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Joeh E, Reeves AE, Parker CG, Huang ML. Mapping Interactions between Glycans and Glycan-Binding Proteins by Live Cell Proximity Tagging. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e104. [PMID: 33861898 PMCID: PMC8274366 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between glycans and glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) consist of weak, noncovalent, and transient binding events, making them difficult to study in live cells void of a static, isolated system. Furthermore, the glycans are often presented as protein glycoconjugates, but there are limited efforts to identify these proteins. Proximity labeling permits covalent tagging of the glycoprotein interactors to query GBP in live cells. Coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, it facilitates determination of the proteins bearing the interacting glycans. In this method, fusion protein constructs of a GBP of interest with a peroxidase enzyme allows for in situ spatiotemporal radical-mediated tagging of interacting glycoproteins in living cells that can be enriched for identification. Using this method, the capture and study of glycan-GBP interactions no longer relies on weak, transient interactions, and results in robust capture and identification of the interactome of a GBP while preserving the native cellular environment. This protocol focuses on (1) expression and characterization of a recombinant fusion protein consisting of a peroxidase and the GBP galectin-3, (2) corresponding in situ labeling and visualization of interactors, (3) and proteomic workflow and analysis of captured proteins for robust identification using mass spectrometry. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant fusion protein Alternate Protocol 1: Manual Ni-NTA purification of recombinant fusion protein Basic Protocol 2: In situ proximity labeling and evaluation by fluorescence microscopy Alternate Protocol 2: Western blot analysis of in situ proximity labeling Basic Protocol 3: Proximity labeling of cells for quantitative MS-based proteomics with tandem mass tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Joeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Abigail E Reeves
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Mia L Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida.,Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
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2
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Feizi T. Nanolithography of biointerfaces. Faraday Discuss 2019; 219:262-275. [PMID: 31453621 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article is based on the Concluding remarks made at the Faraday Discussion meeting on Nanolithography of Biointerfaces, held in London, UK, 3-5th July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ten Feizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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3
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Li Z, Feizi T. The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology-based microarrays and future prospects. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3976-3991. [PMID: 30074246 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology is the basis of a state-of-the-art oligosaccharide microarray system, which we offer for screening analyses to the broad scientific community. We review here the sequential development of the technology and its power in pinpointing and isolating naturally occurring ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) within glycan populations. We highlight our Designer Array approach and Beam Search Array approach for generating natural glycome arrays to identify novel ligands of biological relevance. These two microarray approaches have been applied for assignments of ligands or antigens on glucan polysaccharides for effector proteins of the immune system (Dectin-1, DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) on bacterial hydrolases. We also discuss here the more recent applications to elucidate the structure of a prostate cancer- associated antigen F77 and identify ligands for adhesins of two rotaviruses, P[10] and P[19], expressed on an epithelial mucin glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK
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4
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Hanashima S, Götze S, Liu Y, Ikeda A, Kojima-Aikawa K, Taniguchi N, Varón Silva D, Feizi T, Seeberger PH, Yamaguchi Y. Defining the Interaction of Human Soluble Lectin ZG16p and Mycobacterial Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1502-11. [PMID: 25919894 PMCID: PMC5896728 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ZG16p is a soluble mammalian lectin that interacts with mannose and heparan sulfate. Here we describe detailed analysis of the interaction of human ZG16p with mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) by glycan microarray and NMR. Pathogen-related glycan microarray analysis identified phosphatidylinositol mono- and di-mannosides (PIM1 and PIM2) as novel ligand candidates of ZG16p. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and transferred NOE experiments with chemically synthesized PIM glycans indicate that PIMs preferentially interact with ZG16p by using the mannose residues. The binding site of PIM was identified by chemical-shift perturbation experiments with uniformly (15)N-labeled ZG16p. NMR results with docking simulations suggest a binding mode of ZG16p and PIM glycan; this will help to elucidate the physiological role of ZG16p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Akemi Ikeda
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa
- The Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610 (Japan)
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan).
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5
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Feizi T. Carbohydrate recognition in the immune system: contributions of neoglycolipid-based microarrays to carbohydrate ligand discovery. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1292:33-44. [PMID: 23834439 PMCID: PMC4260124 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharide sequences in glycomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes are enormously diverse. The reasons are not fully understood, but there is an increasing number of examples of the involvement of specific oligosaccharide sequences as ligands in protein-carbohydrate interactions in health and, directly or indirectly, in every major disease, be it infectious or noninfectious. The pinpointing and characterizing of oligosaccharide ligands within glycomes has been one of the most challenging aspects of molecular cell biology, as oligosaccharides cannot be cloned and are generally available in limited amounts. This overview recounts the background to the development of a microarray system that is poised for surveying proteomes for carbohydrate-binding activities and glycomes for assigning the oligosaccharide ligands. Examples are selected by way of illustrating the potential of "designer" microarrays for ligand discovery at the interface of infection, immunity, and glycobiology. Particularly highlighted are sulfo-oligosaccharide and gluco-oligosaccharide recognition systems elucidated using microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ten Feizi
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Talabnin K, Aoki K, Saichua P, Wongkham S, Kaewkes S, Boons GJ, Sripa B, Tiemeyer M. Stage-specific expression and antigenicity of glycoprotein glycans isolated from the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. Int J Parasitol 2012; 43:37-50. [PMID: 23174105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Infection by Opisthorchis viverrini (liver fluke) is a major public health problem in southeastern Asia, resulting in hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma. Fluke surface glycoconjugates are prominently presented to the host, thereby constituting a crucial immunological interface that can determine the parasite's success in establishing infection. Therefore, N- and O-linked glycoprotein glycan profiles of the infective metacercarial stage and of the mature adult were investigated by nanospray ionisation-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS(n)). Glycan immunogenicity was investigated by immunoblotting with serum from infected humans. Metacercariae and adult parasites exhibit similar glycan diversity, although the prevalence of individual glycans and glycan classes varies by stage. The N-glycans of the metacercaria are mostly high mannose and monofucosylated, truncated-type oligosaccharides (62.7%), with the remainder processed to complex and hybrid type glycans (37.3%). The N-linked glycan profile of the adult is also dominated by high mannose and monofucosylated, truncated-type oligosaccharides (80.0%), with a smaller contribution from complex and hybrid type glycans (20.0%). At both stages, complex and hybrid type glycans are detected as mono-, bi-, tri-, or tetra-antennary structures. In metacercariae and adults, O-linked glycans are detected as mono- to pentasaccharides. The mucin type core 1 structure, Galβ1-3GalNAc, predominates in both stages but is less prevalent in the adult than in the metacercaria. Immunogenic recognition of liver fluke glycoproteins is reduced after deglycosylation but infected human serum was unable to recognise glycans released from peptides. Therefore, the most potent liver fluke antigenic epitopes are mixed determinants, comprised of glycan and polypeptide elements.
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8
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Kawasaki N, Kawasaki T. Recognition of Endogenous Ligands by C-Type Lectins:Interaction of Serum Mannan-binding Protein with Tumor-associated Oligosaccharide Epitopes. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2010. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.22.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Phaneuf LR, Lillie BN, Hayes MA, Turner PV. Binding of mouse mannan-binding lectins to different bacterial pathogens of mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 118:129-33. [PMID: 17493687 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans have one mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in circulation but rodents, pigs, rabbits and rhesus monkeys have two, MBL-A and MBL-C. Plasma forms of these proteins have similar mannan-binding activity in vitro, but might differ in their ability to bind other microbial targets. In these studies, we compared carbohydrate-dependent binding of mouse plasma MBL-A and MBL-C to mannan-sepharose beads and to intact bacteria isolated as pathogens from mice. After incubation of mouse plasma with intact bacteria, MBL-A and MBL-C were eluted with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and identified in nonreducing SDS-PAGE using Western blot analysis and MBL-A or MBL-C specific monoclonal antibodies. GlcNAc eluates of plasma incubated with mannan-sepharose beads, Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus aureus contained similar bands (mainly approximately 50kDa) that were immunoreactive with MBL-C antibody. Furthermore, a smaller form of MBL-C (approximately 45kDa) was detected bound to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By comparison, immunoreactive MBL-A (a ladder of approximately 175kDa and larger bands) was identified in these GlcNAc eluates from mannan-sepharose beads, S. aureus and K. oxytoca but not P. aeruginosa. These studies demonstrate that mouse MBL-A and MBL-C in plasma are not equivalent in their ability to recognize bacteria that are pathogens for mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise R Phaneuf
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Terada M, Khoo KH, Inoue R, Chen CI, Yamada K, Sakaguchi H, Kadowaki N, Ma BY, Oka S, Kawasaki T, Kawasaki N. Characterization of Oligosaccharide Ligands Expressed on SW1116 Cells Recognized by Mannan-binding Protein. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:10897-913. [PMID: 15634673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a C-type serum lectin and activates complement through the lectin pathway when it binds to ligand sugars such as mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose on microbes. In addition, the vaccinia virus carrying the human MBP gene was shown to exhibit potent growth inhibitory activity toward human colorectal carcinoma, SW1116, cells in nude mice. We have proposed calling this activity MBP-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (MDCC) (Ma, Y., Uemura, K., Oka, S., Kozutsumi, Y., Kawasaki, N., and Kawasaki, T. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 371-375). In this study, the MBP ligands on the surface of SW1116 cells were characterized. Initial experiments involving plant lectins and anti-Lewis antibodies as inhibitors of MBP binding to SW1116 cells indicated that fucose plays a crucial role in the interaction. Subsequently, Pronase glycopeptides were prepared from whole cell lysates, and oligosaccharides were liberated by hydrazinolysis. After being tagged by pyridylamination, MBP ligand oligosaccharides were isolated with an MBP affinity column, and then their sequences were determined by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry after permethylation, in combination with endo-beta-galactosidase digestion and chemical defucosylation. The MBP ligands were shown to be large, multiantennary N-glycans carrying a highly fucosylated polylactosamine type structure. At the nonreducing termini, Le(b)/Le(a) or tandem repeats of the Le(a) structure prevail, a substantial proportion of which are attached via internal Le(x) or N-acetyllactosamine units to the trimannosyl core. The structures characterized are unique and distinct from those of other previously reported tumor-specific carbohydrate antigens. It is concluded that MBP requires clusters of tandem repeats of the Le(b)/Le(a) epitope for recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Terada
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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11
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Arnold JN, Radcliffe CM, Wormald MR, Royle L, Harvey DJ, Crispin M, Dwek RA, Sim RB, Rudd PM. The Glycosylation of Human Serum IgD and IgE and the Accessibility of Identified Oligomannose Structures for Interaction with Mannan-Binding Lectin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6831-40. [PMID: 15557177 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the glycosylation of human serum IgD and IgE indicated that oligomannose structures are present on both Igs. The relative proportion of the oligomannose glycans is consistent with the occupation of one N-linked site on each heavy chain. We evaluated the accessibility of the oligomannose glycans on serum IgD and IgE to mannan-binding lectin (MBL). MBL is a member of the collectin family of proteins, which binds to oligomannose sugars. It has already been established that MBL binds to other members of the Ig family, such as agalactosylated glycoforms of IgG and polymeric IgA. Despite the presence of potential ligands, MBL does not bind to immobilized IgD and IgE. Molecular modeling of glycosylated human IgD Fc suggests that the oligomannose glycans located at Asn(354) are inaccessible because the complex glycans at Asn(445) block access to the site. On IgE, the additional C(H)2 hinge domain blocks access to the oligomannose glycans at Asn(394) on one H chain by adopting an asymmetrically bent conformation. IgE contains 8.3% Man(5)GlcNAc(2) glycans, which are the trimmed products of the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligomannose precursor. The presence of these structures suggests that the C(H)2 domain flips between two bent quaternary conformations so that the oligomannose glycans on each chain become accessible for limited trimming to Man(5)GlcNAc(2) during glycan biosynthesis. This is the first study of the glycosylation of human serum IgD and IgE from nonmyeloma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Arnold
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Immunochemistry Unit and Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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12
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Aida-Hyugaji S, Takano K, Takada T, Hosoya H, Kojima N, Mizuochi T, Inoue Y. Theoretical studies of binding of mannose-binding protein to monosaccharides. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Saevarsdottir S, Vikingsdottir T, Valdimarsson H. The potential role of mannan-binding lectin in the clearance of self-components including immune complexes. Scand J Immunol 2004; 60:23-9. [PMID: 15238070 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system. It recognizes certain sugar residues arranged in a pattern that enables MBL to bind with sufficient strength. Such sugar patterns are common on the surface of many microorganisms, and MBL has therefore been considered to be an agent that can discriminate between self and nonself. There is, however, increasing evidence supporting that MBL, like many membrane-bound C-type lectin-like receptors, also helps to dispose of various outworn or abnormal body components. Most self-components are protected with sialic acid or galactose that disrupt the pattern of the sugars that MBL can bind, but MBL may be significantly involved in the elimination of self-components that have lost these protective terminal residues. The role of MBL in the clearance of invading pathogens has previously been thoroughly reviewed. Here, we review some findings that support the notion that MBL may contribute to noninflammatory removal of immune complexes and abnormal cells by the reticuloendothelial system. Defects in this clearance mechanism may cause an accumulation of potentially dangerous self-components, thereby increasing the likelihood of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saevarsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reyjavik, Iceland
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Ten Feizi
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, Northwick Park Hospital Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK.
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Ying H, Ji X, Hart ML, Gupta K, Saifuddin M, Zariffard MR, Spear GT. Interaction of mannose-binding lectin with HIV type 1 is sufficient for virus opsonization but not neutralization. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004; 20:327-35. [PMID: 15117456 DOI: 10.1089/088922204322996563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a microbe-recognition protein in serum, binds to high mannose glycans on HIV-1 gp120 and has been reported to neutralize the cell line-adapted strain HIV(IIIB). Because HIV primary isolates (PI) are generally more resistant to neutralization by antibodies and considering that PI are produced in primary cells that could alter the number of high mannose glycans on HIV relative to cell lines, we assessed the ability to MBL to neutralize HIV PI. MBL at concentrations up to 50 microg/ml mediated relatively little neutralization (<20%) of HIV PI infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). MBL-neutralizing activity was slightly higher for cell line-adapted HIV infection of the H9 T cell line (up to 64% at 50 microg/ml). However, this effect was specific for H9 cells since MBL did not neutralize cell line-adapted virus infection of PBMCs, HIV PI infection of the GHOST cell line, or VSV pseudotyped with HIV gp160 from cell line-derived virus or PI. In contrast to its low activity in neutralization assays, MBL efficiently bound infectious HIV PI and opsonized HIV PI for uptake by monocytic cells. These results show that both PI and cell line-adapted HIV, despite binding of MBL, are relatively resistant to neutralization by levels of MBL normally present in serum. However, binding and opsonization of HIV by MBL may alter virus trafficking and viral-antigen presentation during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ying
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Uemura K, Ma Y, Nakagawa T, Kawasaki N, Kawasaki T. Preparation of recombinant mannan-binding protein with a native oligomeric structure. Methods Enzymol 2003; 363:16-26. [PMID: 14579564 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Uemura
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Hart ML, Saifuddin M, Spear GT. Glycosylation inhibitors and neuraminidase enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding and neutralization by mannose-binding lectin. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:353-360. [PMID: 12560567 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.18734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type lectin component of the human innate immune system, binds to the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum glucosidases and Golgi mannosidase as well as neuraminidase (NA) on the interaction between HIV and MBL. Production of HIV in the presence of the mannosidase I inhibitor deoxymannojirimycin (dMM) significantly enhanced binding of HIV to MBL and increased MBL neutralization of an M-tropic HIV primary isolate. In contrast, culturing HIV in the presence of alpha-glucosidase I and II inhibitors castanospermine and deoxynojirimycin only slightly affected virus binding and neutralization by MBL. Removal of sialic acid from HIV by NA also significantly enhanced virus binding and neutralization by MBL. Treatment of virus grown in the presence of dMM with endoglycosidase F1 substantially reduced binding to MBL, indicating that dMM increased MBL binding by increasing high-mannose carbohydrates on the virus. In contrast, endoglycosidase F1 did not decrease the MBL interaction with NA-treated virus, suggesting that NA exposed novel MBL binding sites. Treatment with dMM increased the immunocapture of HIV by monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 2G12, indicating that altering the glycosylation of viral glycoproteins increases the accessibility or reactivity of some epitopes. This study shows that specific alterations of the N-linked carbohydrates on HIV gp120/gp41 can enhance MBL-mediated neutralization of virus by strengthening the interaction of HIV-1 with MBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hart
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, 1563 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mohammed Saifuddin
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, 1563 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gregory T Spear
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, 1563 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Nakagawa T, Kawasaki N, Ma Y, Uemura K, Kawasaki T. Antitumor activity of mannan-binding protein. Methods Enzymol 2003; 363:26-33. [PMID: 14579565 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Nakagawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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19
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20
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Kuroda Y, Nakata M, Hirose S, Shirai T, Iwamoto M, Izui S, Kojima N, Mizuochi T. Abnormal IgG galactosylation in MRL-lpr/lpr mice: pathogenic role in the development of arthritis. Pathol Int 2001; 51:909-15. [PMID: 11844062 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop arthritis by an increase in the incidence of agalactosylated oligosaccharides in serum IgG, similar to rheumatoid arthritis patients. However, whether this association has a pathogenic significance is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the oligosaccharide structure of serum IgG in various MRL mice with or without arthritis, to clarify the relationship between the oligosaccharide abnormality and the development of arthritis. The level of agalactosylation in serum IgG was comparable in both arthritis-free MRL/lpr and MRL-+/+ (MRL/+) mice at 6 weeks of age. In contrast, the incidence of IgG lacking galactose markedly increased in MRL/lpr mice at 6 months of age (the age at which arthritis occurred), compared with that from age-matched MRL/+ mice without arthritis. However, the proportion of agalactosylated IgG increased similarly in anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody-treated MRL/lpr mice at 6 months of age, despite the absence of the development of arthritis, because of depletion of CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that the abnormality in IgG galactosylation of MRL/lpr mice developed in an age-dependent manner, but it did so independently of CD4+ T cell-dependent B-cell activation and is not a consequence of the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuroda
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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21
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Kuroda Y, Nakata M, Nose M, Kojima N, Mizuochi T. Abnormal IgG galactosylation and arthritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) or MRL-FasL(gld) mice are under the control of the MRL genetic background. FEBS Lett 2001; 507:210-4. [PMID: 11684100 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MRL mice bearing the lpr (Fas) or gld (Fas ligand) mutation, MRL-Fas(lpr) or MRL-FasL(gld), respectively, develop arthritis similar to rheumatoid arthritis, but C3H and C57BL/6 mice bearing such mutations do not. In MRL-Fas(lpr) mice, agalactosylated oligosaccharides in serum IgG increase significantly in comparison to MRL-+/+ mice without arthritis. In this study, an increased level of agalactosylation in IgG, as compared to MRL-+/+, was found in both MRL-Fas(lpr) and MRL-FasL(gld) mice. In contrast, the incidence of IgG without galactose was comparable among C3H-Fas(lpr), C3H-FasL(gld), and C3H-+/+ mice as well as between C57BL/6-Fas(lpr) and C57BL/6-+/+ mice. These results suggest that the increase in agalactosylated IgG and the development of arthritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) and MRL-FasL(gld) mice are controlled by the MRL genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuroda
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Muto S, Takada T, Matsumoto K. Biological activities of human mannose-binding lectin bound to two different ligand sugar structures, Lewis A and Lewis B antigens and high-mannose type oligosaccharides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1527:39-46. [PMID: 11420141 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biological activities of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) which binds to different ligands on mammalian cells were examined using two types of Colo205 cells, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line: one naturally expressing Lewis A and Lewis B antigens as ligands for MBL (NT-Colo205), and the other modified to express high-mannose type oligosaccharides by treatment with benzyl-2-acetamide-2-deoxy-alpha-galactopyranoside and 1-deoxymannojirimycin (Bz+dMM-Colo205). Although the final lysis was not observed, the deposition of C4 and C3 was observed on both types of Colo205 cells after treatment with MBL and complements as a result of complement activation by MBL. MBL bound to Bz+dMM-Colo205 could also activate human peripheral blood leukocytes and induce superoxide production; however, MBL bound to NT-Colo205 could not. This may be explained by the lower affinity of MBL to Lewis A and Lewis B antigens than to high-mannose type oligosaccharides under physiological conditions, since MBL bound to NT-Colo205 was more easily released from the cell surface than that bound to Bz+dMM-Colo205 at 37 degrees C. These findings suggest that the difference in the affinity of MBL to its ligands could influence the expression of some biological activities of MBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, 274-8510, Chiba, Japan.
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23
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Chiba H, Sano H, Iwaki D, Murakami S, Mitsuzawa H, Takahashi T, Konishi M, Takahashi H, Kuroki Y. Rat mannose-binding protein a binds CD14. Infect Immun 2001; 69:1587-92. [PMID: 11179331 PMCID: PMC98060 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.3.1587-1592.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been known to induce inflammation by interacting with CD14, which serves as a receptor for LPS. Mannose-binding protein (MBP) belongs to the collectin subgroup of the C-type lectin superfamily, along with surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D. We have recently demonstrated that SP-A modulates LPS-induced cellular responses by interaction with CD14 (H. Sano, H. Sohma, T. Muta, S. Nomura, D. R. Voelker, and Y. Kuroki, J. Immunol. 163:387-395, 2000) and that SP-D also interacts with CD14 (H. Sano, H. Chiba, D. Iwaki, H. Sohma, D. R. Voelker, and Y. Kuroki, J. Biol. Chem. 275:22442-22451, 2000). In this study, we examined whether MBP, a collectin highly homologous to SP-A and SP-D, could bind CD14. Recombinant rat MBP-A bound recombinant human soluble CD14 in a concentration-dependent manner. Its binding was not inhibited in the presence of excess mannose or EDTA. MBP-A bound deglycosylated CD14 treated with N-glycosidase F, neuraminidase, and O-glycosidase, indicating that MBP-A interacts with the peptide portion of CD14. Since LPS was also a ligand for the collectins, we compared the characteristics of binding of MBP-A to LPS with those of binding to CD14. MBP-A bound to lipid A from Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota and rough LPS (S. enterica serovar Minnesota Re595 and Escherichia coli J5, Rc), but not to smooth LPS (E. coli O26:B6 and O111:B4). Unlike CD14 binding, EDTA and excess mannose attenuated the binding of MBP-A to rough LPS. From these results, we conclude that CD14 is a novel ligand for MBP-A and that MBP-A utilizes a different mechanism for CD14 recognition from that for LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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24
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Isac-García J, Calvo-Flores F, Hernández-Mateo F, Santoyo-González F. Synthesis of Glycosylamines from Glycosyl Isothiocyanates and Bis(tributyltin) Oxide. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200101)2001:2<383::aid-ejoc383>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Solís D, Bruix M, González L, Díaz-Mauriño T, Rico M, Jiménez-Barbero J, Feizi T. Carrier protein-modulated presentation and recognition of an N-glycan: observations on the interactions of Man(8) glycoform of ribonuclease B with conglutinin. Glycobiology 2001; 11:31-6. [PMID: 11181559 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conglutinin is a serum lectin of the innate immune system, which binds high mannose N-glycans when these are appropriately presented on proteins. Here we use the conglutinin-ribonuclease B (RNaseB)-recognition system as a model to investigate the structural basis of selective recognition of protein-bound oligosaccharides by this carbohydrate-binding receptor. Conglutinin shows little binding to the isolated RNaseB-Man(8 )glycoform, and no binding to Man(5-6) glycoforms. In contrast, when the protein moiety is reduced and denatured we observe that conglutinin binds strongly to the isolated RNaseB-Man(8) glycoform and weakly to the Man(5-6) glycoforms. These results are in accord with observations on the binding to the N-glycans in the absence of carrier protein. NMR analyses of native RNaseB-Man(8) and -Man(5-6) glycoforms reveal that the three-dimensional structure of the protein moiety is essentially identical to that of non-glycosylated RNase (RNaseA). Thus there are no perceptible differences between the RNase protein forms that could account for differential availability of the N-glycan for conglutinin-binding. After reduction and denaturation, the NMR spectrum became typical of a non-structured polypeptide, although the conformational preferences of the N-glycosidic linkage were unchanged, and most importantly, the Man(8 )oligosaccharide retained the average conformational behavior of the free oligosaccharide irrespective of the carrier protein fold. This conformational freedom is clearly not translated into full availability of the oligosaccharide for the carbohydrate-recognition protein. We propose, therefore, that the differing bioactivity of the N-glycan is a reflection of the existence of different geometries of presentation of the carbohydrate determinant in relation to the protein surface within the glycan:carrier protein ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, C.S.I.C., Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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26
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González L, Bruix M, Díaz-Mauriño T, Feizi T, Rico M, Solís D, Jiménez-Barbero J. Conformational studies of the Man8 oligosaccharide on native ribonuclease B and on the reduced and denatured protein. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 383:17-27. [PMID: 11097172 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific presentation of oligosaccharides in the context of carrier proteins can influence markedly their recognition by carbohydrate-binding proteins. On RNaseB, the Man5-9 N-glycans at Asn-34 are bound by the serum lectin conglutinin when the glycoprotein is reduced and denatured, but there is no binding to the N-glycans on the native form of RNaseB. The RNaseB Man8, which is a glycoform preferentially bound by conglutinin, is the subject of the present study. The conformational behavior of the protein-linked oligosaccharide Man8 is investigated on the native and on the reduced and denatured RNaseB, using a combination of NMR and theoretical calculations. Quantitative data on the NOESY crosspeaks have been obtained, thereby allowing the comparison of mobilities of homologous linkages within the glycan chain. Oligosaccharide conformations compatible with the NMR data have been explored by molecular modeling of the free oligosaccharide, using two different force fields (AMBER and SYBYL). There are some differences between the results produced by the two force fields, the AMBER simulations providing a better agreement with the experimental data. The results indicate that both on the native and on the reduced heat-denatured glycoprotein, the RNase Man8 oligosaccharide exhibits a conformational behavior very similar to that of the free oligosaccharide. However, this conformational freedom of the N-glcyan does not amount to full availability for carbohydrate-recognition proteins and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L González
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Kogelberg H, Lawson AM, Muskett FW, Carruthers RA, Feizi T. Expression in Escherichia coli, folding in vitro, and characterization of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the natural killer cell receptor NKR-P1A. Protein Expr Purif 2000; 20:10-20. [PMID: 11035945 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NKR-P1A is a homodimeric type II transmembrane protein of the C-type lectin family found on natural killer (NK) cells and NK-like T cells and is an activator of cytotoxicity. Toward structure determination by NMR, the recombinant carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of NKR-P1A has been expressed in high-yield in Escherichia coli and folded in vitro. The purified protein behaves as a monomer in size-exclusion chromatography and is bound by the conformation-sensitive antibody, 3.2.3, indicating a folded structure. A polypeptide tag at the N-terminus is selectively cleaved from the CRD after limited trypsin digestion in further support of a compact folded structure. The disulfide bonds have been identified by peptide mapping and electrospray mass spectrometry. These are characteristic of a long form CRD. The 1D NMR spectrum of the unlabeled CRD and the 2D HSQC spectrum of the (15)N-labeled CRD are those of a folded protein. Chemical shifts of H(alpha) and NH protons indicate a considerable amount of beta-strand structure. Successful folding in the absence of Ca(2+), coupled with the lack of chemical shift changes upon addition of Ca(2+), suggests that the NKR-P1A-CRD may not be a Ca(2+)-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kogelberg
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Campus, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
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28
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Feizi T. Progress in deciphering the information content of the 'glycome'--a crescendo in the closing years of the millennium. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:553-65. [PMID: 11421348 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011022509500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The closing years of the second millennium have been uplifting for carbohydrate biology. Optimism that oligosaccharide sequences are bearers of crucial biological information has been borne out by the constellation of efforts of carbohydrate chemists, biochemists, immunochemists, and cell- and molecular biologists. The direct involvement of specific oligosaccharide sequences in protein targeting and folding, and in mechanisms of infection, inflammation and immunity is now unquestioned. With the emergence of families of proteins with carbohydrate-binding activities, assignments of information content for defined oligosaccharide sequences will become more common, but the pinpointing and elucidation of the bioactive domains on oligosaccharides will continue to pose challenges even to the most experienced carbohydrate biologists. The neoglycolipid technology incorporates some of the key requirements for this challenge: namely the resolution of complex glycan mixtures, and ligand binding coupled with sequence determination by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Feizi
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College School of Medicine, Harrow, United Kingdom.
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29
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Saitoh M, Sano H, Chiba H, Murakami S, Iwaki D, Sohma H, Voelker DR, Akino T, Kuroki Y. Importance of the carboxy-terminal 25 amino acid residues of lung collectins in interactions with lipids and alveolar type II cells. Biochemistry 2000; 39:1059-66. [PMID: 10653651 DOI: 10.1021/bi9917939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are structurally related members of the collectin family found in the alveolar compartment of the lung. SP-A binds dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and galactosylceramide (GalCer), induces liposome aggregation, and regulates the uptake and secretion of surfactant lipids by alveolar type II cells in vitro. SP-D binds phosphatidylinositol (PI) and glucosylceramide. The purpose of this study was to identify a critical stretch of primary sequence in the SP-A region Cys(204)-Phe(228) and the SP-D region Cys(331)-Phe(355) that is involved in protein-specific lipid and type II cell interactions. Chimeras ad1 and ad2 were constructed with rat SP-A/SP-D splice junctions at Cys(218)/Gly(346) and Lys(203)/Cys(331), respectively. Chimera ad1 but not ad2 retained DPPC liposome binding activity. Both chimeras retained significant binding to GalCer liposomes. Chimera ad1 did not bind to PI, whereas chimera ad2 acquired a significant PI binding. Both chimeras failed to induce liposome aggregation and to interact with alveolar type II cells. In addition, monoclonal antibody 1D6 that blocks specific SP-A functions did not recognize either chimera. From these results, we conclude that (1) the SP-A region Leu(219)-Phe(228) is required for liposome aggregation and interaction with alveolar type II cells, (2) the SP-A region Cys(204)-Cys(218) is required for DPPC binding, (3) the SP-D region Cys(331)-Phe(355) is essential for minimal PI binding, and (4) the epitope for mAb 1D6 is located at the region contiguous to the SP-A region Leu(219)-Phe(228).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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30
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Mizuochi T, Nakata M. HIV infection and oligosaccharides: a novel approach to preventing HIV infection and the onset of AIDS. J Infect Chemother 1999; 5:190-195. [PMID: 11810515 DOI: 10.1007/s101560050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/1999] [Accepted: 08/20/1999] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) is triggered by binding of a glycoprotein called gp120 on the viral surface to CD4 molecules on the surface of target cells. Half of the gp120 glycoprotein is composed of oligosaccharides. It has been found that the gp120 oligosaccharides are essential in HIV infection and that high-mannose type oligosaccharides present in the gp120 molecule are especially critical. Investigation of gp120 oligosaccharides not only clarified the roles of oligosaccharides in HIV infection but also indicated a way to create novel anti-HIV agents by focusing on oligosaccharides. This review introduces the significance of oligosaccharides of the viral glycoprotein in HIV infection and our novel approach to preventing HIV infection and the onset of AIDS by targeting HIV oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguo Mizuochi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokai University, 1117 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
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31
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Ikeda K, Ichikawa T, Wakimoto H, Silver JS, Deisboeck TS, Finkelstein D, Harsh GR, Louis DN, Bartus RT, Hochberg FH, Chiocca EA. Oncolytic virus therapy of multiple tumors in the brain requires suppression of innate and elicited antiviral responses. Nat Med 1999; 5:881-7. [PMID: 10426310 DOI: 10.1038/11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of multiple tumors in an organ heralds a rapidly fatal course. Although intravascular administration may deliver oncolytic viruses/vectors to each of these tumors, its efficiency is impeded by an antiviral activity present in complement-depleted plasma of rodents and humans. Here, this activity was shown to interact with complement in a calcium-dependent fashion, and antibody neutralization studies indicated preimmune IgM has a contributing role. Short-term exposure to cyclophosphamide (CPA) partially suppressed this activity in rodents and humans. At longer time points, cyclophosphamide also abrogated neutralizing antibody responses. Cyclophosphamide treatment of rats with large single or multiple intracerebral tumors substantially increased viral survival and propagation, leading to neoplastic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ikeda
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Neurosurgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
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Chiba H, Sano H, Saitoh M, Sohma H, Voelker DR, Akino T, Kuroki Y. Introduction of mannose binding protein-type phosphatidylinositol recognition into pulmonary surfactant protein A. Biochemistry 1999; 38:7321-31. [PMID: 10353843 DOI: 10.1021/bi990353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) and mannose-binding protein A (MBP-A) are collectins in the C-type lectin superfamily. These collectins exhibit unique lipid binding properties. SP-A binds to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and galactosylceramide (GalCer) and MBP-A binds to phosphatidylinositol (PI). SP-A also interacts with alveolar type II cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs PE10 and PC6) that recognize human SP-A inhibit the interactions of SP-A with lipids and alveolar type II cells. We mapped the epitopes for anti-human SP-A mAbs by a phage display peptide library. Phage selected by mAbs displayed the consensus peptide sequences that are nearly identical to 184TPVNYTNWYRG194 of human SP-A. The synthetic peptide GTPVNYTNWYRG completely blocked the binding of mAbs to human SP-A. Chimeric proteins were generated in which the rat SP-A region Thr174-Gly194 or the human SP-A region Ser174-Gly194 was replaced with the MBP-A region Thr164-Asp184 (rat ama4 or hu ama4, respectively). The mAbs failed to bind hu ama4. Rat ama4 bound to an affinity matrix on mannose-sepharose but lost all of the SP-A functions except carbohydrate binding and Ca2+-independent GalCer binding. Strikingly, the rat ama4 chimera acquired the PI binding property that MBP-A exhibits. This study demonstrates that the amino acid residues 174-194 of SP-A and the corresponding region of MBP-A are critical for SP-A-type II cell interaction and Ca2+-dependent lipid binding of collectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Snow K, Ten RM. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency. Variant alleles in a midwestern population of the United States. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999; 82:134-8, 141; quiz 142-3. [PMID: 10071515 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe a method for the genotype analysis of mutations in the gene encoding mannose binding lectin (MBL), study the incidence of MBL gene mutations in a population of the Midwest of the United States, and compare it with previous reports in other populations. The objective of this report is also an extensive review of the literature to analyze the importance of MBL deficiency in human disease. DATA SOURCES Blood samples were obtained from the blood bank of the Mayo Clinic. They represented a population of blood donors living in the Midwest of the United States. A review of the literature was performed by selection of articles from Medline database. STUDY SELECTION Blood samples, 148, were randomly selected from a pool of blood donors. They included both females and males. Blood donors had been previously screened by a questionnaire and were found to be generally healthy. For the literature review, articles containing original data on MBL in humans were selected. RESULTS Forty-five (30.4%) of the analyzed blood donors carried one variant allele, while 8 donors (5.4%) showed homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for MBL gene mutations. Allele frequency for the different MBL variants is provided. Our results are similar to those reported for the Danish population. Literature review provides evidence for a significant role of MBL deficiency in the innate immunity. The incidence of MBL mutations is higher among patients with recurrent infections and autoimmune disorders. CONCLUSIONS Mannose binding lectin deficiency has a definite role in the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency in humans and screening patients with recurrent infections and autoimmunity might be beneficial. The significance of MBL deficiency among apparently healthy blood donors remains to be determined.
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Ma Y, Uemura K, Oka S, Kozutsumi Y, Kawasaki N, Kawasaki T. Antitumor activity of mannan-binding protein in vivo as revealed by a virus expression system: mannan-binding proteindependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:371-5. [PMID: 9892640 PMCID: PMC15143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan-binding protein (MBP), a Ca2+-dependent mammalian lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine, is an important serum component associated with innate immunity. MBP activates complement and functions as a direct opsonin on binding to mannooligosaccharide-bearing pathogens. We have found that MBP recognizes and binds specifically to oligosaccharide ligands expressed on the surfaces of a human colorectal carcinoma. Interestingly, the recombinant vaccinia virus carrying human MBP gene was demonstrated to possess a potent growth-inhibiting activity against human colorectal carcinoma cells transplanted in KSN nude mice when administered by intratumoral or subcutaneous injection. Moreover, a significant prolongation of life span of tumor-bearing mice resulted from the treatment. This effect appears to be a consequence of local production of MBP. Unexpectedly, the mutant MBP, which had essentially no complement-activating activity, was nearly as active as wild-type MBP. These results indicated that MBP has a previously undescribed cytotoxic activity, which we propose to term MBP-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(MDCC). In addition, this study provides a model for the development of an effective and specific host defense factor for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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35
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Sugii S, Tajima T. Reactivity of native conglutinin in bovine serum with rabbit antibody against recombinant bovine conglutinin with deletion of the N-terminal and collagen-like regions. J Vet Med Sci 1998; 60:1255-7. [PMID: 9853309 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.60.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of native bovine conglutinin (Kg) with antibody against recombinant Kg (rKg), with deletion of the N-terminal and collagen-like regions of the native Kg molecule, was studied by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. With anti-recombinant Kg antibody as the coating antibody, rKg reacted with biotinylated homologous anti-rKg and heterologous anti-Kg antibodies as probing antibodies, while native Kg did not. With anti-native Kg antibody as coating antibody, native Kg reacted with biotinylated homologous antibody as probing antibody, while recombinant Kg reacted weakly with both biotinylated homologous and heterologous antibodies. Consequently the N-terminal and collagen-like regions of native Kg molecule are essential to express the complete immunogenicity and/or antigenicity of the native Kg molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sugii
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
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36
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Tang W, Matsumoto A, Shikata K, Takeuchi F, Konishi T, Nakata M, Mizuochi T. Detection of disease-specific augmentation of abnormal immunoglobulin G in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:929-34. [PMID: 10052597 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006971318736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Galactose-free immunoglobulin G (IgG), which is known to be higher in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, was prepared from IgG of healthy volunteers using enzymes. Its reactivity to lectins was analyzed. The galactose-free IgG showed no reactivity to Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 but displayed greater reactivity to concanavalin A and Lens culinaris lectin than did intact human IgG. Then, IgG in serum samples was bound to protein A immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane, and its reactivity to biotinylated concanavalin A was measured with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. When the reactivity to concanavalin A of IgG in sera from healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or hepatic disease was compared, higher levels were shown in patients with RA, notably in 60% of the seronegative patients and 80% of the early phase patients. Therefore, it was suggested that augmentation of the abnormal IgG in sera was highly specific to patients with RA and that this novel serum test could be very useful for an accurate diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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37
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Shikata K, Yasuda T, Takeuchi F, Konishi T, Nakata M, Mizuochi T. Structural changes in the oligosaccharide moiety of human IgG with aging. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:683-9. [PMID: 9881774 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006936431276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the relationship between glycosylation of IgG and aging, oligosaccharide structures of human IgG purified from sera of men and women aged 18 to 73 years were investigated. Oligosaccharides were liberated quantitatively from IgG by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and were tagged with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester. The oligosaccharide structures were then analyzed by HPLC in conjunction with sequential exoglycosidase digestion. All IgG samples were shown to contain a series of biantennary complex type oligosaccharides which consisted of +/-Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-6(+/-GlcNAcbeta 1-4)(+/-Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Man(alpha)1-3)Man(beta)1-+ ++4GlcNAcbeta1-4(+/- Fucalpha1-6)GlcNAc and their mono- and disialo glycoforms in different ratios. In female IgG samples only, the incidence of non-galactosylated oligosaccharides with non-reducing terminal GlcNAc residues increased with aging (r>0.8), whereas that of digalactosylated oligosaccharides decreased (r<-0.8). A weaker correlation was observed between aging and the incidence of neutral and monosialo oligosaccharides in female IgG (r=0.461 and r= -0.538, respectively) and between aging and the incidence of oligosaccharides with a bisecting GlcNAc in both male and female IgG samples (r=0.566 and r=0.440, respectively). In addition, a significant change with aging in the galactosylation of IgG oligosaccharides was observed in females in their thirties, fifties, and sixties (p<0.02, p<0.01, and p<0.04, respectively). These findings may contribute to our understanding of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis in which glycosylation is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shikata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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38
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Kuroki Y, Honma T, Chiba H, Sano H, Saitoh M, Ogasawara Y, Sohma H, Akino T. A novel type of binding specificity to phospholipids for rat mannose-binding proteins isolated from serum and liver. FEBS Lett 1997; 414:387-92. [PMID: 9315725 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-binding protein (MBP) belongs to the collectin subgroup of C-type lectins with specificity for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine sugars. We investigated whether rat MBPs isolated from serum (S-MBP) and liver (L-MBP) interact with phospholipids using antibody against each MBP. Both S- and L-MBPs bound to phosphatidylinositol coated onto microtiter wells in a concentration- and a Ca2+-dependent manner. L-MBP also bound to phosphatidylglycerol and weakly to phosphatidylserine. MBPs interacted with liposomes composed of these lipids. S- and L-MBPs bound to phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate. L-MBP also bound to cardiolipin. These results provide evidence for a novel type of ligand binding specificity for MBPs, and raise the possibility that phospholipids are ligands for collectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
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39
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Garred P, Madsen HO, Balslev U, Hofmann B, Pedersen C, Gerstoft J, Svejgaard A. Susceptibility to HIV infection and progression of AIDS in relation to variant alleles of mannose-binding lectin. Lancet 1997; 349:236-40. [PMID: 9014910 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)08440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum concentrations of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are associated with increased susceptibility to recurrent infection. Three variant alleles in the MBL gene (B, C, and D), cause low serum concentrations of the protein. We investigated whether variant alleles of MBL affect susceptibility to infection with HIV and progression of AIDS. METHODS Between 1983 and 1986, all men who attended two clinics in Copenhagen for HIV screening were invited to take part in our study. We investigated the prevalence of variant alleles of MBL (detected by PCR) and assessed the prognostic value of these alleles and the corresponding serum MBL concentrations (measured by ELISA) in 96 homosexual men with HIV infection and in two control groups (123 healthy adults and 36 HIV-negative homosexual men at high risk of HIV infection because of their sexual behaviour). Follow-up was for up to 10 years. FINDINGS Eight (8%) of the HIV-infected men were homozygous for the variant MBL alleles compared with one (0.8%) of the healthy controls (p = 0.005) and none of the high-risk homosexual controls (p = 0.05). We found no significant association between MBL genotype and time from first positive HIV test to progression of AIDS (p = 0.8). However, in the 61 HIV-infected men who developed AIDS, the median survival time was significantly shorter after the AIDS diagnosis for men who were carriers of the variant alleles (both homozygous and heterozygous) than for men homozygous for the normal MBL allele (11 [IQR 4-21] vs 18 months [9-44], p = 0.007). Among men who developed AIDS, there was a significant difference in survival time between those with serum MBL concentrations below the lower quartile, those within the IQR, and those above the upper quartile (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that men who developed AIDS and had low serum MBL concentrations had an increased rate of rapid death, independently of CD4 T-cell counts at AIDS diagnosis. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that homozygous carriers of variant MBL alleles are at increased risk of HIV infection, either directly or indirectly because of increased susceptibility to coinfections. These alleles are also associated with a significantly shorter survival time after a diagnosis of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garred
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Carbohydrate differentiation antigens Ii, SSEA-1 (Lex) and related structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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Sullivan KE, Wooten C, Goldman D, Petri M. Mannose-binding protein genetic polymorphisms in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:2046-51. [PMID: 8961910 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780391214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether dysfunctional or deficient mannose-binding protein (MBP) variants are found with increased frequency in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with controls. METHODS Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of 4 different polymorphic sites was performed on samples from 92 black SLE patients and 86 geographically matched black controls. RESULTS Two structural polymorphisms of MBP, associated with low serum levels of MBP, were found with significantly increased frequency in the SLE patient population compared with controls. In contrast, a promoter haplotype associated with particularly high serum levels of MBP was negatively associated with SLE. CONCLUSION Deficiencies of MBP predispose individuals to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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42
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Matsushita M, Endo Y, Taira S, Sato Y, Fujita T, Ichikawa N, Nakata M, Mizuochi T. A novel human serum lectin with collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains that functions as an opsonin. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:2448-54. [PMID: 8576206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.5.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectins are C-type animal lectins with both collagenous and carbohydrate recognition domains and are involved in the first line host defense against pathogens. We report here a novel Ca(2+)-dependent and GlcNAc-binding lectin consisting of subunits of 35 kDa (P35) with a collagen-like sequence. When P35 is isolated from human serum, it forms a homopolymer by means of intermolecular disulfide bonding, as is the case with collectins. P35 cDNA was cloned from a human liver cDNA library, and the deduced amino acid sequence of 313 residues revealed that the mature form of P35 consists mainly of collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains. The latter contained two potential Ca(2+)-binding sites that may be involved in carbohydrate binding. The overall sequence of P35 was highly homologous to porcine ficolins alpha and beta. Northern blots of various human tissues showed that the major product of the 1.3-kilobase-long P35 transcript is expressed in liver. P35 enhanced phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium by neutrophils, suggesting an opsonic effect via the collagen region. P35 was found to bind to GlcNAc-conjugated bovine serum albumin, a neoglycoprotein, as well as to neoglycolipids containing complex-type oligosaccharides derived from glycoproteins, suggesting that P35 recognizes GlcNAc residues such as those found in microbial glycoconjugates and complex-type oligosaccharides. Therefore, P35 represents a new type of GlcNAc-binding lectin with structural and functional similarities to collectins involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsushita
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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43
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Abstract
In this review an updated overview of current improvements on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of gangliosides over the past decade is provided. Basic general techniques and special advice is given for successful separation of glycosphingolipids. New approaches concerning continuous and multiple development, and several preparative TLC methods are also included. Emphasis is placed on TLC immunostaining and related techniques, i.e. practical applications of carbohydrate-specific antibodies, toxins and bacteria, viruses, lectins and eukaryotic cells. Thus, this review on ganglioside TLC summarizes its power as an analytical tool for a wide range of purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Müthing
- Institute of Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Germany
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44
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Storgaard P, Holm Nielsen E, Skriver E, Andersen O, Svehag SE. Mannan-binding protein forms complexes with alpha-2-macroglobulin. A protein model for the interaction. Scand J Immunol 1995; 42:373-80. [PMID: 7544912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report that alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) can form complexes with a high molecular weight porcine mannan-binding protein (pMBP-28). The alpha 2M/pMBP-28 complexes was isolated by PEG-precipitation and affinity chromatography on mannan-Sepharose, protein A-Sepharose and anti-IgM Sepharose. The occurrence of alpha 2M/pMBP-28 complexes was further indicated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and by use of an anti-alpha 2M affinity column and chelating Sepharose loaded with Zn2+. The eluates from these affinity columns showed alpha 2M subunits (94 and 180 kDa) and pMBP subunits (28kDa) in SDS-PAGE, which reacted with antibodies against alpha 2M and pMBP-28, respectively, in Western blotting. Furthermore, alpha 2M/pMBP-28 complexes were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Fractionation of pMBP-containing D-mannose eluate from mannan-Sepharose on Superose 6 showed two protein peaks which reacted with anti-C1 s antibodies in ELISA, one of about 650-800 kDa, which in addition contained pMBP-28 and anti-alpha 2M reactive material, the other with an M(r) of 100-150 kDa. The latter peak revealed rhomboid molecules (7 x 15 nm) in the electron microscope and a 67 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. This band was also seen in eluates from the anti-alpha 2M and chelating Sepharose columns. Based on these observations and previous findings by other investigators of a serine protease with about 67 kDa subunits which copurifies with human MBP we propose a model for the interaction of pMBP-28 with alpha 2M.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Storgaard
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Odense University, Denmark
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45
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Loveless RW, Holmskov U, Feizi T. Collectin-43 is a serum lectin with a distinct pattern of carbohydrate recognition. Immunology 1995; 85:651-9. [PMID: 7558162 PMCID: PMC1383796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectin-43 (CL-43) is a C-type serum lectin and a member of the collectin family of soluble proteins that are effector molecules in innate immunity. We have investigated the binding specificity of CL-43 using as model systems a panel of structurally defined oligosaccharides in the form of neoglycolipids, and several glycoproteins derived from the complement glycoprotein C3 during activation of the complement cascade. A specificity is revealed towards fucose as part of the Lea oligosaccharide sequence, and towards mannose as found on high mannose-type chains. These are features shared with other serum collectins, conglutinin and mannan-binding proteins; a major difference is the lack of detectable binding by CL-43 to N-glycosidic oligosaccharides terminating in N-acetylglucosamine. CL-43 has a unique pattern of reactivity towards high mannose-type oligosaccharides on the two glycosylation sites of C3 and derived glycoproteins: it binds to C3c (not bound by conglutinin and mannan-binding protein) but not to hydrolysed C3 [C3(H2O)], C3b or iC3b immobilized on microwells (all bound by conglutinin but not by mannan-binding protein). When these glycoproteins are sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-treated and immobilized on nitrocellulose, CL-43 (but not conglutinin nor mannan-binding protein) binds strongly to C3(H2O), iC3b and C3c. The salient conclusions are, first, that there are remarkable positive or negative effects of carrier protein on oligosaccharide presentation and these differ for the individual collectins. Second, the different though partially overlapping binding patterns among the collectins may be important for their function as circulating effector molecules with broad surveillance capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Loveless
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
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46
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Reid KB, Turner MW. Mammalian lectins in activation and clearance mechanisms involving the complement system. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1994; 15:307-26. [PMID: 8153870 DOI: 10.1007/bf01837363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CRP and the mammalian lectins containing collagen-like structure (collectins) can clearly participate in a variety of antibody-independent recognition and clearance mechanisms which result in the neutralisation and elimination of pathogenic organisms (Fig. 2). Only CRP and MBP appear to have the capacity to activate complement, and while all the collectins (MBP, SP-A, SP-D and conglutinin) can utilise the C1q receptor, only conglutinin shows specificity for iC3b. The C-type lectin domains in the globular heads of the collectins have the capacity to recognise a range of specific carbohydrate structures which are found on the surfaces of pathogens commonly associated with infections in blood, lung and amniotic fluids. The proposed presentation of the carbohydrate-collectin complex to C1q receptors, via the collagen-like regions in the collectins is an attractive hypothesis for the triggering of protective mechanisms and there are already a number of publications which support this view. However, the precise manner by which these collagen 'stalks' interact with the C1q receptor and the complete characterisation of the receptor on a variety of different cell types remains to be elucidated. Similarly, whether or not there is a role for any of these lectins in autoimmunity/immunopathology has not, as yet, been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Reid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
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47
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Ohta M, Kawasaki T. Complement-dependent cytotoxic activity of serum mannan-binding protein towards mammalian cells with surface-exposed high-mannose type glycans. Glycoconj J 1994; 11:304-8. [PMID: 7873926 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Serum mannan-binding protein (S-MBP), a lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine, activates complement through the classical pathway. With the help of complement, S-MBP lyses red blood cells which have been coated with yeast mannan and kills bacteria which have N-acetylglucosamine and/or L-glycero-D-manno-heptose on their core oligosaccharide. In this study, we examined whether mammalian cells, on which S-MBP could bound, are killed by a complement-dependent mechanism. When baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells were treated with an alpha-mannosidase inhibitor, 1-deoxymannojirimycin (dMM), most of the cellular oligosaccharides were transformed from the complex-type to the high mannose-type. S-MBP bound to the dMM-treated BHK cells in the presence of Ca2+, and this binding was eliminated by mannose. When dMM-treated cells, labelled with 51Cr, were incubated with complement, radioactivity was released in a dose-dependent manner by S-MBP and complement. This release was not observed with heat-inactivated complement. These observations suggest that S-MBP is able, with the help of complement, to kill not only exogenous microorganisms but also mammalian cells which have high mannose-type oligosaccharides exposed on their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohta
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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48
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Green PJ, Feizi T, Stoll MS, Thiel S, Prescott A, McConville MJ. Recognition of the major cell surface glycoconjugates of Leishmania parasites by the human serum mannan-binding protein. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994; 66:319-28. [PMID: 7808481 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(94)90158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Activation of complement on the surface of parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania appears to be important for parasite infectivity in the mammalian host, as it allows these parasites to attach to and invade macrophages via their surface complement receptors. Serum mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a known activator of complement. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated whether serum MBP binds to live Leishmania parasites, and to mannose-containing saccharides derived from the parasite cell surface. We have observed by fluorescence microscopy that biotinylated MBP binds to the surface of L. major and L. mexicana promastigotes. At this developmental stage the parasites are coated by a mannose-containing lipophosphoglycan (LPG). We have observed that radioiodinated MBP binds in a mannose-inhibitable manner to purified LPG which has been immobilized in plastic microwells, as well as to purified mannose-terminating di-, tri- and tetrasaccharide fragments ('cap' structures) which have been released by mild acid hydrolysis from the outer chains of the LPG, converted into neoglycolipids and resolved by thin-layer chromatography. 125I-MBP also binds in the chromatogram-binding assay to the mannose-containing glycoinositol-phospholipids that are expressed in high copy number on both the promastigote and the intracellular amastigote stages of most Leishmania species. These data suggest that MBP has the potential to opsonize the major developmental stages of Leishmania parasites, and provide a possible mechanism for the antibody-independent activation of complement on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Green
- Glycoconjugates Section, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
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49
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Wong SY, Guile GR, Dwek RA, Arsequell G. Synthetic glycosylation of proteins using N-(beta-saccharide) iodoacetamides: applications in site-specific glycosylation and solid-phase enzymic oligosaccharide synthesis. Biochem J 1994; 300 ( Pt 3):843-50. [PMID: 8010968 PMCID: PMC1138242 DOI: 10.1042/bj3000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthetic glycosylation method suitable for use in solid-phase enzymic oligosaccharide synthesis and site-specific glycosylation of recombinant proteins to produce defined glycoforms is described. This strategy utilizes N-(beta-saccharide) haloacetamides for attaching oligosaccharides specifically to cysteine residues of proteins in solution to form neoglycoproteins. The alkylation reaction was tested using N-(beta-chitotriose) bromoacetamide and an unprotected synthetic hexapeptide containing a single cysteine residue. The glycosylated product was confirmed by amino acid and hexosamine analyses as well as laser desorption mass spectrometry. Similarly N-(beta-chitotriose) iodoacetamide was covalently linked to non-reduced BSA to produce a defined glycoform of this protein. The specific attachment of chitotriose at the single cysteine residue in non-reduced serum albumin was suggested by Ellman's assay for free thiols. This was verified by amino acid sequencing of tryptic glycopeptide derived from this neoglycoprotein. Multiple sugar attachment was accomplished using fully reduced serum albumin as demonstrated by the formation of two neoglycoproteins using iodoacetamide derivatives of galactose beta 1-3-N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc) and the major xylose/fucose-class plant-type oligosaccharide of horseradish peroxidase. These two neoglycoproteins with an average of 18-21 sugar residues attached were assayed positively for binding to peanut agglutinin and a sugar-specific anti-(horseradish peroxidase) monoclonal antibody YZ1/2.23 respectively. Sialylation of the neoglycoprotein containing Gal beta 1-3GalNAc was accomplished using alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase and radiolabelled CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid. Significantly, glycan attachment using this conjugation method is reversible as demonstrated by the release of oligosaccharides from these two neoglycoproteins using hydrazinolysis. Therefore this method could provide invaluable reagents for many glycobiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, U.K
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50
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Feizi T. Evidence for carbohydrate-mediated interactions between the neural-cell-adhesion molecules NCAM and L1. Trends Biochem Sci 1994; 19:233-4. [PMID: 8073498 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(94)90144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Feizi
- Glycoconjugates Section, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
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