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Komatsuya K, Ishikawa M, Kikuchi N, Hirabayashi T, Taguchi R, Yamamoto N, Arai M, Kasahara K. Integrin-Dependent Transient Density Increase in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Rafts in Platelets Activated by Thrombin. Biomedicines 2023; 12:69. [PMID: 38255176 PMCID: PMC10813660 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet lipid rafts are critical membrane domains for adhesion, aggregation, and clot retraction. Lipid rafts are isolated as a detergent-resistant membrane fraction via sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The platelet detergent-resistant membrane shifted to a higher density on the sucrose density gradient upon thrombin stimulation. The shift peaked at 1 min and returned to the control level at 60 min. During this time, platelets underwent clot retraction and spreading on a fibronectin-coated glass strip. Thrombin induced the transient tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction and the transient translocation of fibrin and myosin to the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction. The level of phosphatidylserine (36:1) was increased and the level of phosphatidylserine (38:4) was decreased in the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction via the thrombin stimulation. Furthermore, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia integrin αIIbβ3-deficient platelets underwent no detergent-resistant membrane shift to a higher density upon thrombin stimulation. As the phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain on Ser19 was at a high level in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia resting platelets, thrombin caused no further phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain on Ser19 or clot retraction. These observations suggest that the fibrin-integrin αIIbβ3-myosin axis and compositional change of phosphatidylserine species may be required for the platelet detergent-resistant membrane shift to a higher density upon stimulation with thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Komatsuya
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan;
| | - Norihito Kikuchi
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naomasa Yamamoto
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Morio Arai
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
- Sado General Hospital, Niigata 952-1209, Japan
| | - Kohji Kasahara
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
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Santos RCM, Lucena DMS, Loponte HFBR, Alisson-Silva F, Dias WB, Lins RD, Todeschini AR. GM2/GM3 controls the organizational status of CD82/Met microdomains: further studies in GM2/GM3 complexation. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:653-661. [PMID: 35536494 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
At cell surface gangliosides might associate with signal transducers proteins, grown factor receptors, integrins, small G-proteins and tetraspanins establishing microdomains, which play important role in cell adhesion, cell activation, motility, and growth. Previously, we reported that GM2 and GM3 form a heterodimer that interacts with the tetraspanin CD82, controlling epithelial cell mobility by inhibiting integrin-hepatocyte growth factor-induced cMet tyrosine kinase signaling. By using molecular dynamics simulations to study the molecular basis of GM2/GM3 interaction we demonstrate, here, that intracellular levels of Ca2+ mediate GM2/GM3 complexation via electrostatic interaction with their carboxyl groups, while hydrogen bonds between the ceramide groups likely aid stabilizing the complex. The presence of GM2/GM3 complex alters localization of CD82 on cell surface and therefore downstream signalization. These data contribute for the knowledge of how glycosylation may control signal transduction and phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan C M Santos
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics' Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela M S Lucena
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics' Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hector F B R Loponte
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics' Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Paulo de Goes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Wagner B Dias
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics' Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto D Lins
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Adriane R Todeschini
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics' Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Komatsuya K, Kaneko K, Kasahara K. Function of Platelet Glycosphingolipid Microdomains/Lipid Rafts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155539. [PMID: 32748854 PMCID: PMC7432685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and specific proteins which are stabilized into platforms involved in the regulation of vital cellular processes. The rafts at the cell surface play important functions in signal transduction. Recent reports have demonstrated that lipid rafts are spatially and compositionally heterogeneous in the single-cell membrane. In this review, we summarize our recent data on living platelets using two specific probes of raft components: lysenin as a probe of sphingomyelin-rich rafts and BCθ as a probe of cholesterol-rich rafts. Sphingomyelin-rich rafts that are spatially and functionally distinct from the cholesterol-rich rafts were found at spreading platelets. Fibrin is translocated to sphingomyelin-rich rafts and platelet sphingomyelin-rich rafts act as platforms where extracellular fibrin and intracellular actomyosin join to promote clot retraction. On the other hand, the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI is known to be translocated to cholesterol-rich rafts during platelet adhesion to collagen. Furthermore, the functional roles of platelet glycosphingolipids and platelet raft-binding proteins including G protein-coupled receptors, stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, and HflK/C-domain protein family, tetraspanin family, and calcium channels are discussed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) sense the forces from blood flow through the glycocalyx, a carbohydrate rich luminal surface layer decorating most cells, and through forces transmitted through focal adhesions (FAs) on the abluminal side of the cell. OBJECTIVES This perspective paper explores a complementary hypothesis, that glycocalyx molecules on the abluminal side of the EC between the basement membrane and the EC membrane, occupying the space outside of FAs, work in concert with FAs to sense blood flow-induced shear stress applied to the luminal surface. RESULTS First, we summarize recent studies suggesting that the glycocalyx repels the plasma membrane away from the basement membrane, while integrin molecules attach to extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. This coordinated attraction and repulsion results in the focal nature of integrin-mediated adhesion making the abluminal glycocalyx a participant in mechanotransduction. Further, the glycocalyx mechanically links the plasma membrane to the basement membrane providing a mechanism of force transduction when the cell deforms in the peri-FA space. To determine if the membrane might deform against a restoring force of an elastic abluminal glycocalyx in the peri-FA space we present some analysis from a multicomponent elastic finite element model of a sheared and focally adhered endothelial cell whose abluminal topography was assessed using quantitative total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy with an assumption that glycocalyx fills the space between the membrane and extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS While requiring experimental verification, this analysis supports the hypothesis that shear on the luminal surface can be transmitted to the abluminal surface and deform the cell in the vicinity of the focal adhesions, with the magnitude of deformation depending on the abluminal glycocalyx modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Butler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intercollege Graduate Program of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intercollege Graduate Program of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Butler PJ. Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:010907. [PMID: 32161834 PMCID: PMC7054122 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This Perspective paper advances a hypothesis of mechanosensation by endothelial cells in which the cell is a dynamic crowded system, driven by continuous enzyme activity, that can be shifted from one non-equilibrium state to another by external force. The nature of the shift will depend on the direction, rate of change, and magnitude of the force. Whether force induces a pathophysiological or physiological change in cell biology will be determined by whether the dynamics of a cellular system can accommodate the dynamics and magnitude of the force application. The complex interplay of non-static cytoskeletal structures governs internal cellular rheology, dynamic spatial reorganization, and chemical kinetics of proteins such as integrins, and a flaccid membrane that is dynamically supported; each may constitute the necessary dynamic properties able to sense external fluid shear stress and reorganize in two and three dimensions. The resulting reorganization of enzyme systems in the cell membrane and cytoplasm may drive the cell to a new physiological state. This review focuses on endothelial cell mechanotransduction of shear stress, but may lead to new avenues of investigation of mechanobiology in general requiring new tools for interrogation of mechanobiological systems, tools that will enable the synthesis of large amounts of spatial and temporal data at the molecular, cellular, and system levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Butler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Izquierdo I, Barrachina MN, Hermida-Nogueira L, Casas V, Eble JA, Carrascal M, Abián J, García Á. Platelet membrane lipid rafts protein composition varies following GPVI and CLEC-2 receptors activation. J Proteomics 2019; 195:88-97. [PMID: 30677554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains that have been proposed to play an important role in several platelet-signalling cascades, including those mediated by the receptors Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and C-type lectin domain family 1 member B (CLEC-2), both involved in thrombus formation. We have performed a LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of lipid rafts isolated from platelets activated through GPVI and CLEC-2 as well as from resting platelets. Our aim was to determine the magnitude of changes in lipid rafts protein composition and to elucidate the relevance of these alterations in platelet function. A number of relevant signalling proteins were found enriched in lipid rafts following platelet activation (such as the tyrosine protein kinases Fyn, Lyn and Yes; the G proteins G(i) and G(z); and cAMP protein kinase). Interestingly, our results indicate that the relative enrichment of lipid rafts in these signalling proteins may not be a consequence of protein translocation to these domains upon platelet stimulation, but the result of a massive loss in cytoskeletal proteins after platelet activation. Thus, this study may help to better understand the effects of platelet activation in the reorganization of lipid rafts and set the basis for further proteomic studies of these membrane microdomains in platelets. SIGNIFICANCE: We performed the first proteomic comparative analysis of lipid rafts- protein composition in platelets activated through GPVI and CLEC-2 receptors and in resting state. We identified a number of signalling proteins essential for platelet activation relatively enriched in platelets activated through both receptors, and we show that lipid rafts reorganization upon platelet activation leads to a loss in cytoskeletal proteins, highly associated to these domains in resting platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Izquierdo
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María N Barrachina
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lidia Hermida-Nogueira
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa Casas
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Joaquín Abián
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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SDF-1α/CXCR4 Signaling in Lipid Rafts Induces Platelet Aggregation via PI3 Kinase-Dependent Akt Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169609. [PMID: 28072855 PMCID: PMC5224795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)-induced platelet aggregation is mediated through its G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). Here, we demonstrate that SDF-1α induces phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and Ser473 in human platelets. SDF-1α-induced platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation are inhibited by pretreatment with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. SDF-1α also induces the phosphorylation of PDK1 at Ser241 (an upstream activator of Akt), GSK3β at Ser9 (a downstream substrate of Akt), and myosin light chain at Ser19 (a downstream element of the Akt signaling pathway). SDF-1α-induced platelet aggregation is inhibited by pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SDF-1α-induced platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation are inhibited by pretreatment with the raft-disrupting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Sucrose density gradient analysis shows that 35% of CXCR4, 93% of the heterotrimeric G proteins Gαi-1, 91% of Gαi-2, 50% of Gβ and 4.0% of PI3Kβ, and 4.5% of Akt2 are localized in the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction. These findings suggest that SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling in lipid rafts induces platelet aggregation via PI3K-dependent Akt phosphorylation.
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9
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Munday AD, Gaus K, López JA. The platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex anchors lipid rafts to the membrane skeleton: implications for activation-dependent cytoskeletal translocation of signaling molecules. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:163-72. [PMID: 19874464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex attaches platelets to areas of endothelial damage by binding von Willebrand factor (VWF), an interaction that transmits intracellular activation signals. These signals require that the complex associates with both lipid rafts and the membrane cytoskeleton, but it is not clear whether the same GPIb-IX-V subpopulation associates with both structures. OBJECTIVES To determine which subpopulation of GPIb-IX-V associates with lipid rafts, and the consequences of that interaction. METHODS We analyzed the content of proteins (particularly the GPIb-IX-V complex) and lipids in rafts from detergent lysates of platelets before and after removal of the actin cytoskeleton alone or both the actin cytoskeleton and membrane skeleton (by successive centrifugations of 15,800 x g and 100,000 x g). RESULTS In unstimulated platelets, little raft-associated GPIb-IX-V sedimented with the actin skeleton; most was removed by sedimentation of the membrane skeleton. The Src family kinase Lyn followed the same pattern. In VWF-activated platelets, almost all of the GPIb-IX-V complex and Lyn in rafts sedimented with the actin cytoskeleton, consistent with a previously described crosslinking of the membrane and actin skeletal structures following platelet activation. Disruption of the GPIbalpha-filamin linkage with N-ethylmaleimide prevented depletion of raft-associated GPIb-IX-V by skeletal sedimentation. Not all raft-associated proteins and lipids followed this pattern. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the raft association and cytoskeletal linkage of the GPIb-IX-V complex are interrelated, and both are required for optimal receptor function, perhaps because raft association attracts signaling proteins and membrane skeletal association allows these proteins to move en masse to new locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Munday
- Puget Sound Blood Center, and Hematology Division (Medicine), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Larive RM, Baisamy L, Urbach S, Coopman P, Bettache N. Cell membrane extensions, generated by mechanical constraint, are associated with a sustained lipid raft patching and an increased cell signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1798:389-400. [PMID: 19962956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation triggers an imbalance in plasma membrane phospholipids by a specific aminophospholipid outflux, resulting in filopodia formation. Similarly, the addition of a phospholipid excess in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane induces cellular extensions and actin polymerization. The implication of membrane microdomains in sustaining these mechanical constraints remains, however, unknown and was investigated in human platelets and mouse fibroblasts. The disruption of lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion prevents actin polymerization and formation of cellular extensions. Phospholipid excess triggers raft patching underneath the cell extensions, recruitment of protein raft markers and increase of tyrosine phosphorylation of raft proteins. Using a mass spectrometric analysis of isolated platelet rafts, we identified tyrosine kinases and proteins implicated in the formation of cell membrane extensions, cell adhesion and motility. They are recruited to rafts in response to a mechanical constraint. Taken together, our results demonstrate that exogenous phospholipid addition causes a modulation of the lateral plasma membrane organization and an activation of the cell signaling triggering actin remodeling and the formation of cellular protrusions. Raft disruption abolishes these processes, demonstrating that their integrity is crucial for cell shape changes in response to a mechanical constraint on plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain M Larive
- Universités de Montpellier 2 & 1, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Moléculaire CRBM, CNRS-UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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11
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Canobbio I, Trionfini P, Guidetti GF, Balduini C, Torti M. Targeting of the small GTPase Rap2b, but not Rap1b, to lipid rafts is promoted by palmitoylation at Cys176 and Cys177 and is required for efficient protein activation in human platelets. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1662-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Quinter PG, Dangelmaier CA, Quinton TM, Kunapuli SP, Daniel JL. Glycoprotein VI agonists have distinct dependences on the lipid raft environment. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:362-8. [PMID: 17096705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the association of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) with lipid rafts regulates GPVI signaling in platelets. OBJECTIVE Secreted adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) potentiates GPVI-induced platelet aggregation at particular agonist concentrations. We have investigated whether the decrease in GPVI signaling, previously reported in platelets with disrupted rafts, is a result of the loss of agonist potentiation by ADP. METHODS We disrupted platelet lipid rafts with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and measured signaling events downstream of GPVI activation. RESULTS Lipid raft disruption decreases aggregation induced by low concentrations of convulxin, but this decrease is almost eliminated in the presence of ADP antagonists. Signaling indicators, such as protein phosphorylation and calcium mobilization, were not affected by raft disruption in collagen or convulxin stimulated platelets. Interestingly, however, raft disruption directly reduced GPVI signaling induced by collagen-related peptide. CONCLUSIONS Lipid rafts do not directly contribute to signaling by the physiologic agonist collagen. The effects of disruption of lipid rafts in in vitro assays can be attributed to inhibition of ADP feedback that potentiates GPVI signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Quinter
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Thorne RF, Law EG, Elith CA, Ralston KJ, Bates RC, Burns GF. The association between CD36 and Lyn protein tyrosine kinase is mediated by lipid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 351:51-6. [PMID: 17052693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor that engages in signal transduction implicated in important physiological and pathophysiological events. CD36 in platelets has been shown physically and functionally to associate with members of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases, Fyn, Lyn, and Yes, but the nature of this important association has never been rigorously examined. Here, we show that CD36 does not associate with Lyn through a protein-mediated interaction. In COS cells transfected with both CD36 and Lyn these molecules did not co-precipitate, suggesting a requirement for an intermediary molecule absent from the COS cells. Yeast two-hybrid analysis confirmed that the carboxylterminal cytoplasmic tail of CD36 did not bind Lyn directly, and no Lyn binding protein bound to CD36 in a cDNA library screen. Conversely, when the CD36-Lyn association seen in platelets was analysed by biophysical parameters, dissociation occurred at 37 degrees C and also by solubilisation in octylglucoside, indicative of a lipid-mediated association. Since both CD36 and Lyn are enriched in Triton X-100-insoluble rafts at the plasma membrane, these findings point to the importance of raft-associated lipids in CD36-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick F Thorne
- Cancer Research Unit, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
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14
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van Lier M, Lee F, Farndale RW, Gorter G, Verhoef S, Ohno-Iwashita Y, Akkerman JWN, Heijnen HFG. Adhesive surface determines raft composition in platelets adhered under flow. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:2514-25. [PMID: 16241950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) induces platelet spreading, whereas adhesion to collagen induces aggregation. Here we report that cholesterol-rich domains (CRDs) or rafts play a critical role in clustering of receptors that control these responses. Platelets adhered to VWF and collagen show CRDs concentrated in filopodia which contain both the VWF receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha and the collagen receptor GPVI. Biochemical analysis of CRDs shows a threefold enrichment of GPIbalpha (but not GPVI) in VWF-adhered platelets and a fourfold enrichment of GPVI (but not GPIbalpha) in collagen-adhered platelets. Depletion of cholesterol (i) leaves the initial adhesion unchanged, (ii) inhibits spreading on VWF and aggregate formation on collagen, (iii) leaves filopodia formation intact, and (iv) reduces the localization in filopodia of GPIbalpha but not of GPVI. These data show that the adhesive substrate determines the composition of CRDs, and that cholesterol is crucial for redistribution of GPIbalpha but not of GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Lier
- Laboratory for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Department of Haematology, UMCU and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Maurice P, Waeckel L, Pires V, Sonnet P, Lemesle M, Arbeille B, Vassy J, Rochette J, Legrand C, Fauvel-Lafève F. The platelet receptor for type III collagen (TIIICBP) is present in platelet membrane lipid microdomains (rafts). Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 125:407-17. [PMID: 16205938 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelet interactions with collagen are orchestrated by the presence or the migration of platelet receptor(s) for collagen into lipid rafts, which are specialized lipid microdomains from the platelet plasma membrane enriched in signalling proteins. Electron microscopy shows that in resting platelets, TIIICBP, a receptor specific for type III collagen, is present on the platelet membrane and associated with the open canalicular system, and redistributes to the platelet membrane upon platelet activation. After platelet lysis by 1% Triton X-100 and the separation of lipid rafts on a discontinuous sucrose gradient, TIIICBP is recovered in lipid raft-containing fractions and Triton X-100 insoluble fractions enriched in cytoskeleton proteins. Platelet aggregation, induced by type III collagen, was inhibited after disruption of the lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion, whereas platelet adhesion under static conditions did not require lipid raft integrity. These results indicate that TIIICBP, a platelet receptor involved in platelet interaction with type III collagen, is localized within platelet lipid rafts where it could interact with other platelet receptors for collagen (GP VI and alpha2beta1 integrin) for efficient platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Maurice
- INSERM, U 553, IFR 105, Institut d'Hématologie, Université Paris VII Denis Diderot, 75475, Paris, France
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16
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Maguire PB, Foy M, Fitzgerald DJ. Using proteomics to identify potential therapeutic targets in platelets. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33:409-12. [PMID: 15787617 DOI: 10.1042/bst0330409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics has provided powerful new insights into the complex events of the anucleate platelet and has revealed many potential protein targets in the search for suitable agents for thrombotic disease. In the present study, we summarize recent proteomic approaches to analyse specific platelet subproteomes, such as the platelet releasate, the platelet phosphotyrosine proteome and characterization of the proteins associated with membrane lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Maguire
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Yang SA, Carpenter CL, Abrams CS. Rho and Rho-kinase Mediate Thrombin-induced Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Trafficking in Platelets. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:42331-6. [PMID: 15277528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404335200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the production of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)), a signaling phospholipid that contributes to actin dynamics. We have shown in transfected tissue culture cells that PIP5K translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane following agonist-induced stimulation of Rho family GTPases. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether Rho GTPases induce PIP5K relocalization in platelets. We used PIP5K isoform-specific immunoblotting and lipid kinase assays to examine the intracellular localization of PIP5K in resting and activated platelets. Using differential centrifugation to separate the membrane skeleton, actin filaments and associated proteins, and cytoplasmic fractions, we found that PIP5K isoforms were translocated from cytosol to actin-rich fractions following stimulation of the thrombin receptor. PIP5K translocation was detectable within 30 s of stimulation and was complete by 2-5 min. This agonist-induced relocalization and activation of PIP5K was inhibited by 8-(4-parachlorophenylthio)-cAMP, a cAMP analogue that inhibits Rho and Rac. In contrast, 8-(4-parachlorophenylthio)-cGMP, a cGMP analogue that inhibits Rac but not Rho, did not affect PIP5K translocation and activation. This suggests that Rho GTPase may be an essential regulator of PIP5K in platelets. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that C3 exotoxin (a Rho-specific inhibitor) and HA1077 (an inhibitor of the Rho effector, Rho-kinase) also eliminated PIP5K activation and trafficking into the membrane cytoskeleton. Thus, these data indicate that Rho GTPase and its effector Rho-kinase have an intimate relationship with the trafficking and activation of platelet PIP5K. Moreover, these data suggest that relocalization of platelet PIP5K following agonist stimulation may play an important role in regulating the assembly of the platelet cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seun-Ah Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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18
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Kasirer-Friede A, Cozzi MR, Mazzucato M, De Marco L, Ruggeri ZM, Shattil SJ. Signaling through GP Ib-IX-V activates alpha IIb beta 3 independently of other receptors. Blood 2004; 103:3403-11. [PMID: 14726383 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) activates alpha IIb beta 3, a prerequisite for thrombus formation. However, it is unclear whether the primary VWF receptor, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V, mediates alpha IIb beta 3 activation directly or through other signaling proteins physically associated with it (eg, FcR gamma-chain), possibly with the contribution of other agonist receptors and of VWF signaling through alpha IIb beta 3. To resolve this question, human and GP Ibalpha transgenic mouse platelets were plated on dimeric VWF A1 domain (dA1VWF), which engages only GP Ib-IX-V, in the presence of inhibitors of other agonist receptors. Platelet adhesion to dA1VWF induced Src kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the FcR gamma-chain and the adapter molecule, ADAP, and triggered intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations and alpha IIb beta 3 activation. Inhibition of Ca(2+) oscillations with BAPTA-AM prevented alpha IIb beta 3 activation but not tyrosine phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) prevented alpha IIb beta 3 activation but not Ca(2+) oscillations. Inhibition of Src with 2 distinct compounds blocked all responses downstream of GP Ib-IX-V under static or flow conditions. However, dA1VWF-induced responses were reduced only slightly in GP Ibalpha transgenic platelets lacking FcR gamma-chain. These data establish that GP Ib-IX-V itself can signal to activate alpha IIb beta 3, through sequential actions of Src kinases, Ca(2+) oscillations, and PI 3-kinase/PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kasirer-Friede
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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19
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Gousset K, Tsvetkova NM, Crowe JH, Tablin F. Important role of raft aggregation in the signaling events of cold-induced platelet activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2004; 1660:7-15. [PMID: 14757215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
When human platelets are chilled below 20 degrees C, they undergo cold-induced activation. We have previously shown that cold activation correlates with the main phospholipid phase transition (10-20 degrees C) and induces the formation of large raft aggregates. In addition, we found that the glycoprotein CD36 is selectively enriched within detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) of cold-activated platelets and is extremely sensitive to treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD). Here, we further studied the partitioning of downstream signaling molecules within the DRMs. We found that the phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2) and the protein tyrosine kinase Syk do not partition exclusively within the DRMs, but their distribution is perturbed by cholesterol extraction. In addition, PLCgamma2 activity increases in cold-activated cells compared to resting platelets and is entirely inhibited after treatment with MbetaCD. The Src-family protein tyrosine kinases Src and Lyn preferentially partition within the DRMs and are profoundly affected by removal of cholesterol. These kinases are non-redundant in cold-activation. CD36, active Lyn, along with inactive Src and PLCgamma2 co-localize in small raft complexes in resting platelets. Cold-activation induces raft aggregation, resulting in changes in the activity of these proteins. These data suggest a crucial role of raft aggregation in the early events of cold-induced platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gousset
- Center for Biostabilization, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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20
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Baglia FA, Shrimpton CN, López JA, Walsh PN. RETRACTED: The glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex mediates localization of factor XI to lipid rafts on the platelet membrane. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:21744-50. [PMID: 12517745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212991200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XI binds to activated platelets where it is efficiently activated by thrombin. The factor XI receptor is the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex (Baglia, F. A., Badellino, K. O., Li, C. Q., Lopez, J. A., and Walsh, P. N. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 1662-1668), a significant fraction of which exists within lipid rafts on stimulated platelets (Shrimpton, C. N., Borthakur, G., Larrucea, S., Cruz, M. A., Dong, J. F., and Lopez, J. A. (2002) J. Exp. Med. 196, 1057-1066). Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids implicated in localizing membrane ligands and in cellular signaling. We now show that factor XI was localized to lipid rafts in activated platelets ( approximately 8% of total bound) but not in resting platelets. Optimal binding of factor XI to membrane rafts required prothrombin (and Ca2+) or high molecular weight kininogen (and Zn2+), which are required for factor XI binding to platelets. An antibody to GPIb (SZ-2) that disrupts factor XI binding to the GPIb-IX-V complex also disrupted factor XI-raft association. The isolated recombinant Apple 3 domain of factor XI, which mediates factor XI binding to platelets, also completely displaces factor XI from membrane rafts. To investigate the physiological relevance of the factor XI-raft association, the structural integrity of lipid rafts was disrupted by cholesterol depletion utilizing methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Cholesterol depletion completely prevented FXI binding to lipid rafts, and initial rates of factor XI activation by thrombin on activated platelets were inhibited >85%. We conclude that factor XI is localized to GPIb in membrane rafts and that this association is important for promoting the activation of factor XI by thrombin on the platelet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Baglia
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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21
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Heijnen HFG, Van Lier M, Waaijenborg S, Ohno-Iwashita Y, Waheed AA, Inomata M, Gorter G, Möbius W, Akkerman JWN, Slot JW. Concentration of rafts in platelet filopodia correlates with recruitment of c-Src and CD63 to these domains. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1:1161-73. [PMID: 12871315 DOI: 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism that causes non-adhesive, discoid platelets to transform into sticky dendritic bodies that form blood clumps is a complex series of events. Recently it has become clear that lipid microdomains--also known as rafts--play a crucial role in this process. We have used a non-cytolytic derivative of perfringolysin-O, a cholesterol binding cytolysin, that binds selectively to cholesterol-rich membrane domains, combined with confocal- and immunoelectron microscopy to visualize cholesterol-raft dynamics during platelet adhesion. In resting platelets cholesterol was uniformly distributed on the cell surface and confined to distinct intracellular compartments (i.e. multivesicular bodies, dense granules, and the internal membranes of alpha-granules). Upon interaction with fibrinogen, cholesterol accumulated at the tips of filopodia and at the leading edge of spreading cells. Stimulation with thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) resulted in a similar redistribution of cholesterol towards filopodia. The adhesion-dependent raft aggregation was accompanied by concentration of the tyrosine kinase c-Src and the tetraspanin CD63 in these domains, whereas glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) was not selectively targeted to the raft clusters. c-Src, the tetraspanin CD63, and GPIb were recovered in biochemically isolated low-density membrane fractions. Disruption of rafts by depleting membrane cholesterol had no effect on platelet shape change but inhibited platelet spreading on fibrinogen and TRAP-induced aggregation. Our results demonstrate that cholesterol rafts in platelets are dynamic entities in the membrane that co-cluster with the tyrosine kinase c-Src and the costimulatory molecule CD63 in specialized domains at the cell surface, thereby providing a possible mechanism in functioning as signaling centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F G Heijnen
- Department of Hematology, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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22
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Bodin S, Tronchère H, Payrastre B. Lipid rafts are critical membrane domains in blood platelet activation processes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1610:247-57. [PMID: 12648778 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(03)00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Among the various hematopoi;etic cells, platelets are critical for maintaining the integrity of the vascular system. They must be rapidly activated by sequential and coordinated mechanisms in order to efficiently prevent haemorrhage upon vascular injury. Several signal transduction pathways lead to platelet activation in vitro and in vivo, among them, several are initiated via receptors or co-receptors containing immuno-receptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) which trigger downstream signalling like the immune receptors in lymphocytes. However, in contrast to immune cells for which the role of lipid rafts in signalling has largely been described, the involvement of laterally segregated membrane microdomains in platelet activation has been investigated only recently. The results obtained until now strongly suggest that early steps of platelet activation via the collagen receptor GpVI or via FcgammaRIIa occur preferentially in these microdomains where specific proteins efficiently organize key downstream signalling pathways. In addition, lipid rafts also contribute to platelet activation via heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors. They are sites where the phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism is highly active, leading to a local generation of lipid second messengers such as phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Here, evidence is accumulating that cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains are part of a general process that contributes to the efficiency and the coordination of platelet activation mechanisms. Here we will discuss the biochemical and functional characterizations of human platelet rafts and their potential impact in platelet physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bodin
- INSERM U563, Centre de Physiophatologie Toulouse Purpan, Département d'Oncogenèse et signalisation dans les cellules hématopoi;étiques, Hôpital Purpan 31059, Toulouse, France
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23
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Baumgartner M, Angelisová P, Setterblad N, Mooney N, Werling D, Horejsí V, Langsley G. Constitutive exclusion of Csk from Hck-positive membrane microdomains permits Src kinase-dependent proliferation of Theileria-transformed B lymphocytes. Blood 2003; 101:1874-81. [PMID: 12411311 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of bovine T cells and B cells with the intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva induces a transformed phenotype with characteristics comparable to leukemic cells. The transformed phenotype reverts on drug-induced parasite death, and the cured lymphocytes acquire a resting phenotype and eventually die by apoptosis if not further stimulated. Here, we show that both lymphocyte proliferation and activation of the transcription factor AP-1 are mediated by Src-family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in a parasite-dependent fashion. Src-family PTKs are known to be present in glycolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs), also called lipid rafts, and to be negatively regulated by PTK Csk complexed to tyrosine-phosphorylated transmembrane adapter protein PAG (phosphoprotein associated with GEMs) also called Cbp (Csk-binding protein). We, therefore, purified GEMs from proliferating infected B cells and from growth-arrested cells that had been drug-cured of parasites. Proliferation arrest led to a striking increase of PAG/Cbp expression; correspondingly, the amount of Csk associated with PAG/Cbp in GEMs increased markedly, whereas PTK Hck accumulation in GEM fractions did not alter on growth arrest. We propose that Theileria-induced lymphocyte proliferation and permanent activation of Hck stems from down-regulation of PAG/Cbp and the concomitant constitutive loss of the negative regulator Csk from the GEMs of transformed B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baumgartner
- Laboratoire de Signalisation Immunoparasitaire, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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24
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Mairhofer M, Steiner M, Mosgoeller W, Prohaska R, Salzer U. Stomatin is a major lipid-raft component of platelet alpha granules. Blood 2002; 100:897-904. [PMID: 12130500 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v100.3.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are detergent-resistant, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane domains that are involved in important cellular processes such as signal transduction and intracellular trafficking. Stomatin, a major lipid-raft component of erythrocytes and epithelial cells, is also an abundant platelet protein. Microscopical methods and subcellular fractionation showed that stomatin is located mainly at the alpha-granular membrane. The lipid-raft marker proteins flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 were also present in platelets but excluded from alpha granules. Stomatin and the flotillins were associated with Triton X-100-insoluble lipid rafts. Whereas stomatin was partly soluble in Triton X-100, it was insoluble in the detergents Lubrol and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamonio]-1-propyl sulfonate (CHAPS). Flotation experiments after CHAPS lysis of platelets revealed a distinct set of lipid-raft-associated proteins, which were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry as stomatin, flotillin-1, flotillin-2, CD36, CD9, integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), and the glucose transporter GLUT-3. Stomatin, the flotillins, and CD36 were exclusively present in this lipid-raft fraction. Activation of platelets by calcium ionophore A23187 or thrombin led to translocation of stomatin to the plasma membrane, cleavage by calpain, and specific sorting into released microvesicles. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the existence of alpha-granular lipid rafts and suggests an important role for stomatin in the organization and function of alpha granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mairhofer
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Austria
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25
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Wonerow P, Obergfell A, Wilde JI, Bobe R, Asazuma N, Brdicka T, Leo A, Schraven B, Horejsí V, Shattil SJ, Watson SP. Differential role of glycolipid-enriched membrane domains in glycoprotein VI- and integrin-mediated phospholipase Cgamma2 regulation in platelets. Biochem J 2002; 364:755-65. [PMID: 12049640 PMCID: PMC1222625 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and the fibrinogen receptor integrin alphaIIbbeta3 trigger intracellular signalling cascades involving the tyrosine kinase Syk, the adapter SLP-76 and phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2). Similar pathways are activated downstream of immune receptors in lymphocytes, where they have been localized in part to glycolipid-enriched membrane domains (GEMs). Here we provide several lines of evidence that GPVI-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma2 in platelets is dependent on GEM-organized signalling and utilizes the GEM resident adapter protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells). In sharp contrast, although fibrinogen binding to platelets stimulates alphaIIbbeta3-dependent activation of Syk and tyrosine phosphorylation of SLP-76 and PLCgamma2, it does not utilize GEMs to promote these responses or to support platelet aggregation. These results establish that GPVI and alphaIIbbeta3 trigger distinct patterns of receptor signalling in platelets, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma2, and they highlight the role of GEMs in compartmentalizing signalling reactions involved in haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wonerow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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26
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Locke D, Chen H, Liu Y, Liu C, Kahn ML. Lipid rafts orchestrate signaling by the platelet receptor glycoprotein VI. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:18801-9. [PMID: 11844795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111520200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) couples to the immune receptor adaptor Fc receptor gamma-chain (FcRgamma) and signals using many of the same intracellular signaling molecules as immune receptors. Studies of immune receptor signaling have revealed a critical role for specialized areas of the cell membrane known as lipid rafts, which are enriched in essential signaling molecules. However, the role of lipid rafts in signaling in nonimmune cells such as platelets remains poorly defined. This study shows that GPVI-FcRgamma does not constitutively associate with rafts, but is recruited to lipid rafts following receptor stimulation in both GPVI-expressing RBL-2H3 cells and human platelets. FcRgamma is required for GPVI association with lipid rafts, as mutant GPVI receptors that do not couple to FcRgamma were unable to associate with lipid rafts after receptor clustering. Following GPVI stimulation in platelets, virtually all phosphorylated FcRgamma was found in lipid rafts, but inhibition of FcRgamma phosphorylation did not block receptor association with lipid rafts. This work demonstrates that lipid rafts orchestrate GPVI receptor signaling in platelets in a manner analogous to immune cell receptors and supports a model of GPVI signaling in which FcRgamma phosphorylation is controlled by ligand-dependent association with lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Locke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6100, USA
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27
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Ezumi Y, Kodama K, Uchiyama T, Takayama H. Constitutive and functional association of the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI-Fc receptor gamma-chain complex with membrane rafts. Blood 2002; 99:3250-5. [PMID: 11964290 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.9.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI-Fc receptor gamma-chain (FcRgamma) complex transduces signals in an immunoreceptorlike manner. We examined a role for the Triton X-100-insoluble membrane rafts in GPVI-FcRgamma complex signaling. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD)-induced disruption of the membrane rafts inhibited not only platelet aggregation and secretion but also tyrosine phosphorylation of signaling molecules on stimulation through the GPVI-FcRgamma complex. The GPVI-FcRgamma complex was constitutively associated with membrane rafts wherein the Src family kinases and LAT were also present. Their association was not affected by the complex engagement but was highly sensitive to MbetaCD treatment. Thus, we provide the first evidence that the GPVI-FcRgamma complex is constitutively and functionally associated with membrane rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Ezumi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Clinical Sciences for Pathological Organs, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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28
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Judd BA, Myung PS, Obergfell A, Myers EE, Cheng AM, Watson SP, Pear WS, Allman D, Shattil SJ, Koretzky GA. Differential requirement for LAT and SLP-76 in GPVI versus T cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 2002; 195:705-17. [PMID: 11901197 PMCID: PMC2193740 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the adaptor Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kD (SLP-76) exhibit a bleeding disorder and lack T cells. Linker for activation of T cells (LAT)-deficient mice exhibit a similar T cell phenotype, but show no signs of hemorrhage. Both SLP-76 and LAT are important for optimal platelet activation downstream of the collagen receptor, GPVI. In addition, SLP-76 is involved in signaling mediated by integrin alphaIIbbeta3. Because SLP-76 and LAT function coordinately in T cell signal transduction, yet their roles appear to differ in hemostasis, we investigated in detail the functional consequences of SLP-76 and LAT deficiencies in platelets. Previously we have shown that LAT(-/-) platelets exhibit defective responses to the GPVI-specific agonist, collagen-related peptide (CRP). Consistent with this, we find that surface expression of P-selectin in response to high concentrations of GPVI ligands is reduced in both LAT- and SLP-76-deficient platelets. However, platelets from LAT(-/-) mice, but not SLP-76(-/-) mice, aggregate normally in response to high concentrations of collagen and convulxin. Additionally, unlike SLP-76, LAT is not tyrosine phosphorylated after fibrinogen binding to integrin alphaIIbbeta3, and collagen-stimulated platelets deficient in LAT spread normally on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Together, these findings indicate that while LAT and SLP-76 are equally required for signaling via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and pre-TCR, platelet activation downstream of GPVI and alphaIIbbeta3 shows a much greater dependency on SLP-76 than LAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbi A Judd
- Program in Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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29
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Gousset K, Wolkers WF, Tsvetkova NM, Oliver AE, Field CL, Walker NJ, Crowe JH, Tablin F. Evidence for a physiological role for membrane rafts in human platelets. J Cell Physiol 2002; 190:117-28. [PMID: 11807818 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated raft formation in human platelets in response to cell activation. Lipid phase separation and domain formation were detected using the fluorescent dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (diI-C(18)) that preferentially partitions into gel-like lipid domains. We showed that when human platelets are activated by cold and physiological agonists, rafts coalesce into visible aggregates. These events were disrupted by depletion of membrane cholesterol. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we measured a thermal phase transition at around 30 degrees C in intact platelets, which we have assigned as the liquid-ordered to the liquid-disordered phase transition of rafts. Phase separation of the phospholipid and the sphingomyelin-enriched rafts could be observed as two phase transitions at around 15 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The higher transition, assigned to the rafts, was greatly enhanced with removal of membrane cholesterol. Detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) were enriched in cholesterol (50%) and sphingomyelin (20%). The multi-functional platelet receptor CD36 selectively partitioned into DRMs, whereas the GPI-linked protein CD55 and the major platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3a) did not, which suggests that the clustering of proteins within rafts is a regulated process dependent on specific lipid protein interactions. We suggest that raft aggregation is a dynamic, reversible physiological event triggered by cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gousset
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2315 Haring Hall, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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30
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Bodin S, Giuriato S, Ragab J, Humbel BM, Viala C, Vieu C, Chap H, Payrastre B. Production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidic acid in platelet rafts: evidence for a critical role of cholesterol-enriched domains in human platelet activation. Biochemistry 2001; 40:15290-9. [PMID: 11735411 DOI: 10.1021/bi0109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains, called rafts, can be isolated from several mammalian cells, including platelets. These microdomains appear to play a critical role in signal transduction in several hematopoietic cells, but their function in blood platelets remains unknown. Herein, we first characterized the lipid composition, including the fatty acid composition of phospholipids, of human platelet rafts. Then their role in platelet activation process was investigated. Interestingly, thrombin stimulation led to morphological changes of rafts correlating with the production of lipid second messengers in these microdomains. Indeed, we could demonstrate for the first time that a large part of the stimulation-dependent production of phosphatidic acid and phosphoinositide 3-kinase products was concentrated in rafts. Moreover, cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin disrupted platelet rafts, dramatically decreased the agonist-dependent production of these lipid signaling molecules, and impaired platelet secretion and aggregation. Cholesterol repletion restored the physiological platelet responses. Altogether our data indicate that rafts are highly dynamic platelet membrane structures involved in critical signaling mechanisms linked to the production of lipid second messengers. The demonstration of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate production in rafts may have general implications for the understanding of the role of this key second messenger found ubiquitously in higher eucaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bodin
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 326, Hôpital Purpan, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
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31
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Waheed AA, Shimada Y, Heijnen HF, Nakamura M, Inomata M, Hayashi M, Iwashita S, Slot JW, Ohno-Iwashita Y. Selective binding of perfringolysin O derivative to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains (rafts). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:4926-31. [PMID: 11309501 PMCID: PMC33140 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.091090798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich microdomains (rafts) exist in the plasma membrane. Specific proteins assemble in these membrane domains and play a role in signal transduction and many other cellular events. Cholesterol depletion causes disassembly of the raft-associated proteins, suggesting an essential role of cholesterol in the structural maintenance and function of rafts. However, no tool has been available for the detection and monitoring of raft cholesterol in living cells. Here we show that a protease-nicked and biotinylated derivative (BCtheta) of perfringolysin O (theta-toxin) binds selectively to cholesterol-rich microdomains of intact cells, the domains that fulfill the criteria of rafts. We fractionated the homogenates of nontreated and Triton X-100-treated platelets after incubation with BCtheta on a sucrose gradient. BCtheta was predominantly localized in the floating low-density fractions (FLDF) where cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and Src family kinases are enriched. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that BCtheta binds to a subpopulation of vesicles in FLDF. Depletion of 35% cholesterol from platelets with cyclodextrin, which accompanied 76% reduction in cholesterol from FLDF, almost completely abolished BCtheta binding to FLDF. The staining patterns of BCtheta and filipin in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells with and without cholesterol depletion suggest that BCtheta binds to specific membrane domains on the cell surface, whereas filipin binding is indiscriminate to cell cholesterol. Furthermore, BCtheta binding does not cause any damage to cell membranes, indicating that BCtheta is a useful probe for the detection of membrane rafts in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Waheed
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Thorne RF, Marshall JF, Shafren DR, Gibson PG, Hart IR, Burns GF. The integrins alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1 physically and functionally associate with CD36 in human melanoma cells. Requirement for the extracellular domain OF CD36. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:35264-75. [PMID: 10956645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003969200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral association between different transmembrane glycoproteins can serve to modulate integrin function. Here we characterize a physical association between the integrins alpha(3)beta(1) and alpha(6)beta(1) and CD36 on the surface of melanoma cells and show that ectopic expression of CD36 by CD36-negative MV3 melanoma cells increases their haptotactic migration on extracellular matrix components. The association was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation, reimmunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting of surface-labeled cells lysed in Brij 96 detergent. Confocal microscopy illustrated the co-association of alpha(3) and CD36 in cell membrane projections and ruffles. A requirement for the extracellular domain of CD36 in this association was shown by co-immunoprecipitation experiments using surface-labeled MV3 melanoma or COS-7 cells that had been transiently transfected with chimeric constructs between CD36 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or with a truncation mutant of CD36. CD36 is known to engage in signal transduction and to localize to membrane microdomains or rafts in several cell types. Toward a mechanistic explanation for the functional effects of CD36 expression, we demonstrate that in fractionated Triton X-100 lysates of the MV3 cells stably transfected with CD36, CD36 was greatly enriched with the detergent-insoluble fractions that represent plasma membrane rafts. Significantly, when these fractionated lysates were reprobed for endogenous beta(1) integrin, it was found that a 4-fold increase in the proportion of the mature protein was contained within the detergent-insoluble fractions when extracted from the CD36-transfected cells compared with MV3 cells transfected with vector only. These results suggest that in melanoma cells CD36 expression may induce the sequestration of certain integrins into membrane microdomains and promote cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Thorne
- Cancer Research Unit and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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Kasahara K, Sanai Y. Functional roles of glycosphingolipids in signal transduction via lipid rafts. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:153-62. [PMID: 11201786 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026576804247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of glycosphingolipid (GSL)-cholesterol microdomains in cell membranes has been proposed to function as platforms for the attachment of lipid-modified proteins, such as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and src-family tyrosine kinases. The microdomains are postulated to be involved in GPI-anchored protein signaling via src-family kinase. Here, the functional roles of GSLs in signal transduction mediated by the microdomains are discussed. Antibodies against GSLs co-precipitate GPI-anchored proteins, src-family kinases and several components of the microdomains. Antibody-mediated crosslinking of GSLs, as well as that of GPI-anchored proteins, induces a rapid activation of src-family kinases and a transient increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of several substrates. Enzymatic degradation of GSLs reduces the activation of src-family kinase and tyrosine phosphorylation by antibody-mediated crosslinking of GPI-anchored protein. Furthermore, GSLs can also modulate signal transduction of immunoreceptors and growth factor receptors in the microdomains. Thus, GSLs have important roles in signal transduction mediated by the microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kasahara
- The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Japan.
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