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Boyd-Shiwarski CR, Shiwarski DJ, Subramanya AR. A New Phase for WNK Kinase Signaling Complexes as Biomolecular Condensates. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38624245 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight transformative advances that have been made in the field of biomolecular condensates, with special emphasis on condensate material properties, physiology, and kinases, using the With-No-Lysine (WNK) kinases as a prototypical example. To convey how WNK kinases illustrate important concepts for biomolecular condensates, we start with a brief history, focus on defining features of biomolecular condensates, and delve into some examples of how condensates are implicated in cellular physiology (and pathophysiology). We then highlight how WNK kinases, through the action of "WNK droplets" that ubiquitously regulate intracellular volume and kidney-specific "WNK bodies" that are implicated in distal tubule salt reabsorption and potassium homeostasis, exemplify many of the defining features of condensates. Finally, this review addresses the controversies within this emerging field and questions to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R Boyd-Shiwarski
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J Shiwarski
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arohan R Subramanya
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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2
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Hwang IY, Kim JS, Harrison KA, Park C, Shi CS, Kehrl JH. Chemokine-mediated F-actin dynamics, polarity, and migration in B lymphocytes depend on WNK1 signaling. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade1119. [PMID: 39190707 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-engaged chemokine receptors trigger nucleotide exchange in heterotrimeric Gαi proteins, which stimulates cytoskeletal reorganization and cell polarity changes. To better understand the signaling events responsible for these cellular changes, we focused on early changes in F-actin dynamics after engagement of the chemokine receptor CXCR5 in murine splenic B cells. Within 10 seconds of exposure to the CXCR5 ligand CXCL13, three-dimensional lamellar-like pseudopods and F-actin-rich ridges appeared. The transient F-actin increase depended on Gαi2/3 signaling, the PI3K/AKT pathway, ERK activation, phospholipase C activity, and Rac1/2 activation mediated by Dock2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2). Immunoblot analyses identified the kinase WNK1 (with no lysine kinase 1) as a potential early AKT effector. Treating B cells with specific WNK inhibitors disrupted F-actin dynamics and impaired B cell polarity, motility, and chemotaxis. These changes were mimicked in a murine B cell line by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of Wnk1, which also suggested that WNK1 contributed to B cell proliferation. Administration of a single dose of a WNK inhibitor transiently reduced B cell motility and polarity in the lymph nodes of live mice. These results indicate that WNK1 signaling maintains B cell responsiveness to CXCL13 and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of WNK1, which is involved in cancer progression and blood pressure regulation, may affect humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Hwang
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen A Harrison
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chung Park
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chong Shan Shi
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Jaykumar AB, Plumber S, Binns D, Wichaidit C, Luby-Phelps K, Cobb MH. SMURF1/2 are novel regulators of WNK1 stability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.606092. [PMID: 39131382 PMCID: PMC11312594 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.606092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for remodeling and repairing existing vessels, and this process requires signaling pathways including those controlled by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). We have previously reported crosstalk between TGF-β and the protein kinase With No lysine (K) 1 (WNK1). Homozygous disruption of the gene encoding WNK1 results in lethality in mice near embryonic day E12 due to impaired angiogenesis and this defect can be rescued by endothelial-specific expression of an activated form of the WNK1 substrate kinase OSR1. However, molecular processes regulated via a collaboration between TGF-β and WNK1/OSR1 are not well understood. Here we show that WNK1 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligases SMURF1/2. In addition, we discovered complex inter-regulation between WNK1 and SMURF1/2 and we demonstrate that WNK1 activity regulates TGF-β receptor levels, in turn, controlling TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakina Plumber
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Derk Binns
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | | | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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4
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Rioux AV, Nsimba-Batomene TR, Slimani S, Bergeron NAD, Gravel MAM, Schreiber SV, Fiola MJ, Haydock L, Garneau AP, Isenring P. Navigating the multifaceted intricacies of the Na +-Cl - cotransporter, a highly regulated key effector in the control of hydromineral homeostasis. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1147-1204. [PMID: 38329422 PMCID: PMC11381001 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC; SLC12A3) is a highly regulated integral membrane protein that is known to exist as three splice variants in primates. Its primary role in the kidney is to mediate the cosymport of Na+ and Cl- across the apical membrane of the distal convoluted tubule. Through this role and the involvement of other ion transport systems, NCC allows the systemic circulation to reclaim a fraction of the ultrafiltered Na+, K+, Cl-, and Mg+ loads in exchange for Ca2+ and [Formula: see text]. The physiological relevance of the Na+-Cl- cotransport mechanism in humans is illustrated by several abnormalities that result from NCC inactivation through the administration of thiazides or in the setting of hereditary disorders. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the molecular mechanisms and overall roles of Na+-Cl- cotransport as the main topics of interest. On reading the narrative proposed, one will realize that the knowledge gained in regard to these themes will continue to progress unrelentingly no matter how refined it has now become.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - T R Nsimba-Batomene
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Slimani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - N A D Bergeron
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - M A M Gravel
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - S V Schreiber
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - M J Fiola
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Haydock
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation Rénale Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A P Garneau
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation Rénale Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - P Isenring
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Taylor CA, Jung JU, Kankanamalage SG, Li J, Grzemska M, Jaykumar AB, Earnest S, Stippec S, Saha P, Sauceda E, Cobb MH. Predictive and Experimental Motif Interaction Analysis Identifies Functions of the WNK-OSR1/SPAK Pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600905. [PMID: 38979344 PMCID: PMC11230372 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The WNK-OSR1/SPAK protein kinase signaling pathway regulates ion homeostasis and cell volume, but its other functions are poorly understood. To uncover undefined signaling functions of the pathway we analyzed the binding specificity of the conserved C-terminal (CCT) domains of OSR1 and SPAK to find all possible interaction motifs in human proteins. These kinases bind the core consensus sequences R-F-x-V/I and R-x-F-x-V/I. Motifs were ranked based on sequence, conservation, cellular localization, and solvent accessibility. Out of nearly 3,700 motifs identified, 90% of previously published motifs were within the top 2% of those predicted. Selected candidates (TSC22D1, CAVIN1, ATG9A, NOS3, ARHGEF5) were tested. Upstream kinases WNKs 1-4 and their close relatives, the pseudokinases NRBP1/2, contain CCT-like domains as well. We identified additional distinct motif variants lacking the conserved arginine previously thought to be required, and found that the NRBP1 CCT-like domain binds TSC22D1 via the same motif as OSR1 and SPAK. Our results further highlight the rich and diverse functionality of CCT and CCT-like domains in connecting WNK signaling to cellular processes.
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Jaykumar AB, Binns D, Taylor CA, Anselmo A, Birnbaum SG, Huber KM, Cobb MH. WNKs regulate mouse behavior and alter central nervous system glucose uptake and insulin signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.09.598125. [PMID: 38915673 PMCID: PMC11195145 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.598125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Certain areas of the brain involved in episodic memory and behavior, such as the hippocampus, express high levels of insulin receptors and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and are responsive to insulin. Insulin and neuronal glucose metabolism improve cognitive functions and regulate mood in humans. Insulin-dependent GLUT4 trafficking has been extensively studied in muscle and adipose tissue, but little work has demonstrated either how it is controlled in insulin-responsive brain regions or its mechanistic connection to cognitive functions. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of WNK (With-No-lysine (K)) kinases improves learning and memory in mice. Neuronal inhibition of WNK enhances in vivo hippocampal glucose uptake. Inhibition of WNK enhances insulin signaling output and insulin-dependent GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane in mice primary neuronal cultures and hippocampal slices. Therefore, we propose that the extent of neuronal WNK kinase activity has an important influence on learning, memory and anxiety-related behaviors, in part, by modulation of neuronal insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita B. Jaykumar
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Derk Binns
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Clinton A. Taylor
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Shari G. Birnbaum
- Departments of Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Duan H, Li N, Qi J, Li X, Zhou K. Cullin-3 proteins be a novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hyperchloremia induced by oral poisoning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8597. [PMID: 38615119 PMCID: PMC11016057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral poisoning can trigger diverse physiological reactions, determined by the toxic substance involved. One such consequence is hyperchloremia, characterized by an elevated level of chloride in the blood and leads to kidney damage and impairing chloride ion regulation. Here, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to investigate genes or proteins linked to hyperchloremia. Our analysis included functional enrichment, protein-protein interactions, gene expression, exploration of molecular pathways, and the identification of potential shared genetic factors contributing to the development of hyperchloremia. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that oral poisoning owing hyperchloremia is associated with 4 proteins e.g. Kelch-like protein 3, Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4, Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1 and Cullin-3. The protein-protein interaction network revealed Cullin-3 as an exceptional protein, displaying a maximum connection of 18 nodes. Insufficient data from transcriptomic analysis indicates that there are lack of information having direct associations between these proteins and human-related functions to oral poisoning, hyperchloremia, or metabolic acidosis. The metabolic pathway of Cullin-3 protein revealed that the derivative is Sulfonamide which play role in, increasing urine output, and metabolic acidosis resulted in hypertension. Based on molecular docking results analysis it found that Cullin-3 proteins has the lowest binding energies score and being suitable proteins. Moreover, no major variations were observed in unbound Cullin-3 and all three peptide bound complexes shows that all systems remain compact during 50 ns simulations. The results of our study revealed Cullin-3 proteins be a strong foundation for the development of potential drug targets or biomarker for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Hematology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
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Ciou JJ, Chien MW, Hsu CY, Liu YW, Dong JL, Tsai SY, Yang SS, Lin SH, Yen BLJ, Fu SH, Sytwu HK. Excess Salt Intake Activates IL-21-Dominant Autoimmune Diabetogenesis via a Salt-Regulated Ste20-Related Proline/Alanine-Rich Kinase in CD4 T Cells. Diabetes 2024; 73:592-603. [PMID: 38241027 PMCID: PMC11031440 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental mechanisms by which a diet affects susceptibility to or modifies autoimmune diseases are poorly understood. Excess dietary salt intake acts as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases; however, little information exists on the impact of salt intake on type 1 diabetes. To elucidate the potential effect of high salt intake on autoimmune diabetes, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were fed a high-salt diet (HSD) or a normal-salt diet (NSD) from 6 to 12 weeks of age and monitored for diabetes development. Our results revealed that the HSD accelerated diabetes progression with more severe insulitis in NOD mice in a CD4+ T-cell-autonomous manner when compared with the NSD group. Moreover, expression of IL-21 and SPAK in splenic CD4+ T cells from HSD-fed mice was significantly upregulated. Accordingly, we generated T-cell-specific SPAK knockout (CKO) NOD mice and demonstrated that SPAK deficiency in T cells significantly attenuated diabetes development in NOD mice by downregulating IL-21 expression in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, HSD-triggered diabetes acceleration was abolished in HSD-fed SPAK CKO mice when compared with HSD-fed NOD mice, suggesting an essential role of SPAK in salt-exacerbated T-cell pathogenicity. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of SPAK activity using a specific SPAK inhibitor (closantel) in NOD mice ameliorated diabetogenesis, further illuminating the potential of a SPAK-targeting immunotherapeutic approach for autoimmune diabetes. Here, we illustrate that a substantial association between salt sensitivity and the functional impact of SPAK on T-cell pathogenicity is a central player linking high-salt-intake influences to immunopathophysiology of diabetogenesis in NOD mice. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jie Ciou
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ying Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B. Lin-Ju Yen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nejabat M, Hadizadeh F, Nejabat M, Rajabi O. Novel hits for autosomal dominated polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) targeting derived by in silico screening on ZINC-15 natural product database. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:885-902. [PMID: 37029756 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disorder that leads to growth cysts in the kidney, ultimately resulting in loss of function. Currently, no effective drug therapy can be safely used in the clinic. So, looking for effective therapeutic drugs is urgent for treating ADPKD. Our natural product library was prepared based on the ZINC-15 database. Lipinski's rule of five, drug-likeness, and toxicity screening of the designed library were evaluated. Swiss model online server was used for modeling of GANAB target. Finally, docking-based screening against ADPKD targets was done by MOE 2019 software. The top 14 favorable druglike and non-toxic hits were selected for docking studies. Our results showed that compound-10 (ZINC 6073947) as a sesquiterpene coumarin had more negative binding interaction into the active site of PPARG, OXSR1, GANAB, AVPR2, and PC2 with docking scores of -8.22, -7.52, -6.98, -6.61 and -6.05 kcal/mol, respectively, in comparison to Curcumin, as a natural product that is now in phase 4 clinical trial in ADPKD disease, with an affinity of -8.03, -6.42, -6.82, -5.84 and -5.10 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, seven sesquiterpene coumarins similar to compound 10 were generated and docked. Farnesiferol B (16), compared to compound-10, showed binding affinity of -8.16, -6.4, -7.46, -6.92, and -6.11 kcal/mol against the above targets, respectively. Molecular dynamics, which was done on the compound-10 and 16 (Farnesiferol B) in complex with PPARG, GANAB, and AVPR2, showed more negative binding free-energy than Pioglitazone, Miglitol, and Tolvaptan as FDA-approved drugs for each target, respectively.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Nejabat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Nejabat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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de Boer LL, Vanes L, Melgrati S, Biggs O'May J, Hayward D, Driscoll PC, Day J, Griffiths A, Magueta R, Morrell A, MacRae JI, Köchl R, Tybulewicz VLJ. T cell migration requires ion and water influx to regulate actin polymerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7844. [PMID: 38057317 PMCID: PMC10700356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration of T cells is essential for their ability to mount immune responses. Chemokine-induced T cell migration requires WNK1, a kinase that regulates ion influx into the cell. However, it is not known why ion entry is necessary for T cell movement. Here we show that signaling from the chemokine receptor CCR7 leads to activation of WNK1 and its downstream pathway at the leading edge of migrating CD4+ T cells, resulting in ion influx and water entry by osmosis. We propose that WNK1-induced water entry is required to swell the membrane at the leading edge, generating space into which actin filaments can polymerize, thereby facilitating forward movement of the cell. Given the broad expression of WNK1 pathway proteins, our study suggests that ion and water influx are likely to be essential for migration in many cell types, including leukocytes and metastatic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard L de Boer
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lesley Vanes
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Serena Melgrati
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Darryl Hayward
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Jason Day
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Alexander Griffiths
- London Metallomics Facility, Research Management & Innovation Directorate, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Renata Magueta
- London Metallomics Facility, Research Management & Innovation Directorate, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alexander Morrell
- London Metallomics Facility, Research Management & Innovation Directorate, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Robert Köchl
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Lashhab R, Essuman G, Chavez-Canales M, Alexander RT, Cordat E. Expression of the kidney anion exchanger 1 affects WNK4 and SPAK phosphorylation and results in claudin-4 phosphorylation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22280. [PMID: 38034706 PMCID: PMC10687047 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the renal collecting ducts, chloride reabsorption occurs through both transcellular and paracellular pathways. Recent literature highlights a functional interplay between both pathways. We recently showed that in polarized inner medullary collecting duct cells, expression of the basolateral kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) results in a decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), in a claudin-4 dependent pathway. Claudin-4 is a paracellular sodium blocker and chloride pore. Here, we show that kAE1 expression in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells triggers WNK4, SPAK and claudin-4 phosphorylation. Expression of a functionally dead kAE1 E681Q mutant has no effect on phosphorylation of these proteins. Expression of a catalytically inactive WNK4 D321A or chloride-insensitive WNK4 L319F mutant abolishes kAE1 effect on TEER, supporting a contribution of WNK4 to the process. We propose that variations of the cytosolic pH and chloride concentration upon kAE1 expression alter WNK4 kinase activity and tight junction properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Lashhab
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grace Essuman
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Chavez-Canales
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INCICh, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - R. Todd Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Cordat
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Sharma P, Chatrathi HE. Insights into the diverse mechanisms and effects of variant CUL3-induced familial hyperkalemic hypertension. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:286. [PMID: 37845702 PMCID: PMC10577937 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), also known as Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) or Gordon syndrome is a rare Mendelian disease classically characterized by hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, and high systolic blood pressure. The most severe form of the disease is caused by autosomal dominant variants in CUL3 (Cullin 3), a critical subunit of the multimeric CUL3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. The recent identification of a novel FHHt disease variant of CUL3 revealed intricacies within the underlying disease mechanism. When combined with studies on canonical CUL3 variant-induced FHHt, these findings further support CUL3's role in regulating renal electrolyte transport and maintaining systemic vascular tone. However, the pathophysiological effects of CUL3 variants are often accompanied by diverse systemic disturbances in addition to classical FHHt symptoms. Recent global proteomic analyses provide a rationale for these systemic disturbances, paving the way for future mechanistic studies to reveal how CUL3 variants dysregulate processes outside of the renovascular axis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Harish E Chatrathi
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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13
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Gamba G. Thirty years of the NaCl cotransporter: from cloning to physiology and structure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F479-F490. [PMID: 37560773 PMCID: PMC10639029 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00114.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary structure of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) was resolved 30 years ago by the molecular identification of the cDNA encoding this cotransporter, from the winter's flounder urinary bladder, following a functional expression strategy. This review outlines some aspects of how the knowledge about thiazide diuretics and NCC evolved, the history of the cloning process, and the expansion of the SLC12 family of electroneutral cotransporters. The diseases associated with activation or inactivation of NCC are discussed, as well as the molecular model by which the activity of NCC is regulated. The controversies in the field are discussed as well as recent publication of the three-dimensional model of NCC obtained by cryo-electron microscopy, revealing not only the amino acid residues critical for Na+ and Cl- translocation but also the residues critical for polythiazide binding to the transporter, opening the possibility for a new era in thiazide diuretic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gamba
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Yarikipati P, Jonusaite S, Pleinis JM, Dominicci Cotto C, Sanchez-Hernandez D, Morrison DE, Goyal S, Schellinger J, Pénalva C, Curtiss J, Rodan AR, Jenny A. Unanticipated domain requirements for Drosophila Wnk kinase in vivo. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010975. [PMID: 37819975 PMCID: PMC10593226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
WNK (With no Lysine [K]) kinases have critical roles in the maintenance of ion homeostasis and the regulation of cell volume. Their overactivation leads to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (Gordon syndrome) characterized by hyperkalemia and high blood pressure. More recently, WNK family members have been shown to be required for the development of the nervous system in mice, zebrafish, and flies, and the cardiovascular system of mice and fish. Furthermore, human WNK2 and Drosophila Wnk modulate canonical Wnt signaling. In addition to a well-conserved kinase domain, animal WNKs have a large, poorly conserved C-terminal domain whose function has been largely mysterious. In most but not all cases, WNKs bind and activate downstream kinases OSR1/SPAK, which in turn regulate the activity of various ion transporters and channels. Here, we show that Drosophila Wnk regulates Wnt signaling and cell size during the development of the wing in a manner dependent on Fray, the fly homolog of OSR1/SPAK. We show that the only canonical RF(X)V/I motif of Wnk, thought to be essential for WNK interactions with OSR1/SPAK, is required to interact with Fray in vitro. However, this motif is unexpectedly dispensable for Fray-dependent Wnk functions in vivo during fly development and fluid secretion in the Malpighian (renal) tubules. In contrast, a structure function analysis of Wnk revealed that the less-conserved C-terminus of Wnk, that recently has been shown to promote phase transitions in cell culture, is required for viability in vivo. Our data thus provide novel insights into unexpected in vivo roles of specific WNK domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Yarikipati
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Sima Jonusaite
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - John M. Pleinis
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Carihann Dominicci Cotto
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - David Sanchez-Hernandez
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Daryl E. Morrison
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Suhani Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Schellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clothilde Pénalva
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Curtiss
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Aylin R. Rodan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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15
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Humphreys JM, Teixeira LR, Akella R, He H, Kannangara AR, Sekulski K, Pleinis J, Liwocha J, Jiou J, Servage KA, Orth K, Joachimiak L, Rizo J, Cobb MH, Brautigam CA, Rodan AR, Goldsmith EJ. Hydrostatic Pressure Sensing by WNK kinases. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar109. [PMID: 37585288 PMCID: PMC10559305 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study has demonstrated that the WNK kinases 1 and 3 are direct osmosensors consistent with their established role in cell-volume control. WNK kinases may also be regulated by hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure applied to cells in culture with N2 gas or to Drosophila Malpighian tubules by centrifugation induces phosphorylation of downstream effectors of endogenous WNKs. In vitro, the autophosphorylation and activity of the unphosphorylated kinase domain of WNK3 (uWNK3) is enhanced to a lesser extent than in cells by 190 kPa applied with N2 gas. Hydrostatic pressure measurably alters the structure of uWNK3. Data from size exclusion chromatography in line with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS), SEC alone at different back pressures, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), NMR, and chemical crosslinking indicate a change in oligomeric structure in the presence of hydrostatic pressure from a WNK3 dimer to a monomer. The effects on the structure are related to those seen with osmolytes. Potential mechanisms of hydrostatic pressure activation of uWNK3 and the relationships of pressure activation to WNK osmosensing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Humphreys
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Liliana R. Teixeira
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Radha Akella
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Haixia He
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ashari R. Kannangara
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kamil Sekulski
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - John Pleinis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT 84112
| | - Joanna Liwocha
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jenny Jiou
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kelly A. Servage
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lukasz Joachimiak
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Josep Rizo
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Chad A. Brautigam
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Aylin R. Rodan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT 84112
| | - Elizabeth J. Goldsmith
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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16
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Chi RPA, Xu X, Li JL, Xu X, Hu G, Brown P, Willson C, Kirsanov O, Geyer C, Huang CL, Morgan M, DeMayo F. WNK1 is required during male pachynema to sustain fertility. iScience 2023; 26:107616. [PMID: 37694147 PMCID: PMC10485039 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
WNK1 is an important regulator in many physiological functions, yet its role in male reproduction is unexplored. In the male germline, WNK1 is upregulated in preleptotene spermatocytes indicating possible function(s) in spermatogenic meiosis. Indeed, deletion of Wnk1 in mid-pachytene spermatocytes using the Wnt7a-Cre mouse led to male sterility which resembled non-obstructive azoospermia in humans, where germ cells failed to complete spermatogenesis and produced no sperm. Mechanistically, we found elevated MTOR expression and signaling in the Wnk1-depleted spermatocytes. As MTOR is a central mediator of translation, we speculated that translation may be accelerated in these spermatocytes. Supporting this, we found the acrosome protein, ACRBP to be prematurely expressed in the spermatocytes with Wnk1 deletion. Our study uncovered an MTOR-regulating factor in the male germline with potential implications in translation, and future studies will aim to understand how WNK1 regulates MTOR activity and impact translation on a broader spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-pin Alicia Chi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Guang Hu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Paula Brown
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Cynthia Willson
- Integrated Laboratory Systems LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kirsanov
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Christopher Geyer
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marcos Morgan
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Francesco DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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17
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Koulouridis I, Koulouridis E. The Integral Role of Chloride & With-No-Lysine Kinases in Cell Volume Regulation & Hypertension. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2023; 16:183-196. [PMID: 37601040 PMCID: PMC10438449 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s417766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloride anions are the most abundant in humans. For many years, it has been believed that chloride is simply a counterion of all other cations, ensuring the electroneutrality of the extracellular space. Recent data suggests that chloride anions possess a broad spectrum of important activities that regulate vital cellular functions. It is now evident that, apart from its contribution to the electroneutrality of the extracellular space, it acts as an osmole and contributes to extracellular and intracellular volume regulation. Its anionic charge also contributes to the generation of cell membrane potential. The most interesting action of chloride anions is their ability to regulate the activity of with-no-lysine kinases, which in turn regulate the activity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride cotransporters and govern the reabsorption of salt and excretion of potassium by nephron epithelia. Chloride anions seem to play a crucial role in cell functions, such as cell volume regulation, sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron, potassium balance, and sodium sensitivity, which lead to hypertension. All of these functions are accomplished on a molecular level via complicated metabolic pathways, many of which remain poorly defined. We attempted to elucidate some of these pathways in light of recent advances in our knowledge, obtained mainly from experimental studies.
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18
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Cornelius RJ, Maeoka Y, McCormick JA. Renal effects of cullin 3 mutations causing familial hyperkalemic hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:335-343. [PMID: 37070483 PMCID: PMC10330058 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase scaffold cullin 3 (CUL3) cause the disease familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt) by hyperactivating the NaCl cotransporter (NCC). The effects of these mutations are complex and still being unraveled. This review discusses recent findings revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CUL3 mutations in the kidney. RECENT FINDINGS The naturally occurring mutations that cause deletion of exon 9 (CUL3-Δ9) from CUL3 generate an abnormal CUL3 protein. CUL3-Δ9 displays increased interaction with multiple ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptors. However, in-vivo data show that the major mechanism for disease pathogenesis is that CUL3-Δ9 promotes degradation of itself and KLHL3, the specific substrate adaptor for an NCC-activating kinase. CUL3-Δ9 displays dysregulation via impaired binding to the CSN and CAND1, which cause hyperneddylation and compromised adaptor exchange, respectively. A recently discovered CUL3 mutant (CUL3-Δ474-477) displays many similarities to CUL3-Δ9 mutations but some key differences that likely account for the milder FHHt phenotype it elicits. Furthermore, recent work suggests that CUL3 mutations could have unidentified complications in patients and/or a predisposition to renal injury. SUMMARY This review summarizes recent studies highlighting advances in our understanding of the renal mechanisms by which CUL3 mutations modulate blood pressure in FHHt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Cornelius
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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19
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Andolfo I, Monaco V, Cozzolino F, Rosato BE, Marra R, Cerbone V, Pinto VM, Forni GL, Unal S, Iolascon A, Monti M, Russo R. Proteome alterations in erythrocytes with PIEZO1 gain-of-function mutations. Blood Adv 2023; 7:2681-2693. [PMID: 36595486 PMCID: PMC10333744 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in PIEZO1 cause dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS) or hereditary xerocytosis, an autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia characterized by high reticulocyte count, a tendency to macrocytosis, and mild jaundice, as well as by other variably penetrant clinical features, such as perinatal edema, severe thromboembolic complications after splenectomy, and hepatic iron overload. PIEZO1 mutations in DHS lead to slowed inactivation kinetics of the ion channel and/or facilitation of channel opening in response to physiological stimuli. To characterize the alterations of red blood cell proteome in patients with mutated PIEZO1, we used a differential approach to compare the proteome of patients with DHS (16 patients from 13 unrelated ancestries) vs healthy individuals. We identified new components in the regulation of the complex landscape of erythrocytes ion and volume balance mediated by PIEZO1. Specifically, the main impaired processes in patients with DHS were ion homeostasis, transmembrane transport, regulation of vesicle-mediated transport, and the proteasomal catabolic process. Functional assays demonstrated coexpression of PIEZO1 and band 3 when PIEZO1 was activated. Moreover, the alteration of the vesicle-mediated transport was functionally demonstrated by an increased vesiculation rate in patients with DHS compared with healthy controls. This finding also provides an explanation of the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the increased thrombotic rate observed in these patients. Finally, the newly identified proteins, involved in the intracellular signaling pathways altered by PIEZO1 mutations, could be used in the future as potential druggable targets in DHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Eleni Rosato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Maria Pinto
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Forni
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sule Unal
- Research Center for Fanconi Anemia and Other Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Franco Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
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20
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de los Heros P, Ellison DH, Gamba G. Editorial: 30th anniversary of the molecular cloning and identification of the Na-Cl cotransporter, NCC. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1221806. [PMID: 37351261 PMCID: PMC10282937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1221806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paola de los Heros
- Unidad UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David H. Ellison
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Phisiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Maeoka Y, Cornelius RJ, McCormick JA. Cullin 3 and Blood Pressure Regulation: Insights From Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:912-923. [PMID: 36861484 PMCID: PMC10133098 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of rare monogenic forms of hypertension has led to the elucidation of important physiological pathways controlling blood pressure. Mutations in several genes cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension (also known as Gordon syndrome or pseudohypoaldosteronism type II). The most severe form of familial hyperkalemic hypertension is caused by mutations in CUL3, encoding CUL3 (Cullin 3)-a scaffold protein in an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that tags substrates for proteasomal degradation. In the kidney, CUL3 mutations cause accumulation of the substrate WNK (with-no-lysine [K]) kinase and ultimately hyperactivation of the renal NaCl cotransporter-the target of the first-line antihypertensive thiazide diuretics. The precise mechanisms by which mutant CUL3 causes WNK kinase accumulation have been unclear, but several functional defects are likely to contribute. The hypertension seen in familial hyperkalemic hypertension also results from effects exerted by mutant CUL3 on several pathways in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium that modulate vascular tone. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which wild type and mutant CUL3 modulate blood pressure through effects on the kidney and vasculature, potential effects in the central nervous system and heart, and future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Maeoka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ryan J Cornelius
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - James A McCormick
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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22
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Johnston JG, Welch AK, Cain BD, Sayeski PP, Gumz ML, Wingo CS. Aldosterone: Renal Action and Physiological Effects. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4409-4491. [PMID: 36994769 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney, aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in dietary sodium (Na+ ) or potassium (K+ ) intake. These physiological actions, principally through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), have important effects particularly in patients with renal and cardiovascular disease as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. Multiple factors, be they genetic, humoral, dietary, or otherwise, can play a role in influencing the rate of aldosterone synthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Normally, aldosterone secretion and action respond to dietary Na+ intake. In the kidney, the distal nephron and collecting duct are the main targets of aldosterone and MR action, which stimulates Na+ absorption in part via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the principal channel responsible for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance. Our understanding of the regulatory factors that allow aldosterone, via multiple signaling pathways, to function properly clearly implicates this hormone as central to many pathophysiological effects that become dysfunctional in disease states. Numerous pathologies that affect blood pressure (BP), electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health are due to abnormal secretion of aldosterone, mutations in MR, ENaC, or effectors and modulators of their action. Study of the mechanisms of these pathologies has allowed researchers and clinicians to create novel dietary and pharmacological targets to improve human health. This article covers the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, receptors, effector molecules, and signaling pathways that modulate its action in the kidney. We also consider the role of aldosterone in disease and the benefit of mineralocorticoid antagonists. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4409-4491, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter P Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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23
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Hayward DA, Vanes L, Wissmann S, Sivapatham S, Hartweger H, Biggs O’May J, de Boer LL, Mitter R, Köchl R, Stein JV, Tybulewicz VL. B cell-intrinsic requirement for WNK1 kinase in antibody responses in mice. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211827. [PMID: 36662229 PMCID: PMC9872328 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration and adhesion play critical roles in B cells, regulating recirculation between lymphoid organs, migration within lymphoid tissue, and interaction with CD4+ T cells. However, there is limited knowledge of how B cells integrate chemokine receptor and integrin signaling with B cell activation to generate efficient humoral responses. Here, we show that the WNK1 kinase, a regulator of migration and adhesion, is essential in B cells for T-dependent and -independent antibody responses. We demonstrate that WNK1 transduces signals from the BCR, CXCR5, and CD40, and using intravital imaging, we show that WNK1 regulates migration of naive and activated B cells, and their interactions with T cells. Unexpectedly, we show that WNK1 is required for BCR- and CD40-induced proliferation, acting through the OXSR1 and STK39 kinases, and for efficient B cell-T cell collaboration in vivo. Thus, WNK1 is critical for humoral immune responses, by regulating B cell migration, adhesion, and T cell-dependent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sujana Sivapatham
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens V. Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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24
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Robert SM, Reeves BC, Kiziltug E, Duy PQ, Karimy JK, Mansuri MS, Marlier A, Allington G, Greenberg ABW, DeSpenza T, Singh AK, Zeng X, Mekbib KY, Kundishora AJ, Nelson-Williams C, Hao LT, Zhang J, Lam TT, Wilson R, Butler WE, Diluna ML, Feinberg P, Schafer DP, Movahedi K, Tannenbaum A, Koundal S, Chen X, Benveniste H, Limbrick DD, Schiff SJ, Carter BS, Gunel M, Simard JM, Lifton RP, Alper SL, Delpire E, Kahle KT. The choroid plexus links innate immunity to CSF dysregulation in hydrocephalus. Cell 2023; 186:764-785.e21. [PMID: 36803604 PMCID: PMC10069664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and the primary source of CSF. Acquired hydrocephalus, caused by brain infection or hemorrhage, lacks drug treatments due to obscure pathobiology. Our integrated, multi-omic investigation of post-infectious hydrocephalus (PIH) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) models revealed that lipopolysaccharide and blood breakdown products trigger highly similar TLR4-dependent immune responses at the ChP-CSF interface. The resulting CSF "cytokine storm", elicited from peripherally derived and border-associated ChP macrophages, causes increased CSF production from ChP epithelial cells via phospho-activation of the TNF-receptor-associated kinase SPAK, which serves as a regulatory scaffold of a multi-ion transporter protein complex. Genetic or pharmacological immunomodulation prevents PIH and PHH by antagonizing SPAK-dependent CSF hypersecretion. These results reveal the ChP as a dynamic, cellularly heterogeneous tissue with highly regulated immune-secretory capacity, expand our understanding of ChP immune-epithelial cell cross talk, and reframe PIH and PHH as related neuroimmune disorders vulnerable to small molecule pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Robert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reeves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emre Kiziltug
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jason K Karimy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M Shahid Mansuri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arnaud Marlier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Garrett Allington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ana B W Greenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tyrone DeSpenza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Amrita K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kedous Y Mekbib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Le Thi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rashaun Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael L Diluna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Philip Feinberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Allen Tannenbaum
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 11794, USA
| | - Sunil Koundal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xinan Chen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Abstract
The with no lysine (K) (WNK) kinases are an evolutionarily ancient group of kinases with atypical placement of the catalytic lysine and diverse physiological roles. Recent studies have shown that WNKs are directly regulated by chloride, potassium, and osmotic pressure. Here, we review the discovery of WNKs as chloride-sensitive kinases and discuss physiological contexts in which chloride regulation of WNKs has been demonstrated. These include the kidney, pancreatic duct, neurons, and inflammatory cells. We discuss the interdependent relationship of osmotic pressure and intracellular chloride in cell volume regulation. We review the recent demonstration of potassium regulation of WNKs and speculate on possible physiological roles. Finally, structural and mechanistic aspects of intracellular ion and osmotic pressure regulation of WNKs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Goldsmith
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; .,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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26
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Jiang H, Cheng X, Liang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Y. Aberrant expression of WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 is associated with poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:57-64. [PMID: 35138567 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS WNK1 (WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1) is a kind of protein kinase and participates in angiogenesis, having a potent tumor promoting role. WNK1 is ubiquitously expressed, and its upregulated expression has been reported in several tumor types. AIMS Here, we aimed to investigate the correlation between WNK1 expression and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) progression. METHODS In the current study, WNK1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemically in adjacent normal colonic mucosae and primary adenocarcinomas. The effect of WNK1 on overall survival (OS) and its associations with the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed in a retrospective cohort of COAD patients (n = 185). The tumor-related effects of WNK1 in COAD were further tested via cellular and mice experiments. RESULTS According to our cohort, higher WNK1 expression was significantly associated with unfavorable prognostic factors, such as high pT stage, pN stage, as well as shorter OS. Moreover, WNK1 exhibited tumor promoting role in COAD cancer cell lines as well as in nude mice. Silencing WNK1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of COAD both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In all, WNK1 acts as a tumor promoter and may be used as a COAD prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Jiang
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjie Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Aetiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 29 Shuangtasi Street, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yaoping Li
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 29 Shuangtasi Street, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
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27
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Pratamawati TM, Alwi I. Summary of Known Genetic and Epigenetic Modification Contributed to Hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:5872362. [PMID: 37201134 PMCID: PMC10188269 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5872362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease due to a complex interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Characterized by raised blood pressure (BP), it is responsible for more than 7 million deaths per annum by acting as a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Reports suggest that genetic factors are estimated to be involved in approximately 30 to 50% of BP variation, and epigenetic marks are known to contribute to the initiation of the disease by influencing gene expression. Consequently, elucidating the genetic and epigenetic mediators associated with hypertension is essential for better discernment of its pathophysiology. By deciphering the unprecedented molecular hypertension basis, it could help to unravel an individual's inclination towards hypertension which eventually could result in an arrangement of potential strategies for prevention and therapy. In the present review, we discuss known genetic and epigenetic drivers that contributed to the hypertension development and summarize the novel variants that have currently been identified. The effect of these molecular alterations on endothelial function was also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiar Masykuroh Pratamawati
- Program Doctoral Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
| | - Idrus Alwi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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28
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Carbajal-Contreras H, Gamba G, Castañeda-Bueno M. The serine-threonine protein phosphatases that regulate the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1100522. [PMID: 36875042 PMCID: PMC9974657 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is finely tuned by phosphorylation networks involving serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases. While much attention has been paid to the With-No-lysine (K) kinase (WNK)- STE20-related Proline Alanine rich Kinase (SPAK)/Oxidative Stress Responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) signaling pathway, there remain many unanswered questions regarding phosphatase-mediated modulation of NCC and its interactors. The phosphatases shown to regulate NCC's activity, directly or indirectly, are protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), calcineurin (CN), and protein phosphatase 4 (PP4). PP1 has been suggested to directly dephosphorylate WNK4, SPAK, and NCC. This phosphatase increases its abundance and activity when extracellular K+ is increased, which leads to distinct inhibitory mechanisms towards NCC. Inhibitor-1 (I1), oppositely, inhibits PP1 when phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). CN inhibitors, like tacrolimus and cyclosporin A, increase NCC phosphorylation, giving an explanation to the Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension-like syndrome that affects some patients treated with these drugs. CN inhibitors can prevent high K+-induced dephosphorylation of NCC. CN can also dephosphorylate and activate Kelch-like protein 3 (KLHL3), thus decreasing WNK abundance. PP2A and PP4 have been shown in in vitro models to regulate NCC or its upstream activators. However, no studies in native kidneys or tubules have been performed to test their physiological role in NCC regulation. This review focuses on these dephosphorylation mediators and the transduction mechanisms possibly involved in physiological states that require of the modulation of the dephosphorylation rate of NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carbajal-Contreras
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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29
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Castañeda-Bueno M, Ellison DH. Blood pressure effects of sodium transport along the distal nephron. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1247-1258. [PMID: 36228680 PMCID: PMC9754644 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian distal nephron is a target of highly effective antihypertensive drugs. Genetic variants that alter its transport activity are also inherited causes of high or low blood pressure, clearly establishing its central role in human blood pressure regulation. Much has been learned during the past 25 years about salt transport along this nephron segment, spurred by the cloning of major transport proteins and the discovery of disease-causing genetic variants. Recognition is increasing that substantial cellular and segmental heterogeneity is present along this segment, with electroneutral sodium transport dominating more proximal segments and electrogenic sodium transport dominating more distal segments. Coupled with recent insights into factors that modulate transport along these segments, we now understand one important mechanism by which dietary potassium intake influences sodium excretion and blood pressure. This finding has solved the aldosterone paradox, by demonstrating how aldosterone can be both kaliuretic, when plasma potassium is elevated, and anti-natriuretic, when extracellular fluid volume is low. However, what also has become clear is that aldosterone itself only stimulates a portion of the mineralocorticoid receptors along this segment, with the others being activated by glucocorticoid hormones instead. These recent insights provide an increasingly clear picture of how this short nephron segment contributes to blood pressure homeostasis and have important implications for hypertension prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David H Ellison
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; LeDucq Transatlantic Network of Excellence, Portland, Oregon, USA; Renal Section, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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30
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Johnston JG, Wingo CS. Potassium Homeostasis and WNK Kinases in the Regulation of the Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter: Hyperaldosteronism and Its Metabolic Consequences. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1823-1828. [PMID: 36514400 PMCID: PMC9717643 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0005752022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G. Johnston
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Administration, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles S. Wingo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Administration, Gainesville, Florida
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31
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Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Carbajal-Contreras H, Magaña-Ávila GR, Valdés R, Grajeda-Medina LI, Vázquez N, Zariñán T, López-Saavedra A, Sharma A, Lin DH, Wang WH, Delpire E, Ellison DH, Gamba G, Castañeda-Bueno M. Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in the activation of the kidney sodium-chloride cotransporter by hypokalemia. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1030-1041. [PMID: 35870644 PMCID: PMC10411384 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low potassium intake activates the kidney sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) whose phosphorylation and activity depend on the With-No-Lysine kinase 4 (WNK4) that is inhibited by chloride binding to its kinase domain. Low extracellular potassium activates NCC by decreasing intracellular chloride thereby promoting chloride dissociation from WNK4 where residue L319 of WNK4 participates in chloride coordination. Since the WNK4-L319F mutant is constitutively active and chloride-insensitive in vitro, we generated mice harboring this mutation that displayed slightly increased phosphorylated NCC and mild hyperkalemia when on a 129/sv genetic background. On a low potassium diet, upregulation of phosphorylated NCC was observed, suggesting that in addition to chloride sensing by WNK4, other mechanisms participate which may include modulation of WNK4 activity and degradation by phosphorylation of the RRxS motif in regulatory domains present in WNK4 and KLHL3, respectively. Increased levels of WNK4 and kidney-specific WNK1 and phospho-WNK4-RRxS were observed in wild-type and WNK4L319F/L319F mice on a low potassium diet. Decreased extracellular potassium promoted WNK4-RRxS phosphorylation in vitro and ex vivo as well. These effects might be secondary to intracellular chloride depletion, as reduction of intracellular chloride in HEK293 cells increased phospho-WNK4-RRxS. Phospho-WNK4-RRxS levels were increased in mice lacking the Kir5.1 potassium channel, which presumably have decreased distal convoluted tubule intracellular chloride. Similarly, phospho-KLHL3 was modulated by changes in intracellular chloride in HEK293 cells. Thus, our data suggest that multiple chloride-regulated mechanisms are responsible for NCC upregulation by low extracellular potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián R Murillo-de-Ozores
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City
| | - Héctor Carbajal-Contreras
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City; PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Germán R Magaña-Ávila
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City
| | - Raquel Valdés
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City; Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City
| | - Leoneli I Grajeda-Medina
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City
| | - Norma Vázquez
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro López-Saavedra
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Avanzadas en Microscopía del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Avika Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dao-Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David H Ellison
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Renal Section, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City; PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City.
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32
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Shimizu M, Shibuya H. WNK1/HSN2 mediates neurite outgrowth and differentiation via a OSR1/GSK3β-LHX8 pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15858. [PMID: 36151370 PMCID: PMC9508073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With no lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) phosphorylates and activates STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) to regulate ion homeostasis in the kidney. Mutations in WNK1 result in dysregulation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 pathway and cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a form of hypertension. WNK1 is also involved in the autosomal recessive neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II (HSANII). Mutations in a neural-specific splice variant of WNK1 (HSN2) cause HSANII. However, the mechanisms underlying HSN2 regulation in neurons and effects of HSN2 mutants remain unclear. Here, we found that HSN2 regulated neurite outgrowth through OSR1 activation and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Moreover, HSN2-OSR1 and HSN2-GSK3β signalling induced expression of LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8), which is a key regulator of cholinergic neural function. The HSN2-OSR1/GSK3β-LHX8 pathway is therefore important for neurite outgrowth. Consistently, HSN2 mutants reported in HSANII patients suppressed SPAK and OSR1 activation and LHX8 induction. Interestingly, HSN2 mutants also suppressed neurite outgrowth by preventing interaction of between wild-type HSN2 and GSK3β. These results indicate that HSN2 mutants cause dysregulation of neurite outgrowth via GSK3β in the HSN2 and/or WNK1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibuya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Gamba G. Arterial Blood Pressure, Neuronal Excitability, Mineral Metabolism and Cell Volume Regulation Mechanisms Revealed by Xenopus laevis oocytes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:911. [PMID: 36295670 PMCID: PMC9612257 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Xenopus laevis oocytes have been an invaluable tool to discover and explore the molecular mechanisms and characteristics of many proteins, in particular integral membrane proteins. The oocytes were fundamental in many projects designed to identify the cDNA encoding a diversity of membrane proteins including receptors, transporters, channels and pores. In addition to being a powerful tool for cloning, oocytes were later used to experiment with the functional characterization of many of the identified proteins. In this review I present an overview of my personal 30-year experience using Xenopus laevis oocytes and the impact this had on a variety of fields such as arterial blood pressure, neuronal excitability, mineral metabolism and cell volume regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gamba
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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The Post-Translational Modification Networking in WNK-Centric Hypertension Regulation and Electrolyte Homeostasis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092169. [PMID: 36140271 PMCID: PMC9496095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The with-no-lysine (WNK) kinase family, comprising four serine-threonine protein kinases (WNK1-4), were first linked to hypertension due to their mutations in association with pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII). WNK kinases regulate crucial blood pressure regulators, SPAK/OSR1, to mediate the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of their downstream ion channel substrates, such as sodium chloride co-transporter (NCC), epithelial sodium chloride (ENaC), renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK), and Na/K/2Cl co-transporters (NKCCs). In this review, we summarize the molecular pathways dysregulating the WNKs and their downstream target renal ion transporters. We summarize each of the genetic variants of WNK kinases and the small molecule inhibitors that have been discovered to regulate blood pressure via WNK-triggered PTM cascades.
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WNK1 in the kidney. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:471-478. [PMID: 35894282 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this manuscript was to review recent evidence uncovering the roles of the With No lysine (K) kinase 1 (WNK1) in the kidney. RECENT FINDINGS Analyses of microdissected mouse nephron segments have revealed the abundance of long-WNK1 and kidney-specific-WNK1 transcripts in different segments. The low levels of L-WNK1 transcripts in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) stand out and support functional evidence on the lack of L-WNK1 activity in this segment. The recent description of familial hyperkalaemic hypertension (FHHt)-causative mutations affecting the acidic domain of WNK1 supports the notion that KS-WNK1 activates the Na+:Cl- cotransporter NCC. The high sensitivity of KS-WNK1 to KLHL3-targeted degradation and the low levels of L-WNK1 in the DCT, led to propose that this type of FHHt is mainly due to increased KS-WNK1 protein in the DCT. The observation that KS-WNK1 renal protein expression is induced by low K+ diet and recent reassessment of the phenotype of KS-WNK1-/- mice suggested that KS-WNK1 may be necessary to achieve maximal NCC activation under this condition. Evidences on the regulation of other renal transport proteins by WNK1 are also summarized. SUMMARY The diversity of WNK1 transcripts in the kidney has complicated the interpretation of experimental data. Integration of experimental data with the knowledge of isoform abundance in renal cell types is necessary in future studies about WNK1 function in the kidney.
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McDonough AA, Fenton RA. Potassium homeostasis: sensors, mediators, and targets. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:853-867. [PMID: 35727363 PMCID: PMC10163916 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane potassium (K) gradients are key determinants of membrane potential that can modulate action potentials, control muscle contractility, and influence ion channel and transporter activity. Daily K intake is normally equal to the amount of K in the entire extracellular fluid (ECF) creating a critical challenge - how to maintain ECF [K] and membrane potential in a narrow range during feast and famine. Adaptations to maintain ECF [K] include sensing the K intake, sensing ECF [K] vs. desired set-point and activating mediators that regulate K distribution between ECF and ICF, and regulate renal K excretion. In this focused review, we discuss the basis of these adaptions, including (1) potential mechanisms for rapid feedforward signaling to kidney and muscle after a meal (before a rise in ECF [K]), (2) how skeletal muscles sense and respond to changes in ECF [K], (3) effects of K on aldosterone biosynthesis, and (4) how the kidney responds to changes in ECF [K] to modify K excretion. The concepts of sexual dimorphisms in renal K handling adaptation are introduced, and the molecular mechanisms that can account for the benefits of a K-rich diet to maintain cardiovascular health are discussed. Although the big picture of K homeostasis is becoming more clear, we also highlight significant pieces of the puzzle that remain to be solved, including knowledge gaps in our understanding of initiating signals, sensors and their connection to homeostatic adjustments of ECF [K].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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WNK1 collaborates with TGF-β in endothelial cell junction turnover and angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203743119. [PMID: 35867836 PMCID: PMC9335306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203743119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for growth of new blood vessels, remodeling existing vessels, and repair of damaged vessels, and these require reorganization of endothelial cell-cell junctions through a partial endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Homozygous disruption of the gene encoding the protein kinase WNK1 results in lethality in mice near embryonic day (E) 12 due to impaired angiogenesis. This angiogenesis defect can be rescued by endothelial-specific expression of an activated form of the WNK1 substrate kinase OSR1. We show that inhibition of WNK1 kinase activity not only prevents sprouting of endothelial cells from aortic slices but also vessel extension in inhibitor-treated embryos ex vivo. Mutations affecting TGF-β signaling also result in abnormal vascular development beginning by E10 and, ultimately, embryonic lethality. Previously, we demonstrated cross-talk of WNK1 with TGF-β-regulated SMAD signaling, and OSR1 was identified as a component of the TGF-β interactome. However, molecular events jointly regulated by TGF-β and WNK1/OSR1 have not been delineated. Here, we show that inhibition of WNK1 promotes TGF-β-dependent degradation of the tyrosine kinase receptor AXL, which is involved in TGF-β-mediated cell migration and angiogenesis. We also show that interaction between OSR1 and occludin, a protein associated with endothelial tight junctions, is an essential step to enable tight junction turnover. Furthermore, we show that these phenomena are WNK1 dependent, and sensitive to TGF-β. These findings demonstrate intimate connections between WNK1/OSR1 and multiple TGF-β-sensitive molecules controlling angiogenesis and suggest that WNK1 may modulate many TGF-β-regulated functions.
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Hartmann AM, Nothwang HG. NKCC1 and KCC2: Structural insights into phospho-regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:964488. [PMID: 35935337 PMCID: PMC9355526 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.964488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neurotransmission plays a fundamental role in the central nervous system, with about 30–50% of synaptic connections being inhibitory. The action of both inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) and glycine, mainly relies on the intracellular Cl– concentration in neurons. This is set by the interplay of the cation chloride cotransporters NKCC1 (Na+, K+, Cl– cotransporter), a main Cl– uptake transporter, and KCC2 (K+, Cl– cotransporter), the principle Cl– extruder in neurons. Accordingly, their dysfunction is associated with severe neurological, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. This has triggered great interest in understanding their regulation, with a strong focus on phosphorylation. Recent structural data by cryogenic electron microscopy provide the unique possibility to gain insight into the action of these phosphorylations. Interestingly, in KCC2, six out of ten (60%) known regulatory phospho-sites reside within a region of 134 amino acid residues (12% of the total residues) between helices α8 and α9 that lacks fixed or ordered three-dimensional structures. It thus represents a so-called intrinsically disordered region. Two further phospho-sites, Tyr903 and Thr906, are also located in a disordered region between the ß8 strand and the α8 helix. We make the case that especially the disordered region between helices α8 and α9 acts as a platform to integrate different signaling pathways and simultaneously constitute a flexible, highly dynamic linker that can survey a wide variety of distinct conformations. As each conformation can have distinct binding affinities and specificity properties, this enables regulation of [Cl–]i and thus the ionic driving force in a history-dependent way. This region might thus act as a molecular processor underlying the well described phenomenon of ionic plasticity that has been ascribed to inhibitory neurotransmission. Finally, it might explain the stunning long-range effects of mutations on phospho-sites in KCC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Hartmann
- Division of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anna-Maria Hartmann,
| | - Hans Gerd Nothwang
- Division of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Jung JU, Jaykumar AB, Cobb MH. WNK1 in Malignant Behaviors: A Potential Target for Cancer? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935318. [PMID: 35813203 PMCID: PMC9257110 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Analyses of mouse models and patient data have implicated the protein kinase WNK1 as one of a handful of genes uniquely linked to a subset of invasive cancers. WNK1 signaling pathways are widely implicated in the regulation of ion co-transporters and in controlling cell responses to osmotic stress. In this review we will discuss its actions in tumor malignancy in human cancers and present evidence for its function in invasion, migration, angiogenesis and mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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40
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Liu Y, Wang TV, Cui Y, Li C, Jiang L, Rao Y. STE20 phosphorylation of AMPK-related kinases revealed by biochemical purifications combined with genetics. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101928. [PMID: 35413284 PMCID: PMC9112000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently purified mammalian sterile 20 (STE20)-like kinase 3 (MST3) as a kinase for the multifunctional kinases, AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinases (ARKs). However, unresolved questions from this study, such as remaining phosphorylation activities following deletion of the Mst3 gene from human embryonic kidney cells and mice, led us to conclude that there were additional kinases for ARKs. Further purification recovered Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (CaMKK1 and 2), and a third round of purification revealed mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP4K5) as potential kinases of ARKs. We then demonstrated that MST3 and MAP4K5, both belonging to the STE20-like kinase family, could phosphorylate all 14 ARKs both in vivo and in vitro. Further examination of all 28 STE20 kinases detected variable phosphorylation activity on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3). Taken together, our results have revealed novel relationships between STE20 kinases and ARKs, with potential physiological and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Tao V Wang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
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41
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Schellinger JN, Sun Q, Pleinis JM, An SW, Hu J, Mercenne G, Titos I, Huang CL, Rothenfluh A, Rodan AR. Chloride oscillation in pacemaker neurons regulates circadian rhythms through a chloride-sensing WNK kinase signaling cascade. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1429-1438.e6. [PMID: 35303418 PMCID: PMC8972083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Central pacemaker neurons regulate circadian rhythms and undergo diurnal variation in electrical activity in mammals and flies.1,2 Circadian variation in the intracellular chloride concentration of mammalian pacemaker neurons has been proposed to influence the response to GABAergic neurotransmission through GABAA receptor chloride channels.3 However, results have been contradictory,4-9 and a recent study demonstrated circadian variation in pacemaker neuron chloride without an effect on GABA response.10 Therefore, whether and how intracellular chloride regulates circadian rhythms remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate a signaling role for intracellular chloride in the Drosophila small ventral lateral (sLNv) pacemaker neurons. In control flies, intracellular chloride increases in sLNvs over the course of the morning. Chloride transport through sodium-potassium-2-chloride (NKCC) and potassium-chloride (KCC) cotransporters is a major determinant of intracellular chloride concentrations.11Drosophila melanogaster with loss-of-function mutations in the NKCC encoded by Ncc69 have abnormally low intracellular chloride 6 h after lights on, loss of morning anticipation, and a prolonged circadian period. Loss of kcc, which is expected to increase intracellular chloride, suppresses the long-period phenotype of Ncc69 mutant flies. Activation of a chloride-inhibited kinase cascade, consisting of WNK (with no lysine [K]) kinase and its downstream substrate, Fray, is necessary and sufficient to prolong period length. Fray activation of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Irk1, is also required for the long-period phenotype. These results indicate that the NKCC-dependent rise in intracellular chloride in Drosophila sLNv pacemakers restrains WNK-Fray signaling and overactivation of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel to maintain normal circadian period length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Schellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qifei Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John M Pleinis
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sung-Wan An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jianrui Hu
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gaëlle Mercenne
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Iris Titos
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
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Chen Z, Zhang J, Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Castañeda-Bueno M, D'Amico F, Heilig R, Manning CE, Sorrell FJ, D'Angiolella V, Fischer R, Mulder MPC, Gamba G, Alessi DR, Bullock AN. Sequence and structural variations determining the recruitment of WNK kinases to the KLHL3 E3 ligase. Biochem J 2022; 479:661-675. [PMID: 35179207 PMCID: PMC9022995 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The BTB-Kelch protein KLHL3 is a Cullin3-dependent E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of kinases WNK1-4 to control blood pressure and cell volume. A crystal structure of KLHL3 has defined its binding to an acidic degron motif containing a PXXP sequence that is strictly conserved in WNK1, WNK2 and WNK4. Mutations in the second proline abrograte the interaction causing the hypertension syndrome pseudohypoaldosteronism type II. WNK3 shows a diverged degron motif containing four amino acid substitutions that remove the PXXP motif raising questions as to the mechanism of its binding. To understand this atypical interaction, we determined the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with a WNK3 peptide. The electron density enabled the complete 11-mer WNK-family degron motif to be traced for the first time revealing several conserved features not captured in previous work, including additional salt bridge and hydrogen bond interactions. Overall, the WNK3 peptide adopted a conserved binding pose except for a subtle shift to accommodate bulkier amino acid substitutions at the binding interface. At the centre, the second proline was substituted by WNK3 Thr541, providing a unique phosphorylatable residue among the WNK-family degrons. Fluorescence polarisation and structural modelling experiments revealed that its phosphorylation would abrogate the KLHL3 interaction similarly to hypertension-causing mutations. Together, these data reveal how the KLHL3 Kelch domain can accommodate the binding of multiple WNK isoforms and highlight a potential regulatory mechanism for the recruitment of WNK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyao Chen
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Adrián R. Murillo-de-Ozores
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francesca D'Amico
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthovenweg 20, 2333, ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Charlotte E. Manning
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Fiona J. Sorrell
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research U.K.. and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Monique P. C. Mulder
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthovenweg 20, 2333, ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Alex N. Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
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Abstract
The kidney maintains electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance, eliminates foreign and waste compounds, regulates blood pressure, and secretes hormones. There are at least 16 different highly specialized epithelial cell types in the mammalian kidney. The number of specialized endothelial cells, immune cells, and interstitial cell types might even be larger. The concerted interplay between different cell types is critical for kidney function. Traditionally, cells were defined by their function or microscopical morphological appearance. With the advent of new single-cell modalities such as transcriptomics, epigenetics, metabolomics, and proteomics we are entering into a new era of cell type definition. This new technological revolution provides new opportunities to classify cells in the kidney and understand their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Balzer
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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Elvers KT, Lipka-Lloyd M, Trueman RC, Bax BD, Mehellou Y. Structures of the Human SPAK and OSR1 Conserved C-Terminal (CCT) Domains. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100441. [PMID: 34726826 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress responsive 1 (OSR1) kinase are two serine/threonine protein kinases that regulate the function of ion co-transporters through phosphorylation. The highly conserved C-terminal (CCT) domains of SPAK and OSR1 bind to RFx[V/I] peptide sequences from their upstream 'With No Lysine Kinases (WNKs), facilitating their activation via phosphorylation. Thus, the inhibition of SPAK and OSR1 binding, via their CCT domains, to WNK kinases is a plausible strategy for inhibiting SPAK and OSR1 kinases. To facilitate structure-guided drug design of such inhibitors, we expressed and purified human SPAK and OSR1 CCT domains and solved their crystal structures. Interestingly, these crystal structures show a highly conserved primary pocket adjacent to a flexible secondary pocket. We also employed a biophysical strategy and determined the affinity of SPAK and OSR1 CCT domains to short peptides derived from WNK4 and NKCC1. Together, this work provides a platform that facilitates the design of CCT domain specific small molecule binders that inhibit SPAK- and OSR1-activation by WNK kinases, and these could be useful in treating hypertension and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen T Elvers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.,Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C Trueman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TQ, UK
| | - Benjamin D Bax
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Youcef Mehellou
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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45
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Kim MH, Chang HS, Lee JU, Shim JS, Park JS, Cho YJ, Park CS. Association of genetic variants of oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OXSR1) with asthma exacerbations in non-smoking asthmatics. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:3. [PMID: 34983467 PMCID: PMC8725257 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma exacerbation threatens patient's life. Several genetic studies have been conducted to determine the risk factors for asthma exacerbation, but this information is still lacking. We aimed to determine whether genetic variants of Oxidative Stress Responsive Kinase 1 (OXSR1), a gene with functions of salt transport, immune response, and oxidative stress, are associated with exacerbation of asthma. METHODS Clinical data were obtained from 1454 asthmatics and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of OXSR1 were genotyped. Genetic associations with annual exacerbation rate were analyzed depending on smoking status. RESULTS Eleven SNPs were selected using Asian data in the International HapMap database. The common allele of rs1384006 C > T of OXSR1 showed a significantly higher annual exacerbation rate than the rare allele in non-smoking asthmatics (CC vs. CT vs. TT: 0.43 ± 0.04 vs. 0.28 ± 0.03 vs. 0.31 ± 0.09, P = 0.004, Pcorr = 0.039). The frequent exacerbators had a significantly higher frequency of the common allele of rs1384006 C > T than did the infrequent exacerbators (74.4% vs. 55.2%, P = 0.004, Pcorr = 0.038). CONCLUSION The common allele of rs1384006 C > T of OXSR1 was associated with the asthma exacerbation rate and a higher risk of being a frequent exacerbator, indicating that non-smoking asthmatics who carry common alleles may be vulnerable to asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-Do, 420-020, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-Do, 420-020, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-Do, 420-020, South Korea
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46
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Chatrathi HE, Collins JC, Wolfe LA, Markello TC, Adams DR, Gahl WA, Werner A, Sharma P. Novel CUL3 Variant Causing Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension Impairs Regulation and Function of Ubiquitin Ligase Activity. Hypertension 2022; 79:60-75. [PMID: 34878901 PMCID: PMC8667186 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Familial hyperkalemic hypertension is caused by pathogenic variants in genes of the CUL3 (cullin-3)-KLHL3 (kelch-like-family-member-3)-WNK (with no-lysine [K] kinase) pathway, manifesting clinically as hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and high systolic blood pressure. The ubiquitin E3 ligase CUL3-KLHL3 targets WNK kinases for degradation to limit activation of the thiazide-sensitive NCC (Na-Cl cotransporter). All known variants in CUL3 lead to exon 9 skipping (CUL3Δ9) and typically result in severe familial hyperkalemic hypertension and growth disturbances in patients. Whether other variants in CUL3 cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension is unknown. Here, we identify a novel de novo heterozygous CUL3 variant (CUL3Δ474-477) in a pediatric familial hyperkalemic hypertension patient with multiple congenital anomalies and reveal molecular mechanisms by which CUL3Δ474-477 leads to dysregulation of the CUL3-KLHL3-WNK signaling axis. Using patient-derived urinary extracellular vesicles and dermal fibroblasts, in vitro assays, and cultured kidney cells, we demonstrate that CUL3Δ474-477 causes reduced total CUL3 levels due to increased autoubiquitination. The CUL3Δ474-477 that escapes autodegradation shows enhanced modification with NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8) and increased formation of CUL3-KLHL3 complexes that are impaired in ubiquitinating WNK4. Proteomic analysis of CUL3 complexes revealed that, in addition to increased KLHL3 binding, the CUL3Δ474-477 variant also exhibits increased interactions with other BTB (Bric-a-brac, Tramtrack, and Broad complex) substrate adaptors, providing a rationale for the patient's diverse phenotypes. We conclude that the pathophysiological effects of CUL3Δ474-477 are caused by reduced CUL3 levels and formation of catalytically impaired CUL3 ligase complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish E. Chatrathi
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA,Share the first authorship position
| | - Jason C. Collins
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA,Share the first authorship position
| | - Lynne A. Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Thomas C. Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA,Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David R. Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA,Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William A. Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA,Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Prashant Sharma
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA,Correspondence: Prashant Sharma, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD.
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47
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Castañeda-Bueno M, Ellison DH, Gamba G. Molecular mechanisms for the modulation of blood pressure and potassium homeostasis by the distal convoluted tubule. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 14:e14273. [PMID: 34927382 PMCID: PMC8819348 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical observations have shown that potassium ingestion is inversely correlated with arterial hypertension prevalence and cardiovascular mortality. The higher the dietary potassium, the lower the blood pressure and mortality. This phenomenon is explained, at least in part, by the interaction between salt reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and potassium secretion in the connecting tubule/collecting duct of the mammalian nephron: In order to achieve adequate K+ secretion levels under certain conditions, salt reabsorption in the DCT must be reduced. Because salt handling by the kidney constitutes the basis for the long‐term regulation of blood pressure, losing salt prevents hypertension. Here, we discuss how the study of inherited diseases in which salt reabsorption in the DCT is affected has revealed the molecular players, including membrane transporters and channels, kinases, and ubiquitin ligases that form the potassium sensing mechanism of the DCT and the processes through which the consequent adjustments in salt reabsorption are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David H Ellison
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
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48
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Milano S, Carmosino M, Gerbino A, Saponara I, Lapi D, Dal Monte M, Bagnoli P, Svelto M, Procino G. Activation of the Thiazide-Sensitive Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter by Beta3-Adrenoreceptor in the Distal Convoluted Tubule. Front Physiol 2021; 12:695824. [PMID: 34483955 PMCID: PMC8414899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.695824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (BAR3) is expressed in most segments of the nephron where its agonism promotes a potent antidiuretic effect. We localized BAR3 in distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cells expressing the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC). Aim of this study is to investigate the possible functional role of BAR3 on NCC modulation in DCT cells. Here, we found that, in mice, the knockout of BAR3 was paralleled by a significant attenuation of NCC phosphorylation, paralleled by reduced expression and activation of STE-20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and WNKs the main kinases involved in NCC activation. Conversely, in BAR1/2 knockout mice, we found reduced NCC abundance with no changes in the phosphorylation state of NCC. Moreover, selective BAR3 agonism promotes both SPAK and NCC activation in wild-type mouse kidney slices. In conclusion, our findings suggest a novel role for BAR3 in the regulation of NCC in DCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Saponara
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Dominga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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49
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Jonniya NA, Zhang J, Kar P. Molecular Mechanism of Inhibiting WNK Binding to OSR1 by Targeting the Allosteric Pocket of the OSR1-CCT Domain with Potential Antihypertensive Inhibitors: An In Silico Study. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9115-9129. [PMID: 34369793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative-stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) and the STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) are physiological substrates of the with-no-lysine (WNK) kinase. They are the master regulators of cation Cl- cotransporters that could be targeted for discovering novel antihypertensive agents. Both kinases have a conserved carboxy-terminal (CCT) domain that recognizes a unique peptide motif (Arg-Phe-Xaa-Val) present in their upstream kinases and downstream substrates. Here, we have combined molecular docking with molecular dynamics simulations and free-energy calculations to identify potential inhibitors that can bind to the allosteric pocket of the OSR1-CCT domain and impede its interaction with the WNK peptide. Our study revealed that STOCK1S-14279 and Closantel bound strongly to the allosteric pocket of OSR1 and displaced the WNK peptide from the primary pocket of OSR1. We showed that primarily Arg1004 and Gln1006 of the WNK4-peptide motif were involved in strong H-bond interactions with Glu453 and Arg451 of OSR1. Besides, our study revealed that atoms of Arg1004 were solvent-exposed in cases of STOCK1S-14279 and Closantel, implying that the WNK4 peptide was moved out of the pocket. Overall, the predicted potential inhibitors altogether abolish the OSR1-WNK4-peptide interaction, suggesting their potency as a prospective allosteric inhibitor against OSR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, U.K
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
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50
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Izadifar A, Courchet J, Virga DM, Verreet T, Hamilton S, Ayaz D, Misbaer A, Vandenbogaerde S, Monteiro L, Petrovic M, Sachse S, Yan B, Erfurth ML, Dascenco D, Kise Y, Yan J, Edwards-Faret G, Lewis T, Polleux F, Schmucker D. Axon morphogenesis and maintenance require an evolutionary conserved safeguard function of Wnk kinases antagonizing Sarm and Axed. Neuron 2021; 109:2864-2883.e8. [PMID: 34384519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying complex axon morphogenesis are still poorly understood. We report a novel, evolutionary conserved function for the Drosophila Wnk kinase (dWnk) and its mammalian orthologs, WNK1 and 2, in axon branching. We uncover that dWnk, together with the neuroprotective factor Nmnat, antagonizes the axon-destabilizing factors D-Sarm and Axundead (Axed) during axon branch growth, revealing a developmental function for these proteins. Overexpression of D-Sarm or Axed results in axon branching defects, which can be blocked by overexpression of dWnk or Nmnat. Surprisingly, Wnk kinases are also required for axon maintenance of adult Drosophila and mouse cortical pyramidal neurons. Requirement of Wnk for axon maintenance is independent of its developmental function. Inactivation of dWnk or mouse Wnk1/2 in mature neurons leads to axon degeneration in the adult brain. Therefore, Wnk kinases are novel signaling components that provide a safeguard function in both developing and adult axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Izadifar
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Courchet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tine Verreet
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derya Ayaz
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Misbaer
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandenbogaerde
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laloe Monteiro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Milan Petrovic
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sonja Sachse
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bing Yan
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria-Luise Erfurth
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dan Dascenco
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jiekun Yan
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Edwards-Faret
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tommy Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dietmar Schmucker
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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