1
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Li SH, Zhang X, Mei ZL, Liu Y, Ma JA, Zhang FG. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Fluorinated Mycocyclosin Enabled by the Engineered Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38985576 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Installing fluorine atoms onto natural products holds great promise for the generation of fluorinated molecules with improved or novel pharmacological properties. The enzymatic oxidative carbon-carbon coupling reaction represents a straightforward strategy for synthesizing biaryl architectures, but the exploration of this method for producing fluorine-substituted derivatives of natural products remains elusive. Here, in this study, we report the protein engineering of cytochrome P450 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtCYP121) for the construction of a series of new-to-nature fluorine-substituted Mycocyclosin derivatives. This protocol takes advantage of a "hybrid" chemoenzymatic procedure consisting of tyrosine phenol lyase-catalyzed fluorotyrosine preparation from commercially available fluorophenols, intermolecular chemical condensation to give cyclodityrosines, and an engineered MtCYP121-catalyzed intramolecular biphenol coupling reaction to complete the strained macrocyclic structure. Computational mechanistic studies reveal that MtCYP121 employs Cpd I to abstract a hydrogen atom from the proximal phenolic hydroxyl group of the substrate to trigger the reaction. Then, conformational change makes the two phenolic hydroxyl groups close enough to undergo intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer with the assistance of a pocket water molecule. The final diradical coupling process completes the intramolecular C-C bond formation. The efficiency of the biaryl coupling reaction was found to be influenced by various fluorine substitutions, primarily due to the presence of distinct binding conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Ze-Long Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Carrera-Pacheco SE, Mueller A, Puente-Pineda JA, Zúñiga-Miranda J, Guamán LP. Designing cytochrome P450 enzymes for use in cancer gene therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1405466. [PMID: 38860140 PMCID: PMC11164052 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1405466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global socioeconomic burden, as millions of new cases and deaths occur annually. In 2020, almost 10 million cancer deaths were recorded worldwide. Advancements in cancer gene therapy have revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment. An approach with promising potential for cancer gene therapy is introducing genes to cancer cells that encode for chemotherapy prodrug metabolizing enzymes, such as Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which can contribute to the effective elimination of cancer cells. This can be achieved through gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT). CYP enzymes can be genetically engineered to improve anticancer prodrug conversion to its active metabolites and to minimize chemotherapy side effects by reducing the prodrug dosage. Rational design, directed evolution, and phylogenetic methods are some approaches to developing tailored CYP enzymes for cancer therapy. Here, we provide a compilation of genetic modifications performed on CYP enzymes aiming to build highly efficient therapeutic genes capable of bio-activating different chemotherapeutic prodrugs. Additionally, this review summarizes promising preclinical and clinical trials highlighting engineered CYP enzymes' potential in GDEPT. Finally, the challenges, limitations, and future directions of using CYP enzymes for GDEPT in cancer gene therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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3
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Fansher D, Besna JN, Fendri A, Pelletier JN. Choose Your Own Adventure: A Comprehensive Database of Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variants. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5560-5592. [PMID: 38660610 PMCID: PMC11036407 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 BM3 monooxygenase is the topic of extensive research as many researchers have evolved this enzyme to generate a variety of products. However, the abundance of information on increasingly diversified variants of P450 BM3 that catalyze a broad array of chemistry is not in a format that enables easy extraction and interpretation. We present a database that categorizes variants by their catalyzed reactions and includes details about substrates to provide reaction context. This database of >1500 P450 BM3 variants is downloadable and machine-readable and includes instructions to maximize ease of gathering information. The database allows rapid identification of commonly reported substitutions, aiding researchers who are unfamiliar with the enzyme in identifying starting points for enzyme engineering. For those actively engaged in engineering P450 BM3, the database, along with this review, provides a powerful and user-friendly platform to understand, predict, and identify the attributes of P450 BM3 variants, encouraging the further engineering of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas
J. Fansher
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Jonathan N. Besna
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ali Fendri
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
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4
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Cao NT, Cha GS, Kim JH, Lee Y, Yun CH, Nguyen NA. Production of an O-desmethylated product, a major human metabolite, of rabeprazole sulfide by bacterial P450 enzymes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110328. [PMID: 37751627 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Rabeprazole is a common type of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat various peptic disorders. Unlike most PPI drugs, rabeprazole is spontaneously reduced to rabeprazole sulfide (thioether) when it is given to patients. As a result, rabeprazole sulfide is considered one of the active metabolites of rabeprazole. Rabeprazole sulfide is mainly metabolized to desmethyl rabeprazole sulfide by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in people. However, the pharmacological efficacy and safety of desmethyl rabeprazole sulfide have not yet been investigated. Its usage is challenging due to the high cost associated with the drug. In this study, we found CYP102A1 mutants that can produce desmethyl rabeprazole sulfide as a major metabolite of rabeprazole sulfide. The chemical characteristics of the major product were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography, LC-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CYP102A1 mutants R47L/F87V/L188Q, R47L/F87V/L188Q/A335V/Q359R, and R47L/F87V/L188Q/I254V/D351E showed kcat values of 39, 93, and 88 min-1, respectively, for O-desmethylation of rabeprazole sulfide. Furthermore, the highest concentration of desmethyl rabeprazole sulfide product from 2 mM rabeprazole sulfide at optimal conditions was obtained in bacterial whole-cell biotransformation with the R47L/F87V/L188Q mutant, reaching 0.63 mM at 4-h incubation. In conclusion, we present a platform that facilitates the efficient and sustainable production of the desmethylated product from rabeprazole sulfide for use in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tan Cao
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Su Cha
- Namhae Garlic Research Institute, 2465-8 Namhaedaero, Gyeongsangnamdo 52430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Lappe A, Luelf UJ, Keilhammer M, Bokel A, Urlacher VB. Bacterial cytochrome P450 enzymes: Semi-rational design and screening of mutant libraries in recombinant Escherichia coli cells. Methods Enzymol 2023; 693:133-170. [PMID: 37977729 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cytochromes P450 (P450s) have been recognized as attractive targets for biocatalysis and protein engineering. They are soluble cytosolic enzymes that demonstrate higher stability and activity than their membrane-associated eukaryotic counterparts. Many bacterial P450s possess broad substrate spectra and can be produced in well-known expression hosts like Escherichia coli at high levels, which enables quick and convenient mutant libraries construction. However, the majority of bacterial P450s interacts with two auxiliary redox partner proteins, which significantly increase screening efforts. We have established recombinant E. coli cells for screening of P450 variants that rely on two separate redox partners. In this chapter, a case study on construction of a selective P450 to synthesize a precursor of several chemotherapeutics, (-)-podophyllotoxin, is described. The procedure includes co-expression of P450 and redox partner genes in E. coli with subsequent whole-cell conversion of the substrate (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin in 96-deep-well plates. By omitting the chromatographic separation while measuring mass-to-charge ratios specific for the substrate and product via MS in so-called multiple injections in a single experimental run (MISER) LC/MS, the analysis time could be drastically reduced to roughly 1 min per sample. Screening results were verified by using isolated P450 variants and purified redox partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessa Lappe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - U Joost Luelf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirco Keilhammer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ansgar Bokel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vlada B Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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6
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Pogrányi B, Mielke T, Díaz-Rodríguez A, Cartwright J, Unsworth WP, Grogan G. Preparative-Scale Biocatalytic Oxygenation of N-Heterocycles with a Lyophilized Peroxygenase Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214759. [PMID: 36453718 PMCID: PMC10107140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A lyophilized preparation of an unspecific peroxygenase variant from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO-PaDa-I-H) is a highly effective catalyst for the oxygenation of a diverse range of N-heterocyclic compounds. Scalable biocatalytic oxygenations (27 preparative examples, ca. 100 mg scale) have been developed across a wide range of substrates, including alkyl pyridines, bicyclic N-heterocycles and indoles. H2 O2 is the only stoichiometric oxidant needed, without auxiliary electron transport proteins, which is key to the practicality of the method. Reaction outcomes can be altered depending on whether hydrogen peroxide was delivered by syringe pump or through in situ generation using an alcohol oxidase from Pichia pastoris (PpAOX) and methanol as a co-substrate. Good synthetic yields (up to 84 %), regioselectivity and enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) were observed in some cases, highlighting the promise of UPOs as practical, versatile and scalable oxygenation biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Pogrányi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tamara Mielke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alba Díaz-Rodríguez
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jared Cartwright
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William P Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
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7
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Van Stappen C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Heidari H, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Ledray AP, Lu Y. Designing Artificial Metalloenzymes by Tuning of the Environment beyond the Primary Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11974-12045. [PMID: 35816578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination sphere must play an important role in both conferring and tuning their phenomenal catalytic properties, enabling active sites with otherwise similar primary coordination environments to perform a diverse array of biological functions. However, since the interactions beyond the primary coordination sphere are numerous and weak, it has been difficult to pinpoint structural features responsible for the tuning of activities of native enzymes. Designing artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) offers an excellent basis to elucidate the roles of these interactions and to further develop practical biological catalysts. In this review, we highlight how the secondary coordination spheres of ArMs influence metal binding and catalysis, with particular focus on the use of native protein scaffolds as templates for the design of ArMs by either rational design aided by computational modeling, directed evolution, or a combination of both approaches. In describing successes in designing heme, nonheme Fe, and Cu metalloenzymes, heteronuclear metalloenzymes containing heme, and those ArMs containing other metal centers (including those with non-native metal ions and metallocofactors), we have summarized insights gained on how careful controls of the interactions in the secondary coordination sphere, including hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, allow the generation and tuning of these respective systems to approach, rival, and, in a few cases, exceed those of native enzymes. We have also provided an outlook on the remaining challenges in the field and future directions that will allow for a deeper understanding of the secondary coordination sphere a deeper understanding of the secondary coordintion sphere to be gained, and in turn to guide the design of a broader and more efficient variety of ArMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hirbod Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron P Ledray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Okamoto T, Kishimoto S, Watanabe K. Isolation of Natural Prodrug-Like Metabolite by Simulating Human Prodrug Activation in Filamentous Fungus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:304-308. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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9
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Wan NW, Cui HB, Zhao L, Shan J, Chen K, Wang ZQ, Zhou XJ, Cui BD, Han WY, Chen YZ. Directed evolution of cytochrome P450DA hydroxylase activity for stereoselective biohydroxylation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric high throughput screening method was developed based on a dual-enzyme cascade and used for the directed evolution of cytochrome P450 hydroxylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Hai-Bo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Jing Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
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10
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Fessner ND, Grimm C, Srdič M, Weber H, Kroutil W, Schwaneberg U, Glieder A. Natural Product Diversification by One‐Step Biocatalysis using Human P450 3A4. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christopher Grimm
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Matic Srdič
- SeSaM-Biotech GmbH Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Bisy GmbH Wuenschendorf 292 Hofstätten an der Raab 8200 Hofstaetten Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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11
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Perez Ortiz G, Sidda JD, de Los Santos ELC, Hubert CB, Barry SM. In vitro elucidation of the crucial but complex oxidative tailoring steps in rufomycin biosynthesis enables one pot conversion of rufomycin B to rufomycin C. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11795-11798. [PMID: 34676855 PMCID: PMC8577248 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antimycobacterial peptides, rufomycins, have their antibiotic activity conferred by oxidative tailoring of the cyclic peptide. Here we elucidate the roles of cytochrome P450s RufS and RufM in regioselective epoxidation and alkyl oxidation respectively and demonstrate how RufM and RufS create a complex product profile dependent on redox partner availability. Finally, we report the in vitro one pot conversion of rufomycin B to rufomycin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Perez Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, Britannia House, 7 Trinity St, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - John D Sidda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, Britannia House, 7 Trinity St, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | | | - Catherine B Hubert
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, Britannia House, 7 Trinity St, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Sarah M Barry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, Britannia House, 7 Trinity St, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
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12
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Chao RR, Lau ICK, Coleman T, Churchman LR, Child SA, Lee JHZ, Bruning JB, De Voss JJ, Bell SG. The stereoselective oxidation of para-substituted benzenes by a cytochrome P450 biocatalyst. Chemistry 2021; 27:14765-14777. [PMID: 34350662 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The serine 244 to aspartate (S244D) variant of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP199A4 was used to expand its substrate range beyond benzoic acids. Substrates, in which the carboxylate group of the benzoic acid moiety is replaced, were oxidised with high activity by the S244D mutant (product formation rates > 60 nmol.(nmol-CYP) -1 .min -1 ) and with total turnover numbers of up to 20,000. Ethyl α-hydroxylation was more rapid than methyl oxidation, styrene epoxidation and S -oxidation. The S244D mutant catalysed the ethyl hydroxylation, epoxidation and sulfoxidation reactions with an excess of one stereoisomer (in some instances up to >98%). The crystal structure of 4-methoxybenzoic acid-bound CYP199A4 S244D showed that the active site architecture and the substrate orientation were similar to that of the WT enzyme. Overall, this work demonstrates that CYP199A4 can catalyse the stereospecific hydroxylation, epoxidation or sulfoxidation of substituted benzene substrates under mild conditions resulting in more sustainable transformations using this heme monooxygenase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Chao
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ian C-K Lau
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Tom Coleman
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Luke R Churchman
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Stella A Child
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Joel H Z Lee
- The University of Adelaide, The Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - John B Bruning
- The University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - James J De Voss
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Stephen Graham Bell
- University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry & Physics, North Terrace, 5005, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
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Yi D, Bayer T, Badenhorst CPS, Wu S, Doerr M, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT. Recent trends in biocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8003-8049. [PMID: 34142684 PMCID: PMC8288269 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone revolutionary progress in the past century. Benefited by the integration of multidisciplinary technologies, natural enzymatic reactions are constantly being explored. Protein engineering gives birth to robust biocatalysts that are widely used in industrial production. These research achievements have gradually constructed a network containing natural enzymatic synthesis pathways and artificially designed enzymatic cascades. Nowadays, the development of artificial intelligence, automation, and ultra-high-throughput technology provides infinite possibilities for the discovery of novel enzymes, enzymatic mechanisms and enzymatic cascades, and gradually complements the lack of remaining key steps in the pathway design of enzymatic total synthesis. Therefore, the research of biocatalysis is gradually moving towards the era of novel technology integration, intelligent manufacturing and enzymatic total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yi
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Mark Doerr
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
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14
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Advances in enzymatic oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107703. [PMID: 33545329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective oxyfunctionalizations of aliphatic compounds are difficult chemical reactions, where enzymes can play an important role due to their stereo- and regio-selectivity and operation under mild reaction conditions. P450 monooxygenases are well-known biocatalysts that mediate oxyfunctionalization reactions in different living organisms (from bacteria to humans). Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), discovered in fungi, have arisen as "dream biocatalysts" of great biotechnological interest because they catalyze the oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, avoiding the necessity of expensive cofactors and regeneration systems, and only depending on H2O2 for their catalysis. Here, we summarize recent advances in aliphatic oxyfunctionalization reactions by UPOs, as well as the molecular determinants of the enzyme structures responsible for their activities, emphasizing the differences found between well-known P450s and the novel fungal peroxygenases.
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15
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Production of a Human Metabolite of Atorvastatin by Bacterial CYP102A1 Peroxygenase. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a widely used statin drug that prevents cardiovascular disease and treats hyperlipidemia. The major metabolites in humans are 2-OH and 4-OH atorvastatin, which are active metabolites known to show highly inhibiting effects on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. Producing the hydroxylated metabolites by biocatalysts using enzymes and whole-cell biotransformation is more desirable than chemical synthesis. It is more eco-friendly and can increase the yield of desired products. In this study, we have found an enzymatic strategy of P450 enzymes for highly efficient synthesis of the 4-OH atorvastatin, which is an expensive commercial product, by using bacterial CYP102A1 peroxygenase activity with hydrogen peroxide without NADPH. We obtained a set of CYP102A1 mutants with high catalytic activity toward atorvastatin using enzyme library generation, high-throughput screening of highly active mutants, and enzymatic characterization of the mutants. In the hydrogen peroxide supported reactions, a mutant, with nine changed amino acid residues compared to a wild-type among tested mutants, showed the highest catalytic activity of atorvastatin 4-hydroxylation (1.8 min−1). This result shows that CYP102A1 can catalyze atorvastatin 4-hydroxylation by peroxide-dependent oxidation with high catalytic activity. The advantages of CYP102A1 peroxygenase activity over NADPH-supported monooxygenase activity are discussed. Taken together, we suggest that the P450 peroxygenase activity can be used to produce drugs’ metabolites for further studies of their efficacy and safety.
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Li RJ, Zhang Z, Acevedo-Rocha CG, Zhao J, Li A. Biosynthesis of organic molecules via artificial cascade reactions based on cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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17
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Lall MS, Bassyouni A, Bradow J, Brown M, Bundesmann M, Chen J, Ciszewski G, Hagen AE, Hyek D, Jenkinson S, Liu B, Obach RS, Pan S, Reilly U, Sach N, Smaltz DJ, Spracklin DK, Starr J, Wagenaar M, Walker GS. Late-Stage Lead Diversification Coupled with Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Identify New Structure–Activity Relationship Vectors at Nanomole-Scale Synthesis: Application to Loratadine, a Human Histamine H1 Receptor Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7268-7292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder S. Lall
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Asser Bassyouni
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Bradow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Maria Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Bundesmann
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jinshan Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory Ciszewski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne E. Hagen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dennis Hyek
- Spectrix Analytical Services, LLC, 410 Sackett Point Road, Bldg 20, North Haven, Connecticut 06473, United States
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Spectrix Analytical Services, LLC, 410 Sackett Point Road, Bldg 20, North Haven, Connecticut 06473, United States
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Senliang Pan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Usa Reilly
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Neal Sach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel J. Smaltz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas K. Spracklin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeremy Starr
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Melissa Wagenaar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S. Walker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Effects of Different Processed Products of Polygonum multiflorum on the Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5235271. [PMID: 32215041 PMCID: PMC7085390 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5235271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, the changes of the main components of Polygonum multiflorum and different processed products and their effects on hepatotoxicity were investigated. Methods The components of different processed products of Polygonum multiflorum were determined by HPLC. The effects of processed products of different processing time periods on HepG2 cells were detected by using cell count kit-8 and the apoptosis method; the effects of different processed products on the mouse liver were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results With the extension of processing time, the contents of various chemical components in Polygonum multiflorum increased, while the content of stilbene glucoside decreased. The serum of Polygonum multiflorum group and different steaming time groups had obvious inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells. For normal mice, the toxicity of raw Polygonum multiflorum and processed products at different processing time periods had certain toxicity to liver and gradually decreased with the prolongation of processing time. For mice in the liver injury group, the therapeutic effect of raw Polygonum multiflorum and processed products at different processing time periods was not obvious, but there is a trend of treatment. Conclusion The content of the main components in Radix Polygonum multiflorum can be affected by processing time; stilbene glycoside may be the main component leading to liver injury. The degree of liver injury caused by Radix Polygonum multiflorum is negatively correlated with processing time.
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Generation of tetramycin B derivative with improved pharmacological property based on pathway engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2561-2573. [PMID: 31989221 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyene antibiotics, including amphotericin, nystatin, pimaricin, and tetramycin, are important antifungal agents. Increasing the production of polyenes and generation of their improved analogues based on the biosynthetic pathway engineering has aroused wide concern in application researches. Herein, tetramycin and nystatin, both of which share most of acyl-CoA precursors, are produced by Streptomyces hygrospinosus var. beijingensis CGMCC 4.1123. Thus, the intracellular malonyl-CoA is found to be insufficient for PKSs (polyketide synthases) extension of tetramycin by quantitative analysis in this wild-type strain. To circumvent this problem and increase tetramycin titer, the acyl-CoA competing biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of nystatin was disrupted, and the biosynthetic genes of malonyl-CoA from S. coelicolor M145 were integrated and overexpressed in nys-disruption mutant strain (SY02). Moreover, in order to specifically accumulate tetramycin B from A, two copies of tetrK and a copy of tetrF were introduced, resulting in elevating tetramycin B fermentration titer by 122% to 865 ± 8 mg/L than the wild type. In this optimized strain, a new tetramycin derivative, 12-decarboxy-12-methyl tetramycin B, was generated with a titer of 371 ± 26 mg/L through inactivation of a P450 monooxygenase gene tetrG. Compared with tetramycin B, the new compound exhibited higher antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula glutinis, but lower hemolytic toxicity to erythrocyte. This research provided a good example of employing biosynthetic engineering strategies for fermentation titer improvement of polyene and development of the derivatives for medicinal applications.
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Zhang X, Peng Y, Zhao J, Li Q, Yu X, Acevedo-Rocha CG, Li A. Bacterial cytochrome P450-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective steroid hydroxylation enabled by directed evolution and rational design. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSteroids are the most widely marketed products by the pharmaceutical industry after antibiotics. Steroid hydroxylation is one of the most important functionalizations because their derivatives enable a higher biological activity compared to their less polar non-hydroxylated analogs. Bacterial cytochrome P450s constitute promising biocatalysts for steroid hydroxylation due to their high expression level in common workhorses like Escherichia coli. However, they often suffer from wrong or insufficient regio- and/or stereoselectivity, low activity, narrow substrate range as well as insufficient thermostability, which hampers their industrial application. Fortunately, these problems can be generally solved by protein engineering based on directed evolution and rational design. In this work, an overview of recent developments on the engineering of bacterial cytochrome P450s for steroid hydroxylation is presented.
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Rousseau O, Ebert MCCJC, Quaglia D, Fendri A, Parisien AH, Besna JN, Iyathurai S, Pelletier JN. Indigo Formation and Rapid NADPH Consumption Provide Robust Prediction of Raspberry Ketone Synthesis by Engineered Cytochrome P450 BM3. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rousseau
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Maximilian C. C. J. C. Ebert
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Ali Fendri
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Adem H. Parisien
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Jonathan N. Besna
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Saathanan Iyathurai
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
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Directed evolution of carbon–hydrogen bond activating enzymes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Regioselective hydroxylation pathway of tenatoprazole to produce human metabolites by Bacillus megaterium CYP102A1. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Podgorski MN, Coleman T, Chao RR, De Voss JJ, Bruning JB, Bell SG. Investigation of the requirements for efficient and selective cytochrome P450 monooxygenase catalysis across different reactions. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110913. [PMID: 31759265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 metalloenzyme (CYP) CYP199A4 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 catalyzes the highly efficient oxidation of para-substituted benzoic acids. Here we determined crystal structures of CYP199A4, and the binding and turnover parameters, with different meta-substituted benzoic acids in order to establish which criteria are important for efficient catalysis. When compared to the para isomers, the meta-substituted benzoic acids were less efficiently oxidized. For example, 3-formylbenzoic acid was oxidized with lower activity than the equivalent para isomer and 3-methoxybenzoic acid did not undergo O-demethylation by CYP199A4. The structural data highlighted that the meta-substituted benzoic acids bound in the enzyme active site in a modified position with incomplete loss of the distal water ligand of the heme moiety. However, for both sets of isomers the meta- or para-substituent pointed towards, and was in close proximity, to the heme iron. The absence of oxidation activity with 3-methoxybenzoic acid was assigned to the observation that the CH bonds of this molecule point away from the heme iron. In contrast, in the para isomer they are in an ideal location for abstraction. These findings were confirmed by using the bulkier 3-ethoxybenzoic acid as a substrate which removed the water ligand and reoriented the meta-substituent so that the methylene hydrogens pointed towards the heme, enabling more efficient oxidation. Overall we show relatively small changes in substrate structure and position in the active site can have a dramatic effect on the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tom Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Rebecca R Chao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - John B Bruning
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Megarity CF, Siritanaratkul B, Cheng B, Morello G, Wan L, Sills AJ, Heath RS, Turner NJ, Armstrong FA. Electrified Nanoconfined Biocatalysis with Rapid Cofactor Recycling. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare F. Megarity
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | | | - Beichen Cheng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Giorgio Morello
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Adam J. Sills
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Fraser A. Armstrong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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Brandenberg OF, Miller DC, Markel U, Ouald Chaib A, Arnold FH. Engineering Chemoselectivity in Hemoprotein-Catalyzed Indole Amidation. ACS Catal 2019; 9:8271-8275. [PMID: 31938573 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a cytochrome P450 variant that catalyzes C2-amidation of 1-methylindoles with tosyl azide via nitrene transfer. Before evolutionary optimization the enzyme exhibited two undesired side reactivities resulting in reduction of the putative iron-nitrenoid intermediate or cycloaddition between the two substrates to form triazole products. We speculated that triazole formation was a promiscuous cycloaddition activity of the P450 heme domain, while sulfonamide formation likely arose from surplus electron transfer from the reductase domain. Directed evolution involving mutagenesis of both the heme and reductase domains delivered an enzyme providing the desired indole amidation products with up to 8400 turnovers, 90% yield, and a shift in chemoselectivity from 2:19:1 to 110:12:1 in favor of nitrene transfer over reduction or triazole formation. This work expands the substrate scope of hemoprotein nitrene transferases to heterocycles and highlights the adaptability of the P450 scaffold to solve challenging chemoselectivity problems in non-natural enzymatic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver F. Brandenberg
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - David C. Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ulrich Markel
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Anissa Ouald Chaib
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Fessner ND. P450 Monooxygenases Enable Rapid Late-Stage Diversification of Natural Products via C-H Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:2226-2242. [PMID: 31423290 PMCID: PMC6686969 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological potency of natural products has been exploited for decades. Their inherent structural complexity and natural diversity might hold the key to efficiently address the urgent need for the development of novel pharmaceuticals. At the same time, it is that very complexity, which impedes necessary chemical modifications such as structural diversification, to improve the effectiveness of the drug. For this purpose, Cytochrome P450 enzymes, which possess unique abilities to activate inert sp3-hybridised C-H bonds in a late-stage fashion, offer an attractive synthetic tool. In this review the potential of cytochrome P450 enzymes in chemoenzymatic lead diversification is illustrated discussing studies reporting late-stage functionalisations of natural products and other high-value compounds. These enzymes were proven to extend the synthetic toolbox significantly by adding to the flexibility and efficacy of synthetic strategies of natural product chemists, and scientists of other related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of Technology, NAWI GrazPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
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28
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Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:882-897. [PMID: 30739814 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (P450 or CYP) are heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen into nonactivated C-H bonds, often in a regio- and stereoselective manner. This ability, combined with a tremendous number of accepted substrates, makes P450s powerful biocatalysts. Sixty years after their discovery, P450 systems are recognized as essential bio-bricks in synthetic biology approaches to enable production of high-value complex molecules in recombinant hosts. Recent impressive results in protein engineering led to P450s with tailored properties that are even able to catalyze abiotic reactions. The introduction of P450s in artificial multi-enzymatic cascades reactions and chemo-enzymatic processes offers exciting future perspectives to access novel compounds that cannot be synthesized by nature or by chemical routes.
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Peracchi A. The Limits of Enzyme Specificity and the Evolution of Metabolism. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:984-996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Forman V, Bjerg-Jensen N, Dyekjær JD, Møller BL, Pateraki I. Engineering of CYP76AH15 can improve activity and specificity towards forskolin biosynthesis in yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:181. [PMID: 30453976 PMCID: PMC6240942 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forskolin is a high-value diterpenoid produced exclusively by the Lamiaceae plant Coleus forskohlii. Today forskolin is used pharmaceutically for its adenyl-cyclase activating properties. The limited availability of pure forskolin is currently hindering its full utilization, thus a new environmentally friendly, scalable and sustainable strategy is needed for forskolin production. Recently, the entire biosynthetic pathway leading to forskolin was elucidated. The key steps of the pathway are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), which have been shown to be the limiting steps of the pathway. Here we study whether protein engineering of the substrate recognition sites (SRSs) of CYPs can improve their efficiency towards forskolin biosynthesis in yeast. Results As a proof of concept, we engineered the enzyme responsible for the first putative oxygenation step of the forskolin pathway: the conversion of 13R-manoyl oxide to 11-oxo-13R-manoyl oxide, catalyzed by the CYP76AH15. Four CYP76AH15 variants—engineered in the SRS regions—yielded at least a twofold increase of 11-oxo-13R-manoyl oxide when expressed in yeast cells grown in microtiter plates. The highest titers (5.6-fold increase) were observed with the variant A99I, mutated in the SRS1 region. Double or triple CYP76AH15 mutant variants resulted in additional enzymes with optimized performances. Moreover, in planta CYP76AH15 can synthesize ferruginol from miltiradiene. In this work, we showed that the mutants affecting 11-oxo-13R-manoyl oxide synthesis, do not affect ferruginol production, and vice versa. The best performing variant, A99I, was utilized to reconstruct the forskolin biosynthetic pathway in yeast cells. Although these strains showed increased 11-oxo-manoyl oxide production and higher accumulation of other pathway intermediates compared to the native CYP76AH15, lower production of forskolin was observed. Conclusions As demonstrated for CYP76AH15, site-directed mutagenesis of SRS regions of plant CYPs may be an efficient and targeted approach to increase the performance of these enzymes. Although in this work we have managed to achieve higher efficiency and specificity of the first CYP of the pathway, further work is necessary in order to increase the overall production of forskolin in yeast cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1027-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Forman
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Evolva A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,bioSYNergy, Center for Synthetic Biology, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,VILLUM, Research Center for Plant Plasticity, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Irini Pateraki
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. .,bioSYNergy, Center for Synthetic Biology, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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31
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Xu LH, Du YL. Rational and semi-rational engineering of cytochrome P450s for biotechnological applications. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:283-290. [PMID: 30533540 PMCID: PMC6263019 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 enzymes are ubiquitous heme-thiolate proteins performing regioselective and stereoselective oxygenation reactions in cellular metabolism. Due to their broad substrate scope and catalytic versatility, P450 enzymes are also attractive candidates for many industrial and biopharmaceutical applications. For particular uses, enzyme properties of P450s can be further optimized through directed evolution, rational, and semi-rational engineering approaches, all of which introduce mutations within the P450 structures. In this review, we describe the recent applications of these P450 engineering approaches and highlight the key regions and residues that have been identified using such approaches. These “hotspots” lie within critical functional areas of the P450 structure, including the active site, the substrate access channel, and the redox partner interaction interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Hua Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yi-Ling Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author.
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32
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Winkler M, Geier M, Hanlon SP, Nidetzky B, Glieder A. Human Enzymes for Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13406-13423. [PMID: 29600541 PMCID: PMC6334177 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human enzymes have been widely studied in various disciplines. The number of reactions taking place in the human body is vast, and so is the number of potential catalysts for synthesis. Herein, we focus on the application of human enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions in course of the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. Some of these reactions have been explored on the preparative scale. The major field of application of human enzymes is currently drug development, where they are applied for the synthesis of drug metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Winkler
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
- acib GmbHPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | | | | | - Bernd Nidetzky
- acib GmbHPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 128010GrazAustria
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
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33
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Winkler M, Geier M, Hanlon SP, Nidetzky B, Glieder A. Humane Enzyme für die organische Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margit Winkler
- Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie; Technische Universität Graz; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Österreich
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Österreich
| | | | | | - Bernd Nidetzky
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Österreich
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Bioprozesstechnik; Technische Universität Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie; Technische Universität Graz; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Österreich
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34
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McCarl V, Somerville MV, Ly MA, Henry R, Liew EF, Wilson NL, Holmes AJ, Coleman NV. Heterologous Expression of Mycobacterium Alkene Monooxygenases in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Hosts. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00397-18. [PMID: 29802186 PMCID: PMC6052275 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00397-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkene monooxygenases (MOs) are soluble di-iron-containing enzymes found in bacteria that grow on alkenes. Here, we report improved heterologous expression systems for the propene MO (PmoABCD) and ethene MO (EtnABCD) from Mycobacterium chubuense strain NBB4. Strong functional expression of PmoABCD and EtnABCD was achieved in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155, yielding epoxidation activities (62 and 27 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively) higher than any reported to date for heterologous expression of a di-iron MO system. Both PmoABCD and EtnABCD were specialized for the oxidation of gaseous alkenes (C2 to C4), and their activity was much lower on liquid alkenes (C5 to C8). Despite intensive efforts to express the complete EtnABCD enzyme in Escherichia coli, this was not achieved, although recombinant EtnB and EtnD proteins could be purified individually in soluble form. The biochemical function of EtnD as an oxidoreductase was confirmed (1.36 μmol cytochrome c reduced/min/mg protein). Cloning the EtnABCD gene cluster into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 yielded detectable epoxidation of ethene (0.5 nmol/min/mg protein), and this could be stimulated (up to 1.1 nmol/min/mg protein) by the coexpression of cpn60 chaperonins from either Mycobacterium spp. or E. coli Successful expression of the ethene MO in a Gram-negative host was validated by both whole-cell activity assays and peptide mass spectrometry of induced proteins seen on SDS-PAGE gels.IMPORTANCE Alkene MOs are of interest for their potential roles in industrial biocatalysis, most notably for the stereoselective synthesis of epoxides. Wild-type bacteria that grow on alkenes have high activities for alkene oxidation but are problematic for biocatalysis, since they tend to consume the epoxide products. Using recombinant biocatalysts is the obvious alternative, but a major bottleneck is the low activities of recombinant alkene MOs. Here, we provide new high-activity recombinant biocatalysts for alkene oxidation, and we provide insights into how to further improve these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria McCarl
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark V Somerville
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mai-Anh Ly
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Henry
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elissa F Liew
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil L Wilson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Holmes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas V Coleman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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35
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Efficient hydroxylation of cycloalkanes by co-addition of decoy molecules to variants of the cytochrome P450 CYP102A1. J Inorg Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Iwata F, Hirakawa H, Nagamune T. A Stable Artificial Multienzymatic Complex Using a Heterotrimeric Protein From Metallosphaera sedula. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700662. [PMID: 29663675 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are promising biocatalysts for chemical syntheses because they catalyze a variety of oxidations on non-activated hydrocarbons using O2 . However, the requirement of two auxiliary proteins, an electron transfer protein and a reductase, for the catalysis is a major bottleneck for in vitro applications of these monooxygenases. The authors previous study showed that artificial assembly of a bacterial P450 with its auxiliary proteins using a heterotrimeric proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from Sulfolobus solfataricus yields a self-sufficient P450, but partial dissociation of P450 from the complex at catalytic concentrations reduces the apparent specific activity of this self-sufficient P450. In this study, a Metallosphaera sedula PCNA is used, which is currently the most stable heterotrimeric PCNA, to assemble a bacterial P450 with its auxiliary proteins at submicromolar protein concentrations. The apparent specific monooxygenase activity of the M. sedula PCNA-assembled P450 with auxiliary proteins is saturated at protein concentrations of 40 nM, and is 2.1-fold higher than that of the S. solfataricus PCNA-assembled P450. Therefore, M. sedula PCNA represents a versatile tool to facilitate multiple enzymatic reactions, including the P450 monooxygenase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Iwata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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37
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Saab-Rincón G, Alwaseem H, Guzmán-Luna V, Olvera L, Fasan R. Stabilization of the Reductase Domain in the Catalytically Self-Sufficient Cytochrome P450 BM3 by Consensus-Guided Mutagenesis. Chembiochem 2018; 19:622-632. [PMID: 29276819 PMCID: PMC5941085 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The multidomain, catalytically self-sufficient cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium (P450BM3 ) constitutes a versatile enzyme for the oxyfunctionalization of organic molecules and natural products. However, the limited stability of the diflavin reductase domain limits the utility of this enzyme for synthetic applications. In this work, a consensus-guided mutagenesis approach was applied to enhance the thermal stability of the reductase domain of P450BM3 . Upon phylogenetic analysis of a set of distantly related P450s (>38 % identity), a total of 14 amino acid substitutions were identified and evaluated in terms of their stabilizing effects relative to the wild-type reductase domain. Recombination of the six most stabilizing mutations generated two thermostable variants featuring up to tenfold longer half-lives at 50 °C and increased catalytic performance at elevated temperatures. Further characterization of the engineered P450BM3 variants indicated that the introduced mutations increased the thermal stability of the FAD-binding domain and that the optimal temperature (Topt ) of the enzyme had shifted from 25 to 40 °C. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of consensus mutagenesis for enhancing the stability of the reductase component of a multidomain P450. The stabilized P450BM3 variants developed here could potentially provide more robust scaffolds for the engineering of oxidation biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Saab-Rincón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Valeria Guzmán-Luna
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Leticia Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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38
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Schadt S, Bister B, Chowdhury SK, Funk C, Hop CECA, Humphreys WG, Igarashi F, James AD, Kagan M, Khojasteh SC, Nedderman ANR, Prakash C, Runge F, Scheible H, Spracklin DK, Swart P, Tse S, Yuan J, Obach RS. A Decade in the MIST: Learnings from Investigations of Drug Metabolites in Drug Development under the “Metabolites in Safety Testing” Regulatory Guidance. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:865-878. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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39
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Han L, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Lin Y, Wang Q. Designing and Creating a Synthetic Omega Oxidation Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enables Production of Medium-Chain α, ω-Dicarboxylic Acids. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2184. [PMID: 29163455 PMCID: PMC5673993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain (C8–C14) α, ω-dicarboxylic acids (α, ω-DCAs), which have numerous applications as raw materials for producing various commodities and polymers in chemical industry, are mainly produced from chemical or microbial conversion of petroleum-derived alkanes or plant-derived fatty acids at present. Recently, significant attention has been gained to microbial production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from simple renewable sugars. Here, we designed and created a synthetic omega oxidation pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce C10 and C12 α, ω-DCAs from renewable sugars and fatty acids by introducing a heterogeneous cytochrome P450 CYP94C1 and cytochrome reductase ATR1. Furthermore, the deletion of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase genes FAA1 and FAA4 increased the production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from 4.690 ± 0.088 mg/L to 12.177 ± 0.420 mg/L and enabled the production of C14 and C16 α, ω-DCAs at low percentage. But blocking β-oxidation pathway by deleting fatty-acyl coenzyme A oxidase gene POX1 and overexpressing different thioesterase genes had no significant impact on the production and the composition of α, ω-dicarboxylic acids. Overall, our study indicated the potential of microbial production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from renewable feedstocks using engineered yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuangyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wujiu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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40
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Goldsmith M, Tawfik DS. Enzyme engineering: reaching the maximal catalytic efficiency peak. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 47:140-150. [PMID: 29035814 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The practical need for highly efficient enzymes presents new challenges in enzyme engineering, in particular, the need to improve catalytic turnover (kcat) or efficiency (kcat/KM) by several orders of magnitude. However, optimizing catalysis demands navigation through complex and rugged fitness landscapes, with optimization trajectories often leading to strong diminishing returns and dead-ends. When no further improvements are observed in library screens or selections, it remains unclear whether the maximal catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (the catalytic 'fitness peak') has been reached; or perhaps, an alternative combination of mutations exists that could yield additional improvements. Here, we discuss fundamental aspects of the process of catalytic optimization, and offer practical solutions with respect to overcoming optimization plateaus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Goldsmith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Dan S Tawfik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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41
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Ebert MCCJC, Guzman Espinola J, Lamoureux G, Pelletier JN. Substrate-Specific Screening for Mutational Hotspots Using Biased Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian C. C. J. C. Ebert
- Département
de Biochimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec
Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joaquin Guzman Espinola
- Département
de Biochimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec
Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- PROTEO, The Québec
Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular
Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Département
de Biochimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec
Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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42
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Tyzack JD, Furnham N, Sillitoe I, Orengo CM, Thornton JM. Understanding enzyme function evolution from a computational perspective. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 47:131-139. [PMID: 28892668 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we will explore recent computational approaches to understand enzyme evolution from the perspective of protein structure, dynamics and promiscuity. We will present quantitative methods to measure the size of evolutionary steps within a structural domain, allowing the correlation between change in substrate and domain structure to be assessed, and giving insights into the evolvability of different domains in terms of the number, types and sizes of evolutionary steps observed. These approaches will help to understand the evolution of new catalytic and non-catalytic functionality in response to environmental demands, showing potential to guide de novoenzyme design and directed evolution experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Furnham
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sillitoe
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M Orengo
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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43
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Fraraccio S, Strejcek M, Dolinova I, Macek T, Uhlik O. Secondary compound hypothesis revisited: Selected plant secondary metabolites promote bacterial degradation of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE). Sci Rep 2017; 7:8406. [PMID: 28814712 PMCID: PMC5559444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE), which is a common hazardous compound, often accumulates during incomplete reductive dechlorination of higher chlorinated ethenes (CEs) at contaminated sites. Simple monoaromatics, such as toluene and phenol, have been proven to induce biotransformation of cDCE in microbial communities incapable of cDCE degradation in the absence of other carbon sources. The goal of this microcosm-based laboratory study was to discover non-toxic natural monoaromatic secondary plant metabolites (SPMEs) that could enhance cDCE degradation in a similar manner to toluene and phenol. Eight SPMEs were selected on the basis of their monoaromatic molecular structure and widespread occurrence in nature. The suitability of the SPMEs chosen to support bacterial growth and to promote cDCE degradation was evaluated in aerobic microbial cultures enriched from cDCE-contaminated soil in the presence of each SPME tested and cDCE. Significant cDCE depletions were achieved in cultures enriched on acetophenone, phenethyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of each microbial community revealed ubiquitous enrichment of bacteria affiliated with the genera Cupriavidus, Rhodococcus, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. Our results provide further confirmation of the previously stated secondary compound hypothesis that plant metabolites released into the rhizosphere can trigger biodegradation of environmental pollutants, including cDCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fraraccio
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Strejcek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dolinova
- Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Macek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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44
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Levin M, Udi Y, Solomonov I, Sagi I. Next generation matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors - Novel strategies bring new prospects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28636874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic proteolysis of cell surface proteins and extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for tissue homeostasis and cell signaling. These proteolytic activities are mediated predominantly by a family of proteases termed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The growing evidence in recent years that ECM and non-ECM bioactive molecules (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, on top of matrikines and matricryptins) have versatile functions redefines our view on the roles matrix remodeling enzymes play in many physiological and pathological processes, and underscores the notion that ECM proteolytic reaction mechanisms represent master switches in the regulation of critical biological processes and govern cell behavior. Accordingly, MMPs are not only responsible for direct degradation of ECM molecules but are also key modulators of cardinal bioactive factors. Many attempts were made to manipulate ECM degradation by targeting MMPs using small peptidic and organic inhibitors. However, due to the high structural homology shared by these enzymes, the majority of the developed compounds are broad-spectrum inhibitors affecting the proteolytic activity of various MMPs and other zinc-related proteases. These inhibitors, in many cases, failed as therapeutic agents, mainly due to the bilateral role of MMPs in pathological conditions such as cancer, in which MMPs have both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. Despite the important role of MMPs in many human diseases, none of the broad-range synthetic MMP inhibitors that were designed have successfully passed clinical trials. It appears that, designing highly selective MMP inhibitors that are also effective in vivo, is not trivial. The challenges related to designing selective and effective metalloprotease inhibitors, are associated in part with the aforesaid high structural homology and the dynamic nature of their protein scaffolds. Great progress was achieved in the last decade in understanding the biochemistry and biology of MMPs activity. This knowledge, combined with lessons from the past has drawn new "boundaries" for the development of the next-generation MMP inhibitors. These novel agents are currently designed to be highly specific, capable to discriminate between the homologous MMPs and ideally administered as a short-term topical treatment. In this review we discuss the latest progress in the fields of MMP inhibitors in terms of structure, function and their specific activity. The development of novel highly specific inhibitors targeting MMPs paves the path to study complex biological processes associated with ECM proteolysis in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Levin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Udi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Ducharme J, Auclair K. Use of bioconjugation with cytochrome P450 enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017. [PMID: 28625736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation, defined as chemical modification of biomolecules, is widely employed in biological and biophysical studies. It can expand functional diversity and enable applications ranging from biocatalysis, biosensing and even therapy. This review summarizes how chemical modifications of cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) have contributed to improving our understanding of these enzymes. Genetic modifications of P450s have also proven very useful but are not covered in this review. Bioconjugation has served to gain structural information and investigate the mechanism of P450s via photoaffinity labeling, mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) and fluorescence studies. P450 surface acetylation and protein cross-linking have contributed to the investigation of protein complexes formation involving P450 and its redox partner or other P450 enzymes. Finally, covalent immobilization on polymer surfaces or electrodes has benefited the areas of biocatalysis and biosensor design. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cytochrome P450 biodiversity and biotechnology, edited by Erika Plettner, Gianfranco Gilardi, Luet Wong, Vlada Urlacher, Jared Goldstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ducharme
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Xiong S, Wang Y, Yao M, Liu H, Zhou X, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Cell foundry with high product specificity and catalytic activity for 21-deoxycortisol biotransformation. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:105. [PMID: 28610588 PMCID: PMC5470312 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 21-deoxycortisol (21-DF) is the key intermediate to manufacture pharmaceutical glucocorticoids. Recently, a Japan patent has realized 21-DF production via biotransformation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) by purified steroid 11β-hydroxylase CYP11B1. Due to the less costs on enzyme isolation, purification and stabilization as well as cofactors supply, whole-cell should be preferentially employed as the biocatalyst over purified enzymes. No reports as so far have demonstrated a whole-cell system to produce 21-DF. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a whole-cell biocatalyst to achieve 21-DF transformation with high catalytic activity and product specificity. Results In this study, Escherichia coli MG1655(DE3), which exhibited the highest substrate transportation rate among other tested chassises, was employed as the host cell to construct our biocatalyst by co-expressing heterologous CYP11B1 together with bovine adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase. Through screening CYP11B1s (with mutagenesis at N-terminus) from nine sources, Homo sapiens CYP11B1 mutant (G25R/G46R/L52 M) achieved the highest 21-DF transformation rate at 10.6 mg/L/h. Furthermore, an optimal substrate concentration of 2.4 g/L and a corresponding transformation rate of 16.2 mg/L/h were obtained by screening substrate concentrations. To be noted, based on structural analysis of the enzyme-substrate complex, two types of site-directed mutations were designed to adjust the relative position between the catalytic active site heme and the substrate. Accordingly, 1.96-fold enhancement on 21-DF transformation rate (to 47.9 mg/L/h) and 2.78-fold improvement on product/by-product ratio (from 0.36 to 1.36) were achieved by the combined mutagenesis of F381A/L382S/I488L. Eventually, after 38-h biotransformation in shake-flask, the production of 21-DF reached to 1.42 g/L with a yield of 52.7%, which is the highest 21-DF production as known. Conclusions Heterologous CYP11B1 was manipulated to construct E. coli biocatalyst converting 17-OHP to 21-DF. Through the strategies in terms of (1) screening enzymes (with N-terminal mutagenesis) sources, (2) optimizing substrate concentration, and most importantly (3) rational design novel mutants aided by structural analysis, the 21-DF transformation rate was stepwise improved by 19.5-fold along with 4.67-fold increase on the product/byproduct ratio. Eventually, the highest 21-DF reported production was achieved in shake-flask after 38-h biotransformation. This study highlighted above described methods to obtain a high efficient and specific biocatalyst for the desired biotransformation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0720-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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Selective oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds in alkylphenols by a chemomimetic biocatalytic system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5129-E5137. [PMID: 28607077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702317114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds in alkylphenols serves significant roles not only in generation of functionalized intermediates that can be used to synthesize diverse downstream chemical products, but also in biological degradation of these environmentally hazardous compounds. Chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity; controllability; and environmental impact represent the major challenges for chemical oxidation of alkylphenols. Here, we report the development of a unique chemomimetic biocatalytic system originated from the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum The system consisting of CreHI (for installation of a phosphate directing/anchoring group), CreJEF/CreG/CreC (for oxidation of alkylphenols), and CreD (for directing/anchoring group offloading) is able to selectively oxidize the aliphatic C-H bonds of p- and m-alkylated phenols in a controllable manner. Moreover, the crystal structures of the central P450 biocatalyst CreJ in complex with two representative substrates provide significant structural insights into its substrate flexibility and reaction selectivity.
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Jo HY, Park SH, Le TK, Ma SH, Kim D, Ahn T, Joung YH, Yun CH. Peroxide-dependent oxidation reactions catalyzed by CYP191A1 from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1245-1252. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dong C, Ji M, Yang X, Yao J, Chen H. Mechanisms of the transfer hydroformylation catalyzed by rhodium, cobalt, and iridium complexes: Insights from density functional theory study. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chao RR, Lau ICK, De Voss JJ, Bell SG. Modification of an Enzyme Biocatalyst for the Efficient and Selective Oxidative Demethylation ofpara-Substituted Benzene Derivatives. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Chao
- Department of Chemistry; University Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ian C.-K. Lau
- Department of Chemistry; University Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - James J. De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Stephen G. Bell
- Department of Chemistry; University Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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