basic requirements necessary for further micropuncture evaluation of renal function under the condition of isolated single pass perfusion.
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Meijer AJ, Van Dam K. The metabolic significance of anion transport in mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 346:213-44. [PMID: 4613381 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(74)90001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Vetterlein D, Cassman M. Different expressions of cooperativity in the kinetics of two forms of cytoplasmic malic dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 1974; 13:3243-50. [PMID: 4366944 DOI: 10.1021/bi00713a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Transfer of reducing equivalents across the mitochondrial membrane I. Hydrogen transfer mechanisms involved in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate in isolated liver cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1974; 333:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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32
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Biochemistry and Physiology. Blood 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-595705-2.50012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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33
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Yeh YY, Johnson RM. Vitamin E deficiency in the rat. IV. Alteration in mitochondrial membrane and its relation to respiratory decline. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Brunton CJ, Palmer JM. Pathways for the oxidation of malate and reduced pyridine nucleotide by wheat mitochondria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 39:283-91. [PMID: 4358822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Cederbaum AI, Lieber CS, Beattie DS, Rubin E. Characterization of shuttle mechanisms for the transport of reducing equivalents into mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 158:763-81. [PMID: 4782532 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Perkins M, Haslam JM, Linnane AW. Biogenesis of mitochondria. The effects of physiological and genetic manipulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the mitochondrial transport systems for tricarboxylate-cycle anions. Biochem J 1973; 134:923-34. [PMID: 4587072 PMCID: PMC1177901 DOI: 10.1042/bj1340923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. Kinetic and equilibrium parameters for the uptake of l-malate, succinate, citrate and alpha-oxoglutarate by fully functional mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were determined. 2. The uptake of l-malate and succinate is mediated by a common carrier, and two other distinct carriers mediate the uptake of citrate and alpha-oxoglutarate. 3. The properties of the carrier systems for l-malate, succinate and citrate closely resemble those of mammalian mitochondria, but the alpha-oxoglutarate carrier differs from the mammalian system in minor respects. 4. The composition of the yeast mitochondria was extensively manipulated by (a) anaerobiosis, (b) catabolite repression, (c) inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis and (d) elimination of mitochondrial DNA by mutation. 5. The carrier systems for l-malate, succinate, citrate and alpha-oxoglutarate are essentially similar in the five different types of mitochondria. 6. It is concluded that all the protein components of the carrier systems for l-malate, succinate, citrate and alpha-oxoglutarate are coded by nuclear genes and synthesized extramitochondrially by cell-sap ribosomes.
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Jefferson LS, Robertson JW, Tolman EL. Effects of Hypophysectomy on Lactate Metabolism in the Perfused Rat Liver. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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38
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Schaefer PC, Veneziale CM. Regulation of pyruvate metabolism in rat-liver mitochondria by K + and P i . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 35:18-22. [PMID: 4713241 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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39
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Gimpel JA, de Haan EJ, Tager JM. Permeability of isolated mitochondria to oxaloacetate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 292:582-91. [PMID: 4145178 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Douce R, Bonner WD. Oxalacetate control of Krebs cycle oxidations in purified plant mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 47:619-24. [PMID: 4338934 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Margreth A, Salviati G, Di Mauro S, Turati G. Early biochemical consequences of denervation in fast and slow skeletal muscles and their relationship to neural control over muscle differentiation. Biochem J 1972; 126:1099-110. [PMID: 4262959 PMCID: PMC1178532 DOI: 10.1042/bj1261099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. One week after denervation several biochemical characteristics of the fast extensor digitorum longus and slow soleus muscles from adult rats were investigated and compared with the characteristics of the corresponding unoperated contralateral muscles. 2. After these short periods of denervation-induced atrophy, the isolated myosins showed unchanged ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activities, but there was the expected difference between fast and slow muscle. 3. The specific activities of several soluble enzymes and their characteristic patterns were found to be only slightly modified in both the extensor and soleus muscles after denervation, as were most of the activities measured in the isolated mitochondria. 4. The most significant modifications were in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum, and appeared to be specific to either slow or fast muscle. 5. Denervation of slow muscle led to a marked increase of Ca(2+)-transport rates, and of the specific activity of the Mg(2+)-activated K(+)-modulated Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase, together with changes in the polyacrylamide-electrophoretic profiles of the microsomal membrane protein. Transformation of these several properties of slow muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum to those of fast muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was further substantiated by electron-microscopic analysis after negative staining. Control experiments with tenotomized soleus muscle gave negative results. 6. The isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum from fast muscle showed a slight diminution of ATPase-linked Ca(2+)-transport activity and a selective increase of rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity, in addition to a greater emphasis on slow-type electrophoretic components of the structural membrane protein. 7. The significance of these results in relation to specific differentiating influences from motor nerves is discussed.
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Ylikahri RH, Hassinen I, Kähönen MT. Effect of a transaminase inhibitor on the transport of cytosolic reducing equivalents into mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 44:150-6. [PMID: 4330044 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(71)80171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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47
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Bohnensack R, Kunz W. [Investigation of the penetration of oxaloacetate into rat liver mitochondria]. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 226:33-41. [PMID: 4323696 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(71)90175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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49
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Young JM. The mitochondrial oxidation of quinol monophosphates. Biochem J 1970; 118:719-31. [PMID: 5476716 PMCID: PMC1179280 DOI: 10.1042/bj1180719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. Mitochondria from ox heart and rat liver catalysed a slow cyanide-sensitive oxidation of 2,3-dimethylnaphthaquinol monophosphate, duroquinol monophosphate, menadiol 1-phosphate and menadiol 4-phosphate. 2. The release of P(i) was concomitant with oxygen uptake. 3. The oxidation was somewhat stimulated by Ca(2+) and P(i), and weakly inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. 4. The quinol monophosphates effected a rapid reduction of free cytochrome c, and consequently addition of cytochrome c greatly increased the rate of the mitochondrial oxidation of 2,3-dimethylnaphthaquinol monophosphate. 5. This quinol phosphate interacts with the electron-transport chain at the level of cytochrome c. 6. Polylysine promoted an interaction between 2,3-dimethylnaphthaquinol monophosphate and cytochrome oxidase. Thus, although polylysine blocks mitochondrial oxidations via reduced cytochrome c, the oxidation of the quinol phosphate was strongly stimulated. 7. This stimulation was most effective in the most intact mitochondrial preparations and was inhibited by ADP and by P(i). 8. The implications of these results for factors limiting the rate of quinol phosphate oxidation, the mode of action of stimulators and the mechanism of P(i) formation are discussed.
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Beyer RE, MacDonald JE. Inhibition of respiration in submitochondrial particles by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1970; 137:38-50. [PMID: 4314056 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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