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Birgül Iyison N, Abboud C, Abboud D, Abdulrahman AO, Bondar AN, Dam J, Georgoussi Z, Giraldo J, Horvat A, Karoussiotis C, Paz-Castro A, Scarpa M, Schihada H, Scholz N, Güvenc Tuna B, Vardjan N. ERNEST COST action overview on the (patho)physiology of GPCRs and orphan GPCRs in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38825750 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in nervous system function by transmitting signals between cells and their environment. They are involved in many, if not all, nervous system processes, and their dysfunction has been linked to various neurological disorders representing important drug targets. This overview emphasises the GPCRs of the nervous system, which are the research focus of the members of ERNEST COST action (CA18133) working group 'Biological roles of signal transduction'. First, the (patho)physiological role of the nervous system GPCRs in the modulation of synapse function is discussed. We then debate the (patho)physiology and pharmacology of opioid, acetylcholine, chemokine, melatonin and adhesion GPCRs in the nervous system. Finally, we address the orphan GPCRs, their implication in the nervous system function and disease, and the challenges that need to be addressed to deorphanize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Birgül Iyison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Bogazici, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clauda Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Jülich, Germany
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christos Karoussiotis
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Alba Paz-Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bilge Güvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Malik AE, Slauenwhite D, McAlpine SM, Hanly JG, Marshall JS, Issekutz TB. Differences in IDO1 + dendritic cells and soluble CTLA-4 are associated with differential clinical responses to methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352251. [PMID: 38840915 PMCID: PMC11150726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes play an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis, however, their tolerogenic potential remains unclear. Herein, the tolerogenic profiles of DCs are characterized in treatment-naïve RA patients to determine their role to inflammatory arthritis management. Methods Thirty-six treatment-naïve RA patients were enrolled, of which 62% were non-responders to methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy based on disease activity score (DAS) after 6-months of therapy. DC and monocyte subset frequencies, activation (CD40, CD86, CD209 expression), and tolerogenic profile (intracellular indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase [IDO1] and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 [CTLA-4] expression) were examined in the baseline peripheral blood by multicolor flow-cytometry. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) levels in plasma were measured. Results DC subsets were decreased in RA compared to healthy controls (HC), and the frequency of conventional DCs (cDC) inversely correlated with inflammatory markers and improvement in disease activity. CD141+ cDC1s were the major IDO1-expressing cells. IDO1+cDC1s were reduced in RA patients compared to HC. The baseline frequency of IDO1+cDC1s inversely correlated with improvement in disease activity. CTLA-4 expression in CD1c+ cDC2s and monocytes was lower in RA patients compared to HC. Moreover, MTX-responders had a significantly lower frequency of IDO1+cDC1 cells and higher level of sCTLA-4 in the plasma compared to MTX non-responders. There was a strong predictive association of low IDO1+cDC1 cells, low sCTLA-4 and non-response to MTX. Conclusions Our findings reveal altered DC and monocytes immunophenotypes that are associated with RA pathology and treatment response. The frequencies of tolerogenic IDO1+cDC1s and the low level of sCTLA-4 are strongly associated with MTX non-responsiveness and therapeutic outcome. These results suggest that investigation of the association IDO1+cDC1 and sCTLA-4 with response to treatment may be more generalizable to other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó E. Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Drew Slauenwhite
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sarah M. McAlpine
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John G. Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thomas B. Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Meder L, Orschel CI, Otto CJ, Koker M, Brägelmann J, Ercanoglu MS, Dähling S, Compes A, Selenz C, Nill M, Dietlein F, Florin A, Eich ML, Borchmann S, Odenthal M, Blazquez R, Hilberg F, Klein F, Hallek M, Büttner R, Reinhardt HC, Ullrich RT. Blocking the angiopoietin-2-dependent integrin β-1 signaling axis abrogates small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e166402. [PMID: 38775153 PMCID: PMC11141935 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive lung cancer entity with an extremely limited therapeutic outcome. Most patients are diagnosed at an extensive stage. However, the molecular mechanisms driving SCLC invasion and metastasis remain largely elusive. We used an autochthonous SCLC mouse model and matched samples from patients with primary and metastatic SCLC to investigate the molecular characteristics of tumor metastasis. We demonstrate that tumor cell invasion and liver metastasis in SCLC are triggered by an Angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2)/Integrin β-1-dependent pathway in tumor cells, mediated by focal adhesion kinase/Src kinase signaling. Strikingly, CRISPR-Cas9 KO of Integrin β-1 or blocking Integrin β-1 signaling by an anti-ANG-2 treatment abrogates liver metastasis formation in vivo. Interestingly, analysis of a unique collection of matched samples from patients with primary and metastatic SCLC confirmed a strong increase of Integrin β-1 in liver metastasis in comparison with the primary tumor. We further show that ANG-2 blockade combined with PD-1-targeted by anti-PD-1 treatment displays synergistic treatment effects in SCLC. Together, our data demonstrate a fundamental role of ANG-2/Integrin β-1 signaling in SCLC cells for tumor cell invasion and liver metastasis and provide a potentially new effective treatment strategy for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Meder
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Erlangen, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology and
| | - Charlotte Isabelle Orschel
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology and
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Julius Otto
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology and
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirjam Koker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics and
| | - Meryem S. Ercanoglu
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabrina Dähling
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anik Compes
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology and
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Selenz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marieke Nill
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Dietlein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute for Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie-Lisa Eich
- Institute for Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Borchmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Else Kröner Forschungskolleg Clonal Evolution in Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raquel Blazquez
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hilberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H. Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Roland T. Ullrich
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology and
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Aprilia A, Handono K, Sujuti H, Sabarudin A, Winaris N. sCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4 as soluble marker candidates for detecting immunosenescence. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:9. [PMID: 38243300 PMCID: PMC10799430 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammaging, the characteristics of immunosenescence, characterized by continuous chronic inflammation that could not be resolved. It is not only affect older people but can also occur in young individuals, especially those suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune disease, malignancy, or chronic infection. This condition led to altered immune function and as consequent immune function is reduced. Detection of immunosenescence has been done by examining the immune risk profile (IRP), which uses flow cytometry. These tests are not always available in health facilities, especially in developing countries and require fresh whole blood samples. Therefore, it is necessary to find biomarkers that can be tested using stored serum to make it easier to refer to the examination. Here we proposed an insight for soluble biomarkers which represented immune cells activities and exhaustion, namely sCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4. Those markers were reported to be elevated in chronic diseases that caused early aging and easily detected from serum samples using ELISA method, unlike IRP. Therefore, we conclude these soluble markers are beneficial to predict pathological condition of immunosenescence. AIM To identify soluble biomarkers that could replace IRP for detecting immunosenescence. CONCLUSION Soluble costimulatory molecule suchsCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4 are potential biomarkers for detecting immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aprilia
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kusworini Handono
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran Street, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Opthamology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Sabarudin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nuning Winaris
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Stockem CF, Galsky MD, van der Heijden MS. Turning up the heat: CTLA4 blockade in urothelial cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:22-34. [PMID: 37608154 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Anti-PD1 and anti-PDL1 monotherapies have shown clinical efficacy in stage IV urothelial cancer and are integrated into current clinical practice. However, only a small number of the patients treated with single-agent checkpoint blockade experience an antitumour response. Insufficient priming or inhibitory factors in the tumour immune microenvironment might have a role in the lack of response. CTLA4 is an inhibitory checkpoint on activated T cells that is being studied as a therapeutic target in combination with anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 therapies in advanced urothelial cancer. In locally advanced urothelial cancer, this combination approach has shown encouraging antitumour effects when administered pre-operatively. We believe that the presence of pre-existing intratumoural T cell immunity is not a prerequisite for response to combination therapy and that the additional value of CTLA4 blockade might involve the broadening of peripheral T cell priming, thereby transforming immunologically cold tumours into hot tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal F Stockem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Bai X, Verma D, Garcia C, Musheyev A, Kim K, Fornis L, Griffith DE, Li L, Whittel N, Gadwa J, Ohanjanyan T, Eggleston MJ, Galvan M, Freed BM, Ordway D, Chan ED. Ex vivo and in vivo evidence that cigarette smoke-exposed T regulatory cells impair host immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1216492. [PMID: 37965256 PMCID: PMC10641287 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1216492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A strong epidemiologic link exists between cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Macrophage and murine studies showed that CS and nicotine impair host-protective immune cells against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. While CS and nicotine may activate T regulatory cells (Tregs), little is known about how CS may affect these immunosuppressive cells with MTB infection. Methods We investigated whether CS-exposed Tregs could exacerbate MTB infection in co-culture with human macrophages and in recipient mice that underwent adoptive transfer of Tregs from donor CS-exposed mice. Results We found that exposure of primary human Tregs to CS extract impaired the ability of unexposed human macrophages to control an MTB infection by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagosome formation. Neutralizing CTLA-4 on the CS extract-exposed Tregs abrogated the impaired control of MTB infection in the macrophage and Treg co-cultures. In Foxp3+GFP+DTR+ (Thy1.2) mice depleted of endogenous Tregs, adoptive transfer of Tregs from donor CS-exposed B6.PL(Thy1.1) mice with subsequent MTB infection of the Thy1.2 mice resulted in a greater burden of MTB in the lungs and spleens than those that received Tregs from air-exposed mice. Mice that received Tregs from donor CS-exposed mice and infected with MTB had modest but significantly reduced numbers of interleukin-12-positive dendritic cells and interferon-gamma-positive CD4+ T cells in the lungs, and an increased number of total programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) positive CD4+ T cells in both the lungs and spleens. Discussion Previous studies demonstrated that CS impairs macrophages and host-protective T effector cells in controlling MTB infection. We now show that CS-exposed Tregs can also impair control of MTB in co-culture with macrophages and in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Bai
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Deepshikha Verma
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Cindy Garcia
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Ariel Musheyev
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kevin Kim
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Lorelenn Fornis
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - David E. Griffith
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Nicholas Whittel
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jacob Gadwa
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Tamara Ohanjanyan
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Matthew J. Eggleston
- Complement Laboratory, Advance Diagnostics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Manuel Galvan
- Complement Laboratory, Advance Diagnostics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Brian M. Freed
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Diane Ordway
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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Guo Y, Ke S, Xie F, Chen J, Liu X, Wang Z, Xu D, Shen Y, Zhao G, Zhao W, Lu H. SIGLEC10 + macrophages drive gastric cancer progression by suppressing CD8 + T cell function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3229-3242. [PMID: 37432407 PMCID: PMC10992087 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing immune checkpoint inhibitors focus on activating T cells and show limited effectiveness in gastric cancer (GC). SIGLEC10 is identified as a novel tumor-associated macrophage-related immune checkpoint in other cancer types. However, its immunosuppressive role and clinical significance in GC remain unclear. In this study, we find a dominant expression of SIGLEC10 on CD68+ macrophages in GC. SIGLEC10 can suppress the proliferation and function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in vitro via the Akt/P38/Erk signaling pathway. Furthermore, in ex vivo and in vivo models, SIGLEC10 blockade promotes CD8+ T cell effector function. Finally, SIGLEC10+ macrophages are positively correlated with the adverse prognosis of GC. Our study highlights that SIGLEC10 directly suppresses T cell function and serves as a promising target for immunotherapy and suggests SIGLEC10+ macrophages as a novel potential predictor of the clinical prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Guo
- GI Division, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shouyu Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Danhua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanying Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hong Lu
- GI Division, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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8
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Terrin M, Migliorisi G, Dal Buono A, Gabbiadini R, Mastrorocco E, Quadarella A, Repici A, Santoro A, Armuzzi A. Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis: From Pathogenesis to Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11504. [PMID: 37511260 PMCID: PMC10380448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy, specifically of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), for the treatment of solid tumors has deeply transformed therapeutic algorithms in medical oncology. Approximately one-third of patients treated with ICIs may de velop immune-related adverse events, and the gastrointestinal tract is often affected by different grades of mucosal inflammation. Checkpoint inhibitors colitis (CIC) presents with watery or bloody diarrhea and, in the case of severe symptoms, requires ICIs discontinuation. The pathogenesis of CIC is multifactorial and still partially unknown: anti-tumor activity that collaterally effects the colonic tissue and the upregulation of specific systemic inflammatory pathways (i.e., CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ T lymphocytes) are mainly involved. Many questions remain regarding treatment timing and options, and biological treatment, especially with anti-TNF alpha, can be offered to these patients with the aim of rapidly resuming oncological therapies. CIC shares similar pathogenesis and aspects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the use of ICI in IBD patients is under evaluation. This review aims to summarize the pathogenetic mechanism underlying CIC and to discuss the current evidenced-based management options, including the role of biological therapy, emphasizing the relevant clinical impact on CIC and the need for prompt recognition and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Terrin
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (G.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Migliorisi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (G.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Dal Buono
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Roberto Gabbiadini
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Mastrorocco
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (G.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quadarella
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (G.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (G.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
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9
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Chen Z, Huang J, Kwak-Kim J, Wang W. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and reproductive failures. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103799. [PMID: 36724630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human conceptus is a semi-allograft, which is antigenically foreign to the mother. Hence, the implantation process needs mechanisms to prevent allograft rejection during successful pregnancy. Immune checkpoints are a group of inhibitory pathways expressed on the surface of various immune cells in the form of ligand receptors. Immune cells possess these pathways to regulate the magnitude of immune responses and induce maternal-fetal tolerance. Briefly, 1) CTLA-4 can weaken T cell receptor (TCR) signals and inhibit T cell response; 2) The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can reduce T cell proliferation, enhance T cell anergy and fatigue, reduce cytokine production, and increase T regulatory cell activity to complete the immunosuppression; 3) TIM3 interacts with T cells by binding Gal-9, weakening Th1 cell-mediated immunity and T cell apoptosis; 4) The LAG-3 binding to MHC II can inhibit T cell activation by interfering with the binding of CD4 to MHC II, and; 5) TIGIT can release inhibitory signals to NK and T cells through the ITIM structure of its cytoplasmic tail. Therefore, dysregulated immune checkpoints or the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may impair human reproduction. This review intends to deliver a comprehensive overview of immune checkpoints in pregnancy, including CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and their inhibitors, reviewing their roles in normal and pathological human pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Chen
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266000, PR China; Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Gynecology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 3 Mishan East Road, Weihai 264400, PR China
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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10
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Marx S, Wilken F, Miebach L, Ispirjan M, Kinnen F, Paul S, Bien-Möller S, Freund E, Baldauf J, Fleck S, Siebert N, Lode H, Stahl A, Rauch BH, Singer S, Ritter C, Schroeder HWS, Bekeschus S. Immunophenotyping of Circulating and Intratumoral Myeloid and T Cells in Glioblastoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235751. [PMID: 36497232 PMCID: PMC9739079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain malignancy that almost inevitably recurs as therapy-refractory cancer. While the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) revealed the immense potential of immune-targeted therapies in several types of cancers outside the central nervous system, it failed to show objective responses in glioblastoma patients as of now. The ability of glioblastoma cells to drive multiple modes of T cell dysfunction while exhibiting low-quality neoepitopes, low-mutational load, and poor antigen priming limits anti-tumor immunity and efficacy of antigen-unspecific immunotherapies such as ICB. An in-depth understanding of the GBM immune landscape is essential to delineate and reprogram such immunosuppressive circuits during disease progression. In this view, the present study aimed to characterize the peripheral and intratumoral immune compartments of 35 glioblastoma patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy control probands, particularly focusing on exhaustion signatures on myeloid and T cell subsets. Compared to healthy control participants, different immune signatures were already found in the peripheral circulation, partially related to the steroid medication the patients received. Intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ TEM cells (CD62Llow/CD45ROhigh) revealed a high expression of PD1, which was also increased on intratumoral, pro-tumorigenic macrophages/microglia. Histopathological analysis further identified high PSGL-1 expression levels of the latter, which has recently been linked to increased metastasis in melanoma and colon cancer via P-selectin-mediated platelet activation. Overall, the present study comprises immunophenotyping of a patient cohort to give implications for eligible immunotherapeutic targets in neurooncology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Marx
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Wilken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department for General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Thorax Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mikael Ispirjan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frederik Kinnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, C_DAT, Greifswald University Medical Center, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Paul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Bien-Möller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, C_DAT, Greifswald University Medical Center, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department for General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Thorax Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Baldauf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Fleck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Lode
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Department of Pathology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Tuebingen University Medical Center, Liebermeisterstr. 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ritter
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W. S. Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kudo-Saito C, Boku N, Hirano H, Shoji H. Targeting myeloid villains in the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009701. [PMID: 36211375 PMCID: PMC9539086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical outcomes being extremely limited, blocking immune inhibitory checkpoint pathways has been in the spotlight as a promising strategy for treating gastrointestinal cancer. However, a distinct strategy for the successful treatment is obviously needed in the clinical settings. Myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells, are the majority of cellular components in the human immune system, but have received relatively less attention for the practical implementation than T cells and NK cells in cancer therapy because of concentration of the interest in development of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody inhibitors (ICIs). Abnormality of myeloid cells must impact on the entire host, including immune responses, stromagenesis, and cancer cells, leading to refractory cancer. This implies that elimination and reprogramming of the tumor-supportive myeloid villains may be a breakthrough to efficiently induce potent anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of current situation of the IC-blocking therapy of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. Also, we highlight the possible oncoimmunological components involved in the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the ICI therapy, particularly focusing on myeloid cells, including unique subsets expressing IC molecules. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular determinants may facilitate its practical implementation of targeting myeloid villains, and improve the clinical outcomes in the ICI therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chie Kudo-Saito,
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Department of Oncology and General Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hirano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Qiao W, Lin L, Young C, Narula J, Hua F, Matteson A, Hooper A, Gruenbaum L, Betts A. Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling provides insight into inter-mouse variability of Anti-CTLA4 response. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:880-893. [PMID: 35439371 PMCID: PMC9286718 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical responses of immuno-oncology therapies are highly variable among patients. Similar response variability has been observed in syngeneic mouse models. Understanding of the variability in the mouse models may shed light on patient variability. Using a murine anti-CTLA4 antibody as a case study, we developed a quantitative systems pharmacology model to capture the molecular interactions of the antibody and relevant cellular interactions that lead to tumor cell killing. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling was incorporated to capture the inter-animal variability of tumor growth profiles in response to anti-CTLA4 treatment. The results suggested that intratumoral CD8+ T cell kinetics and tumor proliferation rate were the main drivers of the variability. In addition, simulations indicated that nonresponsive mice to anti-CTLA4 treatment could be converted to responders by increasing the number of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The model provides a mechanistic starting point for translation of CTLA4 inhibitors from syngeneic mice to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Qiao
- BioMedicine Design, World Research, Development and MedicalPfizer, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lin Lin
- Formerly, Applied BioMath, Inc.ConcordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carissa Young
- Formerly, Applied BioMath, Inc.ConcordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jatin Narula
- BioMedicine Design, World Research, Development and MedicalPfizer, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fei Hua
- Applied BioMath, Inc.ConcordMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Andrea Hooper
- Formerly, Oncology Research Unit, World Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer, Inc.Pearl RiverNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Alison Betts
- Applied BioMath, Inc.ConcordMassachusettsUSA
- Formerly, BioMedicine Design, World Research, Development and MedicalPfizer, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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13
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Differential regulation of CTLA4 expression through BTK-dependent and independent mechanisms in CLL. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5440-5448. [PMID: 35759759 PMCID: PMC9631695 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib suppresses CLL cell CTLA4 expression in vitro and in vivo. CTLA4 expression on CLL is regulated by non-BTKs that differ from T-cell CTLA4 regulation.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a major immune checkpoint and target for cancer immunotherapy. Although originally discovered and primarily studied on T cells, its role on other cell types has also been recognized in recent years. Here we describe an unexpected interaction between ibrutinib (a targeted inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase [BTK]) and CTLA4 expression on malignant chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Although BTK itself does play a role in CTLA4 expression in CLL, we demonstrate that ibrutinib’s main suppressive effect on CTLA4 protein expression and trafficking occurs through non-BTK targets influenced by this drug. This suppression is not seen in T cells, indicating a different mechanism of CTLA4 regulation in CLL vs T cells. Appreciating this distinct mechanism and the beneficial non-BTK effects of ibrutinib may contribute to understanding the immune benefits of ibrutinib treatment and lead to therapeutic approaches to improve immune function in patients with CLL by suppressing CTLA4 expression.
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14
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Yan Q, Zhang B, Ling X, Zhu B, Mei S, Yang H, Zhang D, Huo J, Zhao Z. CTLA-4 Facilitates DNA Damage–Induced Apoptosis by Interacting With PP2A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:728771. [PMID: 35281086 PMCID: PMC8907142 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.728771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. It accumulates in intracellular compartments, translocates to the cell surface, and is rapidly internalized. However, the cytoplasmic function of CTLA-4 remains largely unknown. Here, we describe the role of CTLA-4 as an immunomodulator in the DNA damage response to genotoxic stress. Using isogenic models of murine T cells with either sufficient or deficient CTLA-4 expression and performing a variety of assays, including cell apoptosis, cell cycle, comet, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining analyses, we show that CTLA-4 activates ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM) by binding to the ATM inhibitor protein phosphatase 2A into the cytoplasm of T cells following transient treatment with zeocin, exacerbating the DNA damage response and inducing apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into how T cells maintain their immune function under high-stress conditions, which is clinically important for patients with tumors undergoing immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Zhao,
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15
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Pata S, Surinkaew S, Takheaw N, Laopajon W, Chuensirikulchai K, Kasinrerk W. Differential CD147 Functional Epitopes on Distinct Leukocyte Subsets. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704309. [PMID: 34421910 PMCID: PMC8371324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147, a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, is widely expressed in several cell types. CD147 molecules have multiple cellular functions, such as migration, adhesion, invasion, energy metabolism and T cell activation. In particular, recent studies have demonstrated the potential application of CD147 as an effective therapeutic target for cancer, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we elucidated the functional epitopes on CD147 extracellular domains in T cell regulation using specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Upon T cell activation, the anti-CD147 domain 1 mAbs M6-1E9 and M6-1D4 and the anti-CD147 domain 2 mAb MEM-M6/6 significantly reduced surface expression of CD69 and CD25 and T cell proliferation. To investigate whether functional epitopes of CD147 are differentially expressed on distinct leukocyte subsets, PBMCs, monocyte-depleted PBMCs and purified T cells were activated in the presence of anti-CD147 mAbs. The mAb M6-1E9 inhibited T cell functions via activation of CD147 on monocytes with obligatory cell-cell contact. Engagement of the CD147 epitope by the M6-1E9 mAb downregulated CD80 and CD86 expression on monocytes and IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 production in T cells. In contrast, the mAb M6-1D4 inhibited T cell function via activation of CD147 on T cells by downregulating IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Herein, we demonstrated that certain epitopes of CD147, expressed on both monocytes and T cells, are involved in the regulation of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nuchjira Takheaw
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Witida Laopajon
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kantinan Chuensirikulchai
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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16
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Davis-Marcisak EF, Fitzgerald AA, Kessler MD, Danilova L, Jaffee EM, Zaidi N, Weiner LM, Fertig EJ. Transfer learning between preclinical models and human tumors identifies a conserved NK cell activation signature in anti-CTLA-4 responsive tumors. Genome Med 2021; 13:129. [PMID: 34376232 PMCID: PMC8356429 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor response to therapy is affected by both the cell types and the cell states present in the tumor microenvironment. This is true for many cancer treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While it is well-established that ICIs promote T cell activation, their broader impact on other intratumoral immune cells is unclear; this information is needed to identify new mechanisms of action and improve ICI efficacy. Many preclinical studies have begun using single-cell analysis to delineate therapeutic responses in individual immune cell types within tumors. One major limitation to this approach is that therapeutic mechanisms identified in preclinical models have failed to fully translate to human disease, restraining efforts to improve ICI efficacy in translational research. METHOD We previously developed a computational transfer learning approach called projectR to identify shared biology between independent high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. In the present study, we test this algorithm's ability to identify conserved and clinically relevant transcriptional changes in complex tumor scRNA-seq data and expand its application to the comparison of scRNA-seq datasets with additional data types such as bulk RNA-seq and mass cytometry. RESULTS We found a conserved signature of NK cell activation in anti-CTLA-4 responsive mouse and human tumors. In human metastatic melanoma, we found that the NK cell activation signature associates with longer overall survival and is predictive of anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) response. Additional molecular approaches to confirm the computational findings demonstrated that human NK cells express CTLA-4 and bind anti-CTLA-4 antibodies independent of the antibody binding receptor (FcR) and that similar to T cells, CTLA-4 expression by NK cells is modified by cytokine-mediated and target cell-mediated NK cell activation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a novel application of our transfer learning approach, which was able to identify cell state transitions conserved in preclinical models and human tumors. This approach can be adapted to explore many questions in cancer therapeutics, enhance translational research, and enable better understanding and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Davis-Marcisak
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison A Fitzgerald
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael D Kessler
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Bornschlegl S, Gustafson MP, Delivanis DA, Ryder M, Liu MC, Vasmatzis G, Hallemeier CL, Park SS, Roberts LR, Parney IF, Jelinek DF, Dietz AB. Categorisation of patients based on immune profiles: a new approach to identifying candidates for response to checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1267. [PMID: 33968403 PMCID: PMC8082708 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Inhibitors to the checkpoint proteins cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are becoming widely used in cancer treatment. However, a lack of understanding of the patient response to treatment limits accurate identification of potential responders to immunotherapy. Methods In this study, we assessed the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on 19 leucocyte populations in the peripheral blood of 74 cancer patients. A reference data set for PD-1 and CTLA-4 was established for 40 healthy volunteers to determine the normal expression patterns for these checkpoint proteins. Results Unsupervised hierarchical clustering found four immune profiles shared across the solid tumor types, while chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients had an immune profile largely unique to them. Furthermore, we measured these leucocyte populations on an additional cohort of 16 cancer patients receiving the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in order to identify differences between responders and non-responders, as well as compared to healthy volunteers (n = 20). We observed that cancer patients had pre-treatment PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on their leucocyte populations at different levels compared to healthy volunteers and identified two leucocyte populations positive for CTLA-4 that had not been previously described. We found higher levels of PD-1+ CD3+ CD4- CD8- cells in patients with progressive disease and have identified it as a potential biomarker of response, as well as identifying other significant differences in phenotypes between responders and non-responders. Conclusion These results are suggestive that categorisation of patients based on immune profiles may differentiate responders from non-responders to immunotherapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Bornschlegl
- Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapy (IMPACT) Division of Experimental Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Michael P Gustafson
- Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapy (IMPACT) Division of Experimental Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Division of Laboratory Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Arizona Phoenix AZ USA
| | - Danae A Delivanis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Mabel Ryder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Division of Medical Oncology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Minetta C Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | | | | | - Sean S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurosurgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Allan B Dietz
- Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapy (IMPACT) Division of Experimental Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Division of Transfusion Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
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18
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Liu M, Yu Y, Hu S. A review on applications of abatacept in systemic rheumatic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107612. [PMID: 33823429 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abatacept is a CTLA-4Ig fusion protein that selectively modulates the CD80/CD86:CD28 costimulatory pathway required for full T-cell activation. The FDA has approved it to be used to treat adult rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and adult active psoriatic arthritis. Considering the vital pathogenic role of the CTLA-4 pathway in autoimmune diseases, abatacept could efficiently treat other systemic rheumatic diseases. Here we reviewed the published literature to profile the perspectives about the off-label uses of abatacept, especially in those refractory cases with inadequate responses to conventional therapies and biologic agents. Abatacept can be a promising therapeutic option and contribute to reducing hormone dependence and correlated adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yikai Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoxian Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Holah NS. The Clinical Value of VDR and CTLA 4 in Evaluating the Prognosis of Invasive Duct Carcinoma of Egyptian Patients and their Benefit as a Target Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1183-1194. [PMID: 33906311 PMCID: PMC8325144 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.4.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer represents the second most common female malignancies worldwide and the most common in Egypt. The nuclear vitamin D receptor plays a role in the biology of cancer by affecting inflammatory microenvironment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of VDR and CTLA 4 in invasive duct carcinoma of Egyptian patients. METHODS This is a retrospective study that included 70 invasive duct carcinoma specimens retrieved from the archival material of Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt, spanning the period between January 2010 and December 2017. All cases were stained for VDR and CTLA 4 antibodies. RESULTS There is significant association between high VDR expression in tumor cells and parameters of good prognosis as low tumor stage (T1) and (N0) stage. On the other hand, there is significant association between low CTLA4 tumor expression and good prognostic parameters as low tumor stage (T1) and absent vascular invasion. Regarding lymphocyte expression, there is significant association between positive CTLA4 expression in lymphocytes and parameters of good prognosis as absent metastasis. High VDR tumor expression is the most independent prognostic factor on overall survival of breast carcinoma patients. CONCLUSION high VDR expression in tumor cells is associated with good prognostic parameters and is the most independent prognostic factor on overall survival so it might be of benefit as a target therapy for Egyptian invasive duct carcinoma patients and VDR might augment the expression of CTLA-4, So tailored immunotherapy might have an impact on invasive duct carcinoma patients.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanis Shawky Holah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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20
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Khalid Kheiralla KE. CTLA-4 (+49A/G) Polymorphism in Type 1 Diabetes Children of Sudanese Population. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:11-18. [PMID: 33748819 PMCID: PMC7964255 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an organ-specific T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, characterized by destruction of pancreatic islets. Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (
CTLA-4
) is a negative regulator of T cell proliferation, thus conferring susceptibility to autoimmunity.
Aims
This study aimed to investigate the association of
CTLA-4
+49A/G (rs231775) polymorphism with a risk of T1DM in Sudanese children.
Methods
This a case–control study included 100 children with T1DM, referred to the pediatric clinic at referral pediatric teaching hospital in Gezira State-Sudan. Hundred unrelated healthy controls were recruited from departments in the same hospital. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)-preserved blood using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAamp Blood) (QIAGEN; Valencia, CA). The polymerase chain reaction PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing were applied for the
CTLA-4
(+49A/G) genotyping. The changes accompanied the polymorphism were evaluated using relevant bioinformatics tools.
Results
The genotype and allele frequencies of the
CTLA-4
(+49A/G) polymorphism were significantly different between the patients and controls (
p
= 0.00013 and 0.0002, respectively). In particular, the frequency of the G allele, GG homozygous genotype, and AG heterozygous genotype were significantly increased in patients than in controls ([28% versus 7%, odds ratio (OR) = 5.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.77–9.65,
p
= 0.00] [12% versus 2%, OR = 6.68, CI = 1.46–30.69,
p
= 0.01] [32% versus 10%, OR = 4.24, CI = 1.95–9.21,
p
= 0.00], respectively). The presence of the G allele (homozygous) showed an influence on the signal peptide polarity, hydrophobicity, and α-helix propensity of the CTLA-protein.
Conclusion
The results further support the association of
CTLA-4
(+49A/G) polymorphism and the risk of T1DM in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid E Khalid Kheiralla
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
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21
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Mázló A, Kovács R, Miltner N, Tóth M, Veréb Z, Szabó K, Bacskai I, Pázmándi K, Apáti Á, Bíró T, Bene K, Rajnavölgyi É, Bácsi A. MSC-like cells increase ability of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to polarize IL-17-/IL-10-producing T cells via CTLA-4. iScience 2021; 24:102312. [PMID: 33855282 PMCID: PMC8027231 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell-like (MSCl) cells generated from human embryonic stem cells are considered to be an eligible cell line to model the immunomodulatory behavior of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential players in the maintenance and restoration of the sensitive balance between tolerance and immunity. Here, the effects of MSCl cells on the in vitro differentiation of human monocytes into DCs were investigated. MSCl cells promote the differentiation of CTLA-4 expressing DCs via the production of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) functioning as a ligand of RARα, a key nuclear receptor in DC development. These semi-matured DCs exhibit an ability to activate allogeneic, naive T cells and polarize them into IL-10 + IL-17 + double-positive T helper cells in a CTLA-4-dependent manner. Mapping the molecular mechanisms of MSC-mediated indirect modulation of DC differentiation may help to expand MSCs' clinical application in cell-free therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells alter moDC differentiation via RARα activation Mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells express genes known to play role in ATRA synthesis MoDCs, differentiated in the presence of MSCl-derived factors, express CTLA-4 CTLA-4+ moDCs are able to induce polarization of IL-10- and IL-17-producing helper T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Mázló
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Noémi Miltner
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Márta Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád County 6720, Hungary.,Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád County 6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabó
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bacskai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Éva Rajnavölgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County 4032, Hungary
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22
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Oyewole-Said D, Konduri V, Vazquez-Perez J, Weldon SA, Levitt JM, Decker WK. Beyond T-Cells: Functional Characterization of CTLA-4 Expression in Immune and Non-Immune Cell Types. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608024. [PMID: 33384695 PMCID: PMC7770141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response consists of a finely-tuned program, the activation of which must be coupled with inhibitory mechanisms whenever initiated. This ensures tight control of beneficial anti-pathogen and anti-tumor responses while preserving tissue integrity, promoting tissue repair, and safeguarding against autoimmunity. A cogent example of this binary response is in the mobilization of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signaling in regulating the strength and type of a T-cell response. Of particular importance is the costimulatory molecule CD28 which is countered by CTLA-4. While the role of CD28 in the immune response has been thoroughly elucidated, many aspects of CTLA-4 biology remain controversial. The expression of CD28 is largely constrained to constitutive expression in T-cells and as such, teasing out its function has been somewhat simplified by a limited and specific expression profile. The expression of CTLA-4, on the other hand, while reported predominantly in T-cells, has also been described on a diverse repertoire of cells within both lymphoid and myeloid lineages as well as on the surface of tumors. Nonetheless, the function of CTLA-4 has been mostly described within the context of T-cell biology. The focus on T-cell biology may be a direct result of the high degree of amino acid sequence homology and the co-expression pattern of CD28 and CTLA-4, which initially led to the discovery of CTLA-4 as a counter receptor to CD28 (for which a T-cell-activating role had already been described). Furthermore, observations of the outsized role of CTLA-4 in Treg-mediated immune suppression and the striking phenotype of T-cell hyperproliferation and resultant disease in CTLA-4−/− mice contribute to an appropriate T-cell-centric focus in the study of CTLA-4. Complete elucidation of CTLA-4 biology, however, may require a more nuanced understanding of its role in a context other than that of T-cells. This makes particular sense in light of the remarkable, yet limited utility of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in the treatment of cancers and of CTLA-4-Ig in autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. By fully deducing the biology of CTLA-4-regulated immune homeostasis, bottlenecks that hinder the widespread applicability of CTLA-4-based immunotherapies can be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Oyewole-Said
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott A Weldon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Mihic-Probst D, Reinehr M, Dettwiler S, Kolm I, Britschgi C, Kudura K, Maggio EM, Lenggenhager D, Rushing EJ. The role of macrophages type 2 and T-regs in immune checkpoint inhibitor related adverse events. Immunobiology 2020; 225:152009. [PMID: 32962812 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitory (ICI) therapy represents a novel approach in a variety of cancers, with impressive survival benefit. With ICIs, however, a new spectrum of immune related adverse events (irAE) including life threatening hypohysitis has emerged. This autopsy study aimed to investigate inflammatory cells, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in cases of patients who developed hypophysitis and involvement of other organs. We analysed 6 patients, who were treated with ICIs and developed hypophysitis. Two received an additional MAP-kinase inhibitor, MEK-inhibitor and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Besides the pituitary gland, all investigated adrenal glands (5/5) were affected; three cases had other organs involved (liver (2/6), thyroid (2/6), lung (1/6), myocardium (1/6), colon (1/6). The inflammatory cells of involved organs were further specified and PD1 and PDL-1 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. We observed that patients treated with ICIs alone showed T-cell predominant lymphocytic infiltrates, whereas patients receiving additional therapies demonstrated an increase in B- and T-lymphocytes. Surprisingly, the dominant inflammatory population was not T-cell, but type 2 macrophages. CD25 positive T-regs were sparse or absent. Our study suggests that T cell activation is only partially responsible for irAE. ICI therapy interaction with CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL-1 in type 2 macrophages appears to result in disturbance of their control. Furthermore, depletion of T-regs seems to contribute significantly. Our findings with simultaneous pituitary and adrenal gland involvement underlines the systemic involvement as well as the importance of monitoring cortisol levels to avoid potentially life threatening hypocortisolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mihic-Probst
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Reinehr
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dettwiler
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Britschgi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ken Kudura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ewerton Marques Maggio
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Lenggenhager
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Isolation of Two Novel Human Anti-CTLA-4 mAbs with Intriguing Biological Properties on Tumor and NK Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082204. [PMID: 32781690 PMCID: PMC7464132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has been considered an IC exclusively expressed on T cells, where it counteracts the co-stimulatory CD28 receptor, by competing for its binding to CD-80 and CD-86. We recently found that it is expressed also on tumor and NK cells, suggesting other possible unknown roles of CTLA-4. To shed light on these novel aspects of CTLA-4, we used Ipilimumab, the first FDA approved human antibody targeting CTLA-4, in parallel studies with two novel human mAbs we isolated by using an efficient phage display selection strategy on live activated lymphocytes and purified mouse and human CTLA-4. The selection for cross-reactive mAbs was guaranteed by a high throughput sequencing to identify the sequences commonly enriched by two parallel pannings on human and mouse CTLA-4. Two isolated antibodies were found to bind with high affinity to both human and mouse CTLA-4 and lymphocytes, showing nanomolar or sub-nanomolar Kd values. They were able to kill Treg cells by ADCC, and to activate both human and mouse PBMCs, by strongly increasing cytokines secretion. Interestingly, they activated NK cells, exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells by inducing ADCC and inhibited tumor cell growth by affecting CTLA-4 downstream pathways in a similar fashion to CD-80 and CD-86 ligands and differently from Ipilimumab. Moreover, the novel mAbs showed a reduced ability to interfere in the binding of CD-80 ligands to CTLA-4 on T cells with respect to Ipilimumab, suggesting that they could allow for anti-tumor effects without the irAEs associated with the potent antagonistic activity of Ipilimumab.
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25
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Navarrete-Bernal MGC, Cervantes-Badillo MG, Martínez-Herrera JF, Lara-Torres CO, Gerson-Cwilich R, Zentella-Dehesa A, Ibarra-Sánchez MDJ, Esparza-López J, Montesinos JJ, Cortés-Morales VA, Osorio-Pérez D, Villegas-Osorno DA, Reyes-Sánchez E, Salazar-Sojo P, Tallabs-Utrilla LF, Romero-Córdoba S, Rocha-Zavaleta L. Biological Landscape of Triple Negative Breast Cancers Expressing CTLA-4. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1206. [PMID: 32850353 PMCID: PMC7419680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis, partly because of the absence of targeted therapies. Recognition of the key role of immune responses against cancer has allowed the advent of immunotherapy, focused on the inhibition of negative immune checkpoints, such as CTLA-4. CTLA-4 is also expressed in some cancer cells, but its activity in tumor cells is not completely understood. Thus, the aim of the present work was to determine the biological landscape and functions of CTLA-4 expressed in TNBC cells through preclinical and in silico analysis. Exploration of CTLA-4 by immunohistochemistry in 50 TNBC tumors revealed membrane and cytoplasmic expression at different intensities. Preclinical experiments, using TNBC cell lines, showed that stimulation of CTLA-4 with CD80 enhances activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, while CTLA-4 blockade by Ipilimumab induces the activation of AKT and reduces cell proliferation in vitro. We then developed an analytic pipeline to define the effects of CTLA-4 in available public data that allowed us to identify four distinct tumor clusters associated with CTLA-4 activation, which are characterized by enrichment of distinctive pathways associated with cell adhesion, MAPK signaling, TGF-ß, VEGF, TNF-α, drug metabolism, ion and amino acid transport, and KRAS signaling, among others. In addition, blockade of CTLA-4 induced increased secretion of IL-2 by tumor cells, suggesting that the receptor regulates cellular functions that may impact the immune microenvironment. This is relevant because a deep characterization of immune infiltrate, conducted using public data to estimate the abundancies of immune-cell types, showed that CTLA-4-activated-like tumors present a conditional immune state similar to an escape phenotype exploited by cancer cells. Finally, by interrogating transcriptional predictors of immunotherapy response, we defined that CTLA-4 activation correlates with high immune scores related to good clinical predicted responses to anti-CTLA-4 therapy. This work sheds new light on the roles of activated CLTA-4 in the tumor compartment and suggests an important interplay between tumor CLTA-4-activated portraits and immune-infiltrating cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G C Navarrete-Bernal
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mayte G Cervantes-Badillo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - César O Lara-Torres
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Pathology Service, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María de Jesús Ibarra-Sánchez
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Esparza-López
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan J Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Víctor Adrián Cortés-Morales
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Diego Osorio-Pérez
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Cancer Center, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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26
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Wampler Muskardin TL, Fan W, Jin Z, Jensen MA, Dorschner JM, Ghodke-Puranik Y, Dicke B, Vsetecka D, Wright K, Mason T, Persellin S, Michet CJ, Davis JM, Matteson E, Niewold TB. Distinct Single Cell Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Monocytes Correlates With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Treatment Response Groups Defined by Type I Interferon in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1384. [PMID: 32765497 PMCID: PMC7378891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated in test and validation cohorts that type I IFN (T1IFN) activity can predict non-response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we examine the biology of non-classical and classical monocytes from RA patients defined by their pre-biologic treatment T1IFN activity. We compared single cell gene expression in purified classical (CL, n = 342) and non-classical (NC, n = 359) monocytes. In our previous work, RA patients who had either high IFNβ/α activity (>1.3) or undetectable T1IFN were likely to have EULAR non-response to TNFi. In this study comparisons were made among patients grouped according to their pre-biologic treatment T1IFN activity as clinically relevant: “T1IFN undetectable (T1IFN ND) or IFNβ/α >1.3” (n = 9) and “T1IFN detectable but IFNβ/α ≤ 1.3” (n = 6). In addition, comparisons were made among patients grouped according to their T1IFN activity itself: “T1IFN ND,” “T1IFN detected and IFNβ/α ≤ 1.3,” and “IFNβ/α >1.3.” Major differences in gene expression were apparent in principal component and unsupervised cluster analyses. CL monocytes from the T1IFN ND or IFNβ/α >1.3 group were unlikely to express JAK1 and IFI27 (p < 0.0001 and p 0.0005, respectively). In NC monocytes from the same group, expression of IFNAR1, IRF1, TNFA, TLR4 (p ≤ 0.0001 for each) and others was enriched. Interestingly, JAK1 expression was absent in CL and NC monocytes from nine patients. This pattern most strongly associated with the IFNβ/α>1.3 group. Differences in gene expression in monocytes among the groups suggest differential IFN pathway activation in RA patients who are either likely to respond or to have no response to TNFi. Additional transcripts enriched in NC cells of those in the T1IFN ND and IFNβ/α >1.3 groups included MYD88, CD86, IRF1, and IL8. This work could suggest key pathways active in biologically defined groups of patients, and potential therapeutic strategies for those patients unlikely to respond to TNFi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Wampler Muskardin
- Department of Medicine, Colton Center for Autoimmunity, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongbo Jin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark A Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Colton Center for Autoimmunity, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica M Dorschner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yogita Ghodke-Puranik
- Department of Medicine, Colton Center for Autoimmunity, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Betty Dicke
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Danielle Vsetecka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kerry Wright
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Thomas Mason
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott Persellin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Clement J Michet
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eric Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Department of Medicine, Colton Center for Autoimmunity, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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27
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Passariello M, Camorani S, Vetrei C, Ricci S, Cerchia L, De Lorenzo C. Ipilimumab and Its Derived EGFR Aptamer-Based Conjugate Induce Efficient NK Cell Activation against Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E331. [PMID: 32024070 PMCID: PMC7072174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-antigen 4), which inhibits the co-stimulatory CD28 signal on T cells, has been recently found expressed on other cell populations, such as tumor and natural killer (NK) cells. We tested for the first time the effects of ipilimumab, the human anti-CTLA4 mAb in clinical use, on these cells and found that it inhibits the growth of tumor cells expressing CTLA-4 also in the absence of lymphocytes, and efficiently activates NK cells, thus suggesting an important unexplored role of NK cells in ipilimumab-modulated immune responses. Interestingly, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to play a key role in tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, and in cytotoxic T lymphocyte inhibition. Thus, we tested combinatorial treatments of ipilimumab with an anti-EGFR aptamer endowed with anti-tumor activity, and constructed for the first time a novel bispecific immunoconjugate, made up of these two compounds. The novel immunoconjugate binds to the target cells, induces the activation of lymphocytes, including NK cells, and inhibits the growth of tumor target cells more efficiently than the parental compounds, by strongly enhancing the cytotoxic activity of both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and NK cells against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Passariello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
- Ceinge – Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Camorani
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), CNR, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Vetrei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
- Ceinge – Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
- Ceinge – Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), CNR, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia De Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
- Ceinge – Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
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28
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Hosseini A, Gharibi T, Marofi F, Babaloo Z, Baradaran B. CTLA-4: From mechanism to autoimmune therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106221. [PMID: 32007707 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7.1 and B7.2, the expression and biological function of CTLA-4 is important for the negative regulation of T cell responses. Therefore, elimination of CTLA-4 can result in the breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of several diseases such as autoimmunity. Inhibitory signals of CTLA-4 suppress T cell responses and protect against autoimmune diseases in many ways. In this review, we summarize the structure, expression and signaling pathway of CTLA-4. We also highlight how CTLA-4 defends against potentially self-reactive T cells. Finally, we discuss how the CTLA-4 regulates a number of autoimmune diseases that indicate manipulation of this inhibitory molecule is a promise as a strategy for the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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29
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Li W, Qie J, Zhang Y, Chang J. Spatiotemporal Changes in Checkpoint Molecule Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:167-200. [PMID: 32185711 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, have led to therapeutic breakthrough in patients with advanced malignancy, covering the lung, breast, gastrointestinal, head and neck, urinary system, lymphoma, and solid tumor harboring MSI/dMMR. In certain cancer types, the expression level of immune checkpoint molecule will be required if the immune-based approaches are considered, especially the PD-L1 expression. However, in other types, survival benefit has been proven regardless of PD-L1 expression. It raises a question of how to select patients for immune therapy and whether the expression of immune checkpoint molecules will be optimal biomarkers. Before answering this question, a comprehensive map for the expression of immune checkpoint molecules is needed. In this chapter, we describe our current knowledge on the spatiotemporal changes in the expression of checkpoint molecules. We discuss the different frequencies of expression depending on tumor types and stages, the different patterns between primary and metastatic tumors, as well as the change of expression before and after treatment. The expression of PD-L1 has been most studied, but the threshold that separate "positive" and "negative" PD-L1 expressions and the consistency of testing platform remain under debate. Better understanding on the tumor microenvironment and expression of checkpoint molecules will help to identify patients who will benefit from checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jingbo Qie
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinjia Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
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30
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Wakeley ME, Gray CC, Monaghan SF, Heffernan DS, Ayala A. Check Point Inhibitors and Their Role in Immunosuppression in Sepsis. Crit Care Clin 2020; 36:69-88. [PMID: 31733683 PMCID: PMC6863093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint regulators are a group of membrane-bound receptors or ligands expressed on immune cells to regulate the immune cell response to antigen presentation and other immune stimuli, such as cytokines, chemokines, and complement. In the context of profound immune activation, such as sepsis, the immune system can be rendered anergic by these receptors to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage. If this septic immunosuppression is prolonged, the host is unable to mount the appropriate immune response to a secondary insult or infection. This article describes the manner in which major regulators in the B7-CD28 family and their ligands mediate immunosuppression in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Wakeley
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Room 242 Aldrich Building, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Chyna C Gray
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry Department, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Room 244 Aldrich Building, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Room 211 Middle House, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Room 211 Middle House, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Room 205 Middle House, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Room 205 Middle House, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Room 227 Aldrich Building, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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31
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Takheaw N, Laopajon W, Surinkaew S, Khummuang S, Pata S, Kasinrerk W. Ligation of Na, K ATPase β3 subunit on monocytes by a specific monoclonal antibody mediates T cell hypofunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199717. [PMID: 29940031 PMCID: PMC6016913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a crucial role in orchestrating body immune responses. T cell hyperfunction, however, leads to inflammation and induction of autoimmune diseases. Understanding of T cell regulation mechanisms and successful modulation of T cell responses is beneficial in treatment of disease associated to T cell hyperresponsiveness. Our previous study indicated that monoclonal antibody (mAb) P-3E10, a mAb to Na, K ATPase β3 subunit, inhibited anti-CD3-induced PBMC proliferation. In the current study, we further investigated the mechanism of mAb P-3E10 in the induction of T cell hypofunction. We demonstrated that mAb P-3E10 decreased T cell proliferation and Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine production. Monocytes were the cells playing a key role in mediation of mAb P-3E10 induced T cell hypofunction. The inhibition of T cell activation by mAb P-3E10 required cell contact between monocytes and T cells. The mAb P-3E10 induced the down-expression level of MHC class II and CD86 and increased IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α production of monocytes. We concluded that ligation of the Na, K ATPase β3 subunit on monocytes by mAb P-3E10 arbitrated T cell hypofunction. This mAb might be a promising novel immunotherapeutic antibody for the treatment of hyperresponsive T cell associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuchjira Takheaw
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Witida Laopajon
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saichit Khummuang
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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32
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Santoni G, Amantini C, Morelli MB, Tomassoni D, Santoni M, Marinelli O, Nabissi M, Cardinali C, Paolucci V, Torniai M, Rinaldi S, Morgese F, Bernardini G, Berardi R. High CTLA-4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in thymoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16665-16677. [PMID: 29682176 PMCID: PMC5908277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymomas, tumors that arise from epithelial cells of the thymus gland, are the most common neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum, with an incidence rate of approximately 2.5 per million/year. Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152) exerts inhibitory activity on T cells, and since its oncogenic role in the progression of different types of tumors, it has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in cancer patients. In this study, we assessed the expression of CTLA-4 both at mRNA and protein levels in paraffin embedded-tissues from patients with thymomas. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between CTLA-4 expression and the clinical-pathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with thymomas. Sixty-eight patients with median age corresponding to 62 years were included in this analysis. Thymomas were classified accordingly to the WHO and Masaoka-Koga for histochemical analysis and for prognostic significance. A statistical difference was found between CTLA-4 mRNA levels in human normal thymus compared with thymoma specimens. CTLA-4 expression was statistically found to progressively increase in A, B1, B2, AB and it was maximal in B3 thymomas. According to Masaoka-Koga pathological classification, CTLA-4 expression was lower in I, IIA and IIB, and higher in invasive III and IV stages. By confocal microscopy analysis we identified the expression of CTLA-4 both in tumor cells and in CD45+ tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, mainly in B3 and AB thymomas. Finally, CTLA-4 overexpression significantly correlates with reduced overall survival in thymoma patients and in atypical thymoma subgroup, suggesting that it represents a negative prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi, Salesi di Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Cardinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Paolucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi, Salesi di Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariangela Torniai
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi, Salesi di Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi, Salesi di Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Morgese
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi, Salesi di Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,I.N.M. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia (IS), Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi, Salesi di Ancona, Italy
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33
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de Coaña YP, Wolodarski M, Poschke I, Yoshimoto Y, Yang Y, Nyström M, Edbäck U, Brage SE, Lundqvist A, Masucci GV, Hansson J, Kiessling R. Ipilimumab treatment decreases monocytic MDSCs and increases CD8 effector memory T cells in long-term survivors with advanced melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21539-21553. [PMID: 28423487 PMCID: PMC5400604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipilimumab has revolutionized malignant melanoma therapy, but a better understanding of the mechanisms behind treatment response and adverse effects is needed. In this work, the immune system of ipilimumab treated patients was monitored to investigate potential mechanisms of action that may correlate with treatment outcome. Blood samples from 43 advanced melanoma patients were taken before, during and at the end of treatment. Hematological parameters were measured and flow cytometry analysis was performed in fresh samples within two hours of sample collection. Strong differences in markers CD45RA, CCR7, HLA-DR and CD15 between fresh and cryopreserved samples were observed. Ipilimumab treatment increased absolute lymphocyte counts, eosinophils, effector T cells and their activation status, whilst diminishing the suppressive side of the immune response, acting on regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These effects were visible after one ipilimumab infusion and, regarding eosinophil counts, correlated with onset of adverse events. Monocytic MDSCs were decreased in response to treatment only in patients with clinical benefit; additionally, patients with a lower frequency of these cells after the first ipilimumab infusion experienced increased overall survival. CD8 effector memory T cell frequencies at the end of treatment were higher in patients with clinical benefit and positively correlated with survival. These data show that a clinical response to ipilimumab not only requires reshaping T cell populations, but additionally involves a reduction in suppressive cells such as monocytic MDSCs. Our work could provide insight on predicting treatment outcome, assisting clinicians in offering the best personalized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Pico de Coaña
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Wolodarski
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Poschke
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuya Yoshimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Maria Nyström
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Edbäck
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Eghyazi Brage
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Therapies Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Giuseppe V Masucci
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Schildberg FA, Klein SR, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH. Coinhibitory Pathways in the B7-CD28 Ligand-Receptor Family. Immunity 2017; 44:955-72. [PMID: 27192563 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses need to be controlled for optimal protective immunity and tolerance. Coinhibitory pathways in the B7-CD28 family provide critical inhibitory signals that regulate immune homeostasis and defense and protect tissue integrity. These coinhibitory signals limit the strength and duration of immune responses, thereby curbing immune-mediated tissue damage, regulating resolution of inflammation, and maintaining tolerance to prevent autoimmunity. Tumors and microbes that cause chronic infections can exploit these coinhibitory pathways to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment, hindering their eradication. Advances in understanding T cell coinhibitory pathways have stimulated a new era of immunotherapy with effective drugs to treat cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases, and transplant rejection. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the coinhibitory functions of pathways in the B7-CD28 family, the diverse functional consequences of these inhibitory signals on immune responses, and the overlapping and unique functions of these key immunoregulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Schildberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Paulsen EE, Kilvaer TK, Rakaee M, Richardsen E, Hald SM, Andersen S, Busund LT, Bremnes RM, Donnem T. CTLA-4 expression in the non-small cell lung cancer patient tumor microenvironment: diverging prognostic impact in primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1449-1461. [PMID: 28707078 PMCID: PMC5645427 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint receptor CTLA-4 plays a crucial part in negatively regulating T cell activation and maintaining self-tolerance. It is frequently overexpressed in a variety of malignancies, yet its prognostic impact in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. We constructed tissue microarrays from tumor tissue samples and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of CTLA-4 in 536 patients with primary resected stage I-IIIA NSCLC. Expression of CTLA-4 was analyzed in tumor and stromal primary tumor tissue and in locoregional metastatic lymph nodes. CTLA-4 expression in neither tumor epithelial cells (T-CTLA-4) nor stromal cells (S-CTLA-4) of primary tumors was significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) in all patients. However, high S-CTLA-4 expression independently predicted significantly improved DSS in the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.93, P = 0.021). In contrast, there was an independent negative prognostic impact of T-CTLA-4 expression in metastatic lymph nodes (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03-2.65, P = 0.039). Our results indicate that the expression of CTLA-4 has diverging prognostic impacts in metastatic NSCLC lymph nodes versus primary tumors. The presented results highlight important differences in the tumor microenvironments of primary and metastatic NSCLC tissues, and have potential to guide treatment and clinical sampling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna-Elise Paulsen
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Mailbox 13, 9038, Tromso, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway.
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9038, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Thomas K Kilvaer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Mailbox 13, 9038, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Mailbox 46, 9038, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Sigurd M Hald
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Mailbox 13, 9038, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Busund
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Mailbox 46, 9038, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Roy M Bremnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Mailbox 13, 9038, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Tom Donnem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Mailbox 13, 9038, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Mailbox 6050, Langnes, 9037, Tromso, Norway
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Foks AC, Kuiper J. Immune checkpoint proteins: exploring their therapeutic potential to regulate atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3940-3955. [PMID: 28369782 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides a large variety of immune checkpoint proteins, which involve both costimulatory and inhibitory proteins. Costimulatory proteins can promote cell survival, cell cycle progression and differentiation to effector and memory cells, whereas inhibitory proteins terminate these processes to halt ongoing inflammation. Immune checkpoint proteins play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis by regulating the activation and proliferation of various immune and non-immune cells, such as T-cells, macrophages and platelets. Upon activation within the atherosclerotic lesions or in secondary lymphoid organs, these cells produce large amounts of pro-atherogenic cytokines that contribute to the growth and destabilization of lesions, which can result in rupture of the lesion causing acute coronary syndromes, such as a myocardial infarction. Given the presence and regulatory capacity of immune checkpoint proteins in the circulation and atherosclerotic lesions of cardiovascular patients, modulation of these proteins by, for example, the use of monoclonal antibodies, offers unique opportunities to regulate pro-inflammatory immune responses in atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the latest advances on the role of immune checkpoint proteins, such as OX40-OX40L, CTLA-4 and TIM proteins, in atherosclerosis and discuss their therapeutic potential as promising immunotherapies to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Foks
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Targeting immune checkpoints: New opportunity for mesothelioma treatment? Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:914-24. [PMID: 26433514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer linked to asbestos exposure in most patients. Due to the long latency between exposure and presentation, incidence is expected to further increase in the next decade, despite the ban on asbestos import which occurred at the end of last century in industrialized countries. Platinum-based palliative chemotherapy is the only treatment with proven benefit on outcome, resulting in selected patients in a median overall survival of about 1 year. Therefore, there is room for therapeutic improvement using a new strategy to prolong survival. Dealing with cancer cell induced immunosuppression is a promising approach. Reactivating immune responses that are silenced by immune checkpoints recently gained a lot of interest. Checkpoint blockade has already shown promising preclinical and clinical results in several cancer types and is currently also being investigated in mesothelioma. Here, we discuss the expression patterns and mechanisms of action of CTLA-4 and PD-1 as the two most studied and of TIM-3 and LAG-3 as two interesting upcoming immune checkpoints. Furthermore, we review the clinical results of molecules blocking these immune checkpoints and point out their future opportunities with a special focus on mesothelioma.
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Iwama S, De Remigis A, Callahan MK, Slovin SF, Wolchok JD, Caturegli P. Pituitary expression of CTLA-4 mediates hypophysitis secondary to administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:230ra45. [PMID: 24695685 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland of unknown (primary forms) or recognizable (secondary forms) etiology, such as the use of ipilimumab in cancer immunotherapy. Ipilimumab, which blocks the T cell inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4), induces hypophysitis in about 4% of patients through unknown mechanisms. We first established a model of secondary hypophysitis by repeated injections of a CTLA-4 blocking antibody into SJL/J or C57BL/6J mice, and showed that they developed lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland and circulating pituitary antibodies. We next assessed the prevalence of pituitary antibodies in a cohort of 20 patients with advanced melanoma or prostate cancer, 7 with a clinical diagnosis of hypophysitis, before and after ipilimumab administration. Pituitary antibodies, negative at baseline, developed in the 7 patients with hypophysitis but not in the 13 without it; these antibodies predominantly recognized thyrotropin-, follicle-stimulating hormone-, and corticotropin-secreting cells. We then hypothesized that the injected CTLA-4 antibody could cause pituitary toxicity if bound to CTLA-4 antigen expressed "ectopically" on pituitary endocrine cells. Pituitary glands indeed expressed CTLA-4 at both RNA and protein levels, particularly in a subset of prolactin- and thyrotropin-secreting cells. Notably, these cells became the site of complement activation, featuring deposition of C3d and C4d components and an inflammatory cascade akin to that seen in type II hypersensitivity. In summary, the study offers a mechanism to explain the pituitary toxicity observed in patients receiving ipilimumab, and highlights the utility of measuring pituitary antibodies in this form of secondary hypophysitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Pico de Coaña Y, Masucci G, Hansson J, Kiessling R. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their role in CTLA-4 blockade therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:977-83. [PMID: 24966003 PMCID: PMC11029783 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are a series of inhibitory pathways that are crucial for modulating the intensity and duration of immune response. Among these checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has been shown to be a key regulator of the early activation of naïve and memory T cells. Immune checkpoint blockade is emerging as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches directed toward the activation of the immune response against tumors. The first of these therapies that has been FDA approved is ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks CTLA-4. The in cis effects that CTLA-4 blockade has on T cells have been properly described, but there are still questions to be answered regarding the indirect or in trans effects. One of the alternative cellular populations that may play a role in the outcome of CTLA-4 blockade therapy is myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which have recently been associated with clinical outcome in advanced melanoma. In addition to this, MDSCs have been shown to be decreased in number and functional potential after treatment with ipilimumab. A better clarification of what effects CTLA-4 blockade may have on these cellular populations is likely to provide insights on possible predictive biomarkers for CTLA-4 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Pico de Coaña
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, R08:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Lemos H, Huang L, Chandler PR, Mohamed E, Souza GR, Li L, Pacholczyk G, Barber GN, Hayakawa Y, Munn DH, Mellor AL. Activation of the STING adaptor attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5571-8. [PMID: 24799564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA sensing activates the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) adaptor to induce IFN type I (IFN-αβ) production. Constitutive DNA sensing to induce sustained STING activation incites tolerance breakdown, leading to autoimmunity. In this study, we show that systemic treatments with DNA nanoparticles (DNPs) induced potent immune regulatory responses via STING signaling that suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) when administered to mice after immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), at EAE onset, or at peak disease severity. DNP treatments attenuated infiltration of effector T cells into the CNS and suppressed innate and adaptive immune responses to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunization in spleen. Therapeutic responses were not observed in mice treated with cargo DNA or cationic polymers alone, indicating that DNP uptake and cargo DNA sensing by cells with regulatory functions was essential for therapeutic responses to manifest. Intact STING and IFN-αβ receptor genes, but not IFN-γ receptor genes, were essential for therapeutic responses to DNPs to manifest. Treatments with cyclic diguanylate monophosphate to activate STING also delayed EAE onset and reduced disease severity. Therapeutic responses to DNPs were critically dependent on IDO enzyme activity in hematopoietic cells. Thus, DNPs and cyclic diguanylate monophosphate attenuate EAE by inducing dominant T cell regulatory responses via the STING/IFN-αβ/IDO pathway that suppress CNS-specific autoimmunity. These findings reveal dichotomous roles for the STING/IFN-αβ pathway in either stimulating or suppressing autoimmunity and identify STING-activating reagents as a novel class of immune modulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Lemos
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Lei Huang
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Phillip R Chandler
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Eslam Mohamed
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Guilherme R Souza
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lingqian Li
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Gabriela Pacholczyk
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Glen N Barber
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota 470-0392, Japan
| | - David H Munn
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912;
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Meyer C, Cagnon L, Costa-Nunes CM, Baumgaertner P, Montandon N, Leyvraz L, Michielin O, Romano E, Speiser DE. Frequencies of circulating MDSC correlate with clinical outcome of melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:247-57. [PMID: 24357148 PMCID: PMC11029062 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis with high resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Recently, the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab has demonstrated clinical efficacy, being the first agent to significantly prolong the overall survival of inoperable stage III/IV melanoma patients. A major aim of patient immune monitoring is the identification of biomarkers that predict clinical outcome. We studied circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in ipilimumab-treated patients to detect alterations in the myeloid cell compartment and possible correlations with clinical outcome. Lin(-) CD14(+) HLA-DR(-) monocytic MDSC were enriched in peripheral blood of melanoma patients compared to healthy donors (HD). Tumor resection did not significantly alter MDSC frequencies. During ipilimumab treatment, MDSC frequencies did not change significantly compared to baseline levels. We observed high inter-patient differences. MDSC frequencies in ipilimumab-treated patients were independent of baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase levels but tended to increase in patients with severe metastatic disease (M1c) compared to patients with metastases in skin or lymph nodes only (M1a), who had frequencies comparable to HD. Interestingly, clinical responders to ipilimumab therapy showed significantly less lin(-) CD14(+) HLA-DR(-) cells as compared to non-responders. The data suggest that the frequency of monocytic MDSC may be used as predictive marker of response, as low frequencies identify patients more likely benefitting from ipilimumab treatment. Prospective clinical trials assessing MDSC frequencies as potential biomarkers are warranted to validate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Meyer
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurène Cagnon
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carla M. Costa-Nunes
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Montandon
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loredana Leyvraz
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pico de Coaña Y, Poschke I, Gentilcore G, Mao Y, Nyström M, Hansson J, Masucci GV, Kiessling R. Ipilimumab treatment results in an early decrease in the frequency of circulating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells as well as their Arginase1 production. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 1:158-62. [PMID: 24777678 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the immune checkpoint molecule CTL antigen-4 (CTLA-4) with ipilimumab has proven to induce long-lasting clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. To study the early response that takes place after CTLA-4 blockade, peripheral blood immune monitoring was conducted in five patients undergoing ipilimumab treatment at baseline, three and nine weeks after administration of the first dose. Along with T-cell population analysis, this work was primarily focused on an in-depth study of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations. Ipilimumab treatment resulted in lower frequencies of regulatory T cells along with reduced expression levels of PD-1 at the nine-week time point. Three weeks after the initial ipilimumab dose, the frequency of granulocytic MDSCs was significantly reduced and was followed by a reduction in the frequency of arginase1-producing CD3(-) cells, indicating an indirect in trans effect that should be taken into account for future evaluations of ipilimumab mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Pico de Coaña
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Laurent S, Queirolo P, Boero S, Salvi S, Piccioli P, Boccardo S, Minghelli S, Morabito A, Fontana V, Pietra G, Carrega P, Ferrari N, Tosetti F, Chang LJ, Mingari MC, Ferlazzo G, Poggi A, Pistillo MP. The engagement of CTLA-4 on primary melanoma cell lines induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and TNF-α production. J Transl Med 2013; 11:108. [PMID: 23634660 PMCID: PMC3663700 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) is traditionally known as a negative regulator of T cell activation. The blocking of CTLA-4 using human monoclonal antibodies, such as Ipilimumab, is currently used to relieve CTLA-4-mediated inhibition of anti-tumor immune response in metastatic melanoma. Herein, we have analyzed CTLA-4 expression and Ipilimumab reactivity on melanoma cell lines and tumor tissues from cutaneous melanoma patients. Then, we investigated whether Ipilimumab can trigger innate immunity in terms of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α release. Finally, a xenograft murine model was set up to determine in vivo the effects of Ipilimumab and NK cells on melanoma. Methods CTLA-4 expression and Ipilimumab reactivity were analyzed on 17 melanoma cell lines (14 primary and 3 long-term cell lines) by cytofluorimetry and on 33 melanoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. CTLA-4 transcripts were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Soluble CTLA-4 and TNF-α were tested by ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), NK and γδT cells were tested in ADCC assay with Ipilimumab and melanoma cell lines. TNF-α release was analyzed in NK-melanoma cell co-cultures in the presence of ipilimumab. In vivo experiments of xenotransplantation were carried out in NOD/SCID mice. Results were analyzed using unpaired Student’s t-test. Results All melanoma cell lines expressed mRNA and cytoplasmic CTLA-4 but surface reactivity with Ipilimumab was quite heterogeneous. Accordingly, about 2/3 of melanoma specimens expressed CTLA-4 at different level of intensity. Ipilimumab triggered, via FcγReceptorIIIA (CD16), ex vivo NK cells as well as PBMC, IL-2 activated NK and γδT cells to ADCC of CTLA-4+ melanoma cells. No ADCC was detected upon interaction with CTLA-4- FO-1 melanoma cell line. TNF-α was released upon interaction of NK cells with CTLA-4+ melanoma cell lines. Remarkably, Ipilimumab neither affected proliferation and viability nor triggered ADCC of CTLA-4+ T lymphocytes. In a chimeric murine xenograft model, the co-engraftment of Ipilimumab-treated melanoma cells with human allogeneic NK cells delayed and significantly reduced tumor growth, as compared to mice receiving control xenografts. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that Ipilimumab triggers effector lymphocytes to cytotoxicity and TNF-α release. These findings suggest that Ipilimumab, besides blocking CTLA-4, can directly activate the elimination of CTLA-4+ melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Laurent
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Salvi S, Fontana V, Boccardo S, Merlo DF, Margallo E, Laurent S, Morabito A, Rijavec E, Dal Bello MG, Mora M, Ratto GB, Grossi F, Truini M, Pistillo MP. Evaluation of CTLA-4 expression and relevance as a novel prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1463-72. [PMID: 22318401 PMCID: PMC11029051 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of CTLA-4 in negative regulation of T-cell mediated immune response is particularly well established. Much less is known about its expression and function in tumour cells, and to our knowledge, no data are available on its possible impact on prognosis of NSCLC patients. We investigated CTLA-4 expression and prognostic role in 81 patients with radically resected stage I-III NSCLC. The analysis was performed by tissue microarray immunohistochemistry, and the median H-score of 20 was used as a threshold to define CTLA-4 overexpressing tumours. Correlation with standard prognostic factors was performed by using absolute and relative fold change indexes. Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence limits (95% CL) were computed through the Cox model. A higher frequency of CTLA-4 overexpression (>20) was found in non-squamous than in squamous NSCLC (52.8 vs. 35.7%) and in Ki67 ≤ 15 expressing tumours, as compared to those with Ki67 > 15 (51.5 vs. 38.7%). A reduced death rate was found in CTLA-4 overexpressing tumours (HR = 0.60, 95% CL = 0.28/1.23), and a further decrease was observed when considering tumours with CTLA-4 > 20 and Ki67 ≤ 15, in comparison with tumours with CTLA-4 ≤ 20 and Ki67 > 15 (HR = 0.41; 95% CL = 0.15/1.13). Our observational and exploratory study provides a first and promising indication for an independent prognostic effect of CTLA-4 overexpression in radically resected NSCLC. We presume that this effect relies on modulation of the interaction of microscopic disease with CTLA-4-ligands expressing cells leading to NSCLC cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salvi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fontana
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Boccardo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Franco Merlo
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Margallo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Laurent
- Tumour Genetics and Epigenetics, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Morabito
- Tumour Genetics and Epigenetics, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Mora
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Truini
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pistillo
- Tumour Genetics and Epigenetics, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Wang YC, Deng JL, Xu SW, Peng X, Zuo ZC, Cui HM, Wang Y, Ren ZH. Effects of zearalenone on IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ mRNA levels in the splenic lymphocytes of chickens. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:567327. [PMID: 22645433 PMCID: PMC3354442 DOI: 10.1100/2012/567327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, which can contaminate food and feed. These compounds elicit a wide spectrum of toxic effects, including the capacity to alter normal immune function. In this study, the in vitro effects of the treatment of ConA-stimulated splenic lymphocytes with ZEN (0-25 μg/mL) were examined. ZEN modulates the expression of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ. The IL-2 levels were up to fourfold higher (P < 0.05) compared with the levels in the control at toxin concentrations of 25 μg/mL after 48 h of treatment. The IL-6 levels were critically suppressed at this concentration; these changes were very statistically significant (P < 0.05). At lower ZEN concentrations (0.1, 0.4 and 1.6 μg/mL), the IFN-γ levels changed slightly; however at 6.25 and 25 μg/mL, the IFN-γ results reached statistical significance compared with the control levels (P < 0.05). These data suggest that ZEN has potent effects on the expression of chicken splenic lymphocytes cytokines at the mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. C. Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - J. L. Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - S. W. Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - X. Peng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Z. C. Zuo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazards Disease, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - H. M. Cui
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Y. Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazards Disease, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Z. H. Ren
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazards Disease, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
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Wang XY, Zuo D, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 as a new therapeutic approach for advanced melanoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:2695-706. [PMID: 22077831 PMCID: PMC3711751 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.629187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of melanoma continues to rise, and prognosis in patients with metastatic melanoma remains poor. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) serves as one of the primary immune check points and downregulates T-cell activation pathways. Enhancing T-cell activation by antibody blockade of CTLA-4 provides a new approach to overcome tumor-induced immune tolerance. Recently, anti-CTLA-4 therapy demonstrated significant clinical benefits in patients with metastatic melanoma, which led to the approval of ipilimumab by the FDA in early 2011. AREAS COVERED The fundamental concepts underlying CTLA-4 blockade-potentiated immune activation are presented in this paper, along with the scientific rationale for and the preclinical evidence supporting CTLA-4-targeted cancer immunotherapy. It also provides an update on clinical trials with anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors and discusses the associated autoimmune toxicity. EXPERT OPINION Given that overall survival is the only validated end point for anti-CTLA-4 therapy, the clinical implications of the antigen or tumor-specific immunity in patients remain to be clarified. Additional research is necessary to elucidate the prognostic significance of immune-related side effects and significantly optimize the treatment regimens. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of action of CTLA-4 antibodies may also culminate in wide-ranging clinical applications of this new therapy for other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
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Wen X, Kudo T, Payne L, Wang X, Rodgers L, Suzuki Y. Predominant interferon-γ-mediated expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5 proteins in the brain during chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice resistant to development of toxoplasmic encephalitis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 30:653-60. [PMID: 20626297 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in expression of chemokine mRNA and proteins in the brain during chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii using BALB/c and BALB/c-background IFN-γ knockout (IFN-γ(-/-)) mice. BALB/c mice are genetically resistant to development of toxoplasmic encephalitis and establish a latent, chronic infection in the brain through IFN-γ-mediated immune responses. Amounts of mRNA for CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL11/I-TAC, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, and CCL5/RANTES significantly increased in the brains of wild-type mice after infection. CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, and CCL5/RANTES mRNA were most abundant among these chemokines. An increase in amounts of mRNA for CXCL10/IP-10, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, and CCL5/RANTES was also observed in the brains of IFN-γ(-/-) mice after infection, although CXCL10/I-10 and CCL5/RANTES mRNA levels in infected IFN-γ(-/-) mice were significantly lower than those of infected wild-type animals. Amounts of mRNA for CXCL9/MIG and CXCL11/I-TAC remained at the basal levels in infected IFN-γ(-/-) mice. When amounts of the chemokine proteins were examined in the brain homogenates of uninfected and infected mice of both strains, large amounts of CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, and CCL5/RANTES were detected only in infected wild-type animals. These results indicate that CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, and CCL5/RANTES are the chemokines predominantly induced in the brains of genetically resistant BALB/c mice during chronic infection with T. gondii, and their expression is dependent on IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Wen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Wang XB, Fan ZZ, Anton D, Vollenhoven AV, Ni ZH, Chen XF, Lefvert AK. CTLA4 is expressed on mature dendritic cells derived from human monocytes and influences their maturation and antigen presentation. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:21. [PMID: 21414236 PMCID: PMC3070687 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate immune responses through their direct interaction with effector cells. However, the mechanism by which DC activity is regulated is not well defined. Previous studies have shown that CTLA4 on T cells regulates DCs function by "cross-talk". We investigated whether there is an intrinsic regulatory mechanism in DCs, with CTLA4 as a candidate regulator. Results We confirmed via RT-PCR and flow cytometry the natural expression of CTLA4 on mature DCs derived from human monocytes. Approximately 8% CD1a-positive cells express CTLA4 both on surface and intracellular, whereas 10% CD1a-negative cells express CTLA4 intracellularly, but little expression was observed on the cell surface. The cross-linking of CTLA4 inhibits DCs maturation and antigen presentation in vitro, but does not inhibit endocytosis. Conclusions CTLA4 is expressed by DCs and plays an inhibitory role. CTLA4-expressing DCs may represent a group of regulatory DCs. Because of its wide distribution on different cell types, CTLA4 may play a general role in regulating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong B Wang
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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The soluble CTLA-4 receptor and its role in autoimmune diseases: an update. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2010; 1:73-81. [PMID: 26000110 PMCID: PMC4389044 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-010-0011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CTLA-4, initially described as a membranebound molecule, is a costimulatory receptor transducing a potent inhibitory signal. Increasing evidence shows the CTLA-4 gene to be an important susceptibility locus for autoimmune endocrinopathies and other autoimmune disorders. A soluble form of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) has been established and shown to possess CD80/CD86 binding activity and in vitro immunoregulatory functions. sCTLA-4 is generated by alternatively spliced mRNA. Whereas low levels of sCTLA-4 are detected in normal human serum, increased serum levels are observed in several autoimmune diseases (e.g. Graves’ disease, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, systemic sclerosis, coeliac disease, autoimmune pancreatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis). The biological significance of increased sCTLA-4 serum levels is not fully clarified yet. On the one hand, it can be envisaged that sCTLA-4 specifically inhibits early T-cell activation by blocking the interaction of CD80/CD86 with the costimulatory receptor CD28. On the other hand, higher levels of sCTLA-4 could compete for the binding of the membrane form of CTLA-4 with CD80/CD86 in the later phases of T-lymphocyte activation, causing a reduction in inhibitory signalling. This double-edged nature of sCTLA-4 to block the binding of CD28 to CD80/CD86 may result in different outcomes during the clinical course of an autoimmune disease.
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Comin-Anduix B, Sazegar H, Chodon T, Matsunaga D, Jalil J, von Euw E, Escuin-Ordinas H, Balderas R, Chmielowski B, Gomez-Navarro J, Koya RC, Ribas A. Modulation of cell signaling networks after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12711. [PMID: 20856802 PMCID: PMC2939876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects on cell signalling networks upon blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) using the monoclonal antibody tremelimumab were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from patients with metastatic melanoma. Methodology/Principal Findings Intracellular flow cytometry was used to detect phosphorylated (p) signaling molecules downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) and cytokine receptors. PBMC from tremelimumab-treated patients were characterized by increase in pp38, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3, and decrease in pLck, pERK1/2 and pSTAT5 levels. These changes were noted in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes but also in CD14 monocytes. A divergent pattern of phosphorylation of Zap70, LAT, Akt and STAT6 was noted in patients with or without an objective tumor response. Conclusions/Significance The administration of the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab to patients with metastatic melanoma influences signaling networks downstream of the TCR and cytokine receptors both in T cells and monocytes. The strong modulation of signaling networks in monocytes suggests that this cell subset may be involved in clinical responses to CTLA4 blockade. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov; Registration numbers NCT00090896 and NCT00471887
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Comin-Anduix
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BCA); (AR)
| | - Hooman Sazegar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thinle Chodon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas Matsunaga
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Jalil
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Erika von Euw
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Helena Escuin-Ordinas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Balderas
- BD Biosciences, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jesus Gomez-Navarro
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, New London, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Koya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BCA); (AR)
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