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Silver BB, Kreutz A, Weick M, Gerrish K, Tokar EJ. Biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: toward precision prevention using extracellular vesicles. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1393930. [PMID: 38706609 PMCID: PMC11066856 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1393930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Detrimental side effects of drugs like doxorubicin, which can cause cardiotoxicity, pose barriers for preventing cancer progression, or treating cancer early through molecular interception. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are valued for their potential as biomarkers of human health, chemical and molecular carcinogenesis, and therapeutics to treat disease at the cellular level. EVs are released both during normal growth and in response to toxicity and cellular death, playing key roles in cellular communication. Consequently, EVs may hold promise as precision biomarkers and therapeutics to prevent or offset damaging off-target effects of chemotherapeutics. EVs have promise as biomarkers of impending cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapies and as cardioprotective therapeutic agents. However, EVs can also mediate cardiotoxic cues, depending on the identity and past events of their parent cells. Understanding how EVs mediate signaling is critical toward implementing EVs as therapeutic agents to mitigate cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapies. For example, it remains unclear how mixtures of EV populations from cells exposed to toxins or undergoing different stages of cell death contribute to signaling across cardiac tissues. Here, we present our perspective on the outlook of EVs as future clinical tools to mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, both as biomarkers of impending cardiotoxicity and as cardioprotective agents. Also, we discuss how heterogeneous mixtures of EVs and transient exposures to toxicants may add complexity to predicting outcomes of exogenously applied EVs. Elucidating how EV cargo and signaling properties change during dynamic cellular events may aid precision prevention of cardiotoxicity in anticancer treatments and development of safer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Silver
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Inotiv, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Madeleine Weick
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
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2
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Hou Y, Tang Y, Cai S. Advances in the study of microparticles in diabetic retinopathy. Postgrad Med J 2024:qgae046. [PMID: 38572927 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common diabetic microangiopathies, which severely impairs vision in diabetic population. The underlying mechanisms regarding the development of DR are not fully understood, and there is a lack of biomarkers to guide clinical, assessment of disease progression. Recently researchers have found that microparticles (MP) and its bioactive molecules are involved in the development of DR. MP is widely distributed in the circulation and can exert autocrine and paracrine benefits in intercellular signalling, provide a catalytic platform for the thrombospondin complex to promote coagulation, and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to cause endothelial damage. MP interacts with advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) and AGE receptor (RAGE) to activate inflammatory pathways. MP carries a variety of miRNAs that regulate the vascular endothelial growth factor generation pathway. MP has also been applied to the exploration of mesenchymal stromal cell replacement therapy to treat DR. In a word, MP provides new ideas for the study of DR. MP has emerged as a marker to assess the progression of DR. As a potential therapeutic target, MP also has considerable research value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shanjun Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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3
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Schöne N, Kemper M, Menck K, Evers G, Krekeler C, Schulze AB, Lenz G, Wardelmann E, Binder C, Bleckmann A. PD-L1 on large extracellular vesicles is a predictive biomarker for therapy response in tissue PD-L1-low and -negative patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12418. [PMID: 38453684 PMCID: PMC10920108 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of tissue PD-L1 (tPD-L1) is currently the only approved biomarker for predicting treatment response. However, even tPD-L1 low (1-49%) and absent (<1%) patients might benefit from immunotherapy but, to date, there is no reliable biomarker, that can predict response in this particular patient subgroup. This study aimed to test whether tumour-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) could fill this gap. Using NSCLC cell lines, we identified a panel of tumour-related antigens that were enriched on large EVs (lEVs) compared to smaller EVs. The levels of lEVs carrying these antigens were significantly elevated in plasma of NSCLC patients (n = 108) and discriminated them from controls (n = 77). Among the tested antigens, we focused on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is a well-known direct target for immunotherapy. In plasma lEVs, PD-L1 was mainly found on a population of CD45- /CD62P+ lEVs and thus seemed to be associated with platelet-derived vesicles. Patients with high baseline levels of PD-L1+ lEVs in blood showed a significantly better response to immunotherapy and prolonged survival. This was particularly true in the subgroup of NSCLC patients with low or absent tPD-L1 expression, thus identifying PD-L1-positive lEVs in plasma as a novel predictive and prognostic marker for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Schöne
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Marcel Kemper
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Georg Evers
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Carolin Krekeler
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Arik Bernard Schulze
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Georg Lenz
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- University of Münster, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünsterGermany
| | - Claudia Binder
- University Medicine Göttingen, Clinic for Hematology/Medical OncologyGöttingenGermany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
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Argentino G, Olivieri B, Barbieri A, Beri R, Bason C, Friso S, Tinazzi E. Exploring the Utility of Circulating Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Markers of Health and Damage of Vasal Endothelium in Systemic Sclerosis Patients Treated with Iloprost. Biomedicines 2024; 12:295. [PMID: 38397897 PMCID: PMC10886571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (eEVs) are released from endothelial cells, signifying endothelial integrity. Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare disease causing skin and organ fibrosis with early vascular damage. Iloprost, an SSc treatment, might affect eEV release, showing long-term benefits. We aimed to study eEVs in SSc, potentially serving as disease markers and linked to Iloprost's impact on organ involvement. We included 54 SSc patients and 15 healthy donors. Using flow cytometry on platelet-poor plasma (PPP) with specific antibodies (CD144, CD146, AnnexinV), we detected endothelial extracellular vesicles. Results showed fewer eEVs from apoptotic or normal cells in SSc patients than healthy controls. Specifically, patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and lung issues had reduced eEVs from apoptotic endothelial cells (CD146+ AnnV+). No notable differences were seen in CD144 endothelial markers between patients and controls. After 1-day Iloprost infusion, there was an increase in eEVs, but not after 5 days. These findings suggest circulating eEVs reflect endothelial health/damage, crucial in early SSc stages. A 1-day Iloprost infusion seems effective in repairing endothelial damage, critical in scleroderma vasculopathy. Differences in marker outcomes may relate to CD146's surface expression and CD144's junctional location in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Argentino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Bianca Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Alessandro Barbieri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ruggero Beri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Caterina Bason
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Simonetta Friso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
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5
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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6
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Wang B, Wöhler A, Greven J, Salzmann RJS, Keller CM, Tertel T, Zhao Q, Mert Ü, Horst K, Lupu L, Huber-Lang M, van Griensven M, Mollnes TE, Schaaf S, Schwab R, Strassburg CP, Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Giebel B, Hildebrand F, Lukacs-Kornek V, Willms AG, Kornek MT. Liquid Biopsy in Organ Damage: small extracellular vesicle chip-based assessment of polytrauma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279496. [PMID: 38035093 PMCID: PMC10684673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite major advances in medicine, blood-borne biomarkers are urgently needed to support decision-making, including polytrauma. Here, we assessed serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential markers of decision-making in polytrauma. Objective Our Liquid Biopsy in Organ Damage (LiBOD) study aimed to differentiate polytrauma with organ injury from polytrauma without organ injury. We analysed of blood-borne small EVs at the individual level using a combination of immunocapture and high-resolution imaging. Methods To this end, we isolated, purified, and characterized small EVs according to the latest Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines from human blood collected within 24 h post-trauma and validated our results using a porcine polytrauma model. Results We found that small EVs derived from monocytes CD14+ and CD14+CD61+ were significantly elevated in polytrauma with organ damage. To be precise, our findings revealed that CD9+CD14+ and CD14+CD61+ small EVs exhibited superior performance compared to CD9+CD61+ small EVs in accurately indicating polytrauma with organ damage, reaching a sensitivity and a specificity of 0.81% and 0.97%, respectively. The results in humans were confirmed in an independent porcine model of polytrauma. Conclusion These findings suggest that these specific types of small EVs may serve as valuable, non-invasive, and objective biomarkers for assessing and monitoring the severity of polytrauma and associated organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingduo Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliona Wöhler
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka J. S. Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cindy M. Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ümit Mert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ludmila Lupu
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom Erik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sebastian Schaaf
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Robert Schwab
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christian P. Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnulf G. Willms
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miroslaw T. Kornek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins I: Localization at Plasma Membranes and Extracellular Compartments. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050855. [PMID: 37238725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes (PMs) of all eukaryotic organisms studied so far by covalent linkage to a highly conserved glycolipid rather than a transmembrane domain. Since their first description, experimental data have been accumulating for the capability of GPI-APs to be released from PMs into the surrounding milieu. It became evident that this release results in distinct arrangements of GPI-APs which are compatible with the aqueous milieu upon loss of their GPI anchor by (proteolytic or lipolytic) cleavage or in the course of shielding of the full-length GPI anchor by incorporation into extracellular vesicles, lipoprotein-like particles and (lyso)phospholipid- and cholesterol-harboring micelle-like complexes or by association with GPI-binding proteins or/and other full-length GPI-APs. In mammalian organisms, the (patho)physiological roles of the released GPI-APs in the extracellular environment, such as blood and tissue cells, depend on the molecular mechanisms of their release as well as the cell types and tissues involved, and are controlled by their removal from circulation. This is accomplished by endocytic uptake by liver cells and/or degradation by GPI-specific phospholipase D in order to bypass potential unwanted effects of the released GPI-APs or their transfer from the releasing donor to acceptor cells (which will be reviewed in a forthcoming manuscript).
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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8
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Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Bystanders or Main Characters? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020246. [PMID: 36829523 PMCID: PMC9953694 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer still represents the main cause of cancer death worldwide. The poor survival is mainly related to the diagnosis which is often obtained in advanced stages when the disease is unresectable and characterized by the worst prognosis. Only in the last decades have great discoveries led to the development of new therapies targeted to oncogenes and to boost the host immune response against the tumor. Tumor identification and molecular/immunological characterization rely on bioptic samples which represent the gold standard for diagnosis. Nonetheless, less invasive procedures providing small samples will be more and more common in the future. Extracellular vesicles (EV), submicron particles released by any cell type, are candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. EV are mediators of intercellular communication and can convey cytokines, miRNAs, antigens, and many other factors of tumorigenesis. This review summarizes the most appealing findings on lung-cancer-related EV, debating the evidence on circulating versus airway EV as potential biomarkers in disease management and the main studies on the role of these particles on lung cancer pathogenesis. Overall, the available results point toward a wide range of possible applications, supported by the promising achievements of genotyping on BAL fluid EV and proteomic analysis on pleural effusion EV. Nonetheless, the study of lung EV is still affected by remarkable methodological issues, especially when in vitro evidence is translated into humans. Whether EV still represent an "information fog" or can be useful in lung cancer management will be discussed, with possible hints on how to improve their usage.
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Tryfonos A, Cocks M, Browning N, Dawson EA. Post-exercise endothelial function is not associated with extracellular vesicle release in healthy young males. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:209-218. [PMID: 36462215 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise can result in temporary decrease in endothelial functions, which may represent a transient period of risk. Numerous mechanisms underpinning these responses included release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from apoptotic or activated endothelial cells and platelets. This study aims to compare the time course of endothelial responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and the associations with EV release. Eighteen young healthy males (age: 22.6 ± 3.7 years, BMI: 25.6 ± 2.5 m2/kg, and VO2peak: 38.6 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min) completed two randomly assigned exercises: HIIE (10 × 1 min-@-90% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 1 min passive recovery) and MICE (30 min-@-70% HRR) on a cycle ergometer. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to assess endothelial function and blood samples were collected to evaluate endothelial cell-derived EV (CD62E+) and platelet-derived EV (CD41a+), 10, 60, and 120 min before and after exercise. There were similar increases but different time courses (P = 0.017) in FMD (increased 10 min post-HIIE, P < 0.0001 and 60 min post-MICE, P = 0.038). CD62E+ remained unchanged (P = 0.530), whereas overall CD41a+ release was reduced 60 min post-exercise (P = 0.040). FMD was not associated with EV absolute release or change (P > 0.05). Acute exercise resulted in similar improvements, but different time course in FMD following either exercise. Whilst EVs were not associated with FMD, the reduction in platelet-derived EVs may represent a protective mechanism following acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tryfonos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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10
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Buntsma N, van der Pol E, Nieuwland R, Gąsecka A. Extracellular Vesicles in Coronary Artery Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:81-103. [PMID: 37603274 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of CAD, evidence gaps remain, including pathogenesis, the most efficient diagnostic strategy, prognosis of individual patients, monitoring of therapy, and novel therapeutic strategies. These gaps could all be filled by developing novel, minimally invasive, blood-based biomarkers. Potentially, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could fill such gaps. EVs are lipid membrane particles released from cells into blood and other body fluids. Because the concentration, composition, and functions of EVs change during disease, and because all cell types involved in the development and progression of CAD release EVs, currently available guidelines potentially enable reliable and reproducible measurements of EVs in clinical trials, offering a wide range of opportunities. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the associations reported between EVs and CAD, including (1) the role of EVs in CAD pathogenesis, (2) EVs as biomarkers to diagnose CAD, predict prognosis, and monitor therapy in individual patients, and (3) EVs as new therapeutic targets and/or drug delivery vehicles. In addition, we summarize the challenges encountered in EV isolation and detection, and the lack of standardization, which has hampered real clinical applications of EVs. Since most conclusions are based on animal models and single-center studies, the knowledge and insights into the roles and opportunities of EVs as biomarkers in CAD are still changing, and therefore, the content of this chapter should be seen as a snapshot in time rather than a final and complete compendium of knowledge on EVs in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Buntsma
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Jin Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Yang W, Feng Q, Wang H. Extracellular signals regulate the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Biol Res 2022; 55:35. [PMID: 36435789 PMCID: PMC9701380 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released membrane vesicles that act as carriers of proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. With various biomolecules and specific ligands, EV has represented a novel form of information transfer, which possesses extremely outstanding efficiency and specificity compared to the classical signal transduction. In addition, EV has extended the concept of signal transduction to intercellular aspect by working as the collection of extracellular information. Therefore, the functions of EVs have been extensively characterized and EVs exhibit an exciting prospect for clinical applications. However, the biogenesis of EVs and, in particular, the regulation of this process by extracellular signals, which are essential to conduct further studies and support optimal utility, remain unclear. Here, we review the current understanding of the biogenesis of EVs, focus on the regulation of this process by extracellular signals and discuss their therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Ma
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 20815, China
| | - Qiyu Feng
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 20815, China.
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12
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Auber M, Svenningsen P. An estimate of extracellular vesicle secretion rates of human blood cells. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e46. [PMID: 38938292 PMCID: PMC11080926 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the intercellular transfer of RNA and proteins through cellular secretion into the extracellular space. In blood plasma, circulating EVs are mainly derived from blood cells; however, factors that control plasma EV abundance are largely unknown. Here, we estimate the EV secretion rates for blood cell types using reported values for cell-specific plasma EV abundances and their parental cell's ubiquity in healthy humans. While we found that plasma contains on average ∼2 plasma EVs/cell, the cell-specific EV-to-cell ratio spanned four orders of magnitude from 0.13 ± 0.1 erythrocyte-derived EVs/erythrocyte to (1.9 ± 1.3) × 103 monocyte-derived EVs/monocyte. The steady-state plasma EV level was maintained by an estimated plasma EV secretion rate of (1.5 ± 0.4) × 1012 EVs/min. The cell-specific secretion rate estimates were highest for monocytes (45 ± 21 EVs/cell/min) and lowest for erythrocytes ((3.2 ± 3.0) × 10-3 EVs/cell/min). The estimated basal cell-specific EV secretion rates were not significantly correlated to the cell's lifespan or size; however, we observed a highly significant correlation to cellular mitochondrial enzyme activities. Together, our analysis indicates that cell-specific mitochondrial metabolism, for example, via reactive oxygen species, affects plasma EV abundance through increased secretion rates, and the results provide a resource for understanding EV function in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Auber
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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13
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The Neurotoxicity of Vesicles Secreted by ALS Patient Myotubes Is Specific to Exosome-Like and Not Larger Subtypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050845. [PMID: 35269468 PMCID: PMC8909615 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles can mediate communication between tissues, affecting the physiological conditions of recipient cells. They are increasingly investigated in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, the most common form of Motor Neurone Disease, as transporters of misfolded proteins including SOD1, FUS, TDP43, or other neurotoxic elements, such as the dipeptide repeats resulting from C9orf72 expansions. EVs are classified based on their biogenesis and size and can be separated by differential centrifugation. They include exosomes, released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, and ectosomes, also known as microvesicles or microparticles, resulting from budding or pinching of the plasma membrane. In the current study, EVs were obtained from the myotube cell culture medium of ALS patients or healthy controls. EVs of two different sizes, separating at 20,000 or 100,000 g, were then compared in terms of their effects on recipient motor neurons, astrocytes, and myotubes. Compared to untreated cells, the smaller, exosome-like vesicles of ALS patients reduced the survival of motor neurons by 31% and of myotubes by 18%, decreased neurite length and branching, and increased the proportion of stellate astrocytes, whereas neither those of healthy subjects, nor larger EVs of ALS or healthy subjects, had such effects.
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14
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Yates AG, Pink RC, Erdbrügger U, Siljander PRM, Dellar ER, Pantazi P, Akbar N, Cooke WR, Vatish M, Dias-Neto E, Anthony DC, Couch Y. In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo: Part I: Health and Normal Physiology: Part I: Health and Normal Physiology. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12151. [PMID: 35041249 PMCID: PMC8765331 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously thought to be nothing more than cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known to mediate physiological and pathological functions throughout the body. We now understand more about their capacity to transfer nucleic acids and proteins between distant organs, the interaction of their surface proteins with target cells, and the role of vesicle‐bound lipids in health and disease. To date, most observations have been made in reductionist cell culture systems, or as snapshots from patient cohorts. The heterogenous population of vesicles produced in vivo likely act in concert to mediate both beneficial and detrimental effects. EVs play crucial roles in both the pathogenesis of diseases, from cancer to neurodegenerative disease, as well as in the maintenance of system and organ homeostasis. This two‐part review draws on the expertise of researchers working in the field of EV biology and aims to cover the functional role of EVs in physiology and pathology. Part I will outline the role of EVs in normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ryan C Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Pia R-M Siljander
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth R Dellar
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Paschalia Pantazi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William R Cooke
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics. A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27) Institute of Psychiatry, São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme - Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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15
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Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Bastami M, Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Abediazar S, Khalilov R, Zununi Vahed S. Migrasomes and exosomes; different types of messaging vesicles in podocytes. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:52-62. [PMID: 34647672 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes, highly specified kidney epithelial cells, live under several pathological stimuli and stresses during which they adapt themselves to keep homeostasis. Nevertheless, under extreme stress, a complex scenario of podocyte damage and its consequences occur. Podocyte damage causes foot process effacement and their detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, leading to proteinuria. Podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs), mainly microparticles and exosomes are considered as signaling mediators of intercellular communication. Recently, it has been shown that throughout the injury-related migration procedure, podocytes are capable of releasing the injury-related migrasomes. Evidence indicates that at the early stages of glomerular disorders, increased levels of pEVs are observed in urine. At the early stage of nephropathy, pEVs especially migrasomes seem to be more sensitive and reliable indicators of podocyte stress and/or damage than proteinuria. This review highlights the current knowledge of pEVs and their values for the diagnosis of different kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Milad Bastami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Abediazar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine
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16
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Desideri E, Ciccarone F, Ciriolo MR, Fratantonio D. Extracellular vesicles in endothelial cells: from mediators of cell-to-cell communication to cargo delivery tools. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:508-520. [PMID: 34214634 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles released from most cell types that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication by carrying DNA, non-coding RNAs, proteins and lipids out of cells. The composition of EVs depends on the cell or tissue of origin and changes according to their pathophysiological conditions, making EVs a potential circulating biomarker of disease. Additionally, the natural tropism of EVs for specific organs and cells has raised the interest in their use as delivery vehicles. In this review, we provide an overview of EV biogenesis, isolation and characterization. We also discuss EVs in the context of endothelial pathophysiology, summarizing the current knowledge about their role in cell communication in quiescent and activated endothelial cells. In the last part, we describe the potential use of EVs as delivery vehicles of bioactive compounds and the current strategies to load exogenous cargo and to functionalize EVs to drive them to a specific tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, 00163, Rome, Italy.
| | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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17
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Burrello J, Bianco G, Burrello A, Manno C, Maulucci F, Pileggi M, Nannoni S, Michel P, Bolis S, Melli G, Vassalli G, Albers GW, Cianfoni A, Barile L, Cereda CW. Extracellular Vesicle Surface Markers as a Diagnostic Tool in Transient Ischemic Attacks. Stroke 2021; 52:3335-3347. [PMID: 34344167 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.033170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for cerebral ischemic diseases, but not systematically tested in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We aimed at (1) investigating the profile of EV-surface antigens in patients with symptoms suspicious for TIA; (2) developing and validating a predictive model for TIA diagnosis based on a specific EV-surface antigen profile. METHODS We analyzed 40 subjects with symptoms suspicious for TIA and 20 healthy controls from a training cohort. An independent cohort of 28 subjects served as external validation. Patients were stratified according to likelihood of having a real ischemic event using the Precise Diagnostic Score, defined as: unlikely (score 0-1), possible-probable (score 2-3), or very likely (score 4-8). Serum vesicles were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and EV-surface antigen profile characterized by multiplex flow cytometry. RESULTS EV concentration increased in patients with very likely or possible-probable TIA (P<0.05) compared with controls. Nanoparticle concentration was directly correlated with the Precise Diagnostic score (R=0.712; P<0.001). After EV immuno-capturing, CD8, CD2, CD62P, melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, CD42a, CD44, CD326, CD142, CD31, and CD14 were identified as discriminants between groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed a reliable diagnostic performance for each of these markers taken individually and for a compound marker derived from their linear combinations (area under the curve, 0.851). Finally, a random forest model combining the expression levels of selected markers achieved an accuracy of 96% and 78.9% for discriminating patients with a very likely TIA, in the training and external validation cohort, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The EV-surface antigen profile appears to be different in patients with transient symptoms adjudicated to be very likely caused by brain ischemia compared with patients whose symptoms were less likely to due to brain ischemia. We propose an algorithm based on an EV-surface-antigen specific signature that might aid in the recognition of TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Burrello
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Concetta Manno
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Francesco Maulucci
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Marco Pileggi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (M.P., A.C.)
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (S.B., L.B.)
| | - Giorgia Melli
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., G.V.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.)
| | - Alessandro Cianfoni
- Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (M.P., A.C.)
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (S.B., L.B.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.).,Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
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18
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Hu T, Wolfram J, Srivastava S. Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Detection: Hopes and Hypes. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:122-133. [PMID: 33008796 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer diagnosis is critical for improving patient survival and mortality rates, but most diagnostics on solid tumors rely on imaging tests with limited sensitivity and specificity to identify potential cases, which are then confirmed by tissue biopsies. However, this process is usually not suitable for cancer screening or evaluation of tumor responses to treatment. Liquid biopsies have the potential to bridge this gap, but few such assays have been approved for cancer applications. Extracellular vesicles hold particular promise for liquid biopsy diagnostics but are currently limited by the lack of robust methods for isolation and analysis. New isolation and analysis techniques, however, show promise to improve the clinical utility of extracellular vesicle-based cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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19
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Mehryab F, Rabbani S, Shahhosseini S, Shekari F, Fatahi Y, Baharvand H, Haeri A. Exosomes as a next-generation drug delivery system: An update on drug loading approaches, characterization, and clinical application challenges. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:42-62. [PMID: 32622055 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small nanoparticles secreted by almost all cells and have a well-known role in intercellular communication. They are found in different body fluids and can also be isolated from cell culture media. They contain a natural cargo including various protein and nucleic acid molecules originated from their donor cells. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as a desired drug delivery system. They are believed to provide a targeted delivery of drug molecules, supplemented with their natural function. Furthermore, they have a membranous structure similar to liposomes, and that motivated researchers to apply their previous experience of drug loading into liposomes for exosomes. Herein, we discuss applied methods for the encapsulation of different drugs into exosomes, parameters affecting the incorporation of drug molecules into exosomes, characterization techniques, recent achievements, commercialization challenges and the potential future developments of exosomal drugs. Overall, while the application of exosomes as a drug delivery system is still in its infancy, they are considered to be a new class of natural nanocarriers with great potential for clinical application. Understanding of their key formulation parameters, pharmaceutical properties, in vivo behavior and applicable scale-up production will pave their way to the market. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Details of loading methods, characterization and biopharmaceutical properties of drug-incorporated exosomes are presented. Most parameters affecting encapsulation of drugs into exosomes are mentioned to serve as a guide for future studies in this field. Moreover, challenges on the way of exosomes to the market and clinic are described.
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20
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Menck K, Sivaloganathan S, Bleckmann A, Binder C. Microvesicles in Cancer: Small Size, Large Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5373. [PMID: 32731639 PMCID: PMC7432491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted by all cell types in a tumor and its microenvironment (TME), playing an essential role in intercellular communication and the establishment of a TME favorable for tumor invasion and metastasis. They encompass a variety of vesicle populations, among them the well-known endosomal-derived small exosomes (Exo), but also larger vesicles (diameter > 100 nm) that are shed directly from the plasma membrane, the so-called microvesicles (MV). Increasing evidence suggests that MV, although biologically different, share the tumor-promoting features of Exo in the TME. Due to their larger size, they can be readily harvested from patients' blood and characterized by routine methods such as conventional flow cytometry, exploiting the plethora of molecules expressed on their surface. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology and the composition of MV, as well as their role within the TME. We highlight not only the challenges and potential of MV as novel biomarkers for cancer, but also discuss their possible use for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Suganja Sivaloganathan
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Effect of Physical Exercise on the Release of Microparticles with Angiogenic Potential. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication has a fundamental role in both human physiological and pathological states and various mechanisms are involved in the crosstalk between organs. Among these, microparticles (MPs) have an important involvement. MPs are a subtype of extracellular vesicles produced by a variety of cells following activation or apoptosis. They are normally present in physiological conditions, but their concentration varies in pathological states such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or cancer. Acute and chronic physical exercise are able to modify MPs amounts as well. Among various actions, exercise-responsive MPs affect angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing vessels. Usually, the neo vascular growth has functional role; but an aberrant neovascularization accompanies several oncogenic, ischemic, or inflammatory diseases. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the key adaptations to physical exercise and training. In the present review, we report evidence regarding the effect of various typologies of exercise on circulating MPs that are able to affect angiogenesis.
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22
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O'Dea KP, Tan YY, Shah S, V Patel B, C Tatham K, Wilson MR, Soni S, Takata M. Monocytes mediate homing of circulating microvesicles to the pulmonary vasculature during low-grade systemic inflammation. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1706708. [PMID: 32002170 PMCID: PMC6968433 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1706708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs), a plasma membrane-derived subclass of extracellular vesicles, are produced and released into the circulation during systemic inflammation, yet little is known of cell/tissue-specific uptake of MVs under these conditions. We hypothesized that monocytes contribute to uptake of circulating MVs and that their increased margination to the pulmonary circulation and functional priming during systemic inflammation produces substantive changes to the systemic MV homing profile. Cellular uptake of i.v.-injected, fluorescently labelled MVs (J774.1 macrophage-derived) in vivo was quantified by flow cytometry in vascular cell populations of the lungs, liver and spleen of C57BL6 mice. Under normal conditions, both Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow monocytes contributed to MV uptake but liver Kupffer cells were the dominant target cell population. Following induction of sub-clinical endotoxemia with low-dose i.v. LPS, MV uptake by lung-marginated Ly6Chigh monocytes increased markedly, both at the individual cell level (~2.5-fold) and through substantive expansion of their numbers (~8-fold), whereas uptake by splenic macrophages was unchanged and uptake by Kupffer cells actually decreased (~50%). Further analysis of MV uptake within the pulmonary vasculature using a combined model approach of in vivo macrophage depletion, ex vivo isolated perfused lungs and in vitro lung perfusate cell-based assays, indicated that Ly6Chigh monocytes possess a high MV uptake capacity (equivalent to Kupffer cells), that is enhanced directly by endotoxemia and ablated in the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS)-enriched liposomes and β3 integrin receptor blocking peptide. Accordingly, i.v.-injected PS-enriched liposomes underwent a redistribution of cellular uptake during endotoxemia similar to MVs, with enhanced uptake by Ly6Chigh monocytes and reduced uptake by Kupffer cells. These findings indicate that monocytes, particularly lung-marginated Ly6Chigh subset monocytes, become a dominant target cell population for MVs during systemic inflammation, with significant implications for the function and targeting of endogenous and therapeutically administered MVs, lending novel insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P O'Dea
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ying Ying Tan
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sneh Shah
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Brijesh V Patel
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kate C Tatham
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mike R Wilson
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanooj Soni
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Masao Takata
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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23
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Chen Z, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Li W, Venkat P, Wang F, Landschoot-Ward J, Chen J. Brain-Derived Microparticles (BDMPs) Contribute to Neuroinflammation and Lactadherin Reduces BDMP Induced Neuroinflammation and Improves Outcome After Stroke. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2747. [PMID: 31993045 PMCID: PMC6968774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs, ~size between 0.1 and 1 mm) are lipid encased containers derived from intact cells which contain antigen from the parent cells. MPs are involved in intercellular communication and regulate inflammation. Stroke increases secretion of brain derived MP (BDMP) which activate macrophages/microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Lactadherin (Milk fat globule–EGF factor-8) binds to anionic phospholipids and extracellular matrices, promotes apoptotic cell clearance and limits pathogenic antigen cross presentation. In this study, we investigate whether BDMP affects stroke-induced neuroinflammation and whether Lactadherin treatment reduces stroke initiated BDMP-induced neuroinflammation, thereby improving functional outcome after stroke. Middle aged (8–9 months old) male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) stroke, and BDMPs were extracted from ischemic brain 24 h after dMCAo by ultracentrifugation. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to dMCAo and treated via tail vein injection at 3 h after stroke with: (A) +PBS (n = 5/group); (B) +BDMPs (1.5 × 108, n = 6/group); (C) +Lactadherin (400 μg/kg, n = 5/group); (D) +BDMP+Lactadherin (n = 6/group). A battery of neurological function tests were performed and mice sacrificed for immunostaining at 14 days after stroke. Blood plasma was used for Western blot assay. Our data indicate: (1) treatment of Stroke with BDMP significantly increases lesion volume, neurological deficits, blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage, microglial activation, inflammatory cell infiltration (CD45, microglia/macrophages, and neutrophils) into brain, inflammatory factor (TNFα, IL6, and IL1β) expression in brain, increases axon/white matter (WM) damage identified by decreased axon and myelin density, and increases inflammatory factor expression in the plasma when compared to PBS treated stroke mice; (2) when compared to PBS and BDMP treated stroke mice, Lactadherin and BDMP+Lactadherin treatment significantly improves neurological outcome, and decreases lesion volume, BBB leakage, axon/WM injury, inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory factor expression in the ischemic brain, respectively. Lactadherin treatment significantly increases anti-inflammatory factor (IL10) expression in ischemic brain and decreases IL1β expression in plasma compared to PBS and BDMP treated stroke mice, respectively. BDMP increases neuroinflammation and aggravates ischemic brain damage after stroke. Thus, Lactadherin exerts anti-inflammatory effects and improves the clearance of MPs to reduce stroke and BDMP induced neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fenjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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24
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Lv Y, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. The role of microvesicles and its active molecules in regulating cellular biology. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7894-7904. [PMID: 31559684 PMCID: PMC6850934 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell‐derived microvesicles are membrane vesicles produced by the outward budding of the plasma membrane and released by almost all types of cells. These have been considered as another mechanism of intercellular communication, because they carry active molecules, such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Furthermore, these are present in circulating fluids, such as blood and urine, and are closely correlated to the progression of pathophysiological conditions in many diseases. Recent studies have revealed that microvesicles have a dual effect of damage and protection of receptor cells. However, the nature of the active molecules involved in this effect remains unclear. The present study mainly emphasized the mechanism of microvesicles and the active molecules mediating the different biological effects of receptor cells by affecting autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation pathways. The effective ways of blocking microvesicles and its active molecules in mediating cell damage when microvesicles exert harmful effects were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingMei Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Hunter LW, Jayachandran M, Miller VM. Sex differences in the expression of cell adhesion molecules on microvesicles derived from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 31118073 PMCID: PMC6532199 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are sex differences in risk for stroke and small vessel ischemic disease in the brain. Microvesicles (MV) derived from activated cells vary by cell of origin and the stimulus initiating their release. MV released from cells activated by inflammatory and thrombotic factors have the potential to disrupt endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature. Therefore, experiments were designed to identify sex differences in the phenotype of MV released from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in response to inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli. Methods Cultured HBMEC derived from 20- to 30-year-old male and female donors were treated for 20 h with medium supplemented with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα; 20 ng/ml), thrombin (THR; 2 U/ml), or vehicle (i.e., control). MV were isolated from the conditioned media by high-speed centrifugation and quantified by digital flow cytometry by labeling with fluorophore-conjugated primary antibodies against PECAM-1, integrin αvβ3, ICAM-1, E-selectin, or MCAM. In addition, temporal uptake of labeled MV into control HBMEC was examined by confocal microscopy. Results Under control conditions, male HBMEC released fewer MV expressing each antigen, except for PECAM-1, than female cells (P < 0.05). Neither TNFα nor THR reduced cell viability. However, TNFα induced apoptosis in female and male cells, whereas THR increased apoptosis marginally only in male cells. TNFα increased expression of all antigens tested on MV in male cells, but only increased expression of integrin αvβ3, ICAM-1, and E-selectin on MV from female cells. THR increased expression of PECAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCAM-1 on MV from male but not female cells. MV were internalized and localized to lysosomes within 90 min after their application to HBMEC. Conclusions There are sex differences in expression of cell adhesion molecules on MV released from HBMEC under control conditions and upon activation by TNFα or THR. MV taken up by unstimulated HBMEC may impact the integrity of the brain microvasculature and account, in part, for sex differences in vascular pathologies in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Divisions of Hematology Research and Nephrology and Hypertension Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Medical Science Bldg. 4-20, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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26
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Zhang LH, Zhu XY, Eirin A, Nargesi AA, Woollard JR, Santelli A, Sun IO, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Early podocyte injury and elevated levels of urinary podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in swine with metabolic syndrome: role of podocyte mitochondria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F12-F22. [PMID: 31042059 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00399.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with nutrient surplus and kidney hyperfiltration, accelerating chronic renal failure. The potential involvement of podocyte damage in early MetS remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important determinant of renal damage, but whether it contributes to MetS-related podocyte injury remains unknown. Domestic pigs were studied after 16 wk of diet-induced MetS, MetS treated with the mitochondria-targeted peptide elamipretide (ELAM; 0.1 mg·kg-1·day-1 sc) for the last month of diet, and lean controls (n = 6 pigs/group). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured using multidetector computed tomography, and podocyte and mitochondrial injury were measured by light and electron microscopy. Urinary levels of podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs; nephrin positive/podocalyxin positive) were characterized by flow cytometry. Body weight, blood pressure, RBF, and GFR were elevated in MetS. Glomerular size and glomerular injury score were also elevated in MetS and decreased after ELAM treatment. Evidence of podocyte injury, impaired podocyte mitochondria, and foot process width were all increased in MetS but restored with ELAM. The urinary concentration of pEVs was elevated in MetS pigs and directly correlated with renal dysfunction, glomerular injury, and fibrosis and inversely correlated with glomerular nephrin expression. Additionally, pEV numbers were elevated in the urine of obese compared with lean human patients. Early MetS induces podocyte injury and mitochondrial damage, which can be blunted by mitoprotection. Urinary pEVs reflecting podocyte injury might represent early markers of MetS-related kidney disease and a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adrian Santelli
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - In O Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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27
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McVey MJ, Maishan M, Blokland KEC, Bartlett N, Kuebler WM. Extracellular vesicles in lung health, disease, and therapy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L977-L989. [PMID: 30892076 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00546.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both physiological homeostasis and pathological disease processes in the lung typically result from complex, yet coordinated multicellular responses that are synchronized via paracrine and endocrine intercellular communication pathways. Of late, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important information shuttles that can coordinate and disseminate homeostatic and disease signals. In parallel, extracellular vesicles in biological fluids such as sputum, mucus, epithelial lining fluid, edema fluid, the pulmonary circulation, pleural fluid, and lymphatics have emerged as promising candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in lung disease. Extracellular vesicles are small, subcellular, membrane-bound vesicles containing cargos from parent cells such as lipids, proteins, genetic information, or entire organelles. These cargos endow extracellular vesicles with biologically active information or functions by which they can reprogram their respective target cells. Recent studies show that extracellular vesicles found in lung-associated biological fluids play key roles as biomarkers and effectors of disease. Conversely, administration of naïve or engineered extracellular vesicles with homeostatic or reparative effects may provide a promising novel protective and regenerative strategy to treat lung disease. To highlight this rapidly developing field, the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology is now launching a special Call for Papers on extracellular vesicles in lung health, disease, and therapy. This review aims to set the stage for this call by introducing extracellular vesicles and their emerging roles in lung physiology and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McVey
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,SickKids Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kaj E C Blokland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Nathan Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
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28
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Hijmans JG, Stockelman K, Levy M, Brewster LM, Bammert TD, Greiner JJ, Connick E, DeSouza CA. Effects of HIV-1 gp120 and TAT-derived microvesicles on endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1242-1249. [PMID: 30789287 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01048.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were twofold. The first was to determine if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat) stimulate the release of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs). The second was to determine whether viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function (inducing endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence and increasing apoptotic susceptibility). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with recombinant HIV-1 proteins Bal gp120 (R5), Lav gp120 (X4), or Tat. EMVs released in response to each viral protein were isolated and quantified. Fresh HAECs were treated with EMVs generated under control conditions and from each of the viral protein conditions for 24 h. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in HAECs treated with R5 (141 ± 21 MV/µl), X4 (132 ± 20 MV/µl), and Tat (130 ± 20 MV/µl) compared with control (61 ± 13 MV/µl). Viral protein EMVs induced significantly higher endothelial cell release of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of cell adhesion molecules than control. Reactive oxygen species production was more pronounced (P < 0.05) in the R5-, X4- and Tat-EMV-treated cells. In addition, viral protein-stimulated EMVs significantly augmented endothelial cell senescence and apoptotic susceptibility. Concomitant with these functional changes, viral protein-stimulated EMVs disrupted cell expression of micro-RNAs 34a, 126, 146a, 181b, 221, and miR-Let-7a (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that HIV-1 gp120 and Tat stimulate microvesicle release from endothelial cells, and these microvesicles confer pathological effects on endothelial cells by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence as well as enhancing susceptibility to apoptosis. Viral protein-generated EMVs may contribute to the increased risk of vascular disease in patients with HIV-1. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-related proteins glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat)-mediated endothelial damage and dysfunction are poorly understood. Endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) serve as indicators and potent mediators of endothelial dysfunction. In the present study we determined if HIV-1 R5- and X4-tropic gp120 and Tat stimulate EMV release in vitro and if viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function. gp120 and Tat induced a marked increase in EMV release. Viral protein-induced EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptotic susceptibility in vitro. gp120- and Tat-derived EMVs promote a proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, prosenescent, and proapoptotic endothelial phenotype and may contribute to the endothelial damage and dysfunction associated with gp120 and Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
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30
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Wilhelm EN, Mourot L, Rakobowchuk M. Exercise-Derived Microvesicles: A Review of the Literature. Sports Med 2018; 48:2025-2039. [PMID: 29868992 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initially suggested as simple cell debris, cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) have now gained acceptance as recognized players in cellular communication and physiology. Shed by most, and perhaps all, human cells, these tiny lipid-membrane vesicles carry bioactive agents, such as proteins, lipids and microRNA from their cell source, and are produced under orchestrated events in response to a myriad of stimuli. Physical exercise introduces systemic physiological challenges capable of acutely disrupting cell homeostasis and stimulating the release of MVs into the circulation. The novel and promising field of exercise-derived MVs is expanding quickly, and the following work provides a review of the influence of exercise on circulating MVs, considering both acute and chronic aspects of exercise and training. Potential effects of the MV response to exercise are highlighted and future directions suggested as exercise and sports sciences extend the realm of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico N Wilhelm
- School of Physical Education, UFPel, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, Três Vendas, Pelotas, RS, 96055-630, Brazil.
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, (Exercise Performance Health Innovation-EPHI), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France.,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark Rakobowchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
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31
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Selective increase of cardiomyocyte derived extracellular vesicles after experimental myocardial infarction and functional effects on the endothelium. Thromb Res 2018; 170:1-9. [PMID: 30081387 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) is mediated by different cell types, secreted proteins, components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and, as increasing evidences suggest, extracellular vesicles (EVs). We aim to determine the dynamics of release and origin of EVs after MI, as well as their biological activity on endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS MI was induced in WT mice and blood and tissues collected at baseline, 3, 15 and 30 days post-ligation for cardiac function (echocardiography) and histological evaluation. Circulating EVs subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry in mouse, and in a small cohort of patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI, n = 6). In vitro, EVs were isolated from a cardiomyocyte cell line (HL1) and their function assayed on ECs. RESULTS Leukocyte and endothelial EVs increased concomitant to inflammatory and angiogenic processes triggered by ischemia. More strikingly, cardiomyocyte EVs (connexin43+) were detected in STEMI patients and in murine MI, where a significant increase in their levels was reported at day 15 post-ischemia (p < 0.05 vs baseline). In vitro, HL1EVs induced ECs migration (p = 0.05) and proliferation (p < 0.05), but impaired tube formation. These apparent contradictory results could be partially explained by the upregulation of MMP3, and the apoptosis and senescence genes, p53 and p16, induced by HL1EVs on ECs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MI induces the release of different EVs subpopulations, including those of cardiac origin, in a preclinical model of MI and STEMI patients. In vitro, cardiomyocyte derived EVs are able to modulate endothelial function, suggesting their active role in heart repair after ischemia.
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32
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Thulin Å, Yan J, Åberg M, Christersson C, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Siegbahn A. Sensitive and Specific Detection of Platelet-Derived and Tissue Factor-Positive Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma Using Solid-Phase Proximity Ligation Assay. TH OPEN 2018; 2:e250-e260. [PMID: 31276087 PMCID: PMC6602879 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from blood cells are promising biomarkers for various diseases. However, they are difficult to measure accurately in plasma due to their small size. Here, we demonstrate that platelet-derived EVs in plasma can be measured using solid-phase proximity ligation assay with high sensitivity and specificity using very small sample volume of biological materials. The results correlate well with high-sensitivity flow cytometry with the difference that the smallest EVs are detected. Briefly, the EVs are first captured on a solid phase, using lactadherin binding, and detection requires recognition with two antibodies followed by qPCR. The assay, using cholera toxin subunit-B or lactadherin as capture agents, also allowed detection of the more rare population of tissue factor (TF)-positive EVs at a concentration similar to sensitive TF activity assays. Thus, this assay can detect different types of EVs with high specificity and sensitivity, and has the potential to be an attractive alternative to flow cytometric analysis of preclinical and clinical samples. Improved techniques for measuring EVs in plasma will hopefully contribute to the understanding of their role in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Thulin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Junhong Yan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Rupert DLM, Mapar M, Shelke GV, Norling K, Elmeskog M, Lötvall JO, Block S, Bally M, Agnarsson B, Höök F. Effective Refractive Index and Lipid Content of Extracellular Vesicles Revealed Using Optical Waveguide Scattering and Fluorescence Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8522-8531. [PMID: 29923735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generating a growing interest because of the key roles they play in various biological processes and because of their potential use as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics and as efficient carriers in drug-delivery and gene-therapy applications. Their full exploitation, however, depends critically on the possibility to classify them into different subpopulations, a task that in turn relies on efficient means to identify their unique biomolecular and physical signatures. Because of the large heterogeneity of EV samples, such information remains rather elusive, and there is accordingly a need for new and complementary characterization schemes that can help expand the library of distinct EV features. In this work, we used surface-sensitive waveguide scattering microscopy with single EV resolution to characterize two subsets of similarly sized EVs that were preseparated based on their difference in buoyant density. Unexpectedly, the scattering intensity distribution revealed that the scattering intensity of the high-density (HD) population was on an average a factor of three lower than that of the low-density (LD) population. By further labeling the EV samples with a self-inserting lipid-membrane dye, the scattering and fluorescence intensities from EVs could be simultaneously measured and correlated at the single-particle level. The labeled HD sample exhibited not only lower fluorescence and scattering intensities but also lower effective refractive index ( n ≈ 1.35) compared with the LD EVs ( n ≈ 1.38), indicating that both the lipid and protein contents were indeed lower in the HD EVs. Although separation in density gradients of similarly sized EVs is usually linked to differences in biomolecular content, we suggest based on these observations that the separation rather reflects the ability of the solute of the gradient to penetrate the lipid membrane enclosing the EVs, that is, the two gradient bands are more likely because of the differences in membrane permeability than to differences in biomolecular content of the EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah L M Rupert
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mokhtar Mapar
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Karin Norling
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mathias Elmeskog
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Jan O Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Stephan Block
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS, UMR168, Physico-Chimie Curie , Paris 75016 , France
| | - Björn Agnarsson
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
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Benedikter BJ, Weseler AR, Wouters EFM, Savelkoul PHM, Rohde GGU, Stassen FRM. Redox-dependent thiol modifications: implications for the release of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2321-2337. [PMID: 29594387 PMCID: PMC5986851 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, are emerging as important regulators of homeostasis and pathophysiology. During pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant conditions, EV release is induced. As EVs released under such conditions often exert pro-inflammatory and procoagulant effects, they may actively promote the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. There is evidence that thiol group-containing antioxidants can prevent EV induction by pro-inflammatory and oxidative stimuli, likely by protecting protein thiols of the EV-secreting cells from oxidation. As the redox state of protein thiols greatly impacts three-dimensional protein structure and, consequently, function, redox modifications of protein thiols may directly modulate EV release in response to changes in the cell's redox environment. In this review article, we discuss targets of redox-dependent thiol modifications that are known or expected to be involved in the regulation of EV release, namely redox-sensitive calcium channels, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor, protein disulfide isomerase, phospholipid flippases, actin filaments, calpains and cell surface-exposed thiols. Thiol protection is proposed as a strategy for preventing detrimental changes in EV signaling in response to inflammation and oxidative stress. Identification of the thiol-containing proteins that modulate EV release in pro-oxidant environments could provide a rationale for broad application of thiol group-containing antioxidants in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birke J Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antje R Weseler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot G U Rohde
- Medical Clinic I, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Frank R M Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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35
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Wang B, Cai W, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Tang K, Zhang Q, Wang X. Circulating microparticles in patients after ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2018; 32:/j/revneuro.ahead-of-print/revneuro-2017-0105/revneuro-2017-0105.xml. [PMID: 29750657 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs), a class of cell products with biological activities, have been found to participate in a series of vascular activities. The aim of this article is to investigate the changes in the concentrations of MPs after ischemic stroke by meta-analysis. According to pre-established criteria, a strict screening of articles was performed through the Medline and Embase databases. Subsequently, the included studies were subjected to quality assessment and data extraction. Finally, a meta-analysis was performed on seven major outcomes from 985 noncerebrovascular disease controls and 988 ischemic stroke patients. The pooled concentrations of total MPs (TMPs), endotheliocyte-derived MPs (EMPs), platelet-derived MPs (PMPs), erythrocyte-derived MPs (RMPs), leukocyte-derived MPs (LMPs), and monocyte-derived MPs (MMPs) were significantly increased in the ischemic stroke patients compared to the noncerebrovascular disease controls, with the results as follows: TMPs [standardized mean difference (SMD), 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26-1.97; p=0.01], EMPs (SMD, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.67-1.13; p<0.00001), PMPs (SMD, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.69-1.60; p<0.00001), RMPs (SMD, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.57-1.71; p<0.0001), LMPs (SMD, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.74-2.10; p<0.0001), and MMPs (SMD, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.59-1.60; p<0.0001). However, the pooled concentration of lymphocyte-derived MPs (LyMPs) demonstrated no significant difference between the patients and the controls (SMD, 0.22; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.63; p=0.29). The available data indicated that the circulating MPs, except for LyMPs, play an important role in the development and prognosis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicines for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Wang Cai
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicines for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicines for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, 6 Changjiang Road, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicines for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, 6 Changjiang Road, Tianjin 300100, China
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Oikonomou E, Tousoulis D. Circulating microparticles: Simply a research tool or a candidate clinical meaningful biomarker? Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:275-276. [PMID: 29544942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Shill DD, Lansford KA, Hempel HK, Call JA, Murrow JR, Jenkins NT. Effect of exercise intensity on circulating microparticles in men and women. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:693-700. [PMID: 29469165 DOI: 10.1113/ep086644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of exercise intensity on circulating microparticle populations in young, healthy men and women? What is the main finding and its importance? Acute, moderate-intensity continuous exercise and high-intensity interval exercise altered distinct microparticle populations during and after exercise in addition to a sex-specific response in CD62E+ microparticles. The microparticles studied contribute to cardiovascular disease progression, regulate vascular function and facilitate new blood vessel formation. Thus, characterizing the impact of intensity on exercise-induced microparticle responses advances our understanding of potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial vascular adaptations to exercise. ABSTRACT Circulating microparticles (MPs) are biological vectors of information within the cardiovascular system that elicit both deleterious and beneficial effects on the vasculature. Acute exercise has been shown to alter MP concentrations, probably through a shear stress-dependent mechanism, but evidence is limited. Therefore, we investigated the effect of exercise intensity on plasma levels of CD34+ and CD62E+ MPs in young, healthy men and women. Blood samples were collected before, during and after two energy-matched bouts of acute treadmill exercise: interval exercise (10 × 1 min intervals at ∼95% of maximal oxygen uptake V̇O2max) and continuous exercise (65% V̇O2max). Continuous exercise, but not interval exercise, reduced CD62E+ MP concentrations in men and women by 18% immediately after exercise (from 914.5 ± 589.6 to 754.4 ± 390.5 MPs μl-1 ; P < 0.05), suggesting that mechanisms underlying exercise-induced CD62E+ MP dynamics are intensity dependent. Furthermore, continuous exercise reduced CD62E+ MPs in women by 19% (from 1030.6 ± 688.1 to 829.9 ± 435.4 MPs μl-1 ; P < 0.05), but not in men. Although interval exercise did not alter CD62E+ MPs per se, the concentrations after interval exercise were higher than those observed after continuous exercise (P < 0.05). Conversely, CD34+ MPs did not fluctuate in response to short-duration acute continuous or interval exercise in men or women. Our results suggest that exercise-induced MP alterations are intensity dependent and sex specific and impact MP populations differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kasey A Lansford
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah K Hempel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Murrow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Augusta University-University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanometer-scale particles, include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by most cell types, such as bone marrow stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. In bone-remodeling microenvironments, EVs deliver specific proteins (e.g., tenascin C and Sema4D), microRNAs (e.g., miR-214-3p, miR-183-5p, and miR-196a), and other growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein 1 to 7 and transforming growth factor β1) to osteoblasts and regulate bone formation. In addition, EVs can deliver cytokines, such as RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB) and RANKL (RANK ligand), and microRNAs, such as miR-218 and miR-148a, to modulate osteoclast differentiation during bone resorption. EVs also transfer bioactive molecules and have targeted therapies in bone-related diseases. Moreover, bioactive molecules in EVs are biomarkers in bone-related diseases. We highlight the emerging role of EVs in bone remodeling during physiologic and pathologic conditions and summarize the role of EVs in tooth development and regeneration. At the end of this review, we discuss the challenges of EV application in the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- 1 Department of Endodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sun
- 2 Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Zhang
- 1 Department of Endodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Bain AR, Ainslie PN, Bammert TD, Hijmans JG, Sekhon M, Hoiland RL, Flück D, Donnelly J, DeSouza CA. Passive heat stress reduces circulating endothelial and platelet microparticles. Exp Physiol 2018; 102:663-669. [PMID: 28397383 DOI: 10.1113/ep086336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does passive heat stress of +2°C oesophageal temperature change concentrations of circulating arterial endothelial- and platelet-derived microparticles in healthy adults? What is the main finding and its importance? Concentrations of circulating endothelial- and platelet-derived microparticles were markedly decreased in heat stress. Reductions in circulating microparticles might indicate favourable vascular changes associated with non-pathological hyperthermia. Interest in circulating endothelial- and platelet-derived microparticles (EMPs and PMPs, respectively) has increased because of their potential pathogenic role in vascular disease and as biomarkers for vascular health. Hyperthermia is commonly associated with a pro-inflammatory stress but might also provide vascular protection when the temperature elevation is non-pathological. Circulating microparticles might contribute to the cellular adjustments and resultant vascular impacts of hyperthermia. Here, we determined whether circulating concentrations of arterial EMPs and PMPs are altered by passive heat stress (+2°C oesophageal temperature). Ten healthy young men (age 23 ± 3 years) completed the study. Hyperthermia was achieved by circulating ∼49°C water through a water-perfused suit that covered the entire body except the hands, feet and head. Arterial (radial) blood samples were obtained immediately before heating (normothermia) and in hyperthermia. The mean ± SD oesophageal temperature in normothermia was 37.2 ± 0.1°C and in hyperthermia 39.1 ± 0.1°C. Concentrations of circulating EMPs and PMPs were markedly decreased in hyperthermia. Activation-derived EMPs were reduced by ∼30% (mean ± SD; from 61 ± 8 to 43 ± 7 microparticles μl-1 ; P < 0.05) and apoptosis-derived EMPs by ∼45% (from 46 ± 7 to 23 ± 3 microparticles μl-1 ; P < 0.05). Likewise, circulating PMPs were reduced by ∼75% in response to hyperthermia (from 256 ± 43 to 62 ± 14 microparticles μl-1 ). These beneficial reductions in circulating EMPs and PMPs in response to a 2°C increase in core temperature might partly underlie the reported vascular improvements following therapeutic bouts of physiological hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Bain
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Faculty of Health and Social Development, Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mypinder Sekhon
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela Flück
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Donnelly
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Monteiro VVS, Reis JF, de Souza Gomes R, Navegantes KC, Monteiro MC. Dual Behavior of Exosomes in Septic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 998:101-112. [PMID: 28936735 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the main causes of ICU hospitalization worldwide, with a high mortality rate, and is associated with a large number of comorbidities. One of the main comorbidities associated with sepsis is septic cardiomyopathy. This process occurs mainly due to mechanisms of damage in the cardiovascular system that will lead to changes in cardiovascular physiology, such as decreased Ca2+ response, mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased β-adrenergic receptor response. Within this process the exosomes play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease, in which the exosomal content is related to mechanisms that will trigger its development. After platelet activation through ROS exposition, exosomes containing high concentrations of NADPH are released in heart blood vessels, those exosomes will be internalized in endothelial cells leading to cell death and cardiac dysfunction. On the opposite, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells contain miR-223, that have anti-inflammatory properties, are released in less quantities in septic patients causing an imbalance that leads to cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordano Ferreira Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Rafaelli de Souza Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Kely Campos Navegantes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
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41
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Zhang W, Chen S, Liu ML. Pathogenic roles of microvesicles in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1-11. [PMID: 28713160 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and has been recognized as the leading cause of blindness in adults. Several interrelated molecular pathways are involved in the development of DR. Microvesicles (MVs) are cell membrane vesicles, which carry many biologic molecules, such as mRNAs, microRNAs, transcription factors, membrane lipids, membrane receptors, and other proteins. They may be involved in intercellular communication that can promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and coagulation. Recent studies have indicated that changes in the number and composition of MVs may reflect the pathologic conditions of DR. At present, MVs are well recognized as being involved in the pathophysiological conditions of tumors and cardio-metabolic diseases. However, the roles of MVs in DR have yet to be investigated. In this review, we provide an overview of DR-induced microvascular injury that is caused by MVs derived from endothelial and circulating cells, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which MVs can lead to endothelial dysfunction, coagulation and inflammation. In addition, the protective effects of preconditioned MVs and stem cell-derived MVs are also described . Understanding the involvement of MVs in the pathophysiological conditions of DR may provide insight into the disease mechanisms and may suggest novel therapeutic strategies for DR in the future.
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42
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Bern MM. Extracellular vesicles: how they interact with endothelium, potentially contributing to metastatic cancer cell implants. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:33. [PMID: 28933058 PMCID: PMC5607152 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are blebs of cellular membranes, which entrap small portions of subjacent cytosol. They are released from a variety of cells, circulate in the blood for an unknown length of time and come to rest on endothelial surfaces. They contribute to an array of physiologic pathways, the complexity of which is still being investigated. They contribute to metastatic malignant cell implants and tumor-related angiogenesis, possibly abetted by the tissue factor that they carry. It is thought that the adherence of the EV to endothelium is dependent upon a combination of their P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and exposed phosphatidylserine, the latter of which is normally hidden on the inner bilayer of the intact cellular membrane. This manuscript reviews what is known about EV origins, their clearance from the circulation and how they contribute to malignant cell implants upon endothelium surfaces and subsequent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray M Bern
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1201 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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43
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Abstract
Exosomes are small, extracellular membrane-bound particles that mediate intercellular transport of a cytosolic cargo. Exosomal transfer of micro-RNA can modify gene expression in targeted cells. Exosome-based endocrine/paracrine signaling has been shown to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes including those associated with cardiovascular injury and disease, but remains relatively poorly understood. Exosomes offer great potential to the clinical field, with applications in both diagnostics and therapeutics. A stable, circulating form of micro-RNA exists in blood protected from endogenous nucleases. This population of micro-RNA, which includes both exosomal and non-exosomal fractions, may be isolated from blood and exploited as a novel disease biomarker with the potential to deliver increased specificity and rapid diagnosis compared to conventional biomarkers. Exosomes also offer a natural drug-delivery vehicle, providing immune evasion and specific targeting through engineering of surface-displayed ligands. Much of the cardioprotective and regenerative benefits of stem-cell grafts are now thought to derive from paracrine signaling rather than direct tissue incorporation and therefore stem cell-derived exosomes offer the potential for a convenient cell-free therapeutic option, eliminating many of the risks and variability associated with stem-cell therapy. In this review, we consider the potential applications of this emerging field to cardiovascular medicine, taking myocardial infarction as our primary example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain M Dykes
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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44
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Kwon SH, Woollard JR, Saad A, Garovic VD, Zand L, Jordan KL, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Elevated urinary podocyte-derived extracellular microvesicles in renovascular hypertensive patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:800-807. [PMID: 27190371 PMCID: PMC5837786 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased number of podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) may reflect podocyte injury in renal disease. Elevated glomerular pressure and other insults may injure podocytes, yet it remains unclear whether the numbers of pEVs are altered in hypertensive patients. We tested the hypothesis that urinary pEV levels would be elevated in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) compared with essential hypertension (EH) or healthy volunteers (HVs). METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients with EH ( n = 30) or RVH ( n = 31) to study renal blood flow (RBF) and cortical perfusion using multidetector computed tomography under controlled condition (regulated sodium intake and renin-angiotensin blockade). After isolation from urine samples, pEVs (nephrin and podocalyxin positive) were characterized by flow cytometry. Fourteen RVH patients were studied again 3 months after stenting or continued medical therapy. HVs ( n = 15) served as controls. RESULTS The fraction of pEV among urinary EVs was elevated in RVH compared with HVs and EH (11.4 ± 6.4, 6.8 ± 3.4 and 6.3 ± 3.7%, respectively; P < 0.001) and remained unchanged after 3 additional months of therapy and after controlling for clinical parameters. However, eGFR- and age-adjusted pEV levels did not correlate with any clinical or renal parameters. CONCLUSIONS In hypertensive patients under controlled conditions, urinary pEV levels are elevated in patients with RVH and low eGFR compared with patients with EH and relatively preserved renal function. These pEVs may reflect podocyte injury secondary to kidney damage, and their levels might represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hyo Kwon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - John R. Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ahmed Saad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vesna D. Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ladan Zand
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen C. Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Christersson C, Thulin Å, Siegbahn A. Microparticles during long-term follow-up after acute myocardial infarction. Association to atherosclerotic burden and risk of cardiovascular events. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1571-1581. [PMID: 28424820 DOI: 10.1160/th16-11-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are formed from platelets (PMPs), endothelial cells (EMPs) and monocytes (MMPs), and in acute myocardial infarction (MI), there is an increase of MPs in the culprit artery. In this study MPs were evaluated in whole blood in 105 patients with MI at five time-points during a two-year follow-up (FU). Patients with non-ST-elevated MI had higher concentrations of CD41+MPs compared to ST-elevated MI patients (p=0.024). The concentrations of PMPs in whole blood increased during the time period (p<0.001), but no significant change over time was found for EMPs and MMPs. CD62P+MP counts were higher in MI patients with diabetes (p=0.020), and patients with hypertension had increased levels of CD14+MPs (p=0.004). The amount of CD62P+TF+MPs increased significantly during FU (p<0.001). Patients with atherosclerosis in three arterial beds, i. e. coronary, carotid and peripheral arteries, had lower concentrations of CD62P+TF+MPs (p=0.035) and CD144+TF+MPs (p=0.004) compared to patients with atherosclerosis in one or two arterial beds. Higher concentrations of CD62P+MPs early after MI were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events during FU, hazard ratio 3.32 (95 %CI1.20-9.31). Only small variations in PMP, EMP and MMP concentrations were found during long-term FU after MI and their levels seem to reflect the underlying cardiovascular disease rather than the acute MI. PMPs expressing P-selectin might be a promising biomarker for predicting future cardiovascular events, but further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Christersson
- Christina Christersson, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, SE 75185 Uppsala, Sweden, Tel.: +46 18 611 9068, E-mail:
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Akbari S, Abou-Arkoub R, Sun S, Hiremath S, Reunov A, McCormick BB, Ruzicka M, Burger D. Microparticle Formation in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Proof of Concept Study. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2017; 4:2054358117699829. [PMID: 28540060 PMCID: PMC5433663 DOI: 10.1177/2054358117699829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury to the mesothelial layer of the peritoneal membrane during peritoneal dialysis (PD) is implicated in loss of ultrafiltration capacity, but there are no validated biomarkers for mesothelial cell injury. Microparticles (MPs) are 0.1 to 1.0 µm membrane vesicles shed from the cell surface following injury and are sensitive markers of tissue damage. Formation of MPs in the peritoneal cavity during PD has not been reported to date. METHODS We designed a single-center, proof of concept study to assess whether peritoneal solution exposure induces formation of mesothelial MPs suggestive of PD membrane injury. We examined MP levels in PD effluents by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), flow cytometry, procoagulant activity, and Western blot. RESULTS NTA identified particles in the size range of 30 to 900 nm, with a mean of 240 (SE: 10 nm). MP levels increased in a progressive manner during a 4-hour PD dwell. Electron microscopy confirmed size and morphology of vesicles consistent with characteristics of MPs as well as the presence of mesothelin on the surface. Western blot analysis of the MP fraction also identified the presence of mesothelin after 4 hours, suggesting that MPs found in PD effluents may arise from mesothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MPs are formed and accumulate in the peritoneal cavity during PD, possibly as a stress response. Assessing levels of MPs in PD effluents may be useful as a biomarker for peritoneal membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareef Akbari
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Suzy Sun
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Swapnil Hiremath
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brendan B McCormick
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcel Ruzicka
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Balbi C, Piccoli M, Barile L, Papait A, Armirotti A, Principi E, Reverberi D, Pascucci L, Becherini P, Varesio L, Mogni M, Coviello D, Bandiera T, Pozzobon M, Cancedda R, Bollini S. First Characterization of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as a Powerful Paracrine Tool Endowed with Regenerative Potential. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1340-1355. [PMID: 28271621 PMCID: PMC5442724 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFS) have shown a distinct secretory profile and significant regenerative potential in several preclinical models of disease. Nevertheless, little is known about the detailed characterization of their secretome. Herein we show for the first time that hAFS actively release extracellular vesicles (EV) endowed with significant paracrine potential and regenerative effect. c‐KIT+ hAFS were isolated from leftover samples of amniotic fluid from prenatal screening and stimulated to enhance EV release (24 hours 20% O2 versus 1% O2 preconditioning). The capacity of the c‐KIT+ hAFS‐derived EV (hAFS‐EV) to induce proliferation, survival, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The hAFS‐EV regenerative potential was also assessed in a model of skeletal muscle atrophy (HSA‐Cre, SmnF7/F7 mice), in which mouse AFS transplantation was previously shown to enhance muscle strength and survival. hAFS secreted EV ranged from 50 up to 1,000 nm in size. In vitro analysis defined their role as biological mediators of regenerative, paracrine effects while their modulatory role in decreasing skeletal muscle inflammation in vivo was shown for the first time. Hypoxic preconditioning significantly induced the enrichment of exosomes endowed with regenerative microRNAs within the hAFS‐EV. In conclusion, this is the first study showing that c‐KIT+ hAFS dynamically release EV endowed with remarkable paracrine potential, thus representing an appealing tool for future regenerative therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1340–1355
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, CardioCentro Ticino Foundation_CCT, Lugano Switzerland
| | - Andrea Papait
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, IIT-Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Principi
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Mogni
- Human Genetics Laboratory, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Tiziano Bandiera
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, IIT-Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Tremblay JC, Thom SR, Yang M, Ainslie PN. Oscillatory shear stress, flow-mediated dilatation, and circulating microparticles at sea level and high altitude. Atherosclerosis 2016; 256:115-122. [PMID: 28010936 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exposing the endothelium to acute periods of imposed oscillatory shear stress reduces endothelial function and elevates circulating microparticles (MPs). Oscillatory shear stress may be especially pathogenic when superimposed on hypoxia, an environmental stimulus that disrupts the endothelial milieu. We examined the effects of acute manipulation of oscillatory shear stress on endothelial function and circulating MPs at sea level (SL) and high altitude (HA). METHODS Healthy adults (n = 12) participated, once at SL and once on the second or third day at HA (3800 m). Oscillatory shear stress was provoked using a 30-min distal cuff occlusion intervention (75 mmHg). Endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after the intervention in the brachial artery by reactive hyperaemia flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Venous blood samples of MPs (flow cytometry) were obtained before and during the last five minutes of the shear intervention. RESULTS At baseline, circulating MPs were two-fold higher at HA (p = 0.011) and brachial artery diameter was constricted (p = 0.015). Although the intervention at SL increased endothelial-derived MPs by 83 ± 39% (mean ± SEM; p = 0.021), FMD was unaltered. Conversely, at HA, the intervention elicited a 26 ± 11% reduction in FMD (p = 0.020); this reduction was inversely correlated with the change in total circulating MPs (r = -0.737, p = 0.006) and the change in endothelial-derived MPs (r = -0.614, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS The vascular endothelium appears to be susceptible to periods of oscillatory shear stress at HA, where impairments in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation may be amplified by endothelial injury. These findings have important implications for understanding the early impact of clinical situations of hypoxaemia on the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Tremblay
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
| | - Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
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Templin T, Sharma P, Guida P, Grabham P. Short-Term Effects of Low-LET Radiation on the Endothelial Barrier: Uncoupling of PECAM-1 and the Production of Endothelial Microparticles. Radiat Res 2016; 186:602-613. [PMID: 27905868 DOI: 10.1667/rr14510.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A significant target for radiation-induced effects is the microvascular system, which is critical to healthy tissue function and its pathology is linked to disrupted endothelial barrier function. Low-linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation is a source of noncancer pathologies in humans and little is known about the early events that could initiate subsequent diseases. However, it is well known that gamma radiation causes a very early disruption of the endothelial barrier at doses below those required for cytotoxic effects. After irradiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to doses as low as 2 Gy, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is transiently reduced at 3 h, and the platelet-derived endothothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1 or CD31) is uncoupled from the cells along with the release of endothelial microparticles (EMPs). In this study, we measured TEER reduction as an indicator of barrier function loss, and specifically examined the shedding of EMPs from human endothelial barrier models after a variety of low-LET irradiations, including photons and charged particles. Our findings showed two TEER responses, dependent on radiation type and environmental conditions. The first response was diminishing oscillations of TEER, which occurred during the first 10 h postirradiation. This response occurred after a 5 Gy proton or helium-ion (1 GeV/n) dose in addition to a 5 Gy gamma or X radiation dose. This occurred only in the presence of multiple growth factors and did not show a dose response, nor was it associated with EMP release. The second response was a single acute drop in TEER at 3 h after photon irradiation. Dose response was observed and was associated with the shedding of EMPs in 2D barrier cultures and in 3D vessel models. In this case, helium-ion and proton irradiations did not induce a drop in TEER or shedding of EMPs. The photon radiation effects was observed both in serum-free media and in the presence of multiple growth factors, indicating that it occurs under a range of environmental conditions. These results show an acute response of the human endothelial barrier that is relevant to photon irradiation. Significantly, it involves the release of EMPs, which have recently attracted attention due to their emerging clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Templin
- a Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Preety Sharma
- a Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Peter Guida
- b Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biosciences Department, Upton, New York
| | - Peter Grabham
- a Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Li KY, Zheng L, Wang Q, Hu YW. Characteristics of erythrocyte-derived microvesicles and its relation with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:140-144. [PMID: 27871771 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles are formed under many circumstances, especially in atheromatous plaques. Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles (ErMVs) have been proved to promote atherosclerosis by promoting hypercoagulation, mediating inflammation and inducing cell adhesion. Several clinical studies have reported potential roles of ErMVs in cardiovascular disease diagnosis, but the current understanding of ErMVs remains insufficient. In this paper, we will review current research on the formation and degradation of ErMVs and the possible effects of ErMVs in atherosclerosis, discuss potential clinical applications in cardiovascular disease, and hope to raise awareness of the relation with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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