1
|
Cwerman-Thibault H, Malko-Baverel V, Le Guilloux G, Ratcliffe E, Mouri D, Torres-Cuevas I, Millán I, Saubaméa B, Mignon V, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Gressens P, Corral-Debrinski M. Neuroglobin overexpression in cerebellar neurons of Harlequin mice improves mitochondrial homeostasis and reduces ataxic behavior. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2150-2175. [PMID: 38796706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin, a member of the globin superfamily, is abundant in the brain, retina, and cerebellum of mammals and localizes to mitochondria. The protein exhibits neuroprotective capacities by participating in electron transfer, oxygen supply, and protecting against oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine whether neuroglobin overexpression can be used to treat neurological disorders. We chose Harlequin mice, which harbor a retroviral insertion in the first intron of the apoptosis-inducing factor gene resulting in the depletion of the corresponding protein essential for mitochondrial biogenesis. Consequently, Harlequin mice display degeneration of the cerebellum and suffer from progressive blindness and ataxia. Cerebellar ataxia begins in Harlequin mice at the age of 4 months and is characterized by neuronal cell disappearance, bioenergetics failure, and motor and cognitive impairments, which aggravated with aging. Mice aged 2 months received adeno-associated viral vectors harboring the coding sequence of neuroglobin or apoptosis-inducing factor in both cerebellar hemispheres. Six months later, Harlequin mice exhibited substantial improvements in motor and cognitive skills; probably linked to the preservation of respiratory chain function, Purkinje cell numbers and connectivity. Thus, without sharing functional properties with apoptosis-inducing factor, neuroglobin was efficient in reducing ataxia in Harlequin mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Cwerman-Thibault
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Vassilissa Malko-Baverel
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Gwendoline Le Guilloux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Edward Ratcliffe
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Djmila Mouri
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Isabel Torres-Cuevas
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Millán
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Université Paris Cité, Platform of Cellular and Molecular Imaging (PICMO), US25 Inserm, UAR3612 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, UMR-S 1144 Inserm, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mignon
- Université Paris Cité, Platform of Cellular and Molecular Imaging (PICMO), US25 Inserm, UAR3612 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Service de Neurologie et Maladies métaboliques, CHU Paris - Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Marisol Corral-Debrinski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar A, Choudhary A, Munshi A. Epigenetic reprogramming of mtDNA and its etiology in mitochondrial diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01032-z. [PMID: 38865050 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial functionality and its regulation are tightly controlled through a balanced crosstalk between the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA interactions. Epigenetic signatures like methylation, hydroxymethylation and miRNAs have been reported in mitochondria. In addition, epigenetic signatures encoded by nuclear DNA are also imported to mitochondria and regulate the gene expression dynamics of the mitochondrial genome. Alteration in the interplay of these epigenetic modifications results in the pathogenesis of various disorders like neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disorders, cancer, aging and senescence. These modifications result in higher ROS production, increased mitochondrial copy number and disruption in the replication process. In addition, various miRNAs are associated with regulating and expressing important mitochondrial gene families like COX, OXPHOS, ND and DNMT. Epigenetic changes are reversible and therefore therapeutic interventions like changing the target modifications can be utilized to repair or prevent mitochondrial insufficiency by reversing the changed gene expression. Identifying these mitochondrial-specific epigenetic signatures has the potential for early diagnosis and treatment responses for many diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present review, different mitoepigenetic modifications have been discussed in association with the development of various diseases by focusing on alteration in gene expression and dysregulation of specific signaling pathways. However, this area is still in its infancy and future research is warranted to draw better conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anita Choudhary
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang H, Oo TT, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. An Updated Review of Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Against Cerebral Ischemia and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1865-1883. [PMID: 36595193 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the progress made in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, it remains a leading cause of adult disability and death. To date, the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke is the timely recanalization of the occluded artery. However, the short time window and reperfusion injury have greatly limited its application and efficacy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion have become regarded as being hallmarks of neuropathophysiology following ischemic stroke. Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel potential therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke that has sparked widespread concern during the past few years. This review summarizes and discusses the effects of mitochondrial transplantation in in vitro and in vivo ischemic stroke models. In addition, pharmacological interventions promoting mitochondrial transplantation are reviewed and discussed. We also discuss the potential challenges to the clinical application of mitochondrial transplantation in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huatuo Huang
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thura Tun Oo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mitochondrial Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster Models. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020378. [PMID: 36830747 PMCID: PMC9953451 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly-i.e., Drosophila melanogaster-has proven to be a very useful model for the understanding of basic physiological processes, such as development or ageing. The availability of straightforward genetic tools that can be used to produce engineered individuals makes this model extremely interesting for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic diseases in physiological models. Mitochondrial diseases are a group of yet-incurable genetic disorders characterized by the malfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), which is the highly conserved energy transformation system present in mitochondria. The generation of D. melanogaster models of mitochondrial disease started relatively recently but has already provided relevant information about the molecular mechanisms and pathological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we provide an overview of such models and highlight the relevance of D. melanogaster as a model to study mitochondrial disorders.
Collapse
|
5
|
Spiegel SJ, Sadun AA. Solutions to a Radical Problem: Overview of Current and Future Treatment Strategies in Leber's Hereditary Opic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13205. [PMID: 36361994 PMCID: PMC9656544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is the most common primary mitochondrial DNA disorder. It is characterized by bilateral severe central subacute vision loss due to specific loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells and their axons. Historically, treatment options have been quite limited, but ongoing clinical trials show promise, with significant advances being made in the testing of free radical scavengers and gene therapy. In this review, we summarize management strategies and rational of treatment based on current insights from molecular research. This includes preventative recommendations for unaffected genetic carriers, current medical and supportive treatments for those affected, and emerging evidence for future potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Spiegel
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Alfredo A. Sadun
- Jules Stein and Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stimulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis with Deoxyribonucleosides Increases Functional Capacity in ECHS1-Deficient Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012610. [PMID: 36293464 PMCID: PMC9604038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective treatments for mitochondrial disease has seen the development of new approaches, including those that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis to boost ATP production. Here, we examined the effects of deoxyribonucleosides (dNs) on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in Short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) ‘knockout’ (KO) cells, which exhibit combined defects in both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). DNs treatment increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and the expression of mtDNA-encoded transcripts in both CONTROL (CON) and ECHS1 KO cells. DNs treatment also altered global nuclear gene expression, with key gene sets including ‘respiratory electron transport’ and ‘formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling’ increased in both CON and ECHS1 KO cells. Genes involved in OXPHOS complex I biogenesis were also upregulated in both CON and ECHS1 KO cells following dNs treatment, with a corresponding increase in the steady-state levels of holocomplex I in ECHS1 KO cells. Steady-state levels of OXPHOS complex V, and the CIII2/CIV and CI/CIII2/CIV supercomplexes, were also increased by dNs treatment in ECHS1 KO cells. Importantly, treatment with dNs increased both basal and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption in ECHS1 KO cells when metabolizing either glucose or the fatty acid palmitoyl-L-carnitine. These findings highlight the ability of dNs to improve overall mitochondrial respiratory function, via the stimulation mitochondrial biogenesis, in the face of combined defects in OXPHOS and FAO due to ECHS1 deficiency.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gene Therapy for Mitochondrial Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061287. [PMID: 35745859 PMCID: PMC9231068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are a group of severe genetic disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome encoding proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. MDs have a wide range of symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunctions, with different clinical outcomes. The lack of natural history information, the limits of currently available preclinical models, and the wide range of phenotypic presentations seen in MD patients have all hampered the development of effective therapies. The growing number of pre-clinical and clinical trials over the last decade has shown that gene therapy is a viable precision medicine option for treating MD. However, several obstacles must be overcome, including vector design, targeted tissue tropism and efficient delivery, transgene expression, and immunotoxicity. This manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of gene therapy in MD, addressing the main challenges, the most feasible solutions, and the future perspectives of the field.
Collapse
|
8
|
Aldossary AM, Tawfik EA, Alomary MN, Alsudir SA, Alfahad AJ, Alshehri AA, Almughem FA, Mohammed RY, Alzaydi MM. Recent Advances in Mitochondrial Diseases: from Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Perspectives. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1065-1078. [PMID: 36164575 PMCID: PMC9508646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned cytoplasmic organelles that are responsible for the production of energy in eukaryotic cells. The process is completed through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by the respiratory chain (RC) in mitochondria. Thousands of mitochondria may be present in each cell, depending on the function of that cell. Primary mitochondria disorder (PMD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease associated with germline mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and/or nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes, and impairs mitochondrial structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be detected in early childhood and may be severe, progressive and often multi-systemic, involving a wide range of organs. Understanding epigenetic factors and pathways mutations can help pave the way for developing an effective cure. However, the lack of information about the disease (including age of onset, symptoms, clinical phenotype, morbidity and mortality), the limits of current preclinical models and the wide range of phenotypic presentations hamper the development of effective medicines. Although new therapeutic approaches have been introduced with encouraging preclinical and clinical outcomes, there is no definitive cure for PMD. This review highlights recent advances, particularly in children, in terms of etiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, molecular pathways and epigenetic alterations. Current therapeutic approaches, future advances and proposed new therapeutic plans will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sequiera GL, Srivastava A, Sareen N, Yan W, Alagarsamy KN, Verma E, Aghanoori MR, Aliani M, Kumar A, Fernyhough P, Rockman-Greenberg C, Dhingra S. Development of iPSC-based clinical trial selection platform for patients with ultrarare diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4370. [PMID: 35394834 PMCID: PMC8993122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A "Leap-of-Faith" approach is used to treat patients with previously unknown ultrarare pathogenic mutations, often based on evidence from patients having dissimilar but more prevalent mutations. This uncertainty reflects the need to develop personalized prescreening platforms for these patients to assess drug efficacy before considering clinical trial enrollment. In this study, we report an 18-year-old patient with ultrarare Leigh-like syndrome. This patient had previously participated in two clinical trials with unfavorable responses. We established an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based platform for this patient, and assessed the efficacy of a panel of drugs. The iPSC platform validated the safety and efficacy of the screened drugs. The efficacy of three of the screened drugs was also investigated in the patient. After 3 years of treatment, the drugs were effective in shifting the metabolic profile of this patient toward healthy control. Therefore, this personalized iPSC-based platform can act as a prescreening tool to help in decision-making with respect to patient's participation in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Lester Sequiera
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Weiang Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elika Verma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohamad Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernández-Cuervo H, Soundararajan R, Sidramagowda Patil S, Breitzig M, Alleyn M, Galam L, Lockey R, Uversky VN, Kolliputi N. BMI1 Silencing Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Hyperoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814510. [PMID: 35431986 PMCID: PMC9005903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI), characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates that restrict gas exchange, leads to respiratory failure. It is caused by an innate immune response with white blood cell infiltration of the lungs, release of cytokines, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and changes in mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial alterations, changes in respiration, ATP production and the unbalancing fusion and fission processes are key events in ALI pathogenesis and increase mitophagy. Research indicates that BMI1 (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1), a protein of the Polycomb repressive complex 1, is a cell cycle and survival regulator that plays a role in mitochondrial function. BMI1-silenced cultured lung epithelial cells were exposed to hyperoxia to determine the role of BMI1 in mitochondrial metabolism. Its expression significantly decreases in human lung epithelial cells (H441) following hyperoxic insult, as determined by western blot, Qrt-PCR, and functional analysis. This decrease correlates with an increase in mitophagy proteins, PINK1, Parkin, and DJ1; an increase in the expression of tumor suppressor PTEN; changes in the expression of mitochondrial biomarkers; and decreases in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and tricarboxylic acid enzyme activity. Our bioinformatics analysis suggested that the BMI1 multifunctionality is determined by its high level of intrinsic disorder that defines the ability of this protein to bind to numerous cellular partners. These results demonstrate a close relationship between BMI1 expression and mitochondrial health in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) and indicate that BMI1 is a potential therapeutic target to treat ALI and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hernández-Cuervo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ramani Soundararajan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sahebgowda Sidramagowda Patil
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mason Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Alleyn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Narasaiah Kolliputi,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hernández-Ainsa C, López-Gallardo E, García-Jiménez MC, Climent-Alcalá FJ, Rodríguez-Vigil C, García Fernández de Villalta M, Artuch R, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E, Emperador S. Development and characterization of cell models harbouring mtDNA deletions for in vitro study of Pearson syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049083. [PMID: 35191981 PMCID: PMC8906170 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearson syndrome is a rare multisystem disease caused by single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions (SLSMDs). The syndrome presents early in infancy and is mainly characterised by refractory sideroblastic anaemia. Prognosis is poor and treatment is supportive, thus the development of new models for the study of Pearson syndrome and new therapy strategies is essential. In this work, we report three different cell models carrying an SLMSD: fibroblasts, transmitochondrial cybrids and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). All studied models exhibited an aberrant mitochondrial ultrastructure and defective oxidative phosphorylation system function, showing a decrease in different parameters, such as mitochondrial ATP, respiratory complex IV activity and quantity or oxygen consumption. Despite this, iPSCs harbouring 'common deletion' were able to differentiate into three germ layers. Additionally, cybrid clones only showed mitochondrial dysfunction when heteroplasmy level reached 70%. Some differences observed among models may depend on their metabolic profile; therefore, we consider that these three models are useful for the in vitro study of Pearson syndrome, as well as for testing new specific therapies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hernández-Ainsa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Artuch
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Neonatalogy Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ertuglu L, Yildiz A, Gamboa J, Ikizler TA. Skeletal muscle energetics in patients with moderate to advanced kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:14-21. [PMID: 35108768 PMCID: PMC8816417 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as decrease in muscle function and mass, is common in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia. Patients with moderate to advanced CKD have decreased muscle mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity along with suppressed activity of various mitochondrial enzymes such as mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and pyruvate dehydrogenase, leading to impaired energy production. Other mitochondrial abnormalities found in this population include defective beta-oxidation of fatty acids and mitochondrial DNA mutations. These changes are noticeable from the early stages of CKD and correlate with severity of the disease. Damage induced by uremic toxins, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation has been implicated in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in CKD patients. Given that mitochondrial function is an important determinant of physical activity and performance, its modulation is a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia in patients with kidney disease. Coenzyme Q, nicotinamide, and cardiolipin-targeted peptides have been tested as therapeutic interventions in early studies. Aerobic exercise, a well-established strategy to improve muscle function and mass in healthy adults, is not as effective in patients with advanced kidney disease. This might be due to reduced expression or impaired activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Further studies are needed to broaden our understanding of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and to develop mitochondrial-targeted therapies for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lale Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abdulmecit Yildiz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Jorge Gamboa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T. Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Health Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Correspondence: T. Alp Ikizler Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, S-3223 Medical Center North, Nashville 37232, TN, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bakare AB, Lesnefsky EJ, Iyer S. Leigh Syndrome: A Tale of Two Genomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693734. [PMID: 34456746 PMCID: PMC8385445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, complex, and incurable early onset (typically infant or early childhood) mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part on the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the significant interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has made it particularly challenging to research and develop therapies. This review article discusses some of the advances that have been made in the field to date. While the prognosis is poor with no current substantial treatment options, multiple studies are underway to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome. With advances in available research tools leading to a better understanding of the mitochondria in health and disease, there is hope for novel treatment options in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mitochondria-Induced Immune Response as a Trigger for Neurodegeneration: A Pathogen from Within. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168523. [PMID: 34445229 PMCID: PMC8395232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between the mitochondrion and the ancestor of the eukaryotic cell allowed cellular complexity and supported life. Mitochondria have specialized in many key functions ensuring cell homeostasis and survival. Thus, proper communication between mitochondria and cell nucleus is paramount for cellular health. However, due to their archaebacterial origin, mitochondria possess a high immunogenic potential. Indeed, mitochondria have been identified as an intracellular source of molecules that can elicit cellular responses to pathogens. Compromised mitochondrial integrity leads to release of mitochondrial content into the cytosol, which triggers an unwanted cellular immune response. Mitochondrial nucleic acids (mtDNA and mtRNA) can interact with the same cytoplasmic sensors that are specialized in recognizing genetic material from pathogens. High-energy demanding cells, such as neurons, are highly affected by deficits in mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and chronic inflammation are concurrent events in many severe debilitating disorders. Interestingly in this context of pathology, increasing number of studies have detected immune-activating mtDNA and mtRNA that induce an aberrant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon effectors. Thus, this review provides new insights on mitochondria-driven inflammation as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and primary mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Epilepsy in Mitochondrial Diseases-Current State of Knowledge on Aetiology and Treatment. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070532. [PMID: 34206602 PMCID: PMC8303198 DOI: 10.3390/children8070532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from energy deficit and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production due to impaired oxidative phosphorylation. The manifestation of mitochondrial disease is usually multi-organ. Epilepsy is one of the most common manifestations of diseases resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in children. The onset of epilepsy is associated with poor prognosis, while its treatment is very challenging, which further adversely affects the course of these disorders. Fortunately, our knowledge of mitochondrial diseases is still growing, which gives hope for patients to improve their condition in the future. The paper presents the pathophysiology, clinical picture and treatment options for epilepsy in patients with mitochondrial disease.
Collapse
|
16
|
Klein IL, van de Loo KFE, Smeitink JAM, Janssen MCH, Kessels RPC, van Karnebeek CD, van der Veer E, Custers JAE, Verhaak CM. Cognitive functioning and mental health in mitochondrial disease: A systematic scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:57-77. [PMID: 33582231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are rare, heterogeneous, hereditary and progressive in nature. In addition to the serious somatic symptoms, patients with MD also experience problems regarding their cognitive functioning and mental health. We provide an overview of all published studies reporting on any aspect of cognitive functioning and/or mental health in patients with MD and their relatives. A total of 58 research articles and 45 case studies were included and critically reviewed. Cognitive impairments in multiple domains were reported. Mental disorders were frequently reported, especially depression and anxiety. Furthermore, most studies showed impairments in self-reported psychological functioning and high prevalence of mental health problems in (matrilineal) relatives. The included studies showed heterogeneity regarding patient samples, measurement instruments and reference groups, making comparisons cautious. Results highlight a high prevalence of cognitive impairments and mental disorders in patients with MD. Recommendations for further research as well as tailored patientcare with standardized follow-up are provided. Key gaps in the literature are identified, of which studies on natural history are of highest importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge-Lot Klein
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim F E van de Loo
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Khondrion BV, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, Postbus 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, d'n Herk 90, 5803 DN, Venray, the Netherlands
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elja van der Veer
- International Mito Patients Association, 2861 AD, Bergambacht, the Netherlands
| | - José A E Custers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne M Verhaak
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Amore G, Romagnoli M, Carbonelli M, Barboni P, Carelli V, La Morgia C. Therapeutic Options in Hereditary Optic Neuropathies. Drugs 2021; 81:57-86. [PMID: 33159657 PMCID: PMC7843467 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Options for the effective treatment of hereditary optic neuropathies have been a long time coming. The successful launch of the antioxidant idebenone for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), followed by its introduction into clinical practice across Europe, was an important step forward. Nevertheless, other options, especially for a variety of mitochondrial optic neuropathies such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA), are needed, and a number of pharmaceutical agents, acting on different molecular pathways, are currently under development. These include gene therapy, which has reached Phase III development for LHON, but is expected to be developed also for DOA, whilst most of the other agents (other antioxidants, anti-apoptotic drugs, activators of mitobiogenesis, etc.) are almost all at Phase II or at preclinical stage of research. Here, we review proposed target mechanisms, preclinical evidence, available clinical trials with primary endpoints and results, of a wide range of tested molecules, to give an overview of the field, also providing the landscape of future scenarios, including gene therapy, gene editing, and reproductive options to prevent transmission of mitochondrial DNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Amore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Romagnoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Carbonelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Carelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koňaříková E, Marković A, Korandová Z, Houštěk J, Mráček T. Current progress in the therapeutic options for mitochondrial disorders. Physiol Res 2020; 69:967-994. [PMID: 33129249 PMCID: PMC8549882 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders manifest enormous genetic and clinical heterogeneity - they can appear at any age, present with various phenotypes affecting any organ, and display any mode of inheritance. What mitochondrial diseases do have in common, is impairment of respiratory chain activity, which is responsible for more than 90% of energy production within cells. While diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders has been accelerated by introducing Next-Generation Sequencing techniques in recent years, the treatment options are still very limited. For many patients only a supportive or symptomatic therapy is available at the moment. However, decades of basic and preclinical research have uncovered potential target points and numerous compounds or interventions are now subjects of clinical trials. In this review, we focus on current and emerging therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of mitochondrial disorders. We focus on small compounds, metabolic interference, such as endurance training or ketogenic diet and also on genomic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Koňaříková
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology Czech Acad. Sci., Prague, Czech Republic. ,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
González-García P, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Mascaraque C, Barriocanal-Casado E, Bakkali M, Ziosi M, Abdihankyzy UB, Sánchez-Hernández S, Escames G, Prokisch H, Martín F, Quinzii CM, López LC. Coenzyme Q10 modulates sulfide metabolism and links the mitochondrial respiratory chain to pathways associated to one carbon metabolism. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3296-3311. [PMID: 32975579 PMCID: PMC7724311 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of one carbon, glutathione and sulfide metabolisms have recently emerged as novel pathomechanisms in diseases with mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities are not clear. Also, we recently showed that sulfide oxidation is impaired in Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. This finding leads us to hypothesize that the therapeutic effects of CoQ10, frequently administered to patients with primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, might be due to its function as cofactor for sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), the first enzyme in the sulfide oxidation pathway. Here, using biased and unbiased approaches, we show that supraphysiological levels of CoQ10 induces an increase in the expression of SQOR in skin fibroblasts from control subjects and patients with mutations in Complex I subunits genes or CoQ biosynthetic genes. This increase of SQOR induces the downregulation of the cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, two enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, the subsequent downregulation of serine biosynthesis and the adaptation of other sulfide linked pathways, such as folate cycle, nucleotides metabolism and glutathione system. These metabolic changes are independent of the presence of sulfur aminoacids, are confirmed in mouse models, and are recapitulated by overexpression of SQOR, further proving that the metabolic effects of CoQ10 supplementation are mediated by the overexpression of SQOR. Our results contribute to a better understanding of how sulfide metabolism is integrated in one carbon metabolism and may explain some of the benefits of CoQ10 supplementation observed in mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Cristina Mascaraque
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München 81675, Germany
| | - Francisco Martín
- Genomic Medicine Department, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada 18007, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Luis C López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bottani E, Lamperti C, Prigione A, Tiranti V, Persico N, Brunetti D. Therapeutic Approaches to Treat Mitochondrial Diseases: "One-Size-Fits-All" and "Precision Medicine" Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1083. [PMID: 33187380 PMCID: PMC7696526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) refer to a group of severe, often inherited genetic conditions due to mutations in the mitochondrial genome or in the nuclear genes encoding for proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mutations hamper the last step of aerobic metabolism, affecting the primary source of cellular ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial diseases are characterized by extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunction with different clinical courses. The limited information of the natural history, the limitations of currently available preclinical models, coupled with the large variability of phenotypical presentations of PMD patients, have strongly penalized the development of effective therapies. However, new therapeutic strategies have been emerging, often with promising preclinical and clinical results. Here we review the state of the art on experimental treatments for mitochondrial diseases, presenting "one-size-fits-all" approaches and precision medicine strategies. Finally, we propose novel perspective therapeutic plans, either based on preclinical studies or currently used for other genetic or metabolic diseases that could be transferred to PMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich Heine University (HHU), 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Nicola Persico
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu C, Li X, Zhao L, Shi Y, Zhou S, Wang Y. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Mitochondrial Myopathy in China. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1000. [PMID: 33013660 PMCID: PMC7506116 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mitochondrial myopathy in children has notable clinical and genetic heterogeneity, but detailed data is lacking. Patients and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentation, laboratory investigation, genetic and histopathological characteristics, and follow-ups of 21 pediatric mitochondrial myopathy cases from China. Results: Twenty-four patients suspected with mitochondrial myopathy were enrolled initially and 21 were genetically identified. Fourteen patients were found to harbor mitochondrial DNA point mutations (14/21, 66.7%), including m.3243A>G (9/15, 60%), m.3303C>T (2/15, 13.3%), m.3302A>G (1/15, 6.7%), m.3250T>C (1/15, 6.7%), m.3251A>G (1/15, 6.7%), of whom 12 patients presented with progressive proximal mitochondrial myopathy (12/14, 85.7%). Three patients revealed large-scale deletion in blood or muscle tissue (3/21, 14.3%), presenting with Kearns-Sayer syndrome (1/3, 33.3%) or chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (2/3, 66.7%). Four patients were found to harbor pathogenic nuclear gene variants (4/21, 19.0%), including five variants in TK2 gene and two variants in SURF1 gene. During the follow-ups up to 7 years, 10 patients developed cardiomyopathy (10/21, 47.6%), 13 patients occurred at least once hypercapnic respiratory failure (13/21, 61.9%), six experienced recurrent respiratory failure and intubation (6/21, 28.6%), eight patients failed to survive (8/21, 38.1%). With nocturnal non-invasive ventilation of BiPAP, three patients recovered from respiratory failure, and led a relative stable and functional life (3/21, 14.3%). Conclusion: Mitochondrial myopathy in children has great clinical, pathological, and genetical heterogeneity. Progressive proximal myopathy is most prevalent. Mitochondrial DNA point mutations are most common. And respiratory failure is a critical risk factor of poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Hu
- Neurology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihua Li
- Neurology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Neurology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Shi
- Neurology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuizhen Zhou
- Neurology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neurology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Almannai M, El-Hattab AW, Ali M, Soler-Alfonso C, Scaglia F. Clinical trials in mitochondrial disorders, an update. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:1-13. [PMID: 33129691 PMCID: PMC7537630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders comprise a molecular and clinically diverse group of diseases that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to multi-organ disease. With recent advances in molecular technologies, the understanding of the pathomechanisms of a growing list of mitochondrial disorders has been greatly expanded. However, the therapeutic approaches for mitochondrial disorders have lagged behind with treatment options limited mainly to symptom specific therapies and supportive measures. There is an increasing number of clinical trials in mitochondrial disorders aiming for more specific and effective therapies. This review will cover different treatment modalities currently used in mitochondrial disorders, focusing on recent and ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almannai
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - May Ali
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Soler-Alfonso
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ersoy M, Tiranti V, Zeviani M. Ethylmalonic encephalopathy: Clinical course and therapy response in an uncommon mild case with a severe ETHE1 mutation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100641. [PMID: 32923369 PMCID: PMC7476058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by dysfunction of ETHE1 protein, a mitochondrial dioxygenase involved in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detoxification. EE is usually a fatal disease with a severe clinical course mainly associated with developmental delay and regression, recurrent petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhoea. Treatment includes antioxidants, antibiotics that lower H2S levels and antispastic medications, which are not curative. The mutations causing absence of the ETHE1 protein, as is the case for the described patient, usually entail a severe fatal phenotype. Although there are rare reported cases with mild clinical findings, the mechanism leading to these milder cases is also unclear. Here, we describe an 11-year-old boy with an ETHE1 gene mutation who has no neurocognitive impairment but chronic diarrhoea, which is controlled by oral medical treatment, and progressive spastic paraparesis that responded to Achilles tendon lengthening.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3-MST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
- CAT, cysteine aminotransferase
- CBS, cystathionine β-synthase
- CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase
- EE, ethylmalonic encephalopathy
- EMA, ethylmalonic acid
- ETHE1 gene
- GSH, glutathione
- H2S
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- H2SO3, persulfide
- MTZ, metronidazole
- Mild course
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- SCAD, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- SDO, sulfur dioxygenase
- SQR, sulfide quinone oxidoreductase
- SUOX, sulfite oxidase
- TST, thiosulfate sulfur transferase
- Therapy response
- UQ, quinone
- cIII, complex III
- cIV, complex IV
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Ersoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Health Sciences University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Mitochondrial Disorders Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- The Clinical School, University of Padova Department of Neurosciences Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine Via Orus 2, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sequiera GL, Rockman-Greenberg C, Dhingra S. Induced pluripotent stem cell line UOMi002-A from a patient with Leigh syndrome with compound heterozygous mutations in the NDUFV1 gene. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101964. [PMID: 32871395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the umbrella of mitochondrial disorders, Leigh's disease is characterised as a rarer form with more than 80 genetic and mitochondrial DNA aberration variants. Here we report establishment of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from a 2.5 years old deceased female child, harbouring mutations in the NDUFV1 gene. One of the variants reported here is novel. The establishment of iPSC line allows development of a stable disease model for the specific variations, as there are no other cell/animal disease models for the same.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Lester Sequiera
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zekonyte U, Bacman SR, Moraes CT. DNA-editing enzymes as potential treatments for heteroplasmic mtDNA diseases. J Intern Med 2020; 287:685-697. [PMID: 32176378 PMCID: PMC7260085 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial genome are the cause of many debilitating neuromuscular disorders. Currently, there is no cure or treatment for these diseases, and symptom management is the only relief doctors can provide. Although supplements and vitamins are commonly used in treatment, they provide little benefit to the patient and are only palliative. This is why gene therapy is a promising research topic to potentially treat and, in theory, even cure diseases caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mammalian cells contain approximately a thousand copies of mtDNA, which can lead to a phenomenon called heteroplasmy, where both wild-type and mutant mtDNA molecules co-exist within the cell. Disease only manifests once the per cent of mutant mtDNA reaches a high threshold (usually >80%), which causes mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced ATP production. This is a useful feature to take advantage of for gene therapy applications, as not every mutant copy of mtDNA needs to be eliminated, but only enough to shift the heteroplasmic ratio below the disease threshold. Several DNA-editing enzymes have been used to shift heteroplasmy in cell culture and mice. This review provides an overview of these enzymes and discusses roadblocks of applying these to gene therapy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Zekonyte
- From the, Graduate Program in Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S R Bacman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease presenting in childhood is characterized by clinical, biochemical and genetic complexity. Some children are affected by canonical syndromes, but the majority have nonclassical multisystemic disease presentations involving virtually any organ in the body. Each child has a unique constellation of clinical features and disease trajectory, leading to enormous challenges in diagnosis and management of these heterogeneous disorders. This review discusses the classical mitochondrial syndromes presenting most frequently in childhood and then presents an organ-based perspective including systems less frequently linked to mitochondrial disease, such as skin and hair abnormalities and immune dysfunction. An approach to diagnosis is then presented, encompassing clinical evaluation and biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic investigations, and emphasizing the problem of phenocopies. The impact of next-generation sequencing is discussed, together with the importance of functional validation of novel genetic variants never previously linked to mitochondrial disease. The review concludes with a brief discussion of currently available and emerging therapies. The field of mitochondrial medicine has made enormous strides in the last 30 years, with approaching 400 different genes across two genomes now linked to primary mitochondrial disease. However, many important questions remain unanswered, including the reasons for tissue specificity and variability of clinical presentation of individuals sharing identical gene defects, and a lack of disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers to monitor disease progression and/or response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Acin-Perez R, Benador IY, Petcherski A, Veliova M, Benavides GA, Lagarrigue S, Caudal A, Vergnes L, Murphy AN, Karamanlidis G, Tian R, Reue K, Wanagat J, Sacks H, Amati F, Darley-Usmar VM, Liesa M, Divakaruni AS, Stiles L, Shirihai OS. A novel approach to measure mitochondrial respiration in frozen biological samples. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104073. [PMID: 32432379 PMCID: PMC7327496 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Respirometry is the gold standard measurement of mitochondrial oxidative function, as it reflects the activity of the electron transport chain complexes working together. However, the requirement for freshly isolated mitochondria hinders the feasibility of respirometry in multi‐site clinical studies and retrospective studies. Here, we describe a novel respirometry approach suited for frozen samples by restoring electron transfer components lost during freeze/thaw and correcting for variable permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes. This approach preserves 90–95% of the maximal respiratory capacity in frozen samples and can be applied to isolated mitochondria, permeabilized cells, and tissue homogenates with high sensitivity. We find that primary changes in mitochondrial function, detected in fresh tissue, are preserved in frozen samples years after collection. This approach will enable analysis of the integrated function of mitochondrial Complexes I to IV in one measurement, collected at remote sites or retrospectively in samples residing in tissue biobanks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilan Y Benador
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arianne Caudal
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harold Sacks
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mitochondrial Diseases: Hope for the Future. Cell 2020; 181:168-188. [PMID: 32220313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by a wide spectrum of mutations in genes encoded by either the nuclear or the mitochondrial genome. Treatments for mitochondrial diseases are currently focused on symptomatic management rather than improving the biochemical defect caused by a particular mutation. This review focuses on the latest advances in the development of treatments for mitochondrial disease, both small molecules and gene therapies, as well as methods to prevent transmission of mitochondrial disease through the germline.
Collapse
|
29
|
Pioglitazone and Deoxyribonucleoside Combination Treatment Increases Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in m.3243A>G MELAS Cybrid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062139. [PMID: 32244971 PMCID: PMC7139379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective treatments for mitochondrial disease has seen the development of new approaches, including those that aim to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis to boost ATP generation above a critical disease threshold. Here, we examine the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activator pioglitazone (PioG), in combination with deoxyribonucleosides (dNs), on mitochondrial biogenesis in cybrid cells containing >90% of the m.3243A>G mutation associated with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). PioG + dNs combination treatment increased mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial mass in both control (CON) and m.3243A>G (MUT) cybrids, with no adverse effects on cell proliferation. PioG + dNs also increased mtDNA-encoded transcripts in CON cybrids, but had the opposite effect in MUT cybrids, reducing the already elevated transcript levels. Steady-state levels of mature oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein complexes were increased by PioG + dNs treatment in CON cybrids, but were unchanged in MUT cybrids. However, treatment was able to significantly increase maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates and cell respiratory control ratios in both CON and MUT cybrids. Overall, these findings highlight the ability of PioG + dNs to improve mitochondrial respiratory function in cybrid cells containing the m.3243A>G MELAS mutation, as well as their potential for development into novel therapies to treat mitochondrial disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Oost LJ, Sandri M, Romanello V. The authors reply: Letter on: "Fibroblast growth factor 21 controls mitophagy and muscle mass" by Oost et al. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:338-340. [PMID: 31692288 PMCID: PMC7015231 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J. Oost
- Venetian Institute of Molecular MedicinePadovaItaly
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular MedicinePadovaItaly
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Myology Center, Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Venetian Institute of Molecular MedicinePadovaItaly
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Myology Center, Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Burgin HJ, McKenzie M. Understanding the role of OXPHOS dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ECHS1 deficiency. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:590-610. [PMID: 31944285 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide the main source of energy for eukaryotic cells, oxidizing fatty acids and sugars to generate ATP. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are two key pathways involved in this process. Disruption of FAO can cause human disease, with patients commonly presenting with liver failure, hypoketotic glycaemia and rhabdomyolysis. However, patients with deficiencies in the FAO enzyme short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) are typically diagnosed with Leigh syndrome, a lethal form of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy that is normally associated with OXPHOS dysfunction. Furthermore, some ECHS1-deficient patients also exhibit secondary OXPHOS defects. This sequela of FAO disorders has long been thought to be caused by the accumulation of inhibitory fatty acid intermediates. However, new evidence suggests that the mechanisms involved are more complex, and that disruption of OXPHOS protein complex biogenesis and/or stability is also involved. In this review, we examine the clinical, biochemical and genetic features of all ECHS1-deficient patients described to date. In particular, we consider the secondary OXPHOS defects associated with ECHS1 deficiency and discuss their possible contribution to disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison James Burgin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dong Z, Pu L, Cui H. Mitoepigenetics and Its Emerging Roles in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:4. [PMID: 32039210 PMCID: PMC6989428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human beings, there is a ∼16,569 bp circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoding 22 tRNAs, 12S and 16S rRNAs, 13 polypeptides that constitute the central core of ETC/OxPhos complexes, and some non-coding RNAs. Recently, mtDNA has been shown to have some covalent modifications such as methylation or hydroxylmethylation, which play pivotal epigenetic roles in mtDNA replication and transcription. Post-translational modifications of proteins in mitochondrial nucleoids such as mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) also emerge as essential epigenetic modulations in mtDNA replication and transcription. Post-transcriptional modifications of mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs) including mt-rRNAs, mt-tRNAs and mt-mRNAs are important epigenetic modulations. Besides, mtDNA or nuclear DNA (n-DNA)-derived non-coding RNAs also play important roles in the regulation of translation and function of mitochondrial genes. These evidences introduce a novel concept of mitoepigenetics that refers to the study of modulations in the mitochondria that alter heritable phenotype in mitochondria itself without changing the mtDNA sequence. Since mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor development, mitoepigenetics is also essential for cancer. Understanding the mode of actions of mitoepigenetics in cancers may shade light on the clinical diagnosis and prevention of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the present study about modifications in mtDNA, mtRNA and nucleoids and modulations of mtDNA/nDNA-derived non-coding RNAs that affect mtDNA translation/function, and overview recent studies of mitoepigenetic alterations in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjun Pu
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pereira CV, Peralta S, Arguello T, Bacman SR, Diaz F, Moraes CT. Myopathy reversion in mice after restauration of mitochondrial complex I. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10674. [PMID: 31916679 PMCID: PMC7005622 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopathies are common manifestations of mitochondrial diseases. To investigate whether gene replacement can be used as an effective strategy to treat or cure mitochondrial myopathies, we have generated a complex I conditional knockout mouse model lacking NDUFS3 subunit in skeletal muscle. NDUFS3 protein levels were undetectable in muscle of 15‐day‐old smKO mice, and myopathy symptoms could be detected by 2 months of age, worsening over time. rAAV9‐Ndufs3 delivered systemically into 15‐ to 18‐day‐old mice effectively restored NDUFS3 levels in skeletal muscle, precluding the development of the myopathy. To test the ability of rAAV9‐mediated gene replacement to revert muscle function after disease onset, we also treated post‐symptomatic, 2‐month‐old mice. The injected mice showed a remarkable improvement of the mitochondrial myopathy and biochemical parameters, which remained for the duration of the study. Our results showed that muscle pathology could be reversed after restoring complex I, which was absent for more than 2 months. These findings have far‐reaching implications for the ability of muscle to tolerate a mitochondrial defect and for the treatment of mitochondrial myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Pereira
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tania Arguello
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra R Bacman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Orsucci D, Ienco EC, Siciliano G, Mancuso M. Mitochondrial disorders and drugs: what every physician should know. Drugs Context 2019; 8:212588. [PMID: 31391854 PMCID: PMC6668504 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of metabolic conditions caused by impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation system. There is currently no clear evidence supporting any pharmacological interventions for most mitochondrial disorders, except for coenzyme Q10 deficiencies, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. Furthermore, some drugs may potentially have detrimental effects on mitochondrial dysfunction. Drugs known to be toxic for mitochondrial functions should be avoided whenever possible. Mitochondrial patients needing one of these treatments should be carefully monitored, clinically and by laboratory exams, including creatine kinase and lactate. In the era of molecular and ‘personalized’ medicine, many different physicians (not only neurologists) should be aware of the basic principles of mitochondrial medicine and its therapeutic implications. Multicenter collaboration is essential for the advancement of therapy for mitochondrial disorders. Whenever possible, randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish efficacy and safety of drugs. In this review we discuss in an accessible way the therapeutic approaches and perspectives in mitochondrial disorders. We will also provide an overview of the drugs that should be used with caution in these patients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a diverse group of inborn disorders affecting cellular energy production by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) via the five (CI‐CV) mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes. The sea squirt alternative oxidase (AOX) is able to bypass the distal part of the MRC and was shown to alleviate the consequences of CIII and CIV defects in several cellular and Drosophila models. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Rajendran et al (2019) demonstrate the first proof of concept in mammals, by showing that AOX is capable to extend lifespan and prevent heart failure in a CIII deficient mouse model, raising the possibility of future human AOX bypass treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Saada
- The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Djouadi F, Bastin J. Mitochondrial Genetic Disorders: Cell Signaling and Pharmacological Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040289. [PMID: 30925787 PMCID: PMC6523966 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory chain (RC) defects form a large group of inherited monogenic disorders sharing many common clinical and pathophysiological features, including disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, but also, for example, oxidative stress and accumulation of noxious metabolites. Interestingly, several transcription factors or co-activators exert transcriptional control on both FAO and RC genes, and can be activated by small molecules, opening to possibly common therapeutic approaches for FAO and RC deficiencies. Here, we review recent data on the potential of various drugs or small molecules targeting pivotal metabolic regulators: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA)) or interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, to alleviate or to correct inborn FAO or RC deficiencies in cellular or animal models. The possible molecular mechanisms involved, in particular the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesis, are discussed. Applications of these pharmacological approaches as a function of genotype/phenotype are also addressed, which clearly orient toward personalized therapy. Finally, we propose that beyond the identification of individual candidate drugs/molecules, future pharmacological approaches should consider their combination, which could produce additive or synergistic effects that may further enhance their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Bastin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|