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Belapurkar R, Pfisterer M, Dreute J, Werner S, Zukunft S, Fleming I, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. A transient increase of HIF-1α during the G1 phase (G1-HIF) ensures cell survival under nutritional stress. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:477. [PMID: 37500648 PMCID: PMC10374543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The family of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) is activated to adapt cells to low oxygen conditions, but is also known to regulate some biological processes under normoxic conditions. Here we show that HIF-1α protein levels transiently increase during the G1 phase of the cell cycle (designated as G1-HIF) in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. The transient elimination of G1-HIF by a degron system revealed its contribution to cell survival under unfavorable metabolic conditions. Indeed, G1-HIF plays a key role in the cell cycle-dependent expression of genes encoding metabolic regulators and the maintenance of mTOR activity under conditions of nutrient deprivation. Accordingly, transient elimination of G1-HIF led to a significant reduction in the concentration of key proteinogenic amino acids and carbohydrates. These data indicate that G1-HIF acts as a cell cycle-dependent surveillance factor that prevents the onset of starvation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnal Belapurkar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pfisterer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Dreute
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Werner
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.
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2
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Diversification of Potassium Currents in Excitable Cells via Kvβ Proteins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142230. [PMID: 35883673 PMCID: PMC9317154 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitable cells of the nervous and cardiovascular systems depend on an assortment of plasmalemmal potassium channels to control diverse cellular functions. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are central to the feedback control of membrane excitability in these processes due to their activation by depolarized membrane potentials permitting K+ efflux. Accordingly, Kv currents are differentially controlled not only by numerous cellular signaling paradigms that influence channel abundance and shape voltage sensitivity, but also by heteromeric configurations of channel complexes. In this context, we discuss the current knowledge related to how intracellular Kvβ proteins interacting with pore complexes of Shaker-related Kv1 channels may establish a modifiable link between excitability and metabolic state. Past studies in heterologous systems have indicated roles for Kvβ proteins in regulating channel stability, trafficking, subcellular targeting, and gating. More recent works identifying potential in vivo physiologic roles are considered in light of these earlier studies and key gaps in knowledge to be addressed by future research are described.
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3
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Icard P, Simula L, Fournel L, Leroy K, Lupo A, Damotte D, Charpentier MC, Durdux C, Loi M, Schussler O, Chassagnon G, Coquerel A, Lincet H, De Pauw V, Alifano M. The strategic roles of four enzymes in the interconnection between metabolism and oncogene activation in non-small cell lung cancer: Therapeutic implications. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 63:100852. [PMID: 35849943 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NSCLC is the leading cause of cancer mortality and represents a major challenge in cancer therapy. Intrinsic and acquired anticancer drug resistance are promoted by hypoxia and HIF-1α. Moreover, chemoresistance is sustained by the activation of key signaling pathways (such as RAS and its well-known downstream targets PI3K/AKT and MAPK) and several mutated oncogenes (including KRAS and EGFR among others). In this review, we highlight how these oncogenic factors are interconnected with cell metabolism (aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis). Also, we stress the key role of four metabolic enzymes (PFK1, dimeric-PKM2, GLS1 and ACLY), which promote the activation of these oncogenic pathways in a positive feedback loop. These four tenors orchestrating the coordination of metabolism and oncogenic pathways could be key druggable targets for specific inhibition. Since PFK1 appears as the first tenor of this orchestra, its inhibition (and/or that of its main activator PFK2/PFKFB3) could be an efficacious strategy against NSCLC. Citrate is a potent physiologic inhibitor of both PFK1 and PFKFB3, and NSCLC cells seem to maintain a low citrate level to sustain aerobic glycolysis and the PFK1/PI3K/EGFR axis. Awaiting the development of specific non-toxic inhibitors of PFK1 and PFK2/PFKFB3, we propose to test strategies increasing citrate levels in NSCLC tumors to disrupt this interconnection. This could be attempted by evaluating inhibitors of the citrate-consuming enzyme ACLY and/or by direct administration of citrate at high doses. In preclinical models, this "citrate strategy" efficiently inhibits PFK1/PFK2, HIF-1α, and IGFR/PI3K/AKT axes. It also blocks tumor growth in RAS-driven lung cancer models, reversing dedifferentiation, promoting T lymphocytes tumor infiltration, and increasing sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Unité de recherche BioTICLA INSERM U1086, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Luca Simula
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karen Leroy
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Cancers, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Durdux
- Radiation Oncology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Coquerel
- INSERM U1075, COMETE " Mobilités: Attention, Orientation, Chronobiologie", Université Caen, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France
| | - Vincent De Pauw
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
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4
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Vulczak A, Alberici LC. Physical Exercise and Tumor Energy Metabolism. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100600. [PMID: 35811248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports the antitumoral effects of physical activity, either in experimental animal models or humans. However, the biological mechanisms by which physical exercise modulates tumoral development are still unclear. An important feature of the tumor cells is the altered energy metabolism, often associated with definitions of tumor aggressiveness. Nevertheless, exercise can cause global metabolic changes in the body, as well as modulate tumor metabolism. Here we specifically discuss the metabolic changes found in tumors and how exercise can contribute to anti-tumoral effects by modulating the mitochondrial function, and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related metabolites of cancer cells. The effect of physical exercise on tumor metabolism is a new possibility for comprehension of cancer biology and developing therapies focused on tumor energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Vulczak
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto - University of Sao Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto - University of Sao Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil.
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5
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E Costa RK, Rodrigues CT, H Campos JC, Paradela LS, Dias MM, Novaes da Silva B, de Valega Negrao CVZ, Gonçalves KDA, Ascenção CFR, Adamoski D, Mercaldi GF, Bastos ACS, Batista FAH, Figueira AC, Cordeiro AT, Ambrosio ALB, Guido RVC, Dias SMG. High-Throughput Screening Reveals New Glutaminase Inhibitor Molecules. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1849-1866. [PMID: 34927015 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The glutaminase (GLS) enzyme hydrolyzes glutamine into glutamate, an important anaplerotic source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle in rapidly growing cancer cells under the Warburg effect. Glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate is also an important cofactor of chromatin-modifying enzymes, and through epigenetic changes, it keeps cancer cells in an undifferentiated state. Moreover, glutamate is an important neurotransmitter, and deregulated glutaminase activity in the nervous system underlies several neurological disorders. Given the proven importance of glutaminase for critical diseases, we describe the development of a new coupled enzyme-based fluorescent glutaminase activity assay formatted for 384-well plates for high-throughput screening (HTS) of glutaminase inhibitors. We applied the new methodology to screen a ∼30,000-compound library to search for GLS inhibitors. The HTS assay identified 11 glutaminase inhibitors as hits that were characterized by in silico, biochemical, and glutaminase-based cellular assays. A structure-activity relationship study on the most promising hit (C9) allowed the discovery of a derivative, C9.22, with enhanced in vitro and cellular glutaminase-inhibiting activity. In summary, we discovered a new glutaminase inhibitor with an innovative structural scaffold and described the molecular determinants of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renna K E Costa
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Camila T Rodrigues
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13563-120 Sao Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Jean C H Campos
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Paradela
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia M Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Novaes da Silva
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Cyro von Zuben de Valega Negrao
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Kaliandra de Almeida Gonçalves
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Carolline F R Ascenção
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fernando Mercaldi
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Alliny C S Bastos
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A H Batista
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Artur T Cordeiro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Andre L B Ambrosio
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael V C Guido
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13563-120 Sao Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra M G Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas-SP, Brazil
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6
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Li H, Weng Y, Wang S, Wang F, Wang Y, Kong P, Zhang L, Cheng C, Cui H, Xu E, Wei S, Guo D, Chen F, Bi Y, Meng Y, Cheng X, Cui Y. CDCA7 Facilitates Tumor Progression by Directly Regulating CCNA2 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734655. [PMID: 34737951 PMCID: PMC8561731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CDCA7 is a copy number amplified gene identified not only in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) but also in various cancer types. Its clinical relevance and underlying mechanisms in ESCC have remained unknown. Methods Tissue microarray data was used to analyze its expression in 179 ESCC samples. The effects of CDCA7 on proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle were tested in ESCC cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of its target genes. Correlation of CDCA7 with its target genes in ESCC and various SCC types was analyzed using GSE53625 and TCGA data. The mechanism of CDCA7 was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter assays, and rescue assay. Results The overexpression of CDCA7 promoted proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle in ESCC cells. CDCA7 affected the expression of cyclins in different cell phases. GSE53625 and TCGA data showed CCNA2 expression was positively correlated with CDCA7. The knockdown of CCNA2 reversed the malignant phenotype induced by CDCA7 overexpression. Furthermore, CDCA7 was found to directly bind to CCNA2, thus promoting its expression. Conclusions Our results reveal a novel mechanism of CDCA7 that it may act as an oncogene by directly upregulating CCNA2 to facilitate tumor progression in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongjia Weng
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengzhou Kong
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caixia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Enwei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuqing Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery (Ⅰ), Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dinghe Guo
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanghui Bi
- The Science Research Center, Shanxi Bethone Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Meng
- Tumor Biobank, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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7
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Abouleisa RRE, McNally L, Salama ABM, Hammad SK, Ou Q, Wells C, Lorkiewicz PK, Bolli R, Mohamed TMA, Hill BG. Cell cycle induction in human cardiomyocytes is dependent on biosynthetic pathway activation. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102094. [PMID: 34418597 PMCID: PMC8379496 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The coordinated gene and metabolic programs that facilitate cardiomyocyte entry and progression in the cell cycle are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolic changes that influence myocyte proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS In adult mouse cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), cell cycle initiation by ectopic expression of Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, CDK1, and CDK4 (termed 4F) downregulated oxidative phosphorylation genes and upregulated genes that regulate ancillary biosynthetic pathways of glucose metabolism. Results from metabolic analyses and stable isotope tracing experiments indicate that 4F-mediated cell cycle induction in hiPS-CMs decreases glucose oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and augments NAD+, glycogen, hexosamine, phospholipid, and serine biosynthetic pathway activity. Interventions that diminish NAD+ synthesis, serine synthesis, or protein O-GlcNAcylation decreased 4F-mediated cell cycle entry. In a gain of function approach, we overexpressed phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), which can drive carbon from the Krebs cycle to the glycolytic intermediate pool, and found that PCK2 augments 4F-mediated cell cycle entry. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a metabolic shift from catabolic to anabolic activity is a critical step for cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry and is required to facilitate proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham R E Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey McNally
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Abou Bakr M Salama
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Collin Wells
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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8
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Zhang CY, Hu YC, Zhang Y, Ma WD, Song YF, Quan XH, Guo X, Wang CX. Glutamine switches vascular smooth muscle cells to synthetic phenotype through inhibiting miR-143 expression and upregulating THY1 expression. Life Sci 2021; 277:119365. [PMID: 33741416 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many human cardiovascular diseases. They modulate their phenotype from "contractile" to "synthetic" in response to changes in local environmental cues. How glutamine regulates the differentiation of VSMCs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. MAIN METHODS Here, we explored the effects of various doses of glutamine (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM) on the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch of human VSMCs in vitro. Glutamine dose-dependently enhanced VSMC proliferation, and markedly increased VSMC migration. KEY FINDINGS Notably, glutamine promoted the phenotypic switch of VSMCs towards a synthetic phenotype, as evidenced by significantly decreased expression of contractile markers myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and calponin while increased expression of synthetic markers collagen I and vimentin. Importantly, these changes upon glutamine treatments were attenuated after additional treatments with glutamine metabolism inhibitor BPTES. Additionally, glutamine downregulated miR-143 expression, and miR-143 inactivation alone resulted in enhanced proliferation, migration, and promoted the synthetic phenotype of VSMCs. Moreover, Thy-1 cell surface antigen (THY1) was validated as a downstream target of miR-143, and THY1 expression was upregulated by glutamine in VSMCs. Furthermore, either miR-143 overexpression or THY1 silencing abolished the effect of glutamine on proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch of VSMCs, supporting a novel glutamine-miR-143-THY1 pathway in modulating VSMC functions. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated a novel mechanism of glutamine in modulation of VSMC phenotypic switch by targeting miR-143 and THY1, and provides significant insight on targeted therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Chao Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Dong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Fan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, 30 Fen Xiang, South Street, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, 30 Fen Xiang, South Street, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Cong-Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China.
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9
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Sharma U, Jagannathan NR. Metabolism of prostate cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1163-1173. [PMID: 32918707 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the metabolism of prostate cancer (PCa) is important for developing better diagnostic approaches and also for exploring new therapeutic targets. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have been shown to be useful in the detection and quantification of metabolites. PCa illustrates metabolic phenotype, showing lower levels of citrate (Cit), a key metabolite of oxidative phosphorylation and alteration in several metabolic pathways to sustain tumor growth. Recently, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) studies have documented high rates of glycolysis (Warburg phenomenon) in PCa. High-throughput metabolic profiling strategies using MRS on variety of samples including intact tissues, biofluids like prostatic fluid, seminal fluid, blood plasma/sera, and urine have also played a vital role in understanding the abnormal metabolic activity of PCa patients. The enhanced analytical potential of these techniques in the detection and quantification of a large number of metabolites provides an in-depth understanding of metabolic rewiring associated with the tumorigenesis. Metabolomics analysis offers dual advantages of identification of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers as well as in understanding the altered metabolic pathways which can be targeted for inhibiting the cancer progression. This review briefly describes the potential applications of in vivo 1H MRS, high-resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy (HRMAS) and in vitro MRS methods in understanding the metabolic changes of PCa and its usefulness in the management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, TN, 603103, India.
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, India.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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10
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Caldez MJ, Bjorklund M, Kaldis P. Cell cycle regulation in NAFLD: when imbalanced metabolism limits cell division. Hepatol Int 2020; 14:463-474. [PMID: 32578019 PMCID: PMC7366567 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is essential for organismal growth and tissue homeostasis. It is exceptionally significant in tissues chronically exposed to intrinsic and external damage, like the liver. After decades of studying the regulation of cell cycle by extracellular signals, there are still gaps in our knowledge on how these two interact with metabolic pathways in vivo. Studying the cross-talk of these pathways has direct clinical implications as defects in cell division, signaling pathways, and metabolic homeostasis are frequently observed in liver diseases. In this review, we will focus on recent reports which describe various functions of cell cycle regulators in hepatic homeostasis. We will describe the interplay between the cell cycle and metabolism during liver regeneration after acute and chronic damage. We will focus our attention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The global incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing exponentially. Therefore, understanding the interplay between cell cycle regulators and metabolism may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets amenable to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias J Caldez
- WPI Immunology Frontiers Research Centre, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mikael Bjorklund
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute and 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden.
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11
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Abstract
Shortly after its discovery in 2000, WWOX was hailed as a tumor suppressor gene. In subsequent years of research, this function was confirmed indisputably. Majority of tumors show high rate of loss of heterozygosity and decreased expression of WWOX. Nevertheless, over the years, the range of its known functions, at the cellular, organ and system levels, has expanded to include metabolism and endocrine system control and CNS differentiation and functioning. Despite of its function as a tumor suppressor gene, WWOX genetic alternations were found in a number of metabolic and neural diseases. A lack of WWOX protein as a consequence of germline mutations results in brain development disturbances and malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Ż Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - A K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
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12
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Nuclear Translocation of Glutaminase GLS2 in Human Cancer Cells Associates with Proliferation Arrest and Differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2259. [PMID: 32042057 PMCID: PMC7010782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase (GA) catalyzes the first step in mitochondrial glutaminolysis playing a key role in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Humans express two types of GA isoforms: GLS and GLS2. GLS isozymes have been consistently related to cell proliferation, but the role of GLS2 in cancer remains poorly understood. GLS2 is repressed in many tumor cells and a better understanding of its function in tumorigenesis may further the development of new therapeutic approaches. We analyzed GLS2 expression in HCC, GBM and neuroblastoma cells, as well as in monkey COS-7 cells. We studied GLS2 expression after induction of differentiation with phorbol ester (PMA) and transduction with the full-length cDNA of GLS2. In parallel, we investigated cell cycle progression and levels of p53, p21 and c-Myc proteins. Using the baculovirus system, human GLS2 protein was overexpressed, purified and analyzed for posttranslational modifications employing a proteomics LC-MS/MS platform. We have demonstrated a dual targeting of GLS2 in human cancer cells. Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation gave consistent results demonstrating nuclear and mitochondrial locations, with the latter being predominant. Nuclear targeting was confirmed in cancer cells overexpressing c-Myc- and GFP-tagged GLS2 proteins. We assessed the subnuclear location finding a widespread distribution of GLS2 in the nucleoplasm without clear overlapping with specific nuclear substructures. GLS2 expression and nuclear accrual notably increased by treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with PMA and it correlated with cell cycle arrest at G2/M, upregulation of tumor suppressor p53 and p21 protein. A similar response was obtained by overexpression of GLS2 in T98G glioma cells, including downregulation of oncogene c-Myc. Furthermore, human GLS2 was identified as being hypusinated by MS analysis, a posttranslational modification which may be relevant for its nuclear targeting and/or function. Our studies provide evidence for a tumor suppressor role of GLS2 in certain types of cancer. The data imply that GLS2 can be regarded as a highly mobile and multilocalizing protein translocated to both mitochondria and nuclei. Upregulation of GLS2 in cancer cells induced an antiproliferative response with cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
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13
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Lorkiewicz PK, Gibb AA, Rood BR, He L, Zheng Y, Clem BF, Zhang X, Hill BG. Integration of flux measurements and pharmacological controls to optimize stable isotope-resolved metabolomics workflows and interpretation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13705. [PMID: 31548575 PMCID: PMC6757038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) provides information regarding the relative activity of numerous metabolic pathways and the contribution of nutrients to specific metabolite pools; however, SIRM experiments can be difficult to execute, and data interpretation is challenging. Furthermore, standardization of analytical procedures and workflows remain significant obstacles for widespread reproducibility. Here, we demonstrate the workflow of a typical SIRM experiment and suggest experimental controls and measures of cross-validation that improve data interpretation. Inhibitors of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as well as mitochondrial uncouplers serve as pharmacological controls, which help define metabolic flux configurations that occur under well-controlled metabolic states. We demonstrate how such controls and time course labeling experiments improve confidence in metabolite assignments as well as delineate metabolic pathway relationships. Moreover, we demonstrate how radiolabeled tracers and extracellular flux analyses integrate with SIRM to improve data interpretation. Collectively, these results show how integration of flux methodologies and use of pharmacological controls increase confidence in SIRM data and provide new biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Andrew A Gibb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Rood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Brian F Clem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA.
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14
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Li X, Wu L, Zopp M, Kopelov S, Du W. p53-TP53-Induced Glycolysis Regulator Mediated Glycolytic Suppression Attenuates DNA Damage and Genomic Instability in Fanconi Anemia Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:937-947. [PMID: 30977208 PMCID: PMC6599562 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that resting quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) prefer to utilize anaerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial respiration for energy production. Compelling evidence has also revealed that altered metabolic energetics in HSCs underlies the onset of certain blood diseases; however, the mechanisms responsible for energetic reprogramming remain elusive. We recently found that Fanconi anemia (FA) HSCs in their resting state are more dependent on mitochondrial respiration for energy metabolism than on glycolysis. In the present study, we investigated the role of deficient glycolysis in FA HSC maintenance. We observed significantly reduced glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP production in HSCs but not in the less primitive multipotent progenitors or restricted hematopoietic progenitors of Fanca−/− and Fancc−/− mice compared with that of wild‐type mice, which was associated with an overactivated p53 and TP53‐induced glycolysis regulator, the TIGAR‐mediated metabolic axis. We utilized Fanca−/− HSCs deficient for p53 to show that the p53‐TIGAR axis suppressed glycolysis in FA HSCs, leading to enhanced pentose phosphate pathway and cellular antioxidant function and, consequently, reduced DNA damage and attenuated HSC exhaustion. Furthermore, by using Fanca−/− HSCs carrying the separation‐of‐function mutant p53R172P transgene that selectively impairs the p53 function in apoptosis but not cell‐cycle control, we demonstrated that the cell‐cycle function of p53 was not required for glycolytic suppression in FA HSCs. Finally, ectopic expression of the glycolytic rate‐limiting enzyme PFKFB3 specifically antagonized p53‐TIGAR‐mediated metabolic reprogramming in FA HSCs. Together, our results suggest that p53‐TIGAR metabolic axis‐mediated glycolytic suppression may play a compensatory role in attenuating DNA damage and proliferative exhaustion in FA HSCs. stem cells2019;37:937–947
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan Zopp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shaina Kopelov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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15
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Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity attenuates neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Reis LMD, Adamoski D, Ornitz Oliveira Souza R, Rodrigues Ascenção CF, Sousa de Oliveira KR, Corrêa-da-Silva F, Malta de Sá Patroni F, Meira Dias M, Consonni SR, Mendes de Moraes-Vieira PM, Silber AM, Dias SMG. Dual inhibition of glutaminase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase decreases growth and migration of glutaminase inhibition-resistant triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9342-9357. [PMID: 31040181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack progesterone and estrogen receptors and do not have amplified human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the main therapeutic targets for managing breast cancer. TNBCs have an altered metabolism, including an increased Warburg effect and glutamine dependence, making the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 therapeutically promising for this tumor type. Accordingly, CB-839 is currently in phase I/II clinical trials. However, not all TNBCs respond to CB-839 treatment, and the tumor resistance mechanism is not yet fully understood. Here we classified cell lines as CB-839-sensitive or -resistant according to their growth responses to CB-839. Compared with sensitive cells, resistant cells were less glutaminolytic and, upon CB-839 treatment, exhibited a smaller decrease in ATP content and less mitochondrial fragmentation, an indicator of poor mitochondrial health. Transcriptional analyses revealed that the expression levels of genes linked to lipid metabolism were altered between sensitive and resistant cells and between breast cancer tissues (available from The Cancer Genome Atlas project) with low versus high glutaminase (GLS) gene expression. Of note, CB-839-resistant TNBC cells had increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) protein and CPT1 activity levels. In agreement, CB-839-resistant TNBC cells mobilized more fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation, which responded to AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase signaling. Moreover, chemical inhibition of both glutaminase and CPT1 decreased cell proliferation and migration of CB-839-resistant cells compared with single inhibition of each enzyme. We propose that dual targeting of glutaminase and CPT1 activities may have therapeutic relevance for managing CB-839-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes Dos Reis
- From the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,the Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- From the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,the Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Ornitz Oliveira Souza
- the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolline Fernanda Rodrigues Ascenção
- From the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,the Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Krishina Ratna Sousa de Oliveira
- From the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,the Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Corrêa-da-Silva
- the Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,the Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, and
| | - Fábio Malta de Sá Patroni
- From the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,the Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Meira Dias
- From the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- the Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Mendes de Moraes-Vieira
- the Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, and
| | - Ariel Mariano Silber
- the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- From the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,
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17
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Zhao S, Wang JM, Yan J, Zhang DL, Liu BQ, Jiang JY, Li C, Li S, Meng XN, Wang HQ. BAG3 promotes autophagy and glutaminolysis via stabilizing glutaminase. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:284. [PMID: 30910998 PMCID: PMC6433946 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an important molecule that maintains oncogenic features of cancer cells via diverse mechanisms. One of the important functions assigned to BAG3 is implicated in selective macroautophagy/autophagy, which attracts much attention recently. However, the mechanism underlying regulation of autophagy by BAG3 has not been well defined. Here, we describe that BAG3 enhances autophagy via promotion of glutamine consumption and glutaminolysis. Glutaminolysis initiates with deamination of glutamine by glutaminase (GLS), by which yields glutamate and ammonia in mitochondria. The current study demonstrates that BAG3 stabilizes GLS via prohibition its interaction with SIRT5, thereby hindering its desuccinylation at Lys158 and Lys164 sites. As an underlying molecular mechanism, we demonstrate that BAG3 interacts with GLS and decreases SIRT5 expression. The current study also demonstrates that occupation by succinyl at Lys158 and Lys164 sites prohibits its Lys48-linked ubiquitination, thereby preventing its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Collectively, the current study demonstrates that BAG3 enhances autophagy via stabilizing GLS and promoting glutaminolysis. For the first time, this study reports that succinylation competes with ubiquitination to regulate proteasomal GLS degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jia-Mei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China
| | - Da-Lin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bao-Qin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China
| | - Xiao-Na Meng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China
| | - Hua-Qin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110026, China.
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18
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Icard P, Fournel L, Wu Z, Alifano M, Lincet H. Interconnection between Metabolism and Cell Cycle in Cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:490-501. [PMID: 30655165 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression and division is regulated by checkpoint controls and sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Understanding of how these events occur in synchrony with metabolic changes could have important therapeutic implications. For biosynthesis, cancer cells enhance glucose and glutamine consumption. Inactivation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) promotes transcription in G1 phase. Glutamine metabolism supports DNA replication in S phase and lipid synthesis in G2 phase. A boost in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism can temporarily furnish more ATP when necessary (G1/S transition, segregation of chromosomes). Recent studies have shown that a few metabolic enzymes [PKM2, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB3), GAPDH] also periodically translocate to the nucleus and oversee cell cycle regulators or oncogene expression (c-Myc). Targeting these metabolic enzymes could increase the response to CDK inhibitors (CKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- CHU de Caen, Université Caen Normandie, Medical School, Caen, F-14000, France; Inserm U1086, BioTICLA axis, Université Caen Normandie, F-14000, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Zherui Wu
- Inserm UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France
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19
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Role of AMPK signalling pathway during compensatory growth in pigs. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:682. [PMID: 30223793 PMCID: PMC6142327 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular basis of compensatory growth in monogastric animals has not yet been fully explored. Herewith, in this study we aim to determine changes in the pig skeletal muscle transcriptome profile during compensatory growth following a feed restriction period. A RNA-Seq experiment was performed with a total of 24 females belonging to a Duroc commercial line. Half of the animals received either a restricted (RE) or ad libitum (AL) diet during the first fattening period (60–125 d of age). After that, all gilts were fed ad libitum for a further ~30 d until the age of ~155 d, when animals were slaughtered and samples of gluteus medius muscle were harvested to perform RNA-Seq analyses and intramuscular fat content determination. Results During the period following food restriction, RE animals re-fed ad libitum displayed compensatory growth, showed better feed conversion rate and tended to deposit more subcutaneous fat than AL fed animals. Animals were slaughtered in the phase of accelerated growth, when RE animals had not completely compensated the performance of AL group, showing lower live and carcass weights. At intramuscular level, RE gilts showed a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids during the compensatory growth phase. The comparison of RE and AL expression profiles allowed the identification of 86 (ǀlog2Fold-Changeǀ > 1, padj < 0.05) differentially expressed (DE) genes. A functional categorization of these DE genes identified AMPK Signaling as the most significantly enriched canonical pathway. This kinase plays a key role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis as well as in the activation of autophagy. Among the DE genes identified as components of AMPK Signaling pathway, five out of six genes were downregulated in RE pigs. Conclusions Animals re-fed after a restriction period exhibited a less oxidative metabolic profile and catabolic processes in muscle than animals fed ad libitum. The downregulation of autophagy observed in the skeletal muscle of pigs undergoing compensatory growth may constitute a mechanism to increase muscle mass thus ensuring an accelerated growth rate. These results reveal that the downregulation of AMPK Signaling plays an important role in compensatory growth in pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5071-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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Fulghum K, Hill BG. Metabolic Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:127. [PMID: 30255026 PMCID: PMC6141631 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has a myriad of physiological benefits that derive in part from its ability to improve cardiometabolic health. The periodic metabolic stress imposed by regular exercise appears fundamental in driving cardiovascular tissue adaptation. However, different types, intensities, or durations of exercise elicit different levels of metabolic stress and may promote distinct types of tissue remodeling. In this review, we discuss how exercise affects cardiac structure and function and how exercise-induced changes in metabolism regulate cardiac adaptation. Current evidence suggests that exercise typically elicits an adaptive, beneficial form of cardiac remodeling that involves cardiomyocyte growth and proliferation; however, chronic levels of extreme exercise may increase the risk for pathological cardiac remodeling or sudden cardiac death. An emerging theme underpinning acute as well as chronic cardiac adaptations to exercise is metabolic periodicity, which appears important for regulating mitochondrial quality and function, for stimulating metabolism-mediated exercise gene programs and hypertrophic kinase activity, and for coordinating biosynthetic pathway activity. In addition, circulating metabolites liberated during exercise trigger physiological cardiac growth. Further understanding of how exercise-mediated changes in metabolism orchestrate cell signaling and gene expression could facilitate therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of exercise and improve cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Fulghum
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Bradford G. Hill
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Louisville, KY, United States
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21
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McKenna J, Kapfhamer D, Kinchen JM, Wasek B, Dunworth M, Murray-Stewart T, Bottiglieri T, Casero RA, Gambello MJ. Metabolomic studies identify changes in transmethylation and polyamine metabolism in a brain-specific mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2113-2124. [PMID: 29635516 PMCID: PMC5985733 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder and the quintessential disorder of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) dysregulation. Loss of either causative gene, TSC1 or TSC2, leads to constitutive mTORC1 kinase activation and a pathologically anabolic state of macromolecular biosynthesis. Little is known about the organ-specific metabolic reprogramming that occurs in TSC-affected organs. Using a mouse model of TSC in which Tsc2 is disrupted in radial glial precursors and their neuronal and glial descendants, we performed an unbiased metabolomic analysis of hippocampi to identify Tsc2-dependent metabolic changes. Significant metabolic reprogramming was found in well-established pathways associated with mTORC1 activation, including redox homeostasis, glutamine/tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose and nucleotide metabolism. Changes in two novel pathways were identified: transmethylation and polyamine metabolism. Changes in transmethylation included reduced methionine, cystathionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-the major methyl donor), reduced SAM/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (cellular methylation potential), and elevated betaine, an alternative methyl donor. These changes were associated with alterations in SAM-dependent methylation pathways and expression of the enzymes methionine adenosyltransferase 2A and cystathionine beta synthase. We also found increased levels of the polyamine putrescine due to increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-determining enzyme in polyamine synthesis. Treatment of Tsc2+/- mice with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine, to reduce putrescine synthesis dose-dependently reduced hippocampal astrogliosis. These data establish roles for SAM-dependent methylation reactions and polyamine metabolism in TSC neuropathology. Importantly, both pathways are amenable to nutritional or pharmacologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McKenna
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Kapfhamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Brandi Wasek
- Center of Metabolomics, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas 75204, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas 75204, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael J Gambello
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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22
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Abbriano R, Vardar N, Yee D, Hildebrand M. Manipulation of a glycolytic regulator alters growth and carbon partitioning in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Dutta D, Chong NS, Lim SH. Endogenous volatile organic compounds in acute myeloid leukemia: origins and potential clinical applications. J Breath Res 2018; 12:034002. [PMID: 29463782 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Not unlike many cancer types, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibits many metabolic changes and reprogramming, causing changes in lipid metabolism. Some of the distinct molecular abnormalities associated with AML also modify the metabolic changes. Both processes result in changes in the production of endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The increasing availability of highly sensitive methods for detecting trace chemicals provides the opportunity to investigate the role of patient-specific VOC finger-prints as biomarkers for detecting early relapse or minimal residual disease in AML. Since VOC production is reliant on metabolic activities, when combined with currently available methods, VOC analysis may identify within a group of patients with flow cytometric or molecular evidence of residual disease those most at risk for disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Dutta
- Department of Professional Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States of America
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24
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Shi WK, Zhu XD, Wang CH, Zhang YY, Cai H, Li XL, Cao MQ, Zhang SZ, Li KS, Sun HC. PFKFB3 blockade inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by impairing DNA repair through AKT. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:428. [PMID: 29559632 PMCID: PMC5861039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a key molecule of glucose metabolism in cytoplasm, has been found in various tumors. Emerging evidence has suggested that PFKFB3 is also located in the nucleus and apparent in regulatory functions other than glycolysis. In this study, we found that PFKFB3 expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and located mainly in the nucleus of tumor cells. PFKFB3 overexpression was associated with large tumor size (p = 0.04) and poor survival of patients with HCC (p = 0.027). Knockdown of PFKFB3 inhibited HCC growth, not only by reducing glucose consumption but also by damaging the DNA repair function, leading to G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. In animal studies, overexpression of PFKFB3 is associated with increased tumor growth. Mechanistically, PFKFB3 silencing decreased AKT phosphorylation and reduced the expression of ERCC1, which is an important DNA repair protein. Moreover, PFK15, a selective PFKFB3 inhibitor, significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model of human HCC. PFKFB3 is a potential novel target in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Man-Qing Cao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Zhe Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Shuai Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Zhang H, Cui L, Liu W, Wang Z, Ye Y, Li X, Wang H. 1H NMR metabolic profiling of gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. Metabolomics 2018; 14:47. [PMID: 29541009 PMCID: PMC5840249 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor worldwide. As primary pathway for metastasis, the lymphatic system is an important prognostic factor for GC patients. Although the metabolic changes of gastric cancer have been investigated in extensive studies, little effort focused on the metabolic profiling of lymph node metastasis (LNM)-positive or negative GC patients. OBJECTIVES We performed 1H NMR spectrum of GC tissue samples with and without LNM to identify novel potential metabolic biomarkers in the process of LNM of GC. METHODS 1H NMR-based untargeted metabolomics approach combined with multivariate statistical analyses were used to study the metabolic profiling of tissue samples from LNM-positive GC patients (n = 40), LNM-negative GC patients (n = 40) and normal controls (n = 40). RESULTS There was a clear separation between GC patients and normal controls, and 33 differential metabolites were identified in the study. Moreover, GC patients were also well-classified according to LNM-positive or negative. Totally eight distinguishing metabolites were selected in the metabolic profiling of GC patients with LNM-positive or negative, suggesting the metabolic dysfunction in the process of LNM. According to further validation and analysis, especially BCAAs metabolism (leucine, isoleucine, valine), GSH and betaine may be as potential factors of diagnose and prognosis of GC patients with or without LNM. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomics study focusing on LNM of GC. The identified distinguishing metabolites showed a promising application on clinical diagnose and therapy prediction, and understanding the mechanism underlying the carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Longzhen Cui
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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26
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Alsady M, de Groot T, Kortenoeven MLA, Carmone C, Neijman K, Bekkenkamp-Grovenstein M, Engelke U, Wevers R, Baumgarten R, Korstanje R, Deen PMT. Lithium induces aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis in collecting duct principal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F230-F239. [PMID: 29070571 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00297.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium, given to bipolar disorder patients, causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI), a urinary-concentrating defect. Li-NDI occurs due to downregulation of principal cell AQP2 expression, which coincides with principal cell proliferation. The metabolic effect of lithium on principal cells, however, is unknown and investigated here. In earlier studies, we showed that the carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor acetazolamide attenuated Li-induced downregulation in mouse-collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells. Of the eight CAs present in mpkCCD cells, siRNA and drug treatments showed that downregulation of CA9 and to some extent CA12 attenuated Li-induced AQP2 downregulation. Moreover, lithium induced cell proliferation and increased the secretion of lactate. Lithium also increased urinary lactate levels in wild-type mice that developed Li-NDI but not in lithium-treated mice lacking ENaC, the principal cell entry site for lithium. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) attenuated lithium-induced AQP2 downregulation in mpkCCD cells but did not attenuate Li-NDI in mice. Interestingly, NMR analysis demonstrated that lithium also increased the urinary succinate, fumarate, citrate, and NH4+ levels, which were, in contrast to lactate, not decreased by 2DG. Together, our data reveal that lithium induces aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis in principal cells and that inhibition of aerobic glycolysis, but not the glutaminolysis, does not attenuate Li-NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alsady
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,The Jackson Laboratory, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
| | | | - Claudia Carmone
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Kim Neijman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Udo Engelke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Baumgarten
- Society of Experimental Laboratory Medicine , Amersfoort , The Netherlands
| | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
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27
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Tarrado-Castellarnau M, de Atauri P, Tarragó-Celada J, Perarnau J, Yuneva M, Thomson TM, Cascante M. De novo MYC addiction as an adaptive response of cancer cells to CDK4/6 inhibition. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:940. [PMID: 28978620 PMCID: PMC5658703 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20167321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDK) are rational cancer therapeutic targets fraught with the development of acquired resistance by tumor cells. Through metabolic and transcriptomic analyses, we show that the inhibition of CDK4/6 leads to a metabolic reprogramming associated with gene networks orchestrated by the MYC transcription factor. Upon inhibition of CDK4/6, an accumulation of MYC protein ensues which explains an increased glutamine metabolism, activation of the mTOR pathway and blunting of HIF‐1α‐mediated responses to hypoxia. These MYC‐driven adaptations to CDK4/6 inhibition render cancer cells highly sensitive to inhibitors of MYC, glutaminase or mTOR and to hypoxia, demonstrating that metabolic adaptations to antiproliferative drugs unveil new vulnerabilities that can be exploited to overcome acquired drug tolerance and resistance by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Tarrado-Castellarnau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro de Atauri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Perarnau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Timothy M Thomson
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, National Research Council (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Eidelman E, Twum-Ampofo J, Ansari J, Siddiqui MM. The Metabolic Phenotype of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:131. [PMID: 28674679 PMCID: PMC5474672 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Cancer metabolism has emerged as a contemporary topic of great interest for improved mechanistic understanding of tumorigenesis. Prostate cancer is a disease model of great interest from a metabolic perspective. Prostatic tissue exhibits unique metabolic activity under baseline conditions. Benign prostate cells accumulate zinc, and this excess zinc inhibits citrate oxidation and metabolism within the citric acid cycle, effectively resulting in citrate production. Malignant cells, however, actively oxidize citrate and resume more typical citric acid cycle function. Of further interest, prostate cancer does not exhibit the Warburg effect, an increase in glucose uptake, seen in many other cancers. These cellular metabolic differences and others are of clinical interest as they present a variety of potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, understanding of the metabolic profile differences between benign prostate versus low- and high-grade prostate cancers also represents an avenue to better understand cancer progression and potentially develop new diagnostic testing. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge on the metabolic phenotypes of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eidelman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey Twum-Ampofo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Jamal Ansari
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Mohummad Minhaj Siddiqui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States.,The Veterans Health Administration Research and Development Service, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
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29
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Feasibility and antitumor efficacy in vivo, of simultaneously targeting glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis using lonidamine, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and orlistat in colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1905-1910. [PMID: 28454342 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of lonidamine (LND), 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) and orlistat to simultaneously target glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of fatty acids, respectively. The doses of LND and DON used in humans were translated to mouse doses (77.7 mg/kg and 145.5 mg/kg, respectively) and orlistat was used at 240 mg/kg. Three schedules of LND, DON and orlistat at different doses were administered by intraperitoneal injection to BALB/c mice in a 21-day cycle (schedule 1: LND, 0.5 mg/day; DON, 0.25 mg/day 1, 5 and 9; orlistat, 240 mg/kg/day; schedule 2: LND, 0.1 mg/day; DON, 0.5 mg/day 1, 5 and 9; orlistat, 240 mg/kg/day; schedule 3: LND, 0.5 mg/day; DON, 0.08 mg/day 1, 5 and 9; orlistat, 360 mg/kg/day) to assess tolerability. To determine the antitumor efficacy, a syngeneic tumor model in BALB/c mice was created using colon cancer CT26.WT cells, and a xenogeneic tumor model was created in nude mice using the human colon cancer SW480 cell line. Mice were treated with schedule 1. Animals were weighed, clinically inspected during the experiment and the tumor volume was measured at day 21. The 3 schedules assessed in the tolerability experiments were well tolerated, as mice maintained their weight and no evident clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Combination treatment with schedule 1 significantly decreased tumor growth in each mouse model. No evident signs of toxicity were observed and mice maintained their weight during treatment. The triple metabolic blockade of the malignant phenotype appears feasible and promising for cancer therapy.
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30
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Mediani L, Gibellini F, Bertacchini J, Frasson C, Bosco R, Accordi B, Basso G, Bonora M, Calabrò ML, Mattiolo A, Sgarbi G, Baracca A, Pinton P, Riva G, Rampazzo E, Petrizza L, Prodi L, Milani D, Luppi M, Potenza L, De Pol A, Cocco L, Capitani S, Marmiroli S. Reversal of the glycolytic phenotype of primary effusion lymphoma cells by combined targeting of cellular metabolism and PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5521-37. [PMID: 26575168 PMCID: PMC4868703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PEL is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, occurring predominantly as a lymphomatous effusion in body cavities, characterized by aggressive clinical course, with no standard therapy. Based on previous reports that PEL cells display a Warburg phenotype, we hypothesized that the highly hypoxic environment in which they grow in vivo makes them more reliant on glycolysis, and more vulnerable to drugs targeting this pathway. We established here that indeed PEL cells in hypoxia are more sensitive to glycolysis inhibition. Furthermore, since PI3K/Akt/mTOR has been proposed as a drug target in PEL, we ascertained that pathway-specific inhibitors, namely the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, and the Akt inhibitor, Akti 1/2, display improved cytotoxicity to PEL cells in hypoxic conditions. Unexpectedly, we found that these drugs reduce lactate production/extracellular acidification rate, and, in combination with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), they shift PEL cells metabolism from aerobic glycolysis towards oxidative respiration. Moreover, the associations possess strong synergistic cytotoxicity towards PEL cells, and thus may reduce adverse reaction in vivo, while displaying very low toxicity to normal lymphocytes. Finally, we showed that the association of 2-DG and PF-04691502 maintains its cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect also in PEL cells co-cultured with human primary mesothelial cells, a condition known to mimic the in vivo environment and to exert a protective and pro-survival action. All together, these results provide a compelling rationale for the clinical development of new therapies for the treatment of PEL, based on combined targeting of glycolytic metabolism and constitutively activated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mediani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bosco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Mattiolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Petrizza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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31
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Gavaldà-Navarro A, Mampel T, Viñas O. Changes in the expression of the human adenine nucleotide translocase isoforms condition cellular metabolic/proliferative status. Open Biol 2016; 6:150108. [PMID: 26842067 PMCID: PMC4772803 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cells express four mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (hANT) isoforms that are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. hANT1 is mainly expressed in terminally differentiated muscle cells; hANT2 is growth-regulated and is upregulated in highly glycolytic and proliferative cells; and hANT3 is considered to be ubiquitous and non-specifically regulated. Here, we studied how the expression of hANT isoforms is regulated by proliferation and in response to metabolic stimuli, and examined the metabolic consequences of their silencing and overexpression. In HeLa and HepG2 cells, expression of hANT3 was upregulated by shifting metabolism towards oxidation or by slowed growth associated with contact inhibition or growth-factor deprivation, indicating that hANT3 expression is highly regulated. Under these conditions, changes in hANT2 mRNA expression were not observed in either HeLa or HepG2 cells, whereas in SGBS preadipocytes (which, unlike HeLa and HepG2 cells, are growth-arrest-sensitive cells), hANT2 mRNA levels decreased. Additionally, overexpression of hANT2 promoted cell growth and glycolysis, whereas silencing of hANT3 decreased cellular ATP levels, limited cell growth and induced a stress-like response. Thus, cancer cells require both hANT2 and hANT3, depending on their proliferation status: hANT2 when proliferation rates are high, and hANT3 when proliferation slows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Mampel
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavi Viñas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
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Marmisolle I, Martínez J, Liu J, Mastrogiovanni M, Fergusson MM, Rovira II, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Moreno M, Cao L, Finkel T, Quijano C. Reciprocal regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and senescence in human fibroblasts involves oxidant mediated p38 MAPK activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 613:12-22. [PMID: 27983949 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to explore the fate of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in human fibroblasts exposed to DNA damaging agents capable of inducing senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest. Induction of premature senescence by doxorubicin or hydrogen peroxide led to a decrease in protein and mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in fatty-acid biosynthesis. ACC1 decay accompanied the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), and resulted in decreased lipid synthesis. A reduction in protein and mRNA levels of ACC1 and in lipid synthesis was also observed in human primary fibroblasts that underwent replicative senescence. We also explored the consequences of inhibiting fatty acid synthesis in proliferating non-transformed cells. Using shRNA technology, we knocked down ACC1 in human fibroblasts. Interestingly, this metabolic perturbation was sufficient to arrest proliferation and trigger the appearance of several markers of the DDR and increase senescence associated β-galactosidase activity. Reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase phosphorylation participated in the induction of senescence. Similar results were obtained upon silencing of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression. Together our results point towards a tight coordination of fatty acid synthesis and cell proliferation in human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Marmisolle
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jennyfer Martínez
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María M Fergusson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilsa I Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Castro
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Laboratory for Vaccine Research, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Liu Cao
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Celia Quijano
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Jin L, Alesi GN, Kang S. Glutaminolysis as a target for cancer therapy. Oncogene 2016; 35:3619-25. [PMID: 26592449 PMCID: PMC5225500 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered glutamine metabolism in cancer cells has critical roles in supporting macromolecule biosynthesis, regulating signaling pathways, and maintaining redox homeostasis, all of which contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, intervention in these metabolic processes could provide novel approaches to improve cancer treatment. This review summarizes current findings on the role of glutaminolytic enzymes in human cancers and provides an update on the development of small molecule inhibitors to target glutaminolysis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G N Alesi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ji S, Qin Y, Liang C, Huang R, Shi S, Liu J, Jin K, Liang D, Xu W, Zhang B, Liu L, Liu C, Xu J, Ni Q, Chiao PJ, Li M, Yu X. FBW7 (F-box and WD Repeat Domain-Containing 7) Negatively Regulates Glucose Metabolism by Targeting the c-Myc/TXNIP (Thioredoxin-Binding Protein) Axis in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3950-60. [PMID: 26983463 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FBW7 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting oncoproteins for destruction. We previously reported that the oncogenic mutation of KRAS inhibits the tumor suppressor FBW7 via the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, which facilitates the proliferation and survival of pancreatic cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which FBW7 suppresses pancreatic cancer remains unexplored. Here, we sought to elucidate the function of FBW7 in pancreatic cancer glucose metabolism and malignancy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Combining maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), which was obtained preoperatively via a PET/CT scan, with immunohistochemistry staining, we analyzed the correlation between SUVmax and FBW7 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues. The impact of FBW7 on glucose metabolism was further validated in vitro and in vivo Finally, gene expression profiling was performed to identify core signaling pathways. RESULTS The expression level of FBW7 was negatively associated with SUVmax in pancreatic cancer patients. FBW7 significantly suppressed glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro Using a xenograft model, MicroPET/CT imaging results indicated that FBW7 substantially decreased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) uptake in xenograft tumors. Gene expression profiling data revealed that TXNIP, a negative regulator of metabolic transformation, was a downstream target of FBW7. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TXNIP was a c-Myc target gene and that FBW7 regulated TXNIP expression in a c-Myc-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results thus reveal that FBW7 serves as a negative regulator of glucose metabolism through regulation of the c-Myc/TXNIP axis in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3950-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yuxianjun@fudanpciorg
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Fodor T, Szántó M, Abdul-Rahman O, Nagy L, Dér Á, Kiss B, Bai P. Combined Treatment of MCF-7 Cells with AICAR and Methotrexate, Arrests Cell Cycle and Reverses Warburg Metabolism through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and FOXO1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150232. [PMID: 26919657 PMCID: PMC4769015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by metabolic alterations, namely, depressed mitochondrial oxidation, enhanced glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt flux to support rapid cell growth, which is called the Warburg effect. In our study we assessed the metabolic consequences of a joint treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with AICAR, an inducer of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) jointly with methotrexate (MTX), a folate-analog antimetabolite that blunts de novo nucleotide synthesis. MCF7 cells, a model of breast cancer cells, were resistant to the individual application of AICAR or MTX, however combined treatment of AICAR and MTX reduced cell proliferation. Prolonged joint application of AICAR and MTX induced AMPK and consequently enhanced mitochondrial oxidation and reduced the rate of glycolysis. These metabolic changes suggest an anti-Warburg rearrangement of metabolism that led to the block of the G1/S and the G2/M transition slowing down cell cycle. The slowdown of cell proliferation was abolished when mitotropic transcription factors, PGC-1α, PGC-1β or FOXO1 were silenced. In human breast cancers higher expression of AMPKα and FOXO1 extended survival. AICAR and MTX exerts similar additive antiproliferative effect on other breast cancer cell lines, such as SKBR and 4T1 cells, too. Our data not only underline the importance of Warburg metabolism in breast cancer cells but nominate the AICAR+MTX combination as a potential cytostatic regime blunting Warburg metabolism. Furthermore, we suggest the targeting of AMPK and FOXO1 to combat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Fodor
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dér
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Borbála Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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36
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Dysregulated metabolism contributes to oncogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S129-S150. [PMID: 26454069 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by unrestrained cellular proliferation. In order to sustain growth, cancer cells undergo a complex metabolic rearrangement characterized by changes in metabolic pathways involved in energy production and biosynthetic processes. The relevance of the metabolic transformation of cancer cells has been recently included in the updated version of the review "Hallmarks of Cancer", where dysregulation of cellular metabolism was included as an emerging hallmark. While several lines of evidence suggest that metabolic rewiring is orchestrated by the concerted action of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, in some circumstances altered metabolism can play a primary role in oncogenesis. Recently, mutations of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways have been associated with hereditary and sporadic forms of cancer. Together, these results demonstrate that aberrant metabolism, once seen just as an epiphenomenon of oncogenic reprogramming, plays a key role in oncogenesis with the power to control both genetic and epigenetic events in cells. In this review, we discuss the relationship between metabolism and cancer, as part of a larger effort to identify a broad-spectrum of therapeutic approaches. We focus on major alterations in nutrient metabolism and the emerging link between metabolism and epigenetics. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to manipulate metabolism in cancer and tradeoffs that should be considered. More research on the suite of metabolic alterations in cancer holds the potential to discover novel approaches to treat it.
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37
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Stine ZE, Walton ZE, Altman BJ, Hsieh AL, Dang CV. MYC, Metabolism, and Cancer. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:1024-39. [PMID: 26382145 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 851] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The MYC oncogene encodes a transcription factor, MYC, whose broad effects make its precise oncogenic role enigmatically elusive. The evidence to date suggests that MYC triggers selective gene expression amplification to promote cell growth and proliferation. Through its targets, MYC coordinates nutrient acquisition to produce ATP and key cellular building blocks that increase cell mass and trigger DNA replication and cell division. In cancer, genetic and epigenetic derangements silence checkpoints and unleash MYC's cell growth- and proliferation-promoting metabolic activities. Unbridled growth in response to deregulated MYC expression creates dependence on MYC-driven metabolic pathways, such that reliance on specific metabolic enzymes provides novel targets for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE MYC's expression and activity are tightly regulated in normal cells by multiple mechanisms, including a dependence upon growth factor stimulation and replete nutrient status. In cancer, genetic deregulation of MYC expression and loss of checkpoint components, such as TP53, permit MYC to drive malignant transformation. However, because of the reliance of MYC-driven cancers on specific metabolic pathways, synthetic lethal interactions between MYC overexpression and specific enzyme inhibitors provide novel cancer therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary E Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zandra E Walton
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Annie L Hsieh
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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38
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Regulation of Bcl-xL-ATP Synthase Interaction by Mitochondrial Cyclin B1-Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-1 Determines Neuronal Survival. J Neurosci 2015; 35:9287-301. [PMID: 26109654 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4712-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of postmitotic neurons needs continuous degradation of cyclin B1, a mitotic protein accumulated aberrantly in the damaged brain areas of Alzheimer's disease and stroked patients. Degradation of cyclin B1 takes place in the proteasome after ubiquitylation by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-cadherin 1 (Cdh1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is highly active in neurons. However, during excitotoxic damage-a hallmark of neurological disorders-APC/C-Cdh1 is inactivated, causing cyclin B1 stabilization and neuronal death through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that an excitotoxic stimulus in rat cortical neurons in primary culture promotes cyclin B1 accumulation in the mitochondria, in which it binds to, and activates, cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk1). The cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex in the mitochondria phosphorylates the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL), leading to its dissociation from the β subunit of F1Fo-ATP synthase. The subsequent inhibition of ATP synthase activity causes complex I oxidative damage, mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization, and apoptotic neuronal death. These results unveil a previously unrecognized role for mitochondrial cyclin B1 in the oxidative damage associated with neurological disorders.
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39
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McKay TB, Sarker-Nag A, Lyon D, Asara JM, Karamichos D. Quercetin modulates keratoconus metabolism in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:341-50. [PMID: 26173740 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corneal scarring is the result of a disease, infection or injury. The resulting scars cause significant loss of vision or even blindness. To-date, the most successful treatment is corneal transplantation, but it does not come without side effects. One of the corneal dystrophies that are correlated with corneal scarring is keratoconus (KC). The onset of the disease is still unknown; however, altered cellular metabolism has been linked to promoting the fibrotic phenotype and therefore scarring. We have previously shown that human keratoconus cells (HKCs) have altered metabolic activity when compared to normal human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). In our current study, we present evidence that quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a strong candidate for regulating metabolic activity of both HCFs and HKCs in vitro and therefore a potential therapeutic to target the altered cellular metabolism characteristic of HKCs. Targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed on HCFs and HKCs with and without quercetin treatment in order to identify variations in metabolite flux. Overall, our study reveals a novel therapeutic target OF Quercetin on corneal stromal cell metabolism in both healthy and diseased states. Clearly, further studies are necessary in order to dissect the mechanism of action of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B McKay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Akhee Sarker-Nag
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Desiree' Lyon
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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40
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Fleming SB, Wise LM, Mercer AA. Molecular genetic analysis of orf virus: a poxvirus that has adapted to skin. Viruses 2015; 7:1505-39. [PMID: 25807056 PMCID: PMC4379583 DOI: 10.3390/v7031505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus of the family Poxviridae. It induces acute pustular skin lesions in sheep and goats and is transmissible to humans. The genome is G+C rich, 138 kbp and encodes 132 genes. It shares many essential genes with vaccinia virus that are required for survival but encodes a number of unique factors that allow it to replicate in the highly specific immune environment of skin. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that both viral interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor genes have been "captured" from their host during the evolution of the parapoxviruses. Genes such as a chemokine binding protein and a protein that binds granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 appear to have evolved from a common poxvirus ancestral gene while three parapoxvirus nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway inhibitors have no homology to other known NF-κB inhibitors. A homologue of an anaphase-promoting complex subunit that is believed to manipulate the cell cycle and enhance viral DNA synthesis appears to be a specific adaptation for viral-replication in keratinocytes. The review focuses on the unique genes of orf virus, discusses their evolutionary origins and their role in allowing viral-replication in the skin epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Fleming
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 720 Cumberland St, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Lyn M Wise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 720 Cumberland St, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew A Mercer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 720 Cumberland St, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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Lane AN, Fan TWM. Regulation of mammalian nucleotide metabolism and biosynthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2466-85. [PMID: 25628363 PMCID: PMC4344498 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides are required for a wide variety of biological processes and are constantly synthesized de novo in all cells. When cells proliferate, increased nucleotide synthesis is necessary for DNA replication and for RNA production to support protein synthesis at different stages of the cell cycle, during which these events are regulated at multiple levels. Therefore the synthesis of the precursor nucleotides is also strongly regulated at multiple levels. Nucleotide synthesis is an energy intensive process that uses multiple metabolic pathways across different cell compartments and several sources of carbon and nitrogen. The processes are regulated at the transcription level by a set of master transcription factors but also at the enzyme level by allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition. Here we review the cellular demands of nucleotide biosynthesis, their metabolic pathways and mechanisms of regulation during the cell cycle. The use of stable isotope tracers for delineating the biosynthetic routes of the multiple intersecting pathways and how these are quantitatively controlled under different conditions is also highlighted. Moreover, the importance of nucleotide synthesis for cell viability is discussed and how this may lead to potential new approaches to drug development in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Lane
- Graduate Center of Toxicology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Biopharm Complex, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Graduate Center of Toxicology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Biopharm Complex, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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42
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Li Y, Li G, Görling B, Luy B, Du J, Yan J. Integrative analysis of circadian transcriptome and metabolic network reveals the role of de novo purine synthesis in circadian control of cell cycle. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004086. [PMID: 25714999 PMCID: PMC4340947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is the major output of the circadian clock in many organisms. We developed a computational method to integrate both circadian gene expression and metabolic network. Applying this method to zebrafish circadian transcriptome, we have identified large clusters of metabolic genes containing mostly genes in purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the metabolic network showing similar circadian phases. Our metabolomics analysis found that the level of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), an intermediate metabolite in de novo purine synthesis, showed significant circadian oscillation in larval zebrafish. We focused on IMP dehydrogenase (impdh), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo purine synthesis, with three circadian oscillating gene homologs: impdh1a, impdh1b and impdh2. Functional analysis revealed that impdh2 contributes to the daily rhythm of S phase in the cell cycle while impdh1a contributes to ocular development and pigment synthesis. The three zebrafish homologs of impdh are likely regulated by different circadian transcription factors. We propose that the circadian regulation of de novo purine synthesis that supplies crucial building blocks for DNA replication is an important mechanism conferring circadian rhythmicity on the cell cycle. Our method is widely applicable to study the impact of circadian transcriptome on metabolism in complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin Görling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Chiong M, Cartes-Saavedra B, Norambuena-Soto I, Mondaca-Ruff D, Morales PE, García-Miguel M, Mellado R. Mitochondrial metabolism and the control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:72. [PMID: 25566542 PMCID: PMC4266092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential processes of vascular development. VSMC have biosynthetic, proliferative, and contractile roles in the vessel wall. Alterations in the differentiated state of the VSMC play a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular stenosis. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in the control of VSMC proliferation, with particular focus on mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondrial activity can be controlled by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, i.e., mitochondrial fusion and fission, and by regulating mitochondrial calcium handling through the interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Alterations in both VSMC proliferation and mitochondrial function can be triggered by dysregulation of mitofusin-2, a small GTPase associated with mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial–ER interaction. Several lines of evidence highlight the relevance of mitochondrial metabolism in the control of VSMC proliferation, indicating a new area to be explored in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chiong
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Cartes-Saavedra
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina García-Miguel
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosemarie Mellado
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Chile
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Metabolic pathway compartmentalization: an underappreciated opportunity? Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 34:73-81. [PMID: 25499800 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For eukaryotic cells to function properly, they divide their intracellular space in subcellular compartments, each harboring specific metabolic activities. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that compartmentalization of metabolic pathways is a prerequisite for certain cellular functions. This has for instance been documented for cellular migration, which relies on subcellular localization of glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration in a cell type-dependent manner. Although exciting, this field is still in its infancy, partly due to the limited availability of methods to study the directionality of metabolic pathways and to visualize metabolic processes in distinct cellular compartments. Nonetheless, advances in this field may offer opportunities for innovative strategies to target deregulated compartmentalized metabolism in disease.
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Glucose and glutamine metabolism control by APC and SCF during the G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:569-81. [PMID: 24604252 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have given us a clue as to how modulations of both metabolic pathways and cyclins by the ubiquitin system influence cell cycle progression. Among these metabolic modulations, an aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis represent an initial step for metabolic machinery adaptation. The enzymes 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and glutaminase-1 (GLS1) maintain a high abundance in glycolytic intermediates (for synthesis of non-essential amino acids, the use of ribose for the synthesis of nucleotides and hexosamine biosynthesis), as well as tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (replenishing the loss of mitochondrial citrate), respectively. On the one hand, regulation of these key metabolic enzymes by ubiquitin ligases anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and Skp1/cullin/F-box (SCF) has revealed the importance of anaplerosis by both glycolysis and glutaminolysis to overcome the restriction point of the G1 phase by maintaining high levels of glycolytic and glutaminolytic intermediates. On the other hand, only glutaminolytic intermediates are necessary to drive cell growth through the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. It is interesting to appreciate how this reorganization of the metabolic machinery, which has been observed beyond cellular proliferation, is a crucial determinant of a cell's decision to proliferate. Here, we explore a unifying view of interactions between the ubiquitin system, metabolic activity, and cyclin-dependent kinase complexes activity during the cell cycle.
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Salabei JK, Hill BG. Mitochondrial fission induced by platelet-derived growth factor regulates vascular smooth muscle cell bioenergetics and cell proliferation. Redox Biol 2013; 1:542-51. [PMID: 24273737 PMCID: PMC3836280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) develop a highly proliferative and synthetic phenotype in arterial diseases. Because such phenotypic changes are likely integrated with the energetic state of the cell, we hypothesized that changes in cellular metabolism regulate VSMC plasticity. VSMCs were exposed to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) and changes in mitochondrial morphology, proliferation, contractile protein expression, and mitochondrial metabolism were examined. Exposure of VSMCs to PDGF resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation and a 50% decrease in the abundance of mitofusin 2. Synthetic VSMCs demonstrated a 20% decrease in glucose oxidation, which was accompanied by an increase in fatty acid oxidation. Results of mitochondrial function assays in permeabilized cells showed few changes due to PDGF treatment in mitochondrial respiratory chain capacity and coupling. Treatment of VSMCs with Mdivi-1—an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission—inhibited PDGF-induced mitochondrial fragmentation by 50% and abolished increases in cell proliferation; however, it failed to prevent PDGF-mediated activation of autophagy and removal of contractile proteins. In addition, treatment with Mdivi-1 reversed changes in fatty acid and glucose oxidation associated with the synthetic phenotype. These results suggest that changes in mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics underlie the hyperproliferative features of the synthetic VSMC phenotype, but do not affect the degradation of contractile proteins. Mitochondrial fragmentation occurring during the transition to the synthetic phenotype could be a therapeutic target for hyperproliferative vascular disorders. PDGF promotes mitochondrial fragmentation in vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF increases metabolic reliance on fatty acids. Mitochondrial fragmentation regulates proliferation and bioenergetics. PDGF-induced bioenergetic and autophagic responses regulate de-differentiation.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- ATP5A1, ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1
- ATP5B, ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide
- Atherosclerosis
- CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1
- DMEM, Delbucco's Eagle Modified Medium
- Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EGTA, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
- Extracellular flux
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FCCP, Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone
- Fis1, mitochondrial fission 1 protein
- Fusion
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- LC3, (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3)
- MOPS, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid
- Metabolism
- NDUFB8, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 8
- NP-40, noniodet P40
- Opa1, optic atrophy 1
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- Restenosis
- SDHB, succinate dehydrogenase subunit B
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TMPD, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K. Salabei
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bradford G. Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Correspondence to: Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Delia Baxter Building, Room 404A, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202 United States. Tel.: +1 502 852 1015; fax: +1 502 852 3663.
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Agathocleous M, Harris WA. Metabolism in physiological cell proliferation and differentiation. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:484-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yang Z, Fujii H, Mohan SV, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Phosphofructokinase deficiency impairs ATP generation, autophagy, and redox balance in rheumatoid arthritis T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2119-34. [PMID: 24043759 PMCID: PMC3782046 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the HLA class II-associated autoimmune syndrome rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD4 T cells are critical drivers of pathogenic immunity. We have explored the metabolic activity of RA T cells and its impact on cellular function and fate. Naive CD4 T cells from RA patients failed to metabolize equal amounts of glucose as age-matched control cells, generated less intracellular ATP, and were apoptosis-susceptible. The defect was attributed to insufficient induction of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a regulatory and rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme known to cause the Warburg effect. Forced overexpression of PFKFB3 in RA T cells restored glycolytic flux and protected cells from excessive apoptosis. Hypoglycolytic RA T cells diverted glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway, generated more NADPH, and consumed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). PFKFB3 deficiency also constrained the ability of RA T cells to resort to autophagy as an alternative means to provide energy and biosynthetic precursor molecules. PFKFB3 silencing and overexpression identified a novel extraglycolytic role of the enzyme in autophagy regulation. In essence, T cells in RA patients, even those in a naive state, are metabolically reprogrammed with insufficient up-regulation of the glycolytic activator PFKFB3, rendering them energy-deprived, ROS- and autophagy-deficient, apoptosis-sensitive, and prone to undergo senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Stanley IA, Ribeiro SM, Giménez-Cassina A, Norberg E, Danial NN. Changing appetites: the adaptive advantages of fuel choice. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:118-27. [PMID: 24018218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cells are capable of metabolizing a variety of carbon substrates, including glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids. Cellular fuel choice not only fulfills specific biosynthetic needs, but also enables programmatic adaptations to stress conditions beyond compensating for changes in nutrient availability. Emerging evidence indicates that specific switches from utilization of one substrate to another can have protective or permissive roles in disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular determinants of cellular fuel preference may provide insights into the homeostatic control of stress responses, and unveil therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight overarching themes encompassing cellular fuel choice; its link to cell fate and function; its advantages in stress protection; and its contribution to metabolic dependencies and maladaptations in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illana A Stanley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sofia M Ribeiro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Giménez-Cassina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erik Norberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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50
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Delineation of the key aspects in the regulation of epithelial monolayer formation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2535-50. [PMID: 23608536 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01435-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation, maintenance, and repair of epithelial barriers are of critical importance for whole-body homeostasis. However, the molecular events involved in epithelial tissue maturation are not fully established. To this end, we investigated the molecular processes involved in renal epithelial proximal-tubule monolayer maturation utilizing transcriptomic, metabolomic, and functional parameters. We uncovered profound dynamic alterations in transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, and nutrient utilization over the maturation process. Proliferating cells exhibited high glycolytic rates and high transcript levels for fatty acid synthesis genes (FASN), whereas matured cells had low glycolytic rates, increased oxidative capacity, and preferentially expressed genes for beta oxidation. There were dynamic alterations in the expression and localization of several adherens (CDH1, -4, and -16) and tight junction (TJP3 and CLDN2 and -10) proteins. Genes involved in differentiated proximal-tubule function, cilium biogenesis (BBS1), and transport (ATP1A1 and ATP1B1) exhibited increased expression during epithelial maturation. Using TransAM transcription factor activity assays, we could demonstrate that p53 and FOXO1 were highly active in matured cells, whereas HIF1A and c-MYC were highly active in proliferating cells. The data presented here will be invaluable in the further delineation of the complex dynamic cellular processes involved in epithelial cell regulation.
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