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Moraly J, Kondo T, Benzaoui M, DuSold J, Talluri S, Pouzolles MC, Chien C, Dardalhon V, Taylor N. Metabolic dialogues: regulators of chimeric antigen receptor T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1695-1718. [PMID: 38922759 PMCID: PMC11223614 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of relapsed/refractory melanoma and hematological malignancies, respectively. These treatments have marked a pivotal shift in cancer management. However, as "living drugs," their effectiveness is dependent on their ability to proliferate and persist in patients. Recent studies indicate that the mechanisms regulating these crucial functions, as well as the T cell's differentiation state, are conditioned by metabolic shifts and the distinct utilization of metabolic pathways. These metabolic shifts, conditioned by nutrient availability as well as cell surface expression of metabolite transporters, are coupled to signaling pathways and the epigenetic landscape of the cell, modulating transcriptional, translational, and post-translational profiles. In this review, we discuss the processes underlying the metabolic remodeling of activated T cells, the impact of a tumor metabolic environment on T cell function, and potential metabolic-based strategies to enhance T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josquin Moraly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Taisuke Kondo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Mehdi Benzaoui
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Justyn DuSold
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Sohan Talluri
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Marie C. Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Christopher Chien
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
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2
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Laketa D, Lavrnja I. Extracellular Purine Metabolism-Potential Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9. [PMID: 38499905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system comprises a complex network of extracellular purines and purine-metabolizing ectoenzymes, nucleotide and nucleoside receptors, ATP release channels, and nucleoside transporters. Because of its immunomodulatory function, this system is critically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its best-characterized animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease with autoimmune etiology and great heterogeneity, mostly affecting young adults and leading to permanent disability. In MS/EAE, alterations were detected in almost all components of the purinergic signaling system in both peripheral immune cells and central nervous system (CNS) glial cells, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. A decrease in extracellular ATP levels and an increase in its downstream metabolites, particularly adenosine and inosine, were frequently observed at MS, indicating a shift in metabolism toward an anti-inflammatory environment. Accordingly, upregulation of the major ectonucleotidase tandem CD39/CD73 was detected in the blood cells and CNS of relapsing-remitting MS patients. Based on the postulated role of A2A receptors in the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation, the association of variants of the adenosine deaminase gene with the severity of MS, and the beneficial effects of inosine treatment in EAE, the adenosinergic system emerged as a promising target in neuroinflammation. More recently, several publications have identified ADP-dependent P2Y12 receptors and the major extracellular ADP producing enzyme nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) as novel potential targets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Laketa
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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3
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Stepanova M, Aherne CM. Adenosine in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:381. [PMID: 38474346 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
At the intestinal front, several lines of defense are in place to resist infection and injury, the mucus layer, gut microbiome and strong epithelial junctions, to name a few. Their collaboration creates a resilient barrier. In intestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), barrier function is compromised, which results in rampant inflammation and tissue injury. In response to the destruction, the intestinal epithelium releases adenosine, a small but powerful nucleoside that functions as an alarm signal. Amidst the chaos of inflammation, adenosine aims to restore order. Within the scope of its effects is the ability to regulate intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. This review aims to define the contributions of adenosine to mucus production, microbiome-dependent barrier protection, tight junction dynamics, chloride secretion and acid-base balance to reinforce its importance in the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Stepanova
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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4
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Salcman B, Bahri R, West PW, Tontini C, Affleck K, Bulfone-Paus S. P2X7 Receptor-Induced Human Mast Cell Degranulation Is Enhanced by Interleukin 33. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1730. [PMID: 38339008 PMCID: PMC10855801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MCs are tissue-resident immune cells that strategically reside in barrier organs and respond effectively to a wide range of stimuli, such as IL-33, a mediator released upon epithelial damage. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates at sites of tissue injury and is known to modulate MC activities. This study investigated how an inflammatory tissue environment rich in IL-33 modulates the ATP-mediated activation of MCs. Human primary MCs primed with IL-33 displayed a strongly increased response to ATP but not ADP. This resulted in increased degranulation, IL-8 release, and pERK1/2 signalling. Such effects are unique to IL-33 stimulation and not shared by the epithelial alarmin, TSLP. MC exposure to IL-33 also increased membrane expression of purinergic and ATP-binding P2X receptors. The use of selective P2X receptor inhibitors identified P2X7 receptor as the key mediator of the enhanced ATP-induced ERK1/2 signalling and degranulation in IL-33-primed MCs. Whilst the inhibition of P2X1 and P2X4 receptors had no effect on MC degranulation, inhibiting these receptors together with P2X7 resulted in further decreased MC-mediated degranulation. These data therefore point toward the potential mechanisms by which IL-33 contributes to the modulation of ATP-mediated activation in human MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Salcman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (B.S.); (R.B.); (P.W.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (B.S.); (R.B.); (P.W.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Peter W. West
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (B.S.); (R.B.); (P.W.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (B.S.); (R.B.); (P.W.W.); (C.T.)
| | | | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (B.S.); (R.B.); (P.W.W.); (C.T.)
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5
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Sperber HS, Raymond KA, Bouzidi MS, Ma T, Valdebenito S, Eugenin EA, Roan NR, Deeks SG, Winning S, Fandrey J, Schwarzer R, Pillai SK. The hypoxia-regulated ectonucleotidase CD73 is a host determinant of HIV latency. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113285. [PMID: 37910505 PMCID: PMC10838153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms underlying viral persistence is critical to achieving a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we implement a systems approach to discover molecular signatures of HIV latently infected CD4+ T cells, identifying the immunosuppressive, adenosine-producing ectonucleotidase CD73 as a key surface marker of latent cells. Hypoxic conditioning, reflecting the lymphoid tissue microenvironment, increases the frequency of CD73+ CD4+ T cells and promotes HIV latency. Transcriptomic profiles of CD73+ CD4+ T cells favor viral quiescence, immune evasion, and cell survival. CD73+ CD4+ T cells are capable of harboring a functional HIV reservoir and reinitiating productive infection ex vivo. CD73 or adenosine receptor blockade facilitates latent HIV reactivation in vitro, mechanistically linking adenosine signaling to viral quiescence. Finally, tissue imaging of lymph nodes from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy reveals spatial association between CD73 expression and HIV persistence in vivo. Our findings warrant development of HIV-cure strategies targeting the hypoxia-CD73-adenosine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Sperber
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Free University of Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; University Hospital Essen, Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Kyle A Raymond
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Bouzidi
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tongcui Ma
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nadia R Roan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Winning
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Physiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Physiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- University Hospital Essen, Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany.
| | - Satish K Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Adenosine in cancer immunotherapy: Taking off on a new plane. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189005. [PMID: 37913941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As a new pillar of cancer therapy, tumor immunotherapy has brought irreplaceable durable responses in tumors. Considering its low response rate, additional immune regulatory mechanisms will be critical for the development of next-generation immune therapeutics. As a key regulatory mechanism, adenosine (ADO) protects tissues from excessive immune responses, but as a metabolite highly concentrated in tumor microenvironments, extracellular adenosine acts on adenosine receptors (mainly A2A receptors) expressed on MDSCs, Tregs, NK cells, effector T cells, DCs, and macrophages to promote tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting the immune response. Amounting preclinical studies have demonstrated the adenosine pathway as a novel checkpoint for immunotherapy. Large number of adenosine pathway targeting clinical trials are now underway, including antibodies against CD39 and CD73 as well as A2A receptor inhibitors. There has been evidence of antitumor efficacy of these inhibitors in early clinical trials among a variety of tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, etc. As more clinical trial results are published, the combination of blockade of this pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted drugs, traditional chemotherapy medications, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy will provide cancer patients with better clinical outcomes. We would elaborate on the role of CD39-CD73-A2AR pathway in the contribution of tumor microenvironment and the targeting of the adenosinergic pathway for cancer therapy in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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7
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Benson MD, Eisman AS, Tahir UA, Katz DH, Deng S, Ngo D, Robbins JM, Hofmann A, Shi X, Zheng S, Keyes M, Yu Z, Gao Y, Farrell L, Shen D, Chen ZZ, Cruz DE, Sims M, Correa A, Tracy RP, Durda P, Taylor KD, Liu Y, Johnson WC, Guo X, Yao J, Chen YDI, Manichaikul AW, Jain D, Yang Q, Bouchard C, Sarzynski MA, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Wang TJ, Wilson JG, Clish CB, Sarkar IN, Natarajan P, Gerszten RE. Protein-metabolite association studies identify novel proteomic determinants of metabolite levels in human plasma. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1646-1660.e3. [PMID: 37582364 PMCID: PMC11118091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Although many novel gene-metabolite and gene-protein associations have been identified using high-throughput biochemical profiling, systematic studies that leverage human genetics to illuminate causal relationships between circulating proteins and metabolites are lacking. Here, we performed protein-metabolite association studies in 3,626 plasma samples from three human cohorts. We detected 171,800 significant protein-metabolite pairwise correlations between 1,265 proteins and 365 metabolites, including established relationships in metabolic and signaling pathways such as the protein thyroxine-binding globulin and the metabolite thyroxine, as well as thousands of new findings. In Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, we identified putative causal protein-to-metabolite associations. We experimentally validated top MR associations in proof-of-concept plasma metabolomics studies in three murine knockout strains of key protein regulators. These analyses identified previously unrecognized associations between bioactive proteins and metabolites in human plasma. We provide publicly available data to be leveraged for studies in human metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron S Eisman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alissa Hofmann
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Keyes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Yu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Laurie Farrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongxiao Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Cruz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomic Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Indra Neil Sarkar
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Saffioti NA, Alvarez CL, Bazzi Z, Gentilini MV, Gondolesi GE, Schwarzbaum PJ, Schachter J. Dynamic recycling of extracellular ATP in human epithelial intestinal cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011196. [PMID: 37384797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells play important roles in the absorption of nutrients, secretion of electrolytes and food digestion. The function of these cells is strongly influenced by purinergic signalling activated by extracellular ATP (eATP) and other nucleotides. The activity of several ecto-enzymes determines the dynamic regulation of eATP. In pathological contexts, eATP may act as a danger signal controlling a variety of purinergic responses aimed at defending the organism from pathogens present in the intestinal lumen. In this study, we characterized the dynamics of eATP on polarised and non-polarised Caco-2 cells. eATP was quantified by luminometry using the luciferin-luciferase reaction. Results show that non-polarized Caco-2 cells triggered a strong but transient release of intracellular ATP after hypotonic stimuli, leading to low micromolar eATP accumulation. Subsequent eATP hydrolysis mainly determined eATP decay, though this effect could be counterbalanced by eATP synthesis by ecto-kinases kinetically characterized in this study. In polarized Caco-2 cells, eATP showed a faster turnover at the apical vs the basolateral side. To quantify the extent to which different processes contribute to eATP regulation, we created a data-driven mathematical model of the metabolism of extracellular nucleotides. Model simulations showed that eATP recycling by ecto-AK is more efficient a low micromolar eADP concentrations and is favored by the low eADPase activity of Caco-2 cells. Simulations also indicated that a transient eATP increase could be observed upon the addition of non-adenine nucleotides due the high ecto-NDPK activity in these cells. Model parameters showed that ecto-kinases are asymmetrically distributed upon polarization, with the apical side having activity levels generally greater in comparison with the basolateral side or the non-polarized cells. Finally, experiments using human intestinal epithelial cells confirmed the presence of functional ecto-kinases promoting eATP synthesis. The adaptive value of eATP regulation and purinergic signalling in the intestine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Andres Saffioti
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cora Lilia Alvarez
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zaher Bazzi
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Gentilini
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario, Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTyB, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro), Laboratorio de Inmunología asociada al Trasplante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Eduardo Gondolesi
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario, Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTyB, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro), Laboratorio de Inmunología asociada al Trasplante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Julio Schwarzbaum
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Schachter
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Noronha-Matos JB, Pinto-Cardoso R, Bessa-Andrês C, Magalhães-Cardoso MT, Ferreirinha F, Costa MA, Marinhas J, Freitas R, Lemos R, Vilaça A, Oliveira A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Correia-de-Sá P. Silencing NTPDase3 activity rehabilitates the osteogenic commitment of post-menopausal stem cell bone progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:97. [PMID: 37076930 PMCID: PMC10116749 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenously released adenine and uracil nucleotides favour the osteogenic commitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) through the activation of ATP-sensitive P2X7 and UDP-sensitive P2Y6 receptors. Yet, these nucleotides have their osteogenic potential compromised in post-menopausal (Pm) women due to overexpression of nucleotide metabolizing enzymes, namely NTPDase3. This prompted us to investigate whether NTPDase3 gene silencing or inhibition of its enzymatic activity could rehabilitate the osteogenic potential of Pm BM-MSCs. METHODS MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of Pm women (69 ± 2 years old) and younger female controls (22 ± 4 years old). The cells were allowed to grow for 35 days in an osteogenic-inducing medium in either the absence or the presence of NTPDase3 inhibitors (PSB 06126 and hN3-B3s antibody); pre-treatment with a lentiviral short hairpin RNA (Lenti-shRNA) was used to silence the NTPDase3 gene expression. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to monitor protein cell densities. The osteogenic commitment of BM-MSCs was assessed by increases in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The amount of the osteogenic transcription factor Osterix and the alizarin red-stained bone nodule formation. ATP was measured with the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence assay. The kinetics of the extracellular ATP (100 µM) and UDP (100 µM) catabolism was assessed by HPLC RESULTS: The extracellular catabolism of ATP and UDP was faster in BM-MSCs from Pm women compared to younger females. The immunoreactivity against NTPDase3 increased 5.6-fold in BM-MSCs from Pm women vs. younger females. Selective inhibition or transient NTPDase3 gene silencing increased the extracellular accumulation of adenine and uracil nucleotides in cultured Pm BM-MSCs. Downregulation of NTPDase3 expression or activity rehabilitated the osteogenic commitment of Pm BM-MSCs measured as increases in ALP activity, Osterix protein cellular content and bone nodule formation; blockage of P2X7 and P2Y6 purinoceptors prevented this effect. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that NTPDase3 overexpression in BM-MSCs may be a clinical surrogate of the osteogenic differentiation impairment in Pm women. Thus, besides P2X7 and P2Y6 receptors activation, targeting NTPDase3 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to increase bone mass and reduce the osteoporotic risk of fractures in Pm women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Magalhães-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Marinhas
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia - Espinho, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rolando Freitas
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia - Espinho, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rui Lemos
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia - Espinho, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Adélio Vilaça
- Serviço de Ortopedia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Oliveira
- Serviço de Ortopedia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, University Laval, 2325, rue de l'Université Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, University Laval, 2325, rue de l'Université Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Mills CM, Benton TZ, Piña I, Francis MJ, Reyes L, Dolloff NG, Peterson YK, Woster PM. Stimulation of natural killer cells with small molecule inhibitors of CD38 for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2168-2182. [PMID: 36845935 PMCID: PMC9945084 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Refractory disease for high-risk NB patients is attributed to chemotherapy resistance and immunotherapy failure. The poor prognosis for high-risk NB patients demonstrates an unmet medical need for the development of new, more efficacious therapeutics. CD38 is an immunomodulating protein that is expressed constitutively on natural killer (NK) cells and other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, CD38 over expression is implicated in propagating an immunosuppressive milieu within the TME. Through virtual and physical screening, we have identified drug-like small molecule inhibitors of CD38 with low micromolar IC50 values. We have begun to explore structure activity relationships for CD38 inhibition through derivatization of our most effective hit molecule to develop a new compound with lead-like physicochemical properties and improved potency. We have demonstrated that our derivatized inhibitor, compound 2, elicits immunomodulatory effects in NK cells by increasing cell viability by 190 ± 36% in multiple donors and by significantly increasing interferon gamma. Additionally, we have illustrated that NK cells exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity toward NB cells (14% reduction of NB cells over 90 minutes) when given a combination treatment of our inhibitor and the immunocytokine ch14.18-IL2. Herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of small molecule CD38 inhibitors and demonstrate their potential utility as a novel approach to NB immunotherapy. These compounds represent the first examples of small molecules that stimulate immune function for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Mills
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Thomas Z Benton
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Ivett Piña
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Megan J Francis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Nathan G Dolloff
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
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11
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Kang C, Liu L, Wu C, Li L, Jia X, Xie W, Chen S, Wu X, Zheng H, Liu J, Li R, Zeng B. The adenosinergic machinery in cancer: In-tandem insights from basic mechanisms to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111369. [PMID: 36911717 PMCID: PMC9995374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine (eADO) signaling has emerged as an increasingly important regulator of immune responses, including tumor immunity. eADO is mainly produced from extracellular ATP (eATP) hydrolysis. eATP is rapidly accumulated in the extracellular space following cell death or cellular stress triggered by hypoxia, nutrient starvation, or inflammation. eATP plays a pro-inflammatory role by binding and activating the P2 purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y), while eADO has been reported in many studies to mediate immunosuppression by activating the P1 purinergic receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) in diverse immune cells. Consequently, the hydrolysis of eATP to eADO alters the immunosurveillance in the tumor microenvironment (TME) not only by reducing eATP levels but also by enhancing adenosine receptor signaling. The effects of both P1 and P2 purinergic receptors are not restricted to immune cells. Here we review the most up-to-date understanding of the tumor adenosinergic system in all cell types, including immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells in TME. The potential novel directions of future adenosinergic therapies in immuno-oncology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifei Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyu Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wendi Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaxiao Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongsong Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Qian S, Xiong C, Wang M, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Hu Q, Ding H, Han X, Shang H, Jiang Y. CD38+CD39+ NK cells associate with HIV disease progression and negatively regulate T cell proliferation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946871. [PMID: 36268017 PMCID: PMC9577302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39 have a critical regulatory effect on tumors and viral infections via the adenosine axis. Natural killer (NK) cells produce cytokines, induce cytotoxic responses against viral infection, and acquire immunoregulatory properties. However, the roles of CD38 and CD39 expressed NK cells in HIV disease require elucidation. Our study showed that the proportions of CD38+CD39+ NK cells in HIV-infected individuals were positively associated with HIV viral loads and negatively associated with the CD4+ T cell count. Furthermore, CD38+CD39+ NK cells expressed additional inhibitory receptors, TIM-3 and LAG-3, and produced more TGF-β. Moreover, autologous NK cells suppressed the proliferation of CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals, and inhibiting CD38 and CD39 on NK cells restored CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, these data support a critical role for CD38 and CD39 on NK cells in HIV infection and targeting CD38 and CD39 on NK cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qian
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunbin Xiong
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiting Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Shang, ; Yongjun Jiang,
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Shang, ; Yongjun Jiang,
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13
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Moritz CEJ, Vieira AF, de Melo-Marins D, Figueiró F, Battastini AMO, Reischak-Oliveira A. Effects of physical exercise on the functionality of human nucleotidases: A systematic review. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15464. [PMID: 36117383 PMCID: PMC9483616 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotidases contribute to the regulation of inflammation, coagulation, and cardiovascular activity. Exercise promotes biological adaptations, but its effects on nucleotidase activities and expression are unclear. The objective of this study was to review systematically the effects of exercise on nucleotidase functionality in healthy and unhealthy subjects. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify, randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, uncontrolled clinical trials, quasi-experimental, pre-, and post-interventional studies that evaluated the effects of exercise on nucleotidases in humans, and was not limited by language and date. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias. Of the 203 articles identified, 12 were included in this review. Eight studies reported that acute exercise, in healthy and unhealthy subjects, elevated the activities or expression of nucleotidases. Four studies evaluated the effects of chronic training on nucleotidase activities in the platelets and lymphocytes of patients with metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension and found a decrease in nucleotidase activities in these conditions. Acute and chronic exercise was able to modify the blood plasma and serum levels of nucleotides and nucleosides. Our results suggest that short- and long-term exercise modulate nucleotidase functionality. As such, purinergic signaling may represent a novel molecular adaptation in inflammatory, thrombotic, and vascular responses to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra Ferreira Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denise de Melo-Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento do Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento do Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Zhou D, Yao M, Zhang L, Chen Y, He J, Zhang Y, Xu H, Zhou P, Zhong W, Yao Z, Zhou J. Adenosine Alleviates Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Enhancing the Immunosuppressive Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Newborns. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:401-411. [PMID: 35777852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common disorder in premature infants that is characterized by hyperinflammation and severe necrosis in the intestine. The pathogenesis of NEC remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine, a metabolite more abundant in infants than in adults, plays an important role in the prevention of NEC. Administration of adenosine or its analog, adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), dramatically relieved the severity of NEC in neonatal mice. Meanwhile, adenosine treatment significantly enhanced the immunosuppressive function, antibacterial activity, and migration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, depletion of MDSCs or inhibition of their migration using the CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002 almost completely abrogated the protective effect of adenosine on NEC. Mechanistic studies showed that MDSCs in newborns expressed abundant adenosine receptor A2B (A2BR) that elicits intracellular cAMP signaling and its downstream target NF-κB. Importantly, intestinal tissues from patients with NEC showed significantly lower infiltration of A2BR-positive MDSCs than those from healthy donors. These observations revealed that adenosine-induced MDSCs represent an essential immune axis for intestinal homeostasis in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Meng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Juan He
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Haixu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Pan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Wei Zhong
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
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15
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NT5E gene and CD38 protein as potential prognostic biomarkers for childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:211-222. [PMID: 35235138 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk stratification of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is based on clinical and biological factors. However, B-ALL has significant biological and clinical heterogeneity and 50% of B-ALL patients do not have defined prognostic markers. In this sense, the identification of new prognostic biomarkers is necessary. Considering different cohorts of childhood B-ALL patients, gene (DPP4/CD38/ENTPD1/NT5E) and protein (CD38/CD39/CD73) expressions of ectonucleotidases were analyzed in silico and ex vivo and the association with prognosis was established. In univariate analyses, expression of NT5E was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) in bone marrow (BM) samples. In multivariate analyses, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and log-rank test, higher NT5E expression predicted unfavorable PFS in BM samples. Considering minimal residual disease (MRD), higher levels of cellularity were associated with the high NT5E expression at day 8 of induction therapy. In addition, we observed that white blood cells (WBC) of childhood B-ALL patients had more CD38 compared to the same cell population of healthy donors (HD). In fact, MRD > 0.1% patients had higher CD38 protein expression on WBC in comparison to HD. Noteworthy, we observed higher CD38 expression on WBC than blasts in MRD > 0.1% patients. We suggest that NT5E gene and CD38 protein expression, of the ectonucleotidases family, could provide interesting prognostic biomarkers for childhood B-ALL.
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16
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Benton TZ, Mills CM, Turner JM, Francis MJ, Solomon DJ, Burger PB, Peterson YK, Dolloff NG, Bachmann AS, Woster PM. Selective targeting of CD38 hydrolase and cyclase activity as an approach to immunostimulation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33260-33270. [PMID: 35497564 PMCID: PMC9042253 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoenzyme CD38 is highly expressed on the surface of mature immune cells, where they are a marker for cell activation, and also on the surface of multiple tumor cells such as multiple myeloma (MM). CD38-targeted monoclonal antibodies (MABs) such as daratumumab and isatuximab bind to CD38 and promote cancer cell death by stimulating the antitumor immune response. Although MABs are achieving unprecedented success in a percentage of cases, high rates of resistance limit their efficacy. Formation of the immunosuppressive intermediate adenosine is a major route by which this resistance is mediated. Thus there is an urgent need for small molecule agents that boost the immune response in T-cells. Importantly, CD38 is a dual-function enzyme, serving as a hydrolase and a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cyclase, and both of these activities promote immunosuppression. We have employed virtual and physical screening to identify novel compounds that are selective for either the hydrolase or the cyclase activity of CD38, and have demonstrated that these compounds activate T cells in vitro. We are currently optimizing these inhibitors for use in immunotherapy. These small molecule inhibitors of the CD38-hydrolase or cyclase activity can serve as chemical probes to determine the mechanism by which CD38 promotes resistance to MAB therapy, and could become novel and effective therapeutic agents that produce immunostimulatory effects. Our studies have identified the first small molecule inhibitors of CD38 specifically for use as immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Z Benton
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Catherine M Mills
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Jonathan M Turner
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Megan J Francis
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Dalan J Solomon
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Pieter B Burger
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - Nathan G Dolloff
- Dept of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston SC 29425 USA
| | - André S Bachmann
- Dept of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University 400 Monroe Ave. NW Grand Rapids MI 49503 USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina 70 President St Charleston SC 29425 USA
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Odumade OA, Plotkin AL, Pak J, Idoko OT, Pettengill MA, Kollmann TR, Ozonoff A, Kampmann B, Levy O, Smolen KK. Plasma Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)-1 and -2 Demonstrate Robust Ontogeny Across the First Four Months of Human Life. Front Immunol 2021; 12:578700. [PMID: 34122398 PMCID: PMC8190399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.578700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenosine deaminases (ADAs) modulate the immune response: ADA1 via metabolizing adenosine, a purine metabolite that inhibits pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokine production, and the multi-functional ADA2, by enhancing T-cell proliferation and monocyte differentiation. Newborns are relatively deficient in ADA1 resulting in elevated plasma adenosine concentrations and a Th2/anti-inflammatory bias compared to adults. Despite the growing recognition of the role of ADAs in immune regulation, little is known about the ontogeny of ADA concentrations. Methods In a subgroup of the EPIC002-study, clinical data and plasma samples were collected from 540 Gambian infants at four time-points: day of birth; first week of life; one month of age; and four months of age. Concentrations of total extracellular ADA, ADA1, and ADA2 were measured by chromogenic assay and evaluated in relation to clinical data. Plasma cytokines/chemokine were measured across the first week of life and correlated to ADA concentrations. Results ADA2 demonstrated a steady rise across the first months of life, while ADA1 concentration significantly decreased 0.79-fold across the first week then increased 1.4-fold by four months of life. Males demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of ADA2 (1.1-fold) than females at four months; newborns with early-term (37 to <39 weeks) and late-term (≥41 weeks) gestational age demonstrated significantly higher ADA1 at birth (1.1-fold), and those born to mothers with advanced maternal age (≥35 years) had lower plasma concentrations of ADA2 at one month (0.93-fold). Plasma ADA1 concentrations were positively correlated with plasma CXCL8 during the first week of life, while ADA2 concentrations correlated positively with TNFα, IFNγ and CXCL10, and negatively with IL-6 and CXCL8. Conclusions The ratio of plasma ADA2/ADA1 concentration increased during the first week of life, after which both ADA1 and ADA2 increased across the first four months of life suggesting a gradual development of Th1/Th2 balanced immunity. Furthermore, ADA1 and ADA2 were positively correlated with cytokines/chemokines during the first week of life. Overall, ADA isoforms demonstrate robust ontogeny in newborns and infants but further mechanistic studies are needed to clarify their roles in early life immune development and the correlations with sex, gestational age, and maternal age that were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludare A. Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alec L. Plotkin
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jensen Pak
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olubukola T. Idoko
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Pettengill
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Wujak M, Kozakiewicz A, Ciarkowska A, Loch JI, Barwiolek M, Sokolowska Z, Budny M, Wojtczak A. Assessing the Interactions of Statins with Human Adenylate Kinase Isoenzyme 1: Fluorescence and Enzyme Kinetic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115541. [PMID: 34073952 PMCID: PMC8197361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are the most effective cholesterol-lowering drugs. They also exert many pleiotropic effects, including anti-cancer and cardio- and neuro-protective. Numerous nano-sized drug delivery systems were developed to enhance the therapeutic potential of statins. Studies on possible interactions between statins and human proteins could provide a deeper insight into the pleiotropic and adverse effects of these drugs. Adenylate kinase (AK) was found to regulate HDL endocytosis, cellular metabolism, cardiovascular function and neurodegeneration. In this work, we investigated interactions between human adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (hAK1) and atorvastatin (AVS), fluvastatin (FVS), pravastatin (PVS), rosuvastatin (RVS) and simvastatin (SVS) with fluorescence spectroscopy. The tested statins quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of hAK1 by creating stable hAK1-statin complexes with the binding constants of the order of 104 M−1. The enzyme kinetic studies revealed that statins inhibited hAK1 with significantly different efficiencies, in a noncompetitive manner. Simvastatin inhibited hAK1 with the highest yield comparable to that reported for diadenosine pentaphosphate, the only known hAK1 inhibitor. The determined AK sensitivity to statins differed markedly between short and long type AKs, suggesting an essential role of the LID domain in the AK inhibition. Our studies might open new horizons for the development of new modulators of short type AKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wujak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-56-611-4511
| | - Anna Ciarkowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Joanna I. Loch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Barwiolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Zuzanna Sokolowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Marcin Budny
- Synthex Technologies Sp. z o.o., Gagarina 7/134B, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
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Moritz CEJ, Boeno FP, Vieira AF, Munhoz SV, Scholl JN, de Fraga Dias A, Pizzato PR, Figueiró F, Battastini AMO, Reischak-Oliveira A. Acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise promotes purinergic and inflammatory responses in sedentary, overweight and physically active subjects. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1024-1037. [PMID: 33624912 DOI: 10.1113/ep089263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDING What is the central question of this study? How does moderate-intensity aerobic exercise affect the behaviour of purinergic enzymes in sedentary, overweight and physically active subjects? What is the relationship between purinergic and inflammatory responses triggered by exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise modifies the activity of purinergic enzymes and the levels of nucleotides and nucleosides. These results are similar in subjects with different biological characteristics. 5'-Nucleotidase activity and adenosine levels are associated with inflammatory responses. This study suggests that a purinergic pathway is related to the inflammatory responses triggered by exercise. ABSTRACT Purinergic signalling is a mechanism of extracellular communication that modulates events related to exercise, such as inflammation and coagulation. Herein, we evaluated the effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the activities of purinergic enzymes and plasma levels of adenine nucleotides in individuals with distinct metabolic characteristics. We analysed the relationship between purinergic parameters, inflammatory responses and cardiometabolic markers. Twenty-four healthy males were assigned to three groups: normal weight sedentary (n = 8), overweight sedentary (n = 8) and normal weight physically active (n = 8). The volunteers performed an acute session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 70% of V ̇ O 2 peak ; blood samples were drawn at baseline, immediately post-exercise and at 1 h post-exercise. Immediately post-exercise, all subjects showed increases in ATP, ADP, AMP and p-nitrophenyl thymidine 5'-monophosphate hydrolysis, while AMP hydrolysis remained increased at 1 h after exercise. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated lower levels of ATP and ADP at post- and 1 h post-exercise in all groups. Conversely, adenosine and inosine levels increased at post-exercise, but only adenosine remained augmented at 1 h after exercise in all groups. With regard to inflammatory responses, the exercise protocol increased tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) concentrations in all subjects, but only TNF-α remained elevated at 1 h after exercise. Significant correlations were found between the activity of 5'-nucleotidase, adenosine levels, V ̇ O 2 peak , triglyceride, TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Our findings suggest a purinergic signalling pathway that participates, at least partially, in the inflammatory responses triggered by acute moderate-intensity exercise. The response of soluble nucleotidases to acute moderate exercise appears to be similar between subjects of different biological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Franccesco Pinto Boeno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ferreira Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samuel Vargas Munhoz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológica: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Fraga Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológica: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pauline Rafaela Pizzato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológica: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológica: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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20
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Fernandez-Ruiz D, de Menezes MN, Holz LE, Ghilas S, Heath WR, Beattie L. Harnessing liver-resident memory T cells for protection against malaria. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:127-141. [PMID: 33501877 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1881485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are powerful mediators of protracted adaptive immunity to infection in peripheral organs. Harnessing TRM cells through vaccination hence promises unprecedented potential for protection against infection. A paramount example of this is malaria, a major infectious disease for which immunity through traditional vaccination strategies remains challenging. Liver TRM cells appear to be highly protective against malaria, and recent developments in our knowledge of the biology of these cells have defined promising, novel strategies for their induction. AREAS COVERED Here, we describe the path that led to the discovery of TRM cells and discuss the importance of liver TRM cells in immunity against Plasmodium spp. infection; we summarize current knowledge on TRM cell biology and discuss the current state and potential of TRM-based vaccination against malaria. EXPERT OPINION TRM based vaccination has emerged as a promising means to achieve efficient protection against malaria. Recent advances provide a solid basis for continuing the development of this area of research. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms that mediate TRM formation and maintenance and identification of immunogenic and protective target epitopes suitable for human vaccination remain the main challenges for translation of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,Vic, Australia
| | - Maria N de Menezes
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lauren E Holz
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,Vic, Australia
| | - Sonia Ghilas
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,Vic, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,Vic, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Dept. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,Vic, Australia
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21
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Yegutkin GG. Adenosine metabolism in the vascular system. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114373. [PMID: 33340515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of extracellular purinergic signaling was first proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s. Since then, extracellular ATP and its metabolites ADP and adenosine have attracted an enormous amount of attention in terms of their involvement in a wide range of immunomodulatory, thromboregulatory, angiogenic, vasoactive and other pathophysiological activities in different organs and tissues, including the vascular system. In addition to significant progress in understanding the properties of nucleotide- and adenosine-selective receptors, recent studies have begun to uncover the complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing the duration and magnitude of the purinergic signaling cascade. This knowledge has led to the development of new paradigms in understanding the entire purinome by taking into account the multitude of signaling and metabolic pathways involved in biological effects of ATP and adenosine and compartmentalization of the adenosine system. Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions. In this review I provide an overview of key enzymes involved in adenosine metabolic network, with special emphasis on the emerging roles of purine-converting ectoenzymes as novel targets for cancer and vascular therapies.
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22
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Extracellular ATP: A Feasible Target for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112496. [PMID: 33212982 PMCID: PMC7698494 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression depending on its concentration and on the specific ecto-nucleotidases and receptors expressed by immune and cancer cells. ATP can be released from cells via both specific and nonspecific pathways. A non-regulated release occurs from dying and damaged cells, whereas active release involves exocytotic granules, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and membrane channels (connexin hemichannels, pannexin 1 (PANX1), calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) and maxi-anion channels (MACs)). Extracellular ATP acts at P2 purinergic receptors, among which P2X7R is a key mediator of the final ATP-dependent biological effects. Over the years, P2 receptor- or ecto-nucleotidase-targeting for cancer therapy has been proposed and actively investigated, while comparatively fewer studies have explored the suitability of TME ATP as a target. In this review, we briefly summarize the available evidence suggesting that TME ATP has a central role in determining tumor fate and is, therefore, a suitable target for cancer therapy.
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23
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Cekic C. Modulation of myeloid cells by adenosine signaling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:134-145. [PMID: 33022543 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, metabolic activity, cell death and immune responses influence the adenosine concentrations in the extracellular space. Cellular responses to hypoxia and inflammation in myeloid cells promote activation of adenosine sensing circuit, which involves increased expression of ectoenzymes that converts phospho-nucleotides such as ATP to adenosine and increased expression of G protein-coupled adenosine receptors. Adenosine sensing circuitry also involves feedforward signaling, which leads to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1 and feedback signaling, which leads to the suppression of inflammatory transcription factor, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. In this review we will discuss how different subsets of myeloid cells sense adenosine accumulation and how adenosine sensing by myeloid cells influence progression of different immune-related conditions including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cekic
- Bilkent University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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24
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Allard B, Allard D, Buisseret L, Stagg J. The adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:611-629. [PMID: 32514148 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy based on immune-checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer care. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from such treatments. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the development of 'next-generation' therapeutics in immuno-oncology, with inhibitors of extracellular adenosine (eADO) signalling constituting an expanding class of agents. Induced by tissue hypoxia, inflammation, tissue repair and specific oncogenic pathways, the adenosinergic axis is a broadly immunosuppressive pathway that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inhibition of eADO-generating enzymes and/or eADO receptors can promote antitumour immunity through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of T cell and natural killer cell function, suppression of the pro-tumourigenic effects of myeloid cells and other immunoregulatory cells, and promotion of antigen presentation. With several clinical trials currently evaluating inhibitors of the eADO pathway in patients with cancer, we herein review the pathophysiological function of eADO with a focus on effects on antitumour immunity. We also discuss the treatment opportunities, potential limitations and biomarker-based strategies related to adenosine-targeted therapy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Stagg
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Naquet P, Kerr EW, Vickers SD, Leonardi R. Regulation of coenzyme A levels by degradation: the 'Ins and Outs'. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101028. [PMID: 32234503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is the predominant acyl carrier in mammalian cells and a cofactor that plays a key role in energy and lipid metabolism. CoA and its thioesters (acyl-CoAs) regulate a multitude of metabolic processes at different levels: as substrates, allosteric modulators, and via post-translational modification of histones and other non-histone proteins. Evidence is emerging that synthesis and degradation of CoA are regulated in a manner that enables metabolic flexibility in different subcellular compartments. Degradation of CoA occurs through distinct intra- and extracellular pathways that rely on the activity of specific hydrolases. The pantetheinase enzymes specifically hydrolyze pantetheine to cysteamine and pantothenate, the last step in the extracellular degradation pathway for CoA. This reaction releases pantothenate in the bloodstream, making this CoA precursor available for cellular uptake and de novo CoA synthesis. Intracellular degradation of CoA depends on specific mitochondrial and peroxisomal Nudix hydrolases. These enzymes are also active against a subset of acyl-CoAs and play a key role in the regulation of subcellular (acyl-)CoA pools and CoA-dependent metabolic reactions. The evidence currently available indicates that the extracellular and intracellular (acyl-)CoA degradation pathways are regulated in a coordinated and opposite manner by the nutritional state and maximize the changes in the total intracellular CoA levels that support the metabolic switch between fed and fasted states in organs like the liver. The objective of this review is to update the contribution of these pathways to the regulation of metabolism, physiology and pathology and to highlight the many questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Schuyler D Vickers
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America.
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Braganhol E, Wink MR, Lenz G, Battastini AMO. Purinergic Signaling in Glioma Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:87-108. [PMID: 32034710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the pathological alterations that give tumor cells invasive potential, purinergic signaling is emerging as an important component. Studies performed in in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo glioma models indicate that alterations in the purinergic signaling are involved in the progression of these tumors. Gliomas have low expression of all E-NTPDases, when compared to astrocytes in culture. Nucleotides induce glioma proliferation and ATP, although potentially neurotoxic, does not evoke cytotoxic action on the majority of glioma cells in culture. The importance of extracellular ATP for glioma pathobiology was confirmed by the reduction in glioma tumor size by apyrase, which degrades extracellular ATP to AMP, and the striking increase in tumor size by over-expression of an ecto-enzyme that degrades ATP to ADP, suggesting the effect of extracellular ATP on the tumor growth depends on the nucleotide produced by its degradation. The participation of purinergic receptors on glioma progression, particularly P2X7, is involved in the resistance to ATP-induced cell death. Although more studies are necessary, the purinergic signaling, including ectonucleotidases and receptors, may be considered as future target for glioma pharmacological or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizandra Braganhol
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão S/N Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, CEP 96010900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica, IB e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Av. Bento Goncalves, Porto Alegre, 61501970, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2600-anexo Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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Soslau G. Extracellular adenine compounds within the cardiovascular system: Their source, metabolism and function. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Morandi F, Airoldi I, Marimpietri D, Bracci C, Faini AC, Gramignoli R. CD38, a Receptor with Multifunctional Activities: From Modulatory Functions on Regulatory Cell Subsets and Extracellular Vesicles, to a Target for Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2019; 8:E1527. [PMID: 31783629 PMCID: PMC6953043 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional cell surface protein endowed with receptor/enzymatic functions. The protein is generally expressed at low/intermediate levels on hematological tissues and some solid tumors, scoring the highest levels on plasma cells (PC) and PC-derived neoplasia. CD38 was originally described as a receptor expressed by activated cells, mainly T lymphocytes, wherein it also regulates cell adhesion and cooperates in signal transduction mediated by major receptor complexes. Furthermore, CD38 metabolizes extracellular NAD+, generating ADPR and cyclic ADPR. This ecto-enzyme controls extra-cellular nucleotide homeostasis and intra-cellular calcium fluxes, stressing its relevance in multiple physiopathological conditions (infection, tumorigenesis and aging). In clinics, CD38 was adopted as a cell activation marker and in the diagnostic/staging of leukemias. Quantitative surface CD38 expression by multiple myeloma (MM) cells was the basic criterion used for therapeutic application of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Anti-CD38 mAbs-mediated PC depletion in autoimmunity and organ transplants is currently under investigation. This review analyzes different aspects of CD38's role in regulatory cell populations and how these effects are obtained. Characterizing CD38 functional properties may widen the extension of therapeutic applications for anti-CD38 mAbs. The availability of therapeutic mAbs with different effects on CD38 enzymatic functions may be rapidly translated to immunotherapeutic strategies of cell immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (I.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (I.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (I.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Cristiano Bracci
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.B.); (A.C.F.)
- CeRMS, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Corso Faini
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.B.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Giuliani AL, Sarti AC, Di Virgilio F. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides as signalling molecules. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:16-24. [PMID: 30439478 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides, mainly ATP, but also ADP, UTP, UDP and UDP-sugars, adenosine, and adenine base participate in the "purinergic signalling" pathway, an ubiquitous system of cell-to-cell communication. Fundamental pathophysiological processes such as tissue homeostasis, wound healing, neurodegeneration, immunity, inflammation and cancer are modulated by purinergic signalling. Nucleotides can be released from cells via unspecific or specific mechanisms. A non-regulated nucleotide release can occur from damaged or dying cells, whereas exocytotic granules, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, membrane channels (connexins, pannexins, calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM) channels and P2X7 receptor) or specific ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the controlled release. Four families of specific receptors, i.e. nucleotide P2X and P2Y receptors, adenosine P1 receptors, and the adenine-selective P0 receptor, and several ecto- nucleotidases are essential components of the "purinergic signalling" pathway. Thanks to the activity of ecto-nucleotidases, ATP (and possibly other nucleotides) are degraded into additional messenger molecules with specific action. The final biological effects depend on the type and amount of released nucleotides, their modification by ecto-nucleotidases, and their possible cellular re-uptake. Overall, these processes confer a remarkable level of selectivity and plasticity to purinergic signalling that makes this network one of the most relevant extracellular messenger systems in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy.
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Roszek K, Wujak M. How to influence the mesenchymal stem cells fate? Emerging role of ectoenzymes metabolizing nucleotides. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:320-334. [PMID: 30078187 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purines, principally adenosine triphosphate and adenosine, are among the oldest evolutionary and widespread chemical messengers. The integrative view of purinergic signaling as a multistage coordinated cascade involves the participation of nucleotides/nucleosides, their receptors, enzymes metabolizing extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides as well as several membrane transporters taking part in the release and/or uptake of these molecules. In view of the emerging data, it is evident and widely accepted that an extensive network of diverse enzymatic activities exists in the extracellular space. The enzymes regulate the availability of nucleotide and adenosine receptor agonists, and consequently, the course of signaling events. The current data indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cells induced to differentiate exhibit different sensitivity to purinergic ligands as well as a distinct activity and expression profiles of ectonucleotidases than mature cells. In the proposed review, we postulate for a critical role of these enzymatic players which, by orchestrating a fine-tune regulation of nucleotides concentrations, are integrally involved in modulation and diversification of purinergic signals. This specific hallmark of the MSC purinome should be linked with cell-specific biological potential and capacity for tissue regeneration. We anticipate this publication to be a starting point for scientific discussion and novel approach to the in vitro and in vivo regulation of the MSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Roszek
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Ferrero E, Faini AC, Malavasi F. A phylogenetic view of the leukocyte ectonucleotidases. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:51-58. [PMID: 29958894 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte ectonucleotidases are a recently defined family included in the last Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens Workshop, giving prominence to these membrane proteins whose catalytic activity is expressed outside the cell. Among the most important substrates of the leukocyte ectonucleotidases are extracellular ATP and NAD+ whose transient increases are not immunologically silent but rather perceived as danger signals by the host. Among the host responses to the release of ATP, NAD+ and related small molecules is their breakdown on behalf of a panel of leukocyte ectonucleotidases - CD38, CD39, CD73, CD157, CD203a and CD203c -, whose activities are concatenated to form two nucleotide-catabolizing channels defined as the canonical and non-canonical adenosinergic pathways. Here, after briefly reviewing the structure and function of the proteins involved in these pathwys, we focus on the genes encoding the ectoenzymes of these adenosinergic pathways. The chromosomal localizations of the enzyme-encoding genes yield a first level of information concerning their origins by duplication and modes of regulation. Further information was obtained from phylogenetic analyses that show ectoenzyme orthologs are conserved in major tetrapod species whereas examination of synteny conservation revealed that the chromosomal regions harboring the ADP-ribosyl cyclases on human chromosome 4 and the ENTPDase CD39 on chromosome 10 show striking similarities in gene content consistent with their being paralogous chromosomal regions derived from a vertebrate whole genome duplication. Thus the connections between some of the leukocyte ectoenzymes run deeper than previously imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Ferrero
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Angelo C Faini
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Pacher P, Haskó G. Adenosine signaling and the immune system: When a lot could be too much. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:9-15. [PMID: 29702147 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is increasingly recognized as a key mediator of the immune response. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. These receptors, expressed virtually on all immune cells, modulate all aspects of immune/inflammatory responses. These immunoregulatory effects, which are mostly anti-inflammatory, contribute to the general tissue protective effects of adenosine and its receptors. In some instances, however, the effect of adenosine on the immune system is deleterious, as prolonged adenosine signaling can hinder anti-tumor and antibacterial immunity, thereby promoting cancer development and progression and sepsis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Canonical and non-canonical adenosinergic pathways. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:25-30. [PMID: 29550257 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) is an immunosuppressive molecule with multiple functions in different human organs. ADO is released through the concerted action of surface molecules endowed with enzymatic functions, that belong to two different adenosinergic pathways. The canonical pathway is started by CD39, that converts ATP to AMP. On the other hand, the non-canonical pathway metabolizes NAD+ to ADPR, through the action of CD38. The latter byproduct is then converted to AMP by CD203a/PC-1. Both pathways converge to CD73, that fully degrades AMP to the final product ADO. In this Review we take into account the most relevant finding regarding the expression of ectoenzymes belonging to both adenosinergic pathways in different cell types, including regulatory cell subsets and neoplastic cells. Moreover, we summarize the role of these molecules in different physiological and pathological settings. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic application of specific inhibitors of ectoenzymes and/or ADO receptors.
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Cardouat G, Duparc T, Fried S, Perret B, Najib S, Martinez LO. Ectopic adenine nucleotide translocase activity controls extracellular ADP levels and regulates the F 1-ATPase-mediated HDL endocytosis pathway on hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:832-841. [PMID: 28504211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-F1-ATPase is a complex related to mitochondrial ATP synthase which has been identified as a plasma membrane receptor for apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and has been shown to contribute to HDL endocytosis in several cell types. On hepatocytes, apoA-I binding to ecto-F1-ATPase stimulates extracellular ATP hydrolysis into ADP, which subsequently activates a P2Y13-mediated HDL endocytosis pathway. Interestingly, other mitochondrial proteins have been found to be expressed at the plasma membrane of several cell types. Among these, adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) is an ADP/ATP carrier but its role in controlling extracellular ADP levels and F1-ATPase-mediated HDL endocytosis has never been investigated. Here we confirmed the presence of ANT at the plasma membrane of human hepatocytes. We then showed that ecto-ANT activity increases or reduces extracellular ADP level, depending on the extracellular ADP/ATP ratio. Interestingly, ecto-ANT co-localized with ecto-F1-ATPase at the hepatocyte plasma membrane and pharmacological inhibition of ecto-ANT activity increased extracellular ADP level when ecto-F1-ATPase was activated by apoA-I. This increase in the bioavailability of extracellular ADP accordingly translated into an increase of HDL endocytosis on human hepatocytes. This study thus uncovered a new location and function of ANT for which activity at the cell surface of hepatocytes modulates the concentration of extracellular ADP and regulates HDL endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cardouat
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1048, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - T Duparc
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1048, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - S Fried
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1048, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - B Perret
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1048, Toulouse 31000, France; Service de Biochimie, Pôle biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S Najib
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1048, Toulouse 31000, France.
| | - L O Martinez
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1048, Toulouse 31000, France.
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Boyd-Tressler AM, Lane GS, Dubyak GR. Up-regulated Ectonucleotidases in Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein- and Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1-Deficient Jurkat Leukemia Cells Counteract Extracellular ATP/AMP Accumulation via Pannexin-1 Channels during Chemotherapeutic Drug-Induced Apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:30-47. [PMID: 28461585 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels mediate the efflux of ATP and AMP from cancer cells in response to induction of extrinsic apoptosis by death receptors or intrinsic apoptosis by chemotherapeutic agents. We previously described the accumulation of extracellular ATP /AMP during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in Jurkat human leukemia cells. In this study, we compared how different signaling pathways determine extracellular nucleotide pools in control Jurkat cells versus Jurkat lines that lack the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) or receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) cell death regulatory proteins. Tumor necrosis factor-α induced extrinsic apoptosis in control Jurkat cells and necroptosis in FADD-deficient cells; treatment of both lines with chemotherapeutic drugs elicited similar intrinsic apoptosis. Robust extracellular ATP/AMP accumulation was observed in the FADD-deficient cells during necroptosis, but not during apoptotic activation of Panx1 channels. Accumulation of extracellular ATP/AMP was similarly absent in RIP1-deficient Jurkat cells during apoptotic responses to chemotherapeutic agents. Apoptotic activation triggered equivalent proteolytic gating of Panx1 channels in all three Jurkat cell lines. The differences in extracellular ATP/AMP accumulation correlated with cell-line-specific expression of ectonucleotidases that metabolized the released ATP/AMP. CD73 mRNA, and αβ-methylene-ADP-inhibitable ecto-AMPase activity were elevated in the FADD-deficient cells. In contrast, the RIP1-deficient cells were defined by increased expression of tartrate-sensitive prostatic acid phosphatase as a broadly acting ectonucleotidase. Thus, extracellular nucleotide accumulation during regulated tumor cell death involves interplay between ATP/AMP efflux pathways and different cell-autonomous ectonucleotidases. Differential expression of particular ectonucleotidases in tumor cell variants will determine whether chemotherapy-induced activation of Panx1 channels drives accumulation of immunostimulatory ATP versus immunosuppressive adenosine within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Boyd-Tressler
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.L., G.R.D.), Department of Pharmacology (A.M.B.-T., G.R.D.), and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.R.D.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Graham S Lane
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.L., G.R.D.), Department of Pharmacology (A.M.B.-T., G.R.D.), and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.R.D.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.L., G.R.D.), Department of Pharmacology (A.M.B.-T., G.R.D.), and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.R.D.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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36
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Wujak M, Hetmann A, Porowińska D, Roszek K. Gene Expression and Activity Profiling Reveal a Significant Contribution of Exo-Phosphotransferases to the Extracellular Nucleotides Metabolism in HUVEC Endothelial Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1341-1348. [PMID: 27859553 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling maintains local tissue homeostasis in blood vessels via the regulation of vascular tone, blood platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, and differentiation as well as inflammatory responses. Extracellular purines are important signaling molecules in the vasculature, and both purine-hydrolysing as well as -phosphorylating enzymes are considered to selectively govern extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside metabolism. Recent studies have provided some evidence for the existence of these enzymes in a soluble form in human blood and their secretion into the extracellular space under physiological and pathological conditions. However, the comprehensive analysis of endothelium-derived enzymes involved in purine metabolic pathways has received no attention so far. In the presented study, in vitro cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are shown to be an abundant source of exo-nucleotidases comprising 5'-nucleotidase (exo-5'-NT), and nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (exo-NTPDase) as well as phosphotransferases, represented by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (exo-NDPK) and adenylate kinase (exo-AK). An attempt is also made to demonstrate that, in contrast to the metabolic pattern determined on the endothelial cell surface, exo-phosphorylating activities markedly predominate over exo-hydrolytic ones. We present for the first time the expression profiles of genes encoding isoenzymes belonging to distinct nucleotide kinase and nucleotidase families. The genes encoding NDPK1, NDPK2, AK1, and AK2 phosphotransferases have been shown to be expressed at the highest level in HUVEC cells. The data indicate the coexistence of secreted and cell-associated factors of endothelial origin mediating ATP-consuming and ATP-generating pathways with the predominance of exo-phosphotransferases activity. The described enzymes contribute to the regulation of purinergic signal duration and extent in the venous vasculature. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1341-1348, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wujak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Hetmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dorota Porowińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Martins JD, Silva A, Ferreira I, Gonçalo M, Custódio JBA, Lopes MC, Domingues MRM, Neves BM, Cruz MT. Adenosine diphosphate involvement in THP-1 maturation triggered by the contact allergen 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1512-1521. [PMID: 30090452 PMCID: PMC6060794 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00240d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells' (DC) activation is considered a key event in the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization elicited by covalent binding of chemicals to proteins. The mechanisms underlying DC activation by contact sensitizers are not completely understood. However, several "danger signals" are pointed as relevant effectors. Among these extra-cellular early danger signals, purines may be crucial for the development of xenoinflammation and several reports indicate their involvement in contact allergic reactions. In the present work we used the DC-surrogate monocytic cell line THP-1, cultured alone or co-cultured with the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, to explore the contribution of extracellular adenine nucleotides to THP-1 maturation triggered by the extreme contact sensitizer, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). We found that THP-1 maturation induced by DNFB is impaired after purinergic signaling inhibition, and that the transcription of the purinergic metabotropic receptors P2Y2 and P2Y11 is modulated by the sensitizer. We also detected that THP-1 cells only partially hydrolyse extracellular adenosine triphosphate, leading to accumulation of the mono-phosphate derivative, AMP. We detected different and non-overlapping activation patterns of mitogen activated protein kinases by DNFB and extracellular nucleotides. Overall, our results indicate that THP-1 maturation induced by DNFB is strongly modulated by extracellular adenine nucleotides through metabotropic purinergic receptors. This knowledge unveils a molecular toxicity pathway evoked by sensitizers and involved in THP-1 maturation, a DC-surrogate cell line thoroughly used in in vitro tests for the identification of skin allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal . ; ; ; Tel: +351 239 480 209
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - A Silva
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - I Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - M Gonçalo
- Department of Dermatology , University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , 3000-075 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - J B A Custódio
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal . ; ; ; Tel: +351 239 480 209
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - M C Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal . ; ; ; Tel: +351 239 480 209
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - M R M Domingues
- Department of Chemistry , Mass Spectrometry Center , QOPNA , University of Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - B M Neves
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal . ; ; ; Tel: +351 239 480 209
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Department of Chemistry , Mass Spectrometry Center , QOPNA , University of Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - M T Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal . ; ; ; Tel: +351 239 480 209
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
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Jiang S, Jia Z, Chen H, Wang L, Song L. The modulation of haemolymph arginine kinase on the extracellular ATP induced bactericidal immune responses in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:282-293. [PMID: 27033465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase is an important phosphagen kinase (PK) which plays an essential role in ATP buffering systems in invertebrates. In the present study, an arginine kinase (designated CgAK) was isolated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity chromatography from the haemolymph of Crassostrea gigas. CgAK could directly bind to LPS in a concentration-dependent manner with the dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.46 × 10(-6) M. The interaction with LPS significantly decreased the ATP hydrolytic activity of CgAK, which in turn lead to the accumulation of ATP in vitro. The extracellular ATP stimulation could induce Ca(2+) influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the release of lysosomal enzyme in the cellular immune response. In addition, ATP stimulation provoked the bactericidal activity towards Escherichia coli, and the scavenging ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) abrogated the bactericidal activity, indicating that ATP stimulation could induce ROS-dependent antimicrobial activity in haemocytes. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the haemolymph CgAK could serve as an important purinergic regulator to modulate extracellular ATP, which might further have an important effect on the purinergic signaling-activated innate immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Gazzerro E, Baldassari S, Assereto S, Fruscione F, Pistorio A, Panicucci C, Volpi S, Perruzza L, Fiorillo C, Minetti C, Traggiai E, Grassi F, Bruno C. Enhancement of Muscle T Regulatory Cells and Improvement of Muscular Dystrophic Process in mdx Mice by Blockade of Extracellular ATP/P2X Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:3349-60. [PMID: 26465071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration of immune cells and chronic inflammation substantially affect skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In the immune system, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released by dying cells is sensed as a danger associated molecular pattern through P2 purinergic receptors. Specifically, the P2X7 subtype has a prominent role in regulating immune system physiology and contributes to inflammasome activation also in muscle cells. Here, we show that in vivo blockade of the extracellular ATP/P2X purinergic signaling pathway by periodate-oxidized ATP delayed the progression of the dystrophic phenotype and dampened the local inflammatory response in mdx mice, a spontaneous mouse model of dystrophin deficiency. Reduced infiltration of leukocytes and macrophages and decreased expression of IL-6 were revealed in the muscles of periodate-oxidized ATP-treated mdx mice. Concomitantly, an increase in Foxp3(+) immunosuppressive regulatory T cells was observed and correlated with enhanced myofiber regeneration. Moreover, we detected reduced concentrations of profibrotic cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor, in muscles of periodate-oxidized ATP-treated mdx mice. The improvement of inflammatory features was associated with increased strength and reduced necrosis, thus suggesting that pharmacologic purinergic antagonism altering the adaptive immune component in the muscle infiltrates might represent a promising therapeutic approach in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gazzerro
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Assereto
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Pistorio
- Unit of Epidemiology and Statistics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Panicucci
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Unit of Pediatrics II, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Neuromuscular and Molecular Medicine Unit, Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Traggiai
- Novartis Biologics Center, Novartis Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Medical Biotechnologies & Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
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40
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Yegutkin GG. Enzymes involved in metabolism of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides: functional implications and measurement of activities. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 49:473-97. [PMID: 25418535 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.953627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides mediate diverse signaling effects in virtually all organs and tissues. Most models of purinergic signaling depend on functional interactions between distinct processes, including (i) the release of endogenous ATP and other nucleotides, (ii) triggering of signaling events via a series of nucleotide-selective ligand-gated P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors as well as adenosine receptors and (iii) ectoenzymatic interconversion of purinergic agonists. The duration and magnitude of purinergic signaling is governed by a network of ectoenzymes, including the enzymes of the nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) family, the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) family, ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and other alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Along with "classical" inactivating ectoenzymes, recent data provide evidence for the co-existence of a counteracting ATP-regenerating pathway comprising the enzymes of the adenylate kinase (AK) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK/NME/NM23) families and ATP synthase. This review describes recent advances in this field, with special emphasis on purine-converting ectoenzymes as a complex and integrated network regulating purinergic signaling in such (patho)physiological states as immunomodulation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, arterial calcification and other diseases. The second part of this review provides a comprehensive overview and basic principles of major approaches employed for studying purinergic activities, including spectrophotometric Pi-liberating assays, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analyses of purine substrates and metabolites, capillary electrophoresis, bioluminescent, fluorometric and electrochemical enzyme-coupled assays, histochemical staining, and further emphasizes their advantages, drawbacks and suitability for assaying a particular catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Eichin D, Laurila JP, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. CD73 Activity is Dispensable for the Polarization of M2 Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134721. [PMID: 26258883 PMCID: PMC4530872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoenzyme CD73 catalyzes the hydrolysis of AMP, and is one of the most important producers of extracellular adenosine. On regulatory T cells, CD73 is necessary for immunosuppressive functions, and on Th17 cells CD73-generated adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, the expression and function of CD73 in pro-inflammatory M1 and in immunosuppressive M2 macrophages is largely unknown. Here we show that CD73 expression and enzyme activity were induced in in vitro polarized pro-inflammatory human M(LPS+TNF) monocytes/macrophages, while CD73 was absent from immunosuppressive M(IL-4+M-CSF)-polarized macrophages. Inhibition of CD73 activity with the inhibitor AMPCP did not affect the polarization of human monocytes. In mice, CD73 was present on resident peritoneal macrophages. In striking contrast, elicited peritoneal macrophages remained CD73 negative regardless of their polarization towards either a pro-inflammatory M(LPS) or anti-inflammatory M(IL-4c) direction. Finally, the ability of peritoneal macrophages to polarize to pro- and anti-inflammatory cells was perfectly normal in CD73-deficient mice in vivo. These data indicate that, in contrast to other major leukocyte subpopulations, CD73 activity on macrophages does not play a major role in their polarization and that in mice host CD73 on any cell type is not required in vivo for peritoneal macrophage polarization towards either a pro- or an anti-inflammatory direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Eichin
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha P. Laurila
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Castilhos LG, Rezer JFP, Ruchel JB, Thorstenberg ML, Jaques JADS, Schlemmer JB, Doleski PH, Rossato MF, da Silva MA, Casalli EA, da Cruz RC, Ferreira J, Athayde ML, Gonçalves JF, Leal DBR. Effect of Uncaria tomentosa extract on purinergic enzyme activities in lymphocytes of rats submitted to experimental adjuvant arthritis model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:189. [PMID: 26088322 PMCID: PMC4474424 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that adjuvant arthritis is an experimental model of arthritis widely used for preclinical testing of numerous anti-arthritic agents, which were taken by a large number of patients worldwide, it is of great interest to investigate the therapeutic action of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Uncaria tomentosa extract. Moreover, there are no studies demonstrating the effect of U. tomentosa on the metabolism of adenine nucleotides published so far. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of U. tomentosa extract on E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in lymphocytes of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis induced rats. METHODS To evaluate the effect of U. tomentosa extract on the activity of E-NTPDase and ADA in lymphocytes, the rats were submitted to an experimental adjuvant arthritis model. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated and E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities were determined. Data were analyzed by a one- or two-way ANOVA. Post hoc analyses were carried out by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) Multiple Comparison Test. RESULTS E-NTPDase activity was increased in arthritic untreated. Arthritic rats which received U. tomentosa extract, presented similar results to the control group. However, results obtained for adenosine hydrolysis by E-ADA were not altered in arthritic rats. U. tomentosa extract did not alter E-NTPDase and E-ADA activity in healthy animals. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation supports the hypothesis that the increased E-NTPDase activity verified in arthritic rats might be an attempt to maintain basal levels of ATP and ADP in the extracellular medium, since the arthritis induction causes tissue damage and, consequently, large amounts of ATP are released into this milieu. Also, it highlights the possibility to use U. tomentosa extract as an adjuvant to treat arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia G Castilhos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - João F P Rezer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jader B Ruchel
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Luiza Thorstenberg
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jeandre A dos S Jaques
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Josiane B Schlemmer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pedro H Doleski
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mateus F Rossato
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mariane A da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Emerson André Casalli
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Laboratório de Estudos Sobre as Alterações Celulares e Teciduais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Enzimologia Aplicada ao Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto deCiências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ritiel Corrêa da Cruz
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jamile F Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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43
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Zukowska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Toczek M, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. The role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:675-81. [PMID: 26321267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) is an enzyme that is highly expressed in endothelium and is involved in the extracellular nucleotide catabolism. CD73 converts AMP to adenosine that via specific subtypes of P1 receptor mediates cytoprotection involving diverse mechanisms such as vasodilatation, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of thrombosis and anti-adrenergic effect. Physiological intravascular concentration of adenosine is in nanomolar range, but could become micromolar in response to various forms of stress. Endothelium is a major site for both CD73 mediated production of adenosine and its cytoprotective effect. Nucleotides (predominantly ATP or ADP) that could be released from different cells via controlled specific of unspecific mechanisms constitute a major source of substrate for adenosine production via CD73. Direct effects of extracellular nucleotides (mediated by P2 receptors) are typically opposite to adenosine P1 mediated activities. Retention of nucleotides and decreased adenosine production due to loss of CD73 function may have negative implications and could be important cause of various pathologies. Protective role of CD73 was indicated in ectopic calcification, atherosclerosis, rejection after xenotransplantation and thrombosis. Reduced activity of CD73 due to lymphocyte contact with endothelium increases its permeability that leads to enhanced leukocyte transmigration. Upregulation of endothelial CD73 may therefore be protective in a number of cardiovascular pathologies. Such effect has been confirmed for some common drugs such as statins and it could be part of its pleiotropic portfolio. Activation of CD73 could be a new target for specific treatment strategy that in particular will enhance endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marta Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Mortimer L, Moreau F, Cornick S, Chadee K. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Is a Pathogen Sensor for Invasive Entamoeba histolytica via Activation of α5β1 Integrin at the Macrophage-Amebae Intercellular Junction. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004887. [PMID: 25955828 PMCID: PMC4425650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) is an extracellular protozoan parasite of humans that invades the colon to cause life-threatening intestinal and extra-intestinal amebiasis. Colonized Eh is asymptomatic, however, when trophozoites adhere to host cells there is a considerable inflammatory response that is critical in the pathogenesis of amebiasis. The host and/or parasite factors that trigger the inflammatory response to invading Eh are not well understood. We recently identified that Eh adherence to macrophages induces inflammasome activation and in the present study we sought to determine the molecular events upon contact that coordinates this response. Here we report that Eh contact-dependent activation of α5β1 integrin is critical for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Eh-macrophage contact triggered recruitment of α5β1 integrin and NLRP3 into the intercellular junction, where α5β1 integrin underwent activation by an integrin-binding cysteine protease on the parasite surface, termed EhCP5. As a result of its activation, α5β1 integrin induced ATP release into the extracellular space through opening of pannexin-1 channels that signalled through P2X7 receptors to deliver a critical co-stimulatory signal that activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Both the cysteine protease activity and integrin-binding domain of EhCP5 were required to trigger α5β1 integrin that led to ATP release and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings reveal engagement of α5β1 integrin across the parasite-host junction is a key regulatory step that initiates robust inflammatory responses to Eh. We propose that α5β1 integrin distinguishes Eh direct contact and functions with NLRP3 as pathogenicity sensor for invasive Eh infection. Amebiasis caused by the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is among the three top causes of death from parasitic infections worldwide, as a result of amebic colitis (dysentery) and liver or brain abscess. When Eh invades the intestinal barrier and contacts host tissue there is a profound inflammatory response, which is thought to drive the disease. One of the central outstanding questions has been how the immune response is escalated at sites of invasion. Adherence of the parasite to host cells has long been appreciated in the pathogenesis of amebiasis, but was never considered as a “cue” that host cells use to detect Eh and initiate host defense. Here we introduce the idea, and demonstrate, that an intercellular junction forms between Eh and host cells upon contact that engages the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome belongs to a group of “danger” sensors that are uniquely designed to rapidly activate highly inflammatory host defenses. In this work, we identified a surface receptor on macrophages that normally functions in adhesion and polarization recognizes a protein on the outer surface of Eh. Intriguingly, Eh also secretes this protein. However, the full activation of the surface receptor leading to inflammasome activation only occurs when the Eh protein is immobilized on the parasite surface. Thus, we uncovered a molecular mechanism though which host cells distinguish direct contact, and therefore recognize parasites that are immediately present in the tissue, to mobilize a highly inflammatory response. We believe this concept is central to understanding the biology of amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Mortimer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Moreau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve Cornick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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45
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Yegutkin GG, Auvinen K, Rantakari P, Hollmén M, Karikoski M, Grénman R, Elima K, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 enhances endothelial barrier function and sprouting in blood but not lymphatic vasculature. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:562-73. [PMID: 25402681 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase is a key enzyme in the regulation of purinergic signaling and inflammatory reactions. It hydrolyzes extracellular AMP into adenosine, which dampens immune cell activation, and reduces leukocyte trafficking. By comparing CD73 expression and function in mononuclear and endothelial cells (ECs) of blood and lymph, we show that extracellular purines and CD73 activity have differential effects in these two vascular systems. We found that CD8-positive T lymphocytes and CD19-positive B lymphocytes in human lymph expressed high levels of CD73 and other purinergic enzymes and adenosine receptors. Soluble CD73 was less abundant in human lymph than in serum, whereas CD73 activity was higher in afferent lymphatic ECs than in blood ECs. Adenosine signaling improved barrier function and induced sprouting of human blood, but not lymphatic, ECs in vitro. Similarly, using CD73-deficient mice we found that CD73 controls only blood vascular permeability at selected lymphoid organs under physiological conditions. Thus, both vascular and lymphatic arms of the immune system synthesize the components of purinergic signaling system, but surprisingly they use CD73 differentially to control endothelial permeability and sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Scutia buxifolia Reiss inhibit platelet aggregation and alters the activities of enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in lymphocytes and platelets. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Liu K, Vergani A, Zhao P, Ben Nasr M, Wu X, Iken K, Jiang D, Su X, Fotino C, Fiorina P, Visner GA. Inhibition of the purinergic pathway prolongs mouse lung allograft survival. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:300-10. [PMID: 24661183 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0362oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation has limited survival with current immunosuppression. ATP is released from activated T cells, which act as costimulatory molecules through binding to the purinergic receptor P2XR7. We investigated the role of blocking the ATP/purinergic pathway, primarily P2XR7, using its inhibitor oxidized ATP (oATP) in modulating rejection of mouse lung allografts. Mouse lung transplants were performed using mice with major histocompatibility complex mismatch, BALB/c to C57BL6. Recipients received suramin or oATP, and lung allografts were evaluated 15 to ≥ 60 days after transplantation. Recipients were also treated with oATP after the onset of moderate to severe rejection to determine its ability to rescue lung allografts. Outcomes measures included lung function, histology, thoracic imaging, and allo-immune responses. Blocking purinergic receptors with the nonselective inhibitor suramin or with the P2XR7-selective inhibitor oATP reduced acute rejection and prolonged lung allograft survival for ≥ 60 days with no progression in severity. There were fewer inflammatory cells within lung allografts, less rejection, and improved lung function, which was maintained over time. CD4 and CD8 T cells were reduced within lung allografts with impaired activation with prolonged impairment of CD8 responses. In vitro, oATP reduced CD8 activation of Th1 inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and cytolytic machinery, granzyme B. Cotreatment with immunosuppressive agents, cyclosporine, rapamycin, or CTLA-4Ig resulted in no additive benefits, and oATP alone resulted in better outcomes than cyclosporine alone. This study illustrates a potential new pathway to target in hopes of prolonging survival of lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Liu
- 1 Department of Medicine/Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Boligon AA, Pimentel VC, Bagatini MD, Athayde ML. Effect of Scutia buxifolia Reissek in nucleotidase activities and inhibition of platelet aggregation. J Nat Med 2014; 69:46-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Boyd-Tressler A, Penuela S, Laird DW, Dubyak GR. Chemotherapeutic drugs induce ATP release via caspase-gated pannexin-1 channels and a caspase/pannexin-1-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27246-27263. [PMID: 25112874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.590240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor immune responses have been linked to the regulated release of ATP from apoptotic cancer cells to engage P2 purinergic receptor signaling cascades in nearby leukocytes. We used the Jurkat T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia model to characterize the role of pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels in the release of nucleotides during chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. Diverse pro-apoptotic drugs, including topoisomerase II inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and proteosome inhibitors, induced functional activation of Panx1 channels via caspase-3-mediated cleavage of the Panx1 autoinhibitory C-terminal domain. The caspase-activated Panx1 channels mediated efflux of ATP, but also ADP and AMP, with the latter two comprising >90% of the released adenine nucleotide pool as cells transitioned from the early to late stages of apoptosis. Chemotherapeutic drugs also activated an alternative caspase- and Panx1-independent pathway for ATP release from Jurkat cells in the presence of benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Comparison of Panx1 levels indicated much higher expression in leukemic T lymphocytes than in normal, untransformed T lymphoblasts. This suggests that signaling roles for Panx1 may be amplified in leukemic leukocytes. Together, these results identify chemotherapy-activated pannexin-1 channels and ATP release as possible mediators of paracrine interaction between dying tumor cells and the effector leukocytes that mediate immunogenic anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boyd-Tressler
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A-SC1, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A-SC1, Canada
| | - George R Dubyak
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and.
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Cortés A, Gracia E, Moreno E, Mallol J, Lluís C, Canela EI, Casadó V. Moonlighting Adenosine Deaminase: A Target Protein for Drug Development. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:85-125. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Eduard Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estefania Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carme Lluís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Enric I. Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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