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Zhang L, Ruan J, Gao F, Xin Q, Che LP, Cai L, Liu Z, Kong M, Rochaix JD, Mi H, Peng L. Thylakoid protein FPB1 synergistically cooperates with PAM68 to promote CP47 biogenesis and Photosystem II assembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3122. [PMID: 38600073 PMCID: PMC11006888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In chloroplasts, insertion of proteins with multiple transmembrane domains (TMDs) into thylakoid membranes usually occurs in a co-translational manner. Here, we have characterized a thylakoid protein designated FPB1 (Facilitator of PsbB biogenesis1) which together with a previously reported factor PAM68 (Photosynthesis Affected Mutant68) is involved in assisting the biogenesis of CP47, a subunit of the Photosystem II (PSII) core. Analysis by ribosome profiling reveals increased ribosome stalling when the last TMD segment of CP47 emerges from the ribosomal tunnel in fpb1 and pam68. FPB1 interacts with PAM68 and both proteins coimmunoprecipitate with SecY/E and Alb3 as well as with some ribosomal components. Thus, our data indicate that, in coordination with the SecY/E translocon and the Alb3 integrase, FPB1 synergistically cooperates with PAM68 to facilitate the co-translational integration of the last two CP47 TMDs and the large loop between them into thylakoids and the PSII core complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Junxiang Ruan
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fudan Gao
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Qiang Xin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Li-Ping Che
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lujuan Cai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Fadeeva M, Klaiman D, Kandiah E, Nelson N. Structure of native photosystem II assembly intermediate from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1334608. [PMID: 38322422 PMCID: PMC10844431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1334608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Photosystem II (PSII) is a dimer consisting of at least 13 nuclear-encoded and four chloroplast-encoded protein subunits that collectively function as a sunlight-driven oxidoreductase. In this study, we present the inaugural structure of a green alga PSII assembly intermediate (pre-PSII-int). This intermediate was isolated from chloroplast membranes of the temperature-sensitive mutant TSP4, cultivated for 14 hours at a non-permissive temperature. The assembly state comprises a monomer containing subunits A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, K, and two novel assembly factors, Psb1 and Psb2. Psb1 is identified as a novel transmembrane helix located adjacent to PsbE and PsbF (cytochrome b559). The absence of PsbJ, typically found in mature PSII close to this position, indicates that Psb1 functions as an assembly factor. Psb2 is an eukaryotic homolog of the cyanobacterial assembly factor Psb27. The presence of iron, coupled with the absence of QA, QB, and the manganese cluster, implies a protective mechanism against photodamage and provides insights into the intricate assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Fadeeva
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eaazhisai Kandiah
- CM01 Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Nathan Nelson
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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3
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Keller JM, Frieboes MJ, Jödecke L, Kappel S, Wulff N, Rindfleisch T, Sandoval-Ibanez O, Gerlach I, Thiele W, Bock R, Eirich J, Finkemeier I, Schünemann D, Zoschke R, Schöttler MA, Armbruster U. Eukaryote-specific assembly factor DEAP2 mediates an early step of photosystem II assembly in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1970-1986. [PMID: 37555435 PMCID: PMC10602607 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The initial step of oxygenic photosynthesis is the thermodynamically challenging extraction of electrons from water and the release of molecular oxygen. This light-driven process, which is the basis for most life on Earth, is catalyzed by photosystem II (PSII) within the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms. The biogenesis of PSII requires a controlled step-wise assembly process of which the early steps are considered to be highly conserved between plants and their cyanobacterial progenitors. This assembly process involves auxiliary proteins, which are likewise conserved. In the present work, we used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model to show that in plants, a eukaryote-exclusive assembly factor facilitates the early assembly step, during which the intrinsic antenna protein CP47 becomes associated with the PSII reaction center (RC) to form the RC47 intermediate. This factor, which we named DECREASED ELECTRON TRANSPORT AT PSII (DEAP2), works in concert with the conserved PHOTOSYNTHESIS AFFECTED MUTANT 68 (PAM68) assembly factor. The deap2 and pam68 mutants showed similar defects in PSII accumulation and assembly of the RC47 intermediate. The combined lack of both proteins resulted in a loss of functional PSII and the inability of plants to grow photoautotrophically on the soil. While overexpression of DEAP2 partially rescued the pam68 PSII accumulation phenotype, this effect was not reciprocal. DEAP2 accumulated at 20-fold higher levels than PAM68, together suggesting that both proteins have distinct functions. In summary, our results uncover eukaryotic adjustments to the PSII assembly process, which involve the addition of DEAP2 for the rapid progression from RC to RC47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob-Maximilian Keller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maureen Julia Frieboes
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ludwig Jödecke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sandrine Kappel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Natalia Wulff
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Rindfleisch
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Omar Sandoval-Ibanez
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ines Gerlach
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Photosynthesis, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Sóti A, Ounoki R, Kósa A, Mysliwa-Kurdziel B, Sárvári É, Solymosi K. Ionic, not the osmotic component, is responsible for the salinity-induced inhibition of greening in etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mv Béres) leaves: a comparative study. PLANTA 2023; 258:102. [PMID: 37861810 PMCID: PMC10589150 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Greening was partially (in 300 mM NaCl, CaCl2, 600 mM KNO3 or KCl) or fully inhibited (in 600 mM NaCl, NaNO3 or NaCl:KCl) by the ionic and not the osmotic component of salinity. Although high soil salinity is an increasing global problem, not much is known about how direct exposure to salinity affects etiolated leaves of seedlings germinating in the soil and then reaching the surface. We investigated the effect of various salt treatments on the greening process of leaves in 8- to 11-day-old etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Mv. Béres) seedlings. Etiolated leaf segments pre-treated on different salt (600 mM NaCl:KCl 1:1, 600 mM NaCl, 600 mM KCl, 600 mM NaNO3, 600 mM KNO3, 300 mM KCl, 300 mM NaCl or 300 mM CaCl2) or isosmotic polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) solutions for 1.5 h in the dark and then greened for 16 h on the same solutions were studied. Leaf segments greened on PEG (osmotic stress) or on 300 mM KCl had similar chloroplasts compared to control samples greened on Hoagland solution. Slightly slower development of chloroplast structure and function (photosynthetic activity) was observed in segments greened on 300 mM NaCl or CaCl2, 600 mM KNO3 or KCl. However, etioplast-to-chloroplast transformation and chlorophyll accumulation were fully inhibited and peculiar prothylakoid swelling occurred in segments greened on 600 mM NaCl, NaNO3 or NaCl:KCl (1:1) solutions. The data indicate that not the high osmolarity of the used salt solution, but its ions, especially Na+, had the strongest negative impact on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Sóti
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roumaissa Ounoki
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamária Kósa
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Mysliwa-Kurdziel
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Éva Sárvári
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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5
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Nymark M, Finazzi G, Volpe C, Serif M, Fonseca DDM, Sharma A, Sanchez N, Sharma AK, Ashcroft F, Kissen R, Winge P, Bones AM. Loss of CpFTSY Reduces Photosynthetic Performance and Affects Insertion of PsaC of PSI in Diatoms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:583-603. [PMID: 36852859 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) receptor (CpFTSY) is a component of the CpSRP pathway that post-translationally targets light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCPs) to the thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae containing chloroplasts derived from primary endosymbiosis. In plants, CpFTSY also plays a major role in the co-translational incorporation of chloroplast-encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes into the thylakoids. This role has not been demonstrated in green algae. So far, its function in organisms with chloroplasts derived from secondary endosymbiotic events has not been elucidated. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mutants lacking CpFTSY in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We found that this protein is not involved in inserting LHCPs into thylakoid membranes, indicating that the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway is not active in this group of microalgae. The lack of CpFTSY caused an increased level of photoprotection, low electron transport rates, inefficient repair of photosystem II (PSII), reduced growth, a strong decline in the PSI subunit PsaC and upregulation of proteins that might compensate for a non-functional co-translational CpSRP pathway during light stress conditions. The phenotype was highly similar to the one described for diatoms lacking another component of the co-translational CpSRP pathway, the CpSRP54 protein. However, in contrast to cpsrp54 mutants, only one thylakoid membrane protein, PetD of the Cytb6f complex, was downregulated in cpftsy. Our results point to a minor role for CpFTSY in the co-translational CpSRP pathway, suggesting that other mechanisms may partially compensate for the effect of a disrupted CpSRP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Nicolas Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
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6
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Mao R, Zhang H, Bie L, Liu LN, Gao J. Million-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal the interfacial interactions and assembly of plant PSII-LHCII supercomplex. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6699-6712. [PMID: 36860540 PMCID: PMC9969236 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interface interactions dictate efficient excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting antennas to the photosystem II (PSII) core. In this work, we construct a 1.2 million atom-scale model of plant C2S2-type PSII-LHCII supercomplex and perform microsecond-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the interactions and assembly mechanisms of the sizeable PSII-LHCII supercomplex. We optimize the nonbonding interactions of the PSII-LHCII cryo-EM structure using microsecond-scale MD simulations. Binding free energy calculations with component decompositions reveal that hydrophobic interactions predominantly drive antenna-core association and the antenna-antenna interactions are relatively weak. Despite the positive electrostatic interaction energies, hydrogen bonds and salt bridges mainly provide directional or anchoring forces for interface binding. Analysis of the roles of small intrinsic subunits of PSII suggests that LHCII and CP26 first interact with small intrinsic subunits and then bind to the core proteins, whereas CP29 adopts a one-step binding process to the PSII core without the assistance of other factors. Our study provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of the self-organization and regulation of plant PSII-LHCII. It lays the framework for deciphering the general assembly principles of photosynthetic supercomplexes and possibly other macromolecular structures. The finding also has implications for repurposing photosynthetic systems to enhance photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Han Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Lihua Bie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB UK .,Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
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7
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Li W, Guo J, Han X, Da X, Wang K, Zhao H, Huang ST, Li B, He H, Jiang R, Zhou S, Yan P, Chen T, He Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Wu Y, Shou H, Wu Z, Mao C, Mo X. A novel protein domain is important for photosystem II complex assembly and photoautotrophic growth in angiosperms. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:374-392. [PMID: 36566350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-subunit protein complex of the photosynthetic electron transport chain that is vital to photosynthesis. Although the structure, composition, and function of PSII have been extensively studied, its biogenesis mechanism remains less understood. Thylakoid rhodanese-like (TROL) provides an anchor for leaf-type ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase. Here, we report the chacterizaton of a second type of TROL protein, TROL2, encoded by seed plant genomes whose function has not previously been reported. We show that TROL2 is a PSII assembly cofactor with essential roles in the establishment of photoautotrophy. TROL2 contains a 45-amino-acid domain, termed the chlorotic lethal seedling (CLS) domain, that is both necessary and sufficient for TROL2 function in PSII assembly and photoautotrophic growth. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that TROL2 may have arisen from ancestral TROL1 via gene duplication before the emergence of seed plants and acquired the CLS domain via evolution of the sequence encoding its N-terminal portion. We further reveal that TROL2 (or CLS) forms an assembly cofactor complex with the intrinsic thylakoid membrane protein LOW PSII ACCUMULATION2 and interacts with small PSII subunits to facilitate PSII complex assembly. Collectively, our study not only shows that TROL2 (CLS) is essential for photoautotrophy in angiosperms but also reveals its mechanistic role in PSII complex assembly, shedding light on the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of photosynthetic complex assemblyin angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiangfan Guo
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Xiaowen Da
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Shi-Tang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shichen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Peng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhongchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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8
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Single-molecule real-time sequencing of the full-length transcriptome of Halophila beccarii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16444. [PMID: 36180578 PMCID: PMC9525579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecologically, Halophila beccarii Asch. is considered as a colonizing or a pioneer seagrass species and a “tiny but mighty” seagrass species, since it may recover quickly from disturbance generally. The use of transcriptome technology can provide a better understanding of the physiological processes of seagrasses. To date, little is known about the genome and transcriptome information of H. beccarii. In this study, we used single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to obtain full-length transcriptome data and characterize the transcriptome structure. A total of 11,773 of the 15,348 transcripts were successfully annotated in seven databases. In addition, 1573 long non-coding RNAs, 8402 simple sequence repeats and 2567 transcription factors were predicted in all the transcripts. A GO analysis showed that 5843 transcripts were divided into three categories, including biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF). In these three categories, metabolic process (1603 transcripts), protein-containing complex (515 transcripts) and binding (3233 transcripts) were the primary terms in BP, CC, and MF, respectively. The major types of transcription factors were involved in MYB-related and NF-YB families. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the transcriptome of H. beccarii using SMRT sequencing technology.
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9
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Cai WH, Zheng XQ, Liang YR. High-Light-Induced Degradation of Photosystem II Subunits’ Involvement in the Albino Phenotype in Tea Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158522. [PMID: 35955658 PMCID: PMC9369412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-sensitive (LS) albino tea plant grows albinic shoots lacking chlorophylls (Chls) under high-light (HL) conditions, and the albinic shoots re-green under low light (LL) conditions. The albinic shoots contain a high level of amino acids and are preferential materials for processing quality green tea. The young plants of the albino tea cultivars are difficult to be cultivated owing to lacking Chls. The mechanisms of the tea leaf bleaching and re-greening are unknown. We detected the activity and composition of photosystem II (PSII) subunits in LS albino tea cultivar “Huangjinya” (HJY), with a normal green-leaf cultivar “Jinxuan” (JX) as control so as to find the relationship of PSII impairment to the albino phenotype in tea. The PSII of HJY is more vulnerable to HL-stress than JX. HL-induced degradation of PSII subunits CP43, CP47, PsbP, PsbR. and light-harvest chlorophyll–protein complexes led to the exposure and degradation of D1 and D2, in which partial fragments of the degraded subunits were crosslinked to form larger aggregates. Two copies of subunits PsbO, psbN, and Lhcb1 were expressed in response to HL stress. The cDNA sequencing of CP43 shows that there is no difference in sequences of PsbC cDNA and putative amino acids of CP43 between HJY and JX. The de novo synthesis and/or repair of PSII subunits is considered to be involved in the impairment of PSII complexes, and the latter played a predominant role in the albino phenotype in the LS albino tea plant.
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10
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Yu J, Ran Z, Zhang J, Wei L, Ma W. Genome-Wide Insights Into the Organelle Translocation of Photosynthetic NDH-1 Genes During Evolution. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956578. [PMID: 35910652 PMCID: PMC9326235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of chloroplast-located genes to mitochondria or nucleus is considered to be a safety strategy that impedes mutation of photosynthetic genes and maintains their household function during evolution. The organelle translocation strategy is also developed in photosynthetic NDH-1 (pNDH-1) genes but its understanding is still far from complete. Here, we found that the mutation rate of the conserved pNDH-1 genes was gradually reduced but their selection pressure was maintained at a high level during evolution from cyanobacteria to angiosperm. By contrast, oxygenic photosynthesis-specific (OPS) pNDH-1 genes had an opposite trend, explaining the reason why they were transferred from the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-enriched chloroplast to the ROS-barren nucleus. Further, genome-wide sequence analysis supported the possibility that all conserved pNDH-1 genes lost in chloroplast genomes of Chlorophyceae and Pinaceae were transferred to the ROS-less mitochondrial genome as deduced from their truncated pNDH-1 gene fragments. Collectively, we propose that the organelle translocation strategy of pNDH-1 genes during evolution is necessary to maintain the function of the pNDH-1 complex as an important antioxidant mechanism for efficient photosynthesis.
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Sárvári É, Gellén G, Sági-Kazár M, Schlosser G, Solymosi K, Solti Á. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:23. [PMID: 35241118 PMCID: PMC8895881 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blue Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN PAGE) followed by denaturing PAGE is a widely used, convenient and time efficient method to separate thylakoid complexes and study their composition, abundance, and interactions. Previous analyses unravelled multiple monomeric and dimeric/oligomeric thylakoid complexes but, in certain cases, the separation of complexes was not proper. Particularly, the resolution of super- and megacomplexes, which provides important information on functional interactions, still remained challenging. RESULTS Using a detergent mixture of 1% (w/V) n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside plus 1% (w/V) digitonin for solubilisation and 4.3-8% gel gradients for separation as methodological improvements in BN PAGE, several large photosystem (PS) I containing bands were detected. According to BN(/BN)/SDS PAGE and mass spectrometry analyses, these PSI bands proved to be PSI-NADH dehydrogenase-like megacomplexes more discernible in maize bundle sheath thylakoids, and PSI complexes with different light-harvesting complex (LHC) complements (PSI-LHCII, PSI-LHCII*) more abundant in mesophyll thylakoids of lincomycin treated maize. For quantitative determination of the complexes and their comparison across taxa and physiological conditions, sample volumes applicable to the gel, correct baseline determination of the densitograms, evaluation methods to resolve complexes running together, calculation of their absolute/relative amounts and distribution among their different forms are proposed. CONCLUSIONS Here we report our experience in Blue/Clear-Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic separation of thylakoid complexes, their identification, quantitative determination and comparison in different samples. The applied conditions represent a powerful methodology for the analysis of thylakoid mega- and supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Sárvári
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Gellén
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Máté Sági-Kazár
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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12
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Spaniol B, Lang J, Venn B, Schake L, Sommer F, Mustas M, Geimer S, Wollman FA, Choquet Y, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M. Complexome profiling on the Chlamydomonas lpa2 mutant reveals insights into PSII biogenesis and new PSII associated proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:245-262. [PMID: 34436580 PMCID: PMC8730698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While the composition and function of the major thylakoid membrane complexes are well understood, comparatively little is known about their biogenesis. The goal of this work was to shed more light on the role of auxiliary factors in the biogenesis of photosystem II (PSII). Here we have identified the homolog of LOW PSII ACCUMULATION 2 (LPA2) in Chlamydomonas. A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii lpa2 mutant grew slower in low light, was hypersensitive to high light, and exhibited aberrant structures in thylakoid membrane stacks. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was reduced by 38%. Synthesis and stability of newly made PSII core subunits D1, D2, CP43, and CP47 were not impaired. However, complexome profiling revealed that in the mutant CP43 was reduced to ~23% and D1, D2, and CP47 to ~30% of wild type levels. Levels of PSI and the cytochrome b6f complex were unchanged, while levels of the ATP synthase were increased by ~29%. PSII supercomplexes, dimers, and monomers were reduced to ~7%, ~26%, and ~60% of wild type levels, while RC47 was increased ~6-fold and LHCII by ~27%. We propose that LPA2 catalyses a step during PSII assembly without which PSII monomers and further assemblies become unstable and prone to degradation. The LHCI antenna was more disconnected from PSI in the lpa2 mutant, presumably as an adaptive response to reduce excitation of PSI. From the co-migration profiles of 1734 membrane-associated proteins, we identified three novel putative PSII associated proteins with potential roles in regulating PSII complex dynamics, assembly, and chlorophyll breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spaniol
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Julia Lang
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benedikt Venn
- Computational Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lara Schake
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthieu Mustas
- Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Yves Choquet
- Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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13
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Che L, Meng H, Ruan J, Peng L, Zhang L. Rubredoxin 1 Is Required for Formation of the Functional Photosystem II Core Complex in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824358. [PMID: 35283894 PMCID: PMC8905225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast thylakoid protein rubredoxin 1 (RBD1) in Chlamydomonas and its cyanobacterial homolog RubA contain a rubredoxin domain. These proteins have been proposed to participate in the assembly of photosystem II (PSII) at early stages. However, the effects of inactivation of RBD1 on PSII assembly in higher plants are largely unclear. Here, we characterized an Arabidopsis rbd1 mutant in detail. A drastic reduction of intact PSII complex but relatively higher levels of assembly intermediates including PSII RC, pre-CP47, and pre-CP43 were found in rbd1. Polysome association and ribosome profiling revealed that ribosome recruitment of psbA mRNA is specifically reduced. Consistently, in vivo protein pulse-chase labeling showed that the rate of D1/pD1 synthesis is significantly reduced in rbd1 compared with WT. Moreover, newly synthesized mature D1 and pD1/D2 can assemble into the PSII reaction center (RC) complex but further formation of larger PSII complexes is nearly totally blocked in rbd1. Our data imply that RBD1 is not only required for the formation of a functional PSII core complex during the early stages of PSII assembly but may also be involved in the translation of D1 in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Che
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxiang Ruan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang,
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14
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Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Nakajima Y, Suzuki T, Kato KH, Tsuboshita N, Dohmae N, Shen JR, Ehira S, Akimoto S. Excitation-energy transfer in heterocysts isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 as studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148509. [PMID: 34793768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heterocysts are formed in filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria under nitrogen-starvation conditions, and possess a very low amount of photosystem II (PSII) complexes than vegetative cells. Molecular, morphological, and biochemical characterizations of heterocysts have been investigated; however, excitation-energy dynamics in heterocysts are still unknown. In this study, we examined excitation-energy-relaxation processes of pigment-protein complexes in heterocysts isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Thylakoid membranes from the heterocysts showed no oxygen-evolving activity under our experimental conditions and no thermoluminescence-glow curve originating from charge recombination of S2QA-. Two dimensional blue-native/SDS-PAGE analysis exhibits tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric photosystem I (PSI) complexes but almost no dimeric and monomeric PSII complexes in the heterocyst thylakoids. The steady-state fluorescence spectrum of the heterocyst thylakoids at 77 K displays both characteristic PSI fluorescence and unusual PSII fluorescence different from the fluorescence of PSII dimer and monomer complexes. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra at 77 K, followed by fluorescence decay-associated spectra, showed different PSII and PSI fluorescence bands between heterocysts and vegetative thylakoids. Based on these findings, we discuss excitation-energy-transfer mechanisms in the heterocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ka-Ho Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuboshita
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeki Ehira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Different Regulatory Modes of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in Response to Photosynthesis Inhibitory Conditions. mSystems 2021; 6:e0094321. [PMID: 34874777 PMCID: PMC8651088 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00943-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are promising industrial platforms owing to their ability to produce diverse natural secondary metabolites and nonnative value-added biochemicals from CO2 and light. To fully utilize their industrial potency, it is critical to understand their photosynthetic efficiency under various environmental conditions. In this study, we elucidated the inhibitory mechanisms of photosynthesis under high-light and low-temperature stress conditions in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Under each stress condition, the transcript abundance and translation efficiency were measured using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome profiling, and the genome-wide transcription unit architecture was constructed by data integration of transcription start sites and transcript 3′-end positions obtained from differential RNA-seq and sequencing of 3′-ends (Term-seq), respectively. Our results suggested that the mode of photosynthesis inhibition differed between the two stress conditions; high light stress induced photodamage responses, while low temperature stress impaired the translation efficiency of photosynthesis-associated genes. In particular, poor translation of photosystem I resulted from ribosome stalling at the untranslated regions, affecting the overall photosynthetic yield under low temperature stress. Our comprehensive multiomics analysis with transcription unit architecture provides foundational information on photosynthesis for future industrial strain development. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are a compelling biochemical production platform for their ability to propagate using light and atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis. However, the engineering of strains is hampered by limited understanding of photosynthesis under diverse environmental conditions such as high-light and low-temperature stresses. Herein, we decipher the transcriptomic and translatomic responses of the photosynthetic efficiency to stress conditions using the integrative analysis of multiomic data generated by RNA-seq and ribosome profiling, respectively. Through the generated massive data, along with the guide of the genome-wide transcription unit architecture constructed by transcription start sites and transcript 3′-end positions, we identified the factors affecting photosynthesis at transcription, posttranscription, and translation levels. Importantly, the high-light stress induces photodamage responses, and the low-temperature stress cripples the translation efficiency of photosynthesis-associated genes. The resulting insights provide pivotal information for future cyanobacterial cell factories powered by the engineering toward robust photosynthesis ability.
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16
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Cecchin M, Jeong J, Son W, Kim M, Park S, Zuliani L, Cazzaniga S, Pompa A, Young Kang C, Bae S, Ballottari M, Jin E. LPA2 protein is involved in photosystem II assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1648-1662. [PMID: 34218480 PMCID: PMC8518032 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes require the proper assembly of photosystem II (PSII) in order to strip electrons from water and fuel carbon fixation reactions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, one of the PSII subunits (CP43/PsbC) was suggested to be assembled into the PSII complex via its interaction with an auxiliary protein called Low PSII Accumulation 2 (LPA2). However, the original articles describing the role of LPA2 in PSII assembly have been retracted. To investigate the function of LPA2 in the model organism for green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we generated knockout lpa2 mutants by using the CRISPR-Cas9 target-specific genome editing system. Biochemical analyses revealed the thylakoidal localization of LPA2 protein in the wild type (WT), whereas lpa2 mutants were characterized by a drastic reduction in the levels of D1, D2, CP47 and CP43 proteins. Consequently, reduced PSII supercomplex accumulation, chlorophyll content per cell, PSII quantum yield and photosynthetic oxygen evolution were measured in the lpa2 mutants, leading to the almost complete impairment of photoautotrophic growth. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the absence of LPA2 protein caused reduced PSII assembly and reduced PSII turnover. Taken together, our data indicate that, in C. reinhardtii, LPA2 is required for PSII assembly and proper function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cecchin
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | - Jooyeon Jeong
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang University222, Wangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Korea
| | - Woojae Son
- Department of ChemistryHanyang University222, Wangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang University222, Wangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Korea
| | - Seunghye Park
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang University222, Wangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Korea
| | - Luca Zuliani
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomolecolariUniversità degli studi di UrbinoVia Aurelio Saffi, 2Urbino61029Italy
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheVia Madonna Alta, 130Perugia06128Italy
| | - Chan Young Kang
- Department of ChemistryHanyang University222, Wangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of ChemistryHanyang University222, Wangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Korea
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang University222, Wangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Korea
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17
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Jacobson TB, Callaghan MM, Amador-Noguez D. Hostile Takeover: How Viruses Reprogram Prokaryotic Metabolism. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 75:515-539. [PMID: 34348026 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-060621-043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To reproduce, prokaryotic viruses must hijack the cellular machinery of their hosts and redirect it toward the production of viral particles. While takeover of the host replication and protein synthesis apparatus has long been considered an essential feature of infection, recent studies indicate that extensive reprogramming of host primary metabolism is a widespread phenomenon among prokaryotic viruses that is required to fulfill the biosynthetic needs of virion production. In this review we provide an overview of the most significant recent findings regarding virus-induced reprogramming of prokaryotic metabolism and suggest how quantitative systems biology approaches may be used to provide a holistic understanding of metabolic remodeling during lytic viral infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Jacobson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; , , .,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.,Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Melanie M Callaghan
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; , , .,Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; , , .,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.,Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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18
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PAP90, a novel rice protein plays a critical role in regulation of D1 protein stability of PSII. J Adv Res 2021; 30:197-211. [PMID: 34026296 PMCID: PMC8132209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photosystem II (PSII) protein complex plays an essential role in the entire photosynthesis process. Various known and unknown protein factors are involved in the dynamics of the PSII complex that need to be characterized in crop plants for enhancing photosynthesis efficiency and productivity. Objectives The experiments were conducted to decipher the regulatory proteins involved in PSII dynamics of rice crop. Methods A novel rice regulatory protein PAP90 (PSII auxiliary protein ~90 kDa) was characterized by generating a loss-of-function mutant pap90. The mutation was characterized at molecular level followed by various experiments to analyze the morphological, physiological and biochemical processes of mutant under control and abiotic stresses. Results The pap90 mutant showed reduced photosynthesis due to D1 protein instability that subsequently causes inadequate accumulation of thylakoid membrane complexes, especially PSII and decreases PSII functional efficiency. Expression of OsFtsH family genes and proteins were induced in the mutant, which are known to play a key role in D1 protein degradation and turnover. The reduced D1 protein accumulation in the mutant increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of ROS along with the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and induced expression of stress-associated genes and proteins in pap90 mutant contributed to its water-limited stress tolerance ability. Conclusion We propose that PAP90 is a key auxiliary protein that interacts with D1 protein and maintains its stability, thereby promoting subsequent assembly of the PSII and associated membrane complexes.
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19
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Fu HY, Ghandour R, Ruf S, Zoschke R, Bock R, Schöttler MA. The availability of neither D2 nor CP43 limits the biogenesis of photosystem II in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1111-1130. [PMID: 33793892 PMCID: PMC8133689 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of photosystem II (PSII) assembly is well understood, and multiple auxiliary proteins supporting it have been identified, but little is known about rate-limiting steps controlling PSII biogenesis. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, indications exist that the biosynthesis of the chloroplast-encoded D2 reaction center subunit (PsbD) limits PSII accumulation. To determine the importance of D2 synthesis for PSII accumulation in vascular plants and elucidate the contributions of transcriptional and translational regulation, we modified the 5'-untranslated region of psbD via chloroplast transformation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). A drastic reduction in psbD mRNA abundance resulted in a strong decrease in PSII content, impaired photosynthetic electron transport, and retarded growth under autotrophic conditions. Overexpression of the psbD mRNA also increased transcript abundance of psbC (the CP43 inner antenna protein), which is co-transcribed with psbD. Because translation efficiency remained unaltered, translation output of pbsD and psbC increased with mRNA abundance. However, this did not result in increased PSII accumulation. The introduction of point mutations into the Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence or start codon of psbD decreased translation efficiency without causing pronounced effects on PSII accumulation and function. These data show that neither transcription nor translation of psbD and psbC are rate-limiting for PSII biogenesis in vascular plants and that PSII assembly and accumulation in tobacco are controlled by different mechanisms than in cyanobacteria or in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Fu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rabea Ghandour
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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20
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Nymark M, Grønbech Hafskjold MC, Volpe C, Fonseca DDM, Sharma A, Tsirvouli E, Serif M, Winge P, Finazzi G, Bones AM. Functional studies of CpSRP54 in diatoms show that the mechanism of thylakoid protein insertion differs from that in plants and green algae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:113-132. [PMID: 33372269 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 kDa (CpSRP54) protein is a member of the CpSRP pathway known to target proteins to thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae. Loss of CpSRP54 in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum lowers the accumulation of a selection of chloroplast-encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes, indicating a role in the co-translational part of the CpSRP pathway. In contrast to plants and green algae, absence of CpSRP54 does not have a negative effect on the content of light-harvesting antenna complex proteins and pigments in P. tricornutum, indicating that the diatom CpSRP54 protein has not evolved to function in the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway. Cpsrp54 KO mutants display altered photophysiological responses, with a stronger induction of photoprotective mechanisms and lower growth rates compared to wild type when exposed to increased light intensities. Nonetheless, their phenotype is relatively mild, thanks to the activation of mechanisms alleviating the loss of CpSRP54, involving upregulation of chaperones. We conclude that plants, green algae, and diatoms have evolved differences in the pathways for co-translational and post-translational insertion of proteins into the thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Marthe Caroline Grønbech Hafskjold
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirini Tsirvouli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
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21
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Shi Y, Che Y, Wang Y, Luan S, Hou X. Loss of mature D1 leads to compromised CP43 assembly in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33610179 PMCID: PMC7896377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosystem II (PSII) is a highly conserved integral-membrane multi-subunit pigment-protein complex. The proteins, pigments, lipids, and ions in PSII need to be assembled precisely to ensure a proper PSII biogenesis. D1 is the main subunit of PSII core reaction center (RC), and is usually synthesized as a precursor D1. D1 maturation by the C-terminal processing protease CtpA is essential for PSII assembly. However, the detailed mechanism about how D1 maturation affects PSII assembly is not clearly elucidated so far. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana CtpA mutant (atctpa: SALK_056011), which lacks the D1 mature process, was used to investigate the function of this process on PSII assembly in more details. RESULTS Without the C-terminal processing of precursor D1, PSII assembly, including PSII monomer, dimer, especially PSII supercomplexes (PSII SCs), was largely compromised as reported previously. Western blotting following the BN-2D-SDS PAGE revealed that although the assembly of PSII core proteins D2, CP43 and CP47 was affected by the loss of D1 mature process, the incorporation of CP43 was affected the most, indicated by its most reduced assembly efficiency into PSII SCs. Furthermore, the slower growth of yeast cells which were co-transformed with pD1 and CP43, when compared with the ones co-transformed with mature D1 and CP43, approved the existence of D1 C-terminal tail hindered the interaction efficiency between D1 and CP43, indicating the physiological importance of D1 mature process on the PSII assembly and the healthy growth of the organisms. CONCLUSIONS The knockout Arabidopsis atctpa mutant is a good material to study the unexpected link between D1 maturation and PSII SCs assembly. The loss of D1 maturation mainly affects the incorporation of PSII core protein CP43, an inner antenna binding protein, which functions in the association of LHCII complexes to PSII dimers during the formation of PSII SCs. Our findings here provide detailed supports of the role of D1 maturation during PSII SCs assembly in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yufen Che
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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22
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Xu W, Zhang Y, Qi X, Fang Y, Peng C. Joint expression of Zmpepc, Zmppdk, and Zmnadp-me is more efficient than expression of one or two of those genes in improving the photosynthesis of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:410-419. [PMID: 33257233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of seven combinations of maize (Zea mays) genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc), pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk), and NADP-malic enzyme (nadp-me), on the photosynthesis of Arabidopsis. The photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, and shoot-dry-weight of Zmpepc (PC), Zmpepc + Zmppdk (PCK), Zmpepc + Zmnadp-me (PCM), and Zmpepc + Zmppdk + Zmnadp-me (PCKM) were significantly higher than those of the control wild-type (WT), with a trends to be PCKM > PCK > PC and PCM > WT. This indicated that Zmpepc was a prerequisite for improved photosynthetic performance; Zmppdk had a positive effect on Zmpepc, and the triple gene combination had the most significant synergistic effects. PCKM significantly enhanced activity of photosystem (PS)II (K, J phase) and PSI, light energy absorption (ABS/CSm) and conversion (TRo/ABS), and electron transfer (ETo/TRo). PCKM up-regulated 18 photosynthesis-related proteins, among which, 11 were involved in light reaction resulting in improved light-energy absorption and conversion efficiency, electron transfer, activity and stability of PSII and PSI, and the ATP and NADPH production. The remaining seven proteins were involved in dark reaction. The up-regulation of these proteins in PCKM improved the coordinated operation of light and dark reaction, increasing the photosynthesis and dry weight ultimately. These results also provide a promising strategy for the genetic improvement of the photosynthetic performance of C3 crops by inserting major C4 photosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Weigang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xueli Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuhui Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chaojun Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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23
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Xu ML, Zhu YG, Gu KH, Zhu JG, Yin Y, Ji R, Du WC, Guo HY. Transcriptome Reveals the Rice Response to Elevated Free Air CO 2 Concentration and TiO 2 Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11714-11724. [PMID: 31509697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing CO2 levels are speculated to change the effects of engineered nanomaterials in soil and on plant growth. How plants will respond to a combination of elevated CO2 and nanomaterials stress has rarely been investigated, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IIyou) response to TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2, 0 and 200 mg kg-1) using a free-air CO2 enrichment system with different CO2 levels (ambient ∼370 μmol mol-1 and elevated ∼570 μmol mol-1). The results showed that elevated CO2 or nano-TiO2 alone did not significantly affect rice chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, in the presence of nano-TiO2, elevated CO2 significantly enhanced the rice height, shoot biomass, and panicle biomass (by 9.4%, 12.8%, and 15.8%, respectively). Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in photosynthesis were up-regulated while most genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis were down-regulated in combination-treated rice. This indicated that elevated CO2 and nano-TiO2 might stimulate rice growth by adjusting resource allocation between photosynthesis and metabolism. This study provides novel insights into rice responses to increasing contamination under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Science , Xiamen 361021 , China
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Kai-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science , Chinese Academy of Science , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wen-Chao Du
- School of Environment , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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24
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On the interface of light-harvesting antenna complexes and reaction centers in oxygenic photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148079. [PMID: 31518567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) accomplish light-energy capture and photochemistry in natural photosynthesis. In this review, we examine three pigment protein complexes in oxygenic photosynthesis: light-harvesting antenna complexes and two reaction centers: Photosystem II (PSII), and Photosystem I (PSI). Recent technological developments promise unprecedented insights into how these multi-component protein complexes are assembled into higher order structures and thereby execute their function. Furthermore, the interfacial domain between light-harvesting antenna complexes and PSII, especially the potential roles of the structural loops from CP29 and the PB-loop of ApcE in higher plant and cyanobacteria, respectively, are discussed. It is emphasized that the structural nuances are required for the structural dynamics and consequently for functional regulation in response to an ever-changing and challenging environment.
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25
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A thylakoid membrane-bound and redox-active rubredoxin (RBD1) functions in de novo assembly and repair of photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16631-16640. [PMID: 31358635 PMCID: PMC6697814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903314116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water in photosynthesis, supplying energy and oxygen to many life-forms on earth. During PSII assembly and repair, PSII intermediate complexes are prone to photooxidative damage, requiring mechanisms to minimize this damage. Here, we report the functional characterization of RBD1, a PSII assembly factor that interacts with PSII intermediate complexes to ensure their functional assembly and repair. We propose that the redox activity of RBD1 participates together with the cytochrome b559 to protect PSII from photooxidation. This work not only improves our understanding of cellular protection mechanisms for the vital PSII complex but also informs genetic engineering strategies for protection of PSII repair to increase agricultural productivity. Photosystem II (PSII) undergoes frequent photooxidative damage that, if not repaired, impairs photosynthetic activity and growth. How photosynthetic organisms protect vulnerable PSII intermediate complexes during de novo assembly and repair remains poorly understood. Here, we report the genetic and biochemical characterization of chloroplast-located rubredoxin 1 (RBD1), a PSII assembly factor containing a redox-active rubredoxin domain and a single C-terminal transmembrane α-helix (TMH) domain. RBD1 is an integral thylakoid membrane protein that is enriched in stroma lamellae fractions with the rubredoxin domain exposed on the stromal side. RBD1 also interacts with PSII intermediate complexes containing cytochrome b559. Complementation of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (hereafter Chlamydomonas) RBD1-deficient 2pac mutant with constructs encoding RBD1 protein truncations and site-directed mutations demonstrated that the TMH domain is essential for de novo PSII assembly, whereas the rubredoxin domain is involved in PSII repair. The rubredoxin domain exhibits a redox midpoint potential of +114 mV and is proficient in 1-electron transfers to a surrogate cytochrome c in vitro. Reduction of oxidized RBD1 is NADPH dependent and can be mediated by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) in vitro. We propose that RBD1 participates, together with the cytochrome b559, in the protection of PSII intermediate complexes from photooxidative damage during de novo assembly and repair. This role of RBD1 is consistent with its evolutionary conservation among photosynthetic organisms and the fact that it is essential in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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26
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Kirchhoff H. Chloroplast ultrastructure in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:565-574. [PMID: 30721547 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast organelle in mesophyll cells of higher plants represents a sunlight-driven metabolic factory that eventually fuels life on our planet. Knowledge of the ultrastructure and the dynamics of this unique organelle is essential to understanding its function in an ever-changing and challenging environment. Recent technological developments promise unprecedented insights into chloroplast architecture and its functionality. The review highlights these new methodical approaches and provides structural models based on recent findings about the plasticity of the thylakoid membrane system in response to different light regimes. Furthermore, the potential role of the lipid droplets plastoglobuli is discussed. It is emphasized that detailed structural insights are necessary on different levels ranging from molecules to entire membrane systems for a holistic understanding of chloroplast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
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27
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Li Y, Liu B, Zhang J, Kong F, Zhang L, Meng H, Li W, Rochaix JD, Li D, Peng L. OHP1, OHP2, and HCF244 Form a Transient Functional Complex with the Photosystem II Reaction Center. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:195-208. [PMID: 30397023 PMCID: PMC6324237 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The reaction center (RC) of photosystem II (PSII), which is composed of D1, D2, PsbI, and cytochrome b559 subunits, forms at an early stage of PSII biogenesis. However, it is largely unclear how these components assemble to form a functional unit. In this work, we show that synthesis of the PSII core proteins D1/D2 and formation of the PSII RC is blocked specifically in the absence of ONE-HELIX PROTEIN1 (OHP1) and OHP2 proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), indicating that OHP1 and OHP2 are essential for the formation of the PSII RC. Mutagenesis of the chlorophyll-binding residues in OHP proteins impairs their function and/or stability, suggesting that they may function in the binding of chlorophyll in vivo. We further show that OHP1, OHP2, and HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE244 (HCF244), together with D1, D2, PsbI, and cytochrome b559, form a complex. We designated this complex the PSII RC-like complex to distinguish it from the RC subcomplex in the intact PSII complex. Our data imply that OHP1, OHP2, and HCF244 are present in this PSII RC-like complex for a limited time at an early stage of PSII de novo assembly and of PSII repair under high-light conditions. In a subsequent stage of PSII biogenesis, OHP1, OHP2, and HCF244 are released from the PSII RC-like complex and replaced by the other PSII subunits. Together with previous reports on the cyanobacterium Synechocystis, our results demonstrate that the process of PSII RC assembly is highly conserved among photosynthetic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fanna Kong
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Han Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Teachers University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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28
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Kemmler L, Ibrahim M, Dobbek H, Zouni A, Bondar AN. Dynamic water bridging and proton transfer at a surface carboxylate cluster of photosystem II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25449-25466. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen-bond cluster at a negatively-charged protein interface with a bound protein and long-lived waters might be a proton storage site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kemmler
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Department of Physics
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Humboldt Universtät zu Berlin
- Institute for Biology, Structural Biology and Biochemistry
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Humboldt Universtät zu Berlin
- Institute for Biology, Structural Biology and Biochemistry
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt Universtät zu Berlin
- Institute for Biology, Biophysics of Photosynthesis
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Department of Physics
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
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29
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Hey D, Grimm B. ONE-HELIX PROTEIN2 (OHP2) Is Required for the Stability of OHP1 and Assembly Factor HCF244 and Is Functionally Linked to PSII Biogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1453-1472. [PMID: 29930106 PMCID: PMC6084673 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The members of the light-harvesting complex protein family, which include the one-helix proteins (OHPs), are characterized by one to four membrane-spanning helices. These proteins function in light absorption and energy dissipation, sensing light intensity, and triggering photomorphogenesis or the binding of chlorophyll and intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains two OHPs, while four homologs (named high-light-induced proteins) exist in Synechocystis PCC6803. Various functions have been assigned to high-light-induced proteins, ranging from photoprotection and the assembly of photosystem I (PSI) and PSII to regulation of the early steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis, but little is known about the function of the two plant OHPs. Here, we show that the two Arabidopsis OHPs form heterodimers and that the stromal part of OHP2 interacts with the plastid-localized PSII assembly factor HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE244 (HCF244). Moreover, concurrent accumulation of the two OHPs and HCF244 is critical for the stability of all three proteins. In particular, the absence of OHP2 leads to the complete loss of OHP1 and HCF244. We used a virus-induced gene silencing approach to minimize the expression of OHP1 or OHP2 in adult Arabidopsis plants and revealed that OHP2 is essential for the accumulation of the PSII core subunits, while the other photosynthetic complexes and the major light-harvesting complex proteins remained unaffected. We examined the potential functions of the OHP1-OHP2-HCF244 complex in the assembly and/or repair of PSII and propose a role for this heterotrimeric complex in thylakoid membrane biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hey
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers and play a key role in physiological adaptive processes to heat stress. In addition to expressing heat shock proteins that protect proteins from heat-induced damage, metabolic reprogramming occurs during adaptive physiological processes in chloroplasts. Heat stress leads to inhibition of plant photosynthetic activity by damaging key components functioning in a variety of metabolic processes, with concomitant reductions in biomass production and crop yield. In this review article, we will focus on events through extensive and transient metabolic reprogramming in response to heat stress, which included chlorophyll breakdown, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defense, protein turnover, and metabolic alterations with carbon assimilation. Such diverse metabolic reprogramming in chloroplasts is required for systemic acquired acclimation to heat stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Wang
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Juan-Hua Chen
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ning-Yu He
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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31
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Giovanardi M, Poggioli M, Ferroni L, Lespinasse M, Baldisserotto C, Aro EM, Pancaldi S. Higher packing of thylakoid complexes ensures a preserved Photosystem II activity in mixotrophic Neochloris oleoabundans. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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32
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del Val C, Bondar AN. Charged groups at binding interfaces of the PsbO subunit of photosystem II: A combined bioinformatics and simulation study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:432-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Denton AK, Maß J, Külahoglu C, Lercher MJ, Bräutigam A, Weber APM. Freeze-quenched maize mesophyll and bundle sheath separation uncovers bias in previous tissue-specific RNA-Seq data. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:147-160. [PMID: 28043950 PMCID: PMC5853576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The high efficiency of C4 photosynthesis relies on spatial division of labor, classically with initial carbon fixation in the mesophyll and carbon reduction in the bundle sheath. By employing grinding and serial filtration over liquid nitrogen, we enriched C4 tissues along a developing leaf gradient. This method treats both C4 tissues in an integrity-preserving and consistent manner, while allowing complementary measurements of metabolite abundance and enzyme activity, thus providing a comprehensive data set. Meta-analysis of this and the previous studies highlights the strengths and weaknesses of different C4 tissue separation techniques. While the method reported here achieves the least enrichment, it is the only one that shows neither strong 3' (degradation) bias, nor different severity of 3' bias between samples. The meta-analysis highlighted previously unappreciated observations, such as an accumulation of evidence that aspartate aminotransferase is more mesophyll specific than expected from the current NADP-ME C4 cycle model, and a shift in enrichment of protein synthesis genes from bundle sheath to mesophyll during development. The full comparative dataset is available for download, and a web visualization tool (available at http://www.plant-biochemistry.hhu.de/resources.html) facilitates comparison of the the Z. mays bundle sheath and mesophyll studies, their consistencies and their conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisandra K Denton
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), iGRAD-Plant Program, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janina Maß
- Institute of Informatics, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), iGRAD-Plant Program, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Canan Külahoglu
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), iGRAD-Plant Program, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin J Lercher
- Institute of Informatics, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), iGRAD-Plant Program, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), iGRAD-Plant Program, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Network Analysis and Modeling Group, IPK Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), iGRAD-Plant Program, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Xue X, Wang Q, Qu Y, Wu H, Dong F, Cao H, Wang HL, Xiao J, Shen Y, Wan Y. Development of the photosynthetic apparatus of Cunninghamia lanceolata in light and darkness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:300-313. [PMID: 27401059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we compared the development of dark- and light-grown Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) cotyledons, which synthesize chlorophyll in the dark, representing a different phenomenon from angiosperm model plants. We determined that the grana lamellar membranes were well developed in both chloroplasts and etiochloroplasts. The accumulation of thylakoid membrane protein complexes was similar between chloroplasts and etiochloroplasts. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters indicated that photosystem II (PSII) had low photosynthetic activities, whereas the photosystem I (PSI)-driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) rate exceeded the rate of PSII-mediated photon harvesting in etiochloroplasts. Analysis of the protein contents in etiochloroplasts indicated that the light-harvesting complex II remained mostly in its monomeric conformation. The ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase and NADH dehydrogenase-like complexes were relatively abundantly expressed in etiochloroplasts for Chinese fir. Our transcriptome analysis contributes a global expression database for Chinese fir cotyledons, providing background information on the regulatory mechanisms of different genes involved in the development of dark- and light-grown cotyledons. In conclusion, we provide a novel description of the early developmental status of the light-dependent and light-independent photosynthetic apparatuses in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xue
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanli Qu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongyang Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haoyan Cao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Nagao R, Tomo T, Narikawa R, Enami I, Ikeuchi M. Conversion of photosystem II dimer to monomers during photoinhibition is tightly coupled with decrease in oxygen-evolving activity in the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:83-91. [PMID: 26846772 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid turnover of photosystem II (PSII) in diatoms is thought to be at an exceptionally high rate compared with other oxyphototrophs; however, its molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the photodamage and repair processes of PSII in the marine centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis incubated at 30 or 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1 in the presence of a de novo protein-synthesis inhibitor. When de novo protein synthesis was blocked by chloramphenicol (Cm), oxygen-evolving activity gradually decreased even at 30 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and could not be detected at 12 h. PSII inactivation was enhanced by higher illumination. Using Cm-treated cells, the conversion of PSII dimer to monomers was observed by blue native PAGE. The rate of PSII monomerization was very similar to that of the decrease in oxygen-evolving activity under both light conditions. Immunological detection of D1 protein in the Cm-treated cells showed that the rate of D1 degradation was slower than that of the former two events, although it was more rapid than that observed in other oxyphototrophs. Thus, the three accelerated events, especially PSII monomerization, appear to cause the unusually high rate of PSII turnover in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Rei Narikawa
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Isao Enami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Theis J, Schroda M. Revisiting the photosystem II repair cycle. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1218587. [PMID: 27494214 PMCID: PMC5058467 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1218587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of photosystem (PS) II to catalyze the light-driven oxidation of water comes along with its vulnerability to oxidative damage, in particular of the D1 core subunit. Photodamaged PSII undergoes repair in a multi-step process involving (i) reversible phosphorylation of PSII core subunits; (ii) monomerization and lateral migration of the PSII core from grana to stroma thylakoids; (iii) partial disassembly of PSII; (iv) proteolytic degradation of damaged D1; (v) replacement of damaged D1 protein with a new copy; (vi) reassembly of PSII monomers and migration back to grana thylakoids for dimerization and supercomplex assembly. Here we review the current knowledge on the PSII repair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Theis
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- CONTACT Michael Schroda Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 70, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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In Vivo Radiolabeling of Arabidopsis Chloroplast Proteins and Separation of Thylakoid Membrane Complexes by Blue Native PAGE. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27424759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3759-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of membrane protein complex assembly and degradation is essential to understand cellular protein dynamics. Blue native PAGE provides a powerful tool to analyze the composition and formation of protein complexes. Combined with in vivo radiolabeling, the synthesis and decay of protein complexes can be monitored on a timescale ranging from minutes to several hours. Here, we describe a protocol to analyze thylakoid membrane complexes starting either with (35)S-methionine labeling of intact Arabidopsis leaves to investigate protein complex dynamics or with unlabeled leaf material to monitor steady-state complex composition.
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von Sydow L, Schwenkert S, Meurer J, Funk C, Mamedov F, Schröder WP. The PsbY protein of Arabidopsis Photosystem II is important for the redox control of cytochrome b559. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1524-1533. [PMID: 27220875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II is a protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms and performs the light driven water oxidation into electrons and molecular oxygen that initiate the photosynthetic process. This important complex is composed of more than two dozen of intrinsic and peripheral subunits, of those half are low molecular mass proteins. PsbY is one of those low molecular mass proteins; this 4.7-4.9kDa intrinsic protein seems not to bind any cofactors. Based on structural data from cyanobacterial and red algal Photosystem II PsbY is located closely or in direct contact with cytochrome b559. Cytb559 consists of two protein subunits (PsbE and PsbF) ligating a heme-group in-between them. While the exact function of this component in Photosystem II has not yet been clarified, a crucial role for assembly and photo-protection in prokaryotic complexes has been suggested. One unique feature of Cytb559 is its redox-heterogeneity, forming high, medium and low potential, however, neither origin nor mechanism are known. To reveal the function of PsbY within Photosystem II of Arabidopsis we have analysed PsbY knock-out plants and compared them to wild type and to complemented mutant lines. We show that in the absence of PsbY protein Cytb559 is only present in its oxidized, low potential form and plants depleted of PsbY were found to be more susceptible to photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta von Sydow
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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PBR1 selectively controls biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes by modulating translation of the large chloroplast gene Ycf1 in Arabidopsis. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16003. [PMID: 27462450 PMCID: PMC4870678 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of photosystem I (PSI), cytochrome b6f (Cytb6f) and NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) complexes relies on the spatially and temporally coordinated expression and translation of both nuclear and chloroplast genes. Here we report the identification of photosystem biogenesis regulator 1 (PBR1), a nuclear-encoded chloroplast RNA-binding protein that regulates the concerted biogenesis of NDH, PSI and Cytb6f complexes. We identified Ycf1, one of the two largest chloroplast genome-encoded open reading frames as the direct downstream target protein of PBR1. Biochemical and molecular analyses reveal that PBR1 regulates Ycf1 translation by directly binding to its mRNA. Surprisingly, we further demonstrate that relocation of the chloroplast gene Ycf1 fused with a plastid-transit sequence to the nucleus bypasses the requirement of PBR1 for Ycf1 translation, which sufficiently complements the defects in biogenesis of NDH, PSI and Cytb6f complexes in PBR1-deficient plants. Remarkably, the nuclear-encoded PBR1 tightly controls the expression of the chloroplast gene Ycf1 at the translational level, which is sufficient to sustain the coordinated biogenesis of NDH, PSI and Cytb6f complexes as a whole. Our findings provide deep insights into better understanding of how a predominant nuclear-encoded factor can act as a migratory mediator and undergoes selective translational regulation of the target plastid gene in controlling biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes.
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40
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Weisz DA, Gross ML, Pakrasi HB. The Use of Advanced Mass Spectrometry to Dissect the Life-Cycle of Photosystem II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:617. [PMID: 27242823 PMCID: PMC4862242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a photosynthetic membrane-protein complex that undergoes an intricate, tightly regulated cycle of assembly, damage, and repair. The available crystal structures of cyanobacterial PSII are an essential foundation for understanding PSII function, but nonetheless provide a snapshot only of the active complex. To study aspects of the entire PSII life-cycle, mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful tool that can be used in conjunction with biochemical techniques. In this article, we present the MS-based approaches that are used to study PSII composition, dynamics, and structure, and review the information about the PSII life-cycle that has been gained by these methods. This information includes the composition of PSII subcomplexes, discovery of accessory PSII proteins, identification of post-translational modifications and quantification of their changes under various conditions, determination of the binding site of proteins not observed in PSII crystal structures, conformational changes that underlie PSII functions, and identification of water and oxygen channels within PSII. We conclude with an outlook for the opportunity of future MS contributions to PSII research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Weisz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Himadri B. Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
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41
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Ago H, Adachi H, Umena Y, Tashiro T, Kawakami K, Kamiya N, Tian L, Han G, Kuang T, Liu Z, Wang F, Zou H, Enami I, Miyano M, Shen JR. Novel Features of Eukaryotic Photosystem II Revealed by Its Crystal Structure Analysis from a Red Alga. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5676-5687. [PMID: 26757821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes light-induced water splitting, leading to the evolution of molecular oxygen indispensible for life on the earth. The crystal structure of PSII from cyanobacteria has been solved at an atomic level, but the structure of eukaryotic PSII has not been analyzed. Because eukaryotic PSII possesses additional subunits not found in cyanobacterial PSII, it is important to solve the structure of eukaryotic PSII to elucidate their detailed functions, as well as evolutionary relationships. Here we report the structure of PSII from a red alga Cyanidium caldarium at 2.76 Å resolution, which revealed the structure and interaction sites of PsbQ', a unique, fourth extrinsic protein required for stabilizing the oxygen-evolving complex in the lumenal surface of PSII. The PsbQ' subunit was found to be located underneath CP43 in the vicinity of PsbV, and its structure is characterized by a bundle of four up-down helices arranged in a similar way to those of cyanobacterial and higher plant PsbQ, although helices I and II of PsbQ' were kinked relative to its higher plant counterpart because of its interactions with CP43. Furthermore, two novel transmembrane helices were found in the red algal PSII that are not present in cyanobacterial PSII; one of these helices may correspond to PsbW found only in eukaryotic PSII. The present results represent the first crystal structure of PSII from eukaryotic oxygenic organisms, which were discussed in comparison with the structure of cyanobacterial PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ago
- From the RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Adachi
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Umena
- the Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan,; the Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tashiro
- the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- the Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kamiya
- the Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan,; the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Lirong Tian
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guangye Han
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- the Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and
| | - Fangjun Wang
- the Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and
| | - Hanfa Zou
- the Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and
| | - Isao Enami
- the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | | | - Jian-Ren Shen
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan,; the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China,.
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Plöchinger M, Schwenkert S, von Sydow L, Schröder WP, Meurer J. Functional Update of the Auxiliary Proteins PsbW, PsbY, HCF136, PsbN, TerC and ALB3 in Maintenance and Assembly of PSII. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:423. [PMID: 27092151 PMCID: PMC4823308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of Photosystem (PS) II in plants has turned out to be a highly complex process which, at least in part, occurs in a sequential order and requires many more auxiliary proteins than subunits present in the complex. Owing to the high evolutionary conservation of the subunit composition and the three-dimensional structure of the PSII complex, most plant factors involved in the biogenesis of PSII originated from cyanobacteria and only rarely evolved de novo. Furthermore, in chloroplasts the initial assembly steps occur in the non-appressed stroma lamellae, whereas the final assembly including the attachment of the major LHCII antenna proteins takes place in the grana regions. The stroma lamellae are also the place where part of PSII repair occurs, which very likely also involves assembly factors. In cyanobacteria initial PSII assembly also occurs in the thylakoid membrane, in so-called thylakoid centers, which are in contact with the plasma membrane. Here, we provide an update on the structures, localisations, topologies, functions, expression and interactions of the low molecular mass PSII subunits PsbY, PsbW and the auxiliary factors HCF136, PsbN, TerC and ALB3, assisting in PSII complex assembly and protein insertion into the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Plöchinger
- Department Biologie I, Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lotta von Sydow
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of Chemistry, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang P. Schröder
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of Chemistry, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang P. Schröder,
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Department Biologie I, Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
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43
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Lu Y. Identification and Roles of Photosystem II Assembly, Stability, and Repair Factors in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:168. [PMID: 26909098 PMCID: PMC4754418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-component pigment-protein complex that is responsible for water splitting, oxygen evolution, and plastoquinone reduction. Components of PSII can be classified into core proteins, low-molecular-mass proteins, extrinsic oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) proteins, and light-harvesting complex II proteins. In addition to these PSII subunits, more than 60 auxiliary proteins, enzymes, or components of thylakoid protein trafficking/targeting systems have been discovered to be directly or indirectly involved in de novo assembly and/or the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. For example, components of thylakoid-protein-targeting complexes and the chloroplast-vesicle-transport system were found to deliver PSII subunits to thylakoid membranes. Various auxiliary proteins, such as PsbP-like (Psb stands for PSII) and light-harvesting complex-like proteins, atypical short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family proteins, and tetratricopeptide repeat proteins, were discovered to assist the de novo assembly and stability of PSII and the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. Furthermore, a series of enzymes were discovered to catalyze important enzymatic steps, such as C-terminal processing of the D1 protein, thiol/disulfide-modulation, peptidylprolyl isomerization, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PSII core and antenna proteins, and degradation of photodamaged PSII proteins. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the identities and molecular functions of different types of proteins that influence the assembly, stability, and repair of PSII in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Lorch S, Capponi S, Pieront F, Bondar AN. Dynamic Carboxylate/Water Networks on the Surface of the PsbO Subunit of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12172-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lorch
- Theoretical
Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Capponi
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Medical Sciences I, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Florian Pieront
- Theoretical
Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Theoretical
Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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45
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Liu J, Last RL. A land plant-specific thylakoid membrane protein contributes to photosystem II maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:731-43. [PMID: 25846821 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The structure and function of photosystem II (PSII) are highly susceptible to photo-oxidative damage induced by high-fluence or fluctuating light. However, many of the mechanistic details of how PSII homeostasis is maintained under photoinhibitory light remain to be determined. We describe an analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene At5g07020, which encodes an unannotated integral thylakoid membrane protein. Loss of the protein causes altered PSII function under high-irradiance light, and hence it is named 'Maintenance of PSII under High light 1' (MPH1). The MPH1 protein co-purifies with PSII core complexes and co-immunoprecipitates core proteins. Consistent with a role in PSII structure, PSII complexes (supercomplexes, dimers and monomers) of the mph1 mutant are less stable in plants subjected to photoinhibitory light. Accumulation of PSII core proteins is compromised under these conditions in the presence of translational inhibitors. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the mutant has enhanced PSII protein damage rather than defective repair. These data are consistent with the distribution of the MPH1 protein in grana and stroma thylakoids, and its interaction with PSII core complexes. Taken together, these results strongly suggest a role for MPH1 in the protection and/or stabilization of PSII under high-light stress in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Schöttler MA, Tóth SZ, Boulouis A, Kahlau S. Photosynthetic complex stoichiometry dynamics in higher plants: biogenesis, function, and turnover of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2373-400. [PMID: 25540437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During plant development and in response to fluctuating environmental conditions, large changes in leaf assimilation capacity and in the metabolic consumption of ATP and NADPH produced by the photosynthetic apparatus can occur. To minimize cytotoxic side reactions, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, photosynthetic electron transport needs to be adjusted to the metabolic demand. The cytochrome b6f complex and chloroplast ATP synthase form the predominant sites of photosynthetic flux control. Accordingly, both respond strongly to changing environmental conditions and metabolic states. Usually, their contents are strictly co-regulated. Thereby, the capacity for proton influx into the lumen, which is controlled by electron flux through the cytochrome b6f complex, is balanced with proton efflux through ATP synthase, which drives ATP synthesis. We discuss the environmental, systemic, and metabolic signals triggering the stoichiometry adjustments of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. The contribution of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of subunit synthesis, and the importance of auxiliary proteins required for complex assembly in achieving the stoichiometry adjustments is described. Finally, current knowledge on the stability and turnover of both complexes is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alix Boulouis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahlau
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Photosystem II repair in plant chloroplasts--Regulation, assisting proteins and shared components with photosystem II biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:900-9. [PMID: 25615587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem (PS) II is a multisubunit thylakoid membrane pigment-protein complex responsible for light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone. Currently more than 40 proteins are known to associate with PSII, either stably or transiently. The inherent feature of the PSII complex is its vulnerability in light, with the damage mainly targeted to one of its core proteins, the D1 protein. The repair of the damaged D1 protein, i.e. the repair cycle of PSII, initiates in the grana stacks where the damage generally takes place, but subsequently continues in non-appressed thylakoid domains, where many steps are common for both the repair and de novo assembly of PSII. The sequence of the (re)assembly steps of genuine PSII subunits is relatively well-characterized in higher plants. A number of novel findings have shed light into the regulation mechanisms of lateral migration of PSII subcomplexes and the repair as well as the (re)assembly of the complex. Besides the utmost importance of the PSII repair cycle for the maintenance of PSII functionality, recent research has pointed out that the maintenance of PSI is closely dependent on regulation of the PSII repair cycle. This review focuses on the current knowledge of regulation of the repair cycle of PSII in higher plant chloroplasts. Particular emphasis is paid on sequential assembly steps of PSII and the function of the number of PSII auxiliary proteins involved both in the biogenesis and repair of PSII. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Levey T, Westhoff P, Meierhoff K. Expression of a nuclear-encoded psbH gene complements the plastidic RNA processing defect in the PSII mutant hcf107 in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:292-304. [PMID: 25081859 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The helical-repeat RNA-binding protein HCF107 is required for processing, stabilization and translation of plastid-encoded psbH mRNA. The psbH gene encodes a small, hydrophilic subunit of the PSII complex and is part of the plastidic psbB-psbT-psbH-petB-petD transcription unit. In Arabidopsis hcf107 mutants, only trace amounts of PSII proteins can be detected. Beside drastically reduced synthesis of PsbH, the synthesis of CP47 was also reduced in these mutants, although the corresponding psbB transcripts accumulate to wild type levels. This situation raises the question, whether the reduction of CP47 is a direct consequence of the mutation, based on targeting of HCF107 to the psbB mRNA, or a secondary affect due to the absent PsbH. To clarify this issue we introduced a chimeric psbH construct comprising a sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide into the hcf107-2 background. We found that the nucleus-localized psbH was able to complement the mutant defect resulting in photoautotrophic plants. The PSII proteins CP47 and D1 accumulated to barely half of the wild type level. Further experiments showed that cytosolically synthesized PsbH was imported into chloroplasts and assembled into PSII complexes. Using this approach, we showed that the tetratricopeptide repeat protein HCF107 of Arabidopsis is only responsible for expression of PsbH and not for synthesis of CP47. In addition the data suggest the necessity of the small, one-helix membrane spanning protein PsbH for the accumulation of CP47 in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Levey
- Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mabbitt PD, Wilbanks SM, Eaton-Rye JJ. Structure and function of the hydrophilic Photosystem II assembly proteins: Psb27, Psb28 and Ycf48. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:96-107. [PMID: 24656878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) is a macromolecular complex responsible for light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone as part of the photosynthetic electron transport chain found in thylakoid membranes. Each PS II complex is composed of at least 20 protein subunits and over 80 cofactors. The biogenesis of PS II requires further hydrophilic and membrane-spanning proteins which are not part of the active holoenzyme. Many of these biogenesis proteins make transient interactions with specific PS II assembly intermediates: sometimes these are essential for biogenesis while in other examples they are required for optimizing assembly of the mature complex. In this review the function and structure of the Psb27, Psb28 and Ycf48 hydrophilic assembly factors is discussed by combining structural, biochemical and physiological information. Each of these assembly factors has homologues in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. We provide a simple overview for the roles of these protein factors in cyanobacterial PS II assembly emphasizing their participation in both photosystem biogenesis and recovery from photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Mabbitt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sigurd M Wilbanks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Hojka M, Thiele W, Tóth SZ, Lein W, Bock R, Schöttler MA. Inducible Repression of Nuclear-Encoded Subunits of the Cytochrome b6f Complex in Tobacco Reveals an Extraordinarily Long Lifetime of the Complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1632-1646. [PMID: 24963068 PMCID: PMC4119044 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.243741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of the cytochrome b6f complex in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seems to be restricted to young leaves, suggesting a high lifetime of the complex. To directly determine its lifetime, we employed an ethanol-inducible RNA interference (RNAi) approach targeted against the essential nuclear-encoded Rieske protein (PetC) and the small M subunit (PetM), whose function in higher plants is unknown. Young expanding leaves of both PetM and PetC RNAi transformants bleached rapidly and developed necroses, while mature leaves, whose photosynthetic apparatus was fully assembled before RNAi induction, stayed green. In line with these phenotypes, cytochrome b6f complex accumulation and linear electron transport capacity were strongly repressed in young leaves of both RNAi transformants, showing that the M subunit is as essential for cytochrome b6f complex accumulation as the Rieske protein. In mature leaves, all photosynthetic parameters were indistinguishable from the wild type even after 14 d of induction. As RNAi repression of PetM and PetC was highly efficient in both young and mature leaves, these data indicate a lifetime of the cytochrome b6f complex of at least 1 week. The switch-off of cytochrome b6f complex biogenesis in mature leaves may represent part of the first dedicated step of the leaf senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hojka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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