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Amaador K, Vos JMI, Pals ST, Kraan W, Dobber JA, Minnema MC, Koene HR, de Bruin PC, Zwinderman AH, Kersten MJ. Discriminating between Waldenström macroglobulinemia and marginal zone lymphoma using logistic LASSO regression. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:1070-1079. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2018584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Amaador
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine M. I. Vos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T. Pals
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Kraan
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Dobber
- Laboratory of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry R. Koene
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C. de Bruin
- Department of Pathology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Aiko H. Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Selective Cytotoxicity of Single and Dual Anti-CD19 and Anti-CD138 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer Cells against Hematologic Malignancies. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5562630. [PMID: 34337077 PMCID: PMC8289607 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5562630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the first line of defense that rapidly respond to malignant transformed cells. Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) engineered NK cells, although are still at the preliminary stage, have been shown to be alternative to CAR-T cells, mainly due to the absence of graft-versus-host disease and safer clinical profile. Allogeneic human NK cell line NK-92 cells, equipped by CAR, are being developed for clinical applications. Herein, we designed third-generation CARs, optimized the production protocol, and generated CAR-NK-92 cells, targeting CD19 and/or CD138 antigens that employ CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3ζ signaling, with >80% CAR expression, designated as CD19-NK-92, CD138-NK-92, and dual-NK-92 cells. The generated CAR-NK-92 cells displayed high and selective cytotoxicity toward various corresponding leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro. Multitargeting approach using a mixture of CD19-NK-92 and CD138-NK-92 cells was also evaluated at various ratios to test the idea of personalized formulation to match the patients' antigen expression profile. Our data indicate that increasing the ratio of CD19-NK-92 to CD138-NK-92 could improve NK cytotoxicity in leukemia cells with a relatively higher expression of CD19 over CD138, supporting the personalized proof of concept. This information represents the basis for further in vivo studies and future progress to clinical trials.
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Alaeddini M, Yazdani F, Etemad-Moghadam S. Stromal and epithelial syndecan-1 expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: which is more reflective of behavior? Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 87:171-177. [PMID: 31540870 PMCID: PMC9422431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salivary gland tumors are a diverse group of lesions, with various origins and extremely different behaviors, leading to a variety of outcomes for patients. Therefore, the need to discover novel markers with the ability to predict the behavior of benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms is crucial. Syndecan-1 is a cell-surface protein with significant roles in various aspects of tumor function. Its expression in salivary gland neoplasms, especially their stromal component, has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the immunopositivity of syndecan-1 in epithelial and stromal components of salivary gland neoplasms and to compare it between benign and malignant subtypes in addition to evaluating its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. METHODS 133 salivary gland tumors were immunohistochemically stained with syndecan-1 and the intensity and percentage of this protein was determined, compared between the tumors and correlated with clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS Statistical analysis of lesions with a sufficient sample size showed significant differences in percentage and intensity between both epithelial and stromal components of all tumors (p<0.05). Pairwise-comparisons demonstrated significantly higher staining-percentage of epithelial cells (p=0.02) in Warthin's tumor compared to pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Similarly, significantly higher staining intensities and/or percentages was observed in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma compared to pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor (p<0.05). Of the clinicopathologic factors, there was only a significant negative correlation between stromal percentage of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and age and a significant difference between stromal intensity+percentage of adenoid cystic carcinoma and gender (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to our findings we postulate that stromal syndecan-1 correlates with the behavior of salivary gland tumors, with malignant neoplasms demonstrating a higher expression, indicating a role for syndecan-1 in invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Alaeddini
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dentistry Research Institute, Dental Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Yazdani
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Amiralam Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dentistry Research Institute, Dental Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
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Tsidulko AY, Matskova L, Astakhova LA, Ernberg I, Grigorieva EV. Proteoglycan expression correlates with the phenotype of malignant and non-malignant EBV-positive B-cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43529-39. [PMID: 26527314 PMCID: PMC4791248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of proteoglycans (PGs) in EBV-host interactions and lymphomagenesis remains poorly investigated. In this study, expression of major proteoglycans (syndecan-1, glypican-1, perlecan, versican, brevican, aggrecan, NG2, serglycin, decorin, biglycan, lumican, CD44), heparan sulphate (HS) metabolic system (EXT1/2, NDST1/2, GLCE, HS2ST1, HS3ST1/2, HS6ST1/2, SULF1/2, HPSE) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagen 1A1, fibronectin, elastin) in primary B cells and EBV carrying cell lines with different phenotypes, patterns of EBV-host cell interaction and viral latency stages (type I-III) was investigated. Primary B cells expressed a wide repertoire of PGs (dominated by serglycin and CD44) and ECM components. Lymphoblastoid EBV+ B cell lines (LCLs) showed specific PG expression with down-regulation of CD44 and ECM components and up-regulation of serglycin and perlecan/HSPG2. For Burkitt's lymphoma cells (BL), serglycin was down-regulated in BL type III cells and perlecan in type I BL cells. The biosynthetic machinery for HS was active in all cell lines, with some tendency to be down-regulated in BL cells. 5'-aza-dC and/or Trichostatin A resulted in transcriptional upregulation of the genes, suggesting that low expression of ECM components, proteoglycan core proteins and HS biosynthetic system is due to epigenetic suppression in type I cells. Taken together, our data show that proteoglycans are expressed in primary B lymphocytes whereas they are not or only partly expressed in EBV-carrying cell lines, depending on their latency type program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Tsidulko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elvira V Grigorieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Insights into the molecular roles of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs—syndecans) in autocrine and paracrine growth factor signaling in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11573-11588. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Syndecan-1 in Cancer: Implications for Cell Signaling, Differentiation, and Prognostication. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:796052. [PMID: 26420915 PMCID: PMC4569789 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1, a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is critically involved in the differentiation and prognosis of various tumors. In this review, we highlight the synthesis, cellular interactions, and the signalling pathways regulated by syndecan-1. The basal syndecan-1 level is also crucial for understanding the sequential changes involving malignant transformation, tumor progression, and advanced or disseminated cancer stages. Moreover, we focus on the cellular localization of this proteoglycan as cell membrane anchored and/or shed, soluble syndecan-1 with stromal or nuclear accumulation and how this may carry different, highly tissue specific prognostic information for individual tumor types.
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Advances in the molecular functions of syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) in the pathogenesis of malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 94:1-17. [PMID: 25563413 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1, synd, CD138) is the most widely studied member of four structurally related cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Although SDC1 has been implicated in a wide range of biological functions, its altered expression often produces malignant phenotypes, which arise from increased cell proliferation and cell growth, cell survival, cell invasion and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Recent studies revealed much about the underlying molecular roles of SDC1 in these processes. The changes in SDC1 expression also have a direct impact on the clinical course of cancers, as evident by its prognostic significance. Accumulating evidence suggest that SDC1 is involved in stimulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor initiating cells (TIC) and this may affect disease relapse, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the progress on the pro-tumorigenic role(s) of SDC1 and how these roles may impact the clinical aspect of the disease. Also discussed, are the current strategies for targeting SDC1 or its related signaling.
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Barbouri D, Afratis N, Gialeli C, Vynios DH, Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Syndecans as modulators and potential pharmacological targets in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2014; 4:4. [PMID: 24551591 PMCID: PMC3910246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) components form a dynamic network of key importance for cell function and properties. Key macromolecules in this interplay are syndecans (SDCs), a family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Specifically, heparan sulfate (HS) chains with their different sulfation pattern have the ability to interact with growth factors and their receptors in tumor microenvironment, promoting the activation of different signaling cascades that regulate tumor cell behavior. The affinity of HS chains with ligands is altered during malignant conditions because of the modification of chain sequence/sulfation pattern. Furthermore, matrix degradation enzymes derived from the tumor itself or the tumor microenvironment, like heparanase and matrix metalloproteinases, ADAM as well as ADAMTS are involved in the cleavage of SDCs ectodomain at the HS and protein core level, respectively. Such released soluble SDCs "shed SDCs" in the ECM interact in an autocrine or paracrine manner with the tumor or/and stromal cells. Shed SDCs, upon binding to several matrix effectors, such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, have the ability to act as competitive inhibitors for membrane proteoglycans, and modulate the inflammatory microenvironment of cancer cells. It is notable that SDCs and their soluble counterparts may affect either the behavior of cancer cells and/or their microenvironment during cancer progression. The importance of these molecules has been highlighted since HSPGs have been proposed as prognostic markers of solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. Going a step further down the line, the multi-actions of SDCs in many levels make them appealing as potential pharmacological targets, either by targeting directly the tumor or indirectly the adjacent stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Barbouri
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Afratis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Chrisostomi Gialeli
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
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Gharbaran R, Goy A, Tanaka T, Park J, Kim C, Hasan N, Vemulapalli S, Sarojini S, Tuluc M, Nalley K, Bhattacharyya P, Pecora A, Suh KS. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and syndecan-1 (SDC1) are potential biomarkers for putative circulating CD15+/CD30+ cells in poor outcome Hodgkin lymphoma patients. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:62. [PMID: 23988031 PMCID: PMC3766006 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High risk, unfavorable classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) includes those patients with primary refractory or early relapse, and progressive disease. To improve the availability of biomarkers for this group of patients, we investigated both tumor biopsies and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of untreated (chemo-naïve, CN) Nodular Sclerosis Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (NS-cHL) patients for consistent biomarkers that can predict the outcome prior to frontline treatment. Methods and materials Bioinformatics data mining was used to generate 151 candidate biomarkers, which were screened against a library of 10 HL cell lines. Expression of FGF2 and SDC1 by CD30+ cells from HL patient samples representing good and poor outcomes were analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical (IHC), and immunofluorescence analyses. Results To identify predictive HL-specific biomarkers, potential marker genes selected using bioinformatics approaches were screened against HL cell lines and HL patient samples. Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF2) and Syndecan-1 (SDC1) were overexpressed in all HL cell lines, and the overexpression was HL-specific when compared to 116 non-Hodgkin lymphoma tissues. In the analysis of stratified NS-cHL patient samples, expression of FGF2 and SDC1 were 245 fold and 91 fold higher, respectively, in the poor outcome (PO) group than in the good outcome (GO) group. The PO group exhibited higher expression of the HL marker CD30, the macrophage marker CD68, and metastatic markers TGFβ1 and MMP9 compared to the GO group. This expression signature was confirmed by qualitative immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent data. A Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that samples in which the CD30+ cells carried an FGF2+/SDC1+ immunophenotype showed shortened survival. Analysis of chemo-naive HL blood samples suggested that in the PO group a subset of CD30+ HL cells had entered the circulation. These cells significantly overexpressed FGF2 and SDC1 compared to the GO group. The PO group showed significant down-regulation of markers for monocytes, T-cells, and B-cells. These expression signatures were eliminated in heavily pretreated patients. Conclusion The results suggest that small subsets of circulating CD30+/CD15+ cells expressing FGF2 and SDC1 represent biomarkers that identify NS-cHL patients who will experience a poor outcome (primary refractory and early relapsing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D, Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA.
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The proteoglycan repertoire of lymphoid cells. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:513-23. [PMID: 22777011 PMCID: PMC3433671 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans have been studied to a limited extent in lymphoid cells. In this study we have investigated the expression of proteoglycans in B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, natural killer cells, as well as in nine different cell lines established from patients with lymphoid malignancies. Serglycin was the major proteoglycan expressed at mRNA level by the primary lymphocytes. None of the syndecans or glycpicans was detected at mRNA level in the primary lymphocytes, except for syndecan-4 in CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells. All lymphoid cell lines expressed serglycin mRNA, as well as one or several members of the syndecan and glypican families. Further, increased synthesis of proteoglycans was found in the cell lines compared to the primary lymphocytes, as well as the presence of heparan sulfate on the cell surface of five of the cells lines. Western blot analysis showed a close correlation between serglycin mRNA level and expression of serglycin core protein. Our results show that serglycin is a major proteoglycan in all the normal lymphoid cells and that these cells carry little, or none, proteoglycans on the cell surface. Serglycin was also a major proteoglycan in the malignant lymphoid cells, but these also expressed one or more types of cell surface proteoglycans. Thus, malignant transformation of lymphoid cells may be followed by increased synthesis of proteoglycans and expression of cell surface proteoglycans.
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Iozzo RV, Sanderson RD. Proteoglycans in cancer biology, tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1013-31. [PMID: 21155971 PMCID: PMC3633488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans, key molecular effectors of cell surface and pericellular microenvironments, perform multiple functions in cancer and angiogenesis by virtue of their polyhedric nature and their ability to interact with both ligands and receptors that regulate neoplastic growth and neovascularization. Some proteoglycans such as perlecan, have pro- and anti-angiogenic activities, whereas other proteoglycans, such as syndecans and glypicans, can also directly affect cancer growth by modulating key signalling pathways. The bioactivity of these proteoglycans is further modulated by several classes of enzymes within the tumour microenvironment: (i) sheddases that cleave transmembrane or cell-associated syndecans and glypicans, (ii) various proteinases that cleave the protein core of pericellular proteoglycans and (iii) heparanases and endosulfatases which modify the structure and bioactivity of various heparan sulphate proteoglycans and their bound growth factors. In contrast, some of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, such as decorin and lumican, act as tumour repressors by physically antagonizing receptor tyrosine kinases including the epidermal growth factor and the Met receptors or integrin receptors thereby evoking anti-survival and pro-apoptotic pathways. In this review we will critically assess the expanding repertoire of molecular interactions attributed to various proteoglycans and will discuss novel proteoglycan functions modulating cancer progression, invasion and metastasis and how these factors regulate the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, USA
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Tsuge S, Mizutani Y, Matsuoka K, Sawasaki T, Endo Y, Naruishi K, Maeda H, Takashiba S, Shiogama K, Inada KI, Tsutsumi Y. Specific in situ visualization of plasma cells producing antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival radicular cyst: application of the enzyme-labeled antigen method. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:673-89. [PMID: 21525188 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411408906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme-labeled antigen method was applied to visualize plasma cells producing antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis, flora of the human oral cavity. Antibodies to P. gingivalis have reportedly been detected in sera of patients with periodontitis. Biotinylated bacterial antigens, Ag53, and four gingipain domains (Arg-pro, Arg-hgp, Lys-pro, and Lys-hgp) were prepared by the cell-free protein synthesis system using the wheat germ extract. In paraformaldehyde-fixed frozen sections of rat lymph nodes experimentally immunized with Ag53-positive and Ag53-negative P. gingivalis, plasma cells were labeled with biotinylated Arg-hgp and Lys-hgp. Antibodies to Ag53 were detected only in the nodes immunized with Ag53-positive bacteria. In two of eight lesions of gingival radicular cyst with inflammatory infiltration, CD138-positive plasma cells in frozen sections were signalized for Arg-hgp and Lys-hgp. An absorption study using unlabeled antigens confirmed the specificity of staining. The AlphaScreen method identified the same-type antibodies in tissue extracts but not in sera. Antibodies to Ag53, Arg-pro, and Lys-pro were undetectable. In two cases, serum antibodies to Arg-hgp and Lys-hgp were AlphaScreen positive, whereas plasma cells were scarcely observed within the lesions. These findings indicate the validity of the enzyme-labeled antigen method. This is the very first application of this novel histochemical technique to human clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tsuge
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kyrtsonis MC, Levidou G, Korkolopoulou P, Koulieris E, Bartzi V, Maltezas D, Pangalis GA, Kalpadakis C, Dimou M, Georgiou G, Vassilakopoulos TP, Angelopoulou MK, Salpeas V, Tsaftaridis P, Patsouris E, Panayiotidis P, Tzenou TK. CD138 Expression Helps Distinguishing Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) From Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL). CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2011; 11:99-102. [DOI: 10.3816/clml.2011.n.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alonci A, Allegra A, Bellomo G, D’Angelo A, Penna G, Cannavò A, Musolino C. Soluble CD138 serum levels are not associated with other poor prognostic markers in patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Med Oncol 2009; 27:1336-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-009-9385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hallermann C, Niermann C, Fischer RJ, Schulze HJ. New prognostic relevant factors in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56:588-97. [PMID: 17289214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of literature that has enhanced our understanding of the biology of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCDLBCL) including in the context of gene profiling studies. Recent studies have demonstrated an activated proliferation profile associated with leg type lymphoma including overexpression of proto-oncogenes PIM1, PIM2, and cMYC, and the transcription factors MUM1 and OCT2. Although gene profiling is very useful in understanding the molecular basis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), it is not practical from a routine diagnostic perspective. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to further define an armamentarium of easily applied immunohistochemical stains to accurately prognosticate PCDLBCL. METHODS In all, 35 patients with PCDLBCL, 14 of follicle center and 21 of leg type, were analyzed using antibodies against CD5, CD138, BCL2, BCL6, OCT2, MUM1, FOXP1, and cMYC. Findings were correlated with clinical data. RESULTS All cases stained negative for CD5 and CD138. Both subtypes differed in distinct staining patterns for BCL6, BCL2, OCT2, MUM1, and FOXP1. Staining for BCL2, OCT2, and/or MUM1 was associated with poor, and BCL6 with a favorable prognosis. Expression of cMYC was irrespective of prognosis or subtype, whereas ulceration or primary manifestation on the leg or multiple lesions was indicative for worse prognosis. LIMITATIONS Case number was a limitation. CONCLUSION Discriminating PCDLBCL supports the validity of the World Health Organization/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification. To identify risk factors in patients with PCDLBCL we recommend thorough evaluation of clinical presentation and exploratory staining pattern for BCL2, BCL6, MUM1 and OCT2.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy, Needle
- Cohort Studies
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Genes, bcl-2/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Organic Cation Transporter 1/genetics
- Organic Cation Transporter 1/metabolism
- Probability
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Factors
- Sampling Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sex Factors
- Skin Neoplasms/mortality
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- Survival Analysis
- Syndecan-1/genetics
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
- Tissue Culture Techniques
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Wołowiec D, Dybko J, Wróbel T, Urbaniak-Kujda D, Jaźwiec B, Tomaszewska-Toporska B, Kapelko-Słowik K, Potoczek S, Kuliczkowski K. Circulating sCD138 and some angiogenesis-involved cytokines help to anticipate the disease progression of early-stage B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2006:42394. [PMID: 16951490 PMCID: PMC1592593 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/42394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a transmembrane heparin sulfate proteoglycan
expressed on distinct stages of differentiation of B-lymphoid
cells. Its prognostic value in B-cell chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (B-CLL) has not been evaluated so far. The serum
concentration of sCD138 and some angiogenesis-involved cytokines:
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basis fibroblast growth
factor (bFGF), and endostatin were studied in 52 previously
untreated patients with B-CLL. We found that bFGF and sCD138
levels were significantly higher in B-CLL patients than in
controls. In patients with sCD138 level or endostatin level below
the median value the lymphocyte count was higher than in patients
with serum level of those cytokines above the median value. In
patients with progressive disease bFGF level was significantly
higher and sCD138 level significantly lower than in patients with
stable one. Moreover, high sCD138 level was associated with longer
lymphocyte doubling-free survival, and, on the limit of
statistical significance, a high endostatin level was associated
with shorter progression-free survival. We conclude that serum
sCD138 level is increased in early stage B-CLL patients and may
have a positive prognostic value as to the dynamics of the
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Wołowiec
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
- *Dariusz Wołowiec:
| | - Jarosław Dybko
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Donata Urbaniak-Kujda
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Jaźwiec
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Stanisław Potoczek
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Kambham N, Kong C, Longacre TA, Natkunam Y. Utility of syndecan-1 (CD138) expression in the diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms: a tissue microarray study of 1,754 cases. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2006; 13:304-10. [PMID: 16280658 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000159773.50905.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1, a heparan sulfate-rich membrane glycoprotein, is expressed in plasma cells and is considered a reliable marker of plasmacytic differentiation. However, it has not been widely tested in non-hematolymphoid tissues, and thus its utility in the setting of an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm has not been evaluated. The authors conducted an extensive study of CD138 staining in over 1,700 normal, benign, and malignant non-hematolymphoid tissues, using five tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with two commercially available CD138 monoclonal antibodies directed against syndecan-1 (Serotec, Oxford, UK, and DAKO, Carpenteria, CA). In addition to the specific membrane staining, many normal tissues and epithelial tumors showed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. A small subset of mesenchymal neoplasms also showed membrane and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma, the intensity of CD138 staining inversely correlated with the histologic grade of the carcinoma. However, statistically significant staining differences and their correlation with histologic grades differed depending on whether the Serotec or the DAKO antibody was used. These results indicate that CD138 immunoreactivity is widespread in normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues, as well as a variety of undifferentiated epithelial and mesenchymal processes. The authors conclude that the expression of syndecan-1, although relatively specific to plasma cells within the hematolymphoid system, should be interpreted with extreme caution in the setting of an undifferentiated neoplasm. Furthermore, the two commercially available monoclonal CD138 antibodies tested in this study showed significant differences in their immunoreactivity in different tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Kambham
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA.
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18
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Romanov VV, James CH, Sherrington PD, Pettitt AR. Basic fibroblast growth factor suppresses p53 activation in the neoplastic cells of a proportion of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Oncogene 2005; 24:6855-60. [PMID: 16103882 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
p53 is the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancers, reflecting its pivotal role in maintaining genomic integrity. The present study was conducted to explore the possibility that tumour cells with no intrinsic defects of the p53 pathway might nevertheless acquire p53 dysfunction through extrinsic suppression of the pathway by microenvironmental factors. Neoplastic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were cultured in the presence or absence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) to induce p53 accumulation. bFGF is greatly increased in the plasma of CLL patients and can suppress p53 activation in some experimental models. IR induced a marked increase in p53 levels in 28 samples from 24 patients. bFGF inhibited IR-induced p53 accumulation to some extent in most of these samples and by more than 50% in seven samples from seven patients. Suppression of p53 activation by bFGF was frequently but not always accompanied by upregulation of the p53-inhibitory protein MDM2 and/or phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine 166, and was associated with impaired transcriptional activation of the p53 target gene p21. These observations provide the first demonstration in human cancer cells that the p53 pathway can be suppressed by factors in the tumour-cell microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Romanov
- Department of Haematology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Level 2 Ducan Building, Prescot Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L7 8XP, UK
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19
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Lampert IA, Van Noorden S, Wotherspoon AC. Centrocytoid Plasma Cells of the Germinal Center. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005; 13:124-31. [PMID: 15894923 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000135614.30196.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Germinal centers within the lymph node follicles are T-cell-dependent, antigen-driven B-cell proliferations that develop from the rapid clonal expansion of a few founder cells. The end results of this B-cell expansion are memory B cells or plasma cells. Two morphologic forms of plasma cell can be recognized in the germinal center: classic plasma cells, characterized morphologically by peripherally clumped arrangement of nuclear chromatin, and cells with a nuclear morphology more resembling that of the centrocytes, which the authors have termed "centrocytoid plasma cells." In this study the authors examined the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of these two populations of germinal center plasma cells. The centrocytoid plasma cells were arranged in a band stretching from the junction of the dark and light zone to the periphery of the germinal centers, while the classic plasma cells were mainly present at the germinal center periphery. Both marked with CD38, CD138, and VS38c, recognized markers for plasma cells; however, EMA and CD31 were present only in the classic form of plasma cell. The proliferation marker Ki67 was present in less than 1% of the cells labeling with CD138. Others have demonstrated Ki67 in 50% of the cells labeled with Blimp-1, which is consistent with Blimp-1 appearing earlier than CD138 in ontogeny. CD10 is co-expressed with CD138 in about 10% of cells and CD45 with CD138 in about 5% of cells. Their topographic features, together with the progressive acquisition of plasma cell markers, suggest that the centrocytoid plasma cells may be the precursors of the classic plasma cells. Of note, both the forms of plasma cell were absent in follicles of follicular lymphoma, which supports the concept that in this disease, lymphocytes fail to differentiate and mature beyond the centrocyte stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Lampert
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Investigative Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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20
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Novoa-Takara L, Perkins SL, Qi D, Shidham VB, Vesole DH, Hariharan S, Luo Y, Ewton A, Chang CC. Histogenetic phenotypes of B cells in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders by immunohistochemical analysis correlate with transplant type: solid organ vs hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol 2005; 123:104-12. [PMID: 15762285 DOI: 10.1309/dw2tw2087bxl2brk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We immunohistochemically defined the histogenesis of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs; B-cell phenotype) occurring after allogeneic T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT; n = 15) or solid organ transplantation (SOT; n = 11) to determine whether transplantation type or morphologic subtype of PTLD affected the histogenetic subtype. Immunohistochemical stains using histogenetic markers for germinal center (GC) B cells, late GC and post-GC B cells, and post-GC B cells were performed on paraffin-embedded samples. Morphologically, 14 cases were polymorphic; 12 were monomorphic. Histogenetic marker expression was as follows: 1 monomorphic case (4%), GC phenotype expressing bcl-6 and CD10; 17 cases (65%; polymorphic, 9; monomorphic, 8), late GC-early post-GC phenotype expressing MUM1/IRF4; 8 cases (31%; polymorphic, 5; monomorphic, 3), post-GC phenotype expressing MUM1/IRF4 and CD138 but not bcl-6. PTLD cases after HSCT more frequently were post-GC phenotype than after SOT (7/15 vs 1/11, respectively; P = .040) and were independent of morphologic subclassification. Results suggest that most PTLDs are late GC-early post-GC phenotype with a minor group of post-GC phenotype and rare cases of GC phenotype. Findings also suggest a correlation between histogenetic phenotype of B-cell PTLD and type of transplantation.
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21
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Abed N, Casper JT, Camitta BM, Margolis D, Trost B, Orentas R, Chang CC. Evaluation of histogenesis of B-lymphocytes in pediatric EBV-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:321-7. [PMID: 14688820 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are morphologically/clinically heterogeneous. The main goal of this study was to define the histogenesis of PTLD (B-cell phenotype, EBV-related) in seven pediatric patients after allogeneic T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation. Immunohistochemical stains using histogenetic markers, including Bcl-6 (expressed by germinal center (GC) B cells), MUM1/IFR4 (late GC and post GC B cells), and CD138 (post GC B cells), were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue. By morphology, four cases were classified as polymorphic PTLD and three as monomorphic PTLD, according to the WHO classification. By the expression pattern of histogenetic markers, five cases (two polymorphic, three monomorphic PTLD) were of late GC/early post GC B-cell origin expressing only MUM1/IRF4. The remaining two cases (one monomorphic, one polymorphic PTLD) were of post GC B-cell origin expressing MUM1/IRF4 and CD138, but not Bcl-6. Our study indicates that histogenesis of PTLD may be defined by histogenetic markers using immunohistochemistry. The results suggest that most pediatric PTLD are of late GC/early post GC B-cell origin, and a minor group is of post GC B-cell origin. The histogenesis of PTLD appears independent of morphologic appearance. Further studies are warranted to confirm our observation and to evaluate the clinical significance of histogenetic pattern of PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abed
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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22
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Chang CC, McClintock S, Cleveland RP, Trzpuc T, Vesole DH, Logan B, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Perkins SL. Immunohistochemical Expression Patterns of Germinal Center and Activation B-cell Markers Correlate With Prognosis in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2004; 28:464-70. [PMID: 15087665 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200404000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies with cDNA microarrays showed that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases with gene expression profiles similar to germinal center (GC) B cells had much better prognosis than DLBCL cases with gene expression profiles resembling activated B cells. The goal of the current study is to evaluate if using a panel of GC B-cell (CD10 and Bcl-6) and activation (MUM1/IRF4 and CD138) markers by immunohistochemistry defines prognosis in patients with de novo DLBCL. Immunohistochemical stains for the above markers were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues from 42 de novo DLBCL patients. Median follow-up in all patients was 41 months (range, 1-103 months) and in surviving patients was 65 months (range, 14-103 months). These cases could be classified into three expression patterns: GC B-cell pattern (pattern A) expressing CD10 and/or Bcl-6 but not activation markers; activated GC B-cell pattern (pattern B) expressing at least one of GC B-cell markers and one of activation markers; and activated non-GC B-cell pattern (pattern C) expressing MUM1/IRF4 and/or CD138 but not GC B-cell markers. Patients with pattern A had much better overall survival than those with the other two patterns (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, P < 0.008, log rank test). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the international prognostic index scores and the expression pattern of these markers were independent prognostic indicators. Our results suggest that expression patterns of this panel of GC B-cell and activation markers by immunohistochemistry correlate with the prognosis of patients with DLBCL. Immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded tissues is more readily available than gene expression profiling by cDNA microarray and may provide similar prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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23
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Rossi D, Gaidano G. Molecular heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: implications for disease management and prognosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 7:239-52. [PMID: 14972786 DOI: 10.1080/1024533021000024058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for approximately 40% of all B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the Western world. According to the "WHO classification of tumours of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues", the term DLBCL is likely to include more than one disease entity, as suggested by the marked variability of the clinical presentation and response to treatment of this disease. Such heterogeneity may reflect the occurrence of distinct molecular subtypes of DLBCL as well as differences in the host's immune function. In immunocompetent hosts, approximately 50% DLBCL carry one of two primary molecular lesions defining two distinct genotypic subgroups, characterized by activation of either the BCL-6 or the BCL-2 proto-oncogene. Conversely, the remaining DLBCL of immunocompetent hosts display one of several molecular lesions, each associated with a small subset of cases and including activation of the proto-oncogenes REL, MUC-1, BCL-8 and c-MYC. The molecular pathogenesis of immunodeficiency-associated DLBCL differs substantially from that of DLBCL in immunocompetent hosts. In fact, EBV infection is present in a large fraction of immunodeficiency-associated DLBCL, whereas it is consistently negative in DLBCL of immunocompetent hosts, probably reflecting the critical role of disruption of the immune system in this disease. Finally, the application of DNA microarray technology to DLBCL has led to the distinction of two disease variants: a germinal center like DLBCL and an activated peripheral B-cell like DLBCL. Overall the molecular features of DLBCL may identify prognostic categories of the disease and may represent a powerful tool for therapeutic stratification.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Genes, bcl-2
- Genes, myc
- Genes, rel
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Immunocompetence
- Immunocompromised Host
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Mucin-1/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Postoperative Complications
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rossi
- Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences and IRCAD, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy
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24
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Turner SD, Tooze R, Maclennan K, Alexander DR. Vav-promoter regulated oncogenic fusion protein NPM-ALK in transgenic mice causes B-cell lymphomas with hyperactive Jun kinase. Oncogene 2003; 22:7750-61. [PMID: 14586401 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is associated with a chromosomal translocation generating an oncogenic fusion protein: the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK). We have generated several independent lines of human NPM-ALK transgenic mice using the haematopoietic cell-specific Vav promoter. Lymphomas develop in two transgenic lines in which the Vav promoter regulates NPM-ALK expression. The transgenic line with higher copy number displays an early-onset phenotype in which all mice succumb to aggressive lymph node tumours with intestinal involvement, whereas the second line displays late-onset tumour development in the spleen and/or liver. Lymphomas from both lines are phenotypically distinct and display B-lineage characteristics with aberrant coexpression of myeloid markers. The NPM-ALK kinase is active in primary tumour tissue and forms a multimeric complex with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, that is, Shc. Jun and ERK kinase activities in tumours are elevated by up to 30-fold and fivefold, respectively, in comparison with sIgM-stimulated primary B cells. The new transgenic models provide a system for investigating the oncogenic events mediated by NPM-ALK in situ and a physiologically relevant context for developing tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies of potential use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Molecular Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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25
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Harada K, Ozaki S, Sudo Y, Tsuneyama K, Ohta H, Nakanuma Y. Osteopontin is involved in the formation of epithelioid granuloma and bile duct injury in primary biliary cirrhosis. Pathol Int 2003; 53:8-17. [PMID: 12558864 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2003.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that osteopontin (OPN) is involved as a chemoattractant cytokine in the recruitment of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the granulomas of diverse etiologies and also plays an important role in the production of autoantibodies and development of autoimmune diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by immune-mediated bile duct damage with frequent epithelioid granulomas. In this study, the expression of OPN was immunohistochemically examined in 25 PBC and 52 control livers. Epithelioid cells within granuloma in PBC expressed OPN variably. These cells were also positive for CD68, suggesting their histiocyte/macrophage lineage. In addition, strong expression of OPN was seen in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells infiltrating around granulomas and also damaged bile ducts in PBC. The number of such positive mononuclear cells and the ratio of OPN-positive cells/total infiltrating cells in portal tracts were higher in PBC than in controls. The majority of these OPN-positive cells were found to be IgG- or IgM-producing plasma cells. These suggest that in PBC, OPN is an important immune molecule in portal tracts, and contributes to the recruitment of mononuclear cells into epithelioid granuloma and also participates in bile duct injury via B-cell differentiation and plasma cell expansion.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Count
- Epithelioid Cells/pathology
- Female
- Granuloma/etiology
- Granuloma/metabolism
- Granuloma/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- In Situ Hybridization
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Osteopontin
- Plasma Cells/metabolism
- Plasma Cells/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sialoglycoproteins/analysis
- Sialoglycoproteins/genetics
- Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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26
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Park H, Kim Y, Lim Y, Han I, Oh ES. Syndecan-2 mediates adhesion and proliferation of colon carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:29730-6. [PMID: 12055189 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202435200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-2 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan whose function at the cell surface is unclear. In this study, we examined the function of syndecan-2 in colon cancer cell lines. In several colon cancer cell lines, syndecan-2 was highly expressed compared with normal cell lines. In contrast, syndecan-1 and -4 were decreased. Cell biological studies using the extracellular domain of recombinant syndecan-2 (2E) or spreading assay with syndecan-2 antibody-coated plates showed that syndecan-2 mediated adhesion and cytoskeletal organization of colon cancer cells. This interaction was critical for the proliferation of colon carcinoma cells. Blocking with 2E or antisense syndecan-2 cDNA induced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest with concomitantly increased expression of p21, p27, and p53. Furthermore, blocking of syndecan-2 through antisense syndecan-2 cDNA significantly reduced tumorigenic activity in colon carcinoma cells. Therefore, increased syndecan-2 expression appears to be a critical for colon carcinoma cell behavior, and syndecan-2 regulates tumorigenic activity through regulation of adhesion and proliferation in colon carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Medical School, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750 Korea
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27
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Tímár J, Lapis K, Dudás J, Sebestyén A, Kopper L, Kovalszky I. Proteoglycans and tumor progression: Janus-faced molecules with contradictory functions in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2002; 12:173-86. [PMID: 12083848 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-579x(02)00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the details of the molecular mechanism of tumor dissemination revealed that several proteoglycan species are involved in the process but their role can be described as Janus-faced. One level of proteoglycan alterations is at the expression of their genes coding for the core protein. Characteristically, in progressing tumors two patterns emerged: loss or neoexpression of surface proteoglycans (PG) depending on the initial expression pattern of the cell type of origin. The situation is similarly complex concerning the changes of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of the PG during tumor progression. This is due to the fact that the majority of PGs involved is hybrid molecule meaning that their core protein can be glycanated both with chondroitin and heparan sulfate. However, such an alteration in glycanation of PG may fundamentally change the function of the molecule, especially the one operating at the cell surface. Among the extracellular PGs, decorin emerged as inhibitor of progression while perlecan as a promoter of the process. Analysis of the available data indicate that during metastatization tumor cells must express at least one cell surface HSPG species from the syndecan-glypican-CD44v3 group. Furthermore, the HS-chain of these proteoglycan(s) carry important molecular signatures (suphution or epimerization patterns). Experimental data suggest that tumor cell surface heparan sulfate (PG) may provide a target for specific anti-metastatic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Tímár
- Department of Tumor Progression, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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28
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Natkunam Y, Warnke RA, Montgomery K, Falini B, van De Rijn M. Analysis of MUM1/IRF4 protein expression using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol 2001; 14:686-94. [PMID: 11455001 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding MUM1 was characterized as a possible translocation partner in chromosomal abnormalities involving a significant number of multiple myelomas. The overexpression of the MUM1 protein as a result of translocation t(6;14) (p25;q32) identified MUM1 as a putative regulatory molecule involved in B-cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. The expression of MUM1 protein in multiple myelomas supports this hypothesis. In the current study, using tissue microarray technology, we have tested the expression of the MUM1 protein in 1335 human malignancies and normal tissues. Our data show that the MUM1 protein is expressed in a wide spectrum of hematolymphoid neoplasms and in malignant melanomas but is absent in other human tumors. In addition, in tissue microarrays as well as in conventional paraffin sections, MUM1 staining was found to lack specificity in detecting plasmacytic differentiation as compared with two markers, CD138/Syndecan and VS38, commonly used in paraffin immunohistochemistry for detection of plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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29
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Lin Y, Rodrigues GD, Turner JF, Vasef MA. Plasmablastic lymphoma of the lung: report of a unique case and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125:282-5. [PMID: 11175653 DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-0282-plotl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are heterogeneous. Recently, a novel subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring mostly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described and designated as plasmablastic lymphoma. The histomorphologic and immunophenotypic findings of this distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been characterized previously. Most patients present with oral cavity involvement. We report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma presenting as a lung tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this unusual subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in this location.
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MESH Headings
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/virology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Middle Aged
- Plasma Cells/pathology
- Proteoglycans/analysis
- Syndecans
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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