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Miller MJ, Akter D, Mahmud J, Chan GC. Human cytomegalovirus modulates mTORC1 to redirect mRNA translation within quiescently infected monocytes. J Virol 2024; 98:e0188823. [PMID: 38289104 PMCID: PMC10878035 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01888-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes peripheral blood monocytes as a means to systemically disseminate throughout the host. Following viral entry, HCMV stimulates non-canonical Akt signaling leading to the activation of mTORC1 and the subsequent translation of select antiapoptotic proteins within infected monocytes. However, the full extent to which the HCMV-initiated Akt/mTORC1 signaling axis reshapes the monocyte translatome is unclear. We found HCMV entry alone was able to stimulate widescale changes to mRNA translation levels and that inhibition of mTOR, a component of mTORC1, dramatically attenuated HCMV-induced protein synthesis. Although monocytes treated with normal myeloid growth factors also exhibited increased levels of translation, mTOR inhibition had no effect, suggesting HCMV activation of mTOR stimulates the acquisition of a unique translatome within infected monocytes. Indeed, polyribosomal profiling of HCMV-infected monocytes identified distinct prosurvival transcripts that were preferentially loaded with ribosomes when compared to growth factor-treated cells. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a deacetylase that exerts prosurvival effects through regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, was found to be highly enriched following HCMV infection in an mTOR-dependent manner. Importantly, SIRT1 inhibition led to the death of HCMV-infected monocytes while having minimal effect on uninfected cells. SIRT1 also supported a positive feedback loop to sustain Akt/mTORC1 signaling following viral entry. Taken together, HCMV profoundly reshapes mRNA translation in an mTOR-dependent manner to enhance the synthesis of select factors necessary for the survival of infected monocytes.IMPORTANCEHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among the immunonaïve and immunocompromised. Peripheral blood monocytes are a major cell type responsible for disseminating the virus from the initial site of infection. In order for monocytes to mediate viral spread within the host, HCMV must subvert the naturally short lifespan of these cells. In this study, we performed polysomal profiling analysis, which demonstrated HCMV to globally redirect mRNA translation toward the synthesis of cellular prosurvival factors within infected monocytes. Specifically, HCMV entry into monocytes induced the translation of cellular SIRT1 to generate an antiapoptotic state. Defining the precise mechanisms through which HCMV stimulates survival will provide insight into novel anti-HCMV drugs able to target infected monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Dilruba Akter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jamil Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gary C. Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Bouyahya A, El Allam A, Aboulaghras S, Bakrim S, El Menyiy N, Alshahrani MM, Al Awadh AA, Benali T, Lee LH, El Omari N, Goh KW, Ming LC, Mubarak MS. Targeting mTOR as a Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances in Natural Bioactive Compounds and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5520. [PMID: 36428613 PMCID: PMC9688668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, which regulates many biological processes related to metabolism, cancer, immune function, and aging. It is an essential protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family and has two known signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Even though mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting mitochondria-related protein synthesis, suppressing the catabolic process of autophagy, contributing to lipid metabolism, engaging in ribosome formation, and acting as a critical regulator of mRNA translation, it remains one of the significant signaling systems involved in the tumor process, particularly in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the mTOR signaling system could be suggested as a cancer biomarker, and its targeting is important in anti-tumor therapy research. Indeed, its dysregulation is involved in different types of cancers such as colon, neck, cervical, head, lung, breast, reproductive, and bone cancers, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, recent investigations showed that targeting mTOR could be considered as cancer therapy. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of recent developments associated with the mTOR signaling pathway and its molecular involvement in various human cancer types. It also summarizes the research progress of different mTOR inhibitors, including natural and synthetised compounds and their main mechanisms, as well as the rational combinations with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Allam
- Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedars Street, TAC S610, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnologies and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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You B, Pan S, Gu M, Zhang K, Xia T, Zhang S, Chen W, Xie H, Fan Y, Yao H, Cheng T, Zhang P, Liu D, You Y. Extracellular vesicles rich in HAX1 promote angiogenesis by modulating ITGB6 translation. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12221. [PMID: 35524442 PMCID: PMC9077140 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated angiogenesis plays a critical role in metastasis, the main cause of malignancy-related death. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can regulate angiogenesis to participate in tumour metastasis. Our previous study showed that EVs rich in HAX1 are associated with in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the mechanism by which HAX1 of EVs promotes metastasis and angiogenesis is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that EVs rich in HAX1 promote angiogenesis phenotype by activating the FAK pathway in endothelial cells (ECs) by increasing expression level of ITGB6. The expression level of HAX1 is markedly correlated with microvessel density (MVDs) in NPC and head and neck cancers based on an analysis of IHC. In addition to a series of in vitro cellular analyses, in vivo models revealed that HAX1 was correlated with migration and blood vessel formation of ECs, and metastasis of NPC. Using ribosome profiling, we found that HAX1 regulates the FAK pathway to influence microvessel formation and promote NPC metastasis by enhancing the translation efficiency of ITGB6. Our findings demonstrate that HAX1 can be used as an important biomarker for NPC metastasis, providing a novel basis for antiangiogenesis therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Si Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Miao Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Haijing Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Tianyi Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Dong Liu
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of JiangsuMinistry of EducationNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yiwen You
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina
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4
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Rethinking IRPs/IRE system in neurodegenerative disorders: Looking beyond iron metabolism. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101511. [PMID: 34767973 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and iron regulatory element (IRE) systems are well known in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by regulating iron related proteins. IRPs are also regulated by iron homeostasis. However, an increasing number of studies have suggested a close relationship between the IRPs/IRE system and non-iron-related neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we reviewed that the IRPs/IRE system is not only controlled by iron ions, but also regulated by such factors as post-translational modification, oxygen, nitric oxide (NO), heme, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and metal ions. In addition, by regulating the transcription of non-iron related proteins, the IRPs/IRE system functioned in oxidative metabolism, cell cycle regulation, abnormal proteins aggregation, and neuroinflammation. Finally, by emphasizing the multiple regulations of IRPs/IRE system and its potential relationship with non-iron metabolic neurodegenerative disorders, we provided new strategies for disease treatment targeting IRPs/IRE system.
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5
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Yan J, Xie Y, Si J, Gan L, Li H, Sun C, Di C, Zhang J, Huang G, Zhang X, Zhang H. Crosstalk of the Caspase Family and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E817. [PMID: 33467535 PMCID: PMC7830632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell can integrate the caspase family and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in response to cellular stress triggered by environment. It is necessary here to elucidate the direct response and interaction mechanism between the two signaling pathways in regulating cell survival and determining cell fate under cellular stress. Members of the caspase family are crucial regulators of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress response and apoptosis. mTOR signaling is known to mediate cell growth, nutrition and metabolism. For instance, over-nutrition can cause the hyperactivation of mTOR signaling, which is associated with diabetes. Nutrition deprivation can inhibit mTOR signaling via SH3 domain-binding protein 4. It is striking that Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 is found to mediate cell survival in a caspase-dependent manner against increasing cellular stress, which describes a new model of apoptosis. The components of mTOR signaling-raptor can be cleaved by caspases to control cell growth. In addition, mTOR is identified to coordinate the defense process of the immune system by suppressing the vitality of caspase-1 or regulating other interferon regulatory factors. The present review discusses the roles of the caspase family or mTOR pathway against cellular stress and generalizes their interplay mechanism in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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mTOR-Mediated Antioxidant Activation in Solid Tumor Radioresistance. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5956867. [PMID: 31929797 PMCID: PMC6942807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5956867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for the treatment of cancer patients, but tumor radioresistance presents serious therapy challenges. Tumor radioresistance is closely related to high levels of mTOR signaling in tumor tissues. Therefore, targeting the mTOR pathway might be a strategy to promote solid tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Radioresistance is associated with enhanced antioxidant mechanisms in cancer cells. Therefore, examination of the relationship between mTOR signaling and antioxidant mechanism-linked radioresistance is required for effective radiotherapy. In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. This review is expected to assist in the identification of therapeutic adjuvants to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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7
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Altman AM, Mahmud J, Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Chan G. HCMV modulation of cellular PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling: New opportunities for therapeutic intervention? Antiviral Res 2019; 163:82-90. [PMID: 30668978 PMCID: PMC6391997 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a major public health burden domestically and abroad. Current approved therapies, including ganciclovir, are only moderately efficacious, with many transplant patients suffering from a variety of side effects. A major impediment to the efficacy of current anti-HCMV drugs is their antiviral effects are restricted to the lytic stage of viral replication. Consequently, the non-lytic stages of the viral lifecycle remain major sources of HCMV infection associated with transplant recipients and ultimately the cause of morbidity and mortality. While work continues on new antivirals that block lytic replication, the dormant stages of HCMV's unique lifecycle need to be concurrently assessed for new therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will examine the role that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis plays during the different stages of HCMV's lifecycle, and describe the advantages of targeting this cellular pathway as an antiviral strategy. In particular, we focus on the potential of exploiting the unique modifications HCMV imparts on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway during quiescent infection of monocytes, which serve an essential role in the dissemination strategy of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Altman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jamil Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | - Gary Chan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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8
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Bonvini A, Coqueiro AY, Tirapegui J, Calder PC, Rogero MM. Immunomodulatory role of branched-chain amino acids. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:840-856. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonvini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Y Coqueiro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sriram A, Bohlen J, Teleman AA. Translation acrobatics: how cancer cells exploit alternate modes of translational initiation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845947. [PMID: 30224410 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has brought to light many different mechanisms of translation initiation that function in cells in parallel to canonical cap-dependent initiation. This has important implications for cancer. Canonical cap-dependent translation initiation is inhibited by many stresses such as hypoxia, nutrient limitation, proteotoxic stress, or genotoxic stress. Since cancer cells are often exposed to these stresses, they rely on alternate modes of translation initiation for protein synthesis and cell growth. Cancer mutations are now being identified in components of the translation machinery and in cis-regulatory elements of mRNAs, which both control translation of cancer-relevant genes. In this review, we provide an overview on the various modes of non-canonical translation initiation, such as leaky scanning, translation re-initiation, ribosome shunting, IRES-dependent translation, and m6A-dependent translation, and then discuss the influence of stress on these different modes of translation. Finally, we present examples of how these modes of translation are dysregulated in cancer cells, allowing them to grow, to proliferate, and to survive, thereby highlighting the importance of translational control in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Sriram
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Duan F, Wu H, Jia D, Wu W, Ren S, Wang L, Song S, Guo X, Liu F, Ruan Y, Gu J. O-GlcNAcylation of RACK1 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis. J Hepatol 2018; 68:1191-1202. [PMID: 29454068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aberrant oncogenic mRNA translation and protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are general features during tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, whether and how these two pathways are interlinked remain unknown. Our previous study indicated that ribosomal receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) promoted chemoresistance and growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to examine the role of RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation in oncogene translation and HCC carcinogenesis. METHODS The site(s) of RACK1 for O-GlcNAcylation was mapped by mass spectrometry analysis. HCC cell lines were employed to examine the effects of RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation on the translation of oncogenic factors and behaviors of tumor cells in vitro. Transgenic knock-in mice were used to detect the role of RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation in modulating HCC tumorigenesis in vivo. The correlation of RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation with tumor progression and relapse were analyzed in clinical HCC samples. RESULTS We found that ribosomal RACK1 was highly modified by O-GlcNAc at Ser122. O-GlcNAcylation of RACK1 enhanced its protein stability, ribosome binding and interaction with PKCβII (PRKCB), leading to increased eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E phosphorylation and translation of potent oncogenes in HCC cells. Genetic ablation of RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation at Ser122 dramatically suppressed tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis in vitro and in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC mouse model. Increased RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation was also observed in HCC patient samples and correlated with tumor development and recurrence after chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that RACK1 acts as key mediator linking O-GlcNAc metabolism to cap-dependent translation during HCC tumorigenesis. Targeting RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation provides promising options for HCC treatment. LAY SUMMARY O-GlcNAcylation of ribosomal receptor for activated C-kinase 1 at the amino acid serine122 promotes its stability, ribosome localization and interaction with the protein kinase, PKCβII, thus driving the translation of oncogenes and tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased O-GlcNAcylation of ribosomal receptor for activated C-kinase 1 is positively correlated with tumor growth, metastasis and recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shushu Song
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Norrmén C, Figlia G, Pfistner P, Pereira JA, Bachofner S, Suter U. mTORC1 Is Transiently Reactivated in Injured Nerves to Promote c-Jun Elevation and Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4811-4828. [PMID: 29695414 PMCID: PMC5956991 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3619-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are endowed with a remarkable plasticity. When peripheral nerves are injured, SCs dedifferentiate and acquire new functions to coordinate nerve repair as so-called repair SCs. Subsequently, SCs redifferentiate to remyelinate regenerated axons. Given the similarities between SC dedifferentiation/redifferentiation in injured nerves and in demyelinating neuropathies, elucidating the signals involved in SC plasticity after nerve injury has potentially wider implications. c-Jun has emerged as a key transcription factor regulating SC dedifferentiation and the acquisition of repair SC features. However, the upstream pathways that control c-Jun activity after nerve injury are largely unknown. We report that the mTORC1 pathway is transiently but robustly reactivated in dedifferentiating SCs. By inducible genetic deletion of the functionally crucial mTORC1-subunit Raptor in mouse SCs (including male and female animals), we found that mTORC1 reactivation is necessary for proper myelin clearance, SC dedifferentiation, and consequently remyelination, without major alterations in the inflammatory response. In the absence of mTORC1 signaling, c-Jun failed to be upregulated correctly. Accordingly, a c-Jun binding motif was found to be enriched in promoters of genes with reduced expression in injured mutants. Furthermore, using cultured SCs, we found that mTORC1 is involved in c-Jun regulation by promoting its translation, possibly via the eIF4F-subunit eIF4A. These results provide evidence that proper c-Jun elevation after nerve injury involves also mTORC1-dependent post-transcriptional regulation to ensure timely dedifferentiation of SCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A crucial evolutionary acquisition of vertebrates is the envelopment of axons in myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells (SCs) in the PNS. When myelin is damaged, conduction of action potentials along axons slows down or is blocked, leading to debilitating diseases. Unlike oligodendrocytes, SCs have a high regenerative potential, granted by their remarkable plasticity. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying SC plasticity may uncover new therapeutic targets in nerve regeneration and demyelinating diseases. Our work reveals that reactivation of the mTORC1 pathway in SCs is essential for efficient SC dedifferentiation after nerve injury. Accordingly, modulating this signaling pathway might be of therapeutic relevance in peripheral nerve injury and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Norrmén
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Pfistner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Jorge A Pereira
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bachofner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pilla
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Schneider
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Bertolotti
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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13
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Faus-Garriga J, Novoa I, Ozaita A. mTOR signaling in proteostasis and its relevance to autism spectrum disorders. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2017.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Andreev DE, O'Connor PBF, Loughran G, Dmitriev SE, Baranov PV, Shatsky IN. Insights into the mechanisms of eukaryotic translation gained with ribosome profiling. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:513-526. [PMID: 27923997 PMCID: PMC5314775 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Ribosome Profiling (RiboSeq) has revolutionized functional genomics. RiboSeq is based on capturing and sequencing of the mRNA fragments enclosed within the translating ribosome and it thereby provides a ‘snapshot’ of ribosome positions at the transcriptome wide level. Although the method is predominantly used for analysis of differential gene expression and discovery of novel translated ORFs, the RiboSeq data can also be a rich source of information about molecular mechanisms of polypeptide synthesis and translational control. This review will focus on how recent findings made with RiboSeq have revealed important details of the molecular mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes. These include mRNA translation sensitivity to drugs affecting translation initiation and elongation, the roles of upstream ORFs in response to stress, the dynamics of elongation and termination as well as details of intrinsic ribosome behavior on the mRNA after translation termination. As the RiboSeq method is still at a relatively early stage we will also discuss the implications of RiboSeq artifacts on data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry E Andreev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Gary Loughran
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Pavel V Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan N Shatsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
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15
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Awan FT, Gore L, Gao L, Sharma J, Lager J, Costa LJ. Phase Ib trial of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor voxtalisib (SAR245409) in combination with chemoimmunotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:55-65. [PMID: 27293194 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This phase Ib, dose-escalation study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RP2D), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy of the pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor voxtalisib [30 or 50 mg twice daily (BID)], in combination with rituximab (voxtalisib+rituximab) or rituximab plus bendamustine (voxtalisib+rituximab+bendamustine), in relapsed or refractory indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). MTD and RP2D of voxtalisib were determined using a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. Adverse events (AEs), plasma PK and disease response were recorded. Thirty-seven patients were enrolled. The RP2D of voxtalisib in combination with rituximab or rituximab+bendamustine was 50 mg BID. Four patients experienced a total of five dose-limiting toxicities. The most frequent AEs were nausea (45·9%), fatigue (37·8%) headache (32·4%) and pyrexia (32·4%). The most frequent grade ≥3 AEs were neutropenia (27·0%), thrombocytopenia (24·3%), anaemia (16·2%) and febrile neutropenia (10·8%). Voxtalisib PK parameters were not affected by co-administration with rituximab or rituximab+bendamustine. Of 35 efficacy-evaluable patients, four (11·4%) achieved complete response and 13 (37·1%) achieved partial response. Voxtalisib, in combination with rituximab or rituximab+bendamustine, demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging anti-tumour activity in relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh T Awan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Lia Gore
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Dodds SG, Livi CB, Parihar M, Hsu HK, Benavides AD, Morris J, Javors M, Strong R, Christy B, Hasty P, Sharp ZD. Adaptations to chronic rapamycin in mice. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2016; 6:31688. [PMID: 27237224 PMCID: PMC4884683 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v6.31688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin inhibits mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) that promotes protein production in cells by facilitating ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) and eIF4E-mediated 5'cap mRNA translation. Chronic treatment with encapsulated rapamycin (eRapa) extended health and life span for wild-type and cancer-prone mice. Yet, the long-term consequences of chronic eRapa treatment are not known at the organ level. Here, we report our observations of chronic eRapa treatment on mTORC1 signaling and RiBi in mouse colon and visceral adipose. As expected, chronic eRapa treatment decreased detection of phosphorylated mTORC1/S6K substrate, ribosomal protein (rpS6) in colon and fat. However, in colon, contrary to expectations, there was an upregulation of 18S rRNA and some ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) suggesting increased RiBi. Among RPGs, eRapa increases rpl22l1 mRNA but not its paralog rpl22. Furthermore, there was an increase in the cap-binding protein, eIF4E relative to its repressor 4E-BP1 suggesting increased translation. By comparison, in fat, there was a decrease in the level of 18S rRNA (opposite to colon), while overall mRNAs encoding ribosomal protein genes appeared to increase, including rpl22, but not rpl22l1 (opposite to colon). In fat, there was a decrease in eIF4E relative to actin (opposite to colon) but also an increase in the eIF4E/4E-BP1 ratio likely due to reductions in 4E-BP1 at our lower eRapa dose (similar to colon). Thus, in contrast to predictions of decreased protein production seen in cell-based studies, we provide evidence that colon from chronically treated mice exhibited an adaptive 'pseudo-anabolic' state, which is only partially present in fat, which might relate to differing tissue levels of rapamycin, cell-type-specific responses, and/or strain differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry G Dodds
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carolina B Livi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Manish Parihar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hang-Kai Hsu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- KCRB 2018, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adriana D Benavides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Infectious Disease Research Division, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay Morris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Martin Javors
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Christy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Coagulation and Blood Research Group, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA;
| | - Zelton Dave Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA;
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17
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Vincent HA, Ziehr B, Moorman NJ. Human Cytomegalovirus Strategies to Maintain and Promote mRNA Translation. Viruses 2016; 8:97. [PMID: 27089357 PMCID: PMC4848592 DOI: 10.3390/v8040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA translation requires the ordered assembly of translation initiation factors and ribosomal subunits on a transcript. Host signaling pathways regulate each step in this process to match levels of protein synthesis to environmental cues. In response to infection, cells activate multiple defenses that limit viral protein synthesis, which viruses must counteract to successfully replicate. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibits host defenses that limit viral protein expression and manipulates host signaling pathways to promote the expression of both host and viral proteins necessary for virus replication. Here we review key regulatory steps in mRNA translation, and the strategies used by HCMV to maintain protein synthesis in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Vincent
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Benjamin Ziehr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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18
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Joubert PE, Stapleford K, Guivel-Benhassine F, Vignuzzi M, Schwartz O, Albert ML. Inhibition of mTORC1 Enhances the Translation of Chikungunya Proteins via the Activation of the MnK/eIF4E Pathway. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005091. [PMID: 26317997 PMCID: PMC4552638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the causative agent of a major epidemic spanning five continents, is a positive stranded mRNA virus that replicates using the cell's cap-dependent translation machinery. Despite viral infection inhibiting mTOR, a metabolic sensor controls cap-dependent translation, viral proteins are efficiently translated. Rapalog treatment, silencing of mtor or raptor genes, but not rictor, further enhanced CHIKV infection in culture cells. Using biochemical assays and real time imaging, we demonstrate that this effect is independent of autophagy or type I interferon production. Providing in vivo evidence for the relevance of our findings, mice treated with mTORC1 inhibitors exhibited increased lethality and showed a higher sensitivity to CHIKV. A systematic evaluation of the viral life cycle indicated that inhibition of mTORC1 has a specific positive effect on viral proteins, enhancing viral replication by increasing the translation of both structural and nonstructural proteins. Molecular analysis defined a role for phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and MAP kinase-activated protein kinase (MnKs) activation, leading to the hyper-phosphorylation of eIF4E. Finally, we demonstrated that in the context of CHIKV inhibition of mTORC1, viral replication is prioritized over host translation via a similar mechanism. Our study reveals an unexpected bypass pathway by which CHIKV protein translation overcomes viral induced mTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Unité Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Département d’Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex 15, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth Stapleford
- Unité des populations virales et Pathogenèse, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Unité des populations virales et Pathogenèse, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Matthew L. Albert
- Unité Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Département d’Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex 15, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
- Centre d’Immunologie Humaine, Département d’Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex 15, France
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Yao YS, Qiu WS, Yao RY, Zhang Q, Zhuang LK, Zhou F, Sun LB, Yue L. miR-141 confers docetaxel chemoresistance of breast cancer cells via regulation of EIF4E expression. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2504-12. [PMID: 25813250 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to docetaxel, a chemotherapy drug for breast cancer (BC) treatment, occurs in ~50% of patients, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of drug resistance are not fully understood. Gene regulation through miR-141 has been proven to play an important role in cancer drug resistance. The present study investigated the role of miR-141 expression in BC cells of acquired docetaxel resistance. Inhibition of miR-141 enhanced the response to docetaxel in docetaxel-resistant cells (MCF-7/DTX and MDA-MB-231/DTX, respectively), whereas overexpression of miR-141 confered resistance in docetaxel-sensitive cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively). By directly targeting the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E) mRNA, miR-141 acts on genes that are necessary for drug induced apoptosis rendering the cells drug resistant. Modulation of miR-141 expression was correlated with EIF4E expression changes and a direct interaction of miR-141 with EIF4E was shown by a luciferase assay. Thus, the present study is the first to show an increased expression of miR-141 in an acquired model of docetaxel resistance in BC. This serves as a mechanism of acquired docetaxel resistance in BC cells, possibly through direct interactions with EIF4E, therefore presenting a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of docetaxel resistant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sai Yao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Sheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Yong Yao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Kun Zhuang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Bin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yue
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
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Retroviral vectors elevate coexpressed protein levels in trans through cap-dependent translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3505-10. [PMID: 25737543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420477112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses cause immunodeficiency and cancer but also are used as vectors for the expression of heterologous genes. Nevertheless, optimal translation of introduced genes often is not achieved. Here we show that transfection into mammalian cells of lentiviral or gammaretroviral vectors, including those with specific shRNAs, increased expression of a cotransfected gene relative to standard plasmid vectors. Levels of most endogenous cellular proteins were unchanged. Transfer of lentiviral vector sequences into a standard plasmid conferred the ability to give increased expression of cotransfected genes (superinduction). Superinduction by the retroviral vector was not dependent on the cell type or species, the type of reporter gene, or the method of transfection. No differences were detected in the IFN, unfolded protein, or stress responses in the presence of retroviral vectors. RT-PCRs revealed that RNA levels of cotransfected genes were unchanged during superinduction, yet Western blotting, pulse labeling, and the use of bicistronic vectors showed increased cap-dependent translation of cointroduced genes. Expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase target 4E-BP1, but not the mTOR inhibitor Torin 1, preferentially inhibited superinduction relative to basal protein expression. Furthermore, transcription of lentiviral vector sequences from a doxycycline-inducible promoter eliminated superinduction, consistent with a DNA-triggered event. Thus, retroviral DNA increased translation of cointroduced genes in trans by an mTOR-independent signaling mechanism. Our experiments have broad applications for the design of retroviral vectors for transfections, DNA vaccines, and gene therapy.
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Chang WL, Yu CC, Chen CS, Guh JH. Tubulin-binding agents down-regulate matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells – a critical role of Cdk1 in mitotic entry. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:12-21. [PMID: 25615907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin is an important target for anticancer therapy. Taxanes and vinca alkaloids are two groups of tubulin-binding agents in cancer chemotherapy. Besides tubulin binding, these groups of agents can also down-regulate protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, two important cancer-associated zinc-dependent endopeptidases in invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanism of action waits to be explored. In this study, protein levels but not mRNA expressions of MMP-2 and -9 were down-regulated by paclitaxel (a microtubule-stabilization agent), vincristine and evodiamine (two tubulin-depolymerization agents). These agents induced an increase of protein expression of cyclin B1, MPM2 (mitosis-specific phosphoprotein) and polo-like kinase (PLK) 1 phosphorylation. The data showed a negative relationship between the levels of mitotic proteins and MMP-2 and -9 expressions. MG132 (a specific cell-permeable proteasome inhibitor) blocked mitotic entry and arrested cell cycle at G2 phase, preventing down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9. Cell cycle synchronization experiments by thymidine block or nocodazole treatment showed that mitotic exit inhibited the down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9, confirming negative relationship between cell mitosis and protein levels of MMP-2 and -9 expressions. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 1 is a key kinase in mitotic entry. Knockdown of Cdk1 almost completely inhibited the down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9 induced by tubulin-binding agents. In conclusion, the data suggest that mitotic entry and Cdk1 plays a central role in down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9 protein expressions. Tubulin-binding agents cause mitotic arrest and Cdk1 activation, which may contribute largely to the down-regulation of both MMP-2 and -9 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan; The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chia-Chun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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22
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Cha YL, Li PD, Yuan LJ, Zhang MY, Zhang YJ, Rao HL, Zhang HZ, Zheng XFS, Wang HY. EIF4EBP1 overexpression is associated with poor survival and disease progression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117493. [PMID: 25658620 PMCID: PMC4319970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective EIF4EBP1 acts as a crucial effector in mTOR signaling pathway. Studies have suggested that EIF4EBP1 plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. However, the clinical significance and biological role of EIF4EBP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of EIF4EBP1 in HCC. Methods Total 128 cases of HCCs were included in this study. EIF4EBP1 expression in HCC tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Then the relationships between EIF4EBP1 expression and clinical features as well as survival were analyzed. Results The expression level of EIF4EBP1 mRNA is significantly higher in 60% (24/40) of fresh HCC tissues than that in the matched adjacent nontumor liver (NCL) tissues (P = 0.044). Similarly, EIF4EBP1 protein is notably upregulated in 8 HCC tissues (randomly selected from the 40 HCCs) measured by Western blot and is significantly increased in another 88 paraffin-embedded HCCs (53%, 47/88) by immunohistochemistry compared with the matched NCLs (P < 0.001). EIF4EBP1 protein expression in HCC tissues is significantly correlated with serum AFP (P = 0.003) and marginally significantly associated with pathological grade (P = 0.085), tumor number (P = 0.084), tumor embolus (P = 0.084) and capsulation (P = 0.073). Patients with higher EIF4EBP1 protein expression have a much worse 5-year overall survival (40.3% vs 73.6%) and 5-year disease-free survival (33.0% vs 49.0%) than those with low expression. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis shows that EIF4EBP1 protein is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR, 2.285; 95% CI, 1.154–4.527; P = 0.018) and disease-free survival (HR, 1.901; 95% CI, 1.067–3.386; P = 0.029) in HCC patients. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time that EIF4EBP1 mRNA and protein are markedly up-regulated in HCC tissues, and the protein overexpression is significantly associated with poor survival and progression, which provide a potential new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Lian Cha
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pin-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin-Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Lan Rao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X. F. Steven Zheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Dennis MD, Kimball SR, Fort PE, Jefferson LS. Regulated in development and DNA damage 1 is necessary for hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the retina of diabetic rodents. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3865-74. [PMID: 25548280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered a major role player in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, yet the mechanisms regulating its expression are not fully understood. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that diabetes-induced VEGF expression in the retina was dependent on the repressor of mRNA translation 4E-BP1. Interaction of 4E-BP1 with the cap-binding protein eIF4E regulates protein expression by controlling the selection of mRNAs for translation. The process is regulated by the master kinase mTOR in complex 1 (mTORC1), which phosphorylates 4E-BP1, thus promoting its disassociation from eIF4E. In the present study, we investigated the role of the Akt/mTORC1 repressor REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage) in diabetes-induced VEGF expression. REDD1 expression was induced by hyperglycemia in the retina of diabetic rodents and by hyperglycemic conditions in Müller cells concomitant with increased VEGF expression. In Müller cells, hyperglycemic conditions attenuated global rates of protein synthesis and cap-dependent mRNA translation concomitant with up-regulated cap-independent VEGF mRNA translation, as assessed by a bicistronic luciferase reporter assay. Hyperglycemic conditions also attenuated mTORC1 signaling and enhanced 4E-BP1 binding to eIF4E. Furthermore, ectopic expression of REDD1 in Müller cells was sufficient to promote both increased 4E-BP1 binding to eIF4E and VEGF expression. Whereas the retina of wild-type mice exhibited increased expression of VEGF and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 4 weeks after streptozotocin administration, the retina of REDD1 knock-out mice failed to do so. Overall, the results demonstrate that REDD1 contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes in the retina by mediating the pathogenic effects of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Dennis
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
| | - Scot R Kimball
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
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24
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Nacarelli T, Azar A, Sell C. Aberrant mTOR activation in senescence and aging: A mitochondrial stress response? Exp Gerontol 2014; 68:66-70. [PMID: 25449851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected activation of mTOR signaling, measured by ribosomal S6 phosphorylation or ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) activity, has been reported in aging-related settings. Evidence of elevated mTOR activity has been reported in the heart and muscle tissue in aged mice and humans, mouse models of progeria, and senescent human fibroblasts. We explore these reports and the possibility that activation of the mTOR/p70S6K kinase pathway may represent a ROS-mediated response to mitochondrial stress leading to the activation of senescence. This activation is a hallmark of both aged tissue and senescent human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Nacarelli
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 245N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Ashley Azar
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 245N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Christian Sell
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 245N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States.
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25
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Theil EC. IRE mRNA riboregulators use metabolic iron (Fe(2+)) to control mRNA activity and iron chemistry in animals. Metallomics 2014; 7:15-24. [PMID: 25209685 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A family of noncoding RNAs bind Fe(2+) to increase protein synthesis. The structures occur in messenger RNAs encoding animal proteins for iron metabolism. Each mRNA regulatory sequence, ∼30 ribonucleotides long, is called an IRE (Iron Responsive Element), and folds into a bent, A-RNA helix with a terminal loop. Riboregulatory RNAs, like t-RNAs, r-RNAs micro-RNAs, etc. contrast with DNA, since single-stranded RNA can fold into a variety of complex, three-dimensional structures. IRE-RNAs bind two types of proteins: (1) IRPs which are protein repressors, sequence-related to mitochondrial aconitases. (2) eIF-4F, which bind ribosomes and enhances general protein biosynthesis. The competition between IRP and eIF-4F binding to IRE-RNA is controlled by Fe(2+)-induced changes in the IRE-RNA conformation. Mn(2+), which also binds to IRE-RNA in solution, is a convenient experimental proxy for air-sensitive Fe(2+) studies of in vitro protein biosynthesis and protein binding. However, only Fe(2+) has physiological effects on protein biosynthesis directed by IRE-mRNAs. The structures of the IRE-RNA riboregulators is known indirectly from effects of base substitutions on function, from solution NMR of the free RNA, and of X-ray crystallography of the IRE-RNA-IRP repressor complex. However, the inability to date, to crystallize the free IRE-RNA, and the dissociation of the IRE-RNA-IRP complex when metal binds, have hampered direct identification and characterization of the RNA-metal binding sites. The high conservation of the primary sequence in IRE-mRNA control elements has facilitated their identification and analysis of metal-assisted riboregulator function. Expansion of RNA search analyses beyond primary will likely reveal other, metal-dependent families of mRNA riboregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Theil
- The Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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26
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León K, Boulo T, Musnier A, Morales J, Gauthier C, Dupuy L, Heyne S, Backofen R, Poupon A, Cormier P, Reiter E, Crepieux P. Activation of a GPCR leads to eIF4G phosphorylation at the 5' cap and to IRES-dependent translation. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:373-82. [PMID: 24711644 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The control of mRNA translation has been mainly explored in response to activated tyrosine kinase receptors. In contrast, mechanistic details on the translational machinery are far less available in the case of ligand-bound G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this study, using the FSH receptor (FSH-R) as a model receptor, we demonstrate that part of the translational regulations occurs by phosphorylation of the translation pre-initiation complex scaffold protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), in HEK293 cells stably expressing the FSH-R. This phosphorylation event occurred when eIF4G was bound to the mRNA 5' cap, and probably involves mammalian target of rapamycin. This regulation might contribute to cap-dependent translation in response to FSH. The cap-binding protein eIF4E also had its phosphorylation level enhanced upon FSH stimulation. We also show that FSH-induced signaling not only led to cap-dependent translation but also to internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation of some mRNA. These data add detailed information on the molecular bases underlying the regulation of selective mRNA translation by a GPCR, and a topological model recapitulating these mechanisms is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly León
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Thomas Boulo
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Astrid Musnier
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Julia Morales
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Gauthier
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Laurence Dupuy
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Steffen Heyne
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Poupon
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Patrick Cormier
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eric Reiter
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Pascale Crepieux
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
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