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El-Khouly OA, Henen MA, El-Sayed MAA, El-Messery SM. Design, synthesis and computational study of new benzofuran hybrids as dual PI3K/VEGFR2 inhibitors targeting cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17104. [PMID: 36224254 PMCID: PMC9556824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and synthesis of a new series of benzofuran derivatives has been performed. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, and IR were used to confirm the structures of the produced compounds. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HePG2), mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7), epithelioid carcinoma cervical cancer (Hela), and human prostate cancer are used to test anticancer activity (PC3). In compared to DOX (4.17-8.87 µM), Compound 8 demonstrated the highest activity against HePG and PC3 cell lines, with an IC50 range of 11-17 µM. Compound 8 inhibited PI3K and VEGFR-2 with IC50 values of 2.21 and 68 nM, respectively, compared to 6.18 nM for compound LY294002 and 31.2 nM for compound sorafenib as PI3K and VEGFR-2 reference inhibitors, selectively. The molecular docking and binding affinity of the generated compounds were estimated and studied computationally utilizing molecular operating environment software as a PI3K and VEGFR-2 inhibitor (MOE). In conclusion, compound 8 exhibited significant action against hepatocellular and cervical cancer cell lines. Mechanistic study showed that it had a dual inhibitory effect against PI3K and VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. El-Khouly
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt ,grid.10251.370000000103426662Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35712, New Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Morkos A. Henen
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt ,grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Magda A.-A. El-Sayed
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt ,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, P.O. Box 34518, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Shahenda M. El-Messery
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt ,grid.10251.370000000103426662Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35712, New Mansoura, Egypt
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2
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Wang J, Huang Y, Xu J, Yue B, Wen Y, Wang X, Lei C, Chen H. Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of bovine primary myoblasts through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6553189. [PMID: 35325183 PMCID: PMC9030145 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a transcription factor involved in various cellular processes in organismal growth and development. However, its role in muscle function is unclear. This work investigated the roles of PLAG1 in muscle development and explored its regulatory mechanisms. The PLAG1 was proved to promote the proliferation of bovine primary myoblasts using the cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay (P < 0.001), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assay (P = 0.005), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) (P = 0.028), western blot, and flow cytometry (P < 0.05), and to inhibit apoptosis of bovine primary myoblasts using qRT-PCR (P = 0.038), western blot, and flow cytometry (P < 0.001). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and western blot showed PLAG1 upregulated phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, Cyclin D1, and CDK2 and inhibited the expression of p21 and p27 to enhance myoblast proliferation, and increased expression of Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL to inhibit apoptosis. Additionally, PLAG1 was identified as a target of miR-1 using dual-luciferase assay (P < 0.001), qRT-PCR (P < 0.001), and western blot. Furthermore, miR-1 might be a potential mediator of the positive feedback regulation relationship between PLAG1 and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binglin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Bagsværdvej 103, ST., Konge Larsen ApS, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author:
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3
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de Klerk DJ, de Keijzer MJ, Dias LM, Heemskerk J, de Haan LR, Kleijn TG, Franchi LP, Heger M. Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:405-480. [PMID: 35505025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally to noninvasive treatment modality that has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments. PDT induces hyperoxidative stress and disrupts cellular homeostasis in photosensitized cancer cells, resulting in cell death and ultimately removal of the tumor. However, various survival pathways can be activated in sublethally afflicted cancer cells following PDT. The acute stress response is one of the known survival pathways in PDT, which is activated by reactive oxygen species and signals via ASK-1 (directly) or via TNFR (indirectly). The acute stress response can activate various other survival pathways that may entail antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and proteotoxic stress responses that culminate in the cancer cell's ability to cope with redox stress and oxidative damage. This review provides an overview of the immediate early stress response in the context of PDT, mechanisms of activation by PDT, and molecular intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting survival signaling and improving PDT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jordi Heemskerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Haider K, Rehman S, Pathak A, Najmi AK, Yar MS. Advances in 2-substituted benzothiazole scaffold-based chemotherapeutic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100246. [PMID: 34467567 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy plays a pivotal role in cancer therapeutics by countering the drawbacks of conventional treatment like adverse events and drug resistance. Over the last decade, heterocyclic derivatives have received considerable attention as cytotoxic agents by modulating various signaling pathways. Benzothiazole is an important heterocyclic scaffold that has been explored for its therapeutic potential. Benzothiazole-based derivatives have emerged as potent inhibitors of enzymes such as EGFR, VEGFR, PI3K, topoisomerases, and thymidylate kinases. Several researchers have designed, synthesized, and evaluated benzothiazole scaffold-based enzyme inhibitors. Of these, several inhibitors have entered various phases of clinical trials. This review describes the recent advances and developments of benzothiazole architecture-based derivatives as potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sara Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul K Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad S Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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5
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Yao W, Jia X, Xu L, Li S, Wei L. MicroRNA-2053 involves in the progression of esophageal cancer by targeting KIF3C. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1163-1172. [PMID: 34057012 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1929675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of micorRNA-2053 in esophageal cancer development. The expression level of miR-2053 in esophageal cancer cell lines was detected. After cell transfection, the effects of miR-2053 overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells were determined. Moreover, the potential molecular mechanism was explored by measuring the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis-related proteins. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to investigate the target gene of miR-2053. The protein expressions of PI3K/AKT pathway associated factors were detected after overexpression of miR-2053 or administration with the pathway inhibitor LY294002. The miR-2053 was downregulated in esophageal cancer cell lines. Overexpression of miR-2053 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion while promoted apoptosis. Molecular mechanism elucidated that miR-2053 could reduce EMT and elevate the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. Further study found that overexpressed miR-2053 could negatively regulate KIF3C and involve in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study demonstrated the downregulation of miR-2053 in esophageal cancer. Downregulation of miR-2053 involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells through upregulating KIF3C expression and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. miR-2053 may have the potential in clinical treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Xiangbo Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Saisai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
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Tripathi A, Kashyap A, Tripathi G, Yadav J, Bibban R, Aggarwal N, Thakur K, Chhokar A, Jadli M, Sah AK, Verma Y, Zayed H, Husain A, Bharti AC, Kashyap MK. Tumor reversion: a dream or a reality. Biomark Res 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 33958005 PMCID: PMC8101112 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversion of tumor to a normal differentiated cell once considered a dream is now at the brink of becoming a reality. Different layers of molecules/events such as microRNAs, transcription factors, alternative RNA splicing, post-transcriptional, post-translational modifications, availability of proteomics, genomics editing tools, and chemical biology approaches gave hope to manipulation of cancer cells reversion to a normal cell phenotype as evidences are subtle but definitive. Regardless of the advancement, there is a long way to go, as customized techniques are required to be fine-tuned with precision to attain more insights into tumor reversion. Tumor regression models using available genome-editing methods, followed by in vitro and in vivo proteomics profiling techniques show early evidence. This review summarizes tumor reversion developments, present issues, and unaddressed challenges that remained in the uncharted territory to modulate cellular machinery for tumor reversion towards therapeutic purposes successfully. Ongoing research reaffirms the potential promises of understanding the mechanism of tumor reversion and required refinement that is warranted in vitro and in vivo models of tumor reversion, and the potential translation of these into cancer therapy. Furthermore, therapeutic compounds were reported to induce phenotypic changes in cancer cells into normal cells, which will contribute in understanding the mechanism of tumor reversion. Altogether, the efforts collectively suggest that tumor reversion will likely reveal a new wave of therapeutic discoveries that will significantly impact clinical practice in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avantika Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, Manesar (Gurugram), -122413, India
| | - Anjali Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Greesham Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, Manesar (Gurugram), -122413, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rakhi Bibban
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, Manesar (Gurugram), India
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Haryana, Gurugram, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, C C S University, Meerut, UP, 250004, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amjad Husain
- Centre for Science & Society, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
- Innovation and Incubation Centre for Entrepreneurship (IICE), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, Manesar (Gurugram), -122413, India.
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India.
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El-Khouly OA, Henen MA, El-Sayed MAA, Shabaan MI, El-Messery SM. Synthesis, anticancer and antimicrobial evaluation of new benzofuran based derivatives: PI3K inhibition, quorum sensing and molecular modeling study. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 31:115976. [PMID: 33388654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of benzofuran derivatives has been designed and synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by the use of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D 1H-1H NOESY NMR, and IR. Anticancer activity is evaluated against Hepatocellular carcinoma (HePG2), mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7), Epitheliod carcinoma cervix cancer (Hela) and human prostate cancer (PC3). Compounds 8, 9, and 11 showed the highest activity towards the four cell lines with an IC50 range of 8.49-16.72 µM, 6.55-13.14 µM and 4-8.99 µM respectively in comparison to DOX (4.17-8.87 µM). Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) inhibition was evaluated against the most active anticancer compounds 8, 9 and 11. Compounds 8, 9 and 11 showed good inhibitory activity against PI3Kα with IC50 values 4.1, 7.8, and 20.5 µM, respectively in comparison to 6.18 µM for the reference compound LY294002. In addition, activity of compounds 8 and 9 on cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in different phases of MCF-7 cells were assessed and detected pre-G1 apoptosis and cell growth arrest at G2/M. Also, both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis in MCF-7 cells induced by compounds 8 and 9. Molecular docking, binding affinity surface mapping, and contact preference of the synthesized compounds 8, 9 and 11 against PI3K were estimated and studied computationally using molecular operating environment software (MOE) and showed good interaction with essential residues for inhibition Val851. In addition, antimicrobial activity was evaluated against gram positive isolates as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, gram negative isolate as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal potential against Candida albicans. Compound 17 showed outstanding anti Gram-positive activity with MIC values 8 and 256 µg/mL in Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus respectively. Also, compounds 15, 17, 18 and 21 showed good anti Gram-negative activity with MIC value 512 µg/mL for all compounds. In addition, the state-of-art quorum sensing (QS) inhibiting effects were detected using Chromobacterium violaceum and compounds 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 showed good QS inhibition (3, 3, 5, 2, and 7 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A El-Khouly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Morkos A Henen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, USA.
| | - Magda A-A El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, P.O. Box 34518, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mona I Shabaan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shahenda M El-Messery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
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8
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Effect of Methylene Blue and PI3K-Akt Pathway Inhibitors on the Neurovascular System after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1797-1807. [PMID: 32507927 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) has a protective effect on cognitive decline caused by chronic hypoperfusion, but the specific mechanism is not clear. This article aims to determine whether MB protects vascular neurons through PI3K/Akt and plays a role in improving cognitive impairment. Molecular biological methods, the hippocampal neuronal density test, the hippocampal vascular network density test, and dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to detect the blood-brain barrier permeability and Evans blue leakage rate in the hippocampus. We also observed and evaluated the changes in the above results after administration of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway protein inhibitor LY294002. There were significant differences for cerebral blood flow (CBF) between the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) + MB group (100 ml/100 g/min) and the CCH group (60 ml/100 g/min, P < 0.05). After using LY294002, the CBF of the CCH + MB + LY294002 group dropped to 82 ml/100 g/min. The vascular density in the CCH + MB group was 23%, which is significantly higher than that in the CCH group (15.1%) (P < 0.05). The vascular density (17.5%) in the CCH + MB + LY294002 group was significantly higher than that in the CCH group but lower than that in the CCH + MB group. Western blotting results showed that one week after intraperitoneal injection of MB, the expression of t-Akt and p-Akt in the CCH + MB group was increased after CCH, and LY294002 partially blocked this up-regulation effect (CCH + MB + LY294002 group). MB is a potential therapy for the relief of mild cognitive impairment associated with CCH, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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9
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Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is involved in many cellular pathways. It has a key role in the cellular response to DNA damage, in the repair of DNA double-strand break (DNA-DSBs) and as a consequence an important role in maintaining genomic integrity. In addition, DNA-PK has been shown to modulate transcription, to be involved in the development of the immune system and to protect telomeres. These pleotropic involvements and the fact that its expression is de-regulated in cancer have made DNA-PK an intriguing therapeutic target in cancer therapy, especially when combined with agents causing DNA-DSBs such as topoisomerase II inhibitors and ionizing radiation. Different small molecule inhibitors of DNA-PK have been recently synthesized and some are now being tested in clinical trials. This review discusses what is known about DNA-PK, its role in tumor biology, DNA repair and cancer therapy and critically discusses its inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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10
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Zhu Z, Yichen W, Ziheng Z, Dinghao G, Ming L, Wei L, Enfang S, Gang H, Honda H, Jian Y. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in DEC1 deficient mice potentially involves the decrease of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12733-12753. [PMID: 31884423 PMCID: PMC6949058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we study the effects of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1(DEC1) deficiency on midbrain dopaminergic(DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) through behavioral, histological and molecular analysis. We have found that compared to the age-matched WT mice, DEC1 deficient mice show a decrease in locomotor activity and motor coordination, which shows the main features of Parkinson's disease(PD). But there is no significant difference in spatial learning and memory skills between WT and DEC1 KO mice. Compared to the age-matched WT mice, DEC1 deficient mice exhibit the loss of DA neurons in the SNpc and reduction of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. The activated caspase-3 and TH/TUNEL+ cells increase in the SNpc of 6- and 12-month-old DEC1 KO mice compared to those of the age-matched WT mice. But we haven't found any NeuN/TUNEL+ cell increase in the hippocampus of the above two types of mice at the age of 6 months. Furthermore, DEC1 deficiency leads to a significant inhibition of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Additionally, LiCl could rescue the DA neuron loss of midbrain in the 6-month-old DEC1 KO mice. Taken together, the loss of DA neurons in the DEC1 deficient mice potentially involves the downregulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,, Department of Pharmacology Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Yichen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Ziheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Dinghao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Enfang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Gang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,, Department of Pharmacology Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yang Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Gu X, Guo W, Zhao Y, Liu G, Wu J, Chang C. Deoxynivalenol-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells Through the Activation of Autophagy by Inhibiting PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18478-18486. [PMID: 31720552 PMCID: PMC6844115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the purpose to explore the relationship between deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced apoptosis and autophagy and provide mechanistic explanations for the toxic effects of DON on IPEC-J2 cells, we determined the cell viability, cell morphology, apoptosis, and autophagy by using autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002, and activator 740Y-P. It turned out that 3-MA was able to attenuate the reduction of cell viability induced by DON. Moreover, 3-MA was capable of upregulating the expression of DON-induced autophagic protein p62 and downregulating the expressions of DON-induced autophagic protein LC3-II and apoptotic protein Bax, suggesting that autophagy is a driving mechanism for this apoptotic induction. The results of Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that DON could induce apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Subsequently, it was further confirmed by Western blot analysis that DON significantly decreased expressions of P-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, and autophagic protein p62, and increased expression of autophagy-related protein LC3-II, suggesting that DON triggered autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. To conclude, these data reveal that DON may induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis through the activation of autophagy by suppressing the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which DON incurs cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Gu
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wenyan Guo
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key
Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Staple Grain and Oil, Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of
Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Jine Wu
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key
Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Staple Grain and Oil, Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of
Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
- E-mail: . Phone: 0086-27-83924790 (O), 086-15902714609. Fax: 0086-27-83924790 (J.W.)
| | - Chao Chang
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key
Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Staple Grain and Oil, Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of
Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
- E-mail: . Phone: 0086-27-83924790 (O), 086-13296653583. Fax: 0086-27-83924790 (C.C.)
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12
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Sekino Y, Han X, Kawaguchi T, Babasaki T, Goto K, Inoue S, Hayashi T, Teishima J, Shiota M, Yasui W, Matsubara A. TUBB3 Reverses Resistance to Docetaxel and Cabazitaxel in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163936. [PMID: 31412591 PMCID: PMC6719236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that TUBB3 overexpression is involved in docetaxel (DTX) resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to clarify the role of TUBB3 in DTX and cabazitaxel (CBZ) resistance, and cross-resistance between DTX and CBZ in PCa. We analyzed the effect of TUBB3 knockdown on DTX and CBZ resistance and examined the interaction between TUBB3 and PTEN. We also investigated the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) in DTX and CBZ resistance. TUBB3 expression was upregulated in DTX-resistant and CBZ-resistant cells. TUBB3 knockdown re-sensitized DTX-resistant cells to DTX and CBZ-resistant cells to CBZ. Additionally, TUBB3 knockdown re-sensitized DTX-resistant cell lines to CBZ, indicating that TUBB3 mediates cross-resistance between DTX and CBZ. Knockdown of TUBB3 enhanced PTEN expression, and PTEN knockout enhanced TUBB3 expression. LY294002 suppressed TUBB3 expression in DTX-resistant and CBZ-resistant cell lines. LY294002 re-sensitized DTX-resistant cell lines to DTX and CBZ-resistant cell lines to CBZ. These results suggest that TUBB3 is involved in DTX resistance and CBZ resistance. A combination of LY294002/DTX and that of LY294002/CBZ could be potential strategies for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Xiangrui Han
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawaguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shogo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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13
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Thakuri PS, Gupta M, Joshi R, Singh S, Tavana H. Synergistic Inhibition of Kinase Pathways Overcomes Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Spheroids to Cyclic Targeted Therapies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:275-284. [PMID: 32259061 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often adapt to single-agent treatments with chemotherapeutics. Activation of alternative survival pathways is a major mechanism of drug resistance. A potential approach to block this feedback signaling is using combination treatments of a pair of drugs, although toxicity has been a limiting factor. Preclinical tumor models to identify mechanisms of drug resistance and determine low but effective combination doses are critical to effectively suppress tumor growth with reduced toxicity to patients. Using our aqueous two-phase system microtechnology, we developed colorectal tumor spheroids in high-throughput and evaluated resistance of cancer cells to three mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) in long-term cyclic treatments. Our quantitative analysis showed that the efficacy of MAPKi significantly reduced over time, leading to an increase in proliferation of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and growth of spheroids. We established that resistance was due to feedback activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Using high-throughput, dose-dependent combinations of each MAPKi and a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, we identified low-dose, synergistic combinations that blocked resistance to MAPKi and effectively suppressed the growth of colorectal tumor spheroids in long-term treatments. Our approach to study drug resistance offers the potential to determine high priority treatments to test in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Megha Gupta
- Department of Arts and Sciences, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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14
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Cai J, Qian K, Zuo X, Yue W, Bian Y, Yang J, Wei J, Zhao W, Qian H, Liu B. PLGA nanoparticle-based docetaxel/LY294002 drug delivery system enhances antitumor activities against gastric cancer. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1394-1406. [PMID: 30952195 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219837683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (TXT) is acknowledged as one of the most important chemotherapy agents for gastric cancer (GC). PI3K/AKT signaling is frequently activated in GC, and its inhibitor LY294002 exerts potent antitumor effects. However, the hydrophobicity of TXT and the poor solubility and low bioavailability of LY294002 limit their clinical application. To overcome these shortcomings, we developed poly(lactic acid/glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with TXT and LY294002. PLGA facilitated the accumulation of TXT and LY294002 at the tumor sites. The in vitro functional results showed that PLGA(TXT+LY294002) exhibited controlled-release and resulted in a markedly reduced proliferative capacity and an elevated apoptosis rate. An in vivo orthotopic GC mouse model and xenograft mouse model confirmed the anticancer superiority and tumor-targeting feature of PLGA(TXT+LY294002). Histological analysis indicated that PLGA(TXT+LY294002) was biocompatible and had no toxicity to major organs. Characterized by the combined slow release of TXT and LY294002, this novel PLGA-based TXT/LY294002 drug delivery system provides controlled release and tumor targeting and is safe, shedding light on the future of targeted therapy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cai
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Keyang Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueliang Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wuheng Yue
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinzhu Bian
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Repression of Human Papillomavirus Oncogene Expression under Hypoxia Is Mediated by PI3K/mTORC2/AKT Signaling. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02323-18. [PMID: 30755508 PMCID: PMC6372795 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02323-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic HPV types are major human carcinogens. Under hypoxia, HPV-positive cancer cells can repress the viral E6/E7 oncogenes and induce a reversible growth arrest. This response could contribute to therapy resistance, immune evasion, and tumor recurrence upon reoxygenation. Here, we uncover evidence that HPV oncogene repression is mediated by hypoxia-induced activation of canonical PI3K/mTORC2/AKT signaling. AKT-dependent downregulation of E6/E7 is only observed under hypoxia and occurs, at least in part, at the transcriptional level. Quantitative proteome analyses identify additional factors as candidates to be involved in AKT-dependent E6/E7 repression and/or hypoxic PI3K/mTORC2/AKT activation. These results connect PI3K/mTORC2/AKT signaling with HPV oncogene regulation, providing new mechanistic insights into the cross talk between oncogenic HPVs and their host cells. Hypoxia is linked to therapeutic resistance and poor clinical prognosis for many tumor entities, including human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cancers. Notably, HPV-positive cancer cells can induce a dormant state under hypoxia, characterized by a reversible growth arrest and strong repression of viral E6/E7 oncogene expression, which could contribute to therapy resistance, immune evasion and tumor recurrence. The present work aimed to gain mechanistic insights into the pathway(s) underlying HPV oncogene repression under hypoxia. We show that E6/E7 downregulation is mediated by hypoxia-induced stimulation of AKT signaling. Ablating AKT function in hypoxic HPV-positive cancer cells by using chemical inhibitors efficiently counteracts E6/E7 repression. Isoform-specific activation or downregulation of AKT1 and AKT2 reveals that both AKT isoforms contribute to hypoxic E6/E7 repression and act in a functionally redundant manner. Hypoxic AKT activation and consecutive E6/E7 repression is dependent on the activities of the canonical upstream AKT regulators phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2). Hypoxic downregulation of E6/E7 occurs, at least in part, at the transcriptional level. Modulation of E6/E7 expression by the PI3K/mTORC2/AKT cascade is hypoxia specific and not observed in normoxic HPV-positive cancer cells. Quantitative proteome analyses identify additional factors as candidates to be involved in hypoxia-induced activation of the PI3K/mTORC2/AKT signaling cascade and in the AKT-dependent repression of the E6/E7 oncogenes under hypoxia. Collectively, these data uncover a functional key role of the PI3K/mTORC2/AKT signaling cascade for viral oncogene repression in hypoxic HPV-positive cancer cells and provide new insights into the poorly understood cross talk between oncogenic HPVs and their host cells under hypoxia.
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16
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Chen C, Breslin MB, Guidry JJ, Lan MS. 5'-Iodotubercidin represses insulinoma-associated-1 expression, decreases cAMP levels, and suppresses human neuroblastoma cell growth. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5456-5465. [PMID: 30755485 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulinoma-associated-1 (INSM1) is a key protein functioning as a transcriptional repressor in neuroendocrine differentiation and is activated by N-Myc in human neuroblastoma (NB). INSM1 modulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT)-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway through a positive-feedback loop, resulting in N-Myc stabilization. Accordingly, INSM1 has emerged as a critical player closely associated with N-Myc in facilitating NB cell growth. Here, an INSM1 promoter-driven luciferase-based screen revealed that the compound 5'-iodotubercidin suppresses adenosine kinase (ADK), an energy pathway enzyme, and also INSM1 expression and NB tumor growth. Next, we sought to dissect how the ADK pathway contributes to NB tumor cell growth in the context of INSM1 expression. We also found that 5'-iodotubercidin inhibits INSM1 expression and induces an intra- and extracellular adenosine imbalance. The adenosine imbalance, which triggers adenosine receptor-3 signaling that decreases cAMP levels and AKT phosphorylation and enhances GSK3β activity. We further observed that GSK3β then phosphorylates β-catenin and promotes the cytoplasmic proteasomal degradation pathway. 5'-Iodotubercidin treatment and INSM1 inhibition suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and the AKT signaling pathways required for NB cell proliferation. The 5'-iodotubercidin treatment also suppressed β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1), cyclin D1, N-Myc, and INSM1 levels, ultimately leading to apoptosis via caspase-3 and p53 activation. The identification of the signaling pathways that control the proliferation of aggressive NB reported here suggests new options for combination treatments of NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessie J Guidry
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the LSUHSC Proteomics Core Facility, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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17
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18
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George VC, Ansari SA, Chelakkot VS, Chelakkot AL, Chelakkot C, Menon V, Ramadan W, Ethiraj KR, El-Awady R, Mantso T, Mitsiogianni M, Panagiotidis MI, Dellaire G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP. DNA-dependent protein kinase: Epigenetic alterations and the role in genomic stability of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 780:92-105. [PMID: 31395353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a member of phosphatidylinositol-kinase family, is a key protein in mammalian DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair that helps to maintain genomic integrity. DNA-PK also plays a central role in immune cell development and protects telomerase during cellular aging. Epigenetic deregulation due to endogenous and exogenous factors may affect the normal function of DNA-PK, which in turn could impair DNA repair and contribute to genomic instability. Recent studies implicate a role for epigenetics in the regulation of DNA-PK expression in normal and cancer cells, which may impact cancer progression and metastasis as well as provide opportunities for treatment and use of DNA-PK as a novel cancer biomarker. In addition, several small molecules and biological agents have been recently identified that can inhibit DNA-PK function or expression, and thus hold promise for cancer treatments. This review discusses the impact of epigenetic alterations and the expression of DNA-PK in relation to the DNA repair mechanisms with a focus on its differential levels in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vazhappilly Cijo George
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shabbir Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Varsha Menon
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute and College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Theodora Mantso
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mihalis I Panagiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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19
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Bi X, Zhang G, Wang X, Nguyen C, May HI, Li X, Al-Hashimi AA, Austin RC, Gillette TG, Fu G, Wang ZV, Hill JA. Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP78 Protects Heart From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Akt Activation. Circ Res 2018; 122:1545-1554. [PMID: 29669712 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Restoration of coronary artery blood flow is the most effective means of ameliorating myocardial damage triggered by ischemic heart disease. However, coronary reperfusion elicits an increment of additional injury to the myocardium. Accumulating evidence indicates that the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cardiomyocytes is activated by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Xbp1s (spliced X-box binding protein 1), the most highly conserved branch of the unfolded protein response, is protective in response to cardiac I/R injury. GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), a master regulator of the UPR and an Xbp1s target, is upregulated after I/R. However, its role in the protective response of Xbp1s during I/R remains largely undefined. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of GRP78 in the cardiomyocyte response to I/R using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS Simulated I/R injury to cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes induced apoptotic cell death and strong activation of the UPR and GRP78. Overexpression of GRP78 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes significantly protected myocytes from I/R-induced cell death. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GRP78 ameliorated I/R damage to the heart in vivo. Exploration of underlying mechanisms revealed that GRP78 mitigates cellular damage by suppressing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. We go on to show that the GRP78-mediated cytoprotective response involves plasma membrane translocation of GRP78 and interaction with PI3 kinase, culminating in stimulation of Akt. This response is required as inhibition of the Akt pathway significantly blunted the antioxidant activity and cardioprotective effects of GRP78. CONCLUSIONS I/R induction of GRP78 in cardiomyocytes stimulates Akt signaling and protects against oxidative stress, which together protect cells from I/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukun Bi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.B., X.L., G.F.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.)
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.).,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China (G.Z.)
| | - Xiaoding Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.).,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China (X.W.)
| | - Chau Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.)
| | - Herman I May
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.B., X.L., G.F.)
| | - Ali A Al-Hashimi
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University and the Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.A.A.-H., R.C.A.)
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University and the Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.A.A.-H., R.C.A.)
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.)
| | - Guosheng Fu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.B., X.L., G.F.)
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (X.B., G.Z., X.W., C.N., H.I.M., T.G.G., Z.V.W., J.A.H.).,Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H.)
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20
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Fan DX, Yang XH, Li YN, Guo L. 17β-Estradiol on the Expression of G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER/GPR30) Mitophagy, and the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in ATDC5 Chondrocytes In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1936-1947. [PMID: 29608013 PMCID: PMC5898603 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a progressive inflammatory joint disease resulting in damage to articular cartilage. G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) activates cell signaling in response to 17β-estradiol, which can be blocked by the GPR30 agonist, G15, an analog of G-1. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol on the expression of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) on mitophagy and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in ATDC5 chondrocytes in vitro. Material/Methods Cultured ATDC5 chondrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of 17β-estradiol with and without G15, p38 inhibitor (SB203580), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), PI3K inhibitor (LY294002, S1737), and mTOR inhibitor (S1842). Expression of GPER/GPR30 and components of the PI3K/Akt pathway in cultured ATDC5 chondrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) staining, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and IF were used to detect mitophagosomes. Expression of LC-3, LAMP2, TOM20, Hsp60, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p38, and p-JNK was investigated by Western blot. Proliferation and viability of the ATDC5 chondrocytes were determined using BrdU and MTT assays. Results In 17β-estradiol-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes, increased expression of GPER/GPR30 was found, but fewer mitophagosomes were observed, and decreased numbers of TOM20-positive granules were co-localized with decreased LAMP2 and increased expression levels of TOM20, Hsp60, p-Akt, and p-mTOR, and reduced expression of LC3-II, were found. In 17β-estradiol-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes, the proliferation and viability of the 17β-estradiol-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes were significantly elevated. Conclusions Treatment with 17β-estradiol protected ATDC5 chondrocytes against mitophagy via the GPER/GPR30 and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xiao Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, , China (mainland)
| | - Xu-Hao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Li JY, Liu CP, Shiao WC, Jayakumar T, Li YS, Chang NC, Huang SY, Hsieh CY. Inhibitory effect of PDGF-BB and serum-stimulated responses in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by hinokitiol via up-regulation of p21 and p53. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:579-587. [PMID: 29765446 PMCID: PMC5949921 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.75085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays a major role in the progression of vascular diseases. In the present study, we established the efficacy and the mechanisms of action of hinokitiol, a tropolone derivative found in Chamaecyparis taiwanensis, Cupressaceae, in relation to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and serum-dependent VSMC proliferation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary cultured rat VSMCs were pre-treated with hinokitiol and then stimulated by PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml) or serum (10% fetal bovine serum). Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and lactose dehydrogenase assay, respectively. The degree of DNA synthesis was evaluated by BrdU-incorporation measurements and observed using confocal microscopy. Immunoblotting was utilized to determine the protein level of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p-Akt, p-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), p-p53, and p21Cip1. The promoter activity of p21 and p53 activity were measured by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Treatment with hinokitiol (1-10 μM) inhibited PDGF-BB and serum-induced VSMC proliferation and DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity was not observed in hinokitiol-treated VSMCs at the studied concentrations. Pre-incubation of VSMCs with hinokitiol did not alter PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, PI3K or JAK2. Interestingly, hinokitiol induced promoter activity of p21 and p21 protein expression in VSMCs. Furthermore, hinokitiol augmented p53 protein phosphorylation and subsequently led to enhanced p53 activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of hinokitiol in VSMCs may be mediated by activation of p21 and p53 signaling pathways, and it may contribute to the prevention of vascular diseases associated with VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Shiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Chang CH, Liu WT, Hung HC, Gean CY, Tsai HM, Su CL, Gean PW. Synergistic inhibition of tumor growth by combination treatment with drugs against different subpopulations of glioblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:905. [PMID: 29284440 PMCID: PMC5747127 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumor recurrence and drug resistance. This study characterizes the tumorigenesis of CD133+ cells and their sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition. Methods GSCs from human U87 and rat C6 glioblastoma cell lines were isolated via magnetic cell sorting using CD133 as a cancer stem cell marker. Cell proliferation was determined using the WST-1 assay. An intracranial mouse model and bioluminescence imaging were used to assess the effects of drugs on tumor growth in vivo. Results CD133+ cells expressed stem cell markers and exhibited self-renewal and enhanced tumor formation. Minocycline (Mino) was more effective in reducing the survival rate of CD133+ cells, whereas CD133− cells were more sensitive to inhibition by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor. Inhibition of STAT3 decreased the expression of CD133+ stem cell markers. The combination of Mino and STAT3 inhibitor synergistically reduced the cell viability of glioma cells. Furthermore, this combination synergistically suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion The results suggest that concurrent targeting of different subpopulations of glioblastoma cells may be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Hung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Gean
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ming Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wu Gean
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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23
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Klisch TJ, Vainshtein A, Patel AJ, Zoghbi HY. Jak2-mediated phosphorylation of Atoh1 is critical for medulloblastoma growth. eLife 2017; 6:31181. [PMID: 29168692 PMCID: PMC5736349 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, remains limited to surgical resection, radiation, and traditional chemotherapy; with long-term survival as low as 50–60% for Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-type medulloblastoma. We have shown that the transcription factor Atonal homologue 1 (Atoh1) is required for Shh-type medulloblastoma development in mice. To determine whether reducing either Atoh1 levels or activity in tumors after their development is beneficial, we studied Atoh1 dosage and modifications in Shh-type medulloblastoma. Heterozygosity of Atoh1 reduced tumor occurrence and prolonged survival. We discovered tyrosine 78 of Atoh1 is phosphorylated by a Jak2-mediated pathway only in tumor-initiating cells and in human SHH-type medulloblastoma. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 78 stabilizes Atoh1, increases Atoh1’s transcriptional activity, and is independent of canonical Jak2 signaling. Importantly, inhibition of Jak2 impairs tyrosine 78 phosphorylation and tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, inhibiting Jak2-mediated tyrosine 78 phosphorylation could provide a viable therapy for medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma is the most common solid brain tumor that develops in children, with more than five hundred new cases diagnosed in the United States every year. There are four broad types of medulloblastoma. One of these is called the “Sonic Hedgehog” subtype, named after the biological pathway that becomes re-activated in these tumors. Only about half of patients with this subtype survive for more than 10 years. Moreover, medulloblastoma treatment combines surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, which can cause severe side effects including psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment. Several drugs that treat medulloblastoma by targeting the Sonic Hedgehog pathway are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, these drugs are usually only effective for a limited time before the tumor evades the treatment. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment options for medulloblastoma, perhaps by targeting different signaling pathways in the cells. A protein called Atoh1 is needed for proper brain development in humans, but is not normally present after the first year of life. This protein is, however, re-expressed at high levels in medulloblastoma in mice and humans and is essential for Sonic Hedgehog-type medulloblastoma to form in mice. Klisch et al. used genetic techniques to reduce the amount of Atoh1 in mice that develop medulloblastoma. This intervention reduced the number of mice that developled tumors and increased their lifespan. Biochemical experiments showed that the tumor stem cells of the mice contain a modified version of Atoh1 where a phosphate molecule is bound to a particular region of the protein. This phosphorylation increased the amount and activity of Atoh1 in the cell, and so caused tumors to grow more quickly in mice. Phosphorylated Atoh1 was also detected in samples taken from human medulloblastoma tumors. Klisch et al. also found that an enzyme called Jak2 phosphorylates Atoh1. Inhibiting Jak2 reduced the levels of Atoh1 in medulloblastoma cells and slowed tumor growth in mice. Future work could investigate different ways of preventing Atoh1 phosphorylation, with the hope of finding new treatments for Sonic-Hedgehog-type medulloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo J Klisch
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Anna Vainshtein
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Akash J Patel
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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24
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Xie C, Chen X, Zheng M, Liu X, Wang H, Lou L. Pharmacologic characterization of SHR8443, a novel dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107977-107990. [PMID: 29296217 PMCID: PMC5746119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway occurs frequently in human cancer and contributes to resistance to antitumor therapy. Inhibition of key signaling proteins in this pathway therefore represents an attractive targeting strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we show that SHR8443, an imidazo [4,5-c] quinoline derivative, inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and PI3K, especially PI3Kα/δ/γ isoforms with picomolar potency, by binding to the ATP subunits of the respective enzymes. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by SHR8443 induced G1 phase arrest, autophagy and apoptosis, and resulted in broad anti-proliferative activity against a panel of cancer cells with different genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, SHR8443 overcame resistance to RAF/MEK inhibitors and exhibited synergistic antitumor activity in combination with RAF/MEK inhibitors in vitro. Compared with the well-known PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235, SHR8443 showed broader and stronger efficacy against carcinoma xenografts, including those resistant to anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab, in association with the inhibition of AKT and S6 phosphorylation in tumor tissues, and also caused no noticeable toxicity. Thus, our preclinical data show that SHR8443 is a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with pharmaceutical properties favorable for use as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangling Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liguang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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25
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Yam C, Xu X, Davies MA, Gimotty PA, Morrissette JJD, Tetzlaff MT, Wani KM, Liu S, Deng W, Buckley M, Zhao J, Amaravadi RK, Haas NB, Kudchadkar RR, Pavlick AC, Sosman JA, Tawbi H, Walker L, Schuchter LM, Karakousis GC, Gangadhar TC. A Multicenter Phase I Study Evaluating Dual PI3K and BRAF Inhibition with PX-866 and Vemurafenib in Patients with Advanced BRAF V600-Mutant Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:22-32. [PMID: 29051322 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the safety of daily oral PX-866 in combination with twice daily vemurafenib and to identify potential predictive biomarkers for this novel combination.Experimental Design: We conducted a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced BRAF V600-mutant solid tumors. PX-866 was administered on a continuous schedule in combination with vemurafenib. Patients underwent a baseline and on-treatment biopsy after 1-week of PX-866 monotherapy for biomarker assessment.Results: Twenty-four patients were enrolled. The most common treatment-related adverse events were gastrointestinal side effects. One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of grade 3 rash and one DLT of grade 3 pancreatitis were observed in cohort 2 (PX-866 6 mg daily; vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily) and cohort 3 (PX-866 8 mg daily; vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily), respectively. Of 23 response-evaluable patients, seven had confirmed partial responses (PR), 10 had stable disease, and six had disease progression. Decreases in intratumoral pAKT expression were observed following treatment with PX-866. Patients who achieved PRs had higher rates of PTEN loss by IHC (80% vs. 58%) and pathogenic PTEN mutations and/or deletions (57% vs. 25%). Two patients with durable PRs had an increase in intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration following treatment with PX-866.Conclusions: PX-866 was well tolerated at its maximum tolerated single-agent dose when given in combination with a modified dose of vemurafenib (720 mg twice daily). Response to treatment appeared to be associated with PTEN loss and treatment with PX-866 seemed to increase CD8+ T-cell infiltration in some patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 22-32. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Yam
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Davies
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer J D Morrissette
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Khalida M Wani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shujing Liu
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wanleng Deng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meghan Buckley
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Naomi B Haas
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Hussein Tawbi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Luke Walker
- Cascadian Therapeutics (formerly Oncothyreon) Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara C Gangadhar
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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26
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García-Morales V, Luaces-Regueira M, Campos-Toimil M. The cAMP effectors PKA and Epac activate endothelial NO synthase through PI3K/Akt pathway in human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 145:94-101. [PMID: 28912066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) exerts an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant action by stimulating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity, and the subsequent NO release, through cAMP protein kinase (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) activation in endothelial cells. Here, we have investigated the mechanism by which the cAMP-Epac/PKA pathway activates eNOS. cAMP-elevating agents (forskolin and dibutyryl-cAMP) and the joint activation of PKA (6-Bnz-cAMP) and Epac (8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP) increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) in ≤30% of fura-2-loaded isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). However, these drugs did not modify [Ca2+]c in fluo-4-loaded HUVEC monolayers. In DAF-2-loaded HUVEC monolayers, forskolin, PKA and Epac activators significantly increased NO release, and the forskolin effect was reduced by inhibition of PKA (Rp-cAMPs), Epac (ESI-09), eNOS (L-NAME) or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; LY-294,002). On the other hand, inhibition of CaMKII (KN-93), AMPK (Compound C), or total absence of Ca2+, was without effect. In Western blot experiments, Serine 1177 phosphorylated-eNOS was significantly increased in HUVEC by cAMP-elevating agents and PKA or Epac activators. In isolated rat aortic rings LY-294,002, but not KN-93 or Compound C, significantly reduced the vasorelaxant effects of forskolin in the presence of endothelium. Our results suggest that Epac and PKA activate eNOS via Ser 1177 phosphorylation by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and independently of AMPK or CaMKII activation or [Ca2+]c increase. This action explains, in part, the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García-Morales
- Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Luaces-Regueira
- Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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27
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Zhu Z, Wang Y, Ge D, Lu M, Liu W, Xiong J, Hu G, Li X, Yang J. Downregulation of DEC1 contributes to the neurotoxicity induced by MPP + by suppressing PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:736-747. [PMID: 28734031 PMCID: PMC6492752 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1) is involved in the neuronal differentiation and development. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of DEC1 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPP+ )-induced PD model. METHODS The location of DEC1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons were detected by immunofluorescence. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse subacute model of PD was established to evaluate the change of DEC1 expression in midbrain. Then, SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate the role of DEC1 in MPP+ -induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS We showed that the co-expressed DEC1 and TH neurons took up more than 80% of the expressed TH neurons in the midbrain of mice. DEC1/TH double-positive neurons decreased by 40.6% in SNpc and 28.8% in VTA of MPTP-injured mice. Consistently, DEC1, TH and dopamine transporter (DAT) expression decreased in the midbrain of MPTP mice. In SY-SY5Y cells, MPP+ significantly suppressed DEC1 expression and increased the cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2. DEC1 overexpression relieved, whereas DEC1 knockdown aggravated MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity. Likewise, DEC1 overexpression and knockdown inversely regulated the expression of β-catenin and PI3Kp110α (PIK3CA), an essential role in Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Interestingly, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, aggravated, whereas LiCl, an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, abolished the reduction in DEC1 by MPP+ . It is established that these two pathways are interconnected by the phosphorylation status of GSK3β. DEC1 overexpression increased but MPP+ and DEC1 knockdown decreased GSK3β phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Downregulation of DEC1 contributes to MPP+ -induced neurotoxicity by suppressing PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu‐Wen Wang
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ding‐Hao Ge
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao‐Ping Li
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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28
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Ihmaid S, Ahmed HE, Al-Sheikh Ali A, Sherif YE, Tarazi HM, Riyadh SM, Zayed MF, Abulkhair HS, Rateb HS. Rational design, synthesis, pharmacophore modeling, and docking studies for identification of novel potent DNA-PK inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:234-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Lin JW, Li X, Qiu ML, Luo RG, Lin JB, Liu B. PI3K Overexpression andPIK3CAMutations Are Associated with Age, Tumor Staging, and Other Clinical Characteristics in Chinese Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:236-241. [PMID: 28384037 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-wei Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-lian Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong-gang Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-bo Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Millar FR, Janes SM, Giangreco A. Epithelial cell migration as a potential therapeutic target in early lung cancer. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/143/160069. [PMID: 28143875 PMCID: PMC9489048 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0069-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer type worldwide, with the majority of patients presenting with advanced stage disease. Targeting early stage disease pathogenesis would allow dramatic improvements in lung cancer patient survival. Recently, cell migration has been shown to be an integral process in early lung cancer ontogeny, with preinvasive lung cancer cells shown to migrate across normal epithelium prior to developing into invasive disease. TP53 mutations are the most abundant mutations in human nonsmall cell lung cancers and have been shown to increase cell migration via regulation of Rho-GTPase protein activity. In this review, we explore the possibility of targeting TP53-mediated Rho-GTPase activity in early lung cancer and the opportunities for translating this preclinical research into effective therapies for early stage lung cancer patients. Preinvasive lung cancer cell migration is a potential novel therapeutic target in early lung cancerhttp://ow.ly/FJGm305JxMQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser R Millar
- Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Dept of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Dept of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adam Giangreco
- Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Interference with Protease-activated Receptor 1 Alleviates Neuronal Cell Death Induced by Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglial Cells through the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38247. [PMID: 27910893 PMCID: PMC5133627 DOI: 10.1038/srep38247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive microglial cells activation in response to inflammatory stimuli leads to synaptic loss, dysfunction, and neuronal cell death. Activated microglia are involved in the pathogenesis of neurological conditions and frequently contribute to several complications. Accumulating evidence suggests that signaling through PAR-1 is involved in inflammation, however, its function has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we have demonstrated that the suppression of PAR-1 leads to down-regulation of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NO, as well as the prevention of activation of NF-κB in BV2 cells. In addition, we found that a PAR-1 antagonist, SCH, prevented LPS-induced excessive microglial activation in a dose-dependent manner. As a result of SCH treatment, neuronal cell death via up-regulation of Akt-mediated pathways was reduced. Our results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of SCH are linked to its ability to block an inflammatory response. Further, we found that SCH inhibited the death of PC12 neurons from the cytotoxicity of activated BV2 cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. These neuro-protective effects appear to be related to inhibition of PAR-1, and represents a novel neuroprotective strategy that could has potential for use in therapeutic interventions of neuroinflammatory disease.
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Haagensen EJ, Thomas HD, Schmalix WA, Payne AC, Kevorkian L, Allen RA, Bevan P, Maxwell RJ, Newell DR. Enhanced anti-tumour activity of the combination of the novel MEK inhibitor WX-554 and the novel PI3K inhibitor WX-037. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1269-1281. [PMID: 27837257 PMCID: PMC5114336 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumours frequently have defects in multiple oncogenic pathways, e.g. MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways, and combinations of targeted therapies may be required for optimal activity. This study evaluated the novel MEK inhibitor WX-554 and the novel PI3K inhibitor WX-037, as single agents and in combination, in colorectal carcinoma cell lines and tumour xenograft-bearing mice. METHODS In vitro growth inhibition, survival and signal transduction were measured using the Sulforhodamine B, clonogenic and Western blotting assays, respectively, in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. In vivo anti-tumour efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties were assessed in HCT116 and HT29 human colorectal cancer xenograft tumour-bearing mice. RESULTS The combination of WX-554 and WX-037 exhibited marked synergistic growth inhibition in vitro, which was associated with increased cytotoxicity and enhanced inhibition of ERK and S6 phosphorylation, compared to either agent alone. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that there was no PK interaction between the two drugs at low doses, but that at higher doses, WX-037 may delay the tumour uptake of WX-554. In vivo efficacy studies revealed that the combination of WX-037 and WX-554 was non-toxic and exhibited marked tumour growth inhibition greater than observed with either agent alone. CONCLUSION These studies show for the first time that combination treatment with the novel MEK inhibitor WX-554 and the novel PI3K inhibitor WX-037 can induce synergistic growth inhibition in vitro, which translates into enhanced anti-tumour efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Haagensen
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Huw D Thomas
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Bevan
- Wilex AG, Grillparzerstrasse 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ross J Maxwell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Gilbert DF, Stebbing MJ, Kuenzel K, Murphy RM, Zacharewicz E, Buttgereit A, Stokes L, Adams DJ, Friedrich O. Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry (SOCE) and Purinergic Receptor-Mediated Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Murine bv2 Microglia Cells: Early Cellular Responses to ATP-Mediated Microglia Activation. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:111. [PMID: 27840602 PMCID: PMC5083710 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation is a neuroinflammatory response to parenchymal damage with release of intracellular metabolites, e.g., purines, and signaling molecules from damaged cells. Extracellular purines can elicit Ca2+-mediated microglia activation involving P2X/P2Y receptors with metabotropic (P2Y) and ionotropic (P2X) cell signaling in target cells. Such microglia activation results in increased phagocytic activity, activation of their inflammasome and release of cytokines to sustain neuroinflammatory (so-called M1/M2 polarization). ATP-induced activation of ionotropic P2X4 and P2X7 receptors differentially induces receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE). Although store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was identified to modulate ROCE in primary microglia, its existence and role in one of the most common murine microglia cell line, BV2, is unknown. To dissect SOCE from ROCE in BV2 cells, we applied high-resolution multiphoton Ca2+ imaging. After depleting internal Ca2+ stores, SOCE was clearly detectable. High ATP concentrations (1 mM) elicited sustained increases in intracellular [Ca2+]i whereas lower concentrations (≤100 μM) also induced Ca2+ oscillations. These differential responses were assigned to P2X7 and P2X4 activation, respectively. Pharmacologically inhibiting P2Y and P2X responses did not affect SOCE, and in fact, P2Y-responses were barely detectable in BV2 cells. STIM1S content was significantly upregulated by 1 mM ATP. As P2X-mediated Ca2+ oscillations were rare events in single cells, we implemented a high-content screening approach that allows to record Ca2+ signal patterns from a large number of individual cells at lower optical resolution. Using automated classifier analysis, several drugs (minocycline, U73122, U73343, wortmannin, LY294002, AZ10606120) were tested on their profile to act on Ca2+ oscillations (P2X4) and sustained [Ca2+]i increases. We demonstrate specific drug effects on purinergic Ca2+ pathways and provide new pharmacological insights into Ca2+ oscillations in BV2 cells. For example, minocycline inhibits both P2X7- and P2X4-mediated Ca2+-responses, and this may explain its anti-inflammatory action in neuroinflammatory disease. As a technical result, our novel automated bio-screening approach provides a biomedical engineering platform to allow high-content drug library screens to study neuro-inflammation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Gilbert
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Martin J Stebbing
- Health Innovations Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Katharina Kuenzel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Buttgereit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leanne Stokes
- Health Innovations Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Health Innovations Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany; Health Innovations Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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Pharmacological opportunities to control inflammatory diseases through inhibition of the leukocyte recruitment. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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RAB7 counteracts PI3K-driven macropinocytosis activated at early stages of melanoma development. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11848-62. [PMID: 26008978 PMCID: PMC4494909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Derailed endolysosomal trafficking is emerging as a widespread feature of aggressive neoplasms. However, the oncogenic signals that alter membrane homeostasis and their specific contribution to cancer progression remain unclear. Understanding the upstream drivers and downstream regulators of aberrant vesicular trafficking is distinctly important in melanoma. This disease is notorious for its inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Nevertheless, melanomas uniformly overexpress a cluster of endolysosomal genes, being particularly addicted to the membrane traffic regulator RAB7. Still, the underlying mechanisms and temporal determinants of this dependency have yet to be defined. Here we addressed these questions by combining electron microscopy, real time imaging and mechanistic analyses of vesicular trafficking in normal and malignant human melanocytic cells. This strategy revealed Class I PI3K as the key trigger of a hyperactive influx of macropinosomes that melanoma cells counteract via RAB7-mediated lysosomal degradation. In addition, gain- and loss-of-function in vitro studies followed by histopathological validation in clinical biopsies and genetically-engineered mouse models, traced back the requirement of RAB7 to the suppression of premature cellular senescence traits elicited in melanocytes by PI3K-inducing oncogenes. Together, these results provide new insight into the regulators and modes of action of RAB7, broadening the impact of endosomal fitness on melanoma development.
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Rapid Identification of Potential Drugs for Diabetic Nephropathy Using Whole-Genome Expression Profiles of Glomeruli. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1634730. [PMID: 27069916 PMCID: PMC4812204 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1634730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate potential drugs for diabetic nephropathy (DN) using whole-genome expression profiles and the Connectivity Map (CMAP). Methodology. Eighteen Chinese Han DN patients and six normal controls were included in this study. Whole-genome expression profiles of microdissected glomeruli were measured using the Affymetrix human U133 plus 2.0 chip. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between late stage and early stage DN samples and the CMAP database were used to identify potential drugs for DN using bioinformatics methods. Results. (1) A total of 1065 DEGs (FDR < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5) were found in late stage DN patients compared with early stage DN patients. (2) Piperlongumine, 15d-PGJ2 (15-delta prostaglandin J2), vorinostat, and trichostatin A were predicted to be the most promising potential drugs for DN, acting as NF-κB inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), PI3K pathway inhibitors, or PPARγ agonists, respectively. Conclusion. Using whole-genome expression profiles and the CMAP database, we rapidly predicted potential DN drugs, and therapeutic potential was confirmed by previously published studies. Animal experiments and clinical trials are needed to confirm both the safety and efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of DN.
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Bommarito D, Martin A, Forcade E, Nastke MD, Ritz J, Bellucci R. Enhancement of tumor cell susceptibility to natural killer cell activity through inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:355-66. [PMID: 26883876 PMCID: PMC4862590 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the primary effectors of the innate immune response against virus-infected cells or cells that have undergone malignant transformation. NK cells recognize their targets through a complex array of activating and inhibitory receptors, which regulate the intensity of the effector response against individual target cells. However, many studies have shown that tumor cells can escape immune cell recognition through a variety of mechanisms, developing resistance to NK cell killing. Using a lentiviral shRNA library, we previously demonstrated that several common signaling pathways modulate susceptibility of tumor cells to NK cell activity. In this study, we focused on one of the genes (PI3KCB), identified in this genetic screen. The PI3KCB gene encodes an isoform of the catalytic subunit of PI3K called P110β. The PI3K pathway has been linked to diverse cellular functions, but has never been associated with susceptibility to NK cell activity. Gene silencing of PI3KCB resulted in increased susceptibility of several tumor cell lines to NK cell lytic activity and induced increased IFN-γ secretion by NK cells. Treatment of primary tumor cells with two different PI3K inhibitors also increased target cell susceptibility to NK cell activity. These effects are due, at least in part, to modulation of several activating and inhibitory ligands and appear to be correlated with PI3K signaling pathway inhibition. These findings identify a new and important role of PI3KCB in modulating tumor cell susceptibility to NK cells and open the way to future combined target immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bommarito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, M526, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Allison Martin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, M526, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Edouard Forcade
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, M526, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria-Dorothea Nastke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, M526, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, M526, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, M530, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roberto Bellucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, M526, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Haagensen EJ, Thomas HD, Mudd C, Tsonou E, Wiggins CM, Maxwell RJ, Moore JD, Newell DR. Pre-clinical use of isogenic cell lines and tumours in vitro and in vivo for predictive biomarker discovery; impact of KRAS and PI3KCA mutation status on MEK inhibitor activity is model dependent. Eur J Cancer 2016; 56:69-76. [PMID: 26820797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies to identify predictive biomarkers can be carried out in isogenic cancer cell lines, which enable interrogation of the effect of a specific mutation. We assessed the effects of four drugs, the PI3K-mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor dactolisib, the PI3K inhibitor pictrelisib, and the MEK (MAPK/ERK Kinase) inhibitors PD 0325901 and selumetinib, in isogenic DLD1 parental, KRAS(+/-), KRAS(G13D/-), PIK3CA(+/-) and PIK3CA(E545K/-) colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Importantly, we found substantial differences in the growth of these cells and in their drug sensitivity depending on whether they were studied under 2D (standard tissue culture on plastic) or 3D (in vitro soft agar and in vivo xenograft) conditions. DLD1 KRAS(+/-) and DLD1 PIK3CA(+/-) cells were more sensitive to MEK inhibitors than parental, DLD1 KRAS(G13D/-) and DLD1 PIK3CA(E545K/-) cells under 2D conditions, whereas DLD1 KRAS(G13D/-) and DLD1 PIK3CA(E545K/-) xenografts were sensitive to 10 mg/kg daily ×14 PD 0325901 in vivo (p ≤ 0.02) but tumours derived from parental DLD1 cells were not. These findings indicate that KRAS and PIK3CA mutations can influence the response of DLD1 colorectal cancer cell lines to MEK and PI3K inhibitors, but that the effect is dependent on the experimental model used to assess drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Haagensen
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Huw D Thomas
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Clare Mudd
- Horizon Discovery, 7100 Cambridge Research Park, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Elpida Tsonou
- Horizon Discovery, 7100 Cambridge Research Park, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Ceri M Wiggins
- Horizon Discovery, 7100 Cambridge Research Park, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Ross J Maxwell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jonathan D Moore
- Horizon Discovery, 7100 Cambridge Research Park, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Giordano A, Romano S, D'Angelillo A, Corcione N, Messina S, Avellino R, Biondi-Zoccai G, Ferraro P, Romano MF. Tirofiban counteracts endothelial cell apoptosis through the VEGF/VEGFR2/pAkt axis. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 80:67-74. [PMID: 26699078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tirofiban is used in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We have, previously, shown that tirofiban stimulates VEGF expression and promotes proliferation of endothelial cells. VEGF is a well known inhibitor of endothelial cell apoptosis. TNF-α is a pro-apoptotic cytokine released in the site of a vascular injury, including balloon angioplasty. We thought to investigate whether tirofiban was able to protect endothelial cells from cell death induced by TNF-α. For this study, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Analysis of apoptosis was performed by propidium iodide incorporation, annexin V staining and measure of active caspase 3 levels. Western blot served for a semiquantitative measure of Akt activation, VEGF, and the pro-apoptotic Bim and Bak. Our results show that TNF-α was unable to activate caspase 3 and produce cell death in the presence of tirofiban. Activation of apoptosis was preceded by upregulation of Bim and Bak that resulted decreased after addition of tirofiban. The anti-apoptosis effect of tirofiban was reproduced by VEGF and counteracted by VEGFR2 blockade and the cation chelating agent ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA). The use of p-Akt inhibitor, BEZ235,and Akt knockdown, suggested that pAkt mediated the prosurvival effect of tirofiban. In conclusion, tirofiban protects endothelial cells from apoptosis stimulated by TNF-α, due to its ability to stimulate VEGF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Giordano
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castelvolturno, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Corcione
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castelvolturno, Italy
| | - Stefano Messina
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castelvolturno, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferraro
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castelvolturno, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Duong MN, Matera EL, Mathé D, Evesque A, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Clémenceau B, Dumontet C. Effect of kinase inhibitors on the therapeutic properties of monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2015; 7:192-8. [PMID: 25523586 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2015.989020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies of malignancies currently consist of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and small molecule kinase inhibitors. The combination of these novel agents raises the issue of potential antagonisms. We evaluated the potential effect of 4 kinase inhibitors, including the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, and 3 PI3K inhibitors idelalisib, NVP-BEZ235 and LY294002, on the effects of the 3 monoclonal antibodies, rituximab and obinutuzumab (directed against CD20) and trastuzumab (directed against HER2). We found that ibrutinib potently inhibits antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity exerted by all antibodies, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.2 microM for trastuzumab, 0.5 microM for rituximab and 2 microM for obinutuzumab, suggesting a lesser effect in combination with obinutuzumab than with rituximab. The 4 kinase inhibitors were found to inhibit phagocytosis by fresh human neutrophils, as well as antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis induced by the 3 antibodies. Conversely co-administration of ibrutinib with rituximab, obinutuzumab or trastuzumab did not demonstrate any inhibitory effect of ibrutinib in vivo in murine xenograft models. In conclusion, some kinase inhibitors, in particular, ibrutinib, are likely to exert inhibitory effects on innate immune cells. However, these effects do not compromise the antitumor activity of monoclonal antibodies in vivo in the models that were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ngoc Duong
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL); INSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286 ; Lyon , France
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Lanzerstorfer P, Stadlbauer V, Chtcheglova LA, Haselgrübler R, Borgmann D, Wruss J, Hinterdorfer P, Schröder K, Winkler SM, Höglinger O, Weghuber J. Identification of novel insulin mimetic drugs by quantitative total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5237-51. [PMID: 25039620 PMCID: PMC4262000 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose in target tissues by triggering the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. Resistance to insulin, the major abnormality in type 2 diabetes, results in a decreased GLUT4 translocation efficiency. Thus, special attention is being paid to search for compounds that are able to enhance this translocation process in the absence of insulin. Experimental Approach Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy was applied to quantify GLUT4 translocation in highly insulin-sensitive CHO-K1 cells expressing a GLUT4-myc-GFP fusion protein. Key Results Using our approach, we demonstrated GLUT4 translocation modulatory properties of selected substances and identified novel potential insulin mimetics. An increase in the TIRF signal was found to correlate with an elevated glucose uptake. Variations in the expression level of the human insulin receptor (hInsR) showed that the insulin mimetics identified stimulate GLUT4 translocation by a mechanism that is independent of the presence of the hInsR. Conclusions and Implications Taken together, the results indicate that TIRF microscopy is an excellent tool for the quantification of GLUT4 translocation and for identifying insulin mimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lanzerstorfer
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
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Stamatkin C, Ratermann KL, Overley CW, Black EP. Inhibition of class IA PI3K enzymes in non-small cell lung cancer cells uncovers functional compensation among isoforms. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1341-52. [PMID: 26176612 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to many human malignancies while normal cell proliferation requires pathway functionality. Although inhibitors of the PI3K pathway are in clinical trials or approved for therapy, an understanding of the functional activities of pathway members in specific malignancies is needed. In lung cancers, the PI3K pathway is often aberrantly activated by mutation of genes encoding EGFR, KRAS, and PIK3CA proteins. We sought to understand whether class IA PI3K enzymes represent rational therapeutic targets in cells of non-squamous lung cancers by exploring pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of PI3K enzymes in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line system. We found that class IA PI3K enzymes were expressed in all cell lines tested, but treatment of NSCLC lines with isoform-selective inhibitors (A66, TGX-221, CAL-101 and IC488743) had little effect on cell proliferation or prolonged inhibition of AKT activity. Inhibitory pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses were observed using these agents at non-isoform selective concentrations and with the pan-class I (ZSTK474) agent. Response to pharmacological inhibition suggested that PI3K isoforms may functionally compensate for one another thus limiting efficacy of single agent treatment. However, combination of ZSTK474 and an EGFR inhibitor (erlotinib) in NSCLC resistant to each single agent reduced cellular proliferation. These studies uncovered unanticipated cellular responses to PI3K isoform inhibition in NSCLC that does not correlate with PI3K mutations, suggesting that patients bearing tumors with wildtype EGFR and KRAS are unlikely to benefit from inhibitors of single isoforms but may respond to pan-isoform inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stamatkin
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
| | - Kelley L Ratermann
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
| | - Colleen W Overley
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
| | - Esther P Black
- a University of Kentucky; College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Lucille P Markey Cancer Center Lexington ; Lexington , KY USA
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Dual blockade of PI3K/AKT/mTOR (NVP-BEZ235) and Ras/Raf/MEK (AZD6244) pathways synergistically inhibit growth of primary endometrioid endometrial carcinoma cultures, whereas NVP-BEZ235 reduces tumor growth in the corresponding xenograft models. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:165-73. [PMID: 25933683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in the Western World. Treatment options are limited for advanced and recurrent disease. Therefore, new treatment options are necessary. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and/or the Ras/Raf/MEK pathways is suggested to be clinically relevant. However, the knowledge about the effect of combination targeted therapy in EC is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these therapies on primary endometrioid EC cell cultures in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Primary endometrioid EC cell cultures were incubated with Temsirolimus (mTORC1 inhibitor), NVP-BKM120 (pan-PI3K inhibitor), NVP-BEZ235 (pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor), or AZD6244 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) as single treatment. In vitro, the effect of NVP-BEZ235 with or without AZD6244 was determined for cell viability, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and cell signaling. In vivo, the effect of NVP-BEZ35 was investigated for 2 subcutaneous xenograft models of the corresponding primary cultures. RESULTS NVP-BEZ235 was the most potent PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor. NVP-BEZ235 and AZD6244 reduced cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, by reduction of p-AKT, p-S6, and p-ERK levels. Combination treatment showed a synergistic effect. In vivo, NVP-BEZ235 reduced tumor growth and inhibited p-S6 expression. The effects of the compounds were independent of the mutation profile of the cell cultures used. CONCLUSIONS A synergistic antitumor effect was shown for NVP-BEZ235 and AZD6244 in primary endometrioid EC cells in vitro. In addition, NVP-BEZ235 induced reduction of tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, targeted therapies seem an interesting strategy to further evaluate in clinical trials.
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AXL as a modulator of sunitinib response in glioblastoma cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:1-10. [PMID: 25637219 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) targeted therapy has been explored for glioblastoma treatment. However, it is unclear which RTK inhibitors are the most effective and there are no predictive biomarkers available. We recently identified the RTK AXL as a putative target for the pan-RTK inhibitors cediranib and sunitinib, which are under clinical trials for glioblastoma patients. Here, we provide evidence that AXL activity can modulate sunitinib response in glioblastoma cell lines. We found that AXL knockdown conferred lower sensitivity to sunitinib by rescuing migratory defects and inhibiting apoptosis in cells expressing high AXL basal levels. Accordingly, overactivation of AXL by its ligand GAS6 rendered AXL positive glioblastoma cells more sensitive to sunitinib. AXL knockdown induced a cellular rewiring of several growth signaling pathways through activation of RTKs, such as EGFR, as well as intracellular pathways such as MAPK and AKT. The combination of sunitinib with a specific AKT inhibitor reverted the resistance of AXL-silenced cells to sunitinib. Together, our results suggest that sunitinib inhibits AXL and AXL activation status modulates therapy response of glioblastoma cells to sunitinib. Moreover, it indicates that combining sunitinib therapy with AKT pathway inhibitors could overcome sunitinib resistance.
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Pitz MW, Eisenhauer EA, MacNeil MV, Thiessen B, Easaw JC, Macdonald DR, Eisenstat DD, Kakumanu AS, Salim M, Chalchal H, Squire J, Tsao MS, Kamel-Reid S, Banerji S, Tu D, Powers J, Hausman DF, Mason WP. Phase II study of PX-866 in recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1270-4. [PMID: 25605819 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. Increased activity of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) signal transduction pathway is common. We performed a phase II study using PX-866, an oral PI3K inhibitor, in participants with recurrent GBM. METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed GBM at first recurrence were given oral PX-866 at a dose of 8 mg daily. An MRI and clinical exam were done every 8 weeks. Tissue was analyzed for potential predictive markers. RESULTS Thirty-three participants (12 female) were enrolled. Median age was 56 years (range 35-78y). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0-1 in 29 participants and 2 in the remainder. Median number of cycles was 1 (range 1-8). All participants have discontinued therapy: 27 for disease progression and 6 for toxicity (5 liver enzymes and 1 allergic reaction). Four participants had treatment-related serious adverse events (1 liver enzyme, 1 diarrhea, 2 venous thromboembolism). Other adverse effects included fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and lymphopenia. Twenty-four participants had a response of progression (73%), 1 had partial response (3%, and 8 (24%) had stable disease (median, 6.3 months; range, 3.1-16.8 months). Median 6-month progression-free survival was 17%. None of the associations between stable disease and PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, or EGFRvIII status were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS PX-866 was relatively well tolerated. Overall response rate was low, and the study did not meet its primary endpoint; however, 21% of participants obtained durable stable disease. This study also failed to identify a statistically significant association between clinical outcome and relevant biomarkers in patients with available tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall W Pitz
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Elizabeth A Eisenhauer
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Mary V MacNeil
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Brian Thiessen
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Jacob C Easaw
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - David R Macdonald
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - David D Eisenstat
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Ankineedu S Kakumanu
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Muhammad Salim
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Haji Chalchal
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Jeremy Squire
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Ming Sound Tsao
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Suzanne Kamel-Reid
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Shantanu Banerji
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Dongsheng Tu
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Jean Powers
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Diana F Hausman
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
| | - Warren P Mason
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (M.W.P., S.B.); Queen's University, Department of Oncology, Kingston, Canada (E.A.E.); Dalhousie University,Halifax, Canada (M.V.M.); BritishColumbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (B.T.); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada (J.C.E.); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Canada (D.R.M.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.D.E.); Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada (A.S.K., M.S., H.C.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (J.S.); Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (M.S.T., S.K.-R.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (D.T., J.P.); Oncothyreon, Inc., Seattle, Washington (D.F.H.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (W.P.M.)
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Walker N, Kahamba T, Woudberg N, Goetsch K, Niesler C. Dose-dependent modulation of myogenesis by HGF: implications for c-Met expression and downstream signalling pathways. Growth Factors 2015; 33:229-41. [PMID: 26135603 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1058260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) regulates satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. We analyzed the dose-dependent effects of HGF on myogenesis. Murine C2C12 and human donor-derived skeletal muscle myoblasts were treated with 0, 2, or 10 ng/ml HGF followed by assessment of proliferation and differentiation. HGF (2 ng/ml) significantly promoted cell division, but reduced myogenic commitment and fusion. Conversely, 10 ng/ml HGF reduced proliferative capability, but increased differentiation. c-Met expression analysis revealed significantly decreased expression in differentiating cells cultured with 2 ng/ml HGF, but increased expression in proliferating cells with 10 ng/ml HGF. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs: ERK, JNK, or p38K) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition abrogated the HGF-stimulated increase in cell number. Interestingly, PI3K and p38 kinase facilitated the negative effect of HGF on proliferation, while ERK inhibition abrogated the HGF-mediated decrease in differentiation. Dose-dependent effects of HGF are mediated by changes in c-Met expression and downstream MAPK and PI3K signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Walker
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Trish Kahamba
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Nicholas Woudberg
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Kyle Goetsch
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Carola Niesler
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
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Cebulla J, Huuse EM, Pettersen K, van der Veen A, Kim E, Andersen S, Prestvik WS, Bofin AM, Pathak AP, Bjørkøy G, Bathen TF, Moestue SA. MRI reveals the in vivo cellular and vascular response to BEZ235 in ovarian cancer xenografts with different PI3-kinase pathway activity. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:504-13. [PMID: 25535727 PMCID: PMC4453650 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is an attractive therapeutic target. However, difficulty in predicting therapeutic response limits the clinical implementation of PI3K inhibitors. This study evaluates the utility of clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for noninvasively assessing the in vivo response to the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 in two ovarian cancer models with differential PI3K pathway activity. METHODS The PI3K signalling activity of TOV-21G and TOV-112D human ovarian cancer cells was investigated in vitro. Cellular and vascular response of the xenografts to BEZ235 treatment (65 mg kg(-1), 3 days) was assessed in vivo using diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Micro-computed tomography was performed to investigate changes in vascular morphology. RESULTS The TOV-21G cells showed higher PI3K signalling activity than TOV-112D cells in vitro and in vivo. Treated TOV-21G xenografts decreased in volume and DW-MRI revealed an increased water diffusivity that was not found in TOV-112D xenografts. Treatment-induced improvement in vascular functionality was detected with DCE-MRI in both models. Changes in vascular morphology were not found. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DW- and DCE-MRI can detect cellular and vascular response to PI3K/mTOR inhibition in vivo. However, only DW-MRI could discriminate between a strong and weak response to BEZ235.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cebulla
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - E M Huuse
- 1] Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway [2] Department of Medical Imaging, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - K Pettersen
- 1] Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway [2] Department of Technology, University College of Sør-Trøndelag, Trondheim 7006, Norway [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - A van der Veen
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - E Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - S Andersen
- 1] Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway [2] Department of Technology, University College of Sør-Trøndelag, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - W S Prestvik
- Department of Technology, University College of Sør-Trøndelag, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - A M Bofin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - A P Pathak
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - G Bjørkøy
- 1] Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway [2] Department of Technology, University College of Sør-Trøndelag, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - T F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - S A Moestue
- 1] Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway [2] Department of Medical Imaging, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim 7006, Norway
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Colen RR, Wang J, Singh SK, Gutman DA, Zinn PO. Glioblastoma: imaging genomic mapping reveals sex-specific oncogenic associations of cell death. Radiology 2014; 275:215-27. [PMID: 25490189 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14141800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the molecular profiles of cell death as defined by necrosis volumes at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and uncover sex-specific molecular signatures potentially driving oncogenesis and cell death in glioblastoma (GBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was HIPAA compliant and had institutional review board approval, with waiver of the need to obtain informed consent. The molecular profiles for 99 patients (30 female patients, 69 male patients) were identified from the Cancer Genome Atlas, and quantitative MR imaging data were obtained from the Cancer Imaging Archive. Volumes of necrosis at MR imaging were extracted. Differential gene expression profiles were obtained in those patients (including male and female patients separately) with high versus low MR imaging volumes of tumor necrosis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for messenger RNA-microRNA interaction analysis. A histopathologic data set (n = 368; 144 female patients, 224 male patients) was used to validate the MR imaging findings by assessing the amount of cell death. A connectivity map was used to identify therapeutic agents potentially targeting sex-specific cell death in GBM. RESULTS Female patients showed significantly lower volumes of necrosis at MR imaging than male patients (6821 vs 11 050 mm(3), P = .03). Female patients, unlike male patients, with high volumes of necrosis at imaging had significantly shorter survival (6.5 vs 14.5 months, P = .01). Transcription factor analysis suggested that cell death in female patients with GBM is associated with MYC, while that in male patients is associated with TP53 activity. Additionally, a group of therapeutic agents that can potentially be tested to target cell death in a sex-specific manner was identified. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that cell death in GBM may be driven by sex-specific molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka R Colen
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1482, Houston, TX 77030 (R.R.C., J.W., S.K.S., P.O.Z.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (D.A.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (P.O.Z.)
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Atkinson SP, Lako M, Armstrong L. Potential for pharmacological manipulation of human embryonic stem cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:269-89. [PMID: 22515554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is vast, allowing disease modelling, drug discovery and testing and perhaps most importantly regenerative therapies. However, problems abound; techniques for cultivating self-renewing hESCs tend to give a heterogeneous population of self-renewing and partially differentiated cells and general include animal-derived products that can be cost-prohibitive for large-scale production, and effective lineage-specific differentiation protocols also still remain relatively undefined and are inefficient at producing large amounts of cells for therapeutic use. Furthermore, the mechanisms and signalling pathways that mediate pluripotency and differentiation are still to be fully appreciated. However, over the recent years, the development/discovery of a range of effective small molecule inhibitors/activators has had a huge impact in hESC biology. Large-scale screening techniques, coupled with greater knowledge of the pathways involved, have generated pharmacological agents that can boost hESC pluripotency/self-renewal and survival and has greatly increased the efficiency of various differentiation protocols, while also aiding the delineation of several important signalling pathways. Within this review, we hope to describe the current uses of small molecule inhibitors/activators in hESC biology and their potential uses in the future.
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PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors enhance radiosensitivity in radioresistant prostate cancer cells through inducing apoptosis, reducing autophagy, suppressing NHEJ and HR repair pathways. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1437. [PMID: 25275598 PMCID: PMC4237243 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has a central role in cancer metastasis and radiotherapy. To develop effective therapeutics to improve radiosensitivity, understanding the possible pathways of radioresistance involved and the effects of a combination of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors with radiotherapy on prostate cancer (CaP) radioresistant cells is needed. We found that compared with parent CaP cells, CaP-radioresistant cells demonstrated G0/G1 and S phase arrest, activation of cell cycle check point, autophagy and DNA repair pathway proteins, and inactivation of apoptotic proteins. We also demonstrated that compared with combination of single PI3K or mTOR inhibitors (BKM120 or Rapamycin) and radiation, low-dose of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors (BEZ235 or PI103) combined with radiation greatly improved treatment efficacy by repressing colony formation, inducing more apoptosis, leading to the arrest of the G2/M phase, increased double-strand break levels and less inactivation of cell cycle check point, autophagy and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)/homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway proteins in CaP-radioresistant cells. This study describes the possible pathways associated with CaP radioresistance and demonstrates the putative mechanisms of the radiosensitization effect in CaP-resistant cells in the combination treatment. The findings from this study suggest that the combination of dual PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors (BEZ235 or PI103) with radiotherapy is a promising modality for the treatment of CaP to overcome radioresistance.
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