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Choi S, Lee Y, Park S, Jang SY, Park J, Oh DW, Kim SM, Kim TH, Lee GS, Cho C, Kim BS, Lee D, Kim EH, Cheong HK, Moon JH, Song JJ, Hwang J, Kim MH. Dissemination of pathogenic bacteria is reinforced by a MARTX toxin effector duet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6218. [PMID: 39043696 PMCID: PMC11266601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple bacterial genera take advantage of the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin to invade host cells. Secretion of the MARTX toxin by Vibrio vulnificus, a deadly opportunistic pathogen that causes primary septicemia, the precursor of sepsis, is a major driver of infection; however, the molecular mechanism via which the toxin contributes to septicemia remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal and cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures of a toxin effector duet comprising the domain of unknown function in the first position (DUF1)/Rho inactivation domain (RID) complexed with human targets. These structures reveal how the duet is used by bacteria as a potent weapon. The data show that DUF1 acts as a RID-dependent transforming NADase domain (RDTND) that disrupts NAD+ homeostasis by hijacking calmodulin. The cryo-EM structure of the RDTND-RID duet complexed with calmodulin and Rac1, together with immunological analyses in vitro and in mice, provide mechanistic insight into how V. vulnificus uses the duet to suppress ROS generation by depleting NAD(P)+ and modifying Rac1 in a mutually-reinforcing manner that ultimately paralyzes first line immune responses, promotes dissemination of invaders, and induces sepsis. These data may allow development of tools or strategies to combat MARTX toxin-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Shinhye Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Song Yee Jang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jongbin Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Do Won Oh
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Su-Man Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Ga Seul Lee
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Korea
| | - Changyi Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Donghan Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, Korea
| | - Hae-Kap Cheong
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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2
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Bess SN, Igoe MJ, Muldoon TJ. Live-Cell Imaging Quantifies Changes in Function and Metabolic NADH Autofluorescence During Macrophage-Mediated Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:210-223. [PMID: 37999933 PMCID: PMC10959688 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2284369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system has evolved to detect foreign antigens and deliver coordinated responses, while minimizing "friendly fire." Until recently, studies investigating the behavior of immune cells were limited to static in vitro measurements. Although static measurements allow for real-time imaging, results are often difficult to translate to an in vivo setting. Multiphoton microscopy is an emerging method to capture spatial information on subcellular events and characterize the local microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that multiphoton microscopy can monitor changes in single-cell macrophage heterogeneity during differentiation. Therefore, there is a need to use multiphoton microscopy to monitor molecular interactions during immunological activities like phagocytosis. Here we investigate the correlation between phagocytic function and changes in endogenous optical reporters during phagocytosis. METHODS In vitro autofluorescence imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) was used to detect metabolic changes in macrophages during phagocytosis. More specifically, optical redox ratio, mean NADH fluorescence lifetime and ratio of free to protein-bound NADH were used to quantify changes in metabolism. RESULTS Results show that IFN-γ (M1) macrophages showed decreased optical redox ratios and mean NADH lifetime while phagocytosing immunogenic cancer cells compared to metastatic cells. To validate phagocytic function, a fluorescence microscopy-based protocol using a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe was used. Results indicate that M0 and M1 macrophages show similar trends in phagocytic potential. CONCLUSION Overall, this work demonstrates that in vitro multiphoton imaging can be used to longitudinally track changes in phagocytosis and endogenous metabolic cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby N. Bess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew J. Igoe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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3
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Ahmed D, Al-Daraawi M, Cassol E. Innate sensing and cellular metabolism: role in fine tuning antiviral immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:164-190. [PMID: 36822175 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies over the last decade have identified intimate links between cellular metabolism and macrophage function. Metabolism has been shown to both drive and regulate macrophage function by producing bioenergetic and biosynthetic precursors as well as metabolites (and other bioactive molecules) that regulate gene expression and signal transduction. Many studies have focused on lipopolysaccharide-induced reprogramming, assuming that it is representative of most inflammatory responses. However, emerging evidence suggests that diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are associated with unique metabolic profiles, which may drive pathogen specific immune responses. Further, these metabolic pathways and processes may act as a rheostat to regulate the magnitude of an inflammatory response based on the biochemical features of the local microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss recent work examining the relationship between cellular metabolism and macrophage responses to viral PAMPs and describe how these processes differ from lipopolysaccharide-associated responses. We will also discuss how an improved understanding of the specificity of these processes may offer new insights to fine-tune macrophage function during viral infections or when using viral PAMPs as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malak Al-Daraawi
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Holay N, Kennedy BE, Murphy JP, Konda P, Giacomantonio M, Brauer-Chapin T, Paulo JA, Kumar V, Kim Y, Elaghil M, Sisson G, Clements D, Richardson C, Gygi SP, Gujar S. After virus exposure, early bystander naïve CD8 T cell activation relies on NAD + salvage metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1047661. [PMID: 36818473 PMCID: PMC9932030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells play a central role in antiviral immunity. Type I interferons are among the earliest responders after virus exposure and can cause extensive reprogramming and antigen-independent bystander activation of CD8 T cells. Although bystander activation of pre-existing memory CD8 T cells is known to play an important role in host defense and immunopathology, its impact on naïve CD8 T cells remains underappreciated. Here we report that exposure to reovirus, both in vitro or in vivo, promotes bystander activation of naïve CD8 T cells within 24 hours and that this distinct subtype of CD8 T cell displays an innate, antiviral, type I interferon sensitized signature. The induction of bystander naïve CD8 T cells is STAT1 dependent and regulated through nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT)-mediated enzymatic actions within NAD+ salvage metabolic biosynthesis. These findings identify a novel aspect of CD8 T cell activation following virus infection with implications for human health and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Holay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Barry E. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IMV Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J. Patrick Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Tatjana Brauer-Chapin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mariam Elaghil
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IMV Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gary Sisson
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Derek Clements
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Goldbloom Pavilion, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Cancer Immunotherapy: Innovation & Global Partnerships, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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5
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Ng PQ, Saint-Geniez M, Kim LA, Shu DY. Divergent Metabolomic Signatures of TGFβ2 and TNFα in the Induction of Retinal Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Metabolites 2023; 13:213. [PMID: 36837832 PMCID: PMC9966219 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dedifferentiation program in which polarized, differentiated epithelial cells lose their cell-cell adhesions and transform into matrix-producing mesenchymal cells. EMT of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells plays a crucial role in many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and diabetic retinopathy. This dynamic process requires complex metabolic reprogramming to accommodate the demands of this dramatic cellular transformation. Both transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) have the capacity to induce EMT in RPE cells; however, little is known about their impact on the RPE metabolome. Untargeted metabolomics using high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed to reveal the metabolomic signatures of cellular and secreted metabolites of primary human fetal RPE cells treated with either TGFβ2 or TNFα for 5 days. A total of 638 metabolites were detected in both samples; 188 were annotated as primary metabolites. Metabolomics profiling showed distinct metabolomic signatures associated with TGFβ2 and TNFα treatment. Enrichment pathway network analysis revealed alterations in the pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism, nucleotide and pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism in TNFα-treated cells compared to untreated control cells, whereas TGFβ2 treatment induced perturbations in fatty acid biosynthesis metabolism, the linoleic acid pathway, and the Notch signaling pathway. These results provide a broad metabolic understanding of the bioenergetic rewiring processes governing TGFβ2- and TNFα-dependent induction of EMT. Elucidating the contributions of TGFβ2 and TNFα and their mechanistic differences in promoting EMT of RPE will enable the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis, management, and tailored drug development for retinal fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin Ng
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leo A. Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daisy Y. Shu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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6
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Xiao Y, Li M, Guo X, Zeng H, Shuai X, Guo J, Huang Q, Chu Y, Zhou B, Wen J, Liu J, Jiao H. Inflammatory Mechanism of Brucella Infection in Placental Trophoblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13417. [PMID: 36362199 PMCID: PMC9657658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a severe zoonotic infectious disease caused by the infection of the Brucella, which is widespread and causes considerable economic losses in underdeveloped areas. Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacteria whose main target cells for infection are macrophages, placental trophoblast cells and dendritic cells. The main clinical signs of Brucella infection in livestock are reproductive disorders and abortion. At present, the pathogenesis of placentitis or abortion caused by Brucella in livestock is not fully understood, and further research on the effect of Brucella on placental development is still necessary. This review will mainly introduce the research progress of Brucella infection of placental trophoblast cells as well as the inflammatory response caused by it, explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of Brucella leading to reproductive system disorders and abortion, and also to provide the scientific basis for revealing the pathogenesis and infection mechanism of Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuehong Shuai
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingzhou Huang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yujinxiang Street 573, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yujinxiang Street 573, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hanwei Jiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- The Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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7
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He S, Shi J, Liu W, Du S, Zhang Y, Gong L, Dong S, Li X, Gao Q, Yang J, Yu J. Heme oxygenase-1 protects against endotoxin-induced acute lung injury depends on NAD +-mediated mitonuclear communication through PGC1α/PPARγ signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1095-1108. [PMID: 35816227 PMCID: PMC9272656 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a challenging life-threatening disease for which no specific therapy exists. Mitochondrial dysfunction is corroborated as hallmarks in sepsis which commonly disrupt mitochondria-centered cellular communication networks, especially mitonuclear crosstalk, where the ubiquitous cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential for mitonuclear communication. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is critical for maintaining mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium and regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi stress to alleviating acute lung injury. However, it is unclear whether HO-1 regulates NAD+-mediated mitonuclear communication to exert the endogenous protection during endotoxin-induced ALI. In this study, we observed HO-1 attenuated endotoxin-induced ALI by regulated NAD+ levels and NAD+ affected the mitonuclear communication, including mitonuclear protein imbalance and UPRmt to alleviate lung damage. We also found the protective effect of HO-1 depended on NAD+ and NAD+-mediated mitonuclear communication. Furtherly, the inhibition of the PGC1α/PPARγ signaling exacerbates the septic lung injury by reducing NAD+ levels and repressing the mitonuclear protein imbalance and UPRmt. Altogether, our study certified that HO-1 ameliorated endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by regulating NAD+ and NAD+-mediated mitonuclear communications through PGC1α/PPARγ pathway. The present study provided complementary evidence for the cytoprotective effect of HO-1 as a potential target for preventing and attenuating of endotoxin-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihan Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lirong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoying Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Hendawy OM. A comprehensive review of recent advances in the biological activities of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200045. [PMID: 35445430 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles play an essential role in medication development. The 1,2,4-oxadiazole heterocycle has been extensively studied, yielding a large variety of molecules with varied biological functions. The 1,2,4-oxadiazole shows bioisosteric equivalency with ester and amide moieties. In recent years, the 1,2,4-oxadiazole nucleus has received a lot of attention in medicinal chemistry. It was thought to be a pharmacophore component in the production of biologically intriguing drugs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent achievements in the biological activities of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as potential antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic agents. The structure-activity relationship and mechanisms of action are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia M Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Choudhuri S, Chowdhury IH, Garg NJ. Mitochondrial Regulation of Macrophage Response Against Pathogens. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622602. [PMID: 33679710 PMCID: PMC7925834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells play the first line of defense against pathogens. Phagocytosis or invasion by pathogens can affect mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages by diverse mechanisms and shape the macrophage response (proinflammatory vs. immunomodulatory) against pathogens. Besides β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate, reduced (NADPH) oxidase, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes release superoxide for direct killing of the pathogen. Mitochondria that are injured are removed by mitophagy, and this process can be critical for regulating macrophage activation. For example, impaired mitophagy can result in cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that can lead to activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway of macrophage proinflammatory response. In this review, we will discuss how metabolism, mtDNA, mitophagy, and cGAS-STING pathway shape the macrophage response to infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Imran Hussain Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX, United States
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10
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Li M, Kirtane AR, Kiyokawa J, Nagashima H, Lopes A, Tirmizi ZA, Lee CK, Traverso G, Cahill DP, Wakimoto H. Local Targeting of NAD + Salvage Pathway Alters the Immune Tumor Microenvironment and Enhances Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5024-5034. [PMID: 32998997 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive primary brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by aberrant metabolism that fuels its malignant phenotype. Diverse genetic subtypes of malignant glioma are sensitive to selective inhibition of the NAD+ salvage pathway enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). However, the potential impact of NAD+ depletion on the brain tumor microenvironment has not been elaborated. In addition, systemic toxicity of NAMPT inhibition remains a significant concern. Here we show that microparticle-mediated intratumoral delivery of NAMPT inhibitor GMX1778 induces specific immunologic changes in the tumor microenvironment of murine GBM, characterized by upregulation of immune checkpoint PD-L1, recruitment of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and reduction of M2-polarized immunosuppressive macrophages. NAD+ depletion and autophagy induced by NAMPT inhibitors mediated the upregulation of PD-L1 transcripts and cell surface protein levels in GBM cells. NAMPT inhibitor modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment was therefore combined with PD-1 checkpoint blockade in vivo, significantly increasing the survival of GBM-bearing animals. Thus, the therapeutic impacts of NAMPT inhibition extended beyond neoplastic cells, shaping surrounding immune effectors. Microparticle delivery and release of NAMPT inhibitor at the tumor site offers a safe and robust means to alter an immune tumor microenvironment that could potentiate checkpoint immunotherapy for glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Microparticle-mediated local inhibition of NAMPT modulates the tumor immune microenvironment and acts cooperatively with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade, offering a combination immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Nagashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zain A Tirmizi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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11
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Zhang YY, Zhang QQ, Zhang J, Song JL, Li JC, Han K, Huang JT, Jiang CS, Zhang H. Synthesis and evaluation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Galli U, Colombo G, Travelli C, Tron GC, Genazzani AA, Grolla AA. Recent Advances in NAMPT Inhibitors: A Novel Immunotherapic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:656. [PMID: 32477131 PMCID: PMC7235340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor of many enzymatic reactions as well as being a substrate for a number of NAD-consuming enzymes (e.g., PARPS, sirtuins, etc). NAD can be synthesized de novo starting from tryptophan, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside from the diet. On the other hand, the nicotinamide that is liberated by NAD-consuming enzymes can be salvaged to re-form NAD. In this former instance, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the bottleneck enzyme. In the many cells in which the salvage pathway is predominant, NAMPT, therefore, represents an important controller of intracellular NAD concentrations, and as a consequence of energy metabolism. It is, therefore, not surprising that NAMPT is over expressed by tumoral cells, which take advantage from this to sustain growth rate and tumor progression. This has led to the initiation of numerous medicinal chemistry programs to develop NAMPT inhibitors in the context of oncology. More recently, however, it has been shown that NAMPT inhibitors do not solely target the tumor but also have an effect on the immune system. To add complexity, this enzyme can also be secreted by cells, and in the extracellular space it acts as a cytokine mainly through the activation of Toll like Receptor 4 (TLR4), although it has not been clarified yet if this is the only receptor responsible for its actions. While specific small molecules have been developed only against the intracellular form of NAMPT, growing evidences sustain the possibility to target the extracellular form. In this contribution, the most recent evidences on the medicinal chemistry of NAMPT will be reviewed, together with the key elements that sustain the hypothesis of NAMPT targeting and the drawbacks so far encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldina Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ambra A Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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13
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The TIR-domain containing effectors BtpA and BtpB from Brucella abortus impact NAD metabolism. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1007979. [PMID: 32298382 PMCID: PMC7188309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella species are facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacteria relevant to animal and human health. Their ability to establish an intracellular niche and subvert host cell pathways to their advantage depends on the delivery of bacterial effector proteins through a type IV secretion system. Brucella Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-domain-containing proteins BtpA (also known as TcpB) and BtpB are among such effectors. Although divergent in primary sequence, they interfere with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling to inhibit the innate immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms implicated still remain unclear. To gain insight into the functions of BtpA and BtpB, we expressed them in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a eukaryotic cell model. We found that both effectors were cytotoxic and that their respective TIR domains were necessary and sufficient for yeast growth inhibition. Growth arrest was concomitant with actin depolymerization, endocytic block and a general decrease in kinase activity in the cell, suggesting a failure in energetic metabolism. Indeed, levels of ATP and NAD+ were low in yeast cells expressing BtpA and BtpB TIR domains, consistent with the recently described enzymatic activity of some TIR domains as NAD+ hydrolases. In human epithelial cells, both BtpA and BtpB expression reduced intracellular total NAD levels. In infected cells, both BtpA and BtpB contributed to reduction of total NAD, indicating that their NAD+ hydrolase functions are active intracellularly during infection. Overall, combining the yeast model together with mammalian cells and infection studies our results show that BtpA and BtpB modulate energy metabolism in host cells through NAD+ hydrolysis, assigning a novel role for these TIR domain-containing effectors in Brucella pathogenesis. Brucella is a genus of zoonotic bacteria that cause severe disease in a variety of mammals, ranging from farm animals (as bovines, swine and ovine) to marine mammals. Transmission to humans, often by ingestion of non-treated dairy products, leads to serious systemic infection. Brucella abortus invades host cells and replicates intracellularly. Such behavior relies on the injection of bacterial proteins into the host cytoplasm via specialized secretion systems. Our work focuses on the study of two of these factors, BtpA and BtpB, previously described to contain Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-domains that modulate innate immunity. We use here two biological models: the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cell lines. We found that the TIR domains of both Brucella proteins were necessary and sufficient to collapse energy metabolism in yeast by depleting ATP and NAD+. This result was translatable to higher cells and consistent with the recently described NADase activity of some TIR domains both in mammalian and bacterial proteins. Importantly, we demonstrate that Brucella down-regulates total NAD levels in host cells by using both BtpA and BtpB effectors. Our results show that NAD+ is targeted by Brucella during infection, which may constitute a novel mechanism for its pathogenicity.
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14
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Singhal A, Cheng CY. Host NAD+ metabolism and infections: therapeutic implications. Int Immunol 2020; 31:59-67. [PMID: 30329059 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is both a crucial coenzyme and a cosubstrate for various metabolic reactions in all living cells. Maintenance of NAD+ levels is essential for cell energy homeostasis, survival, proliferation and function. Mounting evidence points to NAD+ as one of the major modulators of immuno-metabolic circuits, thus regulating immune responses and functions. Recent studies delineate impaired host NAD+ metabolism during chronic infections and inflammation, suggesting NAD+ replenishment as an avenue to ameliorate deleterious inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss aspects of NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption, NAD+ biology during infections and how NAD+ metabolism can be intervened with pharmacologically to enhance the host's immunological fitness against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Catherine Youting Cheng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Sobuz SU, Sato Y, Yoshizawa T, Karim F, Ono K, Sawa T, Miyamoto Y, Oka M, Yamagata K. SIRT7 regulates the nuclear export of NF-κB p65 by deacetylating Ran. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1355-1367. [PMID: 31075303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is an NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylase that regulates diverse biological processes. We recently observed that SIRT7 deficiency suppresses the nuclear accumulation of p65, which is a component of nuclear factor kappa B. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that SIRT7 interacts with a small GTPase, Ras-related nuclear antigen (Ran), and deacetylates Ran at K37. The nuclear export of p65 was facilitated in SIRT7-deficient fibroblast cells, while the nuclear export was inhibited in SIRT7-deficient cells expressing K37R-Ran (deacetylation-mimicking mutant). Additionally, the nuclear export of p65 in wild-type fibroblast cells was promoted by K37Q-Ran (acetylation-mimicking mutant). K37Q-Ran exhibited an increased ability to bind to chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), which is a major nuclear receptor that mediates the export of cargo proteins, and enhanced the binding between p65 and CRM1. These data suggest that SIRT7 is a lysine deacetylase that targets the K37 residue of Ran to suppress the nuclear export of p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab U Sobuz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fazlul Karim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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16
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Petin K, Weiss R, Müller G, Garten A, Grahnert A, Sack U, Hauschildt S. NAD metabolites interfere with proliferation and functional properties of THP-1 cells. Innate Immun 2019; 25:280-293. [PMID: 31053044 PMCID: PMC6830904 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919844587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years the NAD-related compounds nicotinamide (NAM),
nicotinamide riboside (NR) and 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) have been established
as important molecules in signalling pathways that contribute to metabolic
functions of many cells, including those of the immune system. Among immune
cells, monocytes/macrophages, which are the major players of inflammatory
processes, are especially susceptible to the anti-inflammatory action of NAM.
Here we asked whether NAM and the two other compounds have the potential to
regulate differentiation and LPS-induced biological answers of the monocytic
cell line THP-1. We show that treatment of THP-1 cells with NAM, NR and MNA
resulted in growth retardation accompanied by enrichment of cells in the
G0/G1-phase independent of p21 and p53. NAM and NR caused an increase in
intracellular NAD concentrations and SIRT1 and PARP1 mRNA expression was found
to be enhanced. The compounds failed to up-regulate the expression of the cell
surface differentiation markers CD38, CD11b and CD14. They modulated the
reactive oxygen species production and primed the cells to respond less
effectively to the LPS induced TNF-α production. Our data show that the NAD
metabolites interfere with early events associated with differentiation of THP-1
cells along the monocytic path and that they affect LPS-induced biological
responses of the cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Petin
- 1 Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Ronald Weiss
- 1 Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Gerd Müller
- 2 Department of Molecular Oncology, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- 3 Centre for Paediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig University, Germany.,4 Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Anja Grahnert
- 1 Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- 1 Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Germany
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17
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Koo SJ, Garg NJ. Metabolic programming of macrophage functions and pathogens control. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101198. [PMID: 31048245 PMCID: PMC6488820 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are central players in mediating proinflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Unchecked Mφ activities contribute to pathology across many diseases, including those caused by infectious pathogens and metabolic disorders. A fine balance of Mφ responses is crucial, which may be achieved by enforcing appropriate bioenergetics pathways. Metabolism serves as the provider of energy, substrates, and byproducts that support differential Mφ characteristics. The metabolic properties that control the polarization and response of Mφ remain to be fully uncovered for use in managing infectious diseases. Here, we review the various metabolic states in Mφ and how they influence the cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Jie Koo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
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18
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Cambeiro-Pérez N, Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, Moro-García MA, Alonso-Arias R, Simal-Gándara J, Sánchez B, Martínez-Carballo E. A Metabolomics Approach Reveals Immunomodulatory Effects of Proteinaceous Molecules Derived From Gut Bacteria Over Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2701. [PMID: 30524384 PMCID: PMC6262353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There are strong evidences that probiotics influence the immune status of the host, in a strain-specific manner, acting in the gastrointestinal tract. On the hypothesis that certain extracellular proteins and peptides from gut bacteria may mediate part of this immunomodulation and assuming they are able to diffuse through the mucus layer and interact with immune cells we have developed this work. Our study attempts to understand the immunomodulatory mechanisms of (i) Pext, the extracellular protein fraction of Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM20079T, (ii) HM14, a peptide encrypted in an extracellular glycoside hydrolase from Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 8809 and (iii) Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-known pro-inflammatory molecule, over human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). An untargeted LC-ESI-QTOF-MS metabolomics approach was applied to reveal intracellular changes in treated-PBMCs isolated from healthy donors. Differences in NADH arrest, NAD+ concentration reduction, as well as increases in palmitic acid and methanephrin were observed in HM14 and Pext treated-cells compared to those stimulated with LPS. This would support an anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of action of such proteinaceous molecules. Moreover, this methodology has confirms the importance of metabolomics approaches to better understanding immune cell responses to gut bacterial-derived molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Cambeiro-Pérez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Claudio Hidalgo-Cantabrana
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Villaviciosa, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marco A Moro-García
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Villaviciosa, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Carballo
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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19
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Nakano T, Goto S, Takaoka Y, Tseng HP, Fujimura T, Kawamoto S, Ono K, Chen CL. A novel moonlight function of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) for immunomodulation. Biofactors 2018; 44:597-608. [PMID: 28753256 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an energy metabolism-related enzyme, which generates NADH in glycolysis. Our previous study revealed a novel role of exogenous GAPDH in the amelioration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis-related, severe acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Here, we show the effect of extracellular GAPDH on the physiological functions of macrophages, which play an important role in the onset of sepsis and ALI. GAPDH has no effect on cell viability, while it strongly suppressed cell adhesion, spreading, and phagocytic function of LPS-stimulated macrophages. GAPDH treatment significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, while it induced interleukin (IL)-10 production from LPS-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. It is noteworthy that heat inactivation of GAPDH lost its immunomodulatory activity. Correspondingly, NADH significantly inhibited TNF-α and enhanced IL-10 production with elevation of both M1/M2 macrophage markers. These data suggest that extracellular GAPDH induces intermediate M1/M2 macrophages for termination of inflammation, partly through its enzyme activity for generation of NADH. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):597-608, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Nobeoka Medical Check Center, Fukuoka Institution of Occupational Health, 2-1-5 Atagomachi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-0872, Japan
- Basic Medical Science of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Takaoka
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Peng Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ono
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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20
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Transcriptional Profiling Suggests Extensive Metabolic Rewiring of Human and Mouse Macrophages during Early Interferon Alpha Responses. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:5906819. [PMID: 30147442 PMCID: PMC6083555 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5906819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cellular metabolism plays a critical role in regulating immune activation. Alterations in energy and lipid and amino acid metabolism have been shown to contribute to type I interferon (IFN) responses in macrophages, but the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the establishment of early antiviral function remains poorly defined. Here, we used transcriptional profiling datasets to develop global metabolic signatures associated with early IFN-α responses in two primary macrophage model systems: mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Short-term stimulation with IFN-α (<4 hours) was associated with significant metabolic rewiring, with >500 metabolic genes altered in mouse and human macrophage models. Pathway and network analysis identified alterations in genes associated with cellular bioenergetics, cellular oxidant status, cAMP/AMP and cGMP/GMP ratios, branched chain amino acid catabolism, cell membrane composition, fatty acid synthesis, and β-oxidation as key features of early IFN-α responses. These changes may have important implications for initial establishment of antiviral function in these cells.
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21
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Travelli C, Colombo G, Mola S, Genazzani AA, Porta C. NAMPT: A pleiotropic modulator of monocytes and macrophages. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:25-36. [PMID: 30031171 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the bottleneck enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway and thereby is a controller of intracellular NAD concentrations. It has been long known that the same enzyme can be secreted by a number of cell types and acts as a cytokine, although its receptor is at present unknown. Investigational compounds have been developed that target the enzymatic activity as well as the extracellular action (i.e. neutralizing antibodies). The present contribution reviews the evidence that links intracellular and extracellular NAMPT to myeloid biology, for example governing monocyte/macrophage differentiation, polarization and migration. Furthermore, it reviews the evidence that links this protein to some disorders in which myeloid cells have a prominent role (acute infarct, inflammatory bowel disease, acute lung injury and rheumatoid arthritis) and the data showing that inhibition of the enzymatic activity or the neutralization of the cytokine is beneficial in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Mola
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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22
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Han Q, Chen C, Hu HQ, Shen J, Yang G, Chen B, Xia L. Effect evaluation on use of bedside fiber bronchoscope in treating stroke-associated pneumonia. Top Stroke Rehabil 2018; 25:459-466. [PMID: 29785872 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2018.1469712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The bedside fiber bronchoscope has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease. This study aims to assess the effect of using bedside fiber bronchoscope in sputum suction and alveolar lavage for treatment of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), compared with the use of conventional suction catheter. Methods One hundred and six patients with SAP were randomly divided into control group (n = 53) and experimental group (n = 53) for a controlled study. Patients in the two groups were conventionally treated with phlegm-resolving and anti-infective therapy. The conventional suction catheter was used for sputum suction for patients in the control group, while bedside fiber bronchoscope was used for sputum suction and alveolar lavage in the experimental group. Clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) of the two groups was carried out. The heart rate, blood gas, levels of inflammatory factors in serum, and CPIS were contrastively analyzed between the two groups. Results The blood gas (including pH, PaCO2, PaO2) levels of inflammatory factors in serum such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor, and CPIS (including the third day and seventh day) in the experimental group (n = 53) were all superior to those of the control group (n = 53) (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the pulmonary ventilation condition and inflammatory response of patients with SAP were significantly improved with the use of bedside fiber bronchoscope. Conclusion The use of bedside fiber bronchoscope is beneficial in modifying the pulmonary ventilation and relieving systemic inflammatory response of patients with SAP, exhibiting a great value in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Han
- a Department of Neurology , Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Huai'an , China
| | - Chun Chen
- b Department of Neurology , Hongze Huai'an District People's Hospital , Huai'an , China
| | - Hai-Qin Hu
- c Department of Perinatology , Huai'an Women and Children's Hospital , Huai'an , China
| | - Jun Shen
- a Department of Neurology , Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Huai'an , China
| | - Guang Yang
- a Department of Neurology , Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Huai'an , China
| | - Bin Chen
- d Department of Stomatology , Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lei Xia
- e Department of Neurology , Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , China
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Bernstock JD, Vicario N, Costa ASH, Kwok CK, Leonardi T, Booty LM, Bicci I, Balzarotti B, Volpe G, Mallucci G, Manferrari G, Donegà M, Iraci N, Braga A, Hallenbeck JM, Murphy MP, Edenhofer F, Frezza C, Pluchino S. Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Succinate Licenses Neural Stem Cells to Suppress Chronic Neuroinflammation. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:355-368.e13. [PMID: 29478844 PMCID: PMC5842147 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation can influence immune responses and suppress inflammation in the CNS. Metabolites, such as succinate, modulate the phenotype and function of immune cells, but whether and how NSCs are also activated by such immunometabolites to control immunoreactivity and inflammatory responses is unclear. Here, we show that transplanted somatic and directly induced NSCs ameliorate chronic CNS inflammation by reducing succinate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, thereby decreasing mononuclear phagocyte (MP) infiltration and secondary CNS damage. Inflammatory MPs release succinate, which activates succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1)/GPR91 on NSCs, leading them to secrete prostaglandin E2 and scavenge extracellular succinate with consequential anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, our work reveals an unexpected role for the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in somatic and directly induced NSCs, which controls the response of stem cells to inflammatory metabolic signals released by type 1 MPs in the chronically inflamed brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chee Keong Kwok
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee M Booty
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iacopo Bicci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beatrice Balzarotti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulio Volpe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulia Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulia Manferrari
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matteo Donegà
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Alice Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John M Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Sica A, Strauss L, Consonni FM, Travelli C, Genazzani A, Porta C. Metabolic regulation of suppressive myeloid cells in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Inhibition of Extracellular Calcium Influx Results in Enhanced IL-12 Production in LPS-Treated Murine Macrophages by Downregulation of the CaMKKβ-AMPK-SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6152713. [PMID: 27313401 PMCID: PMC4904125 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6152713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages are the primary sources of IL-12, a key cytokine bridging innate and adaptive immunity. However, macrophages produce low amounts of IL-12 upon stimulation and the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found a new calcium-dependent mechanism that controlled IL-12 production in LPS-treated murine macrophages. First, LPS was demonstrated to induce extracellular calcium entry in murine peritoneal macrophages and inhibition of calcium influx resulted in marked enhancement in IL-12 production. Then, withdrawal of extracellular calcium was found to suppress CaMKKβ and AMPK activation triggered by LPS while chemical inhibition or genetic knockdown of these two kinases augmented LPS induced IL-12 production. AMPK activation increased the NAD+/NADH ratio and activated Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylating enzyme and negative regulator of inflammation. Chemical inhibitor or siRNA of SIRT1 enhanced IL-12 release while its agonist suppressed IL-12 production. Finally, it was found that SIRT1 selectively affected the transcriptional activity of NF-κB which thereby inhibited IL-12 production. Overall, our study demonstrates a new role of transmembrane calcium mobilization in immunity modulation such that inhibition of calcium influx leads to impaired activation of CaMKKβ-AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway which lifts restriction on NF-κB activation and results in enhanced IL-12 production.
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