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Qu Z, Lu Y, Ran Y, Xu D, Guo Z, Cheng M. Chitinase‑3 like‑protein‑1: A potential predictor of cardiovascular disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:176. [PMID: 39129301 PMCID: PMC11332322 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase‑3 like‑protein‑1 (CHI3L1), a glycoprotein belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 18, binds to chitin; however, this protein lacks chitinase activity. Although CHI3L1 is not an enzyme capable of degrading chitin, it plays significant roles in abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, indicating its involvement in metabolic disorders. In addition, CHI3L1 is considered a key player in inflammatory diseases, with clinical data suggesting its potential as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. CHI3L1 regulates the inflammatory response of various cell types, including macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In addition, CHI3L1 participates in vascular remodeling and fibrosis, contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. At present, research is focused on elucidating the role of CHI3L1 in cardiovascular disease. The present systematic review was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of CHI3L1 on cardiovascular cells, and determine the potential implications in the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease. The present study may further the understanding of the involvement of CHI3L1 in cardiovascular pathology, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker in the management of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojian Qu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yirui Lu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Ran
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 80th Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Weifang, Shandong 261021, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Sun R, Ge W, Xue L, Xu Q, Xu H, Li S, Wu M, Guo T, Wang X. Longitudinal Serum Proteomics Characterization of CD19-CAR-T Cell Therapy for B-Cell Malignancies. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2985-2994. [PMID: 37531193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating B-cell leukemia. However, treated patients may potentially develop side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), the mechanisms of which remain unclear. Here, we collected 43 serum samples from eight patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) before and five time points after CD19-specific CAR-T cell treatment. Using TMTpro 16-plex-based quantitative proteomics, we quantified 1151 proteins and profiled the longitudinal proteomes analysis of each patient. Seven days after therapy, we found the most dysregulated inflammatory proteins. Lipid metabolism proteins, including APOA1, decreased after therapy, reached their minimum after 7 days, and then gradually recovered. Hence, APOA1 has been selected as a potential biomarker of the CRS disease progression. Furthermore, we identified CD163 as a potential biomarker of CRS severity. These two biomarkers were successfully validated using targeted proteomics in an independent cohort. Our study provides new insights into CAR-T cell therapy-induced CRS. The biomarkers we identified may help develop targeted drugs and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Weigang Ge
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lei Xue
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Qianwen Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Hui Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Sujun Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xingbing Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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缪 治, 冉 晶, 牟 大, 吴 沙, 陈 艳, 李 聪, 陈 月, 杨 闵, 谢 其. [YKL-40 Promotes the Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Type Ⅱ Alveolar Epithelial Cell Model of A549 Cell Line]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:954-958. [PMID: 37866952 PMCID: PMC10579078 DOI: 10.12182/20230960201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective YKL-40, also known as chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), is a human cartilage glycoprotein-39, with its N-terminus consisting of tyrosine (Y), lysine (K), and leucine (L), hence the name YKL-40. In this study, we explored whether YKL-40 could promote the expression of inflammatory factors in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells. Methods A549 cells were cultured in vitro with interleukin (IL)-1β (20 ng/mL), IL-6 (20 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (20 ng/mL), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (20 ng/mL). The expression of YKL-40 transcription was determined by RT-qPCR. A549 cells were cultured with IL-1β at 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL and the expression of YKL-40 protein was determined by Western blot. A549 cells were cultured with recombinant YKL-40 protein at 0, 100, 500, and 1 000 ng/mL and the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by RT-qPCR. Three pairs of small interfering RNAs targeting YKL-40 (si- YKL-40-1/2/3) and the negative control (NC) were designed and used to transfect A549 cells, respectively, and the expression of YKL-40 was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. si- YKL-40-3 was screened out for subsequent experiments. In A549 cells, si- YKL-40-3 and si-NC were transfected and, then, IL-1β (20 ng/mL) was added in for culturing. The expression of YKL-40, IL-6, and IL-8 was determined by RT-qPCR and the expression of multiple factors in the supernatant was measured with the QAH-INF-1 kit. Results RT-qPCR results showed that IL-1β could up-regulate YKL-40 protein transcription level compared with that of the control group and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01), but IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ could not up-regulate YKL-40 protein transcription level. Western blot results showed that IL-1β (20 ng/mL) could significantly promote the expression of YKL-40 and, compared with that of the control group, the differences showed by groups treated with different concentrations of IL-1β were all statistical significant ( P<0.01). After adding human recombinant YKL-40 protein to A549 cells, the results showed that the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly increased and the difference was statistically significant compared with that of the control group ( P<0.05). After the expression of YKL-40 was decreased by si- YKL-40-3 transfection, the expression of IL-6 ( P<0.05), IL-8 ( P<0.05), and other inflammatory factors was inhibited compared with that of the control group. Conclusion YKL-40 can promote the expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and other acute inflammatory factors in A549 cell line, a type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell model, thus aggravating the inflammatory response. Targeted inhibition of YKL-40 expression may effectively inhibit inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- 治永 缪
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 晶晶 冉
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 大超 牟
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 沙沙 吴
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 艳琼 陈
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 聪 李
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 月红 陈
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 闵 杨
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 其冰 谢
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Declercq J, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Smole U. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in asthma. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101759. [PMID: 37031560 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the lack of endogenous chitin synthesis, mammalian genomes encode two enzymatically active true chitinases (chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase) and a variable number of chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) that have no enzyme activity but bind chitin. Chitinases and CLPs are prominent components of type-2 immune response-mediated respiratory diseases. However, despite extensive research into their role in allergic airway disease, there is still no agreement on whether they are mere biomarkers of disease or actual disease drivers. Functions ascribed to chitinases and CLPs include, but are not limited to host defense against chitin-containing pathogens, directly promoting inflammation, and modulating tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Here, we discuss in detail the chitin-dependent and -independent roles of chitinases and CLPs in the context of allergic airway disease, and recent advances and emerging concepts in the field that might identify opportunities for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozefien Declercq
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ursula Smole
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Richard D, Pregizer S, Venkatasubramanian D, Raftery RM, Muthuirulan P, Liu Z, Capellini TD, Craft AM. Lineage-specific differences and regulatory networks governing human chondrocyte development. eLife 2023; 12:e79925. [PMID: 36920035 PMCID: PMC10069868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To address large gaps in our understanding of the molecular regulation of articular and growth plate cartilage development in humans, we used our directed differentiation approach to generate these distinct cartilage tissues from human embryonic stem cells. The resulting transcriptomic profiles of hESC-derived articular and growth plate chondrocytes were similar to fetal epiphyseal and growth plate chondrocytes, with respect to genes both known and previously unknown to cartilage biology. With the goal to characterize the regulatory landscapes accompanying these respective transcriptomes, we mapped chromatin accessibility in hESC-derived chondrocyte lineages, and mouse embryonic chondrocytes, using ATAC-sequencing. Integration of the expression dataset with the differentially accessible genomic regions revealed lineage-specific gene regulatory networks. We validated functional interactions of two transcription factors (TFs) (RUNX2 in growth plate chondrocytes and RELA in articular chondrocytes) with their predicted genomic targets. The maps we provide thus represent a framework for probing regulatory interactions governing chondrocyte differentiation. This work constitutes a substantial step towards comprehensive and comparative molecular characterizations of distinct chondrogenic lineages and sheds new light on human cartilage development and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richard
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Steven Pregizer
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Divya Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Zun Liu
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - April M Craft
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
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Inhibition of Chitinase-3-like-1 expression by K284 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury through down regulation of CXCL3. Int Immunopharmacol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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De Robertis M, Greco MR, Cardone RA, Mazza T, Marzano F, Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Belev N, Tullo A, Pesole G, Sarafian V, Signori E. Upregulation of YKL-40 Promotes Metastatic Phenotype and Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Therapy Response in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223568. [PMID: 36428997 PMCID: PMC9688424 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
YKL-40 is a heparin- and chitin-binding glycoprotein that belongs to the family of glycosyl hydrolases but lacks enzymatic properties. It affects different (patho)physiological processes, including cancer. In different tumors, YKL-40 gene overexpression has been linked to higher cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry, migration, and invasion. Because, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the serological YKL-40 level may serve as a risk predictor and prognostic biomarker, we investigated the underlying mechanisms by which it may contribute to tumor progression and the clinical significance of its tissue expression in metastatic CRC. We demonstrated that high-YKL-40-expressing HCT116 and Caco2 cells showed increased motility, invasion, and proliferation. YKL-40 upregulation was associated with EMT signaling activation. In the AOM/DSS mouse model, as well as in tumors and sera from CRC patients, elevated YKL-40 levels correlated with high-grade tumors. In retrospective analyses of six independent cohorts of CRC patients, elevated YKL-40 expression correlated with shorter survival in patients with advanced CRC. Strikingly, high YKL-40 tissue levels showed a predictive value for a better response to cetuximab, even in patients with stage IV CRC and mutant KRAS, and worse sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Taken together, our findings establish that tissue YKL-40 overexpression enhances CRC metastatic potential, highlighting this gene as a novel prognostic candidate, a predictive biomarker for therapy response, and an attractive target for future therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela De Robertis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.R.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4993-4232 (E.S.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Flaviana Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Belev
- University Hospital Eurohospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.R.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4993-4232 (E.S.)
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Laurikka A, Vuolteenaho K, Toikkanen V, Rinne T, Leppänen T, Hämäläinen M, Tarkka M, Laurikka J, Moilanen E. Inflammatory Glycoprotein YKL-40 Is Elevated after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Correlates with Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Myocardial Injury, a Pilot Study. Cells 2022; 11:3378. [PMID: 36359773 PMCID: PMC9653903 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of YKL-40 during and after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) and to establish possible connections between YKL-40 and markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial injury. Patients undergoing elective CABG utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were recruited into the study. Blood samples were collected at the onset of anesthesia, during surgery and post-operatively. Levels of YKL-40, 8-isoprostane, interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and troponin T (TnT) were measured by immunoassay. YKL-40 levels increased significantly 24 h after CPB. Positive correlation was seen between post-operative TnT and YKL-40 levels (r = 0.457, p = 0.016) and, interestingly, baseline YKL-40 predicted post-operative TnT increase (r = 0.374, p = 0.050). There was also a clear association between YKL-40 and the chemotactic factors MCP-1 (r = 0.440, p = 0.028) and IL-8 (r = 0.484, p = 0.011) linking YKL-40 to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis following CABG. The present results show, for the first time, that YKL-40 is associated with myocardial injury and leukocyte-activating factors following coronary artery bypass surgery. YKL-40 may be a factor and/or biomarker of myocardial inflammation and injury and subsequent fibrosis following heart surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Laurikka
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa Toikkanen
- Tampere University Hospital Heart Center Co., P.O. Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Rinne
- Tampere University Hospital Heart Center Co., P.O. Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Anaesthesia, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Tarkka
- Tampere University Hospital Heart Center Co., P.O. Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Laurikka
- Tampere University Hospital Heart Center Co., P.O. Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Murase T, Shinba Y, Mitsuma M, Abe Y, Yamashita H, Ikematsu K. Wound age estimation based on chronological changes in chitinase 3-like protein 1 expression. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 59:102128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Knecht S, Eberl HC, Bantscheff M. Interval-Based Secretomics Unravels Acute-Phase Response in Hepatocyte Model Systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100241. [PMID: 35525403 PMCID: PMC9184749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based secretomics approaches frequently utilize serum-free culture conditions to circumvent serum-induced interference and to increase analytical depth. However, this can negatively affect a wide range of cellular functions and cell viability. These effects become particularly apparent when investigating transcriptionally regulated secretion events and feedback-loops in response to perturbations that require 48 h or more to fully manifest. We present an “interval-based” secretomics workflow, which determines protein secretion rates in short serum-free time windows. Relative quantification using tandem mass tags enables precise monitoring of time-dependent changes. We applied this approach to determine temporal profiles of protein secretion in the hepatocyte model cell lines HepG2 and HepaRG after stimulation of the acute-phase response (APR) by the cytokines IL1b and IL6. While the popular hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 showed an incomplete APR, secretion patterns derived from differentiated HepaRG cells recapitulated the expected APR more comprehensively. For several APR response proteins, substantial secretion was only observed after 72 h, a time window at which cell fitness is substantially impaired under serum-free cell culture conditions. The interval-based secretomics approach enabled the first comprehensive analysis of time-dependent secretion of liver cell models in response to these proinflammatory cytokines. The extended time range facilitated the observation of distinct chronological phases and cytokine-dependent secretion phenotypes of the APR. IL1b directed the APR toward pathogen defense over three distinct phases—chemotaxis, effector, clearance—while IL6 directed the APR toward regeneration. Protein shedding on the cell surface was pronounced upon IL1b stimulation, and small molecule inhibition of ADAM and matrix metalloproteases identified induced as well as constitutive shedding events. Inhibition of ADAM proteases with TAPI-0 resulted in reduced shedding of the sorting receptor SORT1, and an attenuated cytokine response suggesting a direct link between cell surface shedding and cytokine secretion rates. Interval-based secretomics enables extended time course analysis. Time-resolved acute phase response in liver model systems HepG2 and HepaRG. IL1b response clusters in three phases. Cell surface shedding is amplified during acute-phase response. ADAM inhibition dampens secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Knecht
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Tsantilas P, Lao S, Wu Z, Eberhard A, Winski G, Vaerst M, Nanda V, Wang Y, Kojima Y, Ye J, Flores A, Jarr KU, Pelisek J, Eckstein HH, Matic L, Hedin U, Tsao PS, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L, Leeper NJ. Chitinase 3 like 1 is a regulator of smooth muscle cell physiology and atherosclerotic lesion stability. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2767-2780. [PMID: 33471078 PMCID: PMC8848327 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease underlies the majority of ischaemic strokes and is a major cause of death and disability. While plaque burden is a predictor of adverse outcomes, plaque vulnerability is increasingly recognized as a driver of lesion rupture and risk for clinical events. Defining the molecular regulators of carotid instability could inform the development of new biomarkers and/or translational targets for at-risk individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two independent human endarterectomy biobanks, we found that the understudied glycoprotein, chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1), is up-regulated in patients with carotid disease compared to healthy controls. Further, CHI3L1 levels were found to stratify individuals based on symptomatology and histopathological evidence of an unstable fibrous cap. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in cultured human carotid artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) showed that CHI3L1 prevents a number of maladaptive changes in that cell type, including phenotype switching towards a synthetic and hyperproliferative state. Using two murine models of carotid remodelling and lesion vulnerability, we found that knockdown of Chil1 resulted in larger neointimal lesions comprised by de-differentiated SMCs that failed to invest within and stabilize the fibrous cap. Exploratory mechanistic studies identified alterations in potential downstream regulatory genes, including large tumour suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2), which mediates macrophage marker and inflammatory cytokine expression on SMCs, and may explain how CHI3L1 modulates cellular plasticity. CONCLUSION CHI3L1 is up-regulated in humans with carotid artery disease and appears to be a strong mediator of plaque vulnerability. Mechanistic studies suggest this change may be a context-dependent adaptive response meant to maintain vascular SMCs in a differentiated state and to prevent rupture of the fibrous cap. Part of this effect may be mediated through downstream suppression of LATS2. Future studies should determine how these changes occur at the molecular level, and whether this gene can be targeted as a novel translational therapy for subjects at risk of stroke.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/enzymology
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/genetics
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Tsantilas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Shen Lao
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Eberhard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Monika Vaerst
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vivek Nanda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alyssa Flores
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Jarr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Efficacy of chitinase-3-like protein 1 as an in vivo bone formation predictable marker of maxillary/mandibular bone marrow stromal cells. Regen Ther 2021; 18:38-50. [PMID: 33869686 PMCID: PMC8027134 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maxillary/mandibular bone marrow stromal cells (MBMSCs) are a useful cell source for bone regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial region. To further ensure the clinical application of MBMSCs in bone regenerative therapy, it is important to determine the bone formation capacity of MBMSCs before transplantation. The aim of this study is to identify the molecular marker that determines the in vivo bone formation capacity of MBMSCs. Methods The cell growth, cell surface antigens, in vitro and in vivo bone formation capacity of MBMSCs were examined. The amount of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) secreted into the conditioned medium was quantified. The effects of CHI3L1 on the cell growth and osteogenic differentiation potential of MBMSCs and on the cell growth and migration of vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts were examined. Results The cell growth, and in vitro and in vivo bone formation capacity of the cells treated with different conditions were observed. MBMSCs that secreted a large amount of CHI3L1 into the conditioned medium tended to have low in vivo bone formation capacity, whereas MBMSCs that secreted a small amount of CHI3L1 had greater in vivo bone formation capacity. CHI3L1 promoted the migration of vascular endothelial cells, and the cell growth and migration of fibroblasts. Conclusion Our study indicates that the in vitro osteogenic differentiation capacity of MBMSCs and the in vivo bone formation capacities of MBMSCs were not necessarily correlated. The transplantation of high CHI3L1 secretory MBMSCs may suppress bone formation by inducing fibrosis at the site. These results suggest that the CHI3L1 secretion levels from MBMSCs may be used as a predictable marker of bone formation capacity in vivo. In vitro and in vivo bone formation capacities of MBMSCs were not correlated. MBMSCs with high CHI3L1 secretion tended to have low in vivo bone formation. MBMSCs with low CHI3L1 secretion tended to have high in vivo bone formation. CHI3L1 can be in vivo bone formation capacity predictable marker of MBMSCs.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- BMSC, bone marrow-derived stem cell
- Bone formation capacity
- CHI3L1, chitinase-3-like protein 1
- Chitinase-3-like protein 1
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- Jaw bone marrow stromal cells
- MBMSC, maxillary/mandibular bone marrow stromal cells
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Migration
- NHDF, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- α-MEM, alpha modified Eagle's minimum essential medium
- β-TCP, beta-tricalcium phosphate
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13
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Corazza M, Oton-Gonzalez L, Scuderi V, Rotondo JC, Lanzillotti C, Di Mauro G, Tognon M, Martini F, Borghi A. Tissue cytokine/chemokine profile in vulvar lichen sclerosus: An observational study on keratinocyte and fibroblast cultures. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:223-226. [PMID: 32998835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Scuderi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Di Mauro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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14
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Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:201. [PMID: 32929074 PMCID: PMC7490424 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18. It binds to chitin, heparin, and hyaluronic acid, and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes, cytokines, growth factors, drugs, and stress. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages, neutrophils, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like cells, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. It plays a major role in tissue injury, inflammation, tissue repair, and remodeling responses. CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma, arthritis, sepsis, diabetes, liver fibrosis, and coronary artery disease. Moreover, following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line, CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models. To date, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, transmembrane protein 219, galectin-3, chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2, and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors. CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, activation of tumor-associated macrophages, and Th2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis, then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.
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15
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Wang S, Hu M, Qian Y, Jiang Z, Shen L, Fu L, Hu Y. CHI3L1 in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110680. [PMID: 32861071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1) participates in physiological and pathophysiological process, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, etc. Some studies demonstrated that CHI3L1 is liver-enriched and has better application value in staging liver fibrosis than platelet ratio index(APRI) and fibrosis-4 index(FIB-4) and that CHI3L1 can be used in monitoring the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarized the pathophysiological role and the diagnostic value of CHI3L1 in liver fibrosis in different background and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengyuan Hu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yunsong Qian
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhenluo Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liyun Fu
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors (Grant No.2019A21003), Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Yaoren Hu
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors (Grant No.2019A21003), Ningbo 315010, China.
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16
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Rani R, Singh V. Overexpression of YKL-40 (CHI3L1 gene) in patient fluids may be a potential predictive marker for early detection of comorbidity in non-communicable disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110076. [PMID: 32721792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers which can diagnose the onset of non-communicable diseases and the associated comorbid conditions are lacking for clinical utility. Highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for early disease detection and risk stratification may provide timely intervention to patients and prevent secondary complications. However, till the time patients are diagnosed, cellular events and biomolecules get active effecting multiple organs at the same time. This series of events lead to disruption in normal functioning of the organs and their coordinative crosstalk, hence, increase in mortality rate of patients. The primary functional molecules of inflammatory pathways are active in NCDs. YKL-40, an anti-apoptotic molecule in inflammatory pathways, is overexpressed in patient fluids in different organs under diseased conditions. We performed a preliminary network analysis to study YKL-40 co-expression with diagnostic markers: TNNT2/I3 (Cardiac Troponin T/I) for cardiovascular diseases, LCN2 (NGAL) and CKM (Creatinine kinase M-type) in acute kidney injury and HbA1c in type-2-diabetes. It is observed that YKL-40 is actively co-expressed and linked with standard diagnostic markers and may be influencing the pathways active in organ crosstalk. The pathways may be regulating the signaling events in patients with non-communicable diseases leading to comorbidities. We, hence, postulate that if YKL-40 and disease specific pathways influenced are clinically utilized, this will provide the foundation of establishing tailored and specific approach in diagnosis and monitoring non-communicable diseases and predict the onset of comorbid conditions due to phenomenon influencing organ cross talks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Rani
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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17
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Schroder J, Jakobsen JC, Winkel P, Hilden J, Jensen GB, Sajadieh A, Larsson A, Ärnlöv J, Harutyunyan M, Johansen JS, Kjøller E, Gluud C, Kastrup J. Prognosis and Reclassification by YKL-40 in Stable Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014634. [PMID: 32114892 PMCID: PMC7335588 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The inflammatory biomarker YKL‐40 has previously been studied as a potential risk marker in cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the prognostic reclassification potential of serum YKL‐40 in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods and Results The main study population was the placebo group of the CLARICOR (Effect of Clarithromycin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease) trial. The primary outcome was a composite of acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, cerebrovascular disease, and all‐cause mortality. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for C‐reactive protein level and baseline cardiovascular risk factors. Improvement in prediction by adding serum YKL‐40 to the risk factors was calculated using the Cox‐Breslow method and c‐statistic. A total of 2200 patients were randomized to placebo, with a follow‐up duration of 10 years. YKL‐40 was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio per unit increase in (YKL‐40) 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24, P=0.013) and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.49, P<0.0001). Considering whether a composite‐outcome event was more likely to have, or not have, occurred to date, we found 68.4% of such predictions to be correct when based on the standard predictors, and 68.5% when serum YKL‐40 was added as a predictor. Equivalent results were obtained with c‐statistics. Conclusions Higher serum YKL‐40 was independently associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Addition of YKL‐40 did not improve risk prediction in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00121550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Schroder
- Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit Centre for Clinical Intervention Research Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Cardiology Holbæk Hospital Holbæk Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research The Faculty of Heath Sciences University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Per Winkel
- Copenhagen Trial Unit Centre for Clinical Intervention Research Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørgen Hilden
- Section of Biostatistics Department of Public Health Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gorm Boje Jensen
- Department of Cardiology Hvidovre Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ahmad Sajadieh
- Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society/Division of Family Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden.,Department of Health and Social Sciences Dalarna University Falun Sweden
| | - Marina Harutyunyan
- Department of Cardiology Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen København Denmark
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Medicine Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Erik Kjøller
- Copenhagen Trial Unit Centre for Clinical Intervention Research Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Cardiology S Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit Centre for Clinical Intervention Research Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Department of Cardiology Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen København Denmark
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18
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Association of Circulating COMP and YKL-40 as Markers of Metabolic Changes of Cartilage with Adipocytokines in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020061. [PMID: 32050571 PMCID: PMC7073573 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of circulating cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40) as markers of metabolic changes of cartilage, with leptin, adiponectin, and resistin in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients before and after treatment. A significant decrease of COMP and an increase of YKL-4 were found in blood of untreated patients. JIA treatment leading to clinical improvement resulted in normalization of COMP levels only. Concentrations of both markers in treated patients, while showing no clinical improvement, differed from those in controls and patients with remission. The leptin level decreased (p < 0.05) in untreated patients; however, concentrations of adiponectin and resistin increased (p < 0.05) as compared to controls. JIA treatment resulted in normalization of adipocytokine levels in remissive patients but not those with active JIA. Untreated patients showed a correlation between COMP and leptin, adiponectin, and body mass index (BMI) and between YKL-40 and leptin, adiponectin, BMI, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In inactive JIA, a correlation between YKL-40 and leptin was shown. Treated patients with an active JIA demonstrated a correlation between COMP and adiponectin and between YKL-40 and leptin, adiponectin, BMI, CRP, and ESR. The results of this work indicate that leptin and adiponectin but not resistin may be involved in the development and progression of joint dysfunction in JIA. Additionally, we suggest that YKL-40 may be a useful biomarker of disease activity and may be used to assess treatment towards remission, as compared to COMP.
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19
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Wang R, Xu C, Zhong H, Hu B, Wei L, Liu N, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Wang C, Qi M, Gu Y, Shen X, Tian Y, Liu Y, Cao P, Chen H, Yuan W. Inflammatory-sensitive CHI3L1 protects nucleus pulposus via AKT3 signaling during intervertebral disc degeneration. FASEB J 2020; 34:3554-3569. [PMID: 31997395 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of low back pain and the mechanism of which is far from fully revealed. Although inflammation directed nucleus pulposus (NP) extracellular matrix metabolism dysregulation is known to be the main cause of the degeneration process, few is known about the protective factors. Using high-throughput label-free proteomics, we found that inflammation-related autocrine factor Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1, or YKL-40) is highly expressed in the NP cells during degeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis show that the expression of CHI3L1 is NP tissue specific, and increase significantly during degeneration. Overexpression of CHI3L1 significantly decrease the catabolism, and increase the anabolism of extracellular matrix. Knockdown of CHI3L1 using siRNAs show the opposite results, which imply that the protective role of CHI3L1 in IDD. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing and functional analyses, we find that AKT3 expression and its phosphorylation is mainly regulated by CHI3L1. And lastly, the mechanism of which is also validated using human and mouse degenerated NP tissues. In summary, our findings show that the inflammation-related autocrine factor CHI3L1 is NP specific, and it protects IDD by promoting the AKT3 signaling, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajian Zhong
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leixin Wei
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianghui Shi
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qi
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Lian C, Lou H, Zhang J, Tian H, Ou Q, Xu JY, Jin C, Gao F, Zhang J, Wang J, Li W, Xu G, Lu L, Xu GT. MicroRNA-24 protects retina from degeneration in rats by down-regulating chitinase-3-like protein 1. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107791. [PMID: 31491426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of degenerative retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, we first demonstrated that miR-24 plays an important role in maintaining retinal structure and visual function of rats by targeting chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1). In the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, an animal model of genetic retinal degeneration (RD), miR-24 was found lower and CHI3L1 level was higher in comparison with those in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Other changes in the eyes of RCS rats include activated AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways and abnormal autophagy in the RPE cells. Such roles of miR-24 and CHI3L1 were further confirmed in RCS rats by subretinal injection of agomiR-24, which decreased CHI3L1 level and preserved retinal structure and function. Upstream, NF-κB was identified as the regulator of miR-24 in the RPE cells of these rats. On the other hand, in SD rats, intraocular treatment of antagomiR-24 induced pathological changes similar to those in RCS rats. The results revealed the protective roles for miR-24 to RPE cells and a mechanism for RD in RCS rats was proposed: extracellular stress stimuli first activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, which lowers miR-24 expression so that CHI3L1 increased. CHI3L1 sequentially results in aberrant autophagy and RPE dysfunction by activating AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways. Taken together, although the possibility, that the therapeutic effects in RCS rats are caused by other transcriptional changes regulated by miR-24, cannot be excluded, these findings indicate that miR-24 protects rat retina by targeting CHI3L1. Thus, miR-24 and CHI3L1 might be the targets for developing more effective therapy for degenerative retinal diseases like AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpin Lian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing-Ying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiye Li
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Guoxu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Castillejo-Lopez C, Pjanic M, Pirona AC, Hetty S, Wabitsch M, Wadelius C, Quertermous T, Arner E, Ingelsson E. Detailed Functional Characterization of a Waist-Hip Ratio Locus in 7p15.2 Defines an Enhancer Controlling Adipocyte Differentiation. iScience 2019; 20:42-59. [PMID: 31557715 PMCID: PMC6817687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined CAGE sequencing in human adipocytes during differentiation with data from genome-wide association studies to identify an enhancer in the SNX10 locus on chromosome 7, presumably involved in body fat distribution. Using reporter assays and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human cell lines, we characterized the role of the enhancer in adipogenesis. The enhancer was active during adipogenesis and responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline. The allele associated with increased waist-hip ratio in human genetic studies was associated with higher enhancer activity. Mutations of the enhancer resulted in less adipocyte differentiation. RNA sequencing of cells with disrupted enhancer showed reduced expression of established adipocyte markers, such as ADIPOQ and LPL, and identified CHI3L1 on chromosome 1 as a potential gene involved in adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we identified and characterized an enhancer in the SNX10 locus and outlined its plausible mechanisms of action and downstream targets. An enhancer active during adipogenesis is located in an obesity GWAS locus The enhancer responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline Mutation of the enhancer by CRISPR-Cas9 decreased adipocyte differentiation Knockout of CHI3L1 decreased adipocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Castillejo-Lopez
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Chiara Pirona
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erik Arner
- Laboratory for Applied Regulatory Genomics Network Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Omidian M, Mahmoudi M, Javanbakht MH, Eshraghian MR, Abshirini M, Daneshzad E, Hasani H, Alvandi E, Djalali M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulatory YKL-40 and MCP-1 biomarkers associated with vascular diabetic complications: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2873-2877. [PMID: 31425951 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic patients predispose to vascular diseases such as nephropathy, and retinopathy. Poor adherence to medical treatment and dietary recommendations in uncontrolled diabetes leads to vascular damages. Vitamin D has been extensively studied and found to be protective against diabetes mellitus. YKL-40 and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are considered to exert crucial role in diabetes and its complications. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of YKL-40 and MCP-1 involved in the development of diabetic complications. METHODS For 12 weeks, 48 type 2 diabetic patients enrolled in the trial and randomly were divided into two groups (n = 24 per group), receiving one of the following: 100 μg (4000 IU) vitamin D or placebo. Before and after intervention, serumYKL-40, MCP-1, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α, 25- (OH) vitamin D and HbA1c were measured. RESULTS Our results revealed that serum levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D significantly increased in vitamin D group (p < 0.001). Vitamin D supplementation also significantly reduced serum YKL-40 levels (-22.7 vs. -2.4 ng/ml; (p-value = 0.003)). There was a significant decline in MCP-1 concentration in intervention group at the end of the study (-45.7 vs. -0.9 pg/ml; (p = 0.001)). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in IL-6, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in intervention group after 3 months supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Daily vitamin D supplementation effectively reduced circulatory YKL-40 and MCP-1 levels in patients with type-2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D might contribute in reducing diabetic complications via modulating YKL-40 and MCP-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Omidian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abshirini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hasani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alvandi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Temel Yüksel İ, Aslan Çetin B, Köroğlu N, Aydoğan Mathyk B, Erdem B. Inflammatory marker YKL-40 levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:635-637. [PMID: 30688121 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1563889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a diagnosis of exclusion and presents with unexplained pruritus, abnormal liver function tests, and increased serum bile acid levels, particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy. Serum YKL-40 levels are increased in liver diseases and our aim was to investigate YKL-40 levels in pregnant women with ICP. 40 women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and 40 healthy pregnant women were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum YKL-40 levels were measured in both groups and correlation analysis were performed between the YKL-40 and other liver function tests. Serum YKL-40 concentrations were higher in the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group than in the control group (103.46 ± 53.03 vs. 57.60 ± 30.30 ng/ml, p = .002). The cutoff YKL-40 serum concentration was 84.80 ng/ml for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. There was no correlation between fasting bile acids and YKL-40 levels. However, there was a significant positive correlation between the YKL-40 levels and aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.22, p = .04) and alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.24, p = .02). Raised YKL-40 levels might support the evidence on inflammatory processes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlkbal Temel Yüksel
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Berna Aslan Çetin
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Nadiye Köroğlu
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Baki Erdem
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
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Concentration of Chondrogenic Soluble Factors in Freshly Harvested Lipoaspirate. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 83:344-351. [PMID: 30994491 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue has a limited capacity for healing with the consequence that patients are often treated symptomatically until they become candidates for osteotomy or total joint replacement. Alternative biological therapies, for example, application of platelet-rich plasma and implantation of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells, have emerged as a new treatment modality to repair articular cartilage. In addition, autologous fat transfer is performed for treatment of cartilage defects, example given, in osteoarthrosis, but several questions regarding basic biochemical properties of the transplant remain unanswered. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) have been shown to be involved in chondrogenic regeneration and represent potential therapeutic agents for cartilage repair. However, no study regarding naturally occurring levels of these soluble factors in transplanted adipose tissue has yet been performed. METHODS To investigate the influence of age, body mass index, donor site, and sex on the concentration of BMP4, MMP-8, COMP, and CHI3L1 in freshly aspirated adipose tissue, their content was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay readings. RESULTS There were significant quantities of BMP4, MMP-8, COMP, and CHI3L1 (23.6, 249.9, 298.0, and 540.6 pg/mg, respectively) in the lipoaspirate harvested for transplantation. There was no correlation between the content of soluble factors and the patients' age or body mass index. Furthermore, the sex did not affect the amount of the investigated factors. However, there were significantly lower contents of BMP4, COMP, and CHI3L1 found in lipoaspirates harvested from the abdomen compared with nonabdominal donor sites. CONCLUSIONS Naturally occurring differences in the concentrations of the investigated soluble factors will favor certain donor sites for autologous fat transfer in the field of cartilage repair. Thus, increasing knowledge will enable researchers and clinicians to make autologous fat transfer procedures more reliable and efficient for treatment of articular cartilage defects.
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Lee YH, Song GG. YKL-40 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Correlation with Disease Activity: A Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2019.26.4.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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YKL-40 is a local marker for inflammation in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:772-776. [PMID: 30560917 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the YKL-40, as a marker of inflammation, in aqueous humor and serum of cataract patients with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). METHODS Aqueous humor and serum samples were obtained from 44 patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery. All patients were divided into two groups: PEX (n = 24) and control (n = 20). YKL-40 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differences between the groups were assessed by using Chi-square and independent sample t-tests. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between variables. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the mean YKL-40 levels in the aqueous humor of PEX group (112.0 ± 35.8 ng/mL) and control subjects (88.2 ± 30.6 ng/mL) (P = 0.025). However, the difference between the mean YKL-40 levels in the serum of PEX group (53.5 ± 29.1 ng/mL) and control subjects (44.6 ± 30.2 ng/mL) was non-significant (P = 0.326). The correlation between aqueous humor and serum YKL-40 concentrations was significant in both the groups (r = 0.833, P < 0.001; r = 0.840, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased aqueous humor levels of YKL-40 demonstrate that it is local, but not a systemic marker for inflammation in patients with PEX.
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Rakic S, Hung YMA, Smith M, So D, Tayler HM, Varney W, Wild J, Harris S, Holmes C, Love S, Stewart W, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Systemic infection modifies the neuroinflammatory response in late stage Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:88. [PMID: 30193587 PMCID: PMC6127939 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that systemic infections accelerate cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models suggest that this may be due to enhanced pro-inflammatory changes in the brain. We have performed a post-mortem human study to determine whether systemic infection modifies the neuropathology and in particular, neuroinflammation, in the late-stage of the disease. Sections of cerebral cortex and underlying white matter from controls and Alzheimer's patients who died with or without a terminal systemic infection were immunolabelled and quantified for: (i) Αβ and phosphorylated-tau; (ii) the inflammation-related proteins Iba1, CD68, HLA-DR, FcγRs (CD64, CD32a, CD32b, CD16), CHIL3L1, IL4R and CCR2; and (iii) T-cell marker CD3. In Alzheimer's disease, the synaptic proteins synaptophysin and PSD-95 were quantified by ELISA, and the inflammatory proteins and mRNAs by MesoScale Discovery Multiplex Assays and qPCR, respectively. Systemic infection in Alzheimer's disease was associated with decreased CD16 (p = 0.027, grey matter) and CD68 (p = 0.015, white matter); increased CD64 (p = 0.017, white matter) as well as increased protein expression of IL6 (p = 0.047) and decreased IL5 (p = 0.007), IL7 (p = 0.002), IL12/IL23p40 (p = 0.001), IL15 (p = 0.008), IL16 (p < 0.001) and IL17A (p < 0.001). Increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes CHI3L1 (p = 0.012) and IL4R (p = 0.004) were detected in this group. T-cell recruitment to the brain was reduced when systemic infection was present. However, exposure to systemic infection did not modify the pathology. In Alzheimer's disease, CD68 (p = 0.026), CD64 (p = 0.002), CHI3L1 (p = 0.016), IL4R (p = 0.005) and CCR2 (p = 0.010) were increased independently of systemic infection. Our findings suggest that systemic infections modify neuroinflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease. However, rather than promoting pro-inflammatory changes, as observed in experimental models, they seem to promote an anti-inflammatory, potentially immunosuppressive, environment in the human brain.
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Antigenic and immunogenic properties of chondrocytes. Implications for chondrocyte therapeutic transplantation and pathogenesis of inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:209-219. [PMID: 30135635 PMCID: PMC6102611 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.77392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In physiological conditions chondrocytes are protected from contact with immunocompetent cells by the extracellular matrix, and transplanted fragments of allogeneic cartilage are not rejected. Cartilage produced by allogeneic chondrocytes, however, evokes the immune response of the recipient and is gradually destroyed. Immunisation by allogeneic chondrocytes is induced by the contact of their surface molecules with cells of the immune system. Chondrocytes constitutively express class I and, in some species, class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Expression of MHC class II molecules is induced in vitro by pro-inflammatory cytokines and in vivo in the course of the rejection of transplanted allogeneic cartilage. Low level of MHC class II molecules is found on the surface of human articular chondrocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Cartilage produced by transplanted allogeneic chondrocytes is destroyed by monocytes/macrophages and cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells show spontaneous cytotoxic reactivity against isolated chondrocytes and participate in the rejection of transplanted isolated chondrocytes. Chondrocytes express molecules that can serve as potential antigens in inflammatory joint diseases. Chondrocytes express cartilage-specific membrane antigen (CH65), human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC gp-39), hyaluronan binding adhesion molecule CD44, thymocyte antigen-1 (Thy-1) – CD90, signal transducer – CD24, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) – CD58, and type I transmembrane protein Tmp21. On the other hand, although chondrocytes express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, they can also exert immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effects on immunocompetent cells. Isolated chondrocytes do not trigger an efficient allogeneic immune response in vitro and suppress, in a contact-dependent manner, proliferation of activated T cells. This suppression is associated with the expression by chondrocytes of multiple negative regulators of immune response. Chondrocytes express programmed death-ligand (PD-L), chondromodulin-I and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), molecules that promote self-tolerance and suppress the immune system.
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Palomer X, Pizarro-Delgado J, Vázquez-Carrera M. Emerging Actors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Heartbreaker Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:452-467. [PMID: 29605388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diabetic heart is characterized by metabolic disturbances that are often accompanied by local inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overall changes result in contractile dysfunction, concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and dilated cardiomyopathy, that together affect cardiac output and eventually lead to heart failure, the foremost cause of death in diabetic patients. There are currently several validated biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk assessment of cardiac diseases, but none is capable of discriminating patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this review we point to several novel candidate biomarkers from new activated molecular pathways (including microRNAs) with the potential to detect or prevent DCM in its early stages, or even to treat it once established. The prospective use of selected biomarkers that integrate inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and metabolic dysregulation is widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zheng L, Deng CL, Wang L, Huang XB, You N, Tang YC, Wu K, Liang P, Mi N, Li J. COMMD7 is correlated with a novel NF-κB positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32774-84. [PMID: 27129158 PMCID: PMC5078050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and COMMD7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remained unclear. Here, our clinicopathological data showed that COMMD7 is overexpressed in HCC with a correlation to NF-κB. Using HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells that aberrantly overexpressed COMMD7, we found that NF-κB directly binds with COMMD7 promoter and serves as an activator for COMMD7 transcription by luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In both HepG2 cells and SMMC-7721 cells, the silencing of COMMD7 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, whereas NF-κB silencing inhibited the expression of COMMD7 and further inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, cell apoptosis was promoted by COMMD7 silencing, and further promoted by NF-κB silencing. Cell migration and invasion were also inhibited by COMMD7 silencing, and further inhibited by NF-κB silencing. Thus, COMMD7 is correlated with a novel NF-κB positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. Developing strategies for the treatment of HCC should consider the correlation between NF-κB and COMMD7, so as to improve the specificity and sensitivity of therapy and to reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chang-Lin Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Nan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yi-Chen Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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Kzhyshkowska J, Gratchev A, Goerdt S. Human Chitinases and Chitinase-Like Proteins as Indicators for Inflammation and Cancer. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Glyco_18 domain-containing proteins constitute a family of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins. Chitotriosidase and AMCase are true enzymes which hydrolyse chitin and have a C-terminal chitin-binding domain. YKL-40, YKL-39, SI-CLP and murine YM1/2 proteins possess solely Glyco_18 domain and do not have the hydrolytic activity. The major sources of Glyco_18 containing proteins are macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells, chondrocytes, synovial cells, and cancer cells. Both macrophages and neutrophils use the regulated secretory mechanism for the release of Glyco_18 containing proteins. Glyco_18 containing proteins are established biomarkers for human diseases. Chitotriosidase is overproduced by lipid-laden macrophages and is a major marker for the inherited lysosomal storage Gaucher disease. AMCase and murine lectin YM1 are upregulated in Th2-environment, and enzymatic activity of AMCase contributes to asthma pathogenesis. YKL proteins act as soluble mediators for the cell proliferation and migration, and are also involved in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Chitotriosidase and YKL-40 reflect the macrophage activation in atherosclerotic plaques. Serum level of YKL-40 is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for numerous types of solid tumors. YKL-39 is a marker for the activation of chondrocytes and the progression of the osteoarthritis in human. Recently identified SI-CLP is upregulated by Th2 cytokine IL-4 as well as by glucocorticoids. This unique feature of SI-CLP makes it an attractive candidate for the examination of individual sensitivity of patients to glucocorticoid treatment and prediction of side effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Human chitinases and chitinase-like proteins are found in tissues and circulation, and can be detected by non-invasive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
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Ueland T, Laugsand LE, Vatten LJ, Janszky I, Platou C, Michelsen AE, Damås JK, Aukrust P, Åsvold BO. Extracellular matrix markers and risk of myocardial infarction: The HUNT Study in Norway. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:1161-1167. [PMID: 28429960 DOI: 10.1177/2047487317703826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aims Extracellular matrix remodelling may influence atherosclerotic progression and plaque stability. We hypothesized that evaluation of extracellular matrix markers, with potentially different roles during atherogenesis, could provide information on underlying mechanisms and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in apparently healthy individuals. Methods We conducted a case-control study nested within the population-based HUNT2 cohort in Norway. A total of 58,761 men and women, free of known cardiovascular disease, were followed for a first MI. During 11.3 years of follow-up, 1587 incident MIs were registered, and these cases were compared with 3959 age- and sex-matched controls. Circulating levels of the ECM proteins CD147 (ECM metalloproteinase inducer; EMMPRIN), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP: thrombospondin-5) and YKL-40 (chitinase-3-like-1) were measured by enzyme immunoassays. Results We found an inverse association between COMP (quartile (Q) 4 vs. Q1: hazard ratio 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.98)) and YKL-40 (Q4 vs. Q1: hazard ratio 0.77 (0.62-0.95)) with incidence of MI after full multivariable adjustment. Serum CD147 was not associated with MI risk in adjusted analysis. Conclusion High levels of COMP and YKL-40 were associated with lower risk of incident MI, suggesting a potential beneficial role in promoting plaque stability in individuals without incident cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- 1 Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway.,2 Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Inflammatory Research Centre, University of Oslo, Norway.,3 KG Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars E Laugsand
- 4 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,5 Department of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars J Vatten
- 4 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Imre Janszky
- 4 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,6 Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Platou
- 7 Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- 1 Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Jan K Damås
- 8 Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,9 Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- 1 Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway.,2 Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Inflammatory Research Centre, University of Oslo, Norway.,3 KG Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Norway.,10 Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway.,11 KG Jebsen Inflammatory Research Centre, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- 4 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,12 Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Brod S, Gobbetti T, Gittens B, Ono M, Perretti M, D'Acquisto F. The impact of environmental enrichment on the murine inflammatory immune response. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90723. [PMID: 28405616 PMCID: PMC5374068 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Living in a mentally and physically stimulating environment has been suggested to have a beneficial effect on the immune response. This study investigates these effects, utilizing a 2-week program of environmental enrichment (EE) and 2 models of acute inflammation: zymosan-induced peritonitis (ZIP) and the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Our results revealed that following exposure to EE, mice possessed a significantly higher circulating neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio compared with control animals. When subject to ZIP, EE animals exhibit enhanced neutrophil and macrophage influx into their peritoneal cavity. Corresponding results were found in CLP, where we observed an improved capacity for enriched animals to clear systemic microbial infection. Ex vivo investigation of leukocyte activity also revealed that macrophages from EE mice presented an enhanced phagocytic capacity. Supporting these findings, microarray analysis of EE animals revealed the increased expression of immunomodulatory genes associated with a heightened and immunoprotective status. Taken together, these results provide potentially novel mechanisms by which EE influences the development and dynamics of the immune response. A housing period as little as 2 weeks in an enriched environment with an increase in spatial and sensorial stimuli improved the ability of mice to clear infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Brod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Gobbetti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Gittens
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiro Ono
- University of London Imperial College Science Technology & Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Science, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
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The C-terminal region of OVGP1 remodels the zona pellucida and modifies fertility parameters. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32556. [PMID: 27601270 PMCID: PMC5013273 DOI: 10.1038/srep32556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OVGP1 is the major non-serum glycoprotein in the oviduct fluid at the time of fertilization and early embryo development. Its activity differs among species. Here, we show that the C-terminal region of recombinant OVGP1 regulates its binding to the extracellular zona pellucida and affects its activity during fertilization. While porcine OVGP1 penetrates two-thirds of the thickness of the zona pellucida, shorter OVGP1 glycoproteins, including rabbit OVGP1, are restricted to the outer one-third of the zona matrix. Deletion of the C-terminal region reduces the ability of the glycoprotein to penetrate through the zona pellucida and prevents OVGP1 endocytosis. This affects the structure of the zona matrix and increases its resistance to protease digestion. However, only full-length porcine OVGP1 is able to increase the efficiency rate of in vitro fertilization. Thus, our findings document that the presence or absence of conserved regions in the C-terminus of OVGP1 modify its association with the zona pellucida that affects matrix structure and renders the zona matrix permissive to sperm penetration and OVGP1 endocytosis into the egg.
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Kozan A, Kilic N, Alacam H, Guzel A, Guvenc T, Acikgoz M. The Effects of Dexamethasone and L-NAME on Acute Lung Injury in Rats with Lung Contusion. Inflammation 2016; 39:1747-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Di Rosa M, Brundo VM, Malaguarnera L. New insights on chitinases immunologic activities. World J Immunol 2016; 6:96-104. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v6.i2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian chitinases and the related chilectins (ChiLs) belong to the GH18 family, which hydrolyse the glycosidic bond of chitin by a substrate-assisted mechanism. Chitin the fundamental component in the coating of numerous living species is the most abundant natural biopolymer. Mounting evidence suggest that the function of the majority of the mammalian chitinases is not exclusive to catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin producing pathogens, but include crucial role specific in the immunologic activities. The chitinases and chitinase-like proteins are expressed in response to different proinflammatory cues in various tissues by activated macrophages, neutrophils and in different monocyte-derived cell lines. The mechanism and molecular interaction of chitinases in relation to immune regulation embrace bacterial infection, inflammation, dismetabolic and degenerative disease. The aim of this review is to update the reader with regard to the role of chitinases proposed in the recent innate and adaptive immunity literature. The deep scrutiny of this family of enzymes could be a useful base for further studies addressed to the development of potential procedure directing these molecules as diagnostic and prognostic markers for numerous immune and inflammatory diseases.
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Kjaergaard AD, Johansen JS, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Role of inflammatory marker YKL-40 in the diagnosis, prognosis and cause of cardiovascular and liver diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:396-408. [PMID: 27187575 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1190683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes present evidence for the role of YKL-40 in the diagnosis, prognosis and cause of cardiovascular and alcoholic liver disease. The question of whether YKL-40 is merely a marker or a causal factor in the development of cardiovascular and liver disease is addressed, with emphasis on the Mendelian randomization design. The Mendelian randomization approach uses genetic variants associated with lifelong high plasma YKL-40 levels that are largely unconfounded and not prone to reverse causation. Thus, the approach mimics a controlled double-blind randomized trial, but it uses genetic variants rather than a drug and placebo, and like a blinded trial, it allows inference about causality. Moreover, the review also covers background on the molecular biology and functions of YKL-40, YKL-40 levels in healthy individuals and reference range, and the role of YKL-40 as a biomarker of cardiovascular and alcoholic liver disease. YKL-40 is a plasma protein named after its three N-terminal amino acids, Y (tyrosine), K (lysine) and L (leucine), and its molecular weight of 40 kDa. It is produced by local inflammatory cells in inflamed tissues, such as lipid-laden macrophages inside the vessel wall and perhaps also hepatic stellate cells. Observational studies show that plasma YKL-40 levels are elevated in patients with cardiovascular and liver disease and are associated with disease severity and prognosis. Furthermore, elevated plasma YKL-40 levels in apparently healthy individuals are associated with a 2-fold increased risk of future ischemic stroke and venous thromboembolism, but not with myocardial infarction, suggesting that YKL-40 could play a role in the formation of embolisms rather than atherosclerosis per se. Further, elevated YKL-40 levels combined with excessive alcohol consumption are associated with 10-years risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis of up to 7%, suggesting that YKL-40 can be used as a strong noninvasive marker of predicting alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Importantly, in Mendelian randomization studies, genetically elevated plasma YKL-40 levels were not associated with risk of cardiovascular and alcoholic liver disease, thus suggesting that plasma YKL-40 does not play a causal role in the development of these diseases. Despite this, plasma YKL-40 levels may play a role in disease progression after diagnosis, and inhibition of YKL-40 activity might be a novel therapy in some cardiovascular and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Kjaergaard
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - J S Johansen
- b Department of Medicine and Oncology , Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark .,c Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - S E Bojesen
- c Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark .,d Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Copenhagen , Denmark .,e The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Denmark , and.,f The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - B G Nordestgaard
- c Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark .,d Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Copenhagen , Denmark .,e The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Denmark , and.,f The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
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Di Rosa M, Malaguarnera L. Chitinase 3 Like-1: An Emerging Molecule Involved in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. Pathobiology 2016; 83:228-42. [DOI: 10.1159/000444855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Serum YKL-40 in young patients with β-thalassemia major: Relation to hepatitis C virus infection, liver stiffness by transient elastography and cardiovascular complications. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 56:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Anand V, Jaswal S, Singh S, Kumar S, Jena MK, Verma AK, Yadav ML, Janjanam J, Lotfan M, Malakar D, Dang AK, Mohanty TK, Kaushik JK, Mohanty AK. Functional characterization of Mammary Gland Protein-40, a chitinase-like glycoprotein expressed during mammary gland apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 21:209-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Di Rosa M, Distefano G, Zorena K, Malaguarnera L. Chitinases and immunity: Ancestral molecules with new functions. Immunobiology 2015; 221:399-411. [PMID: 26686909 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases belonging to 18 glycosyl hydrolase family is an ancient gene family that is widely expressed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In humans, despite the absence of endogenous chitin, a number of Chitinases and Chitinase-like Proteins (C/CLPs) have been identified. Chitinases with enzymatic activity have a chitin binding domain containing six cysteine residues responsible for their binding to chitin. In contrast, CLPs do not contain such typical chitin-binding domains, but still can bind to chitin with high affinity. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that active Chitinases result from an early gene duplication event. Further duplication events, followed by mutations leading to loss of chitinase activity, allowed evolution of the chi-lectins. For the majority of the mammalian chitinases the last decades have witnessed the appearance of a substantial number of studies describing their expression differentially regulated during more specific immunologic activities. It is becoming increasingly clear that their function is not exclusive to catalyse the hydrolysis of chitin producing pathogens, but include crucial role in bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases. Here we provide an overview of all family members to shed light on the mechanisms and molecular interactions of Chitinases and CLPs in relation to immune response regulation, in order to delineate their future utilization as diagnostic and prognostic markers for numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Gisella Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
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Bohr S, Patel SJ, Vasko R, Shen K, Golberg A, Berthiaume F, Yarmush ML. The Role of CHI3L1 (Chitinase-3-Like-1) in the Pathogenesis of Infections in Burns in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140440. [PMID: 26528713 PMCID: PMC4631332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe burn injury the unique setting of a depleted, dysfunctional immune system along with a loss of barrier function commonly results in opportunistic infections that eventually proof fatal. Unfortunately, the dynamic sequence of bacterial contamination, colonization and eventually septic invasion with bacteria such as Pseudomonas species is still poorly understood although a limiting factor in clinical decision making. Increasing evidence supports the notion that inhibition of bacterial translocation into the wound site may be an effective alternative to prevent infection. In this context we investigated the role of the mammalian Chitinase-3-Like-1 (CHI3L1) non-enyzmatic protein predominately expressed on epithelial as well as innate immune cells as a potential bacterial-translocation-mediating factor. We show a strong trend that a modulation of chitinase expression is likely to be effective in reducing mortality rates in a mouse model of burn injury with superinfection with the opportunistic PA14 Pseudomonas strain, thus demonstrating possible clinical leverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bohr
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department Plastic and Hand Surgery—Burn Center, UKA University Clinics RWTH, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Suraj J. Patel
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Radovan Vasko
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, UMG University Clinics, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Keyue Shen
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
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Przybyłowski P, Janik L, Wasilewski G, Nowak E, Koźlik P, Małyszko J. YKL-40, a novel marker of cardiovascular complications, is related to kidney function in heart transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:2860-3. [PMID: 25380936 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YKL-40 is an inflammatory glycoprotein involved in endothelial dysfunction and expressed in macrophages in the earliest lesions of atherosclerosis. Elevated serum YKL-40 levels are independently associated with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality. Because there are no data on heart transplant recipients and because they are prone to cardiovascular complications, the aim of this study was to assess YKL-40 in this population with particular attention to its relationship with endothelial damage. We studied 84 patients after heart transplantation. Healthy volunteers served as control subjects. METHODS Complete blood count, urea, creatinine, lipids, fasting glucose, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and iron status were studied with the use of standard laboratory methods. We assessed YKL-40, copeptin, markers of inflammation high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin (IL) 6, and markers of endothelial cell injury von Willebrand factor (vWF) and midkine with the use of commercially available assays. RESULTS Mean levels of YKL-40, IL-6, vWF, and hsCRP were significantly higher in heart allograft recipients than in the control group (P < .001). In univariate analysis, YKL-40 was related to kidney function (creatinine, r = 0.63 [P < .001]; estimated glomerular filtration rate, r = -0.44 [P < .001]), NT-proBNP (r = 0.45; P < .001), age (r = 0.33; P < .01), time after transplantation (r = 0.23; P < .05), copeptin (r = -0.42; P < .001), soluble transferrin receptor (r = 0.24; P < .05), hemoglobin (r = -0.42; P < .001), transferrin (r = -0.31; P < .01), haptoglobin (r = 0.39; P < .001), cystatin C (r = 0.55; P < .001), ejection fraction (r = -0.28; P < .05), New York Heart Association functional class (r = -0.41; P < .01), hsCRP (r = 0.26; P < .05), IL-6 (r = 0.23; P < .05), vWF (r = -0.40; P < .001), and midkine (r = 0.33; P < .01). In multivariate analysis, only creatinine was found to be a predictor of YKL-40 (β = 0.59; P = .02), explaining 56% of the variation in YKL-40 levels in heart allograft recipients. CONCLUSIONS YKL-40 may contribute to the enhanced risk of cardiovascular complications mainly owing to impaired renal function in patients after heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Przybyłowski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland.
| | - L Janik
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - G Wasilewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - E Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Angiology, Brothers Hospitallers' of St John of God Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Koźlik
- Medical Department, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Małyszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Analysis of the autologous chondrocyte quality of matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation in the knee joint. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2015; 40:205-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-2825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Understanding the Mysterious M2 Macrophage through Activation Markers and Effector Mechanisms. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:816460. [PMID: 26089604 PMCID: PMC4452191 DOI: 10.1155/2015/816460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1163] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. Today the M2 macrophages are identified based on the expression pattern of a set of M2 markers. These markers are transmembrane glycoproteins, scavenger receptors, enzymes, growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and cytokine receptors with diverse and often yet unexplored functions. This review discusses whether these M2 markers can be reliably used to identify M2 macrophages and define their functional subdivisions. Also, it provides an update on the novel signals of the tissue environment and the neuroendocrine system which shape the M2 activation. The possible evolutionary roots of the M2 macrophage functions are also discussed.
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Yang E, Zheng H, Peng H, Ding Y. Lentivirus-induced knockdown of LRP1 induces osteoarthritic-like effects and increases susceptibility to apoptosis in chondrocytes via the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:97-105. [PMID: 26170918 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is known to regulate cell survival and inflammation. The present study investigated the involvement of LRP1 in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13. Furthermore, the study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of LRP1 on TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis of chondrocytes. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference techniques were used to knockdown the LRP1 gene. Subsequently, the effects of LRP1 on TNF-α-induced MMP-13 expression were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and ELISA. Furthermore, the TNF-α-induced intracellular pathway was investigated using a nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor (Bay 11-7082). In addition, the effect of LRP1 regulation on growth and apoptosis in chondrocytes was investigated using western blot analysis and a TUNEL assay. LRP1 knockdown was shown to increase TNF-α-induced MMP-13 expression via the activation of the NF-κB (p65) pathway, which reduced the expression of collagen type II and cell viability. In addition, LRP1 inhibited cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of phospho-Akt and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), while suppressing the expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein. The results of the present study indicated that LRP1 was able to inhibit TNF-α-induced apoptosis and inflammation in chondrocytes. Therefore, LRP1 may be an effective osteoarthritis inhibitor, potentially providing a novel approach for antiarthritic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erping Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yinyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Bhardwaj R, Yester JW, Singh SK, Biswas DD, Surace MJ, Waters MR, Hauser KF, Yao Z, Boyce BF, Kordula T. RelB/p50 complexes regulate cytokine-induced YKL-40 expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2862-70. [PMID: 25681350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The secreted protein, YKL-40, has been proposed as a biomarker of a variety of human diseases characterized by ongoing inflammation, including chronic neurologic pathologies such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. However, inflammatory mediators and the molecular mechanism responsible for enhanced expression of YKL-40 remained elusive. Using several mouse models of inflammation, we now show that YKL-40 expression correlated with increased expression of both IL-1 and IL-6. Furthermore, IL-1 together with IL-6 or the IL-6 family cytokine, oncostatin M, synergistically upregulated YKL-40 expression in both primary human and mouse astrocytes in vitro. The robust cytokine-driven expression of YKL-40 in astrocytes required both STAT3 and NF-κB binding elements of the YKL-40 promoter. In addition, YKL-40 expression was enhanced by constitutively active STAT3 and inhibited by dominant-negative IκBα. Surprisingly, cytokine-driven expression of YKL-40 in astrocytes was independent of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and instead required subunits RelB and p50. Mechanistically, we show that IL-1-induced RelB/p50 complex formation was further promoted by oncostatin M and that these complexes directly bound to the YKL-40 promoter. Moreover, we found that expression of RelB was strongly upregulated during inflammation in vivo and by IL-1 in astrocytes in vitro. We propose that IL-1 and the IL-6 family of cytokines regulate YKL-40 expression during sterile inflammation via both STAT3 and RelB/p50 complexes. These results suggest that IL-1 may regulate the expression of specific anti-inflammatory genes in nonlymphoid tissues via the canonical activation of the RelB/p50 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetika Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jessie W Yester
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Debolina D Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael J Surace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael R Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298.
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48
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Evaluation of Circulating YKL-40 Levels in Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. Lung 2014; 192:975-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jeet V, Tevz G, Lehman M, Hollier B, Nelson C. Elevated YKL40 is associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and positively regulates invasion and migration of PCa cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:723-37. [PMID: 24981110 PMCID: PMC4134518 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL40) is a secreted glycoprotein highly expressed in tumours from patients with advanced stage cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). The exact function of YKL40 is poorly understood, but it has been shown to play an important role in promoting tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. The therapeutic value and biological function of YKL40 are unknown in PCa. The objective of this study was to examine the expression and function of YKL40 in PCa. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that YKL40 was highly expressed in metastatic PCa cells when compared with less invasive and normal prostate epithelial cell lines. In addition, the expression was primarily limited to androgen receptor-positive cell lines. Evaluation of YKL40 tissue expression in PCa patients showed a progressive increase in patients with aggressive disease when compared with those with less aggressive cancers and normal controls. Treatment of LNCaP and C4-2B cells with androgens increased YKL40 expression, whereas treatment with an anti-androgen agent decreased the gene expression of YKL40 in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Furthermore, knockdown of YKL40 significantly decreased invasion and migration of PCa cells, whereas overexpression rendered them more invasive and migratory, which was commensurate with an enhancement in the anchorage-independent growth of cells. To our knowledge, this study characterises the role of YKL40 for the first time in PCa. Together, these results suggest that YKL40 plays an important role in PCa progression and thus inhibition of YKL40 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Jeet
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - QueenslandInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, AustraliaDepartment of Urologic SciencesVancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregor Tevz
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - QueenslandInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, AustraliaDepartment of Urologic SciencesVancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melanie Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - QueenslandInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, AustraliaDepartment of Urologic SciencesVancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaAustralian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - QueenslandInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, AustraliaDepartment of Urologic SciencesVancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brett Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - QueenslandInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, AustraliaDepartment of Urologic SciencesVancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - QueenslandInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, AustraliaDepartment of Urologic SciencesVancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaAustralian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - QueenslandInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, AustraliaDepartment of Urologic SciencesVancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kao TH, Peng YJ, Tsou HK, Salter DM, Lee HS. Nerve growth factor promotes expression of novel genes in intervertebral disc cells that regulate tissue degradation. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 21:653-61. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.6.spine13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Object
Increased neurotrophin activity in degenerative intervertebral discs (IVDs) is one potential cause of chronic low-back pain (LBP). The aim of the study was to assess if nerve growth factor (NGF) might alter gene expression of IVD cells and contribute to disc degeneration by enhancing expression or activity of factors that cause breakdown of IVD matrix.
Methods
Rat-tail IVD cells were stimulated by NGF and subjected to microarray analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry of rat and human IVD cells and tissues treated with NGF in vitro in the absence or presence of the NGF inhibitor Ro 08-2750 were used to confirm findings of the microarray studies. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was used to identify cell signaling pathways involved in NGF stimulation in the absence or presence of Ro 08-2750.
Results
Microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3l1), lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), and matrix metalloproteinase–3 (Mmp3) following NGF stimulation of rat IVD cells in vitro. Increased gene expression was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction with a relative increase in the Mmp/Timp ratio. Increased expression of Chi3l1, Lcn2, and Mmp3 following NGF stimulation was also demonstrated in rat cells and human tissue in vitro. Effects of NGF on protein expression were blocked by an NGF inhibitor and appear to function through the extracellular-regulation kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) MAPK pathway.
Conclusions
Nerve growth factor has potential effects on matrix turnover activity and influences the catabolic/anabolic balance of IVD cells in an adverse way that may potentiate IVD degeneration. Anti-NGF treatment might be beneficial to ameliorate progressive tissue breakdown in IVD degeneration and may lead to pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsien Kao
- 1Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, and
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung;
- Departments of 4Acupressure Technology and
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- 2Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Hsi-Kai Tsou
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung;
- 5Early Childhood Care and Education, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China; and
| | - Donald M. Salter
- 6Osteoarticular Research Group, Molecular Medicine Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- 1Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, and
- 2Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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