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He X, Zhang S, Dang D, Lin T, Ge Y, Chen X, Fan J. Detection of human annexin A1 as the novel N-terminal tag for separation and purification handle. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:2. [PMID: 36604649 PMCID: PMC9817314 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several fusion tags for separation handle have been developed, but the fused tag for simply and cheaply separating the target protein is still lacking. RESULTS Separation conditions for the human annexin A1 (hanA1) tagged emerald green fluorescent protein (EmGFP) in Escherichia coli were optimized via precipitation with calcium chloride (CaCl2) and resolubilization with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-Na2). The HanA1-EmGFP absorbing with other three affinity matrix was detected, only it was strongly bound to heparin Sepharose. The separation efficiency of the HanA1-EmGFP was comparable with purification efficiency of the His6-tagged HanA1-EmGFP via metal ion affinity chromatography. Three fluorescent proteins for the EmGFP, mCherry red fluorescent protein and flavin-binding cyan-green fluorescent protein LOV from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were used for naked-eye detection of the separation and purification processes, and two colored proteins including a red protein for a Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (Vhb), and a brown protein for maize sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase (mSF) were used for visualizing the separation process. The added EDTA-Na2 disrupted the Fe-S cluster in the mSF, but it showed little impact on heme in Vhb. CONCLUSIONS The selected five colored proteins were efficient for detecting the applicability of the highly selective hanA1 for fusion separation and purification handle. The fused hanA1 tag will be potentially used for simple and cheap affinity separation of the target proteins in industry and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei He
- grid.460134.40000 0004 1757 393XCollege of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, 237012 People’s Republic of China ,grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Science, Anhui, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuncheng Zhang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Science, Anhui, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongya Dang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Science, Anhui, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Lin
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Science, Anhui, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Science, Anhui, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Science, Anhui, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Fan
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Science, Anhui, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
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Zandalinas SI, Song L, Sengupta S, McInturf SA, Grant DG, Marjault HB, Castro-Guerrero NA, Burks D, Azad RK, Mendoza-Cozatl DG, Nechushtai R, Mittler R. Expression of a dominant-negative AtNEET-H89C protein disrupts iron-sulfur metabolism and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1152-1169. [PMID: 31642128 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters play an essential role in plants as protein cofactors mediating diverse electron transfer reactions. Because they can react with oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflict cellular damage, the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters is highly regulated. A recently discovered group of 2Fe-2S proteins, termed NEET proteins, was proposed to coordinate Fe-S, Fe and ROS homeostasis in mammalian cells. Here we report that disrupting the function of AtNEET, the sole member of the NEET protein family in Arabidopsis thaliana, triggers leaf-associated Fe-S- and Fe-deficiency responses, elevated Fe content in chloroplasts (1.2-1.5-fold), chlorosis, structural damage to chloroplasts and a high seedling mortality rate. Our findings suggest that disrupting AtNEET function disrupts the transfer of 2Fe-2S clusters from the chloroplastic 2Fe-2S biogenesis pathway to different cytosolic and chloroplastic Fe-S proteins, as well as to the cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis system, and that uncoupling this process triggers leaf-associated Fe-S- and Fe-deficiency responses that result in Fe over-accumulation in chloroplasts and enhanced ROS accumulation. We further show that AtNEET transfers its 2Fe-2S clusters to DRE2, a key protein of the cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis system, and propose that the availability of 2Fe-2S clusters in the chloroplast and cytosol is linked to Fe homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Luhua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Samuel A McInturf
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - DeAna G Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, W136 Veterinary Medicine Building 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Henri-Baptiste Marjault
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Norma A Castro-Guerrero
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - David Burks
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - David G Mendoza-Cozatl
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Przybyla-Toscano J, Roland M, Gaymard F, Couturier J, Rouhier N. Roles and maturation of iron-sulfur proteins in plastids. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:545-566. [PMID: 29349662 PMCID: PMC6006212 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One reason why iron is an essential element for most organisms is its presence in prosthetic groups such as hemes or iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters, which are notably required for electron transfer reactions. As an organelle with an intense metabolism in plants, chloroplast relies on many Fe–S proteins. This includes those present in the electron transfer chain which will be, in fact, essential for most other metabolic processes occurring in chloroplasts, e.g., carbon fixation, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation, pigment, amino acid, and vitamin biosynthetic pathways to cite only a few examples. The maturation of these Fe–S proteins requires a complex and specific machinery named SUF (sulfur mobilisation). The assembly process can be split in two major steps, (1) the de novo assembly on scaffold proteins which requires ATP, iron and sulfur atoms, electrons, and thus the concerted action of several proteins forming early acting assembly complexes, and (2) the transfer of the preformed Fe–S cluster to client proteins using a set of late-acting maturation factors. Similar machineries, having in common these basic principles, are present in the cytosol and in mitochondria. This review focuses on the currently known molecular details concerning the assembly and roles of Fe–S proteins in plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Przybyla-Toscano
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie Roland
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS/INRA/Université Montpellier 2, SupAgro Campus, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Couturier
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Lu Y. Assembly and Transfer of Iron-Sulfur Clusters in the Plastid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 29662496 PMCID: PMC5890173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and proteins are essential to many growth and developmental processes. In plants, they exist in the plastids, mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus. Six types of Fe-S clusters are found in the plastid: classic 2Fe-2S, NEET-type 2Fe-2S, Rieske-type 2Fe-2S, 3Fe-4S, 4Fe-4S, and siroheme 4Fe-4S. Classic, NEET-type, and Rieske-type 2Fe-2S clusters have the same 2Fe-2S core; similarly, common and siroheme 4Fe-4S clusters have the same 4Fe-4S core. Plastidial Fe-S clusters are assembled by the sulfur mobilization (SUF) pathway, which contains cysteine desulfurase (EC 2.8.1.7), sulfur transferase (EC 2.8.1.3), Fe-S scaffold complex, and Fe-S carrier proteins. The plastidial cysteine desulfurase-sulfur transferase-Fe-S-scaffold complex system is responsible for de novo assembly of all plastidial Fe-S clusters. However, different types of Fe-S clusters are transferred to recipient proteins via respective Fe-S carrier proteins. This review focuses on recent discoveries on the molecular functions of different assembly and transfer factors involved in the plastidial SUF pathway. It also discusses potential points for regulation of the SUF pathway, relationships among the plastidial, mitochondrial, and cytosolic Fe-S assembly and transfer pathways, as well as several open questions about the carrier proteins for Rieske-type 2Fe-2S, NEET-type 2Fe-2S, and 3F-4S clusters.
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Hu X, Page MT, Sumida A, Tanaka A, Terry MJ, Tanaka R. The iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis protein SUFB is required for chlorophyll synthesis, but not phytochrome signaling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:1184-1194. [PMID: 28004871 PMCID: PMC5347852 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins that contain iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters play pivotal roles in various metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and redox metabolism. Among the proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Fe-S clusters in plants, the SUFB subunit of the SUFBCD complex appears to be unique because SUFB has been reported to be involved in chlorophyll metabolism and phytochrome-mediated signaling. To gain insights into the function of the SUFB protein, we analyzed the phenotypes of two SUFB mutants, laf6 and hmc1, and RNA interference (RNAi) lines with reduced SUFB expression. When grown in the light, the laf6 and hmc1 mutants and the SUFB RNAi lines accumulated higher levels of the chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediate Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester (Mg-proto MME), consistent with the impairment of Mg-proto MME cyclase activity. Both SUFC- and SUFD-deficient RNAi lines accumulated the same intermediate, suggesting that inhibition of Fe-S cluster synthesis is the primary cause of this impairment. Dark-grown laf6 seedlings also showed an increase in protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-proto, Mg-proto MME and 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a (DV-Pchlide) levels, but this was not observed in hmc1 or the SUFB RNAi lines, nor was it complemented by SUFB overexpression. In addition, the long hypocotyl in far-red light phenotype of the laf6 mutant could not be rescued by SUFB overexpression and segregated from the pale-green SUFB-deficient phenotype, indicating it is not caused by mutation at the SUFB locus. These results demonstrate that biosynthesis of Fe-S clusters is important for chlorophyll biosynthesis, but that the laf6 phenotype is not due to a SUFB mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Hu
- Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐0819Japan
- School of Life Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang621010China
| | - Mike T. Page
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Akihiro Sumida
- Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐0819Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐0819Japan
| | - Matthew J. Terry
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐0819Japan
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Garai S, Tripathy BC. Alleviation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Deficiency and Enhancement of Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by Overexpression of Uroporphyrinogen III Methyltransferase ( UPM1). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2265. [PMID: 29472934 PMCID: PMC5810253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Siroheme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole, is the prosthetic group of nitrite reductase (NiR) and sulfite reductase (SiR); it is synthesized from uroporphyrinogen III, an intermediate of chlorophyll biosynthesis, and is required for nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation. Further, uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase (UPM1), responsible for two methylation reactions to form dihydrosirohydrochlorin, diverts uroporphyrinogen III from the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway toward siroheme synthesis. AtUPM1 [At5g40850] was used to produce both sense and antisense plants of Arabidopsis thaliana in order to modulate siroheme biosynthesis. In our experiments, overexpression of AtUPM1 signaled higher NiR (NII) and SiR gene and gene product expression. Increased NII expression was found to regulate and enhance the transcript and protein abundance of nitrate reductase (NR). We suggest that elevated NiR, NR, and SiR expression must have contributed to the increased synthesis of S containing amino acids in AtUPM1overexpressors, observed in our studies. We note that due to higher N and S assimilation in these plants, total protein content had increased in these plants. Consequently, chlorophyll biosynthesis increased in these sense plants. Higher chlorophyll and protein content of plants upregulated photosynthetic electron transport and carbon assimilation in the sense plants. Further, we have observed increased plant biomass in these plants, and this must have been due to increased N, S, and C assimilation. On the other hand, in the antisense plants, the transcript abundance, and protein content of NiR, and SiR was shown to decrease, resulting in reduced total protein and chlorophyll content. This led to a decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rate, carbon assimilation and plant biomass in these antisense plants. Under nitrogen or sulfur starvation conditions, the overexpressors had higher protein content and photosynthetic electron transport rate than the wild type (WT). Conversely, the antisense plants had lower protein content and photosynthetic efficiency in N-deficient environment. Our results clearly demonstrate that upregulation of siroheme biosynthesis leads to increased nitrogen and sulfur assimilation, and this imparts tolerance to nitrogen and sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
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Briat JF, Dubos C, Gaymard F. Iron nutrition, biomass production, and plant product quality. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:33-40. [PMID: 25153038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges in modern agriculture is increasing biomass production, while improving plant product quality, in a sustainable way. Of the minerals, iron (Fe) plays a major role in this process because it is essential both for plant productivity and for the quality of their products. Fe homeostasis is an important determinant of photosynthetic efficiency in algae and higher plants, and we review here the impact of Fe limitation or excess on the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. We also discuss the agronomic, plant breeding, and transgenic approaches that are used to remediate Fe deficiency of plants on calcareous soils, and suggest ways to increase the Fe content and bioavailability of the edible parts of crops to improve human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Briat
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier 2, SupAgro Bâtiment 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.
| | - Christian Dubos
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier 2, SupAgro Bâtiment 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier 2, SupAgro Bâtiment 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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Cammack R, Balk J. Iron-sulfur Clusters. BINDING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849739979-00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are universally distributed groups occurring in iron-sulfur proteins. They have a wide range of cellular functions which reflect the chemistry of the clusters. Some clusters are involved in electron transport and energy transduction in photosynthesis and respiration. Others can bind substrates and participate in enzyme catalysis. Regulatory functions have also been documented for clusters that respond to oxygen partial pressure and iron availability. Finally, there are some for which no function has been defined; they may act as stabilizing structures, for example, in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism. The clusters are constructed intracellularly and inserted into proteins, which can then be transported to intracellular targets, in some cases, across membranes. Three different types of iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery have evolved in prokaryotes: NIF, ISC and SUF. Each system involves a scaffold protein on which the cluster is constructed (encoded by genes nifU, iscU, sufU or sufB) and a cysteine desulfurase (encoded by nifS, iscS or sufS) which provides the sulfide sulfur. In eukaryotic cells, clusters are formed in the mitochondria for the many iron-sulfur proteins in this organelle. The mitochondrial biosynthesis pathway is linked to the cytoplasmic iron-sulfur assembly system (CIA) for the maturation of cytoplasmic and nuclear iron-sulfur proteins. In plant cells, a SUF-type system is used for cluster assembly in the plastids. Many accessory proteins are involved in cluster transfer before insertion into the appropriate sites in Fe-S proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cammack
- King's College London, Department of Biochemistry, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Janneke Balk
- John Innes Centre and University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UH UK
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Wang Z, Yan H, Li S, Zhang K, Cheng B, Fan J. Coupled selection of protein solubility in E. coli using uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase as red fluorescent reporter. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:169-74. [PMID: 24998762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase (UMT) is a novel reporter owing to the catalytic products accumulated in cells emitting red florescence. Overexpression of UMT confers resistance of the Escherichia coli cells to potassium tellurite that inhibits cell growth. In this study, we applied UMT reporter for monitoring protein solubility of MBP or TEV protease variants under different expression conditions, as well as 12 maize proteins with either the designed linker or N-terminal SUMO tag. Effects of five enzymes involved in heme and siroheme biosynthesis on the reporter were also investigated. With increasing concentrations of potassium tellurite, colony numbers of the mixed cells expressing the selected five proteins with different solubility were decreased, but colonies displaying red fluorescence was identified to be produced the protein with relatively high solubility. The developed UMT reporter system is sensitive for monitoring protein solubility based on coupled fluorescence and chemical selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Hanwei Yan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Si Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Kuanliang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
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Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all photosynthetic organisms. The biological use of this transition metal is as an enzyme cofactor, predominantly in electron transfer and catalysis. The main forms of iron cofactor are, in order of decreasing abundance, iron-sulfur clusters, heme, and di-iron or mononuclear iron, with a wide functional range. In plants and algae, iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathways of bacterial origin are localized in the mitochondria and plastids, where there is a high demand for these cofactors. A third iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway is present in the cytosol that depends on the mitochondria but not on plastid assembly proteins. The biosynthesis of heme takes place mainly in the plastids. The importance of iron-sulfur cofactors beyond photosynthesis and respiration has become evident with recent discoveries of novel iron-sulfur proteins involved in epigenetics and DNA metabolism. In addition, increased understanding of intracellular iron trafficking is opening up research into how iron is distributed between iron cofactor assembly pathways and how this distribution is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Balk
- John Innes Centre and University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom;
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Dissecting plant iron homeostasis under short and long-term iron fluctuations. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1292-307. [PMID: 23680191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of information on the different aspects of iron homeostasis in plants has been obtained during the last decade. However, there is no clear road-map integrating the relationships between the various components. The principal aim of the current review is to fill this gap. In this context we discuss the lack of low affinity iron uptake mechanisms in plants, the utilization of a different uptake mechanism by graminaceous plants compared to the others, as well as the roles of riboflavin, ferritin isoforms, nitric oxide, nitrosylation, heme, aconitase, and vacuolar pH. Cross-homeostasis between elements is also considered, with a specific emphasis on the relationship between iron homeostasis and phosphorus and copper deficiencies. As the environment is a crucial parameter for modulating plant responses, we also highlight how diurnal fluctuations govern iron metabolism. Evolutionary aspects of iron homeostasis have so far attracted little attention. Looking into the past can inform us on how long-term oxygen and iron-availability fluctuations have influenced the evolution of iron uptake mechanisms. Finally, we evaluate to what extent this homeostastic road map can be used for the development of novel biofortification strategies in order to alleviate iron deficiency in human.
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Moore SJ, Biedendieck R, Lawrence AD, Deery E, Howard MJ, Rigby SEJ, Warren MJ. Characterization of the enzyme CbiH60 involved in anaerobic ring contraction of the cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:297-305. [PMID: 23155054 PMCID: PMC3537027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.422535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic pathway for the biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) has remained poorly characterized because of the sensitivity of the pathway intermediates to oxygen and the low activity of enzymes. One of the major bottlenecks in the anaerobic pathway is the ring contraction step, which has not been observed previously with a purified enzyme system. The Gram-positive aerobic bacterium Bacillus megaterium has a complete anaerobic pathway that contains an unusual ring contraction enzyme, CbiH(60), that harbors a C-terminal extension with sequence similarity to the nitrite/sulfite reductase family. To improve solubility, the enzyme was homologously produced in the host B. megaterium DSM319. CbiH(60) was characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance and shown to contain a [4Fe-4S] center. Assays with purified recombinant CbiH(60) demonstrate that the enzyme converts both cobalt-precorrin-3 and cobalt factor III into the ring-contracted product cobalt-precorrin-4 in high yields, with the latter transformation dependent upon DTT and an intact Fe-S center. Furthermore, the ring contraction process was shown not to involve a change in the oxidation state of the central cobalt ion of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Moore
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- the Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany, and
| | - Andrew D. Lawrence
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyne Deery
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Howard
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E. J. Rigby
- the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Warren
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
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