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Chen B, Liu G, Chen Q, Wang H, Liu L, Tang K. Discovery of a novel marine Bacteroidetes with a rich repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:406-416. [PMID: 38235362 PMCID: PMC10792170 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the phylum Bacteroidetes play a key role in the marine carbon cycle through their degradation of polysaccharides via carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). The discovery of novel CAZymes and PULs is important for our understanding of the marine carbon cycle. In this study, we isolated and identified a potential new genus of the family Catalimonadaceae, in the phylum Bacteroidetes, from the southwest Indian Ocean. Strain TK19036, the type strain of the new genus, is predicted to encode CAZymes that are relatively abundant in marine Bacteroidetes genomes. Tunicatimonas pelagia NBRC 107804T, Porifericola rhodea NBRC 107748T and Catalinimonas niigatensis NBRC 109829T, which exhibit 16 S rRNA similarities exceeding 90% with strain TK19036, and belong to the same family, were selected as reference strains. These organisms possess a highly diverse repertoire of CAZymes and PULs, which may enable them to degrade a wide range of polysaccharides, especially pectin and alginate. In addition, some secretory CAZymes in strain TK19036 and its relatives were predicted to be transported by type IX secretion system (T9SS). Further, to the best of our knowledge, we propose the first reported "hybrid" PUL targeting alginates in T. pelagia NBRC 107804T. Our findings provide new insights into the polysaccharide degradation capacity of marine Bacteroidetes, and suggest that T9SS may play a more important role in this process than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Hu L, Li X, Li C, Wang L, Han L, Ni W, Zhou P, Hu S. Characterization of a novel multifunctional glycoside hydrolase family in the metagenome-assembled genomes of horse gut. Gene 2024; 927:148758. [PMID: 38977109 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a treasure trove of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). To explore novel and efficient CAZymes, we analyzed the 4,142 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of the horse gut microbiota and found the MAG117.bin13 genome (Bacteroides fragilis) contains the highest number of polysaccharide utilisation loci sites (PULs), indicating its high capability for carbohydrate degradation. Bioinformatics analysis indicate that the PULs region of the MAG117.bin13 genome encodes many hypothetical proteins, which are important sources for exploring novel CAZymes. Interestingly, we discovered a hypothetical protein (595 amino acids). This protein exhibits potential CAZymes activity and has a lower similarity to CAZymes, we named it BfLac2275. We purified the protein using prokaryotic expression technology and studied its enzymatic function. The hydrolysis experiment of the polysaccharide substrate showed that the BfLac2275 protein has the ability to degrade α-lactose (156.94 U/mg), maltose (92.59 U/mg), raffinose (86.81 U/mg), and hyaluronic acid (5.71 U/mg). The enzyme activity is optimal at pH 5.0 and 30 ℃, indicating that the hypothetical protein BfLac2275 is a novel and multifunctional CAZymes in the glycoside hydrolases (GHs). These properties indicate that BfLac2275 has broad application prospects in many fields such as plant polysaccharide decomposition, food industry, animal feed additives and enzyme preparations. This study not only serves as a reference for exploring novel CAZymes encoded by gut microbiota but also provides an example for further studying the functional annotation of hypothetical genes in metagenomic assembly genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Cunyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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Wang X, Han J, Zeng M, Chen Y, Jiang F, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Total ammonia nitrogen inhibits medium-chain fatty acid biosynthesis by disrupting hydrolysis, acidification, chain elongation, substrate transmembrane transport and ATP synthesis processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 409:131236. [PMID: 39122132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis to comprehensively illustrate how ammonia stress influenced medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) biosynthesis. MCFA synthesis was inhibited at total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations above 1000 mg N/L. TAN stress hindered organic hydrolysis, acidification, and volatile fatty acids elongation. Chain-elongating bacteria (e.g., Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Caproiciproducens) abundance remained unchanged, but their activity decreased, partially due to the increased reactive oxygen species. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed reduced activity of enzymes critical for MCFA production under TAN stress. Fatty acid biosynthesis pathway rather than reverse β-oxidation pathway primarily contributed to MCFA production, and was inhibited under TAN stress. Functional populations likely survived TAN stress through osmoprotectant generation and potassium uptake regulation to maintain osmotic pressure, with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase potentially compensating for ATP loss. This study enhances understanding of MCFA biosynthesis under TAN stress, aiding MCFA production system stability and efficiency improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Han
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihui Zeng
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Sun F, Yang H, Zhang X, Tan F, Wang G, Shi Q. Significant response of coral-associated bacteria and their carbohydrate-active enzymes diversity to coral bleaching. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 201:106694. [PMID: 39163656 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of bacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) contributes significantly to comprehending the response exhibited by coral symbionts to the external environment. This study explored the impact of bleaching on the bacteria and their CAZymes in coral Favites sp. through metagenomic sequencing. Notably, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) unveiles substantial difference in bacterial communities between bleached and unbleached corals. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Chloroflexi, exhibit noteworthy alterations during coral bleaching. CAZymes profiles in bleached coral disclosed a significant increase in Glycosyltransferases (GTs) abundance, suggesting an intensified biosynthesis of polysaccharides. Conversely, there is a marked reduction in other CAZymes abundance in bleached coral. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Chlorobi, and Planctomycetota exhibit greater contributions to CAZymes in bleached corals, with Rhodobacterales, Cytophagales, Burkholderiales, Caulobacterales, and Hyphomicrobiales being the main contributors. While Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi demonstrate higher contributions to CAZymes in unbleached corals. The changes in bacteria and their CAZymes reflect the ecological adaptability of coral holobionts when facing environmental stress. The alterations in CAZymes composition caused by bleaching events may have profound impacts on coral nutrient absorption and ecosystem stability. Therefore, understanding the dynamic changes in CAZymes is crucial for assessing the health and recovery potential of coral ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China.
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Tan
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan Wang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shi
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Alves F, Nakada PJT, Marques MJDAM, Rea LDC, Cortez AA, Pellegrini VDOA, Polikarpov I, Kurachi C. Complete photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with use of potassium iodide and its comparison with enzymatic pretreatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112974. [PMID: 38964021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium, accounts for 7% of all hospital-acquired infections. Despite advances in medicine and antibiotic therapy, P. aeruginosa infection still results in high mortality rates of up to 62% in certain patient groups. This bacteria is also known to form biofilms, that are 10 to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics compared to their free-floating counterparts. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has been proved to be an effective antimicrobial technique for microbial control. This method involves the incubation of the pathogen with a photosensitizer (PS), then, a light at appropriated wavelength is applied, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species that are toxic to the microbial cells. Studies have focused on strategies to enhance the PDI efficacy, such as a pre-treatment with enzymes to degrade the biofilm matrix and/or an addition of inorganic salts to the PS. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PDI against P. aeruginosa biofilm in association with the application of the enzymes prior to PDI (enzymatic pre-treatment) or the addition of potassium iodide (KI) to the photosensitizer solution, to increase the inactivation effectiveness of the treatment. First, a range of enzymes and PSs were tested, and the best protocols for combined treatments were selected. The results showed that the use of enzymes as a pre-treatment was effective to reduce the total biomass, however, when associated with PDI, mild bacterial reductions were obtained. Then, the use of KI in association with the PS was evaluated and the results showed that, PDI mediated by methylene blue (MB) in the presence of KI was able to completely eradicate the biofilm. However, when the PDI was performed with curcumin and KI, no additive reduction was observed. In conclusion, out of all strategies evaluated in the present study, the most promising strategy to improve PDI against P. aeruginosa biofilm was the use of KI in association with MB, resulting in eradication with 108 log bacterial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Júnior Tadayoshi Nakada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia de Arruda Mazzotti Marques
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Cruz Rea
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelyse Abreu Cortez
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Arnoldi Pellegrini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Gruninger RJ, Kevorkova M, Low KE, Jones DR, Worrall L, McAllister TA, Abbott DW. Structural, Biochemical, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Carbohydrate Esterase Family 15 Glucuronoyl Esterases in the Rumen. Protein J 2024; 43:910-922. [PMID: 39153129 PMCID: PMC11345330 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) are carbohydrate active enzymes in carbohydrate esterase family 15 which are involved in the hydrolysis of lignin-carbohydrate complexes. They are encoded by a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic fungi and bacteria inhabiting diverse environments. The rumen microbiome is a complex microbial community with a wide array of enzymes that specialize in deconstructing plant cell wall carbohydrates. Enzymes from the rumen tend to show low similarity to homologues found in other environments, making the rumen microbiome a promising source for the discovery of novel enzymes. Using a combination of phylogenetic and structural analysis, we investigated the structure-function relationship of GEs from the rumen bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and from the rumen fungus, Piromyces rhizinflata. All adopt a canonical α/β hydrolase fold and possess a structurally conserved Ser-His-Glu/Asp catalytic triad. Structural variations in the enzymes are localized to loops surrounding the active site. Analysis of the active site structures in these enzymes emphasized the importance of structural plasticity in GEs with non-canonical active site conformations. We hypothesize that interkingdom HGT events may have contributed to the diversity of GEs in the rumen, and this is demonstrated by the phylogenetic and structural similarity observed between rumen bacterial and fungal GEs. This study advances our understanding of the structure-function relationship in glucuronoyl esterases and illuminates the evolutionary dynamics that contribute to enzyme diversity in the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gruninger
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Maya Kevorkova
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Darryl R Jones
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Liam Worrall
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Rønne ME, Dybdahl Andersen C, Teze D, Petersen AB, Fredslund F, Stender EGP, Chaberski EK, Holck J, Aachmann FL, Welner DH, Svensson B. Action and cooperation in alginate degradation by three enzymes from the human gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107596. [PMID: 39032652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide consumed by humans in edible seaweed and different foods where it is applied as a texturizing hydrocolloid or in encapsulations of drugs and probiotics. While gut bacteria are found to utilize and ferment alginate to health-beneficial short-chain fatty acids, knowledge on the details of the molecular reactions is sparse. Alginates are composed of mannuronic acid (M) and its C-5 epimer guluronic acid (G). An alginate-related polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) has been identified in the gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. The PUL encodes two polysaccharide lyases (PLs) from the PL6 (BePL6) and PL17 (BePL17) families as well as a KdgF-like metalloprotein (BeKdgF) known to catalyze ring-opening of 4,5-unsaturated monouronates yielding 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH). B. eggerthii DSM 20697 does not grow on alginate, but readily proliferates with a lag phase of a few hours in the presence of an endo-acting alginate lyase A1-I from the marine bacterium Sphingomonas sp. A1. The B. eggerthii lyases are both exo-acting and while BePL6 is strictly G-block specific, BePL17 prefers M-blocks. BeKdgF retained 10-27% activity in the presence of 0.1-1 mM EDTA. X-ray crystallography was used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of BeKdgF, based on which a catalytic mechanism was proposed to involve Asp102, acting as acid/base having pKa of 5.9 as determined by NMR pH titration. BePL6 and BePL17 cooperate in alginate degradation with BeKdgF linearizing producing 4,5-unsaturated monouronates. Their efficiency of alginate degradation was much enhanced by the addition of the A1-I alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette E Rønne
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Dybdahl Andersen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Teze
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agnes Beenfeldt Petersen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emil G P Stender
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Evan Kirk Chaberski
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Wang Y, Han T, Liu T, Sun L, Dou B, Xin J, Zhang N. New insights into starch, lipid, and protein interactions - Colon microbiota fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122113. [PMID: 38616083 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Starch, lipids, and proteins are essential biological macromolecules that play a crucial role in providing energy and nutrition to our bodies. Interactions between these macromolecules have been shown to impact starch digestibility. Understanding and controlling starch digestibility is a key area of research. Investigating the mechanisms behind the interactions of these three components and their influence on starch digestibility is of significant practical importance. Moreover, these interactions can result in the formation of resistant starch, which can be fermented by gut microbiota in the colon, leading to various health benefits. While current research has predominantly focused on the digestive properties of starch in the small intestine, there is a notable gap in understanding the colonic microbial fermentation phase of resistant starch. The benefits of fermentation of resistant starch in the colon may outweigh its glucose-lowering effect in the small intestine. Thus, it is crucial to study the fermentation behavior of resistant starch in the colon. This paper investigates the impact of interactions among starch, lipids, and proteins on starch digestion, with a specific focus on the fermentation phase of indigestible carbohydrates in the colon. Furthermore, valuable insights are offered for guiding future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Lirui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Boxin Dou
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Jiaying Xin
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China.
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Hobbs JK, Boraston AB. The structure of a pectin-active family 1 polysaccharide lyase from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2024; 80:142-147. [PMID: 38935515 PMCID: PMC11229556 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x2400596x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea sp. PS47 is a recently identified marine bacterium that has extensive enzymatic machinery to metabolize polysaccharides, including a locus that targets pectin-like substrates. This locus contains a gene (locus tag EU509_03255) that encodes a pectin-degrading lyase, called PfPL1, that belongs to polysaccharide lyase family 1 (PL1). The 2.2 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of PfPL1 reveals the compact parallel β-helix fold of the PL1 family. The back side of the core parallel β-helix opposite to the active site is a meandering set of five α-helices joined by lengthy loops. A comparison of the active site with those of other PL1 enzymes suggests a catalytic mechanism that is independent of metal ions, such as Ca2+, but that substrate recognition may require metal ions. Overall, this work provides the first structural insight into a pectinase of marine origin and the first structure of a PL1 enzyme in subfamily 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K. Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of VictoriaPO Box 1700 STN CSCVictoriaBCV8W 2Y2Canada
| | - Alisdair B. Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of VictoriaPO Box 1700 STN CSCVictoriaBCV8W 2Y2Canada
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Zheng B, Wang G, Qu Z, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. Glycosaminoglycan lyase: A new competition between bacteria and the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105177. [PMID: 38593892 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important evolutionary force in the formation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. In recent years, many HGT genes horizontally transferred from prokaryotes to eukaryotes have been reported, and most of them are present in arthropods. The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, an important economic species of arthropod, has close relationships with bacteria, providing a platform for horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In this study, we analyzed bacteria-derived HGT based on a high-quality genome of L. vannamei via a homology search and phylogenetic analysis, and six HGT genes were identified. Among these six horizontally transferred genes, we found one gene (LOC113799989) that contains a bacterial chondroitinase AC structural domain and encodes an unknown glycosaminoglycan (GAG) lyase in L. vannamei. The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the mRNA expression level of LOC113799989 was highest in the hepatopancreas and heart, and after stimulation by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, its mRNA expression level was rapidly up-regulated within 12 h. Furthermore, after injecting si-RNA and stimulation by V. parahaemolyticus, we found that the experimental group had a higher cumulative mortality rate in 48 h than the control group, indicating that the bacteria-derived GAG lyase can reduce the mortality of shrimp with respect to infection by V. parahaemolyticus and might be related to the resistance of shrimp to bacterial diseases. Our findings contribute to the study of the function of GAGs and provide new insights into GAG-related microbial pathogenesis and host defense mechanisms in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Gengzhuo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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11
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Wang Q, Zhan PC, Han XL, Lu T. Metagenomic and culture-dependent analysis of Rhinopithecius bieti gut microbiota and characterization of a novel genus of Sphingobacteriaceae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13819. [PMID: 38879636 PMCID: PMC11180105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Culture-dependent and metagenomic binning techniques were employed to gain an insight into the diversification of gut bacteria in Rhinopithecius bieti, a highly endangered primate endemic to China. Our analyses revealed that Bacillota_A and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla. These two phyla species are rich in carbohydrate active enzymes, which could provide nutrients and energy for their own or hosts' survival under different circumstances. Among the culturable bacteria, one novel bacterium, designated as WQ 2009T, formed a distinct branch that had a low similarity to the known species in the family Sphingobacteriaceae, based on the phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence or phylogenomic analysis. The ANI, dDDH and AAI values between WQ 2009T and its most closely related strains S. kitahiroshimense 10CT, S. pakistanense NCCP-246T and S. faecium DSM 11690T were significantly lower than the accepted cut-off values for microbial species delineation. All results demonstrated that WQ 2009T represent a novel genus, for which names Rhinopithecimicrobium gen. nov. and Rhinopithecimicrobium faecis sp. nov. (Type strain WQ 2009T = CCTCC AA 2021153T = KCTC 82941T) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Peng-Chao Zhan
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiu-Lin Han
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
| | - Tao Lu
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
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12
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Chen Y, Ci F, Jiang H, Meng D, Hamouda HI, Liu C, Quan Y, Chen S, Bai X, Zhang Z, Gao X, Balah MA, Mao X. Catalytic properties characterization and degradation mode elucidation of a polyG-specific alginate lyase OUC-FaAly7. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121929. [PMID: 38494211 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Polymerized guluronates (polyG)-specific alginate lyase with lower polymerized mannuronates (polyM)-degrading activity, superior stability, and clear action mode is a powerful biotechnology tool for the preparation of AOSs rich in M blocks. In this study, we expressed and characterized a polyG-specific alginate lyase OUC-FaAly7 from Formosa agariphila KMM3901. OUC-FaAly7 belonging to polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 7 had highest activity (2743.7 ± 20.3 U/μmol) at 45 °C and pH 6.0. Surprisingly, its specific activity against polyG reached 8560.2 ± 76.7 U/μmol, whereas its polyM-degrading activity was nearly 0 within 10 min reaction. Suggesting that OUC-FaAly7 was a strict polyG-specific alginate lyase. Importantly, OUC-FaAly7 showed a wide range of temperature adaptations and remarkable temperature and pH stability. Its relative activity between 20 °C and 45 °C reached >90 % of the maximum activity. The minimum identifiable substrate of OUC-FaAly7 was guluronate tetrasaccharide (G4). Action process and mode showed that it was a novel alginate lyase digesting guluronate hexaose (G6), guluronate heptaose (G7), and polymerized guluronates, with the preferential generation of unsaturated guluronate pentasaccharide (UG5), although which could be further degraded into unsaturated guluronate disaccharide (UG3) and trisaccharide (UG2). This study contributes to illustrating the catalytic properties, substrate recognition, and action mode of novel polyG-specific alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Fangfang Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chuangxin Road 166-6, Torch Hi-tech Science Park, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Di Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chunhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yongyi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Suxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xinxue Bai
- Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Mohamed A Balah
- Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
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13
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Yu B, Lu Z, Zhong S, Cheong KL. Exploring potential polysaccharide utilization loci involved in the degradation of typical marine seaweed polysaccharides by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1332105. [PMID: 38800758 PMCID: PMC11119289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1332105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research on the mechanism of marine polysaccharide utilization by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron has drawn substantial attention in recent years. Derived from marine algae, the marine algae polysaccharides could serve as prebiotics to facilitate intestinal microecological balance and alleviate colonic diseases. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, considered the most efficient degrader of polysaccharides, relates to its capacity to degrade an extensive spectrum of complex polysaccharides. Polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), a specialized organization of a collection of genes-encoded enzymes engaged in the breakdown and utilization of polysaccharides, make it possible for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to metabolize various polysaccharides. However, there is still a paucity of comprehensive studies on the procedure of polysaccharide degradation by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Methods In the current study, the degradation of four kinds of marine algae polysaccharides, including sodium alginate, fucoidan, laminarin, and Pyropia haitanensis polysaccharides, and the underlying mechanism by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron G4 were investigated. Pure culture of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron G4 in a substrate supplemented with these polysaccharides were performed. The change of OD600, total carbohydrate contents, and molecular weight during this fermentation were determined. Genomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were further performed to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Specifically, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) annotation, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were utilized to identify potential target genes and pathways. Results Underlying target genes and pathways were recognized by employing bioinformatic analysis. Several PULs were found that are anticipated to participate in the breakdown of these four polysaccharides. These findings may help to understand the interactions between these marine seaweed polysaccharides and gut microorganisms. Discussion The elucidation of polysaccharide degradation mechanisms by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron provides valuable insights into the utilization of marine polysaccharides as prebiotics and their potential impact on gut health. Further studies are warranted to explore the specific roles of individual PULs and their contributions to polysaccharide metabolism in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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14
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You X, Wang S, Du L, Chen Y, Wang T, Bo X. Metagenomics reveals the variations in functional metabolism associated with greenhouse gas emissions during legume-vegetable rotation process. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116268. [PMID: 38569319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Legume-based rotation is commonly recognized for its mitigation efficiency of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, variations in GHG emission-associated metabolic functions during the legume-vegetable rotation process remain largely uncharacterized. Accordingly, a soybean-radish rotation field experiment was designed to clarify the responses of microbial communities and their GHG emission-associated functional metabolism through metagenomics. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon and total phosphorus significantly decreased during the soybean-radish process (P < 0.05), while soil total potassium content and bacterial richness and diversity significantly increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the predominant bacterial phyla varied, with a decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and an increase in the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi. Metagenomics clarified that bacterial carbohydrate metabolism substantially increased during the rotation process, whereas formaldehyde assimilation, methanogenesis, nitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction decreased (P < 0.05). Specifically, the expression of phosphate acetyltransferase (functional methanogenesis gene, pta) and nitrate reductase gamma subunit (functional dissimilatory nitrate reduction gene, narI) was inhibited, indicating of low methane production and nitrogen metabolism. Additionally, the partial least squares path model revealed that the Shannon diversity index was negatively correlated with methane and nitrogen metabolism (P < 0.01), further demonstrating that the response of the soil bacterial microbiome responses are closely linked with GHG-associated metabolism during the soybean-radish rotation process. Collectively, our findings shed light on the responses of soil microbial communities to functional metabolism associated with GHG emissions and provide important insights to mitigate GHG emissions during the rotational cropping of legumes and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin You
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, PR China; Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, PR China.
| | - Linna Du
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
| | - Yurong Chen
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Bo
- Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, PR China
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15
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Qin H, Zhang S, Wang C, Pan Q, Dong Y, Cai X, Wang X, Huang M, Huang J, Zhou R. Revealing the influence of exogenously inoculated Bacillus spp. on the microbiota and metabolic potential of medium-temperature Daqu: A meta-omics analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114152. [PMID: 38519180 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
To determine the unique contribution of the bioturbation to the properties of the medium-temperature Daqu, we investigated the differences in microbiota and metabolic composition using the meta-omics approach. Bioturbation increased the amounts of microbial specie and influenced the contribution of the core microbiota to the metabolome. Specifically, inoculated synthetic microbiota (MQB) enhanced the abundance of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while Bacillus licheniformis (MQH) increased the abundance of the two Aspergillus species and four species level of lactic acid bacteria. These changes of the microbial profiles significantly increased the potentials of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of ester compounds. Consequently, both patterns significantly increased the content of volatile compounds and free amino acids, which were 27.61% and 21.57% (MQB), as well as 15.14% and 17.83% (MQH), respectively. In addition, the contents of lactic acid in MQB and MQH decreased by 65.42% and 42.99%, respectively, closely related to the up- or down-regulation of the expression of their corresponding functional enzyme genes. These results suggested that bioturbation drove the assembly of the core microbiota, rather than becoming critical functional species. Overall, our study provides new insights into the functional role of exogenous isolates in the Daqu microecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646699, China
| | - Suyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646699, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646699, China
| | - Qianglin Pan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646699, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646699, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646699, China
| | - Mengyang Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646699, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Manufacturing, Luzhou 646000, China; College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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16
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Li S, Chen M, Wang Z, Abudourexiti W, Zhang L, Ding C, Ding L, Gong J. Ant may well destroy a whole dam: glycans of colonic mucus barrier disintegrated by gut bacteria. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127599. [PMID: 38219635 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The colonic mucus layer plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the colonic mucosal barrier, serving as the primary defense against colonic microorganisms. Predominantly composed of mucin 2 (MUC2), a glycosylation-rich protein, the mucus layer forms a gel-like coating that covers the colonic epithelium surface. This layer provides a habitat for intestinal microorganisms, which can utilize mucin glycans present in the mucus layer as a sustainable source of nutrients. Additionally, metabolites produced by the microbiota during the metabolism of mucus glycans have a profound impact on host health. Under normal conditions, the production and consumption of mucus maintain a dynamic balance. However, several studies have demonstrated that certain factors, such as dietary fiber deficiency, can enhance the metabolism of mucus glycans by gut bacteria, thereby disturbing this balance and weakening the mucus barrier function of the mucus layer. To better understand the occurrence and development of colon-related diseases, it is crucial to investigate the complex metabolic patterns of mucus glycosylation by intestinal microorganisms. Our objective was to comprehensively review these patterns in order to clarify the effects of mucus layer glycan metabolism by intestinal microorganisms on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingfei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waresi Abudourexiti
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Yano N, Kondo T, Kusaka K, Arakawa T, Sakamoto T, Fushinobu S. Charge neutralization and β-elimination cleavage mechanism of family 42 L-rhamnose-α-1,4-D-glucuronate lyase revealed using neutron crystallography. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105774. [PMID: 38382672 PMCID: PMC10951650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gum arabic (GA) is widely used as an emulsion stabilizer and edible coating and consists of a complex carbohydrate moiety with a rhamnosyl-glucuronate group capping the non-reducing ends. Enzymes that can specifically cleave the glycosidic chains of GA and modify their properties are valuable for structural analysis and industrial application. Cryogenic X-ray crystal structure of GA-specific L-rhamnose-α-1,4-D-glucuronate lyase from Fusarium oxysporum (FoRham1), belonging to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 42, has been previously reported. To determine the specific reaction mechanism based on its hydrogen-containing enzyme structure, we performed joint X-ray/neutron crystallography of FoRham1. Large crystals were grown in the presence of L-rhamnose (a reaction product), and neutron and X-ray diffraction datasets were collected at room temperature at 1.80 and 1.25 Å resolutions, respectively. The active site contained L-rhamnose and acetate, the latter being a partial analog of glucuronate. Incomplete H/D exchange between Arg166 and acetate suggested that a strong salt-bridge interaction was maintained. Doubly deuterated His105 and deuterated Tyr150 supported the interaction between Arg166 and the acetate. The unique hydrogen-rich environment functions as a charge neutralizer for glucuronate and stabilizes the oxyanion intermediate. The NE2 atom of His85 was deprotonated and formed a hydrogen bond with the deuterated O1 hydroxy of L-rhamnose, indicating the function of His85 as the base/acid catalyst for bond cleavage via β-elimination. Asp83 functions as a pivot between the two catalytic histidine residues by bridging them. This His-His-Asp structural motif is conserved in the PL 24, 25, and 42 families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomine Yano
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kondo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kusaka
- Neutron Industrial Application Promotion Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Fagundes RR, Belt SC, Bakker BM, Dijkstra G, Harmsen HJM, Faber KN. Beyond butyrate: microbial fiber metabolism supporting colonic epithelial homeostasis. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:178-189. [PMID: 37596118 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Human gut bacteria produce metabolites that support energy and carbon metabolism of colonic epithelial cells. While butyrate is commonly considered the primary fuel, it alone cannot meet all the carbon requirements for cellular synthetic functions. Glucose, delivered via circulation or microbial metabolism, serves as a universal carbon source for synthetic processes like DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid production. Detailed knowledge of epithelial carbon and energy metabolism is particularly relevant for epithelial regeneration in digestive and metabolic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and type 2 diabetes. Here, we review the production and role of different colonic microbial metabolites in energy and carbon metabolism of colonocytes, also critically evaluating the common perception that butyrate is the preferred fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael R Fagundes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C Belt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Freeman EC, Emilson EJS, Dittmar T, Braga LPP, Emilson CE, Goldhammer T, Martineau C, Singer G, Tanentzap AJ. Universal microbial reworking of dissolved organic matter along environmental gradients. Nat Commun 2024; 15:187. [PMID: 38168076 PMCID: PMC10762207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soils are losing increasing amounts of carbon annually to freshwaters as dissolved organic matter (DOM), which, if degraded, can offset their carbon sink capacity. However, the processes underlying DOM degradation across environments are poorly understood. Here we show DOM changes similarly along soil-aquatic gradients irrespective of environmental differences. Using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, we track DOM along soil depths and hillslope positions in forest catchments and relate its composition to soil microbiomes and physico-chemical conditions. Along depths and hillslopes, we find carbohydrate-like and unsaturated hydrocarbon-like compounds increase in abundance-weighted mass, and the expression of genes essential for degrading plant-derived carbohydrates explains >50% of the variation in abundance of these compounds. These results suggest that microbes transform plant-derived compounds, leaving DOM to become increasingly dominated by the same (i.e., universal), difficult-to-degrade compounds as degradation proceeds. By synthesising data from the land-to-ocean continuum, we suggest these processes generalise across ecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Such general degradation patterns can help predict DOM composition and reactivity along environmental gradients to inform management of soil-to-stream carbon losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Erik J S Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste, Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lucas P P Braga
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Caroline E Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste, Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Tobias Goldhammer
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm, 301, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Martineau
- Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Du P.E.P.S. Street, P.O. Box 10380, Québec, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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20
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Fraser ASC, Low KE, Tingley JP, Reintjes G, Thomas D, Brumer H, Abbott DW. SACCHARIS v2: Streamlining Prediction of Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Specificities Within Large Datasets. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2836:299-330. [PMID: 38995547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4007-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are chemically and structurally diverse, composed of a wide array of monosaccharides, stereochemical linkages, substituent groups, and intermolecular associations with other biological molecules. A large repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and enzymatic activities are required to form, dismantle, and metabolize these complex molecules. The software SACCHARIS (Sequence Analysis and Clustering of CarboHydrate Active enzymes for Rapid Informed prediction of Specificity) provides a rapid, easy-to-use pipeline for the prediction of potential CAZyme function in new datasets. We have updated SACCHARIS to (i) simplify its installation by re-writing in Python and packaging for Conda; (ii) enhance its usability through a new (optional) interactive GUI; and (iii) enable semi-automated annotation of phylogenetic tree output via a new R package or the commonly-used webserver iTOL. Significantly, SACCHARIS v2 has been developed with high-throughput omics in mind, with pipeline automation geared toward complex (meta)genome and (meta)transcriptome datasets to reveal the total CAZyme content ("CAZome") of an organism or community. Here, we outline the development and use of SACCHARIS v2 to discover and annotate CAZymes and provide insight into complex carbohydrate metabolisms in individual organisms and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S C Fraser
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristin E Low
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Greta Reintjes
- Microbial-Carbohydrate Interactions Group, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dallas Thomas
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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21
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Low KE, Tingley JP, Klassen L, King ML, Xing X, Watt C, Hoover SER, Gorzelak M, Abbott DW. Carbohydrate flow through agricultural ecosystems: Implications for synthesis and microbial conversion of carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108245. [PMID: 37652144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are chemically and structurally diverse biomolecules, serving numerous and varied roles in agricultural ecosystems. Crops and horticulture products are inherent sources of carbohydrates that are consumed by humans and non-human animals alike; however carbohydrates are also present in other agricultural materials, such as soil and compost, human and animal tissues, milk and dairy products, and honey. The biosynthesis, modification, and flow of carbohydrates within and between agricultural ecosystems is intimately related with microbial communities that colonize and thrive within these environments. Recent advances in -omics techniques have ushered in a new era for microbial ecology by illuminating the functional potential for carbohydrate metabolism encoded within microbial genomes, while agricultural glycomics is providing fresh perspective on carbohydrate-microbe interactions and how they influence the flow of functionalized carbon. Indeed, carbohydrates and carbohydrate-active enzymes are interventions with unrealized potential for improving carbon sequestration, soil fertility and stability, developing alternatives to antimicrobials, and circular production systems. In this manner, glycomics represents a new frontier for carbohydrate-based biotechnological solutions for agricultural systems facing escalating challenges, such as the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Leeann Klassen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Marissa L King
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Caitlin Watt
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shelley E R Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Gorzelak
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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22
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Chen SK, Wang X, Guo YQ, Song XX, Yin JY, Nie SP. Exploring the partial degradation of polysaccharides: Structure, mechanism, bioactivities, and perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4831-4870. [PMID: 37755239 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are promising biomolecules with lowtoxicity and diverse bioactivities in food processing and clinical drug development. However, an essential prerequisite for their applications is the fine structure characterization. Due to the complexity of polysaccharide structure, partial degradation is a powerful tool for fine structure analysis, which can effectively provide valid information on the structure of backbone and branching glycosidic fragments of complex polysaccharides. This review aims to conclude current methods of partial degradation employed for polysaccharide structural characterization, discuss the molecular mechanisms, and describe the molecular structure and solution properties of degraded polysaccharides. In addition, the effects of polysaccharide degradation on the conformational relationships between the molecular structure and bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities, are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the prospects and current challenges for the partial degradation of polysaccharides. This review will be of great value for the scientific elucidation of polysaccharide fine structures and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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23
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Zhang A, Cao Z, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Fu L, Li J, Liu T. Characterization of bifunctional alginate lyase Aly644 and antimicrobial activity of enzymatic hydrolysates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6845-6857. [PMID: 37698609 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
An alginate lyase gene aly644 encoding a member of polysaccharide lyase family 6 was obtained from a metagenome of Antarctic macroalgae-associated microbes. The gene was expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified using a Ni-NTA His Tag Kit. With sodium alginate as the substrate, recombinant Aly644 exhibited an optimum reaction temperature of 50°C and an optimum reaction pH of 7.0. The Vmax and Km values of Aly644 toward sodium alginate were 112.36 mg/mL·min and 16.75 mg/mL, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis showed that Aly644 was a bifunctional alginate lyase that hydrolyzed both polyguluronic acid and polymannuronic acid. The hydrolysis products of Aly644 with sodium alginate as the substrate were detected by thin-layer chromatography, and were mainly di- and trisaccharides. The oligosaccharides produced by degradation of sodium alginate by Aly644 inhibited the mycelial growth of the plant pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Fulvia fulva; the 50% maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were 297.45 and 452.89 mg/L, and the 90% maximal effective concentration (EC90) values were 1341.45 and 2693.83 mg/L, respectively. This highlights that Aly644 is a potential candidate enzyme for the industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides with low degree of polymerization. Enzyme-hydrolyzed alginate oligosaccharides could support the development of green agriculture as natural antimicrobial agents. KEY POINTS: • An alginate lyase was obtained from a metagenome of Antarctic macroalgae-associated microbes. • Aly644 is a bifunctional alginate lyase with excellent thermostability and pH stability. • The enzymatic hydrolysates of Aly644 directly inhibited Phytophthora capsici and Fulvia fulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Luying Zhao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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24
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Shu Z, Wang G, Liu F, Xu Y, Sun J, Hu Y, Dong H, Zhang J. Genome Sequencing-Based Mining and Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Vibrio alginolyticus S10 for Specific Production of Disaccharides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:564. [PMID: 37999388 PMCID: PMC10672080 DOI: 10.3390/md21110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides prepared by alginate lyases attracted great attention because of their desirable biological activities. However, the hydrolysis products are always a mixture of oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization, which increases the production cost because of the following purification procedures. In this study, an alginate lyase, Alg4755, with high product specificity was identified, heterologously expressed, and characterized from Vibrio alginolyticus S10, which was isolated from the intestine of sea cucumber. Alg4755 belonged to the PL7 family with two catalytic domains, which was composed of 583 amino acids. Enzymatic characterization results show that the optimal reaction temperature and pH of Alg4755 were 35 °C and 8.0, respectively. Furthermore, Alg4755 was identified to have high thermal and pH stability. Moreover, the final hydrolysis products of sodium alginate catalyzed by Alg4755 were mainly alginate disaccharides with a small amount of alginate trisaccharides. The results demonstrate that alginate lyase Alg4755 could have a broad application prospect because of its high product specificity and desirable catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200120, China;
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
| | - Gongming Wang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yingjiang Xu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
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25
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Yu C, Dong Q, Chen M, Zhao R, Zha L, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Zhang B, Ma A. The Effect of Mushroom Dietary Fiber on the Gut Microbiota and Related Health Benefits: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1028. [PMID: 37888284 PMCID: PMC10608147 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom dietary fiber is a type of bioactive macromolecule derived from the mycelia, fruiting bodies, or sclerotia of edible or medicinal fungi. The use of mushroom dietary fiber as a prebiotic has recently gained significant attention for providing health benefits to the host by promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms; therefore, mushroom dietary fiber has promising prospects for application in the functional food industry and in drug development. This review summarizes methods for the preparation and modification of mushroom dietary fiber, its degradation and metabolism in the intestine, its impact on the gut microbiota community, and the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); this review also systematically summarizes the beneficial effects of mushroom dietary fiber on host health. Overall, this review aims to provide theoretical guidance and a fresh perspective for the prebiotic application of mushroom dietary fiber in the development of new functional foods and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (C.Y.); (Q.D.); (M.C.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Qin Dong
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (C.Y.); (Q.D.); (M.C.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (C.Y.); (Q.D.); (M.C.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China;
| | - Lei Zha
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (C.Y.); (Q.D.); (M.C.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (C.Y.); (Q.D.); (M.C.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Mengke Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (C.Y.); (Q.D.); (M.C.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Baosheng Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (C.Y.); (Q.D.); (M.C.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Aimin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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26
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Cho ES, An CW, Bae SS, Chung D, Yu WJ, Kim JYH, Choi G, Kwon YM. Falsirhodobacter algicola sp. nov., a member of the Rhodobacteraceae isolated from the marine red algae Grateloupia sp. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37750753 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, pale yellow-pigmented, non-flagellated, motile, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium, designated strain PG104T, was isolated from red algae Grateloupia sp. collected from the coastal area of Pohang, Republic of Korea. Growth of strain PG104T was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.0) and in the presence of 0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5.0 %). The predominant fatty acids included C17 : 0, C18 : 0, 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and the major respiratory quinone was Q-10. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain PG104T formed a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Falsirhodobacter and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.1 and 96.6 % to Falsirhodobacter deserti W402T and Falsirhodobacter halotolerans JA744T, respectively. The complete genome of strain PG104T consisted of a single circular chromosome of approximately 2.8 Mbp with five plasmids. Based on polyphasic taxonomic data, strain PG104T represents a novel species in the genus Falsirhodobacter, for which the name Falsirhodobacter algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Falsirhodobacter algicola is PG104T (=KCTC 82230T=JCM 34380T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Cho
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo An
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Seob Bae
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Chung
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Jong Yu
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaoon Young Hwan Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace Choi
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kwon
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 Beon-gil, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
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27
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Hornung BVH, Terrapon N. An objective criterion to evaluate sequence-similarity networks helps in dividing the protein family sequence space. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010881. [PMID: 37585436 PMCID: PMC10461819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The deluge of genomic data raises various challenges for computational protein annotation. The definition of superfamilies, based on conserved folds, or of families, showing more recent homology signatures, allow a first categorization of the sequence space. However, for precise functional annotation or the identification of the unexplored parts within a family, a division into subfamilies is essential. As curators of an expert database, the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database (CAZy), we began, more than 15 years ago, to manually define subfamilies based on phylogeny reconstruction. However, facing the increasing amount of sequence and functional data, we required more scalable and reproducible methods. The recently popularized sequence similarity networks (SSNs), allows to cope with very large families and computation of many subfamily schemes. Still, the choice of the optimal SSN subfamily scheme only relies on expert knowledge so far, without any data-driven guidance from within the network. In this study, we therefore decided to investigate several network properties to determine a criterion which can be used by curators to evaluate the quality of subfamily assignments. The performance of the closeness centrality criterion, a network property to indicate the connectedness within the network, shows high similarity to the decisions of expert curators from eight distinct protein families. Closeness centrality also suggests that in some cases multiple levels of subfamilies could be possible, depending on the granularity of the research question, while it indicates when no subfamily emerged in some family evolution. We finally used closeness centrality to create subfamilies in four families of the CAZy database, providing a finer functional annotation and highlighting subfamilies without biochemically characterized members for potential future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7257 AFMB, Marseille, France
- INRAE, USC 1408 AFMB, Marseille, France
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28
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Takihara H, Okuda S. Glycan-related genes in human gut microbiota exhibit differential distribution and diversity in carbohydrate degradation and glycan synthesis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1137303. [PMID: 37398549 PMCID: PMC10311216 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1137303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between humans and the gut microbiome occur by supplying nutrients to gut epithelial cells via short-chain fatty acids obtained from dietary carbohydrates or mucins and activating immunity via mucins' degradation. The degradation of carbohydrates derived from food is an important function for organisms to obtain energy. However, since humans possess only 17 genes encoding carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, the gut microbiome is responsible for degrading plant-derived polysaccharides. Using the method for extracting glycan-related genes from the metagenomes constructed thus far, we calculated the distribution and abundance of different glycan-related genes in the healthy human gut metagenome. Glycan-related genes showed an abundance of 0.64-11.00, indicating large individual differences. However, the distribution of the classes of glycan-related genes was similar between the samples. In addition, the function of carbohydrate degradation was divided into three clusters, showing high diversity; however, the synthesis function was not divided, indicating low diversity. The substrates of enzymes for carbohydrate degradation between clusters were either plant-derived polysaccharides or biased toward degrading polysaccharides derived from other sources. These functional biases differ depending on the type of microorganism used. Based on these findings, we predicted that 1) diversity will be constant because the influence on the host by the transferase of gut bacteria is a function derived from the genome, and 2) diversity will be high because the influence on the host by the hydrolase of gut bacteria is affected by incoming dietary carbohydrates.
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Chettri D, Verma AK. Biological significance of carbohydrate active enzymes and searching their inhibitors for therapeutic applications. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108853. [PMID: 37235954 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are the most abundant and diverse group of biomolecules with a crucial role in all the biological processes. Their structural and functional diversity is not genetically encoded, but depends on Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) which carry out all catalytic activities in terms of synthesis, modification, and degradation. CAZymes comprise large families of enzymes with specific functions and are widely used for various commercial applications ranging from biofuel production to textile and food industries with impact on biorefineries. To understand the structure and functional mechanism of these CAZymes for their modification for industrial use, together with knowledge of therapeutic aspects of their dysfunction associated with various diseases, CAZyme inhibitors can be used as a valuable tool. In search for new inhibitors, the screening of various secondary metabolites using high-throughput techniques and rational design techniques have been explored. The inhibitors can thus help tune CAZymes and are emerging as a potential research interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India.
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Lu Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, Zuo X, Li X, Yuan H. Substance bioconversion, hydrolases activity, and metagenomic analysis to unravel the enhanced biomethanation of corn stover with urea-hydrothermal pretreatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 333:117466. [PMID: 36764181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Corn stover (CS) is a promising feedstock for producing biomethane, that can replace diminishing fossil fuels. However, the recalcitrant structure of CS resulted in low degradability in anaerobic digestion (AD). Numerous studies investigated the pretreatment of CS before AD, but the insight mechanism of biomethanation enhancement is not fully revealed. Therefore, this study advanced low-temperature urea-hydrothermal pretreatment of CS, and the biomethane production, substance bioconversion, hydrolase activity, and metagenomic analysis were conducted to unravel the intrinsic mechanisms of pretreatment for the enhanced biomethanation. The results showed that the pretreatment improved 11.5% of the specific surface area of CS, providing 111.5% higher total volatile fatty acids and 19.9% higher reducing sugars than the control, potentially enriching more anaerobic microorganisms. As a result, the pretreated CS achieved 19.1% higher biomethane yield, 9.1% higher volatile solid removal rate, and 3 days shorter digestion time. The mass balance and microbial community succession analysis indicated that the pretreatment reinforced the biomethane conversion from carbohydrate, which was attributed to the rapid enrichment of hydrolytic acidification bacteria (g__unclassified_o__Bacteroidales) (33.2%) and mixotrophic archaea (Methanosarcina) (72.3%). Meanwhile, the activity of cellulase and xylanase was enhanced up to 23.7% and 66.7%. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the combined pretreatment of CS promoted methanogenesis by enhancing various CAZymes secretion (such as oligosaccharide-degrading enzymes), and functional genes expression of hydrolytic, acidification and acetate-methane pathways at days 1-5. The study indicated that the combined pretreatment could influence microbial composition and function by changing the physicochemical properties of the CS, thereby improving methanogenic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yaya Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiujin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Hairong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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Li C, Hu Y, Li S, Yi X, Shao S, Yu W, Li E. Biological factors controlling starch digestibility in human digestive system. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Belair M, Restrepo-Leal JD, Praz C, Fontaine F, Rémond C, Fernandez O, Besaury L. Botryosphaeriaceae gene machinery: Correlation between diversity and virulence. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1010-1031. [PMID: 37142361 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The Botryosphaeriaceae family comprises numerous fungal pathogens capable of causing economically meaningful diseases in a wide range of crops. Many of its members can live as endophytes and turn into aggressive pathogens following the onset of environmental stress events. Their ability to cause disease may rely on the production of a broad set of effectors, such as cell wall-degrading enzymes, secondary metabolites, and peptidases. Here, we conducted comparative analyses of 41 genomes representing six Botryosphaeriaceae genera to provide insights into the genetic features linked to pathogenicity and virulence. We show that these Botryosphaeriaceae genomes possess a large diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes; 128 families) and peptidases (45 families). Botryosphaeria, Neofusicoccum, and Lasiodiplodia presented the highest number of genes encoding CAZymes involved in the degradation of the plant cell wall components. The genus Botryosphaeria also exhibited the highest abundance of secreted CAZymes and peptidases. Generally, the secondary metabolites gene cluster profile was consistent in the Botryosphaeriaceae family, except for Diplodia and Neoscytalidium. At the strain level, Neofusicoccum parvum NpBt67 stood out among all the Botryosphaeriaceae genomes, presenting a higher number of secretome constituents. In contrast, the Diplodia strains showed the lowest richness of the pathogenicity- and virulence-related genes, which may correlate with their low virulence reported in previous studies. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity and virulence in remarkable Botryosphaeriaceae species. Our results also support that Botryosphaeriaceae species could be used as an interesting biotechnological tool for lignocellulose fractionation and bioeconomy.
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Arumapperuma T, Li J, Hornung B, Soler NM, Goddard-Borger ED, Terrapon N, Williams SJ. A subfamily classification to choreograph the diverse activities within glycoside hydrolase family 31. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103038. [PMID: 36806678 PMCID: PMC10074150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme classification groups enzymes that breakdown, assemble, or decorate glycans into protein families based on sequence similarity. The glycoside hydrolases (GH) are arranged into over 170 enzyme families, with some being very large and exhibiting distinct activities/specificities towards diverse substrates. Family GH31 is a large family that contains more than 20,000 sequences with a wide taxonomic diversity. Less than 1% of GH31 members are biochemically characterized and exhibit many different activities that include glycosidases, lyases, and transglycosidases. This diversity of activities limits our ability to predict the activities and roles of GH31 family members in their host organism and our ability to exploit these enzymes for practical purposes. Here, we established a subfamily classification using sequence similarity networks that was further validated by a structural analysis. While sequence similarity networks provide a sequence-based separation, we obtained good segregation between activities among the subfamilies. Our subclassification consists of 20 subfamilies with sixteen subfamilies containing at least one characterized member and eleven subfamilies that are monofunctional based on the available data. We also report the biochemical characterization of a member of the large subfamily 2 (GH31_2) that lacked any characterized members: RaGH31 from Rhodoferax aquaticus is an α-glucosidase with activity on a range of disaccharides including sucrose, trehalose, maltose, and nigerose. Our subclassification provides improved predictive power for the vast majority of uncharacterized proteins in family GH31 and highlights the remaining sequence space that remains to be functionally explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimali Arumapperuma
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jinling Li
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bastian Hornung
- AFMB, UMR 7257 CNRS Aix-Marseille Univ., USC 1408 INRAE, Marseille, France
| | - Niccolay Madiedo Soler
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ethan D Goddard-Borger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- AFMB, UMR 7257 CNRS Aix-Marseille Univ., USC 1408 INRAE, Marseille, France
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Cloning, Expression and Characterization of an Alginate Lyase in Bacillus subtilis WB600. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further broaden the heterologous expression of alginate lyase from Vibrio alginolyticus in a Bacillus subtilis expression vector. A B. subtilis WB600/pP43NMK-alg62 strain was constructed. (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and Ni-affinity chromatography were performed to purify the enzyme. We then characterized the enzyme. Its molecular weight was 57.64 kDa, and it worked optimally at 30 °C with a pH of 8.0. Ca2+ markedly enhanced the enzymatic activity of Alg62 while Cu2+ and Ni2+ inhibited its activity. Alg62 had a wide range of substrate specificity, showing high activity toward sodium alginate and polyG. Following optimization of the fermentation process, the optimal conditions for the recombinant expression of Alg62 were as follows: temperature of 37 °C, pH of 7.0, medium consisting of glycerol 15 g/L, yeast powder 25 g/L and K+ 1.5 mmol/L. At these optimal conditions, enzyme activity reached 318.21 U/mL, which was 1.54 times higher than the initial enzyme activity.
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Zhao J, Hu Y, Qian C, Hussain M, Liu S, Zhang A, He R, Sun P. The Interaction between Mushroom Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota and Their Effect on Human Health: A Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010122. [PMID: 36671814 PMCID: PMC9856211 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecule extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation liquid of edible fungi. In recent years, the research on mushroom polysaccharides for alleviating metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers and other symptoms by changing the intestinal microenvironment has been increasing. Mushroom polysaccharides could promote human health by regulating gut microbiota, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, improving intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating lipid metabolism and activating specific signaling pathways. Notably, these biological activities are closely related to the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of the glycosidic bond of mushroom polysaccharide. This review aims to summarize the latest studies: (1) Regulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbiota; (2) The effect of mushroom polysaccharide structure on gut microbiota; (3) Metabolism of mushroom polysaccharides by gut microbiota; and (4) Effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbe-mediated diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of mushroom polysaccharides for regulating gut microbiota and gives a reference for developing and utilizing mushroom polysaccharides as promising prebiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rongjun He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
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Dai R, Ma X, Dingkao R, Huang C, La Y, Li X, Ma X, Wu X, Chu M, Guo X, Pei J, Yan P, Liang C. Effects of dietary crude protein levels in the concentrate supplement after grazing on rumen microbiota and metabolites by using metagenomics and metabolomics in Jersey-yak. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124917. [PMID: 37200912 PMCID: PMC10185794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The crude protein level in the diet will affect the fermentation parameters, microflora, and metabolites in the rumen of ruminants. It is of great significance to study the effect of crude protein levels in supplementary diet on microbial community and metabolites for improving animal growth performance. At present, the effects of crude protein level in supplementary diet on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial community, and metabolites of Jersey-Yak (JY) are still unclear. Methods The purpose of this experiment was to study the appropriate crude protein level in the diet of JY. The rumen fermentation indexes (volatile fatty acids and pH) were determined by supplementary diets with crude protein levels of 15.16 and 17.90%, respectively, and the microbial community and metabolites of JYs were analyzed by non-target metabonomics and metagenome sequencing technology, and the changes of rumen fermentation parameters, microbial flora, and metabolites in the three groups and their interactions were studied. Results and Discussion The crude protein level in the supplementary diet had significant effects on pH, valeric acid, and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). The protein level had no significant effect on the dominant microflora at the phylum level (p > 0.05), and all three groups were Bacteroides and Firmicutes. The results of metabolite analysis showed that the crude protein level of supplementary diet significantly affected the metabolic pathways such as Bile secretion and styrene degradation (p < 0.05), and there were different metabolites between the LP group and HP group, and these different metabolites were related to the dominant microbial to some extent. To sum up, in this experiment, the effects of crude protein level in supplementary diet on rumen microorganisms and metabolites of JY and their relationship were studied, which provided the theoretical basis for formulating a more scientific and reasonable supplementary diet in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Renqing Dingkao
- Animal Husbandry Station, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gannan, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Ping Yan,
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunnian Liang,
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Synergy of the Two Alginate Lyase Domains of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Vibrio sp. NC2 in Alginate Degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0155922. [PMID: 36394323 PMCID: PMC9746311 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01559-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases play a vital role in the degradation of alginate, an important marine carbon source. Alginate is a complex macromolecular substrate, and the synergy of alginate lyases is important for the alginate utilization by microbes and the application of alginate lyases in biotechnology. Although many studies have focused on the synergy between different alginate lyases, the synergy between two alginate lyase domains of one alginate lyase has not been reported. Here, we report the synergism between the two catalytic domains of a novel alginate lyase, AlyC6', from the marine alginate-degrading bacterium Vibrio sp. NC2. AlyC6' contains two PL7 catalytic domains (CD1 and CD2) that have no sequence similarity. While both CD1 and CD2 are endo-lyases with the highest activity at 30°C, pH 8.0, and 1.0 M NaCl, they also displayed some different properties. CD1 was PM-specific, but CD2 was PG-specific. Compared with CD2, CD1 had higher catalytic efficiency, but lower substrate affinity. In addition, CD1 had a smaller minimal substrate than CD2, and the products from CD2 could be further degraded by CD1. These distinctions between the two domains enable them to synergize intramolecularly in alginate degradation, resulting in efficient and complete degradation of various alginate substrates. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that diverse alginate lyases have multiple catalytic domains, which are widespread, especially abundant in Flavobacteriaceae and Alteromonadales, which may secret multimodular alginate lyases for alginate degradation. This study provides new insight into bacterial alginate lyases and alginate degradation and is helpful for designing multimodular enzymes for efficient alginate depolymerization. IMPORTANCE Alginate is a major component in the cell walls of brown algae. Alginate degradation is carried out by alginate lyases. Until now, while most characterized alginate lyases contain one single catalytic domain, only a few have been shown to contain two catalytic domains. Furthermore, the synergy of alginate lyases has attracted increasing attention since it plays important roles in microbial alginate utilization and biotechnological applications. Although many studies have focused on the synergy between different alginate lyases, the synergy between two catalytic domains of one alginate lyase has not been reported. Here, a novel alginate lyase, AlyC6', with two functional alginate lyase domains was biochemically characterized. Moreover, the synergism between the two domains of AlyC6' was revealed. Additionally, the distribution of the alginate lyases with multiple alginate lyase domains was investigated based on the bioinformatics analysis. This study provides new insight into bacterial alginate lyases and alginate degradation.
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Cohen Y, Borenstein E. The microbiome's fiber degradation profile and its relationship with the host diet. BMC Biol 2022; 20:266. [PMID: 36464700 PMCID: PMC9721016 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the gut microbiome and diet has been the focus of numerous recent studies. Such studies aim to characterize the impact of diet on the composition of the microbiome, as well as the microbiome's ability to utilize various compounds in the diet and produce metabolites that may be beneficial for the host. Consumption of dietary fibers (DFs)-polysaccharides that cannot be broken down by the host's endogenous enzymes and are degraded primarily by members of the microbiome-is known to have a profound effect on the microbiome. Yet, a comprehensive characterization of microbiome compositional and functional shifts in response to the consumption of specific DFs is still lacking. RESULTS Here, we introduce a computational framework, coupling metagenomic sequencing with careful annotation of polysaccharide degrading enzymes and DF structures, for inferring the metabolic ability of a given microbiome sample to utilize a broad catalog of DFs. We demonstrate that the inferred fiber degradation profile (IFDP) generated by our framework accurately reflects the dietary habits of various hosts across four independent datasets. We further demonstrate that IFDPs are more tightly linked to the host diet than commonly used taxonomic and functional microbiome-based profiles. Finally, applying our framework to a set of ~700 metagenomes that represents large human population cohorts from 9 different countries, we highlight intriguing global patterns linking DF consumption habits with microbiome capacities. CONCLUSIONS Combined, our findings serve as a proof-of-concept for the use of DF-specific analysis for providing important complementary information for better understanding the relationship between dietary habits and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Cohen
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elhanan Borenstein
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.209665.e0000 0001 1941 1940Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM USA
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Li W, Li H, Wang S, Han K, Liu Y, An Z, Wu H, Li J, Song J, Wu W. Regional pattern and signatures of gut microbiota in rural residents with coronary heart disease: A metagenomic analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1007161. [PMID: 36519129 PMCID: PMC9742380 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1007161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is tightly associated with gut microbiota, but microbiota heterogeneity limits the application of microbial biomarkers and personalized interventions demand regional-specific features. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively characterize the regional pattern of gut microbiota in rural residents with CHD and assess the predictive value and clinical correlations of local microbial signatures. We profiled the gut microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing from 19 CHD and 19 healthy residents in rural Xinxiang, China, and tested the physiological parameters. The results indicated that microbial diversity, as well as KEGG orthology (KO) and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) functions, deserved no significant disparities between CHD and healthy residents. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly lower and unclassified Lachnospiraceae genus, and Eubacterium rectale species were markedly higher in CHD residents compared with the healthy control. Co-occurrence network revealed a more diverse and scattered ecology in CHD residents. LEfSe identified 39 potential biomarkers and butanoate metabolism and glycosyltransferases families were the enhanced KO and CAZymes in CHD residents, respectively. Twenty key signatures were determined by the random forest algorithm and most of them belonged to the Clostridium cluster. These key signatures harbored a superior accuracy of 83.9% to distinguish CHD and healthy residents and, fasting serum insulin, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index were the top three clinical parameters influencing the gut bacterial community. Furthermore, we also found that low-density lipoprotein and waist circumference had significantly positive correlations with the members of the Clostridium cluster. These findings expand our knowledge in the regional-specific pattern of gut microbiota for rural CHD residents and highlight the non-invasive diagnostic value and clinical correlations of microbial signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shaolan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Keyang Han
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Weidong Wu,
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Comparative Genomic Analysis of Carbofuran-Degrading Sphingomonads Reveals the Carbofuran Catabolism Mechanism in
Sphingobium
sp. Strain CFD-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0102422. [PMID: 36314801 PMCID: PMC9680625 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01024-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the extensive use of carbofuran over the past 50 years, bacteria have evolved catabolic pathways to mineralize this insecticide, which plays an important role in eliminating carbofuran residue in the environment. In this study, the
cfd
gene cluster, responsible for the catabolism of carbofuran phenol, was predicted by comparing sphingomonad genomes.
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Cao S, Li C. Influence of Resistant Starch in Whole Rice on Human Gut Microbiota─From Correlation Implications to Possible Causal Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12760-12771. [PMID: 36190451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the main staple food for a large population around the world, while it generally has a high glycemic index and low resistant starch (RS) content. Although many strategies have been applied to develop healthier rice products with increased RS contents, their actual effects on gut microbiota and human health remain elusive. In this review, currently available production methods of rice RS are briefly summarized, followed by a critical discussion on their interactions with gut microbiota and subsequent effects on human health, from correlation implications to causal mechanisms. Different contents, types, and structures of RS have been produced by strategies such as genetic manipulation and controlling cooking conditions. The difference can largely determine effects of rice RS on gut microbiota composition and metabolites by specific RS-gut microbiota interactions. This review can thus help the rice industry develop rice products with desirable RS contents and structures to generally improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbin Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
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Dobruchowska JM, Bjornsdottir B, Fridjonsson OH, Altenbuchner J, Watzlawick H, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L, Kamerling JP, Hreggvidsson GO. Enzymatic depolymerization of alginate by two novel thermostable alginate lyases from Rhodothermus marinus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:981602. [PMID: 36204061 PMCID: PMC9530828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alginate (alginic acid) is a linear polysaccharide, wherein (1→4)-linked β-D-mannuronic acid and its C5 epimer, α-L-guluronic acid, are arranged in varying sequences. Alginate lyases catalyze the depolymerization of alginate, thereby cleaving the (1→4) glycosidic linkages between the monomers by a β-elimination mechanism, to yield unsaturated 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid (Δ) at the non-reducing end of resulting oligosaccharides (α-L-erythro configuration) or, depending on the enzyme, the unsaturated monosaccharide itself. In solution, the released free unsaturated monomer product is further hydrated in a spontaneous (keto-enol tautomerization) process to form two cyclic stereoisomers. In this study, two alginate lyase genes, designated alyRm3 and alyRm4, from the marine thermophilic bacterium Rhodothermus marinus (strain MAT378), were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzymes were characterized, and their substrate specificity and product structures determined. AlyRm3 (PL39) and AlyRm4 (PL17) are among the most thermophilic and thermostable alginate lyases described to date with temperature optimum of activity at ∼75 and 81°C, respectively. The pH optimum of activity of AlyRm3 is ∼5.5 and AlyRm4 at pH 6.5. Detailed NMR analysis of the incubation products demonstrated that AlyRm3 is an endolytic lyase, while AlyRm4 is an exolytic lyase, cleaving monomers from the non-reducing end of oligo/poly-alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M. Dobruchowska
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Josef Altenbuchner
- Institute for Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Gerrit J. Gerwig
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gudmundur O. Hreggvidsson
- Matís Ltd., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Shen Q, Tang J, Sun H, Yao X, Wu Y, Wang X, Ye S. Straw waste promotes microbial functional diversity and lignocellulose degradation during the aerobic process of pig manure in an ectopic fermentation system via metagenomic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155637. [PMID: 35513151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the physicochemical properties, lignocellulose degradation, microbial community composition, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in ectopic fermentation systems (EFS) of pig manure mixed with either conventional padding (C) or straw waste (A). The degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were found to be significantly higher in A (27.72%, 22.72%, and 18.80%, respectively) than in C (21.05%, 16.17%, and 11.69%, respectively) owing to the activities of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Metagenomics revealed that straw addition had a stronger effect on the bacterial community succession than fungi. The abundances of Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, and CAZymes were higher in A than in C, as well as the auxiliary activity enzymes, which are crucial for lignocellulose degradation. Redundancy analysis indicates a positive correlation between lignocellulose degradation and Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Actinobacteria contents. A structural equation model was applied to further verify that the increased microbial functional diversity was the primary driver of lignocellulosic degradation, which could be effectively regulated by the enhanced temperature with straw addition. Replacing traditional padding with straw can thus accelerate lignocellulosic degradation, promote microbial functional diversity, and improve the EFS efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiangwu Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yifei Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shihao Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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YÜCEL H, EKİNCİ K. Carbohydrate active enzyme system in rumen fungi: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2022. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1075030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis and dehydration reactions of carbohydrates, which are used as energy raw materials by all living things in nature, are controlled by Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZy) systems. These enzymes are also used in different industrial areas today. There are different types of microorganisms that have the CAZy system and are used in the industrial sector. Apart from current organisms, there are also rumen fungi within the group of candidate microorganisms with the CAZy system. It has been reported that xylanase (EC3.2.1.8 and EC3.2.1.37) enzyme, a member of the glycoside hydrolase enzyme family obtained from Trichoderma sp. and used especially in areas such as bread, paper, and feed industry, is more synthesized in rumen fungi such as Orpinomyces sp. and Neocallimastix sp. Therefore, this study reviews Neocallimastixsp., Orpinomyces sp., Caecomyces sp., Piromyces sp., and Anaeromyces sp., registered in the CAZy and Mycocosm database for rumen fungi to have both CAZy enzyme activity and to be an alternative microorganism in the industry. Furthermore the CAZy enzyme activities of the strains are investigated. The review shows thatNeocallimax sp. and Orpinomyces sp. areconsidered as candidate microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halit YÜCEL
- KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ
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Wang J, Liu Z, Pan X, Wang N, Li L, Du Y, Li J, Li M. Structural and Biochemical Analysis Reveals Catalytic Mechanism of Fucoidan Lyase from Flavobacterium sp. SA-0082. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080533. [PMID: 36005536 PMCID: PMC9410043 DOI: 10.3390/md20080533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans represent a type of polyanionic fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) that are cleaved by fucoidan-degrading enzymes, producing low-molecular-weight fucoidans with multiple biological activities suitable for pharmacological use. Most of the reported fucoidan-degrading enzymes are glycoside hydrolases, which have been well studied for their structures and catalytic mechanisms. Little is known, however, about the rarer fucoidan lyases, primarily due to the lack of structural information. FdlA from Flavobacterium sp. SA-0082 is an endo-type fucoidan-degrading enzyme that cleaves the sulfated fuco-glucuronomannan (SFGM) through a lytic mechanism. Here, we report nine crystal structures of the catalytic N-terminal domain of FdlA (FdlA-NTD), in both its wild type (WT) and mutant forms, at resolutions ranging from 1.30 to 2.25 Å. We show that the FdlA-NTD adopts a right-handed parallel β-helix fold, and possesses a substrate binding site composed of a long groove and a unique alkaline pocket. Our structural, biochemical, and enzymological analyses strongly suggest that FdlA-NTD utilizes catalytic residues different from other β-helix polysaccharide lyases, potentially representing a novel polysaccharide lyase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zebin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.L.)
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46
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Sharma A, Sharma N, Gupta D, Lee HJ, Park YS. Comparative genome analysis of four Leuconostoc strains with a focus on carbohydrate-active enzymes and oligosaccharide utilization pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4771-4785. [PMID: 36147676 PMCID: PMC9465122 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic analysis of four Leuconostoc strains was performed. Leuconostoc spp. shared genomic similarity, but their genetic content differed. Leuconostoc spp. showed different genes encoding CAZymes. Oligosaccharide’s utilization and folate biosynthesis pathways were investigated.
Leuconostoc is mostly found in food, plants, and dairy products. Due to their innate genomic features, such as the presence of carbohydrate-active enzymes, bacteriocins, and plasmids, Leuconostoc spp. have great biotechnological potential. In this study, four strains were isolated and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides SG315 (LA), L. citreum SG255 (LB), L. lactis CCK940 (LC), and L. lactis SBC001 (LD). Comparative analysis was performed using their draft genome sequences. Differences among the four strains were analyzed using the average nucleotide identity, dot plot, and multiple alignments of conserved genomic sequences. Functional profiling revealed 2134, 1917, 1751, and 1816 open reading frames; 2023, 1823, 1655, and 1699 protein-coding genes; 60, 57, 83, and 82 RNA-coding genes; and GC content of 37.5 %, 38.8 %, 43.3 %, and 43.2 %, in LA, LB, LC, and LD, respectively. The total number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes was 76 (LA), 73 (LB), 57 (LC), and 67 (LD). These results indicate that the four strains shared a large number of genes, but their gene content is different. Furthermore, most genes with unknown functions were observed in the prophage regions of the genome. This study also elucidated the oligosaccharide utilization and folate biosynthesis pathways in Leuconostoc spp. Taken together, our findings provide useful information on the genomic diversity of CAZymes in the four Leuconostoc strains and suggest that these species could be used for potent exploitation.
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47
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Zhong T, Wang C, Wang X, Freitas-de-Melo A, Zeng B, Zhao Q, Zhan S, Wang L, Cao J, Dai D, Guo J, Li L, Zhang H, Niu L. Early Weaning and Milk Substitutes Affect the Gut Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Antibody Profile in Goat Kids Suffering From Diarrhea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:904475. [PMID: 35801115 PMCID: PMC9253616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weaning and milk substitutes increase the incidence of diarrhea in young ruminants, which may modify their gut microbiota, metabolism, immunity, and health. The aim of the study was to determine if early weaning and milk substitutes affect the gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunological status of goat kids suffering from diarrhea. The 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing in feces and serum metabolomics of early-weaned and artificially reared goat kids suffering from diarrhea (DK group) and healthy goat kids reared by their mothers (HK group) were analyzed. The serum biochemistry and immunoglobulin concentration were also determined. Several probiotics, such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, were higher in the feces of the DK group than in feces of the HK group. Ruminococcus sp. was elevated in the feces of HKs, likely being a biomarker for goat health. Taking all the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families into consideration, 20 CAZyme families were different between the groups. Compared with the DK group, the relative quantity of glycoside hydrolases (GH) and glycosyltransferase (GT) families in the HK group decreased. GT70 was only identified in HK kids participating in the activity of β-glucuronosyltransferase during the carbohydrate metabolism. Overall, 24 metabolites were different between the groups, which were mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism. The concentrations of immunoglobulins G and M were significantly lower in the DK than in the HK group. In conclusion, our study characterized the fecal microbiota, metabolism, and immunological status of early-weaned and artificially reared goat kids suffering from diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aline Freitas-de-Melo
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianjun Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dinghui Dai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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48
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Rhamnogalacturonan Endolyase Family 4 Enzymes: An Update on Their Importance in the Fruit Ripening Process. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a process that produces fruit with top sensory qualities that are ideal for consumption. For the plant, the final objective is seed dispersal. One of the fruit characteristics observed by consumers is texture, which is related to the ripening and softening of the fruit. Controlled and orchestrated events occur to regulate the expression of genes involved in disassembling and solubilizing the cell wall. Studies have shown that changes in pectins are closely related to the loss of firmness and fruit softening. For this reason, studying the mechanisms and enzymes that act on pectins could help to elucidate the molecular events that occur in the fruit. This paper provides a review of the enzyme rhamnogalacturonan endolyase (RGL; EC 4.2.2.23), which is responsible for cleavage of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I (RGL-I) between rhamnose (Rha) and galacturonic acid (GalA) through the mechanism of β-elimination during fruit ripening. RGL promotes the loosening and weakening of the cell wall and exposes the backbone of the polysaccharide to the action of other enzymes. Investigations into RGL and its relationship with fruit ripening have reliably demonstrated that this enzyme has an important role in this process.
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Ameri R, García JL, Derenfed AB, Pradel N, Neifar S, Mhiri S, Mezghanni M, Jaouadi NZ, Barriuso J, Bejar S. Genome sequence and Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) repertoire of the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1 T. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:91. [PMID: 35598016 PMCID: PMC9124407 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omics approaches are widely applied in the field of biology for the discovery of potential CAZymes including whole genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify protein encoding genes including CAZymes in order to understand glycans-degrading machinery in the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T strain. Results Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, which grows between the temperatures of 55 °C and 75 °C. Next generation sequencing using Illumina technology was performed on the C. algeriensis strain resulting in 45 contigs with an average GC content of 44.9% and a total length of 2,535,023 bp. Genome annotation reveals 2425 protein-coding genes with 97 ORFs coding CAZymes. Many glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and glycosyltransferases genes were found linked to genes encoding oligosaccharide transporters and transcriptional regulators; suggesting that CAZyme encoding genes are organized in clusters involved in polysaccharides degradation and transport. In depth analysis of CAZomes content in C. algeriensis genome unveiled 33 CAZyme gene clusters uncovering new enzyme combinations targeting specific substrates. Conclusions This study is the first targeting CAZymes repertoire of C. algeriensis, it provides insight to the high potential of identified enzymes for plant biomass degradation and their biotechnological applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01818-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Ameri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - José Luis García
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IBISBA_ES_CSIC_Cell Factory_MM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amel Bouanane Derenfed
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (Équipe de Microbiologie), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiènne, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Sawssan Neifar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Mhiri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Monia Mezghanni
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IBISBA_ES_CSIC_Cell Factory_MM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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50
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Bachy C, Wittmers F, Muschiol J, Hamilton M, Henrissat B, Worden AZ. The Land-Sea Connection: Insights Into the Plant Lineage from a Green Algal Perspective. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:585-616. [PMID: 35259927 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071921-100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The colonization of land by plants generated opportunities for the rise of new heterotrophic life forms, including humankind. A unique event underpinned this massive change to earth ecosystems-the advent of eukaryotic green algae. Today, an abundant marine green algal group, the prasinophytes, alongside prasinodermophytes and nonmarine chlorophyte algae, is facilitating insights into plant developments. Genome-level data allow identification of conserved proteins and protein families with extensive modifications, losses, or gains and expansion patterns that connect to niche specialization and diversification. Here, we contextualize attributes according to Viridiplantae evolutionary relationships, starting with orthologous protein families, and then focusing on key elements with marked differentiation, resulting in patchy distributions across green algae and plants. We place attention on peptidoglycan biosynthesis, important for plastid division and walls; phytochrome photosensors that are master regulators in plants; and carbohydrate-active enzymes, essential to all manner of carbohydratebiotransformations. Together with advances in algal model systems, these areas are ripe for discovering molecular roles and innovations within and across plant and algal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bachy
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Wittmers
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Muschiol
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Hamilton
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Z Worden
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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