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Long Y, Jia X, Chu L. Insight into the structure, function and the tumor suppression effect of gasdermin E. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116348. [PMID: 38852642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), which is also known as DFNA5, was first identified as a deafness-related gene that is expressed in cochlear hair cells, and mutation of this gene causes autosomal dominant neurogenic hearing loss. Later studies revealed that GSDME is mostly expressed in the kidney, placenta, muscle and brain cells, but it is expressed at low levels in tumor cells. The GSDME gene encodes the GSDME protein, which is a member of the gasdermin (GSDM) family and has been shown to participate in the induction of apoptosis and pyroptosis. The current literature suggests that Caspase-3 and Granzyme B (Gzm B) can cleave GSDME to generate the active N-terminal fragment (GSDME-NT), which integrates with the cell membrane and forms pores in this membrane to induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, GSDME also forms pores in mitochondrial membranes to release apoptosis factors, such as cytochrome c (Cyt c) and high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi), and subsequently activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In recent years, GSDME has been shown to exert tumor-suppressive effects, suggesting that it has potential therapeutic effects on tumors. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of GSDME and the mechanism by which it induces cell death, and we discuss its tumor suppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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2
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Liu Q, Li M, Sun M, Xin R, Wang Y, Chen Q, Gao X, Lin Z. Depletion of Gsdma1/2/3 alleviates PMA-induced epidermal hyperplasia by inhibiting the EGFR-Stat3/Akt pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 16:mjad080. [PMID: 38115633 PMCID: PMC11253210 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of the skin barrier is essential for maintaining normal skin function. Gasdermin A (GSDMA) is highly expressed in the skin and associated with many skin diseases, such as melanoma and psoriasis. In mice, GSDMA is encoded by three gene homologues, namely Gsdma1, Gsdma2, and Gsdma3. Although Gsdma3 gain-of-function mutations cause hair loss and skin inflammation, Gsdma3-deficient mice do not show any visible phenotypes in skin and hair structures. To explore the physiological function of GSDMA, we generated conventional Gsdma1/2/3 knockout (KO) mice. These mice showed significantly alleviated epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Furthermore, the alleviation of epidermal hyperplasia depended on the expression of Gsdma1/2/3 specifically in keratinocytes. Mechanistically, Gsdma1/2/3 depletion downregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, leading to the decreased EGFR-Stat3/Akt signalling. These results demonstrate that depletion of Gsdma1/2/3 alleviates PMA-induced epidermal hyperplasia partially by inhibiting the EGFR-Stat3/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Manyun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Minli Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ruyue Xin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
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3
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Sarrio D, Colomo S, Moreno-Bueno G. Gasdermin-B (GSDMB) takes center stage in antibacterial defense, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. FEBS J 2024; 291:3060-3071. [PMID: 37997534 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the hottest topics in biomedical research is to decipher the functional implications of the Gasdermin (GSDM) protein family in human pathologies. These proteins are the key effectors of a lytic and pro-inflammatory cell death type termed pyroptosis (also known as "Gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death"). However, ever-growing evidence showed that GSDMs can play multiple and complex roles in a context-dependent manner. In this sense, Gasdermin-B (GSDMB; the only GSDM gene absent in mice and rats) has been implicated in antibacterial defense, numerous inflammatory pathologies (e.g., asthma, ulcerative colitis), and cancer, but both cell death-dependent and -independent functions have been reported in these diseases, fueling the debate on whether GSDMB has genuine pyroptotic capacity. Recently, a series of seminal papers cast light on the GSDMB multitasking capacity by showing that different GSDMB transcriptional isoforms have distinct biological activities. Nonetheless, there are still obscure areas to be clarified on the precise functional involvement of GSDMB translated variants in physiological and pathological conditions. In this viewpoint, we critically discuss the most recent and exciting data on this topic and propose a series of relevant challenges that need to be overcome before GSDMB-driven biomedical applications (as a biomarker of disease risk/progression/outcome or as specific therapeutic target) become a reality in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sarrio
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBm-CISC), Conexión Cáncer (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Colomo
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBm-CISC), Conexión Cáncer (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBm-CISC), Conexión Cáncer (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Sun L, Wang J, Li Y, Kang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Qian S, Xu F. Correlation of gasdermin B staining patterns with prognosis, progression, and immune response in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:567. [PMID: 38711020 PMCID: PMC11075338 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by the gasdermin family. Gasdermin B (GSDMB), as a member of gasdermin family, can promote the occurrence of cell pyroptosis. However, the correlations of the GSDMB expression in colorectal cancer with clinicopathological predictors, immune microenvironment, and prognosis are unclear. METHODS Specimens from 267 colorectal cancer cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to determine GSDMB expression, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, and S100A8+ immune cells. GSDMB expression in cancer cells was scored in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus respectively. GSDMB+ immune cell density was calculated. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. The association of GSDMB expression with other clinicopathological variables and immune cells were also analyzed. Double immunofluorescence was used to identify the nature of GSDMB+ immune cells. Cytotoxicity assays and sensitivity assays were performed to detect the sensitivity of cells to 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS Multivariate survival analysis showed that cytoplasmic GSDMB expression was an independent favorable prognostic indicator. Patients with positive cytoplasmic or nuclear GSDMB expression would benefit from 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. The assays in vitro showed that high GSDMB expression enhanced the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. Patients with positive membranous or nuclear GSDMB expression had more abundant S100A8+ immune cells in the tumor invasive front. Positive nuclear GSDMB expression indicated more CD68+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, GSDMB+ immune cell density in the stroma was associated with a higher neutrophil percentage but a lower lymphocyte counts and monocyte percentage in peripheral blood. Furthermore, the results of double immunofluorescence showed that GSDMB co-expressed with CD68 or S100A8 in stroma cells. CONCLUSION The GSDMB staining patterns are linked to its role in cancer progression, the immune microenvironment, systemic inflammatory response, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and prognosis. Colorectal cancer cells with high GSDMB expression are more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil. However, GSDMB expression in immune cells has different effects on cancer progression from that in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Kang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Senmi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fangying Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China.
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5
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Balasubramanian A, Hsu AY, Ghimire L, Tahir M, Devant P, Fontana P, Du G, Liu X, Fabin D, Kambara H, Xie X, Liu F, Hasegawa T, Xu R, Yu H, Chen M, Kolakowski S, Trauger S, Larsen MR, Wei W, Wu H, Kagan JC, Lieberman J, Luo HR. The palmitoylation of gasdermin D directs its membrane translocation and pore formation during pyroptosis. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadn1452. [PMID: 38530158 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adn1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane perforation elicited by caspase cleavage of the gasdermin D (GSDMD) N-terminal domain (GSDMD-NT) triggers pyroptosis. The mechanisms underlying GSDMD membrane translocation and pore formation are not fully understood. Here, using a proteomic approach, we identified fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a GSDMD-binding partner. S-palmitoylation of GSDMD at Cys191/Cys192 (human/mouse), catalyzed by palmitoyl acyltransferases ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC9 and facilitated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), directly mediated membrane translocation of GSDMD-NT but not full-length GSDMD (GSDMD-FL). Palmitoylation of GSDMD-FL could be induced before inflammasome activation by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), consequently serving as an essential molecular event in macrophage priming. Inhibition of GSDMD palmitoylation suppressed macrophage pyroptosis and IL-1β release, mitigated organ damage, and enhanced the survival of septic mice. Thus, GSDMD-NT palmitoylation is a key regulatory mechanism controlling GSDMD membrane localization and activation, which may offer an additional target for modulating immune activity in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Balasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Systems Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pascal Devant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pietro Fontana
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dang Fabin
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tomoya Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Harvard Center for Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven Kolakowski
- Harvard Center for Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sunia Trauger
- Harvard Center for Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Systems Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhu C, Xu S, Jiang R, Yu Y, Bian J, Zou Z. The gasdermin family: emerging therapeutic targets in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:87. [PMID: 38584157 PMCID: PMC10999458 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The gasdermin (GSDM) family has garnered significant attention for its pivotal role in immunity and disease as a key player in pyroptosis. This recently characterized class of pore-forming effector proteins is pivotal in orchestrating processes such as membrane permeabilization, pyroptosis, and the follow-up inflammatory response, which are crucial self-defense mechanisms against irritants and infections. GSDMs have been implicated in a range of diseases including, but not limited to, sepsis, viral infections, and cancer, either through involvement in pyroptosis or independently of this process. The regulation of GSDM-mediated pyroptosis is gaining recognition as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various diseases. Current strategies for inhibiting GSDMD primarily involve binding to GSDMD, blocking GSDMD cleavage or inhibiting GSDMD-N-terminal (NT) oligomerization, albeit with some off-target effects. In this review, we delve into the cutting-edge understanding of the interplay between GSDMs and pyroptosis, elucidate the activation mechanisms of GSDMs, explore their associations with a range of diseases, and discuss recent advancements and potential strategies for developing GSDMD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ruoyu Jiang
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jinjun Bian
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zui Zou
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Imre G. Pyroptosis in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C784-C794. [PMID: 38189134 PMCID: PMC11193485 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00503.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The field of cell death has witnessed significant advancements since the initial discovery of apoptosis in the 1970s. This review delves into the intricacies of pyroptosis, a more recently identified form of regulated, lytic cell death, and explores the roles of pyroptotic effector molecules, with a strong emphasis on their mechanisms and relevance in various diseases. Pyroptosis, characterized by its proinflammatory nature, is driven by the accumulation of large plasma membrane pores comprised of gasdermin family protein subunits. In different contexts of cellular homeostatic perturbations, infections, and tissue damage, proteases, such as caspase-1 and caspase-4/5, play pivotal roles in pyroptosis by cleaving gasdermins. Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), the most extensively studied member of the gasdermin protein family, is expressed in various immune cells and certain epithelial cells. Upon cleavage by caspases, GSDMD oligomerizes and forms transmembrane pores in the cell membrane, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines. GSDMD-N, the NH2-terminal fragment, displays an affinity for specific lipids, contributing to its role in pore formation in pyroptosis. While GSDMD is the primary focus, other gasdermin family members are also discussed in detail. These proteins exhibit distinct tissue-specific functions and contribute to different facets of cell death regulation. Additionally, genetic variations in some gasdermins have been linked to diseases, underscoring their clinical relevance. Furthermore, the interplay between GSDM pores and the activation of other effectors, such as ninjurin-1, is elucidated, providing insights into the complexity of pyroptosis regulation. The findings underscore the molecular mechanisms that govern pyroptosis and its implications for various physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Imre
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States
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8
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Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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9
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Li M, Jiang P, Yang Y, Xiong L, Wei S, Wang J, Li C. The role of pyroptosis and gasdermin family in tumor progression and immune microenvironment. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:103. [PMID: 38066523 PMCID: PMC10704735 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, distinguishes itself from apoptosis and necroptosis and has drawn increasing attention. Recent studies have revealed a correlation between the expression levels of many pyroptosis-related genes and both tumorigenesis and progression. Despite advancements in cancer treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, the persistent hallmark of cancer enables malignant cells to elude cell death and develop resistance to therapy. Recent findings indicate that pyroptosis can overcome apoptosis resistance amplify treatment-induced tumor cell death. Moreover, pyroptosis triggers antitumor immunity by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, augmenting macrophage phagocytosis, and activating cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Additionally, it transforms "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors, thereby enhancing the antitumor effects of various treatments. Consequently, pyroptosis is intricately linked to tumor development and holds promise as an effective strategy for boosting therapeutic efficacy. As the principal executive protein of pyroptosis, the gasdermin family plays a pivotal role in influencing pyroptosis-associated outcomes in tumors and can serve as a regulatory target. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the relationship between pyroptosis and gasdermin family members, discusses their roles in tumor progression and the tumor immune microenvironment, and analyses the underlying therapeutic strategies for tumor treatment based on pyroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liting Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuhua Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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10
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Slaufova M, Karakaya T, Di Filippo M, Hennig P, Beer HD. The gasdermins: a pore-forming protein family expressed in the epidermis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254150. [PMID: 37771587 PMCID: PMC10523161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins comprise a family of pore-forming proteins, which play critical roles in (auto)inflammatory diseases and cancer. They are expressed as self-inhibited precursor proteins consisting of an aminoterminal cytotoxic effector domain (NT-GSDM) and a carboxyterminal inhibitor domain (GSDM-CT) separated by an unstructured linker region. Proteolytic processing in the linker region liberates NT-GSDM, which translocates to membranes, forms oligomers, and induces membrane permeabilization, which can disturb the cellular equilibrium that can lead to cell death. Gasdermin activation and pore formation are associated with inflammation, particularly when induced by the inflammatory protease caspase-1 upon inflammasome activation. These gasdermin pores allow the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 and induce a lytic type of cell death, termed pyroptosis that supports inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. However, even at the cellular level, the consequences of gasdermin activation are diverse and range from induction of programmed cell death - pyroptosis or apoptosis - to poorly characterized protective mechanisms. The specific effects of gasdermin activation can vary between species, cell types, the membrane that is being permeabilized (plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane, etc.), and the overall biological state of the local tissue/cells. In epithelia, gasdermins seem to play crucial roles. Keratinocytes represent the main cell type of the epidermis, which is the outermost skin layer with an essential barrier function. Compared to other tissues, keratinocytes express all members of the gasdermin family, in part in a differentiation-specific manner. That raises questions regarding the specific roles of individual GSDM family members in the skin, the mechanisms and consequences of their activation, and the potential crosstalk between them. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about gasdermins with a focus on keratinocytes and the skin and discuss the possible roles of the different family members in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Slaufova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tugay Karakaya
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Huang LY, Li ST, Lin SC, Kao CH, Hong CH, Lee CH, Yang LT. Gasdermin A Is Required for Epidermal Cornification during Skin Barrier Regeneration and in an Atopic Dermatitis-Like Model. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1735-1745.e11. [PMID: 36965577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is featured with impaired skin barrier. The stratum corneum and the intercellular tight junctions constitute the permeability barrier, which is essential to protect water loss in the host and prevent pathogen entry. The epidermal barrier is constantly renewed by differentiating keratinocytes through cornification, during which autophagy contributes to elimination of organelles and nucleus. The human GSDMA and its mouse homologs Gsdma1-3 are expressed in the suprabasal epidermis. Although a pyroptotic role of GSDMA/Gsdma1 in host defense against Streptococcus pyogenes has been reported, the physiological function of Gsdma1/a2/a3 in epidermal homeostasis remains elusive. Here, through repeated epidermal barrier disruption, we found that tight junction formation and stratum corneum maturation were defective in the Gsdma1/a3-deficient epidermis. Using comparative gene profiling analysis, mitochondrial respiration measurement, and in vivo tracing of mitophagy, our data indicate that Gsdma1/a3 activation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequently facilitates mitochondrial turnover and epidermal cornification. In calcipotriol (MC903)-induced atopic dermatitis-like animal model, we showed that Gsdma1/a3-deficiency selectively enhanced the T helper type 2 response. Remarkably, the GSDMA expression is reduced in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis compared with that of normal individuals. Gsdma1/a3-deficiency might be involved in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis, likely through GSDMA-mediated epidermal differentiation and cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Huang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ting Li
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Chi Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Heng Kao
- Center of General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tung Yang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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12
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Li R, Xue W, Wei H, Fan Q, Li X, Qiu Y, Cui D. Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13065. [PMID: 37685870 PMCID: PMC10488074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a clinical and pathological syndrome characterized by excessive fat deposition and even steatosis in hepatocytes. It has been proven that liver inflammation induced by fat and its derivatives are involved in the pathogenesis of FLD, while the precise mechanism still remains poorly understood. Pyroptosis is programmed inflammatory cell death driving cell swelling and membrane rupture. Pyroptosis is initiated by the activation of inflammasomes and caspases, which further cleaves and activates various gasdermins, leading to pores forming on the cell membrane and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recent studies demonstrate that pyroptosis occurs in hepatocytes, and inhibiting pyroptosis could effectively reduce fat deposition in the liver and could ameliorate inflammation from FLD, attracting our prime focus on the role of pyroptosis in FLD. In this manuscript, we reviewed the current understanding of pyroptosis in FLD development, aiming to provide new insights and potential research targets for the clinical diagnosis and intervention of FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Weiyue Xue
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiting Wei
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingqing Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Ye Qiu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China;
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (Q.F.); (X.L.)
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13
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Guan F, Luo X, Liu J, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chang J, Fang G, Kang D, Gu H, Luo L, Yang L, Lin Z, Gao X, Liu C, Lei J. GSDMA3 deficiency reprograms cellular metabolism and modulates BCR signaling in murine B cells. iScience 2023; 26:107341. [PMID: 37539041 PMCID: PMC10393796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays a crucial role in B cell differentiation and function. GSDMA3 is related to mitochondrial metabolism and is involved in immune responses. Here, we used Gsdma3 KO mice to examine the effect of GSDMA3 on B cells. The results demonstrated that GSDMA3 deficiency reprogrammed B cell metabolism, evidenced by upregulating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, along with elevated ROS reproduction and reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria. Moreover, the BCR signaling in the KO B cells was impaired. The reduced BCR signaling was associated with decreased BCR clustering, caused by inhibited activation of WASP. However, GSDMA3 deficiency had no effects on B cell development and functions in humoral immunity, which might be associated with the compensation of upregulated GSDMA2 expression and the fine balance between PI3K signaling and BCR signals interaction. Our observations reveal a previously unknown influence of GSDMA3 on B cells under physiological and immunized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guofeng Fang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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14
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Kowalski S, Karska J, Łapińska Z, Hetnał B, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. An overview of programmed cell death: Apoptosis and pyroptosis-Mechanisms, differences, and significance in organism physiology and pathophysiology. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 37269535 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is an essential and heterogeneous process occurring in the life cycle of organisms, from embryonic development and aging to the regulation of homeostasis and organ maintenance. Under this term, we can distinguish many distinct pathways, including apoptosis and pyroptosis. Recently, there has been an increasing comprehension of the mechanisms governing these phenomena and their characteristic features. The coexistence of different types of cell death and the differences and similarities between them has been the subject of many studies. This review aims to present the latest literature in the field of pyroptosis and apoptosis and compare their molecular pathway's elements and significance in the physiology and pathophysiology of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Łapińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Hetnał
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Jin X, Ma Y, Liu D, Huang Y. Role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e249. [PMID: 37125240 PMCID: PMC10130418 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is regarded as a pathological form of cell death with an intracellular program mediated, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and embryonic development. Pyroptosis is a new paradigm of PCD, which has received increasing attention due to its close association with immunity and disease. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death mediated by gasdermin that promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines and contents induced by inflammasome activation. Recently, increasing evidence in studies shows that pyroptosis has a crucial role in inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, neurological diseases (NDs), and metabolic diseases (MDs), suggesting that targeting cell death is a potential intervention for the treatment of these inflammatory diseases. Based on this, the review aims to identify the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to pyroptosis activation and summarizes the current insights into the complicated relationship between pyroptosis and multiple human inflammatory diseases (CVDs, cancer, NDs, and MDs). We also discuss a promising novel strategy and method for treating these inflammatory diseases by targeting pyroptosis and focus on the pyroptosis pathway application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Jin
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yinchu Ma
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Didi Liu
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yi Huang
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
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16
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Privitera G, Rana N, Armuzzi A, Pizarro TT. The gasdermin protein family: emerging roles in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:366-387. [PMID: 36781958 PMCID: PMC10238632 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification and characterization of gasdermin (GSDM) D as the main effector of inflammatory regulated cell death (or pyroptosis), literature on the GSDM family of pore-forming proteins is rapidly expanding, revealing novel mechanisms regulating their expression and functions that go beyond pyroptosis. Indeed, a growing body of evidence corroborates the importance of GSDMs within the gastrointestinal system, underscoring their critical contributions to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal cancers, enteric infections and gut mucosal inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, with this increase in knowledge, several important and controversial issues have arisen regarding basic GSDM biology and its role(s) during health and disease states. These include critical questions centred around GSDM-dependent lytic versus non-lytic functions, the biological activities of cleaved versus full-length proteins, the differential roles of GSDM-expressing mucosal immune versus epithelial cells, and whether GSDMs promote pathogenic or protective effects during specific disease settings. This Review provides a comprehensive summary and interpretation of the current literature on GSDM biology, specifically focusing on the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the main controversial issues and their clinical implications, and addressing future areas of research to unravel the specific role(s) of this intriguing, yet enigmatic, family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Privitera
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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17
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Li S, Bracey S, Liu Z, Xiao TS. Regulation of gasdermins in pyroptosis and cytokine release. Adv Immunol 2023; 158:75-106. [PMID: 37453754 PMCID: PMC10874695 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermins are effectors of pyroptosis downstream of diverse signaling pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that a number of post-translational modifications regulate the function of gasdermins in pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of cell death, and lytic or non-lytic secretion of intracellular contents. These include processing by different caspases and other proteases that may activate or suppress pyroptosis, ubiquitination by a bacterial E3 ligase that suppresses pyroptosis as an immune evasion mechanism, modifications at Cys residues in mammalian or microbial gasdermins that promote or inhibit pyroptosis, and potential phosphorylation that represses pyroptosis. Such diverse regulatory mechanisms by host and microbial proteases, ubiquitin ligases, acyltransferases, kinases and phosphatases may underlie the divergent physiological and pathological functions of gasdermins, and furnish opportunities for therapeutic targeting of gasdermins in infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Syrena Bracey
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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18
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Liu X, Xie F, Ding J, Li S, Li J. Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies gasdermin B as an immunological and prognostic biomarker for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1164214. [PMID: 37064151 PMCID: PMC10101337 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1164214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin (GSDM)-mediated cell lytic death plays an essential role in immunity and tumorigenesis. Despite the association of gasdermin B (GSDMB) with the tumorigenesis of various cancers, whether GSDMB functions as a prognostic biomarker in renal cell carcinoma remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the potential immunological functions and the prognostic value of GSDMB across multiple tumors with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, including analyzing the relationship between GSDMB expression and prognosis, tumor–immune system interactions, immunomodulators, and immune cell infiltration of different tumors. Importantly, elevated expression of GSDMB is an essential factor for the poor prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) patients, suggesting that it might be helpful to predict a survival benefit from a clinical therapy regimen. Furthermore, GSDMB expression promoted the level of CD4+ T-cell infiltration of the tumors but is significantly negatively associated with immature dendritic cells (iDCs) in KIRC. Additionally, we identified TNFRSF25 and TNFSF14 as immunostimulators highly correlated with GSDMB expression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that GSDMB and its interacting proteins might affect tumor growth through the serine metabolism pathway. Our current results demonstrate a promising therapeutic strategy targeting GSDMB and provide new insights into GSDMB as an immunological and prognostic biomarker for KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Ding
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhua Li
- Division of Natural Science, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Jixi Li, ; Suhua Li,
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jixi Li, ; Suhua Li,
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19
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Distinct GSDMB protein isoforms and protease cleavage processes differentially control pyroptotic cell death and mitochondrial damage in cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1366-1381. [PMID: 36899106 PMCID: PMC10154425 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin (GSDM)-mediated pyroptosis is functionally involved in multiple diseases, but Gasdermin-B (GSDMB) exhibit cell death-dependent and independent activities in several pathologies including cancer. When the GSDMB pore-forming N-terminal domain is released by Granzyme-A cleavage, it provokes cancer cell death, but uncleaved GSDMB promotes multiple pro-tumoral effects (invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance). To uncover the mechanisms of GSDMB pyroptosis, here we determined the GSDMB regions essential for cell death and described for the first time a differential role of the four translated GSDMB isoforms (GSDMB1-4, that differ in the alternative usage of exons 6-7) in this process. Accordingly, we here prove that exon 6 translation is essential for GSDMB mediated pyroptosis, and therefore, GSDMB isoforms lacking this exon (GSDMB1-2) cannot provoke cancer cell death. Consistently, in breast carcinomas the expression of GSDMB2, and not exon 6-containing variants (GSDMB3-4), associates with unfavourable clinical-pathological parameters. Mechanistically, we show that GSDMB N-terminal constructs containing exon-6 provoke cell membrane lysis and a concomitant mitochondrial damage. Moreover, we have identified specific residues within exon 6 and other regions of the N-terminal domain that are important for GSDMB-triggered cell death as well as for mitochondrial impairment. Additionally, we demonstrated that GSDMB cleavage by specific proteases (Granzyme-A, Neutrophil Elastase and caspases) have different effects on pyroptosis regulation. Thus, immunocyte-derived Granzyme-A can cleave all GSDMB isoforms, but in only those containing exon 6, this processing results in pyroptosis induction. By contrast, the cleavage of GSDMB isoforms by Neutrophil Elastase or caspases produces short N-terminal fragments with no cytotoxic activity, thus suggesting that these proteases act as inhibitory mechanisms of pyroptosis. Summarizing, our results have important implications for understanding the complex roles of GSDMB isoforms in cancer or other pathologies and for the future design of GSDMB-targeted therapies.
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20
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Balasubramanian A, Ghimire L, Hsu AY, Kambara H, Liu X, Hasegawa T, Xu R, Tahir M, Yu H, Lieberman J, Luo HR. Palmitoylation of gasdermin D directs its membrane translocation and pore formation in pyroptosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529402. [PMID: 36865189 PMCID: PMC9980122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated macrophage pyroptosis plays a critical role in inflammation and host defense. Plasma membrane perforation elicited by caspase-cleaved GSDMD N-terminal domain (GSDMD-NT) triggers membrane rupture and subsequent pyroptotic cell death, resulting in release of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-18. However, the biological processes leading to its membrane translocation and pore formation are not fully understood. Here, using a proteomics approach, we identified fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a GSDMD-binding partner and demonstrated that post-translational palmitoylation of GSDMD at Cys191/Cys192 (human/mouse) led to membrane translocation of GSDMD-NT but not full-length GSDMD. GSDMD lipidation, mediated by palmitoyl acyltransferases ZDHHC5/9 and facilitated by LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), was essential for GSDMD pore-forming activity and pyroptosis. Inhibition of GSDMD palmitoylation with palmitate analog 2-bromopalmitate or a cell permeable GSDMD-specific competing peptide suppressed pyroptosis and IL-1β release in macrophages, mitigated organ damage, and extended the survival of septic mice. Collectively, we establish GSDMD-NT palmitoylation as a key regulatory mechanism controlling GSDMD membrane localization and activation, providing a novel target for modulating immune activity in infectious and inflammatory diseases. One Sentence Summary LPS-induced palmitoylation at Cys191/Cys192 is required for GSDMD membrane translocation and its pore-forming activity in macrophages.
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21
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Protein engineering reveals that gasdermin A preferentially targets mitochondrial membranes over the plasma membrane during pyroptosis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102908. [PMID: 36642180 PMCID: PMC9943860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
When activated, gasdermin family members are thought to be pore-forming proteins that cause lytic cell death. Despite this, numerous studies have suggested that the threshold for lytic cell death is dependent on which gasdermin family member is activated. Determination of the propensity of various gasdermin family members to cause pyroptosis has been handicapped by the fact that for many of them, the mechanisms and timing of their activation are uncertain. In this article, we exploit the recently discovered exosite-mediated recognition of gasdermin D (GSDMD) by the inflammatory caspases to develop a system that activates gasdermin family members in an efficient and equivalent manner. We leverage this system to show that upon activation, GSDMD and gasdermin A (GSDMA) exhibit differential subcellular localization, differential plasma membrane permeabilization, and differential lytic cell death. While GSDMD localizes rapidly to both the plasma membrane and organelle membranes, GSDMA preferentially localizes to the mitochondria with delayed and diminished accumulation at the plasma membrane. As a consequence of this differential kinetics of subcellular localization, N-terminal GSDMA results in early mitochondrial dysfunction relative to plasma membrane permeabilization. This study thus challenges the assumption that gasdermin family members effect cell death through identical mechanisms and establishes that their activation in their respective tissues of expression likely results in different immunological outcomes.
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22
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Ivanov AI, Rana N, Privitera G, Pizarro TT. The enigmatic roles of epithelial gasdermin B: Recent discoveries and controversies. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:48-59. [PMID: 35821185 PMCID: PMC9789163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermin B (GSDMB) belongs to a family of structurally related proteins [(i.e., gasdermins (GSDMs)]. It distinguishes itself from other members by the lack of autoinhibition but clear bioactivity of its full-length form, its preference to bind to phosphatidylinositol phosphates and sulfatides, and the ability to promote both lytic and nonlytic cellular functions. It is the only gasdermin that lacks a mouse ortholog, making in vivo mechanistic studies challenging to perform. GSDMB is abundantly expressed in epithelial cells lining organs that directly interface with the external environment, such as the gastrointestinal tract, with emerging evidence supporting its role in enteric infections, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer. This review discusses the unique features of GSDMB among other gasdermin family members and controversies surrounding GSDMB-dependent mammalian inflammatory cell death (i.e., pyroptosis), including recent discoveries revealing both lytic and nonlytic functions of epithelial-derived GSDMB, particularly during gut health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Giuseppe Privitera
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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23
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Li Z, Xia Z, Yu Y, Cai L, Jian W, Wang T, Xue W, Wang X, Wang B, Zhang P, Yao W, Zhang C, Wang C. A pyroptosis-associated signature plays a role in prognosis prediction in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:204. [PMID: 36163033 PMCID: PMC9513884 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 90% of renal malignancies are RCCs (renal cell carcinomas), and the primary subtype in histology is ccRCC (clear cell RCC). In recent years, pyroptosis has been considered a kind of inflammation-related programmed cell death that participates in the invasion, metastasis, and proliferation of tumour cells, thereby influencing tumour prognosis. Nonetheless, the expression level of pyroptosis-associated genes in RCCs and their relationship with prognosis remain obscure. Results In our research, 44 regulators of pyroptosis that were differentially expressed between normal kidney and ccRCC tissues were identified. ccRCC cases were categorized into 2 subgroups according to prognostic-related DEGs (differentially expressed genes), and there was a significant difference in OS (overall survival) between them. The prognostic value of pyroptosis-associated genes was assessed as a signature based on a cohort from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). Following Cox regression with DEGs and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), a 6-gene signature was established, and all ccRCC cases in the cohort from TCGA were categorized into an LR (low-risk) or HR (high-risk) group (P < 0.001). In combination with clinical features, risk scores were considered a predictive factor of OS in ccRCC. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analyses suggest increased immunity and enrichment of genes related to immunity in the HR group. Conclusions Our findings indicate that genes related to pyroptosis have an important role in tumour immunity and may be used to predict the prognosis of ccRCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01339-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhinan Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yipeng Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Licheng Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wengang Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tengda Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xingyuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenhao Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China. .,Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu City, 322000, China.
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Shining Light on Autophagy in Skin Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192999. [PMID: 36230960 PMCID: PMC9563738 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital process for cell survival and it preserves homeostasis by recycling or disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular constituents. Autophagy ameliorates skin integrity, regulating epidermal differentiation and constitutive pigmentation. It induces melanogenesis and contributes to skin color through melanosome turnover. Autophagy activity is involved in skin phenotypic plasticity and cell function maintenance and, if altered, it concurs to the onset and/or progression of hypopigmentary and hyperpigmentary disorders. Overexpression of autophagy exerts a protective role against the intrinsic metabolic stress occurring in vitiligo skin, while its dysfunction has been linked to the tuberous sclerosis complex hypopigmentation. Again, autophagy impairment reduces melanosome degradation by concurring to pigment accumulation characterizing senile lentigo and melasma. Here we provide an updated review that describes recent findings on the crucial role of autophagy in skin pigmentation, thus revealing the complex interplay among melanocyte biology, skin environment and autophagy. Hence, targeting this process may also represent a promising strategy for treating pigmentary disorders.
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25
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Gámez-Chiachio M, Molina-Crespo Á, Ramos-Nebot C, Martinez-Val J, Martinez L, Gassner K, Llobet FJ, Soriano M, Hernandez A, Cordani M, Bernadó-Morales C, Diaz E, Rojo-Sebastian A, Triviño JC, Sanchez L, Rodríguez-Barrueco R, Arribas J, Llobet-Navás D, Sarrió D, Moreno-Bueno G. Gasdermin B over-expression modulates HER2-targeted therapy resistance by inducing protective autophagy through Rab7 activation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:285. [PMID: 36163066 PMCID: PMC9511784 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gasdermin B (GSDMB) over-expression promotes poor prognosis and aggressive behavior in HER2 breast cancer by increasing resistance to therapy. Decoding the molecular mechanism of GSDMB-mediated drug resistance is crucial to identify novel effective targeted treatments for HER2/GSDMB aggressive tumors. Methods Different in vitro approaches (immunoblot, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, proteomic analysis, immunoprecipitation, and confocal/electron microscopy) were performed in HER2 breast and gastroesophageal carcinoma cell models. Results were then validated using in vivo preclinical animal models and analyzing human breast and gastric cancer samples. Results GSDMB up-regulation renders HER2 cancer cells more resistant to anti-HER2 agents by promoting protective autophagy. Accordingly, the combination of lapatinib with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine increases the therapeutic response of GSDMB-positive cancers in vitro and in zebrafish and mice tumor xenograft in vivo models. Mechanistically, GSDMB N-terminal domain interacts with the key components of the autophagy machinery LC3B and Rab7, facilitating the Rab7 activation during pro-survival autophagy in response to anti-HER2 therapies. Finally, we validated these results in clinical samples where GSDMB/Rab7/LC3B co-expression associates significantly with relapse in HER2 breast and gastric cancers. Conclusion Our findings uncover for the first time a functional link between GSDMB over-expression and protective autophagy in response to HER2-targeted therapies. GSDMB behaves like an autophagy adaptor and plays a pivotal role in modulating autophagosome maturation through Rab7 activation. Finally, our results provide a new and accessible therapeutic approach for HER2/GSDMB + cancers with adverse clinical outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02497-w.
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Role of Caspases and Gasdermin A during HSV-1 Infection in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092034. [PMID: 36146839 PMCID: PMC9504851 DOI: 10.3390/v14092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection can manifest locally as mucocutaneous lesions or keratitis and can also spread to the central nervous system to cause encephalitis. HSV-1 establishes a lifelong latent infection and neither cure nor vaccine is currently available. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against infection. Caspases and gasdermins are important components of innate immunity. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases, most of which mediate regulated cell death. Gasdermins are a family of pore-forming proteins that trigger lytic cell death. To determine whether caspases or gasdermins contribute to innate immune defenses against HSV-1, we screened mice deficient in specific cell death genes. Our results indicate a modest role for caspase-6 in defense against HSV-1. Further, Asc–/–Casp1/11–/– mice also had a modest increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection. Caspase-7, -8, and -14 did not have a notable role in controlling HSV-1 infection. We generated Gsdma1-Gsdma2-Gsdma3 triple knockout mice, which also had normal susceptibility to HSV-1. We confirmed that the previously published importance of RIPK3 during systemic HSV-1 infection also holds true during skin infection. Overall, our data highlight that as a successful pathogen, HSV-1 has multiple ways to evade host innate immune responses.
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Paloschi MV, Boeno CN, Lopes JA, Rego CMA, Silva MDS, Santana HM, Serrath SN, Ikenohuchi YJ, Farias BJC, Felipin KP, Nery NM, Dos Reis VP, de Lima Lemos CT, Evangelista JR, da Silva Setúbal S, Soares AM, Zuliani JP. Reactive oxygen species-dependent-NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human neutrophils induced by l-amino acid oxidase derived from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom. Life Sci 2022; 308:120962. [PMID: 36113732 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
l-Amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma (Cr-LAAO) snake venom is a potent stimulus for neutrophil activation and production of inflammatory mediators, contributing to local inflammatory effects in victims of envenoming. Cr-LAAO triggered the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH) oxidase complex and protein kinase C (PKC)-α signaling protein for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This study aims to evaluate the ROS participation in the NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation in human neutrophil. Human neutrophils were isolated and stimulated for 1 or 2 h with RPMI (negative control), LPS (1 μg/mL, positive control) or Cr-LAAO (50 μg/mL). The neutrophil transcriptome was examined using the microarray technique, and RT-qPCR for confirmation of gene expression. Immunofluorescence assays for NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and GSDMD proteins was performed by Western blot in the presence and/or absence of Apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. IL-1β release was also detected in the presence and/or absence of NLRP3, caspase-1 and NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Results showed that Cr-LAAO upregulated the expression of genes that participate in the NADPH oxidase complex formation and inflammasome assembly. NLRP3 was activated and accumulated in the cytosol forming punctas, indicating its activation. Gasdermin D was not cleaved but lactate dehydrogenase was released. Furthermore, ROS inhibition decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome complex proteins, as observed by protein expression in the presence and/or absence of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. IL-1β was also released, and pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3, caspase-1, and ROS reduced the amount of released cytokine. This is the first report demonstrating the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex via ROS generation by Cr-LAAO, which may lead to the development of local inflammatory effects observed in snakebite victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Valentino Paloschi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Charles Nunes Boeno
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Amaral Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Cristina Matiele Alves Rego
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Milena Daniela Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Hallison Mota Santana
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Suzanne Nery Serrath
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Yoda Janaina Ikenohuchi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Braz Junior Campos Farias
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Kátia Paula Felipin
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Neriane Monteiro Nery
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Valdison Pereira Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Caleb Torres de Lima Lemos
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Jaina Rodrigues Evangelista
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Sulamita da Silva Setúbal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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Wei X, Xie F, Zhou X, Wu Y, Yan H, Liu T, Huang J, Wang F, Zhou F, Zhang L. Role of pyroptosis in inflammation and cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:971-992. [PMID: 35970871 PMCID: PMC9376585 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong inflammatory and immune responses. Pyroptosis, an innate immune response, can be triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors. Activation of these inflammasomes can induce the maturation of caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11, both of which cleave gasdermin D to release its N-terminal domain, which can bind membrane lipids and perforate the cell membrane. Here, we review the latest advancements in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis, newly discovered influencing factors, antitumoral properties, and applications in various diseases. Moreover, this review also provides updates on potential targeted therapies for inflammation and cancers, methods for clinical prevention, and finally challenges and future directions in the field.
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29
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Zhang G, Wang J, Zhao Z, Xin T, Fan X, Shen Q, Raheem A, Lee CR, Jiang H, Ding J. Regulated necrosis, a proinflammatory cell death, potentially counteracts pathogenic infections. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:637. [PMID: 35869043 PMCID: PMC9307826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cell apoptosis, other gene-regulated cell deaths are gradually appreciated, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. Necroptosis is, so far, one of the best-characterized regulated necrosis. In response to diverse stimuli (death receptor or toll-like receptor stimulation, pathogenic infection, or other factors), necroptosis is initiated and precisely regulated by the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) with the involvement of its partners (RIPK1, TRIF, DAI, or others), ultimately leading to the activation of its downstream substrate, mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necroptosis plays a significant role in the host's defense against pathogenic infections. Although much has been recognized regarding modulatory mechanisms of necroptosis during pathogenic infection, the exact role of necroptosis at different stages of infectious diseases is still being unveiled, e.g., how and when pathogens utilize or evade necroptosis to facilitate their invasion and how hosts manipulate necroptosis to counteract these detrimental effects brought by pathogenic infections and further eliminate the encroaching pathogens. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in the role of necroptosis during a series of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections with zoonotic potentials, aiming to provide references and directions for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of both human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- grid.508381.70000 0004 0647 272XShenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Zhanran Zhao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Ting Xin
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qingchun Shen
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Present Address: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chae Rhim Lee
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Present Address: University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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30
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Wang S, Moreau F, Chadee K. Gasdermins in Innate Host Defense Against Entamoeba histolytica and Other Protozoan Parasites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900553. [PMID: 35795683 PMCID: PMC9251357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a group of proteins that are cleaved by inflammatory caspases to induce pore formation in the plasma membrane to cause membrane permeabilization and lytic cell death or pyroptosis. All GSDMs share a conserved structure, containing a cytotoxic N-terminal (NT) pore-forming domain and a C-terminal (CT) repressor domain. Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) in contact with macrophages, triggers outside-in signaling to activate inflammatory caspase-4/1 via the noncanonical and canonical pathway to promote cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Cleavage of GSDMD removes the auto-inhibition that masks the active pore-forming NT domain in the full-length protein by interactions with GSDM-CT. The cleaved NT-GSDMD monomers then oligomerize to form pores in the plasma membrane to facilitate the release of IL-1β and IL-18 with a measured amount of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is an effective way to counteract intracellular parasites, which exploit replicative niche to avoid killing. To date, most GSDMs have been verified to perform pore-forming activity and GSDMD-induced pyroptosis is rapidly emerging as a mechanism of anti-microbial host defence. Here, we review our comprehensive and current knowledge on the expression, activation, biological functions, and regulation of GSDMD cleavage with emphases on physiological scenario and related dysfunctions of each GSDM member as executioner of cell death, cytokine secretion and inflammation against Eh and other protozoan parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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31
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Mari SA, Pluhackova K, Pipercevic J, Leipner M, Hiller S, Engel A, Müller DJ. Gasdermin-A3 pore formation propagates along variable pathways. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2609. [PMID: 35545613 PMCID: PMC9095878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins are main effectors of pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. Released by proteolysis, the N-terminal gasdermin domain assembles large oligomers to punch lytic pores into the cell membrane. While the endpoint of this reaction, the fully formed pore, has been well characterized, the assembly and pore-forming mechanisms remain largely unknown. To resolve these mechanisms, we characterize mouse gasdermin-A3 by high-resolution time-lapse atomic force microscopy. We find that gasdermin-A3 oligomers assemble on the membrane surface where they remain attached and mobile. Once inserted into the membrane gasdermin-A3 grows variable oligomeric stoichiometries and shapes, each able to open transmembrane pores. Molecular dynamics simulations resolve how the membrane-inserted amphiphilic β-hairpins and the structurally adapting hydrophilic head domains stabilize variable oligomeric conformations and open the pore. The results show that without a vertical collapse gasdermin pore formation propagates along a set of multiple parallel but connected reaction pathways to ensure a robust cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania A Mari
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristyna Pluhackova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Matthew Leipner
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Engel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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TSPO Deficiency Exacerbates GSDMD-Mediated Macrophage Pyroptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050856. [PMID: 35269479 PMCID: PMC8909696 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, and its expression tends to increase in response to inflammatory stimulation, rapidly. However, the role of TSPO in inflammation and pyroptosis is not yet clear. Here, we identified TSPO as a novel key regulator of pyroptosis. (2) Methods: TSPO knockout and DSS induced mouse inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models were employed to assess the roles of TSPO in the pathogenesis of IBD. Primary peritoneal macrophages from TSPO knockout mice were applied to evaluate the mechanism of TSPO in cell pyroptosis. Conclusions: in response to inflammatory injury, TSPO expression is rapidly upregulated and provides a protective function against GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, which helps us better understand the biological role of TSPO and a novel regulatory mechanism of the pyroptosis process.
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Chen S, Han B, Geng X, Li P, Lavin MF, Yeo AJ, Li C, Sun J, Peng C, Shao H, Du Z. Microcrystalline silica particles induce inflammatory response via pyroptosis in primary human respiratory epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:385-400. [PMID: 34766707 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the sterile inflammatory response in the respiratory tract induced by exposure to sterile particles has not been fully elucidated. The aim of our study is to explore the earlier events in initiating inflammatory response at molecular and cellular level in primary cultured human airway epithelial cells (AEC) exposed to silica particles in order to provide information for earlier diagnosis and prevention of silica particle-induced toxicity as well as possible information on the genesis of silicosis. We isolated primary AEC from three healthy adults and treated them with silica particles at different concentrations for 48 h. We found evidence for silica-induced inflammasome activation by the co-localization of Caspase-1 and NLRP3, as well as increased levels of IL-1β and IL-18. Lactate dehydrogenase and NucGreen analysis proved the occurrence of pyroptosis. High throughput mRNA sequencing showed that the inflammatory response and NF-κB signaling pathways were significantly enriched in gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis, and pyroptosis-related genes were up-regulated. The miR-455-3p and five lncRNAs (LOC105375913, NEAT1, LOC105375181, LOC100506098, and LOC105369370) were verified as key factors related to the mechanism by ceRNA network analysis. LOC105375913 was first discovered to be associated with inflammation in AEC. These data suggest that microcrystalline silica can induce significant inflammation and pyroptosis in human primary AEC through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway at both the gene and protein levels, and the possible mechanism could be miR-455-3p mediated ceRNA hypothesis. Our data provide a method for the studies of the respiratory toxicity of fine particulate matter and the pathogenesis of early silicosis. The miR-455-3p and five lncRNAs related ceRNA network might be the toxicity mechanism of microcrystalline silica particles to AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangya Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Basic Research & International Cooperation, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Geng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Martin F Lavin
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ryder CB, Kondolf HC, O’Keefe ME, Zhou B, Abbott DW. Chemical Modulation of Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis and Therapeutic Potential. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167183. [PMID: 34358546 PMCID: PMC8810912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a lytic form of programmed cell death, both stimulates effective immune responses and causes tissue damage. Gasdermin (GSDM) proteins are a family of pore-forming executors of pyroptosis. While the most-studied member, GSDMD, exerts critical functions in inflammasome biology, emerging evidence demonstrates potential broad relevance for GSDM-mediated pyroptosis across diverse pathologies. In this review, we describe GSDM biology, outline conditions where inflammasomes and GSDM-mediated pyroptosis represent rational therapeutic targets, and delineate strategies to manipulate these central immunologic processes for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Ryder
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Hannah C. Kondolf
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Meghan E. O’Keefe
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Derek W. Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106,Corresponding author: ()
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Sarrio D, Rojo-Sebastián A, Teijo A, Pérez-López M, Díaz-Martín E, Martínez L, Morales S, García-Sanz P, Palacios J, Moreno-Bueno G. Gasdermin-B Pro-Tumor Function in Novel Knock-in Mouse Models Depends on the in vivo Biological Context. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:813929. [PMID: 35281099 PMCID: PMC8907722 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.813929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDM) genes play complex roles in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Gasdermin-B (GSDMB) is frequently upregulated in human cancers, especially in HER2-amplified breast carcinomas, and can promote diverse pro-tumor functions (invasion, metastasis, therapy-resistance). In particular, the GSDMB shortest translated variant (isoform 2; GSDMB2) increases aggressive behavior in breast cancer cells. Paradoxically, GSDMB can also have tumor suppressor (cell death induction) effects in specific biological contexts. However, whether GSDMB has inherent oncogenic, or tumor suppressor function in vivo has not been demonstrated yet in preclinical mouse models, since mice lack GSDMB orthologue. Therefore, to decipher GSDMB cancer functions in vivo we first generated a novel knock-in mouse model (R26-GB2) ubiquitously expressing human GSDMB2. The comprehensive histopathological analysis of multiple tissues from 75 animals showed that nucleus-cytoplasmic GSDMB2 expression did not clearly affect the overall frequency nor the histology of spontaneous neoplasias (mostly lung carcinomas), but associated with reduced incidence of gastric tumors, compared to wildtype animals. Next, to assess specifically the GSDMB2 roles in breast cancer, we generated two additional double transgenic mouse models, that co-express GSDMB2 with either the HER2/NEU oncogene (R26-GB2/MMTV-NEU mice) or the Polyoma middle-T antigen (R26-GB2/MMTV-PyMT) in breast tumors. Consistent with the pro-tumor effect of GSDMB in HER2+ human breast carcinomas, R26-GB2/MMTV-NEU GSDMB2-positive mice have double breast cancer incidence than wildtype animals. By contrast, in the R26-GB2/MMTV-PyMT model of fast growing and highly metastatic mammary tumors, GSDMB2 expression did not significantly influence cancer development nor metastatic potential. In conclusion, our data prove that GSDMB2 in vivo pro-tumor effect is evidenced only in specific biological contexts (in concert with the HER2 oncogene), while GSDMB2 alone does not have overall intrinsic oncogenic potential in genetically modified mice. Our novel models are useful to identify the precise stimuli and molecular mechanisms governing GSDMB functions in neoplasias and can be the basis for the future development of additional tissue-specific and context-dependent cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sarrio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: David Sarrio, ; Gema Moreno-Bueno,
| | | | - Ana Teijo
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pérez-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saleta Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Palacios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: David Sarrio, ; Gema Moreno-Bueno,
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently identified mechanism of programmed cell death related to Caspase-1 that triggers a series of inflammatory reactions by releasing several proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. The process is characterised by the rupture of cell membranes and the release of cell contents through the mediation of gasdermin (GSDM) proteins. GSDMD is an important member of the GSDM family and plays a critical role in the two pathways of pyroptosis. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Recently, it was revealed that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of DN. In this review, we focus on two types of kidney cells, tubular epithelial cells and renal podocytes, to illustrate the mechanism of pyroptosis in DN and provide new ideas for the prevention, early diagnosis and molecular therapy of DN.
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Molecular and structural aspects of gasdermin family pores and insights into gasdermin-elicited programmed cell death. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2697-2710. [PMID: 34812891 PMCID: PMC8786298 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory and lytic type of programmed cell death (PCD) commenced by inflammasomes, which sense perturbations in the cytosolic environment. Recently, several ground-breaking studies have linked a family of pore-forming proteins known as gasdermins (GSDMs) to pyroptosis. The human genome encodes six GSDM proteins which have a characteristic feature of forming pores in the plasma membrane resulting in the disruption of cellular homeostasis and subsequent induction of cell death. GSDMs have an N-terminal cytotoxic domain and an auto-inhibitory C-terminal domain linked together through a flexible hinge region whose proteolytic cleavage by various enzymes releases the N-terminal fragment that can insert itself into the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane by binding to acidic lipids leading to pore formation. Emerging studies have disclosed the involvement of GSDMs in various modalities of PCD highlighting their role in diverse cellular and pathological processes. Recently, the cryo-EM structures of the GSDMA3 and GSDMD pores were resolved which have provided valuable insights into the pore formation process of GSDMs. Here, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of GSDMs in PCD, structural and molecular aspects of autoinhibition, and pore formation mechanism followed by a summary of functional consequences of gasdermin-induced membrane permeabilization.
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Zou J, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Tang D, Kang R, Chen R. The Versatile Gasdermin Family: Their Function and Roles in Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:751533. [PMID: 34858408 PMCID: PMC8632255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gasdermin (GSDM) family, a novel group of structure-related proteins, consists of GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME/DNFA5, and PVJK/GSDMF. GSDMs possess a C-terminal repressor domain, cytotoxic N-terminal domain, and flexible linker domain (except for GSDMF). The GSDM-NT domain can be cleaved and released to form large oligomeric pores in the membrane that facilitate pyroptosis. The emerging roles of GSDMs include the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes, such as cell differentiation, coagulation, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Here, we introduce the basic structure, activation, and expression patterns of GSDMs, summarize their biological and pathological functions, and explore their regulatory mechanisms in health and disease. This review provides a reference for the development of GSDM-targeted drugs to treat various inflammatory and tissue damage-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixiang Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ding X, Kambara H, Guo R, Kanneganti A, Acosta-Zaldívar M, Li J, Liu F, Bei T, Qi W, Xie X, Han W, Liu N, Zhang C, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhao L, Ma F, Köhler JR, Luo HR. Inflammasome-mediated GSDMD activation facilitates escape of Candida albicans from macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6699. [PMID: 34795266 PMCID: PMC8602704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal sepsis. Inhibition of inflammasome activity confers resistance to polymicrobial and LPS-induced sepsis; however, inflammasome signaling appears to protect against C. albicans infection, so inflammasome inhibitors are not clinically useful for candidiasis. Here we show disruption of GSDMD, a known inflammasome target and key pyroptotic cell death mediator, paradoxically alleviates candidiasis, improving outcomes and survival of Candida-infected mice. Mechanistically, C. albicans hijacked the canonical inflammasome-GSDMD axis-mediated pyroptosis to promote their escape from macrophages, deploying hyphae and candidalysin, a pore-forming toxin expressed by hyphae. GSDMD inhibition alleviated candidiasis by preventing C. albicans escape from macrophages while maintaining inflammasome-dependent but GSDMD-independent IL-1β production for anti-fungal host defenses. This study demonstrates key functions for GSDMD in Candida's escape from host immunity in vitro and in vivo and suggests that GSDMD may be a potential therapeutic target in C. albicans-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Ding
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rongxia Guo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Apurva Kanneganti
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Bei
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenli Han
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ningning Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cunling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1400 VFW Parkway West Roxbury, Boston, MA, 02132, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Julia R Köhler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Sarrió D, Martínez-Val J, Molina-Crespo Á, Sánchez L, Moreno-Bueno G. The multifaceted roles of gasdermins in cancer biology and oncologic therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188635. [PMID: 34656686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the Gasdermin (GSDM) protein family in cancer and other pathologies is one of the hottest topics in biomedical research. There are six GSDMs in humans (GSDMA, B, C, D, GSDME/DFNA5 and PJVK/DFNB59) and, except PJVK, they can trigger cell death mostly by pyroptosis (a form of lytic and pro-inflammatory cell death) but also other mechanisms. The exact role of GSDMs in cancer is intricate, since depending on the biological context, these proteins have diverse cell-death dependent and independent functions, exhibit either pro-tumor or anti-tumor functions, and promote either sensitization or resistance to oncologic treatments. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview on the multifaceted roles of the GSDMs in cancer, and we critically discuss the possibilities of exploiting GSDM functions as determinants of anti-cancer treatment and as novel therapeutic targets, with special emphasis on innovative GSDM-directed nano-therapies. Finally, we discuss the issues to be resolved before GSDM-mediated oncologic therapies became a reality at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sarrió
- Biochemistry Department, UAM, & IIBm "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain..
| | - Jeannette Martínez-Val
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department, Santiago de Compostela University, Avda/ Alfonso X O Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ángela Molina-Crespo
- Biochemistry Department, UAM, & IIBm "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department, Santiago de Compostela University, Avda/ Alfonso X O Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Biochemistry Department, UAM, & IIBm "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; MD Anderson Cancer Center Foundation, c/ Arturo Soria 270, 28033 Madrid, Spain..
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Wu P, Shi J, Sun W, Zhang H. Identification and validation of a pyroptosis-related prognostic signature for thyroid cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:523. [PMID: 34627252 PMCID: PMC8502398 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death triggered by inflammasomes. However, the roles of pyroptosis-related genes in thyroid cancer (THCA) remain still unclear. Objective This study aimed to construct a pyroptosis-related signature that could effectively predict THCA prognosis and survival. Methods A LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed to build a prognostic model based on the expression profile of each pyroptosis-related gene. The predictive value of the prognostic model was validated in the internal cohort. Results A pyroptosis-related signature consisting of four genes was constructed to predict THCA prognosis and all patients were classified into high- and low-risk groups. Patients with a high-risk score had a poorer overall survival (OS) than those in the low-risk group. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves assessed and verified the predictive performance of this signature. Multivariate analysis showed the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Tumor immune cell infiltration and immune status were significantly higher in low-risk groups, which indicated a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Of the four pyroptosis-related genes in the prognostic signature, qRT-PCR detected three of them with significantly differential expression in THCA tissues. Conclusion In summary, our pyroptosis-related risk signature may have an effective predictive and prognostic capability in THCA. Our results provide a potential foundation for future studies of the relationship between pyroptosis and the immunotherapy response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02231-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyuan Shi
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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42
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Rodríguez-Antonio I, López-Sánchez GN, Uribe M, Chávez-Tapia NC, Nuño-Lámbarri N. Role of the inflammasome, gasdermin D, and pyroptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2720-2727. [PMID: 34050551 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by a multiprotein complex called the inflammasome through the pro-inflammatory activity of gasdermin D. This study aimed to recognize the final biological product that leads to pore formation in the cell membrane, lysis, pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and the establishment of an immune response. An exhaustive search engine investigation of an elevated immune response can induce a sustained inflammation that directly links this mechanism to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clinical studies and systematic reviews suggest that gasdermin D is a critical molecule between the immune response and the disease manifestation, which could be considered a therapeutic target for highly prevalent diseases characterized by presenting perpetuated inflammatory processes. Both basic and clinical research show evidence on the expression and regulation of the inflammasome-gasdermin D-pyroptosis trinomial for the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Médica Sur Clinic Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norberto C Chávez-Tapia
- Traslational Research Unit, Médica Sur Clinic Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico.,Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Médica Sur Clinic Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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43
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Banerjee S, Huang Z, Wang Z, Nakashima A, Saito S, Sharma S, Cheng S. Etiological Value of Sterile Inflammation in Preeclampsia: Is It a Non-Infectious Pregnancy Complication? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:694298. [PMID: 34485175 PMCID: PMC8415471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.694298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of sterile inflammation and its associated biological triggers and diseases is still at the elementary stage. This becomes more warranted in cases where infections are not associated with the pathology. Detrimental effects of bacterial and viral infections on the immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface as well as pregnancy outcomes have been well documented. However, an infection-induced etiology is not thought to be a major contributing component to severe pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes. How is then an inflammatory signal thought to be associated with these pregnancy complications? It is not clear what type of inflammation is involved in the onset of PE-like features. We opine that sterile inflammation regulated by the inflammasome-gasdermins-caspase-1 axis is a contributory factor to the onset of PE. We hypothesize that increased production and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or Alarmins such as high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), cell-free fetal DNA, uric acid, the NOD-like receptor pyrin-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, IL-1β and IL-18 occur in the PE placenta. Some of these molecules have already been observed in the placenta from women with PE. Mechanistically, emerging evidence has demonstrated that excessive placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, impaired autophagy and gasdermine D (GSDMD)-mediated intrinsic pyroptosis are key events that contribute to systemic sterile inflammation in patients with PE, especially early-onset PE (e-PE). In this review, we highlight the advances on the roles of sterile inflammation and inflammatory signaling cascades involving ER stress, autophagy deficiency and pyroptosis in PE pathophysiology. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying these inflammatory pathways may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to treat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zheping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhengke Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shibin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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44
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Du T, Gao J, Li P, Wang Y, Qi Q, Liu X, Li J, Wang C, Du L. Pyroptosis, metabolism, and tumor immune microenvironment. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e492. [PMID: 34459122 PMCID: PMC8329701 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to a wide range of stimulations, host cells activate pyroptosis, a kind of inflammatory cell death which is provoked by the cytosolic sensing of danger signals and pathogen infection. In manipulating the cleavage of gasdermins (GSDMs), researchers have found that GSDM proteins serve as the real executors and the deterministic players in fate decisions of pyroptotic cells. Whether inflammatory characteristics induced by pyroptosis could cause damage the host or improve immune activity is largely dependent on the context, timing, and response degree. Here, we systematically review current points involved in regulatory mechanisms and the multidimensional roles of pyroptosis in several metabolic diseases and the tumor microenvironment. Targeting pyroptosis may reveal potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Du
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Qiuchen Qi
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker DetectionJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical LaboratoryJinanShandongChina
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker DetectionJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical LaboratoryJinanShandongChina
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45
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Hansen JM, de Jong MF, Wu Q, Zhang LS, Heisler DB, Alto LT, Alto NM. Pathogenic ubiquitination of GSDMB inhibits NK cell bactericidal functions. Cell 2021; 184:3178-3191.e18. [PMID: 34022140 PMCID: PMC8221529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermin B (GSDMB) belongs to a large family of pore-forming cytolysins that execute inflammatory cell death programs. While genetic studies have linked GSDMB polymorphisms to human disease, its function in the immunological response to pathogens remains poorly understood. Here, we report a dynamic host-pathogen conflict between GSDMB and the IpaH7.8 effector protein secreted by enteroinvasive Shigella flexneri. We show that IpaH7.8 ubiquitinates and targets GSDMB for 26S proteasome destruction. This virulence strategy protects Shigella from the bacteriocidic activity of natural killer cells by suppressing granzyme-A-mediated activation of GSDMB. In contrast to the canonical function of most gasdermin family members, GSDMB does not inhibit Shigella by lysing host cells. Rather, it exhibits direct microbiocidal activity through recognition of phospholipids found on Gram-negative bacterial membranes. These findings place GSDMB as a central executioner of intracellular bacterial killing and reveal a mechanism employed by pathogens to counteract this host defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Hansen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maarten F de Jong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Li-Shu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David B Heisler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Laura T Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Neal M Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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46
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Ye Y, Dai Q, Qi H. A novel defined pyroptosis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:71. [PMID: 33828074 PMCID: PMC8026591 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly malignant gynaecological tumour that has a very poor prognosis. Pyroptosis has been demonstrated in recent years to be an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. However, the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in OC and their correlations with prognosis remain unclear. In this study, we identified 31 pyroptosis regulators that were differentially expressed between OC and normal ovarian tissues. Based on these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), all OC cases could be divided into two subtypes. The prognostic value of each pyroptosis-related gene for survival was evaluated to construct a multigene signature using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. By applying the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method, a 7-gene signature was built and classified all OC patients in the TCGA cohort into a low- or high-risk group. OC patients in the low-risk group showed significantly higher survival possibilities than those in the high-risk group (P < 0.001). Utilizing the median risk score from the TCGA cohort, OC patients from a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort were divided into two risk subgroups, and the low-risk group had increased overall survival (OS) time (P = 0.014). Combined with the clinical characteristics, the risk score was found to be an independent factor for predicting the OS of OC patients. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that immune-related genes were enriched and that the immune status was decreased in the high-risk group. In conclusion, pyroptosis-related genes play important roles in tumour immunity and can be used to predict the prognosis of OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qinjin Dai
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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47
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Jeong D, Qomaladewi NP, Lee J, Park SH, Cho JY. The Role of Autophagy in Skin Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, and Epidermal Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 140:1691-1697. [PMID: 32800183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human skin acts as a barrier to protect our bodies from UV rays and external pathogens and to prevent water loss. Phenotypes of aging, or natural aging due to chronic damage, include wrinkles and the reduction of skin thickness that occur because of a loss of skin cell function. The dysregulation of autophagy, a lysosome-related degradation pathway, can lead to cell senescence, cancer, and various human diseases due to abnormal cellular homeostasis. Here, we discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of autophagy involved in the anti-aging effects of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and aging in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Jeong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
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48
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Yu P, Zhang X, Liu N, Tang L, Peng C, Chen X. Pyroptosis: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:128. [PMID: 33776057 PMCID: PMC8005494 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 887] [Impact Index Per Article: 295.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family. A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors. The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds. In this review, we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis, explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors, and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment. In addition, we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis. In brief, pyroptosis is a double-edged sword for tumors. The rational use of this dual effect will help us further explore the formation and development of tumors, and provide ideas for patients to develop new drugs based on pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Yu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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49
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De Schutter E, Roelandt R, Riquet FB, Van Camp G, Wullaert A, Vandenabeele P. Punching Holes in Cellular Membranes: Biology and Evolution of Gasdermins. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:500-513. [PMID: 33771452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gasdermin (GSDM) family has evolved as six gene clusters (GSDMA-E and Pejvakin, PJVK), and GSDM proteins are characterized by a unique N-terminal domain (N-GSDM). With the exception of PJVK, the N-GSDM domain is capable of executing plasma membrane permeabilization. Depending on the cell death modality, several protease- and kinase-dependent mechanisms directly regulate the activity of GSDME and GSDMD, the two most widely expressed and best-studied GSDMs. We provide an overview of all GSDMs in terms of biological function, tissue expression, activation, regulation, and structure. In-depth phylogenetic analysis reveals that GSDM genes show many gene duplications and deletions, suggesting that strong evolutionary forces and a unique position of the PJVK gene are associated with the occurrence of complex inner-ear development in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke De Schutter
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franck B Riquet
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Methusalem program Cell Death Activity Regulation in Inflammation and Cancer (CEDAR-IC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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50
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Liu X, Xia S, Zhang Z, Wu H, Lieberman J. Channelling inflammation: gasdermins in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:384-405. [PMID: 33692549 PMCID: PMC7944254 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermins were recently identified as the mediators of pyroptosis — inflammatory cell death triggered by cytosolic sensing of invasive infection and danger signals. Upon activation, gasdermins form cell membrane pores, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines and alarmins and damage the integrity of the cell membrane. Roles for gasdermins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, deafness and cancer are emerging, revealing potential novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we review current knowledge of the family of gasdermins, focusing on their mechanisms of action and roles in normal physiology and disease. Efforts to develop drugs to modulate gasdermin activity to reduce inflammation or activate more potent immune responses are highlighted. Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a recently characterized protein family that mediate a programmed inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Here, Lieberman and colleagues review current understanding of the expression, activation and regulation of GSDMs, highlighting their roles in cell death, cytokine secretion and inflammation. Emerging opportunities to develop GSDM-targeted drugs and the associated challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiyu Xia
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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