1
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Osawa T, Fujikawa K, Shimamoto K. Structures, functions, and syntheses of glycero-glycophospholipids. Front Chem 2024; 12:1353688. [PMID: 38389730 PMCID: PMC10881803 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1353688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes consist of integral and peripheral protein-associated lipid bilayers. Although constituent lipids vary among cells, membrane lipids are mainly classified as phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols. Phospholipids are further divided into glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids, whereas glycolipids are further classified as glyceroglycolipids and sphingoglycolipids. Both glycerophospholipids and glyceroglycolipids contain diacylglycerol as the common backbone, but their head groups differ. Most glycerolipids have polar head groups containing phosphate esters or sugar moieties. However, trace components termed glycero-glycophospholipids, each possessing both a phosphate ester and a sugar moiety, exist in membranes. Recently, the unique biological activities of glycero-glycophospholipids have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we describe the structure, distribution, function, biosynthesis, and chemical synthetic approaches of representative glycero-glycophospholipids-phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc) and enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). In addition, we introduce our recent studies on the rare glycero-glyco"pyrophospho"lipid, membrane protein integrase (MPIase), which is involved in protein translocation across biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukiho Osawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohki Fujikawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimamoto
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Kano K, Ishii N, Miyagawa A, Takeda H, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H, Greimel P, Matsuo I. Protecting-group-free glycosylation of phosphatidic acid in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2138-2142. [PMID: 36794702 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of unprotected carbohydrates has emerged as an area of significant interest because it obviates the need for long reaction sequences involving protecting-group manipulations. Herein, we report the one-pot synthesis of anomeric glycosyl phosphates through the condensation of unprotected carbohydrates with phospholipid derivatives while retaining high stereo- and regioselective control. The anomeric center was activated using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride to facilitate condensation with glycerol-3-phosphate derivatives in an aqueous solution. A water/propionitrile mixture provided superior stereoselectivity while maintaining good yields. Under these optimized conditions, the condensation of stable isotope-labeled glucose with phosphatidic acid provided efficient access to labeled glycophospholipids as an internal standard for mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeda
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. .,Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | | | - Peter Greimel
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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3
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Kano K, Ishii N, Greimel P, Matsuo I. Chemical Synthesis of Phosphatidylglucoside. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:73-78. [PMID: 36587071 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1-stearoyl (18:0)-2-arachidoyl (20:0)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ß-D-glucoside (Phosphatidylglucoside or PtdGlc) was synthesized by direct coupling of D-glucose with the phosphate group of phosphatidic acid (18:0, 20:0). Selective in situ activation of the anomeric center of D-glucose by 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC) in aqueous media allows the omission of protecting groups while furnishing the required ß-phosphate linkage with high selectivity. The described method is suitable to access PtdGlc in mg scale utilizing a simple two step purification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.
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4
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Murate M, Kobayashi T. Distribution of Glycolipids in the Plasma Membrane Monitored by Specific Probes in Combination with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:189-202. [PMID: 36587080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids are mainly distributed in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and are involved in cellular signaling by modulating the activity of cell surface receptor proteins. Glycolipids themselves also work as cell surface receptors of bacterial toxins. Anti-glycolipid antibodies are associated with various pathological conditions. The cellular distribution of glycolipids has been studied using specific toxins or antibodies. However, these proteins are multivalent and thus potentially induce the artificial aggregation of glycolipids. Since chemical fixative such as paraformaldehyde does not fix glycolipids, an alternative methodology is required to localize glycolipids with multivalent probes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL) physically fixes glycolipids on the cast after quick freezing. Thus, SDS-FRL provides the opportunity to observe the natural distribution of glycolipids using multivalent probes. Here, we describe the application of SDS-FRL on the cell surface distribution of phosphatidylglucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Murate
- Support Unit for Electron Microscopy Techniques, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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5
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Li X, Hanafusa K, Kage M, Yokoyama N, Nakayama H, Hotta T, Oshima E, Kano K, Matsuo I, Nagatsuka Y, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K. Lysophosphatidylglucoside is a GPR55 -mediated chemotactic molecule for human monocytes and macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:86-92. [PMID: 34237432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils undergo spontaneous apoptosis within 24-48 h after leaving bone marrow. Apoptotic neutrophils are subsequently phagocytosed and cleared by macrophages, thereby maintaining neutrophil homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated involvement of lysophosphatidylglucoside (lysoPtdGlc), a degradation product of PtdGlc, in modality-specific repulsive guidance of spinal sensory axons, via its specific receptor GPR55. In the present study, using human monocytic cell line THP-1 as a model, we demonstrated that lysoPtdGlc induces monocyte/macrophage migration with typical bell-haped curve and a peak at concentration 10-9 M. Lysophosphatidylinositol (lysoPtdIns), a known GPR55 ligand, induced migration at higher concentration (10-7 M). LysoPtdGlc-treated cells had a polarized shape, whereas lysoPtdIns-treated cells had a spherical shape. In EZ-TAXIScan (chemotaxis) assay, lysoPtdGlc induced chemotactic migration activity of THP-1 cells, while lysoPtdIns induced random migration activity. GPR55 antagonist ML193 inhibited lysoPtdGlc-induced THP-1 cell migration, whereas lysoPtdIns-induced migration was inhibited by CB2-receptor inverse agonist. SiRNA experiments showed that GPR55 mediated lysoPtdGlc-induced migration, while lysoPtdIns-induced migration was mediated by CB2 receptor. Our findings, taken together, suggest that lysoPtdGlc functions as a chemotactic molecule for human monocytes/macrophages via GPR55 receptor, while lysoPtdIns induces random migration activity via CB2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Madoka Kage
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nagatsuka
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan.
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6
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Liu Y, Liu J, Cong P, Zhang T, Xue C, Xu J, Wang Y, Mao X, Wang J. Exogenous phosphatidylglucoside alleviates cognitive impairment by improvement of neuroinflammation, and neurotrophin signaling. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e332. [PMID: 33783996 PMCID: PMC8002902 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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7
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Guy AT, Kamiguchi H. Lipids as new players in axon guidance and circuit development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:22-29. [PMID: 33039927 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of functional neuronal circuitry depends on axon guidance, in which extracellular chemotropic cues provide directional instructions to developing axons in the embryonic nervous system. Recently lipids, in particular lysolipids, are being appraised as a new class of axon guidance cues. Most lysolipids are formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, and signal via a wide variety of mechanisms including specific G protein-coupled receptors. For example, lysophosphatidylglucoside released from a specific type of glia activates neuronal GPR55 to regulate axon tract patterning. However, demonstrating the in vivo mechanisms of lysolipid axon guidance is often challenging and complex. Here we will review in detail lysolipids that have been identified or proposed as axon guidance cues in the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Guy
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan.
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8
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Grassi S, Giussani P, Mauri L, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:636-654. [PMID: 31871065 PMCID: PMC7193971 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynamics underlying phase separation of membrane lipids in the complex biological membranes are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, alterations in the membrane lipid composition affect the lateral organization of molecules belonging to lipid rafts. Neural lipid rafts are found in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and are characterized by a high enrichment of specific lipids depending on the cell type. These lipid rafts seem to organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating the homeostasis of the brain. The progressive decline of brain performance along with physiological aging is at least in part associated with alterations in the composition and structure of neural lipid rafts. In addition, neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, which in turn affects the structure of lipid rafts. Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts. Thus, the structure and function of lipid rafts play a central role in the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases.jlr;61/5/636/F1F1f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. mailto:
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9
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Roig-Puiggros S, Vigouroux RJ, Beckman D, Bocai NI, Chiou B, Davimes J, Gomez G, Grassi S, Hoque A, Karikari TK, Kiffer F, Lopez M, Lunghi G, Mazengenya P, Meier S, Olguín-Albuerne M, Oliveira MM, Paraíso-Luna J, Pradhan J, Radiske A, Ramos-Hryb AB, Ribeiro MC, Schellino R, Selles MC, Singh S, Theotokis P, Chédotal A. Construction and reconstruction of brain circuits: normal and pathological axon guidance. J Neurochem 2019; 153:10-32. [PMID: 31630412 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perception of our environment entirely depends on the close interaction between the central and peripheral nervous system. In order to communicate each other, both systems must develop in parallel and in coordination. During development, axonal projections from the CNS as well as the PNS must extend over large distances to reach their appropriate target cells. To do so, they read and follow a series of axon guidance molecules. Interestingly, while these molecules play critical roles in guiding developing axons, they have also been shown to be critical in other major neurodevelopmental processes, such as the migration of cortical progenitors. Currently, a major hurdle for brain repair after injury or neurodegeneration is the absence of axonal regeneration in the mammalian CNS. By contrasts, PNS axons can regenerate. Many hypotheses have been put forward to explain this paradox but recent studies suggest that hacking neurodevelopmental mechanisms may be the key to promote CNS regeneration. Here we provide a seminar report written by trainees attending the second Flagship school held in Alpbach, Austria in September 2018 organized by the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) together with the Journal of Neurochemistry (JCN). This advanced school has brought together leaders in the fields of neurodevelopment and regeneration in order to discuss major keystones and future challenges in these respective fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin J Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Beckman
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nadia I Bocai
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brian Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joshua Davimes
- Faculty of Health Sciences School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gimena Gomez
- Laboratorio de Parkinson Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ashfaqul Hoque
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Frederico Kiffer
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Lopez
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicin, University of Milano, Segrate, Italy
| | - Pedzisai Mazengenya
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sonja Meier
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mauricio Olguín-Albuerne
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio M Oliveira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Paraíso-Luna
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and University Research Institute in Neurochemistry (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonu Pradhan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andressa Radiske
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Belén Ramos-Hryb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mayara C Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Roberta Schellino
- Neuroscience Department "Rita Levi-Montalcini" and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Clara Selles
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shripriya Singh
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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10
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Guy AT, Kano K, Ohyama J, Kamiguchi H, Hirabayashi Y, Ito Y, Matsuo I, Greimel P. Preference for Glucose over Inositol Headgroup during Lysolipid Activation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 55. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:716-727. [PMID: 30346710 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is highly expressed in brain and peripheral nervous system. Originally deorphanized as a cannabinoid receptor, recently GPR55 has been described as a lysophospholipid-responsive receptor, specifically toward lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidyl-β-d-glucoside (LysoPtdGlc). To characterize lysolipid-GPR55 interaction, synthetic access to LysoPtdGlc and selected analogues was established utilizing a phosphorus(III)-based chemical approach. The biological activity of each synthetic lipid was assessed using a GPR55-dependent chemotropism assay in primary sensory neurons. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations the potential ligand entry port and binding pocket specifics are discussed. These results highlight the preference for gluco- over inositol- and galacto-configured headgroups.
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11
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Ding F, Guy AT, Greimel P, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H, Ito Y. Squaryl group modified phosphoglycolipid analogs as potential modulators of GPR55. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8470-8473. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04467h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the facile synthesis of a series of LPGlc analogs, their GPR dependent biological activity and a systematic analysis of the structure–activity relationship in regards to GPR55 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqing Ding
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
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12
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CD60b: Enriching Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from Rat Development into Adulthood. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5759490. [PMID: 29270199 PMCID: PMC5705879 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5759490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD60b antigens are highly expressed during development in the rat nervous system, while in the adult their expression is restricted to a few regions, including the subventricular zone (SVZ) around the lateral ventricles—a neurogenic niche in the adult brain. For this reason, we investigated whether the expression of C60b is associated with neural stem/progenitor cells in the SVZ, from development into adulthood. We performed in vitro and in vivo analyses of CD60b expression at different stages and identified the presence of these antigens in neural stem/progenitor cells. We also observed that CD60b could be used to purify and enrich a population of neurosphere-forming cells from the developing and adult brain. We showed that CD60b antigens (mainly corresponding to ganglioside 9-O-acetyl GD3, a well-known molecule expressed during central nervous system development and mainly associated with neuronal migration) are also present in less mature cells and could be used to identify and isolate neural stem/progenitor cells during development and in the adult brain. A better understanding of molecules associated with neurogenesis may contribute not only to improve the knowledge about the physiology of the mammalian central nervous system, but also to find new treatments for regenerating tissue after disease or brain injury.
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13
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A novel function for glucocerebrosidase as a regulator of sterylglucoside metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2507-2514. [PMID: 28596107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterols are major cell membrane lipids, and in many organisms they are modified with glucose to generate sterylglucosides. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of sterols. The formation of sterylglucosides from sterols in plants, fungi, and bacteria uses UDP-glucose as a glucose donor. By contrast, sterylglucoside biosynthesis in mammals is catalyzed by the transglucosylation activity of glucocerebrosidases, with glucosylceramide acting as the glucose donor. Recent success in isolation and structural determination of sterylglucosides in the vertebrate central nervous system shows that transglucosylation also occurs in vivo. These analyses also revealed that sterylglucoside aglycons are composed of several cholesterol-related metabolites, including a plant-type sitosteryl. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of sterylglucosides. We also summarize new findings from studies on the metabolism of vertebrate sterylglucosides and review the circumstances underlying the recent discovery of sterylglucosides in vertebrate brain. Finally, we discuss the role of sterylglucosides in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The biological significance of UDP-glucose-independent sterol glucosylation is still unknown, but it is plausible that glucosylation may provide sterols with novel biological functions. Even though sterol glucosylation is a simple reaction, it can dramatically change the physical properties of sterols. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Sterylglucosides may play roles in various physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Arriving at a better understanding of them at the organ and cellular level may open up new approaches to developing therapeutics for a variety of diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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Guy AT, Nagatsuka Y, Ooashi N, Inoue M, Nakata A, Greimel P, Inoue A, Nabetani T, Murayama A, Ohta K, Ito Y, Aoki J, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H. Glycerophospholipid regulation of modality-specific sensory axon guidance in the spinal cord. Science 2015; 349:974-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Aureli M, Grassi S, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid membrane domains in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1006-16. [PMID: 25677824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brain is characterized by the presence of cell types with very different functional specialization, but with the common trait of a very high complexity of structures originated by their plasma membranes. Brain cells bear evident membrane polarization with the creation of different morphological and functional subcompartments, whose formation, stabilization and function require a very high level of lateral order within the membrane. In other words, the membrane specialization of brain cells implies the presence of distinct membrane domains. The brain is the organ with the highest enrichment in lipids like cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and the most recently discovered brain membrane lipid, phosphatidylglucoside, whose collective behavior strongly favors segregation within the membrane leading to the formation of lipid-driven membrane domains. Lipid-driven membrane domains function as dynamic platforms for signal transduction, protein processing, and membrane turnover. Essential events involved in the development and in the maintenance of the functional integrity of the brain depend on the organization of lipid-driven membrane domains, and alterations in lipid homeostasis, leading to deranged lipid-driven membrane organization, are common in several major brain diseases. In this review, we summarize the forces behind the formation of lipid membrane domains and their biological roles in different brain cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
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Glycolipid and Glycoprotein Expression During Neural Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:185-222. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Lipid raft-regulated IGF-1R activation antagonizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3815-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Ishibashi Y, Kohyama-Koganeya A, Hirabayashi Y. New insights on glucosylated lipids: metabolism and functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1475-85. [PMID: 23770033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide, cholesterol, and phosphatidic acid are major basic structures for cell membrane lipids. These lipids are modified with glucose to generate glucosylceramide (GlcCer), cholesterylglucoside (ChlGlc), and phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), respectively. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of lipids. For instance, ceramide acts as a strong tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, while GlcCer has an opposite effect, downregulating ceramide activities. All glucosylated lipids are enriched in lipid rafts or microdomains and play fundamental roles in a variety of cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of these three glucosylated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Qu J, Hu X, Zhang F, Zheng H, Qu X, Liu Y. TRAIL-activated EGFR by Cbl-b-regulated EGFR redistribution in lipid rafts antagonises TRAIL-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:3288-99. [PMID: 22456178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most gastric cancer cells are resistant to tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Since TRAIL resistance is associated with lipid rafts, in which both death receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are enriched, our aim is to identify how lipid raft-regulated receptor redistribution influences the sensitivity of TRAIL in gastric cancer cells. In TRAIL-resistant gastric cancer cells, TRAIL did not induce effective death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) formation in lipid rafts, accompanied with EGFR translocation into lipid rafts, and activation of EGFR pathway. Knockdown of casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis by promoting DISC formation in lipid rafts. However, knockdown of Cbl-b also enhanced EGFR translocation into lipid rafts and EGFR pathway activation induced by TRAIL. Either using inhibitors of EGFR or depletion of EGFR with small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented EGFR pathway activation, and thus increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis, especially in Cbl-b knockdown clones. Taken together, TRAIL-induced EGFR activation through Cbl-b-regulated EGFR redistribution in lipid rafts antagonised TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The contribution of DISC formation and the inhibition of EGFR signal triggered in lipid rafts are both essential for increasing the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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20
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Phosphatidylglucoside: Its structure, thermal behavior, and domain formation in plasma membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Hada N, Okayasu M, Ito J, Nakayachi M, Hayashida C, Kaneda T, Uchida N, Muramatsu T, Koike C, Masuhara M, Sato T, Hakeda Y. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-dependent expression of caveolin-1 in osteoclast precursors, and high dependency of osteoclastogenesis on exogenous lipoprotein. Bone 2012; 50:226-36. [PMID: 22075210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although extensive studies have done much to clarify the molecular mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis during the last ten years, there may still be unknown molecules associated with osteoclast differentiation. Thus, we used fluorescent differential display to screen for genes whose expression is induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), a crucial molecule for osteoclast formation. We identified caveolin-1 (Cav-1) as a RANKL-induced gene. Cav-1 is a major structural protein of caveolae and lipid rafts, cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the plasma membrane (PM). The RANKL-induced Cav-1 was immediately conveyed to lipid rafts. Conversely, expression of flotillin-1 (Flot-1), another scaffolding protein of lipid rafts, was reduced during osteoclastogenesis, indicating conversion of Flot-1-predominant rafts into Cav-1-enriched rafts. However, in vitro osteoclastogenesis of precursor cells from Cav-1-null mice was comparable to that of wild-type mice, while Cav-2 expression in the knockout osteoclasts was maintained. Conversely, Cav-2 gene silencing in Cav-1-null osteoclast precursors using siRNA for Cav-2 increased osteoclast formation, suggesting that the Cav-1/Cav-2 complex may act as a negative regulator for osteoclastogenesis. On the other hand, destruction of lipid rafts by removal of cholesterol from the PM by methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (MCD) treatment caused disordered signal transductions for osteoclastogenesis, such as hyperactivation of Erk1/2 and insensitivity of Akt to RANKL stimulus. The abnormal signaling was reproduced by deleting exogenous lipoproteins from the culture medium, which also resulted in reduced osteoclast formation. In addition, the deletion caused delayed expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), and depressed its activation in the cytosol and inhibited its translocation into nuclei. Simultaneously, the deletion reduced the level of FcRγ, a trigger protein for initiating the calcium signaling needed to activate NFATc1, and decreased Cav-1 in lipid rafts. These findings indicate that the molecular mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis are highly dependent on extracellular lipoprotein and the integrity of lipid rafts, and suggest possible involvement of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
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Kina K, Masuda H, Nakayama H, Iwahara C, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y, Ogawa H, Takamori K, Iwabuchi K. The novel neutrophil differentiation marker phosphatidylglucoside is involved in Fas-dependent apoptosis. Inflamm Regen 2012. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.32.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Hirabayashi Y. A world of sphingolipids and glycolipids in the brain--novel functions of simple lipids modified with glucose. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 88:129-143. [PMID: 22498977 PMCID: PMC3406307 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.88.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are present on cell surface membranes and are particularly abundant in the brain. Since over 300-400 GSLs are synthesized from glucosylceramide (GlcCer), GlcCer is believed to only serve as the source of most GSLs, including sialic acid-containing GSLs or gangliosides, in the brain. Recent studies, however, suggest that GlcCer itself plays a role in the heat stress response, as it functions as a glucose donor for the synthesis of cholesterylglucoside, a lipid mediator in heat stress responses in animals. GlcCer in adipose tissues is also thought to be involved in mechanisms that regulate energy (sugar and lipid) metabolism. Our extensive structural study revealed an additional novel glucosylated membrane lipid, called phosphatidylglucoside, in developing rodent brains and human neutrophils. These lipids, all modified with glucose, are enriched in lipid rafts and play important roles in basic cellular processes. Here, I summarize the recent progress regarding these glucosylated lipids and their biosynthesis and regulation in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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24
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Hirabayashi Y, Guy A, Nagatsuka Y, Greimel P, Nabetani T, Inoue M, Nakata A, Ooashi N, Kamiguchi H. A novel bioactive lipid, Lyso-phosphatidylglucoside as repulsive axon guidance cue in the developing spinal cord. Chem Phys Lipids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Yamashita T. Glycosphingolipid modification: structural diversity, functional and mechanistic integration of diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2011; 35:309-16. [PMID: 21977449 PMCID: PMC3178690 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are present in all mammalian cell plasma membranes and intracellular membrane structures. They are especially concentrated in plasma membrane lipid domains that are specialized for cell signaling. Plasma membranes have typical structures called rafts and caveola domain structures, with large amounts of sphingolipids, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin. GSLs are usually observed in many organs ubiquitously. However, GSLs, including over 400 derivatives, participate in diverse cellular functions. Several studies indicate that GSLs might have an effect on signal transduction related to insulin receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors. GSLs may modulate immune responses by transmitting signals from the exterior to the interior of the cell. Guillain-Barré syndrome is one of the autoimmune disorders characterized by symmetrical weakness in the muscles of the legs. The targets of the immune response are thought to be gangliosides, which are one group of GSLs. Other GSLs may serve as second messengers in several signaling pathways that are important to cell survival or programmed cell death. In the search for clear evidence that GSLs may play critical roles in various biological functions, many researchers have made genetically engineered mice. Before the era of gene manipulation, spontaneous animal models or chemical-induced disease models were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- World Class University Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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26
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Rajan P. STATus and Context within the Mammalian Nervous System. Mol Med 2011; 17:965-73. [PMID: 21607287 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective manipulation of human disease processes may be achieved by understanding transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic events that orchestrate cellular events. The levels of activation of specific molecules, spatial distribution and concentrations of relevant networks of signaling molecules along with the receptiveness of the chromatin to these signals are some of the parameters which dictate context. Effects elicited by the transcription factor signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) are discussed with respect to the context within which Stat3-mediated effects are elicited within the developing and adult mammalian nervous system. Stat3 signals are pivotal to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. They also participate in neuronal regeneration and cancers of the nervous system. An analysis of the context in which Stat3 activation occurs in these processes provides a potential predictive paradigm with which novel methods for intervention may be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithi Rajan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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27
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Abstract
NSCs (neural stem cells) are undifferentiated neural cells endowed with a high potential for proliferation and a capacity for self-renewal with retention of multipotency to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. It has been recently reported that GD3, a b-series ganglioside, is a marker molecule for identifying and isolating mouse NSCs. However, the expression of gangliosides in human NSCs is largely unknown. In the present study, we analysed the expression of gangliosides, GD2 and GD3, in human NSCs that were isolated from human brains at gestational week 17 in the form of neurospheres, which are floating clonal aggregates formed by NSCs in vitro. Employing immunocytochemistry, we found that human NSCs were strongly reactive to anti-GD2 antibody and relatively weakly reactive to anti-GD3 antibody. Treatment of these cells with an organic solvent such as 100% methanol, which selectively removes glycolipids from plasma membrane, abolished the immunoreactivity with those antibodies, indicating that the reactivity was due to GD2 and GD3, but not to GD2-/GD3-like glycoproteins or proteoglycans. The immunoreactivity of human NSCs to antibody against SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-1), a well-known carbohydrate antigen of NSCs, was not decreased by the treatment with 100% methanol, indicating that SSEA-1 is mainly carried by glycoproteins and/or proteoglycans in human NSCs. Our study suggests that GD2 and GD3 can be marker gangliosides for identifying human NSCs.
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28
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Kina K, Masuda H, Nakayama H, Nagatsuka Y, Nabetani T, Hirabayashi Y, Takahashi Y, Shimada K, Daida H, Ogawa H, Takamori K, Iwabuchi K. The Novel Neutrophil Differentiation Marker Phosphatidylglucoside Mediates Neutrophil Apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5323-32. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Kaneko J, Kinoshita MO, Machida T, Shinoda Y, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y. Phosphatidylglucoside: a novel marker for adult neural stem cells. J Neurochem 2011; 116:840-4. [PMID: 21306383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of a novel glycophospholipid, phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), in adult mouse brains. Immunohistochemical analysis with DIM21 antibody, a monoclonal anti-PtdGlc antibody, revealed robust PtdGlc staining in the two primary neurogenic regions of the adult rodent brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Intriguingly, the staining pattern of PtdGlc appeared to overlap that of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an adult neural stem cell marker in these regions. Further immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PtdGlc expression on the cell membranes of adult SVZ neural stem cells significantly overlapped with other proposed adult neural stem cell markers. Moreover, PtdGlc(+) cells isolated from adult mouse SVZs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with anti-PtdGlc antibody efficiently generated neurospheres in cell culture. These cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro, directly demonstrating that PtdGlc-expressing cells possessed multipotency. Our data suggest that PtdGlc could be a useful adult stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kaneko
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
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30
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31
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Murate M, Hayakawa T, Ishii K, Inadome H, Greimel P, Watanabe M, Nagatsuka Y, Ito K, Ito Y, Takahashi H, Hirabayashi Y, Kobayashi T. Phosphatidylglucoside Forms Specific Lipid Domains on the Outer Leaflet of the Plasma Membrane. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4732-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100007u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumiko Ishii
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- INSERM U870, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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32
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. Current world literature. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13:215-21. [PMID: 20145440 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32833643b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Yu RK, Suzuki Y, Yanagisawa M. Membrane glycolipids in stem cells. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:1694-9. [PMID: 19716368 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 08/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and very small embryonic-like stem cells, are undifferentiated cells that are endowed with a high potential for proliferation and the capacity for self-renewal with retention of pluri/multipotency to differentiate into their progenies. Recently, studies regarding the biological functions of glycolipids and cell surface microdomains (caveolae, lipid rafts, or glycolipid-enriched microdomains) in stem cells are emerging. In this review, we introduce the expression patterns of glycolipids and the functional roles of cell surface microdomains in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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