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Poustforoosh A, Faramarz S, Negahdaripour M, Tüzün B, Hashemipour H. Investigation on the mechanisms by which the herbal remedies induce anti-prostate cancer activity: uncovering the most practical natural compound. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3349-3362. [PMID: 37194430 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2213344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most reported cancers among men worldwide. Targeting the essential proteins associated with PCa could be a promising method for cancer treatment. Traditional and herbal remedies (HRs) are the most practical approaches for PCa treatment. Here, the proteins and enzymes associated with PCa were determined based on the information obtained from the DisGeNET database. The proteins with a gene-disease association (GDA) score greater than 0.7 and the genes that have a disease specificity index (DSI) = 1 were selected as the target proteins. 28 HRs with anti-PCa activity as a traditional treatment for PCa were chosen as potential bioactive compounds. More than 500 compound-protein complexes were screened to find the top-ranked bioactives. The results were further evaluated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculations. The outcomes revealed that procyanidin B2 3,3'-di-O-gallate (B2G2), the most active ingredient of grape seed extract (GSE), can act as an agonist for PTEN. PTEN has a key role in suppressing PCa cells by applying phosphatase activity and inhibiting cell proliferation. B2G2 exhibited a considerable binding affinity to PTEN (11.643 kcal/mol). The MD results indicated that B2G2 could stabilize the key residues of the phosphatase domain of PTEN and increase its activity. Based on the obtained results, the active ingredient of GSE, B2G2, could play an agonist role and effectively increase the phosphatase activity of PTEN. The grape seed extract is a useful nutrition that can be used in men's diets to inhibit PCa in their bodies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Poustforoosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Burak Tüzün
- Plant and Animal Production Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School of Sivas, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hassan Hashemipour
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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2
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Chesnokova LS, Mosher BS, Fulkerson HL, Nam HW, Shakya AK, Yurochko AD. Distinct early role of PTEN regulation during HCMV infection of monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312290121. [PMID: 38483999 PMCID: PMC10962971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312290121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of monocytes is essential for viral dissemination and persistence. We previously identified that HCMV entry/internalization and subsequent productive infection of this clinically relevant cell type is distinct when compared to other infected cells. We showed that internalization and productive infection required activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and integrin/c-Src, via binding of viral glycoprotein B to EGFR, and the pentamer complex to β1/β3 integrins. To understand how virus attachment drives entry, we compared infection of monocytes with viruses containing the pentamer vs. those without the pentamer and then used a phosphoproteomic screen to identify potential phosphorylated proteins that influence HCMV entry and trafficking. The screen revealed that the most prominent pentamer-biased phosphorylated protein was the lipid- and protein-phosphatase phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). PTEN knockdown with siRNA or PTEN inhibition with a PTEN inhibitor decreased pentamer-mediated HCMV entry, without affecting trimer-mediated entry. Inhibition of PTEN activity affected lipid metabolism and interfered with the onset of the endocytic processes required for HCMV entry. PTEN inactivation was sufficient to rescue pentamer-null HCMV from lysosomal degradation. We next examined dephosphorylation of a PTEN substrate Rab7, a regulator of endosomal maturation. Inhibition of PTEN activity prevented dephosphorylation of Rab7. Phosphorylated Rab7, in turn, blocked early endosome to late endosome maturation and promoted nuclear localization of the virus and productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila S. Chesnokova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Bailey S. Mosher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Heather L. Fulkerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Hyung W. Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Akhalesh K. Shakya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
| | - Andrew D. Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Feist-Weller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center for Excellence in Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
- Center of Excellence for Emerging Viral Threats, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103
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Kim SW, Kim CW, Kim HS. Scoparone attenuates PD-L1 expression in human breast cancer cells by MKP-3 upregulation. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:55-65. [PMID: 38348341 PMCID: PMC10860470 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2315950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a frequently occurring malignant tumor that is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Monoclonal antibodies that block programed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) - a typical immune checkpoint - are currently the recommended standard therapies for many advanced and metastatic tumors such as triple-negative breast cancer. However, some patients develop drug resistance, leading to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Therefore, other approaches are required for anticancer treatments, such as downregulation of PD-L1 expression and promotion of degradation of PD-L1. Scoparone (SCO) is a bioactive compound isolated from Artemisia capillaris that exhibits antitumor activity. However, the effect of SCO on PD-L1 expression in cancer has not been confirmed yet. This study aimed to evaluate the role of SCO in PD-L1 expression in breast cancer cells in vitro. Our results show that SCO downregulated PD-L1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, via AKT inhibition. Interestingly, SCO treatment did not alter PTEN expression, but increased the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3). In addition, the SCO-induced decrease in PD-L1 expression was reversed by siRNA-mediated MKP-3 knockdown. Collectively, these findings suggest that SCO inhibited the expression of PD-L1 in breast cancer cells by upregulating MKP-3 expression. Therefore, SCO may serve as an innovative combinatorial agent for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Cancer Immunotherapy Evaluation Team, Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (KBIO Health), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Tuncer SÇ, Gur C, Kucukler S, Akarsu SA, Kandemir FM. Effects of zingerone on rat induced testicular toxicity by sodium arsenite via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:603-610. [PMID: 38629098 PMCID: PMC11017849 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.73342.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of zingerone (ZNG) treatment on testicular toxicity in rats induced by sodium arsenite (SA). Materials and Methods In the study, five groups were formed (n=7) and the experimental groups were designated as follows; Vehicle group, ZNG group, SA group, SA+ZNG 25 group, and SA+ZNG 50 group. While SA was administered orally to rats at 10 mg/kg/bw, ZNG was given to rats orally at 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw doses for 14 days. Results As a result of the presented study, an increase was observed in the MDA contents of the testicular tissue of the rats administered SA, while significant decreases were observed in GSH levels, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities. The mRNA transcript levels of the pro-inflammatory genes NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were triggered after SA administration. Additionally, SA administration caused inflammation by increasing RAGE, NLRP3, and JAK-2/STAT3 gene expression. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurred in the testicular tissues of SA-treated rats and thus ATF-6, PERK, IRE1, and GRP78 genes were up-regulated. SA caused apoptosis by up-regulating Bax and Caspase-3 expressions and inhibiting Bcl-2 expression in testicles. SA caused histological irregularities in the testicles, resulting in decreased sperm quality. Conclusion ZNG treatment reduced SA-induced oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and histological irregularities in the testicles while increasing sperm quality. As a result, it was observed that ZNG could alleviate the toxicity caused by SA in the testicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Çiğdem Tuncer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ali Akarsu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Boti MA, Adamopoulos PG, Vassilacopoulou D, Scorilas A. Unraveling the Concealed Transcriptomic Landscape of PTEN in Human Malignancies. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:250-262. [PMID: 38169628 PMCID: PMC10758127 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029265367231013113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphatase and tensin homolog, widely known as PTEN, is a major negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, involved in the regulation of a variety of important cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth, survival, and metabolism. Since most of the molecules involved in this biological pathway have been described as key regulators in cancer, the study of the corresponding genes at several levels is crucial. Objective Although previous studies have elucidated the physiological role of PTEN under normal conditions and its involvement in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, the transcriptional profile of PTEN has been poorly investigated. Methods In this study, instead of conducting the "gold-standard" direct RNA sequencing that fails to detect less abundant novel mRNAs due to the decreased sequencing depth, we designed and implemented a multiplexed PTEN-targeted sequencing approach that combined both short- and long-read sequencing. Results Our study has highlighted a broad spectrum of previously unknown PTEN mRNA transcripts and assessed their expression patterns in a wide range of human cancer and non-cancer cell lines, shedding light on the involvement of PTEN in cell cycle dysregulation and thus tumor development. Conclusion The identification of the described novel PTEN splice variants could have significant implications for understanding PTEN regulation and function, and provide new insights into PTEN biology, opening new avenues for monitoring PTEN-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela A. Boti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G. Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ertay A, Ewing RM, Wang Y. Synthetic lethal approaches to target cancers with loss of PTEN function. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2511-2527. [PMID: 37533462 PMCID: PMC7614861 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumour suppressor gene and has a role in inhibiting the oncogenic AKT signalling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The function of PTEN is regulated by different mechanisms and inactive PTEN results in aggressive tumour phenotype and tumorigenesis. Identifying targeted therapies for inactive tumour suppressor genes such as PTEN has been challenging as it is difficult to restore the tumour suppressor functions. Therefore, focusing on the downstream signalling pathways to discover a targeted therapy for inactive tumour suppressor genes has highlighted the importance of synthetic lethality studies. This review focuses on the potential synthetic lethality genes discovered in PTEN-inactive cancer types. These discovered genes could be potential targeted therapies for PTEN-inactive cancer types and may improve the treatment response rates for aggressive types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ertay
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rob M. Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Liu J, Pan Y, Liu Y, Wei W, Hu X, Xin W, Chen N. The regulation of PTEN: Novel insights into functions as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1693-1715. [PMID: 37334436 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the implications of the primary tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in aggressive cancer development. PTEN interacts with other cellular proteins or factors suggesting the existence of an intricate molecular network that regulates their oncogenic function. Accumulating evidence has shown that PTEN exists and plays a role in the cytoplasmic organelles and in the nucleus. PTEN blocks phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3,4,5-triphosphate to PI-4,5-bisphosphate thus counteracting PI3K function. Studies have shown that PTEN expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels (including protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications). Despite recent advances in PTEN research, the regulation and function of the PTEN gene remain largely unknown. How mutation or loss of specific exons in the PTEN gene occurs and involves in cancer development is not clear. This review illustrates the regulatory mechanisms of PTEN expression and discusses how PTEN participates in tumor development and/or suppression. Future prospects for the clinical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Inactivation of PTEN and ZFHX3 in Mammary Epithelial Cells Alters Patterns of Collective Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010313. [PMID: 36613756 PMCID: PMC9820126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing of invasive mammary carcinomas revealed the association of mutations in PTEN and ZFHX3 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). We generated single and combined PTEN and ZFHX3 knock-outs (KOs) in the immortalized mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A to study the role of these genes and their potential synergy in migration regulation. Inactivation of PTEN, but not ZFHX3, induced the formation of large colonies in soft agar. ZFHX3 inactivation in PTEN KO, however, increased colony numbers and normalized their size. Cell migration was affected in different ways upon PTEN and ZFHX3 KO. Inactivation of PTEN enhanced coordinated cell motility and thus, the collective migration of epithelial islets and wound healing. In contrast, ZFHX3 knockout resulted in the acquisition of uncoordinated cell movement associated with the appearance of immature adhesive junctions (AJs) and the increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Inactivation of the two TSGs thus induces different stages of partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). Upon double KO (DKO), cells displayed still another motile state, characterized by a decreased coordination in collective migration and high levels of vimentin but a restoration of mature linear AJs. This study illustrates the plasticity of migration modes of mammary cells transformed by a combination of cancer-associated genes.
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Viennet T, Rodriguez Ospina S, Lu Y, Cui A, Arthanari H, Dempsey DR. Chemical and structural approaches to investigate PTEN function and regulation. Methods Enzymol 2022; 682:289-318. [PMID: 36948705 PMCID: PMC10037535 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog is a lipid phosphatase that serves as the major negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway. It catalyzes the 3'-specific dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) to generate PIP2. PTEN's lipid phosphatase function depends on several domains, including an N-terminal segment spanning the first 24 amino acids, which results in a catalytically impaired enzyme when mutated. Furthermore, PTEN is regulated by a cluster of phosphorylation sites located on its C-terminal tail at Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, which drives its conformation from an open to a closed autoinhibited but stable state. Herein, we discuss the protein chemical strategies we used to reveal the structure and mechanism of how PTEN's terminal regions govern its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Viennet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Santiago Rodriguez Ospina
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yunqi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R Dempsey
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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Kang D, Baek Y, Lee JS. Mechanisms of RNA and Protein Quality Control and Their Roles in Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244062. [PMID: 36552825 PMCID: PMC9777292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various stimuli. It plays both beneficial and detrimental roles in cellular homeostasis and diseases. Quality control (QC) is important for the proper maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The QC machineries regulate the integrity of RNA and protein by repairing or degrading them, and are dysregulated during cellular senescence. QC dysfunction also contributes to multiple age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative, muscle, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we describe the characters of cellular senescence, discuss the major mechanisms of RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging, and comprehensively describe the involvement of these QC machineries in age-related diseases. There are many open questions regarding RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging. We believe that a better understanding of these topics could propel the development of new strategies for addressing age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kang
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Baek
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9832; Fax: +82-32-885-8302
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Hedna R, Kovacic H, Pagano A, Peyrot V, Robin M, Devred F, Breuzard G. Tau Protein as Therapeutic Target for Cancer? Focus on Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5386. [PMID: 36358803 PMCID: PMC9653627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being extensively studied for several decades, the microtubule-associated protein Tau has not finished revealing its secrets. For long, Tau has been known for its ability to promote microtubule assembly. A less known feature of Tau is its capability to bind to cancer-related protein kinases, suggesting a possible role of Tau in modulating microtubule-independent cellular pathways that are associated with oncogenesis. With the intention of finding new therapeutic targets for cancer, it appears essential to examine the interaction of Tau with these kinases and their consequences. This review aims at collecting the literature data supporting the relationship between Tau and cancer with a particular focus on glioblastoma tumors in which the pathological significance of Tau remains largely unexplored. We will first treat this subject from a mechanistic point of view showing the pivotal role of Tau in oncogenic processes. Then, we will discuss the involvement of Tau in dysregulating critical pathways in glioblastoma. Finally, we will outline promising strategies to target Tau protein for the therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Hedna
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Pagano
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Peyrot
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Robin
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR 7263, CNRS, IRD 237, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - François Devred
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Breuzard
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
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12
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Cho YS, Kim HR, Park SJ, Chung SW, Ko YG, Yeo JH, Lee J, Kim SK, Choi JU, Kim SY, Byun Y. Sustained potentiation of bystander killing via PTEN-loss driven macropinocytosis targeted peptide-drug conjugate therapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Tan K, Stupack DG, Wilkinson MF. Nonsense-mediated RNA decay: an emerging modulator of malignancy. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:437-451. [PMID: 35624152 PMCID: PMC11009036 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved RNA turnover pathway that selectively degrades RNAs harbouring truncating mutations that prematurely terminate translation, including nonsense, frameshift and some splice-site mutations. Recent studies show that NMD shapes the mutational landscape of tumours by selecting for mutations that tend to downregulate the expression of tumour suppressor genes but not oncogenes. This suggests that NMD can benefit tumours, a notion further supported by the finding that mRNAs encoding immunogenic neoantigen peptides are typically targeted for decay by NMD. Together, this raises the possibility that NMD-inhibitory therapy could be of therapeutic benefit against many tumour types, including those with a high load of neoantigen-generating mutations. Complicating this scenario is the evidence that NMD can also be detrimental for many tumour types, and consequently tumours often have perturbed NMD. NMD may suppress tumour generation and progression by degrading subsets of specific normal mRNAs, including those encoding stress-response proteins, signalling factors and other proteins beneficial for tumours, as well as pro-tumour non-coding RNAs. Together, these findings suggest that NMD-modulatory therapy has the potential to provide widespread therapeutic benefit against diverse tumour types. However, whether NMD should be stimulated or repressed requires careful analysis of the tumour to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dwayne G Stupack
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Zou M, Sun X, Huang X, Xu S. Dibutyl phthalate-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in swine testis cells and therapy of naringenin via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1840-1852. [PMID: 35363423 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a phthalic acid ester (PAE) that has posed a health hazard to the organisms. Naringenin (NRG) is a flavanone compound that has shown protection against several environmental chemicals through suppression of oxidative stress and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Herein, swine testis (ST) cells were treated with 1.8 μM of DBP or/and 25.39 nM of NRG for 24 h, we described the discovery path of NRG inhibition on apoptosis in DBP-exposed ST cells through targeting phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). We first found that the anti-apoptosis effect of NRG is dependent on mitochondrial pathway through flow cytometry and related gene/protein expression, and then we detected PI3K/AKT pathway-related gene/protein expression, and established a computational docking assay between NRG and PTEN. We found that NRG specifically binds to three basic residues (His93, Lys125, Lys128) of P loop in PTEN, as well as phosphatase domains (Asp92, His93, Cys124, Lys125, Ala126, Lys128, and Arg130) in active dephosphorylation pockets, thereby reducing PTEN level and activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and further inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. Taken together, our results push forward that NRG deserves further attention as a potential antagonistic therapy against DBP through targeting PTEN to inhibit oxidative stress and activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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15
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Zou Q, Ma S, Tian X, Cai Q. Comprehensive view on genetic features, therapeutic modalities and prognostic models in adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. BLOOD SCIENCE 2022; 4:155-160. [DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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The role of the PTEN/mTOR axis in clinical response of rectal cancer patients. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8461-8472. [PMID: 35729481 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative chemoradiotherapy has long been accepted as a method to improve survival and lifetime quality of rectal cancer patients. However, physiologic effects of these therapies largely depend on the resistance of cells to the radiation, type of chemotherapeutic agents and individual responses. As one of the signaling cascades involved in chemo- or radiation- resistance, the present study focused on several proteins involved in pTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway to explore their prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from advanced stage rectal cancer patients were analyzed to detect expression levels of pTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway related proteins pTEN, mLST8, REDD1, BNIP3, SAG and NOXA, together with p53, by RT-qPCR. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess expression-survival relation and correlations among all proteins and clinicopathological features were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Except p53, none of the proteins showed prognostic significance. High p53 expression presented clear impact on overall survival and disease free survival. It was also significantly related to pathologic complete response. p53 showed high correlation to local recurrence as well. On the other hand, strong correlation was observed with PTEN expression and tumor response, but not with survival. High associations were also observed between mLST8/REDD1, PTEN and NOXA, confirming their role in the same cascade. CONCLUSION The contentious role of p53 as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer was further affirmed, while PTEN and REDD1 could be suggested as potential candidates. Additionally, NOXA emerges as a conjunctive element for different signaling pathways.
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Conciatori F, Salvati E, Ciuffreda L, Shirasawa S, Falcone I, Cognetti F, Ferretti G, Zeuli M, Del Bufalo D, Bazzichetto C, Milella M. Fibroblast-Induced Paradoxical PI3K Pathway Activation in PTEN-Competent Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic PI3K/mTOR Inhibition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862806. [PMID: 35719951 PMCID: PMC9203999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor-microenvironment interactions are important determinants of drug resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). We, therefore, set out to understand how interactions between genetically characterized CRC cells and stromal fibroblasts might influence response to molecularly targeted inhibitors. Techniques Sensitivity to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors of CRC cell lines, with known genetic background, was investigated under different culture conditions [serum-free medium, fibroblasts’ conditioned medium (CM), direct co-culture]. Molecular pathway activation was monitored using Western Blot analysis. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect specific mTOR complex activation. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze cellular PTEN distribution, while different mutant PTEN plasmids were used to map the observed function to specific PTEN protein domains. Results Exposure to fibroblast-CM resulted in increased growth-inhibitory response to double PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in PTEN-competent CRC cell lines harboring KRAS and PI3K mutations. Such functional effect was attributable to fibroblast-CM induced paradoxical PI3K/mTORC1 pathway activation, occurring in the presence of a functional PTEN protein. At a molecular level, fibroblast-CM induced C-tail phosphorylation and cytoplasmic redistribution of the PTEN protein, thereby impairing its lipid phosphatase function and favored the formation of active, RAPTOR-containing, mTORC1 complexes. However, PTEN’s lipid phosphatase function appeared to be dispensable, while complex protein-protein interactions, also involving PTEN/mTOR co-localization and subcellular distribution, were crucial for both mTORC1 activation and sensitivity to double PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Data Interpretation Microenvironmental cues, in particular soluble factors produced by stromal fibroblasts, profoundly influence PI3K pathway signaling and functional response to specific inhibitors in CRC cells, depending on their mutational background and PTEN status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Salvati
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology -National Research Council (BPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation (SAFU), Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Central Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Italia Falcone
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation (SAFU), Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ferretti
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeuli
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
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Wu Y, Wang J, Ge L, Hu Q. Significance of a PTEN Mutational Status-Associated Gene Signature in the Progression and Prognosis of Endometrial Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5130648. [PMID: 35251475 PMCID: PMC8890874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5130648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN mutations have been reported to be involved in the development and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC). However, a prognostic gene signature associated with PTEN mutational status has not yet been developed. In this study, we generated a PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature for EC. METHODS We obtained the single-nucleotide variation and transcriptomic profiling data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database as training data and implemented the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm to establish a PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature. The overall survival rates of the high-risk and low-risk groups were determined with the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method, and the accuracy of risk score prediction was tested by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The K-M curves revealed that the EC patients with PTEN mutations augured favorable survival outcomes. Differential expression analysis between the EC patients with PTEN mutation and wild-type PTEN identified 224 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Eighty-four DEGs that manifested prognostic value were fitted into the LASSO-Cox analysis, and a PTEN gene signature with seven mutation-associated prognostic genes that showed robust prognostic ability was constructed; this signature was then successfully validated in the other two datasets from the cBioPortal database as well as with 60 clinical specimens. Furthermore, the PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature proved to be an independent prognostic predictor of EC. Remarkably, the EC patients in the high-risk group were characterized by higher tumor stages and grades as well as lower tumor mutation burden with respect to EC, with a poor survival outcome. Collectively, the PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature that we developed could now be used as a favorable prognostic biomarker for EC. CONCLUSION In summary, we developed and validated a prognostic predictor for EC associated with PTEN mutational status that may be used as a favorable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Misra S, Ghosh G, Chowdhury SG, Karmakar P. Non-canonical function of nuclear PTEN and its implication on tumorigenesis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103197. [PMID: 34359000 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of genomic instability is the key to prevent tumor development. PTEN is a unique tumor suppressor protein having both lipid and protein phosphatase activities. Interestingly though it is a cytoplasmic protein, but a significant pool of PTEN can also be localized in nucleus. The function of cytoplasmic PTEN is well defined and extensively studied in various literatures focusing mainly on the negative regulation of oncogenic PI-3Kinase-AKT pathway but functional regulation of nuclear PTEN is less defined and therefore it is a fascinating subject of research in cancer biology. Post-translation modulation of PTEN such as phosphorylation, sumorylation, acetylation and methylation also regulates its cellular localization, protein-protein association and catalytic function. Loss or mutation in PTEN is associated with the development of tumors in various tissues from the brain to prostate. Here we have summarized the role of nuclear PTEN and its epigenetic modulation in various DNA metabolic pathways, for example, DNA damage response, DNA repair, DNA replication, DNA segregation etc. Further, pathways involved in nuclear PTEN degradation are also discussed. Additionally, we also emphasize probable potential targets associated with PTEN pathway for chemotherapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Misra
- PG Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, EB-2 Sector-1, Saltlake, Kolkata, India
| | - Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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20
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Rujchanarong D, Lefler J, Saunders JE, Pippin S, Spruill L, Bethard JR, Ball LE, Mehta AS, Drake RR, Ostrowski MC, Angel PM. Defining the Tumor Microenvironment by Integration of Immunohistochemistry and Extracellular Matrix Targeted Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4419. [PMID: 34503228 PMCID: PMC8430776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast stroma plays a significant role in breast cancer risk and progression yet remains poorly understood. In breast stroma, collagen is the most abundantly expressed protein and its increased deposition and alignment contributes to progression and poor prognosis. Collagen post-translation modifications such as hydroxylated-proline (HYP) control deposition and stromal organization. The clinical relevance of collagen HYP site modifications in cancer processes remains undefined due to technical issues accessing collagen from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. We previously developed a targeted approach for investigating collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins from FFPE tissue. Here, we hypothesized that immunohistochemistry staining for fibroblastic markers would not interfere with targeted detection of collagen stroma peptides and could reveal peptide regulation influenced by specific cell types. Our initial work demonstrated that stromal peptide peak intensities when using MALD-IMS following IHC staining (αSMA, FAP, P4HA3 and PTEN) were comparable to serial sections of nonstained tissue. Analysis of histology-directed IMS using PTEN on breast tissues and TMAs revealed heterogeneous PTEN staining patterns and suggestive roles in stromal protein regulation. This study sets the foundation for investigations of target cell types and their unique contribution to collagen regulation within extracellular matrix niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Rujchanarong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Julia Lefler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.L.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Janet E. Saunders
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Sarah Pippin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Laura Spruill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Jennifer R. Bethard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Lauren E. Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.L.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.R.); (J.E.S.); (S.P.); (J.R.B.); (L.E.B.); (A.S.M.); (R.R.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.L.); (M.C.O.)
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Rascio F, Spadaccino F, Rocchetti MT, Castellano G, Stallone G, Netti GS, Ranieri E. The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3949. [PMID: 34439105 PMCID: PMC8394096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most frequently over-activated intracellular pathways in several human cancers. This pathway, acting on different downstream target proteins, contributes to the carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumour cells. A multi-level impairment, involving mutation and genetic alteration, aberrant regulation of miRNAs sequences, and abnormal phosphorylation of cascade factors, has been found in multiple cancer types. The deregulation of this pathway counteracts common therapeutic strategies and contributes to multidrug resistance. In this review, we underline the involvement of this pathway in patho-physiological cell survival mechanisms, emphasizing its key role in the development of drug resistance. We also provide an overview of the potential inhibition strategies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rascio
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
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Fry AL, Webster AK, Burnett J, Chitrakar R, Baugh LR, Hubbard EJA. DAF-18/PTEN inhibits germline zygotic gene activation during primordial germ cell quiescence. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009650. [PMID: 34288923 PMCID: PMC8294487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescence, an actively-maintained reversible state of cell cycle arrest, is not well understood. PTEN is one of the most frequently lost tumor suppressors in human cancers and regulates quiescence of stem cells and cancer cells. The sole PTEN ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans is daf-18. In a C. elegans loss-of-function mutant for daf-18, primordial germ cells (PGCs) divide inappropriately in L1 larvae hatched into starvation conditions, in a TOR-dependent manner. Here, we further investigated the role of daf-18 in maintaining PGC quiescence in L1 starvation. We found that maternal or zygotic daf-18 is sufficient to maintain cell cycle quiescence, that daf-18 acts in the germ line and soma, and that daf-18 affects timing of PGC divisions in fed animals. Importantly, our results also implicate daf-18 in repression of germline zygotic gene activation, though not in germline fate specification. However, TOR is less important to germline zygotic gene expression, suggesting that in the absence of food, daf-18/PTEN prevents inappropriate germline zygotic gene activation and cell division by distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Fry
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Amy K. Webster
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julia Burnett
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rojin Chitrakar
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - L. Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - E. Jane Albert Hubbard
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Lin J, Guan L, Ge L, Liu G, Bai Y, Liu X. Nanopore-based full-length transcriptome sequencing of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) ovary. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101246. [PMID: 34198095 PMCID: PMC8253917 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, studies on mechanisms that regulate waterfowl ovulation have been rarely reported. To advance our understanding of the ovulation differences in Muscovy duck, we utilized the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) to generate transcriptome data from 3 groups of female duck ovaries with ovulation differences (i.e., preovulation [PO], consecutive ovulation [CO], and inconsecutive ovulation [IO]). In this study, the full-length transcriptome data qualitative analysis showed that a total of 24,504 nonredundant full-length transcripts were generated, 19,060 new transcripts were discovered and 14,848 novel transcripts were successfully annotated. For the quantitative analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 3 groups were identified and functional properties were characterized. CTNNB1, IGF1, FOXO3, HSPA2, PTEN and SMC4 may be potential hub genes that regulate ovulation. Adhesion-related pathway, mTOR pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway have been considered as important pathways that affect follicular development and ovulation. These results provide a more complete data source of full-length transcriptome for the further study of gene expression and genetics in Muscovy duck. The hub genes and potential mechanisms that affect the ovulation of Muscovy duck have been screened out to provide a scientific basis for breeding work to improve the reproduction performance of Muscovy duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linfei Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyan Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Chao JT, Roskelley CD, Loewen CJR. MAPS: machine-assisted phenotype scoring enables rapid functional assessment of genetic variants by high-content microscopy. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:202. [PMID: 33879063 PMCID: PMC8056608 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing is widely used in evaluating a patient's predisposition to hereditary diseases. In the case of cancer, when a functionally impactful mutation (i.e. genetic variant) is identified in a disease-relevant gene, the patient is at elevated risk of developing a lesion in their lifetime. Unfortunately, as the rate and coverage of genetic testing has accelerated, our ability to assess the functional status of new variants has fallen behind. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more practical, streamlined and cost-effective methods for classifying variants. RESULTS To directly address this issue, we designed a new approach that uses alterations in protein subcellular localization as a key indicator of loss of function. Thus, new variants can be rapidly functionalized using high-content microscopy (HCM). To facilitate the analysis of the large amounts of imaging data, we developed a new software toolkit, named MAPS for machine-assisted phenotype scoring, that utilizes deep learning to extract and classify cell-level features. MAPS helps users leverage cloud-based deep learning services that are easy to train and deploy to fit their specific experimental conditions. Model training is code-free and can be done with limited training images. Thus, MAPS allows cell biologists to easily incorporate deep learning into their image analysis pipeline. We demonstrated an effective variant functionalization workflow that integrates HCM and MAPS to assess missense variants of PTEN, a tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in hereditary and somatic cancers. CONCLUSIONS This paper presents a new way to rapidly assess variant function using cloud deep learning. Since most tumor suppressors have well-defined subcellular localizations, our approach could be widely applied to functionalize variants of uncertain significance and help improve the utility of genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher J R Loewen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada
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Kim SH, Kang BC, Seong D, Lee WH, An JH, Je HU, Cha HJ, Chang HW, Kim SY, Kim SW, Han MW. EPHA3 Contributes to Epigenetic Suppression of PTEN in Radioresistant Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040599. [PMID: 33919657 PMCID: PMC8073943 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EPHA3, a member of the EPH family, is overexpressed in various cancers. We demonstrated previously that EPHA3 is associated with radiation resistance in head and neck cancer via the PTEN/Akt/EMT pathway; the inhibition of EPHA3 significantly enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of PTEN regulation through EPHA3-related signaling. Increased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) levels, along with increased histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) levels, correlated with decreased levels of PTEN in radioresistant head and neck cancer cells. Furthermore, PTEN is regulated in two ways: DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation, and EZH2-mediated histone methylation through EPHA3/C-myc signaling. Our results suggest that EPHA3 could display a novel regulatory mechanism for the epigenetic regulation of PTEN in radioresistant head and neck cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (B.-C.K.); (D.S.); (W.-H.L.); (J.-H.A.)
| | - Byung-Chul Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (B.-C.K.); (D.S.); (W.-H.L.); (J.-H.A.)
| | - Daseul Seong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (B.-C.K.); (D.S.); (W.-H.L.); (J.-H.A.)
| | - Won-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (B.-C.K.); (D.S.); (W.-H.L.); (J.-H.A.)
| | - Jae-Hee An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (B.-C.K.); (D.S.); (W.-H.L.); (J.-H.A.)
| | - Hyoung-Uk Je
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| | - Hee-Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (H.-W.C.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (H.-W.C.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong-Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-W.K.); (M.-W.H.)
| | - Myung-Woul Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (B.-C.K.); (D.S.); (W.-H.L.); (J.-H.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.-W.K.); (M.-W.H.)
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Peng J, Lv Y, Wu C. Radiation-resistance increased by overexpression of microRNA-21 and inhibition of its target PTEN in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060519882543. [PMID: 32268810 PMCID: PMC7153193 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Overexpression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) increases the radiation resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this action is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in miR-21-enhanced radiation resistance in patients with ESCC. Methods We evaluated the association between miR-21 levels and radiation resistance in patients with ESCC. We also investigated the role of PTEN in the proliferation and apoptosis of ESCC cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor during irradiation, using PTEN small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results MiR-21 levels were significantly higher in radiation-resistant patients. Downregulation of miR-21 during irradiation suppressed the radiation resistance of ESCC cells, demonstrated by decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. PTEN siRNA attenuated miR-21-induced suppression of radiation resistance in ESCC cells. Conclusions These results suggest that miR-21 enhanced the radiation resistance of ESCC by inhibiting PTEN. MiR-21 and PTEN are potential therapeutic biotargets for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Department of Research, Hangzhou Biozon Medical institute Co Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinxiang Lv
- Department of oncology, People's Hospital of XinChang County, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Department of Research, Hangzhou Biozon Medical institute Co Ltd, Zhejiang, China
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van den Bosch MT, Yahyanejad S, Alemdehy MF, Telford BJ, de Gunst T, den Boer HC, Vos RM, Stegink M, van Pinxteren LA, Schaapveld RQ, Janicot M. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals insight into tumor suppressor functions of 1B3, a novel synthetic miR-193a-3p mimic. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1161-1171. [PMID: 33664995 PMCID: PMC7896128 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data show that microRNA 193a-3p (miR-193a-3p) has a suppressive role in many cancers and is often downregulated in tumors, as compared to surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, mimics of miR-193a-3p could be used as an attractive therapeutic approach in oncology. To better understand and document the molecular mechanism of action of 1B3, a novel synthetic miRNA-193a-3p mimic, RNA sequencing was performed after transfection of 1B3 in six different human tumor cell lines. Genes differentially expressed (DE) in at least three cell lines were mapped by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and interestingly, these results strongly indicated upregulation of the tumor-suppressive phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathway, as well as downregulation of many oncogenic growth factor signaling pathways. Importantly, although unsurprisingly, IPA identified miR-193a-3p as a strong upstream regulator of DE genes in an unbiased manner. Furthermore, biological function analysis pointed to an extensive link of 1B3 with cancer, via expected effects on tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration, and cell death. Our data strongly suggest that miR-193a-3p/1B3 is a potent tumor suppressor agent that targets various key oncogenic pathways across cancer types. Therefore, the introduction of 1B3 into tumor cells may represent a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanaz Yahyanejad
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bryony J. Telford
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Gunst
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm C. den Boer
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier M. Vos
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Stegink
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michel Janicot
- InteRNA Technologies BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Davies MP, John Evans TW, Tahir F, Balasubramanian SP. Parathyroid cancer: A systematic review of diagnostic biomarkers. Surgeon 2021; 19:e536-e548. [PMID: 33642204 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parathyroid cancers are rare and difficult to distinguish from benign parathyroid tumours. Prediction of malignancy often relies on intraoperative assessment of invasion. Standard histology is also inadequate; especially in the absence of local invasion, lymph nodal disease and metastasis. The aim of this project was to systematically review published literature on potential bio-markers used for the diagnosis of parathyroid cancer. METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science and Medline databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included English language papers published after 1985 and reporting on biomarkers in human studies of parathyroid cancer and benign disease. RESULTS 118 relevant papers were appraised; all were observational studies. At least 2 papers studied 8 serum, 4 urine and 27 tissue biomarkers on the diagnosis of parathyroid cancer. Of these, 5 serum and 13 tissue markers have been demonstrated in at least one study to be statistically different in benign and malignant disease. We present a synthesis of data for each biomarker and measures of diagnostic accuracy where possible. CONCLUSIONS Consideration should be given to the use of a panel of biomarkers to review patients with suspected parathyroid cancer. A profile including serum calcium and PTH levels and tissue expression of APC, Parafibromin, PGP9.5, Galectin 3 and Ki67 is proposed. Systematic Review Registration Number - CRD42019127833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Philip Davies
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Fawzia Tahir
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Saba P Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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Pacheco J, Wills RC, Hammond GRV. Induced Dimerization Tools to Deplete Specific Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2251:105-120. [PMID: 33481234 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1142-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical dimerization systems have been used to drive acute depletion of polyphosphoinsitides (PPIns). They do so by inducing subcellular localization of enzymes that catabolize PPIns. By using this approach, all seven PPIns can be depleted in living cells and in real time. The rapid permeation of dimerizer agents and the specific expression of recruiter proteins confer great spatial and temporal resolution with minimal cell perturbation. In this chapter, we provide detailed instructions to monitor and induce depletion of PPIns in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pacheco
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel C Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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30
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Deleonardis A, Papale M. Methods to Study Posttranslational Modification Patterns in Cytotoxic T-Cells and Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2325:137-153. [PMID: 34053056 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1507-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate intracellular signaling associated with development and progression of many diseases; thus, they are key to understanding pathological mechanisms and set up more tailored therapies. In addition, many posttranslationally modified proteins are released into biological fluids and can be used as new and more specific biomarkers. Based on this evidence, we analyzed the role of some PTMs in cancer and described the correlation between specific PTMs and T-cells activation/inhibition in cancer microenvironment. In the second part of this chapter, we analyzed the most commonly used approaches for qualitative and quantitative determination of PTMs. The comparison of three distinct but often complementary methodologies such as immunoblotting, mass spectrometry, and ELISA assays has allowed to highlight the pros and cons of each approach with a focus on their current application and their future developments to obtain more confident biomarkers and therapeutic targets useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Deleonardis
- R&D Unit, Fluidia srl, Foggia, Italy
- Section of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Papale
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Policlinic University Hospital "Riuniti", Foggia, Italy.
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31
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Lei K, Kurum A, Tang L. Mechanical Immunoengineering of T cells for Therapeutic Applications. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2777-2790. [PMID: 33258577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cells, a key component in adaptive immunity, are central to many immunotherapeutic modalities aimed at treating various diseases including cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders. The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in immunotherapy, which aims at activation or suppression of the immune responses for disease treatments. Most strikingly, cancer immunotherapy has led to curative responses in a fraction of patients with relapsed or refractory cancers. However, extending those clinical benefits to a majority of cancer patients remains challenging. In order to improve both efficacy and safety of T cell-based immunotherapies, significant effort has been devoted to modulating biochemical signals to enhance T cell proliferation, effector functions, and longevity. Such strategies include discovery of new immune checkpoints, design of armored chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and targeted delivery of stimulatory cytokines and so on.Despite the intense global research effort in developing novel cancer immunotherapies, a major dimension of the interactions between cancer and the immune system, its biomechanical aspect, has been largely underappreciated. Throughout their lifecycle, T cells constantly survey a multitude of organs and tissues and experience diverse biomechanical environments, such as shear force in the blood flow and a broad range of tissue stiffness. Furthermore, biomechanical properties of tissues or cells may be altered in disease and inflammation. Biomechanical cues, including both passive mechanical cues and active mechanical forces, have been shown to govern T cell development, activation, migration, differentiation, and effector functions. In other words, T cells can sense, respond to, and adapt to both passive mechanical cues and active mechanical forces.Biomechanical cues have been intensively studied at a fundamental level but are yet to be extensively incorporated in the design of immunotherapies. Nonetheless, the growing knowledge of T cell mechanobiology has formed the basis for the development of novel engineering strategies to mechanically modulate T cell immunity, a nascent field that we termed "mechanical immunoengineering". Mechanical immunoengineering exploits biomechanical cues (e.g., stiffness and external forces) to modulate T cell differentiation, proliferation, effector functions, etc., for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. It provides an additional dimension, complementary to traditional modulation of biochemical cues (e.g., antigen density and co-stimulatory signals), to tailor T cell immune responses and enhance therapeutic outcomes. For example, stiff antigen-presenting matrices have been shown to enhance T cell proliferation independently of the intensity of biochemical stimulatory signals. Current strategies of mechanical immunoengineering of T cells can be categorized into two major fields including passive mechanical cue-oriented and active force-oriented strategies. In this Account, we first present a brief overview of T cell mechanobiology. Next, we summarize recent advances in mechanical immunoengineering, discuss the roles of chemistry and material science in the development of these engineering strategies, and highlight potential therapeutic applications. Finally, we present our perspective on the future directions in mechanical immunoengineering and critical steps to translate mechanical immunoengineering strategies into therapeutic applications in the clinic.
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Posttranslational Regulation and Conformational Plasticity of PTEN. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036095. [PMID: 31932468 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently down-modulated in human cancer. PTEN inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway through its lipid phosphatase activity. Multiple PI3K/AKT-independent actions of PTEN, protein-phosphatase activities and functions within the nucleus have also been described. PTEN, therefore, regulates many cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, genomic integrity, polarity, migration, and invasion. Even a modest decrease in the functional dose of PTEN may promote cancer development. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate PTEN protein levels and function, and how these may go awry in cancer contexts, is, therefore, key to fully understanding the role of PTEN in tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge on posttranslational control and conformational plasticity of PTEN, as well as therapeutic possibilities toward reestablishment of PTEN tumor-suppressor activity in cancer.
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p110δ PI3K as a therapeutic target of solid tumours. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1377-1397. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20190772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFrom the time of first characterization of PI3K as a heterodimer made up of a p110 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, a wealth of evidence have placed the class IA PI3Ks at the forefront of drug development for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The p110α isoform was quickly brought at the centre of attention in the field of cancer research by the discovery of cancer-specific gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA gene in a range of human solid tumours. In contrast, p110δ PI3K was placed into the spotlight of immunity, inflammation and haematologic malignancies because of the preferential expression of this isoform in leucocytes and the rare mutations in PIK3CD gene. The last decade, however, several studies have provided evidence showing that the correlation between the PIK3CA mutations and the response to PI3K inhibition is less clear than originally considered, whereas concurrently an unexpected role of p110δ PI3K in solid tumours has being emerging. While PIK3CD is mostly non-mutated in cancer, the expression levels of p110δ protein seem to act as an intrinsic cancer-causing driver in various solid tumours including breast, prostate, colorectal and liver cancer, Merkel-Cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and neurobalstoma. Furthermore, p110δ selective inhibitors are being studied as potential single agent treatments or as combination partners in attempt to improve cancer immunotherapy, with both strategies to shown great promise for the treatment of several solid tumours. In this review, we discuss the evidence implicating the p110δ PI3K in human solid tumours, their impact on the current state of the field and the potential of using p110δ-selective inhibitors as monotherapy or combined therapy in different cancer contexts.
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Khan SF, Damerell V, Omar R, Du Toit M, Khan M, Maranyane HM, Mlaza M, Bleloch J, Bellis C, Sahm BDB, Peres J, ArulJothi KN, Prince S. The roles and regulation of TBX3 in development and disease. Gene 2020; 726:144223. [PMID: 31669645 PMCID: PMC7108957 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TBX3, a member of the ancient and evolutionary conserved T-box transcription factor family, is a critical developmental regulator of several structures including the heart, mammary glands, limbs and lungs. Indeed, mutations in the human TBX3 lead to ulnar mammary syndrome which is characterized by several clinical malformations including hypoplasia of the mammary and apocrine glands, defects of the upper limb, areola, dental structures, heart and genitalia. In contrast, TBX3 has no known function in adult tissues but is frequently overexpressed in a wide range of epithelial and mesenchymal derived cancers. This overexpression greatly impacts several hallmarks of cancer including bypass of senescence, apoptosis and anoikis, promotion of proliferation, tumour formation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastatic capabilities as well as cancer stem cell expansion. The debilitating consequences of having too little or too much TBX3 suggest that its expression levels need to be tightly regulated. While we have a reasonable understanding of the mutations that result in low levels of functional TBX3 during development, very little is known about the factors responsible for the overexpression of TBX3 in cancer. Furthermore, given the plethora of oncogenic processes that TBX3 impacts, it must be regulating several target genes but to date only a few have been identified and characterised. Interestingly, while there is compelling evidence to support oncogenic roles for TBX3, a few studies have indicated that it may also have tumour suppressor functions in certain contexts. Together, the diverse functional elasticity of TBX3 in development and cancer is thought to involve, in part, the protein partners that it interacts with and this area of research has recently received some attention. This review provides an insight into the significance of TBX3 in development and cancer and identifies research gaps that need to be explored to shed more light on this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif F Khan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rehana Omar
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Du Toit
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hapiloe Mabaruti Maranyane
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mihlali Mlaza
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jenna Bleloch
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claire Bellis
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bianca D B Sahm
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Jade Peres
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K N ArulJothi
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Xia C, Zeng H, Zheng Y. Low‑intensity ultrasound enhances the antitumor effects of doxorubicin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the ROS‑miR‑21‑PTEN axis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:989-998. [PMID: 32016465 PMCID: PMC7003057 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. In China, ~466,000 patients are diagnosed with HCC and it is responsible for ~422,000 cases of mortality each year. Surgery is the most effective treatment available; however it is only suitable for patients with early-stage HCC. Chemotherapy has been confirmed as a necessary treatment for patients with advanced HCC, although drug resistance may limit its clinical outcome. Low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) represents a novel therapeutic approach to treat patients with HCC; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined via Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assays, respectively. The expression of miRNA in HCC cells following exposure to LIUS and doxorubicin (Dox) was analyzed using a microarray and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. It was revealed treatment with LIUS in combination with Dox was able to induce apoptosis of Huh7 cells, increasing the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase 1 are ROS-scavenging enzymes, which serve important roles in the oxidative balance, preventing oxidative stress. The protein expression levels of these two enzymes were significantly decreased following treatment with LIUS combined with Dox. The present results suggested that LIUS may decrease Dox resistance in HCC cells and that LIUS may be combined with chemotherapy to treat HCC. By performing microarray analysis, the expression levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) were decreased following treatment with LIUS combined with Dox. Functional experiments showed that knockdown of miR-21 enhanced the antitumor activity of Dox, whereas overexpression of miR-21 reversed these effects. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a well-known tumor suppressor, was revealed to be a direct target of miR-21, and its translation was suppressed by miR-21. Finally, it was determined that combined treatment of LIUS and Dox induced anticancer effects by blocking the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, as demonstrated by the downregulation of phosphorylated (p-)AKT and p-mTOR; N-acetylcysteine, a general ROS inhibitor reversed the suppressive effects on the AKT/mTOR pathway mediated by LIUS and Dox. Collectively, the present results suggested that LIUS increased cell sensitivity to Dox via the ROS/miR-21/PTEN pathway. Chemotherapy combined with LIUS may represent a novel effective therapeutic strategy to treat patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Suqian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Huabei Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, Suqian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, School of Imaging of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
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Searle T, Ali FR, Al-Niaimi F. The role of pharmacogenetics in keloid scar treatment: A literature review. Scars Burn Heal 2020; 6:2059513120941704. [PMID: 32922964 PMCID: PMC7446553 DOI: 10.1177/2059513120941704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of keloid scars is still not fully understood and a universally reliable effective treatment has not been identified. Pharmacogenetics explores how drug response to a particular therapy can relate to genetic variations. PURPOSE To investigate how pharmacogenetics could be applied to keloid scars and the relevance of this to clinical practice. METHODS We reviewed the literature and discuss our current knowledge of pharmacogenomics in the treatment of keloid scars. A literature search was performed using the terms 'Pharmacogenetics', 'Pharmacogenomics', 'Keloid' and 'Scar'. We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to find the relevant articles. Only articles in English were chosen. The level of evidence was evaluated and selected accordingly listing the studies with the highest level of evidence first. RESULTS Treatments including corticosteroid injections and 5-fluorouracil can be effective in some patients, but less so in others. Polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor and variants of CCL2, YAP1, miR-21-5p and NF-κβ might be responsible for different responses to treatments used in keloid scars such as 5-fluorouracil. Small molecule inhibitors might be utilised to target other implicated genes. CONCLUSION Pharmacogenetics aims to produce the most efficacious patient outcomes while reducing adverse effects. Understanding the pharmacogenetics of keloid scars could lead to a new era of personalised medicine in the treatment of keloid scars. At present, there is some evidence (level 3b/4) to suggest genetic variations that are responsible to drug response in keloids, but further research in this field is required. LAY SUMMARY The varied response to similar therapeutic treatments in keloids has prompted the consideration of the role of genetic variants on response in the form of pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenetics refers to drugs and their metabolism and action based on genetic influences. The ideal scenario would involve the selection of treatment based on the individual's specific genetic variants to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal toxicity. Some evidence currently points to genetic variations in some keloid patients that might be of relevance to the treating clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Searle
- University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Faisal R Ali
- Dermatological Surgery & Laser Unit, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital Cancer Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Firas Al-Niaimi
- Dermatological Surgery & Laser Unit, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital Cancer Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Siddiqui NA, Mothana RA, Al-Said MS, Parvez MK, Alam P, Tabish Rehman M, Ali M, Alajmi MF, Al-Dosari MS, Al-Rehaily AJ, Nasr FA, Khalid JM. Cell proliferation activity delineated by molecular docking of four new compounds isolated from the aerial parts of Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex. J.F. Gmel. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 28:172-186. [PMID: 32042256 PMCID: PMC7000348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using different chromatographic methods, four new compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Suaeda monoica (Chenopodiaceae) along with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid (SCM-3). The structures of the new compounds were established as 6'-hydroxy-10'-geranilanyl naphtha-1-oate (SMC-1), 4,4,8β,10β-Tetramethyl-9β-isobutanyl decalin-13-ol-13-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (SCM-2), 6'-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-3-yl) hexanoic acid (SCM-4) and 1'-(2-Methoxy-3-naphthyl)-4'-(2''-methylbenzoyl)-n-butane (SMC-5) by IR, EIMS and NMR (1 & 2D) analyses. All compounds (50 μg/mL) were tested for cell proliferative potential on cultured human liver cell HepG2 cells by MTT assay. The results revealed a marked cell proliferative potential of all compounds (1.42-1.48 fold) as compared to untreated control. The results of molecular docking and binding with specific proteins such as PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog) and p53 also justify the cell proliferative potential of the isolated compounds. Glide program with Schrodinger suit 2018 was used to evaluate the binding between SMC compounds and proteins (PTEN and p53). The binding affinity of all compounds was in order of 104-105 M-1 towards both PTEN and p53. All the SMC compounds have been found to bind at the active site of PTEN, thereby may prevent the binding of phosphatidylinositiol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PI3P). In the locked position, PTEN would not be able to hydrolyze PI3P and hence the PI3P regulated signaling pathway remains active. Similarly, SMC molecules were found to interact with the amino acid residues (Ser99, Thr170, Gly199, and Asp224) which are critically involved in the formation of tetrameric p53. The blockage of p53 to attain its active conformation thus may prevent the recruitment of p53 on DNA and hence may promote cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir A. Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour S. Al-Said
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K. Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan J. Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Medicinal Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M. Khalid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chang H, Cai Z, Roberts TM. The Mechanisms Underlying PTEN Loss in Human Tumors Suggest Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110713. [PMID: 31703360 PMCID: PMC6921025 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will first briefly describe the diverse molecular mechanisms associated with PTEN loss of function in cancer. We will then proceed to discuss the molecular mechanisms linking PTEN loss to PI3K activation and demonstrate how these mechanisms suggest possible therapeutic approaches for patients with PTEN-null tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoun Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- KIST-DFCI On-Site Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhenying Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas M. Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-632-3049
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Alowiri NH, Hanafy SM, Haleem RA, Abdellatif A. PIK3CA and PTEN Genes Expressions in Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2841-2846. [PMID: 31554385 PMCID: PMC6976819 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathway plays an important role in breast cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the expressions of two main regulators of PI3K pathway; phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase catalytic subunit alpha as activator (PIK3CA), and phosphatase and tensin-homolog as inhibitor (PTEN), in breast carcinoma tissue, and compare with their expressions in adjacent normal breast tissue. Methods: A total of fifty female patients with breast carcinoma from surgical oncology unit of Alexandria-Main University Hospital were included in this study. The Quantitative Real Time PCR was used to quantify expressions of PIK3CA and PTEN. Results: PIK3CA mRNA expression was significantly increased in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues (P<0.001, Z=5.700), also PTEN mRNA expression was significantly higher in breast carcinoma tissue compared to normal breast tissue (P<0.001, Z=5.362). Conclusion: Increased the expressions of PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA in breast cancer tissue compared to normal breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Hadi Alowiri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Shaden Muawia Hanafy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Reham Abdel Haleem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdellatif
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yin Y, Sha S, Wu X, Wang SF, Qiao F, Song ZC, Zhu HL. Development of novel chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one derivates bearing sulfonylpiperazine as antitumor inhibitors targeting PI3Kα. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111630. [PMID: 31446244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PI3K signal pathway plays a vital role in cellular functions and becomes an attractive approach for cancer therapy. Herein, a new series of novel chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one derivatives bearing sulfonylpiperazine based on the PI3K inhibitors and our previous research. They were screened for their PI3K inhibitory activities and anticancer effects in vitro. Biological studies indicated that compound 7m revealed the remarkable antiproliferative activity (IC50 ranging from 0.03 to 0.09 μM) against four cancer cell lines (A549, Huh7, HL60 and HCT-116). Besides, compound 7m displayed a certain selective for PI3Kα (IC50 = 0.009 μM) over PI3Kβ, γ and δ, and meanwhile, it can remarkable decreased the expression level of p-Akt (Ser473) and p-S6K. In addition, compound 7m could not only induce HCT-116 cell arrest at G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner, but also induce cell apoptosis via upregulation of Bax and cleaved-caspase 3/9, and downregulation of Bcl-2. Besides, compound 7m can remarkably inhibit the growth of tumor in vivo. The above results suggested that compound 7m could be considered as a promising PI3Kα inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Shao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Xun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - She-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Fang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China; School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, 1801 Zhongwu Rd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213001, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
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Phytochemical Modulation of MiRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6020048. [PMID: 30959836 PMCID: PMC6631275 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are some of the most commonly used treatments, but are often associated with severe side effects, and are not entirely curative. It is therefore important to consider other preventative treatment options. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds which have been shown to play a role in cancer prevention and treatment, especially in regards to a person’s lifestyle and diet. Recent evidence has shown that phytochemicals may exert their chemopreventative effects by targeting micro RNAs (miRNAs), which regulate the downstream expression of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. MiRNAs are small, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that regulate several biological processes through post-translational regulation. The dysregulation of miRNA expression has been shown to be associated with colorectal cancer. In this review, we will summarize and discuss several phytochemicals, which have been shown to exert chemopreventative effects in colorectal cancer by the modulation of miRNA expression.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of solubilized sulfonamide analogues of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor ZSTK474. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1529-1545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Hu Q, Li C, Wang S, Li Y, Wen B, Zhang Y, Liang K, Yao J, Ye Y, Hsiao H, Nguyen TK, Park PK, Egranov SD, Hawke DH, Marks JR, Han L, Hung MC, Zhang B, Lin C, Yang L. LncRNAs-directed PTEN enzymatic switch governs epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Res 2019; 29:286-304. [PMID: 30631154 PMCID: PMC6461864 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the structural conservation of PTEN with dual-specificity phosphatases, there have been no reports regarding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie this potential dual-phosphatase activity. Here, we report that K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN at lysines 66 and 80 switches its phosphoinositide/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity to protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity. Mechanistically, high glucose, TGF-β, CTGF, SHH, and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-coding RNA, GAEA (Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation), which associates with an RNA-binding E3 ligase, MEX3C, and enhances its enzymatic activity, leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN. The MEX3C-catalyzed PTENK27-polyUb activates its protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity and inhibits its phosphatidylinositol/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. With this altered enzymatic activity, PTENK27-polyUb dephosphorylates the phosphoserine/threonine residues of TWIST1, SNAI1, and YAP1, leading to accumulation of these master regulators of EMT. Animals with genetic inhibition of PTENK27-polyUb, by a single nucleotide mutation generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (PtenK80R/K80R), exhibit inhibition of EMT markers during mammary gland morphogenesis in pregnancy/lactation and during cutaneous wound healing processes. Our findings illustrate an unexpected paradigm in which the lncRNA-dependent switch in PTEN protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity is important for physiological homeostasis and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunlai Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGroven Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Heidi Hsiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tina K Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter K Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sergey D Egranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGroven Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, Pallocca M, Falcone I, Fanciulli M, Cognetti F, Milella M, Ciuffreda L. PTEN as a Prognostic/Predictive Biomarker in Cancer: An Unfulfilled Promise? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040435. [PMID: 30925702 PMCID: PMC6520939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying putative biomarkers of clinical outcomes in cancer is crucial for successful enrichment, and for the selection of patients who are the most likely to benefit from a specific therapeutic approach. Indeed, current research in personalized cancer therapy focuses on the possibility of identifying biomarkers that predict prognosis, sensitivity or resistance to therapies. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates several crucial cell functions such as proliferation, survival, genomic stability and cell motility through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Despite its undisputed role as a tumor suppressor, assessment of PTEN status in sporadic human tumors has yet to provide clinically robust prognostic, predictive or therapeutic information. This is possibly due to the exceptionally complex regulation of PTEN function, which involves genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational events. This review shows a brief summary of the regulation and function of PTEN and discusses its controversial aspects as a prognostic/predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona 37126, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
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Gamage SA, Spicer JA, Tsang KY, O'Connor PD, Flanagan JU, Lee W, Dickson JMJ, Shepherd PR, Denny WA, Rewcastle GW. Synthesis and Evaluation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Analogues of the ZSTK474 Class of Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase Inhibitors. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1249-1261. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarna A. Gamage
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Julie A. Spicer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Kit Y. Tsang
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Patrick D. O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jack U. Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Woo‐Jeong Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James M. J. Dickson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Gordon W. Rewcastle
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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Dawidowska M, Jaksik R, Drobna M, Szarzyńska-Zawadzka B, Kosmalska M, Sędek Ł, Machowska L, Lalik A, Lejman M, Ussowicz M, Kałwak K, Kowalczyk JR, Szczepański T, Witt M. Comprehensive Investigation of miRNome Identifies Novel Candidate miRNA-mRNA Interactions Implicated in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Neoplasia 2019; 21:294-310. [PMID: 30763910 PMCID: PMC6372882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy originating from T-cell precursors. The genetic landscape of T-ALL has been largely characterized by next-generation sequencing. Yet, the transcriptome of miRNAs (miRNome) of T-ALL has been less extensively studied. Using small RNA sequencing, we characterized the miRNome of 34 pediatric T-ALL samples, including the expression of isomiRs and the identification of candidate novel miRNAs (not previously annotated in miRBase). For the first time, we show that immunophenotypic subtypes of T-ALL present different miRNA expression profiles. To extend miRNome characteristics in T-ALL (to 82 T-ALL cases), we combined our small RNA-seq results with data available in Gene Expression Omnibus. We report on miRNAs most abundantly expressed in pediatric T-ALL and miRNAs differentially expressed in T-ALL versus normal mature T-lymphocytes and thymocytes, representing candidate oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Using eight target prediction algorithms and pathway enrichment analysis, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted targets implicated in processes (defined in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) of potential importance in pathogenesis of T-ALL, including interleukin-6-mediated signaling, mTOR signaling, and regulation of apoptosis. We finally focused on hsa-mir-106a-363 cluster and functionally validated direct interactions of hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p with 3' untranslated regions of their predicted targets (PTEN, SOS1, LATS2), overrepresented in regulation of apoptosis. hsa-mir-106a-363 is a paralogue of prototypic oncogenic hsa-mir-17-92 cluster with yet unestablished role in the pathogenesis of T-ALL. Our study provides a firm basis and data resource for functional analyses on the role of miRNA-mRNA interactions in T-ALL.
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Key Words
- all, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- egil, european group for immunological classification of leukemias
- geo, gene expression omnibus
- go, gene ontology
- isomir, isoform of mirna
- kegg, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
- mirnome, transcriptome of mirnas
- mre, mirna response element
- or, odds ratio
- rt-qpcr, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- small rna-seq, next-generation sequencing of small rnas
- t-all, t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 3′utr, 3′ untranslated region
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dawidowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Roman Jaksik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Drobna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bronisława Szarzyńska-Zawadzka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maria Kosmalska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Ludomiła Machowska
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncology Hematology and Transplantology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Lalik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Children's University Hospital, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marek Ussowicz
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology, and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kałwak
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology, and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy R Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 3 Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Michał Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
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47
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Álvarez-Garcia V, Tawil Y, Wise HM, Leslie NR. Mechanisms of PTEN loss in cancer: It's all about diversity. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:66-79. [PMID: 30738865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly, loss of function of the PTEN tumour suppressor is one of the most common events observed in many types of cancer. Although the mechanisms by which PTEN function is disrupted are diverse, the most frequently observed events are deletion of a single gene copy of PTEN and gene silencing, usually observed in tumours with little or no PTEN protein detectable by immunohistochemistry. Accordingly, with the exceptions of glioblastoma and endometrial cancer, mutations of the PTEN coding sequence are uncommon (<10%) in most types of cancer. Here we review the data relating to PTEN loss in seven common tumour types and discuss mechanisms of PTEN regulation, some of which appear to contribute to reduced PTEN protein levels in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Álvarez-Garcia
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yasmine Tawil
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Helen M Wise
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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48
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Tang H, Wu K, Wang J, Vinjamuri S, Gu Y, Song S, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Balistrieri A, Ayon RJ, Rischard F, Vanderpool R, Chen J, Zhou G, Desai AA, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Yuan JXJ, Makino A. Pathogenic Role of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Pulmonary Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:744-762. [PMID: 30623134 PMCID: PMC6314964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors signal through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway to induce cell proliferation, survival, and growth. mTOR is a kinase present in 2 functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Functional disruption of mTORC1 by knockout of Raptor (regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin) in smooth muscle cells ameliorated the development of experimental PH. Functional disruption of mTORC2 by knockout of Rictor (rapamycin insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin) caused spontaneous PH by up-regulating platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Use of mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin) to treat PH should be accompanied by inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (e.g., imatinib).
Concentric lung vascular wall thickening due to enhanced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells is an important pathological cause for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance reported in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We identified a differential role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 and complex 2, two functionally distinct mTOR complexes, in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 attenuated the development of PH; however, inhibition of mTOR complex 2 caused spontaneous PH, potentially due to up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptors in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, and compromised the therapeutic effect of the mTOR inhibitors on PH. In addition, we describe a promising therapeutic strategy using combination treatment with the mTOR inhibitors and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitors on PH and right ventricular hypertrophy. The data from this study provide an important mechanism-based perspective for developing novel therapies for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure.
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Key Words
- EC, endothelial cell
- FOXO3a, Forkhead box O3a
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor
- HPH, hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
- PA, pulmonary artery
- PAEC, pulmonary arterial endothelial cell
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMC, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PH, pulmonary hypertension
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance
- RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy
- RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure
- Raptor
- Raptor, regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin
- Rictor
- Rictor, rapamycin insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin
- SM, smooth muscle
- TKR, tyrosine kinase receptor
- WT, wild-type
- mTOR
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
- mTORC2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2
- pAKT, phosphorylated AKT
- pulmonary hypertension
- right ventricle
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujana Vinjamuri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Yali Gu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shanshan Song
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Franz Rischard
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Rebecca Vanderpool
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guofei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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49
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Vijayakrishnapillai LMK, Desmarais JS, Groeschen MN, Perlin MH. Deletion of ptn1, a PTEN/ TEP1 Orthologue, in Ustilago maydis Reduces Pathogenicity and Teliospore Development. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 5:E1. [PMID: 30577430 PMCID: PMC6462984 DOI: 10.3390/jof5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN/PI3K/mTOR signal transduction pathway is involved in the regulation of biological processes such as metabolism, cell growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. This pathway has been extensively studied in mammals, leading to the conclusion that PTEN is a major tumor suppressor gene. PTEN orthologues have been characterized in a variety of organisms, both vertebrates and non-vertebrates, and studies of the associated PTEN/PI3K/mTOR pathway indicate that it is widely conserved. Studies in fungal systems indicated a role of PTEN in fungal defense mechanisms in Candida albicans, and in the developmental process of sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The present study was aimed at investigating the role of the PTEN ortholog, ptn1, in Ustilago maydis, the pathogen of maize. U. maydis ptn1 mutant strains where ptn1 gene is deleted or overexpressed were examined for phenotypes associate with mating, virulence and spore formation. While the overexpression of ptn1 had no substantial effects on virulence, ptn1 deletion strains showed slight reductions in mating efficiency and significant reductions in virulence; tumor formation on stem and/or leaves were severely reduced. Moreover, tumors, when present, had significantly lower levels of mature teliospores, and the percent germination of such spores was similarly reduced. Thus, ptn1 is required for these important aspects of virulence in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John S Desmarais
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Michael N Groeschen
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Michael H Perlin
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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50
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Sadri Nahand J, Bokharaei-Salim F, Salmaninejad A, Nesaei A, Mohajeri F, Moshtzan A, Tabibzadeh A, Karimzadeh M, Moghoofei M, Marjani A, Yaghoubi S, Keyvani H. microRNAs: Key players in virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12188-12225. [PMID: 30536673 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known as one of the major health problems worldwide. Pathological analysis indicated that a variety of risk factors including genetical (i.e., alteration of tumor suppressors and oncogenes) and environmental factors (i.e., viruses) are involved in beginning and development of HCC. The understanding of these risk factors could guide scientists and clinicians to design effective therapeutic options in HCC treatment. Various viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via targeting several cellular and molecular pathways involved in HCC pathogenesis. Among various cellular and molecular targets, microRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as key players in HCC progression. miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs which could play important roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in several malignancies such as HCC. Deregulation of many miRNAs (i.e., miR-222, miR-25, miR-92a, miR-1, let-7f, and miR-21) could be associated with different stages of HCC. Besides miRNAs, exosomes are other particles which are involved in HCC pathogenesis via targeting different cargos, such as DNAs, RNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs and exosomes as important players in HCC pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted HCV- and HBV-related miRNAs which led to HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajeri
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Moshtzan
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezo Marjani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoeleh Yaghoubi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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