1
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De D, Ghosh G, Karmakar P. Sumoylation and phosphorylation of PTEN boosts and curtails autophagy respectively by influencing cell membrane localisation. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113872. [PMID: 38072303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the entirety of cellular survival, homeostasis and death which becomes more self-evident when its dysregulation is implicated in several pathological conditions. PTEN positively regulates autophagy and like other proteins undergo post-translational modifications. It is crucial to investigate the relationship between PTEN and autophagy as it is generally observed to be negligible in PTEN deficient cancer cells. Here, we have shown that such modifications of PTEN namely sumoylation and phosphorylation upregulates and downregulates autophagy respectively. Transfection of plasmid containing full length PTEN in PTEN-negative prostate cancer cell line PC3, induced autophagy on further starvation. When a sumoylation-deficient mutant of PTEN was transfected and cells were put under similar starvation, a decline in autophagy was observed. On the other hand, cells transfected with phosphorylation-deficient mutant of PTEN showed elevated expression of autophagy. Contrarily, transfection with phosphorylation-mimicking mutant caused reduced expression of autophagy. On further analysis, it was detected that PTEN's association with the plasma membrane was under positive and negative influence from its sumoylation and phosphorylation respectively. This association is integral as it is the foremost site for PTEN to oppose PI3K/AKT pathway and consequently upregulate autophagy. Thus, this study indicates that sumoylation and phosphorylation of PTEN can control autophagy via its cell membrane association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti De
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Torices L, Mingo J, Rodríguez-Escudero I, Fernández-Acero T, Luna S, Nunes-Xavier CE, López JI, Mercadillo F, Currás M, Urioste M, Molina M, Cid VJ, Pulido R. Functional analysis of PTEN variants of unknown significance from PHTS patients unveils complex patterns of PTEN biological activity in disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:568-577. [PMID: 36543932 PMCID: PMC10172195 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline mutations in PTEN gene predispose to hamartomas and tumors in different tissues, as well as to neurodevelopmental disorders, and define at genetic level the PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS). The major physiologic role of PTEN protein is the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), counteracting the pro-oncogenic function of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and PTEN mutations in PHTS patients frequently abrogate PTEN PIP3 catalytic activity. PTEN also displays non-canonical PIP3-independent functions, but their involvement in PHTS pathogeny is less understood. We have previously identified and described, at clinical and genetic level, novel PTEN variants of unknown functional significance in PHTS patients. Here, we have performed an extensive functional characterization of these PTEN variants (c.77 C > T, p.(Thr26Ile), T26I; c.284 C > G, p.(Pro95Arg), P95R; c.529 T > A, p.(Tyr177Asn), Y177N; c.781 C > G, p.(Gln261Glu), Q261E; c.829 A > G, p.(Thr277Ala), T277A; and c.929 A > G, p.(Asp310Gly), D310G), including cell expression levels and protein stability, PIP3-phosphatase activity, and subcellular localization. In addition, caspase-3 cleavage analysis in cells has been assessed using a C2-domain caspase-3 cleavage-specific anti-PTEN antibody. We have found complex patterns of functional activity on PTEN variants, ranging from loss of PIP3-phosphatase activity, diminished protein expression and stability, and altered nuclear/cytoplasmic localization, to intact functional properties, when compared with PTEN wild type. Furthermore, we have found that PTEN cleavage at the C2-domain by the pro-apoptotic protease caspase-3 is diminished in specific PTEN PHTS variants. Our findings illustrate the multifaceted molecular features of pathogenic PTEN protein variants, which could account for the complexity in the genotype/phenotype manifestations of PHTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Torices
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Escudero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández-Acero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Luna
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - José I López
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Fátima Mercadillo
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Currás
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor J Cid
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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3
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Gupta S, Kumar M, Chaudhuri S, Kumar A. The non-canonical nuclear functions of key players of the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3181-3204. [PMID: 35616326 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K-AKT-MTOR signal transduction pathway is one of the essential signalling cascades within the cell due to its involvement in many vital functions. The pathway initiates with the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3Ks) onto the plasma membrane, generating phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 ] and subsequently activating AKT. Being the central node of the PI3K network, AKT activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (MTORC1) via Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 inhibition in the cytoplasm. Although the cytoplasmic role of the pathway has been widely explored for decades, we now know that most of the effector molecules of the PI3K axis diverge from the canonical route and translocate to other cell organelles including the nucleus. The presence of phosphoinositides (PtdIns) inside the nucleus itself indicates the existence of a nuclear PI3K signalling. The nuclear localization of these signaling components is evident in regulating many nuclear processes like DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, maintenance of genomic integrity, chromatin architecture, and cell cycle control. Here, our review intends to present a comprehensive overview of the nuclear functions of the PI3K-AKT-MTOR signaling biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Gupta
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mukund Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumi Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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4
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Kato T, Igarashi A, Sesaki H, Iijima M. Generating a new mouse model for nuclear PTEN deficiency by a single K13R mutation. Genes Cells 2021; 26:1014-1022. [PMID: 34661323 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Many human diseases, including cancer and neurological abnormalities, are linked to deficiencies of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a dual phosphatase that dephosphorylates both lipids and proteins. PTEN functions in multiple intracellular locations, including the plasma membrane and nucleus. Therefore, a critical challenge to understand the pathogenesis of PTEN-associated diseases is to determine the specific role of PTEN at different locations. Toward this goal, the current study generated a mouse line in which lysine 13, which is critical for the nuclear localization of PTEN, is changed to arginine in the lipid-binding domain using the CRISPR-Ca9 gene-editing system. We found that PTENK13R mice show a strong decrease in the localization of PTEN in the nucleus without affecting the protein stability, phosphatase activity, and phosphorylation in the C-terminal tail region. PTENK13R mice are viable but produce smaller neurons and develop microcephaly. These data demonstrate that PTENK13R mice provide a useful animal model to study the role of PTEN in the nucleus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Igarashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Zhang X, Niu Y, Huang Y. Melatonin inhibits cell proliferation in a rat model of breast hyperplasia by mediating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:66. [PMID: 34184749 PMCID: PMC8020212 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a rat model of breast hyperplasia was established via the administration of estradiol benzoate and progesterone. Subsequent changes associated with breast hyperplasia were then investigated by measuring the diameter and height of the nipples and by staining breast tissue with hematoxylin and eosin. The proliferation and apoptosis of hyperplastic cells in the breast tissue were then determined by analyzing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cleaved-caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining. We also determined the expression of proteins associated with the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway by western blotting. Melatonin treatment led to a significant reduction in the degree of breast hyperplasia (P<0.05), a significant reduction in PCNA, a significant increase in the level of apoptosis (P<0.05), a significant increase in PTEN (P<0.05), and a significant reduction in AKT/p-AKT (P<0.05). Furthermore, melatonin significantly decreased the aggravation of breast hyperplasia induced by application of a PTEN inhibitor. Melatonin reduced the degree of breast hyperplasia, reduced the proliferation of hyperplastic breast tissue cells, and promoted cell apoptosis in hyperplastic tissue. These effects were achieved by the specific regulation of proteins in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yingqun Niu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
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6
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A bacterial tyrosine phosphatase modulates cell proliferation through targeting RGCC. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009598. [PMID: 34015051 PMCID: PMC8172045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphatases are often weaponized by bacteria colonizing mucosal barriers to manipulate host cell signal transduction pathways. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen and emerging oncopathogen which interferes with gingival epithelial cell proliferation and migration, and induces a partial epithelial mesenchymal transition. P. gingivalis produces two tyrosine phosphatases, and we show here that the low molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase, Ltp1, is secreted within gingival epithelial cells and translocates to the nucleus. An ltp1 mutant of P. gingivalis showed a diminished ability to induce epithelial cell migration and proliferation. Ltp1 was also required for the transcriptional upregulation of Regulator of Growth and Cell Cycle (RGCC), one of the most differentially expressed genes in epithelial cells resulting from P. gingivalis infection. A phosphoarray and siRNA showed that P. gingivalis controlled RGCC expression through Akt, which was activated by phosphorylation on S473. Akt activation is opposed by PTEN, and P. gingivalis decreased the amount of PTEN in epithelial cells. Ectopically expressed Ltp1 bound to PTEN, and reduced phosphorylation of PTEN at Y336 which controls proteasomal degradation. Ltp-1 induced loss of PTEN stability was prevented by chemical inhibition of the proteasome. Knockdown of RGCC suppressed upregulation of Zeb2 and mesenchymal markers by P. gingivalis. RGCC inhibition was also accompanied by a reduction in production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in response to P. gingivalis. Elevated IL-6 levels can contribute to periodontal destruction, and the ltp1 mutant of P. gingivalis incited less bone loss compared to the parental strain in a murine model of periodontal disease. These results show that P. gingivalis can deliver Ltp1 within gingival epithelial cells, and establish PTEN as the target for Ltp1 phosphatase activity. Disruption of the Akt1/RGCC signaling axis by Ltp1 facilitates P. gingivalis-induced increases in epithelial cell migration, proliferation, EMT and inflammatory cytokine production. Bacteria colonizing the oral cavity can induce inflammatory destruction of the periodontal tissues, and are increasingly associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. P. gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, can subvert epithelial pathways that control important physiological processes relating to innate immunity and cell fate; however, little is known about the effector molecules. Here we show that P. gingivalis can deliver a tyrosine phosphatase, Ltp1, within epithelial cells, and Ltp1 phosphatase activity destabilizes PTEN, a negative regulator of Akt1 signaling. The production of RGCC is thus increased and this leads to increased epithelial cell migration, proliferation, a partial mesenchymal phenotype and inflammatory cytokine production. Ltp1 phosphatase activity thus provides a mechanistic basis for a number of P. gingivalis properties that contribute to disease. Indeed, an Ltp1-deficient mutant was less pathogenic in a murine model of periodontitis. These results contribute to deciphering the pathophysiological events that underlie oral bacterial diseases that initiate at mucosal barriers.
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7
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Lu J, Zhao H, Yu C, Kang Y, Yang X. Targeting Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7 (USP7) in Cancer: A New Insight to Overcome Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648491. [PMID: 33967786 PMCID: PMC8101550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the leading causes for the failure of tumor treatment. Hence, it is necessary to study further and understand the potential mechanisms of tumor resistance to design and develop novel anti-tumor drugs. Post-translational modifications are critical for proteins’ function under physiological and pathological conditions, among which ubiquitination is the most common one. The protein degradation process mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is the most well-known function of ubiquitination modification. However, ubiquitination also participates in the regulation of many other biological processes, such as protein trafficking and protein-protein interaction. A group of proteins named deubiquitinases can hydrolyze the isopeptide bond and disassemble the ubiquitin-protein conjugates, thus preventing substrate proteins form degradation or other outcomes. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is one of the most extensively studied deubiquitinases. USP7 exhibits a high expression signature in various malignant tumors, and increased USP7 expression often indicates the poor tumor prognosis, suggesting that USP7 is a marker of tumor prognosis and a potential drug target for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we first discussed the structure and function of USP7. Further, we summarized the underlying mechanisms by which tumor cells develop resistance to anti-tumor therapies, provided theoretical support for targeting USP7 to overcome drug resistance, and some inspiration for the design and development of USP7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Zhao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caini Yu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Kato T, Murata D, Anders RA, Sesaki H, Iijima M. Nuclear PTEN and p53 suppress stress-induced liver cancer through distinct mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:83-90. [PMID: 33667713 PMCID: PMC7995232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PTEN and p53 are highly mutated in many cancers. These two tumor suppressors have critical functions in the nucleus, such as DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and genome maintenance. However, the in vivo functional relationship of nuclear PTEN and p53 is unknown. Here, we analyzed the liver of mice in which nuclear PTEN and p53 are individually or simultaneously depleted. We found that nuclear PTEN loss greatly upregulates p53 expression upon oxidative stress, while the loss of p53 potentiates stress-induced accumulation of PTEN in the nucleus. Next, we examined oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes, and found that nuclear PTEN loss aggravated the damage while p53 loss did not. Notably, mice lacking nuclear PTEN had increased hepatocellular carcinoma under oxidative stress, while mice lacking p53 in hepatocytes had accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The formation of cholangiocarcinoma appears to involve the transformation of hepatocytes into cholangiocarcinoma. Simultaneous loss of nuclear PTEN and p53 exacerbated both types of liver cancers. These data suggest that nuclear PTEN and p53 suppress liver cancers through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daisuke Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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9
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Yin S, Liu L, Gan W. The Roles of Post-Translational Modifications on mTOR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041784. [PMID: 33670113 PMCID: PMC7916890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism by integrating various environmental inputs including growth factors, nutrients, and energy, among others. mTOR signaling has been demonstrated to control almost all fundamental cellular processes, such as nucleotide, protein and lipid synthesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Over the past fifteen years, mapping the network of the mTOR pathway has dramatically advanced our understanding of its upstream and downstream signaling. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway is frequently associated with a variety of human diseases, such as cancers, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Besides genetic alterations, aberrancies in post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the mTOR components are the major causes of the aberrant mTOR signaling in a number of pathologies. In this review, we summarize current understanding of PTMs-mediated regulation of mTOR signaling, and also update the progress on targeting the mTOR pathway and PTM-related enzymes for treatment of human diseases.
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10
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Samaržija I. Post-Translational Modifications That Drive Prostate Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33572160 PMCID: PMC7915076 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a protein primary structure is determined by genetic code, its specific functional form is mostly achieved in a dynamic interplay that includes actions of many enzymes involved in post-translational modifications. This versatile repertoire is widely used by cells to direct their response to external stimuli, regulate transcription and protein localization and to keep proteostasis. Herein, post-translational modifications with evident potency to drive prostate cancer are explored. A comprehensive list of proteome-wide and single protein post-translational modifications and their involvement in phenotypic outcomes is presented. Specifically, the data on phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation in prostate cancer and the enzymes involved are collected. This type of knowledge is especially valuable in cases when cancer cells do not differ in the expression or mutational status of a protein, but its differential activity is regulated on the level of post-translational modifications. Since their driving roles in prostate cancer, post-translational modifications are widely studied in attempts to advance prostate cancer treatment. Current strategies that exploit the potential of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Chen Y, Hu W, Wang Y, Li Y, Li X, Li H, Tang Y, Zhang L, Dong Y, Yang X, Wei Y, Dong S. A selected small molecule prevents inflammatory osteolysis through restraining osteoclastogenesis by modulating PTEN activity. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e240. [PMID: 33377656 PMCID: PMC7708775 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory osteolysis is a severe infectious bone disorder that occurs during orthopaedic surgery and is caused by disruptions in the dynamic balance of bone matrix homeostasis, which makes this condition a burden on surgical procedures. Developing novel therapeutic drugs about inhibiting excessive osteoclastogenesis acts as an efficient approach to preventing inflammatory bone destruction. METHODS To study this, we explored the potential effects and mechanisms of compound 17 on inflammatory osteolysis in vitro. Meanwhile, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced calvarial osteolysis mouse model was used to evaluate the protective effect of compound 17 on inflammatory bone destruction in vivo. RESULTS In our study, we found that compound 17 could inhibit osteoclast (OC) differentiation and bone resorption during RANKL and LPS stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, while compounds 5 and 13 did not have the same effects. Mechanistically, compound 17 promoted phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) activity by reducing PTEN ubiquitination, thereby restraining the RANKL-induced NF-κB pathway, resulting in the inhibition of the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes and the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, we also investigated whether compound 17 could negatively modulate macrophage polarization and repolarization due to its anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, compound 17 also plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. In vivo experiments showed that compound 17 could effectively protect mice from LPS-induced inflammatory bone destruction by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results show that compound 17 might play protective role in inflammatory bone destruction through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. These findings imply a possible role of compound 17 in inflammatory osteolysis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Yuheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Haibo Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of PharmacyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Yutong Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Xiaochao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
| | - Ye Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest UniversityChongqingPR China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingPR China
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12
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Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) of Japanese Flounder-Its Regulation by miRNA and Role in Autophagy, Apoptosis and Pathogen Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207725. [PMID: 33086544 PMCID: PMC7589652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with important roles in diverse biological processes including immunity. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an aquaculture fish species susceptible to the infection of bacterial and viral pathogens including Edwardsiella tarda. In a previous study, pol-miR-novel_547, a novel miRNA of flounder with unknown function, was found to be induced by E. tarda. In the present study, we investigated the regulation and function of pol-miR-novel_547 and its target gene. We found that pol-miR-novel_547 was regulated differently by E. tarda and the viral pathogen megalocytivirus, and pol-miR-novel_547 repressed the expression of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) of flounder (PoPTEN). PoPTEN is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues of flounder and responded to bacterial and viral infections. Interference with PoPTEN expression in flounder cells directly or via pol-miR-novel_547 promoted E. tarda invasion. Consistently, in vivo knockdown of PoPTEN enhanced E. tarda dissemination in flounder tissues, whereas in vivo overexpression of PoPTEN attenuated E. tarda dissemination but facilitated megalocytivirus replication. Further in vitro and in vivo studies showed that PoPTEN affected autophagy activation via the AKT/mTOR pathway and also modulated the process of apoptosis. Together these results reveal for the first time a critical role of fish PTEN and its regulatory miRNA in pathogen infection, autophagy, and apoptosis.
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13
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Kato T, Yamada T, Nakamura H, Igarashi A, Anders RA, Sesaki H, Iijima M. The Loss of Nuclear PTEN Increases Tumorigenesis in a Preclinical Mouse Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. iScience 2020; 23:101548. [PMID: 33083717 PMCID: PMC7516300 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene is highly mutated in many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The PTEN protein is located at different subcellular regions-PTEN at the plasma membrane suppresses PI3-kinase signaling in cell growth, whereas PTEN in the nucleus maintains genome integrity. Here, using nuclear PTEN-deficient mice, we analyzed the role of PTEN in the nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma that is induced by carcinogen and oxidative stress-producing hepatotoxin. Upon oxidative stress, PTEN was accumulated in the nucleus of the liver, and this accumulation promoted repair of DNA damage in wild-type mice. In contrast, nuclear PTEN-deficient mice had increased DNA damage and accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma formation. Both basal and oxidative stress-induced localization of PTEN in the nucleus require ubiquitination of lysine 13 in PTEN. Taken together, these data suggest the critical role of nuclear PTEN in the protection from DNA damage and tumorigenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Igarashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A. Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding author
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14
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Zheng C, Tang F, Min L, Hornicek F, Duan Z, Tu C. PTEN in osteosarcoma: Recent advances and the therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188405. [PMID: 32827577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, predominantly occurring in children and adolescents. Despite treated with surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, osteosarcoma has a high potential of local recurrence and lung metastasis. Overall survival rates for osteosarcoma have plateaued in the past four decades, therefore, identification of novel targets and development of more effective treatment strategies are urgent. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Over half of clinical osteosarcoma samples presented loss or low expression of PTEN, which usually indicated an advanced stage of tumor and a poor prognosis. The expression of PTEN is regulated by epigenetic silence, transcription regulation, post-translational modifications, and protein interactions in osteosarcoma. Therefore, explicating regulations to restore the anti-tumor function of PTEN might provide novel targeted therapies for osteosarcoma. Preclinical evidence suggested directly targeting the altered PTEN in osteosarcoma was promising. Current clinical application of PTEN related therapies in osteosarcoma are PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, and these drugs have shown the favorable efficacy in patients with advanced osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6902, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6902, USA.
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Chen L, Liu S, Tao Y. Regulating tumor suppressor genes: post-translational modifications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:90. [PMID: 32532965 PMCID: PMC7293209 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes cooperate with each other in tumors. Three important tumor suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, phosphatase, and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) are functionally associated and they regulated by post-translational modification (PTMs) as well. PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, and other novel modifications becoming growing appreciated. Because most of PTMs are reversible, normal cells use them as a switch to control the state of cells being the resting or proliferating, and PTMs also involve in cell survival and cell cycle, which may lead to abnormal proliferation and tumorigenesis. Although a lot of studies focus on the importance of each kind of PTM, further discoveries shows that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) form a complex "network" by the interaction of modification. Recently, there are several promising strategies for TSGs for they change more frequently than carcinogenic genes in cancers. We here review the necessity, characteristics, and mechanisms of each kind of post-translational modification on Rb, p53, PTEN, and its influence on the precise and selective function. We also discuss the current antitumoral therapies of Rb, p53 and PTEN as predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
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16
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Wong CW, Wang Y, Liu T, Li L, Cheung SKK, Or PMY, Cheng ASL, Choy KW, Burbach JPH, Feng B, Chang RCC, Chan AM. Autism-associated PTEN missense mutation leads to enhanced nuclear localization and neurite outgrowth in an induced pluripotent stem cell line. FEBS J 2020; 287:4848-4861. [PMID: 32150788 PMCID: PMC7754348 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutation in the PTEN gene is the genetic basis of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome with the affected individuals harboring features of autism spectrum disorders. Characterizing a panel of 14 autism‐associated PTEN missense mutations revealed reduced protein stability, catalytic activity, and subcellular distribution. Nine out of 14 (64%) PTEN missense mutants had reduced protein expression with most mutations confined to the C2 domain. Selected mutants displayed enhanced polyubiquitination and shortened protein half‐life, but that did not appear to involve the polyubiquitination sites at lysine residues at codon 13 or 289. Analyzing their intrinsic lipid phosphatase activities revealed that 78% (11 out of 14) of these mutants had twofold to 10‐fold reduction in catalytic activity toward phosphatidylinositol phosphate substrates. Analyzing the subcellular localization of the PTEN missense mutants showed that 64% (nine out of 14) had altered nuclear‐to‐cytosol ratios with four mutants (G44D, H123Q, E157G, and D326N) showing greater nuclear localization. The E157G mutant was knocked‐in to an induced pluripotent stem cell line and recapitulated a similar nuclear targeting preference. Furthermore, iPSCs expressing the E157G mutant were more proliferative at the neural progenitor cell stage but exhibited more extensive dendritic outgrowth. In summary, the combination of biological changes in PTEN is expected to contribute to the behavioral and cellular features of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wai Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lisha Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Penelope Mei-Yu Or
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Johannes Peter Henri Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew M Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Lu H, Chen W, Liu W, Si Y, Zhao T, Lai X, Kang Z, Sun X, Guo Z. Molecular hydrogen regulates PTEN-AKT-mTOR signaling via ROS to alleviate peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:4134-4146. [PMID: 31930571 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901981r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a convenient, effective and economical kidney replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), peritoneal dialysis is available in approximately 11% of ESRD patients worldwide. However, long-term peritoneal dialysis treatment causes peritoneal fibrosis. In recent years, the application potential of molecular hydrogen in the biomedicine has been well recognized. Molecular hydrogen selectively scavenges cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acts as an antioxidant. In this experiment, a high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis mouse model was successfully established by intraperitoneal injection of high glucose peritoneal dialysate, and peritoneal fibrosis mice were treated with hydrogen-rich peritoneal dialysate. In addition, in vitro studies of high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis were performed using MeT-5A cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that molecular hydrogen could inhibit peritoneal fibrosis progress induced by high glucose effectively. Furthermore, it has been found that molecular hydrogen alleviate fibrosis by eliminating intracellular ROS and inhibiting the activation of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. The present data proposes that molecular hydrogen exerts the capacity of anti-peritoneal fibrosis through the ROS/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, molecule hydrogen is a potential, safe, and effective treatment agent, with peritoneal protective property and great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yachen Si
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Kang
- Shanghai Huikang Hydrogen Medical Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Pulido R, Mingo J, Gaafar A, Nunes-Xavier CE, Luna S, Torices L, Angulo JC, López JI. Precise Immunodetection of PTEN Protein in Human Neoplasia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a036293. [PMID: 31501265 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a major tumor-suppressor protein whose expression and biological activity are frequently diminished in sporadic or inherited cancers. PTEN gene deletion or loss-of-function mutations favor tumor cell growth and are commonly found in clinical practice. In addition, diminished PTEN protein expression is also frequently observed in tumor samples from cancer patients in the absence of PTEN gene alterations. This makes PTEN protein levels a potential biomarker parameter in clinical oncology, which can guide therapeutic decisions. The specific detection of PTEN protein can be achieved by using highly defined anti-PTEN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), characterized with precision in terms of sensitivity for the detection technique, specificity for PTEN binding, and constraints of epitope recognition. This is especially relevant taking into consideration that PTEN is highly targeted by mutations and posttranslational modifications, and different PTEN protein isoforms exist. The precise characterization of anti-PTEN mAb reactivity is an important step in the validation of these reagents as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical oncology, including their routine use in analytical immunohistochemistry (IHC). Here, we review the current status on the use of well-defined anti-PTEN mAbs for PTEN immunodetection in the clinical context and discuss their potential usefulness and limitations for a more precise cancer diagnosis and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Ayman Gaafar
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Sandra Luna
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Leire Torices
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Madrid 28904, Spain.,Clinical Department, European University of Madrid, Laureate Universities, Madrid 28904, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
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19
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Meng J, Zhang W, Wang C, Zhang W, Zhou C, Jiang G, Hong J, Yan S, Yan W. Catalpol suppresses osteoclastogenesis and attenuates osteoclast-derived bone resorption by modulating PTEN activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113715. [PMID: 31751538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of osteoclast activity is responsible for many bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, periprosthetic osteolysis, and periodontitis. Natural compounds that inhibit osteoclast formation and/or function have therapeutic potential for treating these diseases. Catalpol, a bioactive iridoid extracted from a traditional herbal medicine Rehmannia glutinosa, exhibits various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects. However, its effects on osteoclast formation and function remain unknown. In the present study, we showed that catalpol inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption, as well as the expression of osteoclast-related marker genes. The investigation of molecular mechanisms showed that catalpol upregulated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) activity by reducing its ubiquitination and degradation, subsequently suppressing RANKL-induced NF-κB and AKT signaling pathways, leading to an inhibition on NFATc1 induction. Furthermore, catalpol protected mice against inflammation- and ovariectomy-induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity in vivo. These results suggest that catalpol might be developed as a promising candidate for treating osteoclast-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Weiqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Ali R, Alabdullah M, Miligy I, Normatova M, Babaei-Jadidi R, Nateri AS, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. ATM Regulated PTEN Degradation Is XIAP E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mediated in p85α Deficient Cancer Cells and Influence Platinum Sensitivity. Cells 2019; 8:E1271. [PMID: 31635307 PMCID: PMC6848936 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telegiectasia mutated (ATM), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and p85α are key tumour suppressors. Whether ATM regulates PTEN expression and influence platinum sensitivity is unknown. We generated ATM knockdowns (KD) and CRISPR knock outs (KO) in glioblastoma (LN18, LN229) and ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3, OVCAR4). Doxycycline inducible PTEN expression was generated in LN18 and LN229 cells. Transient KD of p85α, CK2, and XIAP was accomplished using siRNAs. Stable p85α knock-in was isolated in LN18 cells. Molecular biology assays included proteasome activity assays, PCR, flow cytometry analysis (cell cycle, double strand break accumulation, apoptosis), immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, clonogenic, invasion, migration, and 3D neurosphere assays. The clinicopathological significance of ATM, PTEN, p85α, and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) was evaluated in 525 human ovarian cancers using immunohistochemistry. ATM regulated PTEN is p85α dependant. ATM also controls CK2α level which in turn phosphorylates and stabilizes PTEN. In addition, p85α physically interacts with CK2α and protects CK2α from ATM regulated degradation. ATM deficiency resulted in accumulation of XIAP/p-XIAP levels which ubiquitinated PTEN and CK2α thereby directing them to degradation. ATM depletion in the context of p85α deficiency impaired cancer cell migration and invasion reduced 3D-neurosphere formation and increased toxicity to cisplatin chemotherapy. Increased sensitivity to platinum was associated with DNA double strand breaks accumulation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of autophagy. In ovarian cancer patients, ATM, PTEN, p85α, and XIAP protein levels predicted better progression free survival after platinum therapy. We unravel a previously unknown function of ATM in the regulation of PTEN throμgh XIAP mediated proteasome degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ali
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Muslim Alabdullah
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Islam Miligy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Makhliyo Normatova
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Roya Babaei-Jadidi
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
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21
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Multifaceted Regulation of PTEN Subcellular Distributions and Biological Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091247. [PMID: 31454965 PMCID: PMC6770588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently found to be inactivated in over 30% of human cancers. PTEN encodes a 54-kDa lipid phosphatase that serves as a gatekeeper of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway involved in the promotion of multiple pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Although the PTEN protein plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, cumulative evidence has implicated it as a key signaling molecule in several other diseases as well, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. This finding suggests that diverse cell types, especially differentiated cells, express PTEN. At the cellular level, PTEN is widely distributed in all subcellular compartments and organelles. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic compartment, not the plasma membrane, is the predominant subcellular location of PTEN. More recently, the finding of a secreted 'long' isoform of PTEN and the presence of PTEN in the cell nucleus further revealed unexpected biological functions of this multifaceted molecule. At the regulatory level, PTEN activity, stability, and subcellular distribution are modulated by a fascinating array of post-translational modification events, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Dysregulation of these regulatory mechanisms has been observed in various human diseases. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge gained in the last decade on how different functional domains of PTEN regulate its biological functions, with special emphasis on its subcellular distribution. This review also highlights the findings of published studies that have reported how mutational alterations in specific PTEN domains can lead to pathogenesis in humans.
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22
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Ma J, Benitez JA, Li J, Miki S, Ponte de Albuquerque C, Galatro T, Orellana L, Zanca C, Reed R, Boyer A, Koga T, Varki NM, Fenton TR, Nagahashi Marie SK, Lindahl E, Gahman TC, Shiau AK, Zhou H, DeGroot J, Sulman EP, Cavenee WK, Kolodner RD, Chen CC, Furnari FB. Inhibition of Nuclear PTEN Tyrosine Phosphorylation Enhances Glioma Radiation Sensitivity through Attenuated DNA Repair. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:504-518.e7. [PMID: 30827889 PMCID: PMC6424615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy are standard-of-care treatments for glioblastoma (GBM) patients and both result in DNA damage, however, the clinical efficacy is limited due to therapeutic resistance. We identified a mechanism of such resistance mediated by phosphorylation of PTEN on tyrosine 240 (pY240-PTEN) by FGFR2. pY240-PTEN is rapidly elevated and bound to chromatin through interaction with Ki-67 in response to IR treatment and facilitates the recruitment of RAD51 to promote DNA repair. Blocking Y240 phosphorylation confers radiation sensitivity to tumors and extends survival in GBM preclinical models. Y240F-Pten knockin mice showed radiation sensitivity. These results suggest that FGFR-mediated pY240-PTEN is a key mechanism of radiation resistance and is an actionable target for improving radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Ma
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Jorge A Benitez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Claudio Ponte de Albuquerque
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Thais Galatro
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, LIM15, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Orellana
- Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Stockholm, Sweden; Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Department of Theoretical Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ciro Zanca
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Rachel Reed
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Antonia Boyer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Nissi M Varki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tim R Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, LIM15, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Studies of Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NAP-NETCEM-NUCEL), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Stockholm, Sweden; Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Department of Theoretical Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy C Gahman
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - John DeGroot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Translational Molecular Pathology, and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard D Kolodner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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23
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Liu X, Wang L, Cai J, Liu K, Liu M, Wang H, Zhang H. N-acetylcysteine alleviates H2O2-induced damage via regulating the redox status of intracellular antioxidants in H9c2 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:199-208. [PMID: 30387809 PMCID: PMC6257848 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol-containing antioxidant that modulates the intracellular redox state. NAC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, in order to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress. The present study aimed to determine whether NAC protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage by regulating the redox status of intracellular antioxidant proteins. The results revealed that NAC pretreatment increased cell viability and inhibited the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9 during hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, decreased ROS levels, and increased total and reduced GSH levels were detected in response to NAC pretreatment. Non-reducing redox western blotting was performed to detect the redox status of intracellular antioxidant proteins, including thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), GSH reductase (GSR), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The results revealed that the reduced form of Trx1 was markedly increased, and the oxidized forms of Prx1, GSR and PTEN were decreased following NAC pretreatment. Furthermore, NAC pretreatment decreased H2O2-induced phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, which depends on the redox state of Trx1, and increased H2O2-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B, which is essential to cell survival. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to reveal that NAC pretreatment may alleviate oxidation of intracellular antioxidant proteins to inhibit oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jiaodi Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Meidong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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24
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Gallardo-Vera F, Tapia-Rodriguez M, Diaz D, Fortoul van der Goes T, Montaño LF, Rendón-Huerta EP. Vanadium pentoxide increased PTEN and decreased SHP1 expression in NK-92MI cells, affecting PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras-MAPK pathways. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 15:1-11. [PMID: 29228829 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1404662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is an air pollutant that imparts immunosuppressive effects on NK cell immune responses, in part, by dysregulating interleukin (IL)-2/IL-2R-mediated JAK signaling pathways and inducing apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) on other IL-2 receptor-mediated signaling pathways, i.e. PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras-MAPK. Here, IL-2-independent NK-92MI cells were exposed to different V2O5 doses for 24 h periods. Expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, ERK1/2, MEK1, PTEN, SHP1, BAD and phosphorylated forms, as well as caspases-3, -8, -9, BAX and BAK in/on the cells were then determined by flow cytometry. The results show that V2O5 was cytotoxic to NK cells in a dose-related manner. Exposure increased BAD and pBAD expression and decreased that of BAK and BAX, but cell death was not related to caspase activation. At 400 µM V2O5, expression of PI3K-p85 regulatory subunit increased 20% and pPI3K 50%, while that of the non-pPI3K 110α catalytic subunit decreased by 20%. At 200 μM, V2O5 showed significant decrease in non-pAkt expression (p < 0.05); the decrease in pAkt expression was significant at 100 μM. Non-pmTOR expression displayed a significant downward trend beginning at 100 μM. Expressions of pMEK-1/2 and pERK-1/2 increased substantially at 200 μM V2O5. No differences were found with non-phosphorylated ERK-1/2. PTEN expression increased significantly at 100 μM V2O5 exposure whereas pPTEN decreased by 18% at 25 μM V2O5 concentrations, but remained unchanged thereafter. Lastly, V2O5 at all doses decreased SHP1 expression and increased expression of its phosphorylated form. These results indicated a toxic effect of V2O5 on NK cells that was due in part to dysregulation of signaling pathways mediated by IL-2 via increased PTEN and decreased SHP1 expression. These results can help to explain some of the known deleterious effects of this particular form of vanadium on innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gallardo-Vera
- a Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM , Mexico City , México
| | - Miguel Tapia-Rodriguez
- b Unidad de Microscopia , Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM , Mexico City , México
| | - Daniel Diaz
- c Facultad de Ciencias , UNAM , Mexico City , México
| | - Teresa Fortoul van der Goes
- a Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM , Mexico City , México
| | - Luis F Montaño
- a Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM , Mexico City , México
| | - Erika P Rendón-Huerta
- a Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM , Mexico City , México
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25
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Khalifeh-Soltani A, Gupta D, Ha A, Podolsky MJ, Datta R, Atabai K. The Mfge8-α8β1-PTEN pathway regulates airway smooth muscle contraction in allergic inflammation. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800109R. [PMID: 29763381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800109r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma affects ∼300 million people worldwide. Despite multiple treatment options, asthma treatment remains unsatisfactory in a subset of patients. Airway obstruction is a hallmark of allergic asthma and is largely due to airway smooth muscle hypercontractility induced by airway inflammation. Identification of molecular pathways that regulate airway smooth muscle hypercontractility is of considerable therapeutic interest. We previously identified roles for milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-like 8 (Mfge8) in opposing the effects of allergic inflammation on increasing airway smooth muscle contractile force. In this study, we delineate the signaling pathway by which Mfge8 mediates these effects. By using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we show that the α8β1 integrin and the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mediate the effects of Mfge8 on preventing IL-13-induced increases in airway contractility. Tracheal rings from mice with smooth muscle-specific deletion of α8β1 or PTEN have enhanced contraction in response to treatment with IL-13. Enhanced IL-13-induced tracheal ring contraction in Mfge8-/- mice was abolished by treatment with the PI3K inhibitor. Mechanistically, IL-13 induces ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN protein. Our findings identify a role for the Mfge8-α8β1-PTEN pathway in regulating the force of airway smooth muscle contraction in the setting of allergic inflammation.-Khalifeh-Soltani, A., Gupta, D., Ha, A., Podolsky, M. J., Datta, R., Atabai, K. The Mfge8-α8β1-PTEN pathway regulates airway smooth muscle contraction in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Khalifeh-Soltani
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepti Gupta
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arnold Ha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael J Podolsky
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; and
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ritwik Datta
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; and
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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26
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Igarashi A, Itoh K, Yamada T, Adachi Y, Kato T, Murata D, Sesaki H, Iijima M. Nuclear PTEN deficiency causes microcephaly with decreased neuronal soma size and increased seizure susceptibility. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9292-9300. [PMID: 29735527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are associated with neurological disorders and tumors. PTEN functions at two primary intracellular locations: the plasma membrane and the nucleus. At the membrane, PTEN functions as a phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate phosphatase and suppresses PI 3-kinase signaling that drives cell growth and tumorigenesis. However, the in vivo function of nuclear PTEN is unclear. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated a mouse model in which PTEN levels in the nucleus are decreased. Nuclear PTEN-deficient mice were born with microcephaly and maintained a small brain during adulthood. The size of neuronal soma was significantly smaller in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. Also, these mice were prone to seizure. No changes in PI 3-kinase signaling were observed. By contrast, the size of other organs was unaffected. Therefore, nuclear PTEN is essential for the health of the brain by promoting the growth of neuronal soma size during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Igarashi
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kie Itoh
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Yoshihiro Adachi
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Takashi Kato
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Daisuke Murata
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Miho Iijima
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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27
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Dai F, Xuan Y, Jin JJ, Yu S, Long ZW, Cai H, Liu XW, Zhou Y, Wang YN, Chen Z, Huang H. CtBP2 overexpression promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion in gastric cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28736-28749. [PMID: 28404932 PMCID: PMC5438687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding protein-2 (CtBP2), a transcriptional corepressor, has been reported to correlate with tumorigenesis and progression and predict a poor prognosis in several human cancers. However, few studies on CtBP2 in gastric cancer (GC) have been performed. In this research, we evaluated the correlations between CtBP2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as prognosis of GC patients. The effects of silencing CtBP2 expression on GC cells biology activity were also assessed. The results showed that CtBP2 was overexpressed in GC tissues and closely correlated with poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in GC patients. CtBP2 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and repressed PTEN to increase proliferation rate, migration, and invasion in GC cells. Silencing CtBP2 inhibited GC growth in nude mice model. In conclusion, CtBP2 is overexpressed in GC and may accelerate GC tumorigenesis and metastasis, which could represent an independent prognostic marker and promising therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxiang Dai
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Xuan
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie-Jie Jin
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengjia Yu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Wen Long
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Nong Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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McLoughlin NM, Mueller C, Grossmann TN. The Therapeutic Potential of PTEN Modulation: Targeting Strategies from Gene to Protein. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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Huang F, Zhao JL, Wang L, Gao CC, Liang SQ, An DJ, Bai J, Chen Y, Han H, Qin HY. miR-148a-3p Mediates Notch Signaling to Promote the Differentiation and M1 Activation of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1327. [PMID: 29085372 PMCID: PMC5650608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway plays critical roles in the differentiation and polarized activation of macrophages; however, the downstream molecular mechanisms underlying Notch activity in macrophages remain elusive. Our previous study has identified a group of microRNAs that mediate Notch signaling to regulate macrophage activation and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we demonstrated that miR-148a-3p functions as a novel downstream molecule of Notch signaling to promote the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Meanwhile, miR-148a-3p promoted M1 and inhibited M2 polarization of macrophages upon Notch activation. Macrophages overexpressing miR-148a-3p exhibited enhanced ability to engulf and kill bacteria, which was mediated by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further studies using reporter assay and Western blotting identified Pten as a direct target gene of miR-148a-3p in macrophages. Macrophages overexpressing miR-148a-3p increased their ROS production through the PTEN/AKT pathway, likely to defend against bacterial invasion. Moreover, miR-148a-3p also enhanced M1 macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory responses through PTEN/AKT-mediated upregulation of NF-κB signaling. In summary, our data establish a novel molecular mechanism by which Notch signaling promotes monocyte differentiation and M1 macrophage activation through miR-148a-3p, and suggest that miR-148a-3p-modified monocytes or macrophages are potential new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Jie An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Ma Q, Wu X, Wu J, Wu H, Xiao Y, Wang L, Liang Z, Liu T. PDZ-containing 1 acts as a suppressor of pancreatic cancer by regulating PTEN phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72893-72909. [PMID: 29069834 PMCID: PMC5641177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a recently established cause of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene inactivation, which leads to defect tumour-suppressor function. In pancreatic cancer, this phenomenon has not been reported. Based on database and clinical sample analyses, we found that PTEN phosphorylation occurs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient tissues and cell lines, and we aimed to find a method for dephosphorylation. PDZ-containing 1 (PDZK1), a tumour-associated protein that shares its PDZ-binding sequence with the carboxyl-terminal domain of PTEN, was significantly down-regulated in pancreatic cancer as compared to adjacent non-tumour tissues. In vitro, PDZK1 overexpression reversed the proliferation and migration abilities of pancreatic cancer cells and led to significantly decreased PTEN phosphorylation and AKT phosphorylation by interacting with wild-type PTEN. In addition, a transcription factor-activation assay supported that PDZK1 overexpression enhanced the anti-oncogene function of PTEN by regulating the activities of its downstream transcription factors, including p53, NF-κB, and FOXO1. In vivo, nude mice stably over-expressing PDZK1 had lower tumour weights and volumes and showed significantly down-regulated PTEN phosphorylation in xenograft tumour tissues as compared to the control group. Moreover, low PDZK1 expression strongly correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, our study elucidated the tumour-suppressor role of PDZK1 in pancreatic cancer through down-regulating PTEN phosphorylation, and established PDZK1 as a potential novel prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Beijing Huairou Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 101400, P.R. China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
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31
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Kim JH, Lee H, Shin EA, Kim DH, Choi JB, Kim SH. Implications of Bcl-2 and its interplay with other molecules and signaling pathways in prostate cancer progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:911-920. [PMID: 28816549 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1369044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among several genetic alterations involved in the progression of prostate cancer, B cell lymphoma gene number 2 (BCL-2) is an important target molecule in the progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) after androgen ablation or castration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of BCL-2 in prostate cancer progression remains elusive and controversial. In the current review, we discuss the critical role of BCL-2 in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer with experimental evidences on the BCL-2 molecular networks in AIPC and androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) and subsequently suggest perspective research targeting BCL-2. Areas covered: This review focused on the molecular implications of BCL-2 in association with other molecules and signaling pathways involved in the progression and carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. Expert opinion: BCL-2 plays a pivotal role in the progression of AIPC than in ADPC since androgen represses BCL-2. BCL-2 acts as a pro-survival molecule in association with androgen-related signaling in the progression of ADPC, while BCL-2 upregulation, PTEN loss, PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation are primarily involved in AIPC. To identify more effective prostate cancer therapy, further mechanistic studies are required with BCL-2 inhibitors in AIPC and ADPC, considering a multi-target therapy against BCL-2 and its related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Jhin Baek Choi
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
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The functions of tumor suppressor PTEN in innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:581-589. [PMID: 28603282 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a lipid and protein phosphatase that is able to antagonize the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibit tumor growth. PTEN also possesses phosphatase-independent functions. Genetic alterations of PTEN may lead to the deregulation of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, energy metabolism and cellular architecture and mobility. Although the role of PTEN in tumor suppression is extensively documented and well established, the evidence for its roles in immunity did not start to accumulate until recently. In this review, we will focus on the newly discovered functions of PTEN in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, including antiviral responses.
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Wang X, Hang Y, Liu J, Hou Y, Wang N, Wang M. Anticancer effect of curcumin inhibits cell growth through miR-21/PTEN/Akt pathway in breast cancer cell. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4825-4831. [PMID: 28599484 PMCID: PMC5452995 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from turmeric, which that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Curcumin has numerous effects, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidative and antimicrobial effects. However, the effects of curcumin on human breast cancer cells remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effects and the mechanisms by which curcumin affects breast cancer cells. The anticancer effect of curcumin on cell viability and cytotoxicity on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was detected using flow cytometry, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindolestaining assay and caspase-3/9 activity kits. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression in MCF-7 cells. The protein expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phospho-protein kinase B (pAkt) was determined by western blot analysis. miR-21 was transfected into MCF-7 cells and the anticancer effect of curcumin on cell viability and the expression of PTEN and pAkt was analyzed. The present results demonstrated that curcumin inhibited cell viability and induced cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, by inducing apoptosis and increasing caspase-3/9 activities. In addition, curcumin downregulated miR-21 expression in MCF-7 cells by upregulating the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. The present study has for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, revealed the anticancer effect of curcumin in suppressing breast cancer cell growth, and has elucidated that the miR-21/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway is a key mechanism for the anticancer effects of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzheng Wang
- Department III of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Yakai Hang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- Department III of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Hou
- Department III of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department III of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department III of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
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PTEN status is a crucial determinant of the functional outcome of combined MEK and mTOR inhibition in cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43013. [PMID: 28220839 PMCID: PMC5318947 DOI: 10.1038/srep43013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined MAPK/PI3K pathway inhibition represents an attractive, albeit toxic, therapeutic strategy in oncology. Since PTEN lies at the intersection of these two pathways, we investigated whether PTEN status determines the functional response to combined pathway inhibition. PTEN (gene, mRNA, and protein) status was extensively characterized in a panel of cancer cell lines and combined MEK/mTOR inhibition displayed highly synergistic pharmacologic interactions almost exclusively in PTEN-loss models. Genetic manipulation of PTEN status confirmed a mechanistic role for PTEN in determining the functional outcome of combined pathway blockade. Proteomic analysis showed greater phosphoproteomic profile modification(s) in response to combined MEK/mTOR inhibition in PTEN-loss contexts and identified JAK1/STAT3 activation as a potential mediator of synergistic interactions. Overall, our results show that PTEN-loss is a crucial determinant of synergistic interactions between MAPK and PI3K pathway inhibitors, potentially exploitable for the selection of cancer patients at the highest chance of benefit from combined therapeutic strategies.
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A Transformation-Defective Polyomavirus Middle T Antigen with a Novel Defect in PI3 Kinase Signaling. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01774-16. [PMID: 27852846 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01774-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle T antigen (MT), the principal oncoprotein of murine polyomavirus, transforms by association with cellular proteins. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), YAP, Src family tyrosine kinases, Shc, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) have all been implicated in MT transformation. Mutant dl1015, with deletion of residues 338 to 347 in the C-terminal region, has been an enigma, because the basis for its transformation defect has not been apparent. This work probes the dl1015 region of MT. Because the region is proline rich, the hypothesis that it targets Src homology domain 3 (SH3) domains was tested, but mutation of the putative SH3 binding motif did not affect transformation. During this work, two point mutants, W348R and E349K, were identified as transformation defective. Extensive analysis of the E349K mutant is described here. Similar to wild-type MT, the E349K mutant associates with PP2A, YAP, tyrosine kinases, Shc, PI3 kinase, and PLCγ1. The E349K mutant was examined to determine the mechanism for its transformation defect. Assays of cell localization and membrane targeting showed no obvious difference in localization. Src association was normal as assayed by in vitro kinase and MT phosphopeptide mapping. Shc activation was confirmed by its tyrosine phosphorylation. Association of type 1 PI3K with MT was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation, showing both PI3K subunits and in vitro activity. Nonetheless, expression of the mutants failed to lead to the activation of two known downstream targets of PI3K, Akt and Rac-1. Strikingly, despite normal association of the E349K mutant with PI3K, cells expressing the mutant failed to elevate phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) in mutant-expressing cells. These results indicate a novel unsuspected aspect to PI3K control. IMPORTANCE The gene coding for middle T antigen (MT) is the murine polyomavirus oncogene most responsible for tumor formation. Its study has a history of uncovering novel aspects of mammalian cell regulation. The importance of PI3K activity and tyrosine phosphorylation are two examples of insights coming from MT. This study describes new mutants unable to transform like the wild type that point to novel regulation of PI3K signaling. Previous mutants were defective in PI3K because they failed to bind the enzyme and bring the activity to the membrane. These mutants recruit PI3K activity like the wild type, but fail to elevate the cellular level of PIP3, the product used to signal downstream of PI3K. As a result, they fail to activate either Akt or Rac1, explaining the transformation defect.
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Golovko A, Kojukhov A, Guan BJ, Morpurgo B, Merrick WC, Mazumder B, Hatzoglou M, Komar AA. The eIF2A knockout mouse. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3115-3120. [PMID: 27686860 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1237324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2A (eIF2A) is a 65-kDa protein that was first identified in the early 1970s as a factor capable of stimulating initiator methionyl-tRNAi (Met-tRNAMeti) binding to 40S ribosomal subunits in vitro. However, in contrast to the eIF2, which stimulates Met-tRNAMeti binding to 40S ribosomal subunits in a GTP-dependent manner, eIF2A didn't reveal any GTP-dependence, but instead was found to direct binding of the Met-tRNAMeti to 40S ribosomal subunits in a codon-dependent manner. eIF2A appears to be highly conserved across eukaryotic species, suggesting conservation of function in evolution. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae eIF2A null mutant revealed no apparent phenotype, however, it was found that in yeast eIF2A functions as a suppressor of internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. It was thus suggested that eIF2A my act by impinging on the expression of specific mRNAs. Subsequent studies in mammalian cell systems implicated eIF2A in non-canonical (non-AUG-dependent) translation initiation events involving near cognate UUG and CUG codons. Yet, the role of eIF2A in cellular functions remains largely enigmatic. As a first step toward characterization of the eIF2A function in mammalian systems in vivo, we have obtained homozygous eIF2A-total knockout (KO) mice, in which a gene trap cassette was inserted between eIF2A exons 1 and 2 disrupting expression of all exons downstream of the insertion. The KO mice strain is viable and to date displays no apparent phenotype. We believe that the eIF2A KO mice strain will serve as a valuable tool for researchers studying non-canonical initiation of translation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Golovko
- a Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Artyom Kojukhov
- b Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- c Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Benjamin Morpurgo
- a Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine , College Station , TX , USA
| | - William C Merrick
- d Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Barsanjit Mazumder
- b Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- c Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Anton A Komar
- b Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University , Cleveland , OH , USA.,d Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.,e The Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University , Cleveland , OH , USA
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