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Letonja J, Petrovič D. A Review of MicroRNAs and lncRNAs in Atherosclerosis as Well as Some Major Inflammatory Conditions Affecting Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1322. [PMID: 38927529 PMCID: PMC11201627 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. The link between atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via metabolic, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory pathways is well established. The aim of our review was to summarize the associations between selected microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and atherosclerosis, psoriasis, T2DM, and RA. We reviewed the role of miR-146a, miR-210, miR-143, miR-223, miR-126, miR-21, miR-155, miR-145, miR-200, miR-133, miR-135, miR-221, miR-424, let-7, lncRNA-H19, lncRNA-MEG3, lncRNA-UCA1, and lncRNA-XIST in atherosclerosis and psoriasis, T2DM, and RA. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a method of intracellular signal transduction. Their function depends on surface expression, cargo, and the cell from which they originate. The majority of the studies that investigated lncRNAs and some miRs had relatively small sample sizes, which limits the generalizability of their findings and indicates the need for more research. Based on the studies reviewed, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-145, miR-200, miR-133, and lncRNA-H19 are the most promising potential biomarkers and, possibly, therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis as well as T2DM, RA, and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Letonja
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Petrovič
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Felipo-Benavent M, Valls M, Monteiro MC, Jávega B, García-Párraga D, Rubio-Guerri C, Martínez-Romero A, O’Connor JE. Platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle production as health bioindicators in marine mammals. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393977. [PMID: 38799726 PMCID: PMC11117335 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In human medicine, various pathologies, including decompression sickness, thrombocytopenia, and rheumatoid arthritis, have been linked to changes in cellular microparticles (MP) formation, particularly platelet microparticles (PMP). Similar disorders in marine mammals might be attributed to anthropogenic threats or illnesses, potentially impacting blood PMP levels. Thus, detecting platelet phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and PMP formation could serve as a crucial diagnostic and monitoring approach for these conditions in marine mammals. Our group has developed a methodology to assess real-time PS exposure and PMP formation specifically tailored for marine mammals. This method, pioneered in species such as bottlenose dolphins, beluga whales, walruses, and California sea lions, represents a novel approach with significant implications for both clinical assessment and further research into platelet function in these animals. The adapted methodology for evaluating PS exposure and PMP formation in marine mammals has yielded promising results. By applying this approach, we have observed significant correlations between alterations in PMP levels and specific pathologies or environmental factors. These findings underscore the potential of platelet function assessment as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in marine mammal health. The successful adaptation and application of this methodology in marine mammals highlight its utility for understanding and managing health concerns in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Felipo-Benavent
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Valls
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Céu Monteiro
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Jávega
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José-Enrique O’Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Argentino G, Olivieri B, Barbieri A, Beri R, Bason C, Friso S, Tinazzi E. Exploring the Utility of Circulating Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Markers of Health and Damage of Vasal Endothelium in Systemic Sclerosis Patients Treated with Iloprost. Biomedicines 2024; 12:295. [PMID: 38397897 PMCID: PMC10886571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (eEVs) are released from endothelial cells, signifying endothelial integrity. Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare disease causing skin and organ fibrosis with early vascular damage. Iloprost, an SSc treatment, might affect eEV release, showing long-term benefits. We aimed to study eEVs in SSc, potentially serving as disease markers and linked to Iloprost's impact on organ involvement. We included 54 SSc patients and 15 healthy donors. Using flow cytometry on platelet-poor plasma (PPP) with specific antibodies (CD144, CD146, AnnexinV), we detected endothelial extracellular vesicles. Results showed fewer eEVs from apoptotic or normal cells in SSc patients than healthy controls. Specifically, patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and lung issues had reduced eEVs from apoptotic endothelial cells (CD146+ AnnV+). No notable differences were seen in CD144 endothelial markers between patients and controls. After 1-day Iloprost infusion, there was an increase in eEVs, but not after 5 days. These findings suggest circulating eEVs reflect endothelial health/damage, crucial in early SSc stages. A 1-day Iloprost infusion seems effective in repairing endothelial damage, critical in scleroderma vasculopathy. Differences in marker outcomes may relate to CD146's surface expression and CD144's junctional location in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Argentino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Bianca Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Alessandro Barbieri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ruggero Beri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Caterina Bason
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Simonetta Friso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (B.O.); (R.B.); (C.B.); (S.F.); (E.T.)
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Rydland A, Heinicke F, Flåm ST, Mjaavatten MD, Lie BA. Small extracellular vesicles have distinct CD81 and CD9 tetraspanin expression profiles in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2867-2875. [PMID: 36826611 PMCID: PMC10543154 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but little is known about the composition of specific small EV (sEV) subpopulations. This study aimed to characterize the CD63, CD81 and CD9 tetraspanin profile in the membrane of single EVs in plasma from treatment naïve RA patients and assess potential discrepancies between methotrexate (MTX) responder groups. EVs isolated from plasma were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, and detection of surface markers (CD63, CD81 and CD9) on single EVs was performed on the ExoView platform. All RA patients (N = 8) were newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, females, ACPA positive and former smokers. The controls (N = 5) were matched for age and gender. After three months of MTX treatment, responders (N = 4) were defined as those with ΔDAS28 > 1.2 and DAS28 ≤ 3.2 post-treatment. The isolated EVs were 50-200 nm in size. The RA patients had a higher proportion of both CD9 and CD81 single positive sEVs compared to healthy controls, while there was a decrease in CD81/CD9 double positive sEVs in patients. Stratification of RA patients into MTX responders and non-responders revealed a distinctly higher proportion of CD81 single positive sEVs in the responder group. The proportion of CD81/CD9 double positive sEVs (anti-CD9 captured) was lower in the non-responders, but increased upon 3 months of MTX treatment. Our exploratory study revealed distinct tetraspanin profiles in RA patients suggesting their implication in RA pathophysiology and MTX treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rydland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Fatima Heinicke
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri T Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria D Mjaavatten
- Division of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Rother N, Yanginlar C, Pieterse E, Hilbrands L, van der Vlag J. Microparticles in Autoimmunity: Cause or Consequence of Disease? Front Immunol 2022; 13:822995. [PMID: 35514984 PMCID: PMC9065258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small (100 nm - 1 um) extracellular vesicles derived from the plasma membrane of dying or activated cells. MPs are important mediators of intercellular communication, transporting proteins, nucleic acids and lipids from the parent cell to other cells. MPs resemble the state of their parent cells and are easily accessible when released into the blood or urine. MPs also play a role in the pathogenesis of different diseases and are considered as potential biomarkers. MP isolation and characterization is technically challenging and results in different studies are contradictory. Therefore, uniform guidelines to isolate and characterize MPs should be developed. Our understanding of MP biology and how MPs play a role in different pathological mechanisms has greatly advanced in recent years. MPs, especially if derived from apoptotic cells, possess strong immunogenic properties due to the presence of modified proteins and nucleic acids. MPs are often found in patients with autoimmune diseases where MPs for example play a role in the break of immunological tolerance and/or induction of inflammatory conditions. In this review, we describe the main techniques to isolate and characterize MPs, define the characteristics of MPs generated during cell death, illustrate different mechanism of intercellular communication via MPs and summarize the role of MPs in pathological mechanisms with a particular focus on autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rother
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yanginlar
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elmar Pieterse
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Schioppo T, Ubiali T, Ingegnoli F, Bollati V, Caporali R. The role of extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:3481-3497. [PMID: 33544235 PMCID: PMC8357675 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that carries high social and economic costs and can lead to permanent disability. RA pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated yet. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-contained vesicles released by cells playing a role in cell-to-cell communication and they could be involved in different diseases. Evidence on the involvement of EVs in RA is currently inconclusive. Therefore, a systematic review on the role of EVs in RA was performed in order to explore this relationship. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase up to March 5, 2020: 41 studies were analyzed out of 674 screened. The total plasmatic and synovial fluid (SF) EV number seems increased in RA as compared with healthy controls. Both RA plasma and SF contained EVs subpopulations of heterogenous origin, especially derived from platelets and immune system cells. No univocal evidence emerged on miRNA expression and EV content profile within RA patients. EVs showed to enhance pro-inflammatory pathways, such as cytokines and chemokine release and TNF blockade seemed to revert this effect. Our work highlights the requirement to standardize study methodologies in order to make results comparable and draw conclusions that remain, at present, unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schioppo
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tania Ubiali
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- EPIGET LAB, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Stojanovic A, Veselinovic M, Zong Y, Jakovljevic V, Pruner I, Antovic A. Increased Expression of Extracellular Vesicles Is Associated With the Procoagulant State in Patients With Established Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718845. [PMID: 34394126 PMCID: PMC8358654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to identify different subpopulations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma from female patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to the activation of coagulation and fibrin formation in these patients. Forty women were included in the study, 20 patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls. The mean disease duration in patients was 13.0 (5.0-25.0) years, with medium to high disease activity despite ongoing treatment with low-dose prednisolone and methotrexate. There were no differences between the investigated groups regarding the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The concentration of phosphatidylserine-positive (PS+) EVs; platelet (CD42a+), leucocyte (CD45+), monocyte (CD14+), and endothelial (CD144+)-derived EVs; and EVs-expressing tissue factor (CD142+), P-selectin (CD62P+), and E-selectin (CD62E+) were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Overall hemostasis potential (OHP) was assessed to follow the hemostatic disturbances, including the parameters for overall coagulation potential (OCP) and overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP). Fibrin clot turbidity was measured together with clot lysis time, and scanning electron microscopy was performed. Increased concentrations of PS+, CD42a+, CD142+, CD45+, CD14+, and CD62P+ EVs were found in plasma from patients with RA compared to healthy controls, and the concentrations of PS+, CD42a+, CD14+, and CD62P+ EVs were positively correlated with the inflammatory parameters in RA patients. Positive correlations were also found between the levels of PS+ and CD42a+ EVs and OCP as well as between the levels of PS+, CD42a+, and CD62P+EVs and OHP. The levels of PS+, CD42a+, CD14+, CD62P+, and CD62E+ EVs were negatively correlated with OFP. Elevated levels of circulating EVs of different cell origins were found in patients with established RA, in relation to the inflammatory burden and coagulation activation in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Veselinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Yanan Zong
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iva Pruner
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Antovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Specialist Center, Center for Rheumatology, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Patients with autoimmune chronic inflammatory diseases present increased biomarkers of thromboinflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the absence of flares and cardiovascular comorbidities. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:10-16. [PMID: 34224067 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk is increased in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Endothelial, erythrocyte and platelet microvesicles (MVs) are elevated in patients with cardiovascular diseases and represent novel markers of endothelial dysfunction and thromboinflammation. We tested whether their levels are increased in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in the absence of disease flare and cardiovascular comorbidities. Well-controlled patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus were studied, provided they were free from cardiovascular comorbidities and established cardiovascular disease. We additionally studied (a) a control group consisting of healthy volunteers and (b) a reference group including patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). MVs were measured using a standardized flow cytometry protocol. In a population of 74 participants, patients with ARDs (n = 17) presented increased levels of both endothelial (283.3 ± 195.0/μL vs 168.5 ± 54.8/μL, p = 0.029) and platelet MVs (374.0 ± 275.3/μL vs 225.7 ± 101.1/μL, p = 0.046) compared to controls (n = 34), whereas erythrocyte MVs did not significantly differ. In addition, patients with ARDs showed similar levels of endothelial MVs compared to CAD patients (n = 23) (283.3 ± 195.0/μL vs 297.0 ± 211.8/μL, p = 0.846). Platelet MVs were significantly associated with disease duration, and erythrocyte MVs with patients' perceived disease activity. In conclusion, increased levels of endothelial and platelet MVs may be evident in patients with ARDs, even in the absence of disease flares and before the establishment of cardiovascular complications. Levels of endothelial MVs resemble those of patients with profound atherothrombotic profile. The prognostic potential of MVs in terms of cardiovascular disease prevention warrants further investigation in patients with ARDs.
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Herrmann M, Diederichs S, Melnik S, Riegger J, Trivanović D, Li S, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Brenner RE, Huber-Lang M, Zaucke F, Schildberg FA, Grässel S. Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Pathologies and Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:624096. [PMID: 33553127 PMCID: PMC7855463 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.624096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is steadily increasing with aging of the population. In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention in musculoskeletal research. EVs have been associated with various musculoskeletal pathologies as well as suggested as treatment option. EVs play a pivotal role in communication between cells and their environment. Thereby, the EV cargo is highly dependent on their cellular origin. In this review, we summarize putative mechanisms by which EVs can contribute to musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis, regeneration and disease, in particular matrix remodeling and mineralization, pro-angiogenic effects and immunomodulatory activities. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present the most frequently used cell source for EV generation for musculoskeletal applications, and herein we discuss how the MSC phenotype can influence the cargo and thus the regenerative potential of EVs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPs) may overcome current limitations of MSCs, and iMP-derived EVs are discussed as an alternative strategy. In the last part of the article, we focus on therapeutic applications of EVs and discuss both practical considerations for EV production and the current state of EV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Herrmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Solvig Diederichs
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svitlana Melnik
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shushan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the data on the role of endothelial dysfunction and the impact of hypertension as a potent mediator of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RECENT FINDINGS RA represents the most common autoimmune rheumatic disorder and is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation predisposing to cardiovascular complications. Cardiovascular mortality is increased among patients with RA and represents the leading cause of death. Although the exact prevalence is debated, hypertension is increased in RA. Hypertension acts synergistically with chronic inflammation and accounts, at least partially, for the increased cardiovascular morbidity in this group of patients. Endothelial dysfunction is considered a primary process in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases and contributes significantly to the development and progression of the associated micro- and macrovascular complications. Even though several studies in patients with RA have shown the presence of endothelial dysfunction with traditional methods, novel biochemical and vascular methods for the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction have been scarcely applied. In addition, it remains unclear whether and to which extent endothelial dysfunction in RA is present regardless of concomitant hypertension, even in well-controlled patients. Hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic systemic inflammation appear as a mutually reinforcing triad aggravating cardiovascular risk in patients with RA. Detection of endothelial dysfunction in patients with RA in the early stages further aiming at the development of novel therapeutic targets might contribute to prevention of cardiovascular complications and remains under investigation.
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100694. [PMID: 32340775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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12
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Maione F, Cappellano G, Bellan M, Raineri D, Chiocchetti A. Chicken-or-egg question: Which came first, extracellular vesicles or autoimmune diseases? J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:601-616. [PMID: 32108378 PMCID: PMC7496139 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0120-232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted great interest as contributors to autoimmune disease (AD) pathogenesis, owing to their immunomodulatory potential; they may also play a role in triggering tolerance disruption, by delivering auto‐antigens. EVs are released by almost all cell types, and afford paracrine or distal cell communication, functioning as biological carriers of active molecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Depending on stimuli from the external microenvironment or on their cargo, EVs can promote or suppress immune responses. ADs are triggered by inappropriate immune‐system activation against the self, but their precise etiology is still poorly understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that lifestyle and diet have a strong impact on their clinical onset and development. However, to date the mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis are not fully clarified, and reliable markers, which would provide early prediction and disease progression monitoring, are lacking. In this connection, EVs have recently been indicated as a promising source of AD biomarkers. Although EV isolation is currently based on differential centrifugation or density‐gradient ultracentrifugation, the resulting co‐isolation of contaminants (i.e., protein aggregates), and the pooling of all EVs in one sample, limit this approach to abundantly‐expressed EVs. Flow cytometry is one of the most promising methods for detecting EVs as biomarkers, and may have diagnostic applications. Furthermore, very recent findings describe a new method for identifying and sorting EVs by flow cytometry from freshly collected body fluids, based on specific EV surface markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maione
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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13
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Michael BNR, Kommoju V, Kavadichanda Ganapathy C, Negi VS. Characterization of cell-derived microparticles in synovial fluid and plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1377-1387. [PMID: 31201512 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MP) are proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to profile cell lineage-specific MP in patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy controls (HC) in synovial fluid and circulation. Patients with RA (n = 40), OA (n = 30) and HC (n = 33) were included. Cell-free synovial fluid (SF) and platelet-poor plasma samples were stained with annexin V APC and antibodies against CD45, CD20, CD14, CD4, CD8, CD66b, and CD61 for multicolor flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney U test/unpaired T test was used to assess intergroup differences among RA and OA SF and clinical, serological phenotypes of RA based on normality distribution; Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons for comparing plasma MPs among RA, OA, and HC. Correlation between MP proportions and disease parameters was assessed by Spearman's correlation. The proportion of annexin V+ MP in SF of patients with RA [5 (6.35)] [median (IQR)] was higher compared to OA [1.8 (1.35), p < 0.001] and plasma of patients with RA [3.45 (5.63)] compared to OA [1.85 (1.4)] and HC [0.9 (1.1), p < 0.001]. Leukocyte-derived [0.85 (1.17)], granulocyte-derived [0.4 (2.05)], monocyte-derived [0.4 (0.4)], and T cell-derived MP [CD4+ - 0.1 (0.1); CD8+ - 0.1(0.1)] were higher in RA SF (p < 0.001). Platelet-derived MP (PMP) were the major fraction [1.5 (4.23), p < 0.001] in RA plasma. Leukocyte-derived MP were higher in RA plasma [0.1 (0.2); p < 0.001) than OA and HC. Annexin V+ MP and PMP were higher in the SF of RA with extra-articular manifestations (n = 15), as compared to those without (n = 25) (p = 0.02; p < 0.01, respectively). High SF granulocyte-derived MP were observed in patients with established RA (n = 24), ACPA-positive RA (n = 32) compared to their negative counterparts (p = 0.03; p = 0.02, respectively). Our observations of higher proportions of cell-derived MP in the plasma and synovial fluid of DMARD-naïve RA patients, their clinical and serological phenotypes suggest their role in dynamic cross talk between the joint and systemic circulation, disease pathology, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Nancy Reni Michael
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Vallayyachari Kommoju
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Chengappa Kavadichanda Ganapathy
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Vir Singh Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India.
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14
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Cheng X, Dang A, Lv N, Zhao T. Microparticles from Endothelial Cells and Immune Cells in Patients with Takayasu Arteritis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:547-558. [PMID: 30555130 PMCID: PMC6545457 DOI: 10.5551/jat.45351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to analyze microparticles (MPs) from endothelial cells (EMPs) and immune cells from healthy individuals and paitents with Takayasu arteritis (TA), and any possible relationships between MPs and TA acitivity. METHODS MPs derived from the plasma of 51 subjects were analyzed, including 32 patients with TA and 19 healthy individuals. Flow cytometry was performed with Annexin (Anx)-V and antibodies against surface markers of endothelial cells (CD144), T cells (CD3), B cells (CD19), and monocytes (CD14). RESULTS The concentrations of total EMPs, AnxV+ EMPs and AnxV- EMPs were significantly increased when comparing patients with TA and healthy controls (54×103 vs. 32×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0004; 22×103 vs. 12×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0006; and 31×103 vs. 19×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0005), and comparing active TA patients with remission ones (85×103 vs. 45×103 MPs /ml, P=0.016; 39×103 vs. 14×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0092; and 47×103 vs.29×103 MPs /ml, P=0.0371). In addition, the concentrations of total EMPs (odds ratio [OR]=1.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001 to 1.048, P=0.037), AnxV+(OR=1.089, 95%CI: 1.011 to 1.172, P=0.024), and AnxV- EMPs (OR=1.029, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.056, P=0.034) were positively related to TA activity. With multiple linear regression analysis, platelet was associated with both total and AnxV- EMP concentrations independently, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate was independently correlated with AnxV+EMPs. CONCLUSION Concentrations of endothelial microparticles are correlated with inflammation in Takayasu arteritis and may be useful markers to assess disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesen Cheng
- Department of Special Care Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Aimin Dang
- Department of Special Care Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Naqiang Lv
- Department of Special Care Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Tong Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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15
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Extracellular vesicles: A new therapeutic strategy for joint conditions. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:134-146. [PMID: 29427625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting increasing interest since they might represent a more convenient therapeutic tool with respect to their cells of origin. In the last years much time and effort have been expended to determine the biological properties of EVs from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other sources. The immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties of MSC EVs have been demonstrated in in vitro studies and animal models of rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. This cell-free approach has been proposed as a possible better alternative to MSC therapy in autoimmune conditions and tissue regeneration. In addition, EVs show great potential as biomarkers of disease or delivery systems for active molecules. The standardization of isolation and characterization methods is a key step for the development of EV research. A better understanding of EV mechanisms of action and efficacy is required to establish the potential therapeutic applications of this new approach in joint conditions.
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16
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Circulating microparticle subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus are affected by disease activity. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:138-144. [PMID: 28279502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells under chronic inflammation shed microparticles (MPs) that could fuel the inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis typically presented in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study analyzes total and subset-specific MPs from SLE patients and their possible influence on clinical features, leukocyte activation and serum cytokines. METHODS Total MPs and those derived from platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes, granulocytes and T-cells were quantified in plasma of 106 SLE patients and 33 healthy controls by flow cytometry. MP amounts were analyzed according to clinical manifestations, blood leukocyte populations and circulating cytokines (IFNα, TNFα, IL-10, BLyS, IL-17, IL-1β, CXCL10, CCL-2, CCL3, leptin). Finally, the in vitro effect of SLE-isolated MPs on the leukocyte activation status was analyzed. RESULTS Total circulating MPs in SLE patients were related to increased disease duration and the presence of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, patients displayed increased counts of MPs from platelets, monocytes and T-lymphocytes, especially in SLE patients with disease activity or with TNFαhigh-profile. Accordingly, MPs were associated with increased expression of activation markers in blood T-cells and monocytes. Finally, analyses propose a role of glucocorticoids in MPs generation and leukocyte activation since both fresh and cultured T-cells under this treatment presented higher IL-10 and CD25 production. CONCLUSIONS The altered profile of subset-specific SLE-MPs was influenced by the disease activity and altered status of leukocyte native cells, also associated with a TNFαhigh-profile. TRANSLATIONAL RESULTS SLE patients, especially those with disease activity, displayed increased counts of MPs derived from platelets, monocytes and T-lymphocytes, which were more frequently found in TNFαhigh-type patients. The origin of such SLE-MP subsets seems to be related to the over-activated status of T-cells and monocytes characteristic of these patients. Ex vivo and in vitro analyses propose a role of glucocorticoids in the generation of circulating MPs and leukocyte activation in SLE patients.
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17
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Fan W, Wang W, Wu J, Ma L, Guo J. Identification of CD4+ T-cell-derived CD161+ CD39+ and CD39+CD73+ microparticles as new biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis. Biomark Med 2017; 11:107-116. [PMID: 28111965 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to identify CD4+ T-cell-derived microparticles (MPs) and investigate their roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Synovial fluids from 34 RA, 33 osteoarthritis patients and 42 healthy individuals were analyzed by flow cytometry. Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with or without isolated MPs, chemokines and cytokines were measured by ELISA. Results: CD4+CD161+CD39+ and CD4+CD39+CD73+ MPs were abundantly present in RA patients, which were positively or negatively correlated with RA features, respectively. Chemokines CCL20, CCL17 and CCL22, and cytokines IL-17 and IL-10 were influenced by these MPs in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) or PMBCs. Conclusion: CD4+ T-cell-derived CD161+CD39+ and CD39+CD73+ MPs could serve as new reciprocal biomarkers for RA evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, The Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jinyan Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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18
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Pretorius E, Akeredolu OO, Soma P, Kell DB. Major involvement of bacterial components in rheumatoid arthritis and its accompanying oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:355-373. [PMID: 27889698 PMCID: PMC5298544 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216681549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the evidence that infectious agents, including those that become dormant within the host, have a major role to play in much of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis and the inflammation that is its hallmark. This occurs in particular because they can produce cross-reactive (auto-)antigens, as well as potent inflammagens such as lipopolysaccharide that can themselves catalyze further inflammagenesis, including via β-amyloid formation. A series of observables coexist in many chronic, inflammatory diseases as well as rheumatoid arthritis. They include iron dysregulation, hypercoagulability, anomalous morphologies of host erythrocytes, and microparticle formation. Iron dysregulation may be responsible for the periodic regrowth and resuscitation of the dormant bacteria, with concomitant inflammagen production. The present systems biology analysis benefits from the philosophical idea of "coherence," that reflects the principle that if a series of ostensibly unrelated findings are brought together into a self-consistent narrative, that narrative is thereby strengthened. As such, we provide a coherent and testable narrative for the major involvement of (often dormant) bacteria in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Oore-Ofe Akeredolu
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Prashilla Soma
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- 2 School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,3 The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,4 Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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19
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Braga-Lagache S, Buchs N, Iacovache MI, Zuber B, Jackson CB, Heller M. Robust Label-free, Quantitative Profiling of Circulating Plasma Microparticle (MP) Associated Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3640-3652. [PMID: 27738094 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of the vascular system release spherical vesicles, called microparticles, in the size range of 0.1-1 μm induced by a variety of stress factors resulting in variable concentrations between health and disease. Furthermore, microparticles have intercellular communication/signaling properties and interfere with inflammation and coagulation pathways. Today's most used analytical technology for microparticle characterization, flow cytometry, is lacking sensitivity and specificity, which might have led to the publication of contradicting results in the past.We propose the use of nano-liquid chromatography two-stage mass spectrometry as a nonbiased tool for quantitative MP proteome analysis.For this, we developed an improved microparticle isolation protocol and quantified the microparticle protein composition of twelve healthy volunteers with a label-free, data-dependent and independent proteomics approach on a quadrupole orbitrap instrument.Using aliquots of 250 μl platelet-free plasma from one individual donor, we achieved excellent reproducibility with an interassay coefficient of variation of 2.7 ± 1.7% (mean ± 1 standard deviation) on individual peptide intensities across 27 acquisitions performed over a period of 3.5 months. We show that the microparticle proteome between twelve healthy volunteers were remarkably similar, and that it is clearly distinguishable from whole cell and platelet lysates. We propose the use of the proteome profile shown in this work as a quality criterion for microparticle purity in proteomics studies. Furthermore, one freeze thaw cycle damaged the microparticle integrity, articulated by a loss of cytoplasm proteins, encompassing a specific set of proteins involved in regulating dynamic structures of the cytoskeleton, and thrombin activation leading to MP clotting. On the other hand, plasma membrane protein composition was unaffected. Finally, we show that multiplexed data-independent acquisition can be used for relative quantification of target proteins using Skyline software. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange (identifier PXD003935) and panoramaweb.org (https://panoramaweb.org/labkey/N1OHMk.url).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benoît Zuber
- §Experimental Morphology at the Institute of Anatomy, and
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20
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. On the translocation of bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides between blood and peripheral locations in chronic, inflammatory diseases: the central roles of LPS and LPS-induced cell death. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 7:1339-77. [PMID: 26345428 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently highlighted (and added to) the considerable evidence that blood can contain dormant bacteria. By definition, such bacteria may be resuscitated (and thus proliferate). This may occur under conditions that lead to or exacerbate chronic, inflammatory diseases that are normally considered to lack a microbial component. Bacterial cell wall components, such as the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative strains, are well known as potent inflammatory agents, but should normally be cleared. Thus, their continuing production and replenishment from dormant bacterial reservoirs provides an easy explanation for the continuing, low-grade inflammation (and inflammatory cytokine production) that is characteristic of many such diseases. Although experimental conditions and determinants have varied considerably between investigators, we summarise the evidence that in a great many circumstances LPS can play a central role in all of these processes, including in particular cell death processes that permit translocation between the gut, blood and other tissues. Such localised cell death processes might also contribute strongly to the specific diseases of interest. The bacterial requirement for free iron explains the strong co-existence in these diseases of iron dysregulation, LPS production, and inflammation. Overall this analysis provides an integrative picture, with significant predictive power, that is able to link these processes via the centrality of a dormant blood microbiome that can resuscitate and shed cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131, Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, UK.
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
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21
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Abstract
During apoptosis or activation, cells can release a subcellular structure, called a membrane microvesicle (also known as microparticle) into the extracellular environment. Microvesicles bud-off as a portion of cell membrane with its associated proteins and lipids surrounding a cytosolic core that contains intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA). Biologically active molecules on the microvesicle surface and encapsulated within can act on recipient cells as a novel mode of intercellular communication. Apoptosis has long been known to be involved in the development of diseases of autoimmunity. Abnormally persistent microvesicles, particularly apoptotic microvesicles, can accelerate autoimmune responses locally in specific organs and tissues as well as systemically. In this review, we focus on studies implicating microvesicles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and their complications.
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22
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Endothelial microparticles: Pathogenic or passive players in endothelial dysfunction in autoimmune rheumatic diseases? Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 86:71-76. [PMID: 27291140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are characterised by systemic inflammation and complex immunopathology, with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, initiated by endothelial dysfunction in a chronic inflammatory environment. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are released into the circulation from activated endothelial cells and may therefore, reflect disease severity, vascular and endothelial dysfunction, that could influence disease pathogenesis via autocrine/paracrine signalling. The exact function of EMPs in rheumatic disease remains unknown, and this has initiated research to elucidate EMP composition and function, which may be determined by the mode of endothelial activation and the micro environment. To date, EMPs are thought to play a role in angiogenesis, thrombosis and inflammation by transferring specific proteins and microRNAs (miRs) to target cells. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the generation and composition of EMPs and the clinical and experimental studies describing the involvement of EMPs in rheumatic diseases, since we have previously shown endothelial dysfunction and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease are characteristics in systemic lupus erythematosus. We will also discuss the potential of EMPs as future biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in these diseases.
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23
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Ren JG, Zhang W, Liu B, Man QW, Xiong XP, Li C, Zhu JY, Wang WM, Jia J, Sun ZJ, Zhang WF, Chen G, Zhao YF. Clinical Significance and Roles in Angiogenesis of Circulating Microparticles in Oral Cancer. J Dent Res 2016; 95:860-7. [PMID: 27013642 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516641037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study established the increased circulating microparticles (MPs) and their procoagulant activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present study, we further evaluated different phenotypes of circulating MPs in OSCC patients and explored their clinical significance and effects on angiogenesis (a critical event in tumor progression). To conduct the study, circulating MPs in 45 OSCC patients and 18 healthy volunteers were characterized and quantified by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Correlations between circulating MPs and clinicopathologic data, microvessel density, and proangiogenic factor levels in patients with OSCC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Spearman rank correlation test. Additionally, the in vitro studies were performed with use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Our results showed that the levels of circulating MPs as well as the subsets of platelet-derived, endothelium-derived, and pan-leukocyte MPs in stages III to IV OSCC were significantly higher than stages I to II and healthy subjects. Moreover, these increased circulating MPs were significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stages, microvessel density, and expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in OSCC patients. The in vitro studies revealed that circulating MPs isolated from OSCC patients could be effectively taken up by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and could promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of recipient endothelial cells, accompanied by increased expression of proangiogenic factors. In summary, circulating MPs play important roles in angiogenesis and local tumor progression of OSCC. Our results shed new light on the progression of OSCC and might be helpful to explore novel treatment strategies targeting tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ren
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Q W Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X P Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Y Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - W M Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z J Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - W F Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - G Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y F Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Pirro M, Mannarino MR, Ministrini S, Fallarino F, Lupattelli G, Bianconi V, Bagaglia F, Mannarino E. Effects of a nutraceutical combination on lipids, inflammation and endothelial integrity in patients with subclinical inflammation: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23587. [PMID: 27004462 PMCID: PMC4804276 DOI: 10.1038/srep23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol elevations are associated with systemic inflammation and endothelial fragmentation into microparticles. The cholesterol-lowering efficacy of nutraceutical combinations (NC) has not been investigated in patients with low-grade systemic inflammation and normal-borderline cholesterol levels. This is a 3-month prospective randomized open-label interventional study in patients with elevated plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (>2 mg/L) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 100–160 mg/dL. The effect of either an oral cholesterol-lowering nutraceutical combination (NC) or no active treatment (noNC) was tested on LDL cholesterol, hsCRP and endothelial microparticle (EMPs) levels. Patients taking the NC had a significant reduction of total (−12%) and LDL cholesterol (−23%) compared to those who received noNC (p < 0.001 for both). Also, hsCRP and EMPs were significantly reduced by the NC (−41% and −16%, respectively). LDL cholesterol change was positively associated with hsCRP (rho = 0.21, p = 0.04) and EMP changes (rho = 0.56, p < 0.001), hsCRP and EMP changes being associated with each other (rho = 0.28, p = 0.005). Patients experiencing both LDL cholesterol and hsCRP reduction were those having the greatest EMP decrease. In conclusion, among patients with low-grade systemic inflammation, an oral NC significantly improved cholesterol profile and attenuated the degree of systemic inflammation and endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo R Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Graziana Lupattelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagaglia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elmo Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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25
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Altered Profile of Circulating Endothelial-Derived Microparticles in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. Crit Care Med 2016; 43:e551-9. [PMID: 26308427 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary endothelial cell injury is central to the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. Mechanical ventilation can cause endothelial disruption and injury, even in the absence of preexisting inflammation. Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 is a transmembrane protein connecting adjacent endothelial cells. We hypothesized that injurious mechanical ventilation will increase circulating lung endothelial-derived microparticles, defined as microparticles positive for platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, which could serve as potential biomarkers and mediators of ventilator-induced lung injury. DESIGN Prospective randomized, controlled, animal investigation. SETTING A hospital preclinical animal laboratory. SUBJECTS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Animals were randomly allocated to one of the three following ventilatory protocols for 4 hours: spontaneous breathing (control group), mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume (6 mL/kg), and mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (20 mL/kg). In both mechanical ventilation groups, positive end-expiratory pressure of 2 cm H2O was applied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We analyzed histologic lung damage, gas exchange, wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, serum cytokines levels, circulating endothelial-derived microparticles, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 lung protein content, and immunohistochemistry. When compared with low-tidal volume mechanical ventilation, high-tidal volume ventilation increased lung edema score and caused gas-exchange deterioration. These changes were associated with a marked increased of circulating endothelial-derived microparticles and a reduction of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 protein levels in the high-tidal volume lungs (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There is an endothelial-derived microparticle profile associated with disease-specific features of ventilator-induced lung injury. This profile could serve both as a biomarker of acute lung injury and, potentially, as a mediator of systemic propagation of pulmonary inflammatory response.
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, López Suárez P, Suárez Díaz A. Comment on: "A new cytofluorimetric approach to evaluate the circulating microparticles in subjects with antiphospholipid antibodies" by Niccolai et al. Thromb Res 2016; 139:127. [PMID: 26916309 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia López Suárez
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez Díaz
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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27
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Zubairova LD, Nabiullina RM, Nagaswami C, Zuev YF, Mustafin IG, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. Circulating Microparticles Alter Formation, Structure, and Properties of Fibrin Clots. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17611. [PMID: 26635081 PMCID: PMC4669434 DOI: 10.1038/srep17611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of circulating microparticles in haemostasis and thrombosis, there is limited evidence for potential causative effects of naturally produced cell-derived microparticles on fibrin clot formation and its properties. We studied the significance of blood microparticles for fibrin formation, structure, and susceptibility to fibrinolysis by removing them from platelet-free plasma using filtration. Clots made in platelet-free and microparticle-depleted plasma samples from the same healthy donors were analyzed in parallel. Microparticles accelerate fibrin polymerisation and support formation of more compact clots that resist internal and external fibrinolysis. These variations correlate with faster thrombin generation, suggesting thrombin-mediated kinetic effects of microparticles on fibrin formation, structure, and properties. In addition, clots formed in the presence of microparticles, unlike clots from the microparticle-depleted plasma, contain 0.1-0.5-μm size granular and CD61-positive material on fibres, suggesting that platelet-derived microparticles attach to fibrin. Therefore, the blood of healthy individuals contains functional microparticles at the levels that have a procoagulant potential. They affect the structure and stability of fibrin clots indirectly through acceleration of thrombin generation and through direct physical incorporation into the fibrin network. Both mechanisms underlie a potential role of microparticles in haemostasis and thrombosis as modulators of fibrin formation, structure, and resistance to fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laily D Zubairova
- Department of General Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Roza M Nabiullina
- Department of General Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Chandrasekaran Nagaswami
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yuriy F Zuev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Ilshat G Mustafin
- Department of General Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420012, Russian Federation
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Sánchez-López V, Vila-Liante V, Arellano-Orden E, Elías-Hernández T, Ramón-Nuñez LA, Jara-Palomares L, Martínez-Sales V, Gao L, Otero-Candelera R. High correlation between 2 flow cytometry platforms in the microparticles analysis using a new calibrated beads strategy. Transl Res 2015; 166:733-9. [PMID: 26342453 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis in pathologic conditions. However, the lack of standardization of the preanalytical and analytical methods leads to a wide variability in MPs results. The recently developed Megamix-Plus beads, a new bead-based standardization tool optimized to specific types of flow cytometers, could help circumvent this problem. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the number of total MPs and platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) is similar using 2 different cytometer platforms calibrated with the Megamix-Plus beads. Blood samples from 65 patients with deep venous thrombosis were collected and processed to obtain platelet poor plasma (PPP). The number of total MPs and PMPs in each PPP sample was measured using 2 flow cytometers. Megamix-Plus side scatter channel beads were used to calibrate the LSRFortessa flow cytometer from Becton Dickinson, whereas Megamix-Plus forward scatter channel beads were applied to the Navios flow cytometer from Beckman Coulter. High correlation of total MPs and PMPs values between the flow cytometers was found (r = 0.908, P < 0.01 and r = 0.910, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the absolute numbers of total MPs and PMPs were significantly higher measured with the Navios flow cytometer compared with the LSRFortessa cytometer. Therefore, both platforms are valid for MPs determination in general, although a similar platform with the same calibration tool could be a better choice for multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Virtudes Vila-Liante
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Arellano-Orden
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Elías-Hernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis A Ramón-Nuñez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Jara-Palomares
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Vicenta Martínez-Sales
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lin Gao
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Remedios Otero-Candelera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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