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Rothenberg-Lausell C, Bar J, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. Diversity of atopic dermatitis and selection of immune targets. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:177-186. [PMID: 38008215 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous immune-mediated skin disorder affecting people of all ages and ethnicities. Despite the development of targeted therapeutics such as biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors, attaining complete clinical efficacy remains difficult. This therapeutic challenge may be attributed to the complex pathogenesis of AD. Although the TH2 axis has been extensively studied, recent advancements have started to reveal the involvement of additional immune pathways including TH1, TH17, and TH22. Understanding the interplay of these immune axes may contribute to a more personalized therapeutic approach based on patients' molecular profile, with the prospect of improving clinical outcome. This review will discuss studies exploring the molecular profile of AD in both skin and blood across age, ethnicity/race, disease chronicity, IgE levels, filaggrin mutation status, and AD association with other atopic conditions. Moreover, it will explore the potential of personalized treatment strategies based on a patient's distinct immune signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Rothenberg-Lausell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jonathan Bar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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2
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Patel D, Munhoz J, Goruk S, Tsai S, Richard C, Field CJ. Maternal diet supplementation with high-docosahexaenoic-acid canola oil, along with arachidonic acid, promotes immune system development in allergy-prone BALB/c mouse offspring at 3 weeks of age. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2399-2413. [PMID: 37106253 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, derived from novel canola oil), with same amount of arachidonic acid (ARA), supplemented diet to lactating dams on the immune system development of suckled offspring using a T helper type-2 (Th2)-dominant BALB/c mouse. METHODS Dams received nutritionally complete control (no ARA or DHA) or DHA + ARA diet (1% DHA and 1% ARA of total fatty acids) from 5 days pre-parturition to the end of 3-week suckling period. After euthanization, relevant tissues were collected to study fatty acids, splenocyte phenotype and function (ex vivo cytokines with/without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, bacterial challenge) or phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin (PMAi) stimulation). RESULTS Feeding dams a DHA diet significantly increased the mammary gland milk phospholipid concentration of DHA and ARA. This resulted in 60% higher DHA levels in splenocyte phospholipids of the pups although ARA levels showed no difference. In dams fed DHA diet, significantly higher proportion of CD27+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and CXCR3+ CCR6- Th (enriched in Th1) were observed than control, but there were no differences in the splenocyte function upon PMAi (non-specific lymphocyte stimulant) stimulation. Pups from DHA-fed dams showed significantly higher IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α (inflammatory cytokines) by LPS-stimulated splenocytes. This may be due to higher proportion of CD86+ macrophages and B cells (all p's < 0.05) in these pups, which may influence T cell polarization. CONCLUSION Plant-based source of DHA in maternal diet resulted in higher ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines by splenocytes due to change in their phenotype, and this can skew T cell towards Th1 response in a Th2-dominant BALB/c mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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El‐Heis S, Crozier SR, Harvey NC, Healy E, Godfrey KM. Early life exposure to antibiotics and laxatives in relation to infantile atopic eczema. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13964. [PMID: 37232281 PMCID: PMC10947323 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El‐Heis
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Sarah R. Crozier
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration WessexSouthampton Science Park, Innovation CentreSouthamptonUK
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Eugene Healy
- Dermatopharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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Facheris P, Jeffery J, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. The translational revolution in atopic dermatitis: the paradigm shift from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:448-474. [PMID: 36928371 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease, and it is considered a complex and heterogeneous condition. Different phenotypes of AD, defined according to the patient age at onset, race, and ethnic background; disease duration; and other disease characteristics, have been recently described, underlying the need for a personalized treatment approach. Recent advancements in understanding AD pathogenesis resulted in a real translational revolution and led to the exponential expansion of the therapeutic pipeline. The study of biomarkers in clinical studies of emerging treatments is helping clarify the role of each cytokine and immune pathway in AD and will allow addressing the unique immune fingerprints of each AD subset. Personalized medicine will be the ultimate goal of this targeted translational research. In this review, we discuss the changes in the concepts of both the pathogenesis of and treatment approach to AD, highlight the scientific rationale behind each targeted treatment and report the most recent clinical efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Facheris
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jane Jeffery
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Yang J, Kuang H, Xiong X, Li N, Song J. Alteration of the allergenicity of cow's milk proteins using different food processing modifications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4622-4642. [PMID: 36377678 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2144792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an essential source of protein for infants and young children. At the same time, cow's milk is also one of the most common allergenic foods causing food allergies in children. Recently, cow's milk allergy (CMA) has become a common public health issue worldwide. Modern food processing technologies have been developed to reduce the allergenicity of milk proteins and improve the quality of life of patients with CMA. In this review, we summarize the main allergens in cow's milk, and introduce the recent findings on CMA responses. Moreover, the reduced effects and underlying mechanisms of different food processing techniques (such as heating, high pressure, γ-ray irradiation, ultrasound irradiation, hydrolysis, glycosylation, etc.) on the allergenicity of cow's milk proteins, and the application of processed cow's milk in clinical studies, are discussed. In addition, we describe the changes of nutritional value in cow's milk treated by different food processing technologies. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the allergenicity reduction of cow's milk proteins by various food processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
- College of Modern Industry for Nutrition & Health, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Kuang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Patel D, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. Combined Supplementation with Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in T Helper Type-2 Skewed Brown Norway Rat Offspring is Beneficial in the Induction of Oral Tolerance toward Ovalbumin and Immune System Development. J Nutr 2022; 152:2165-2178. [PMID: 35648474 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A T helper type-2 (Th2) skewed immune response is associated with food allergies. DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA) have been shown to promote oral tolerance (OT) in healthy rodents. OBJECTIVES We studied the effect of combined ARA + DHA supplementation during the suckling and weaning periods on OT and immune system development in Th2-skewed Brown Norway rat offspring. METHODS Dams were fed ARA + DHA (0.45% ARA, 0.8% DHA wt/wt of total fat; n = 10) as a suckling period diet (SPD) or control SPD (0% ARA, 0% DHA, n = 8). At 3 wk, offspring from each SPD group received ARA + DHA (0.5% ARA, 0.5% DHA wt/wt of total fat) weaning diet (WD), or control until 8 wk. For OT, offspring were orally exposed to either ovalbumin (OVA) or placebo between 21 and 25 d, followed by systemic immunization with OVA + adjuvant at 7 wk. Primary outcomes, ex vivo cytokine production by splenocytes and plasma OVA-specific Igs, were analyzed using a 3-way ANOVA. RESULTS At 8 wk, despite no lasting effect of SPD on splenocytes fatty acids, ARA + DHA WD resulted in 2× higher DHA in splenocyte phospholipid compositions without affecting ARA. OT development was observed in OVA-exposed groups with 15% lower plasma OVA-IgE (P = 0.04) and 35% lower OVA-IgG1 (P = 0.01) than placebo. ARA + DHA SPD resulted in 35% lower OVA-IgG1 and iIL-6 (P = 0.04) when stimulated with LPS, and a higher proportion of mature B cells (OX12+, P = 0.0004, and IgG+, P = 0.008). ARA + DHA WD resulted in 20% higher Th1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) production to lymphocyte stimulant and higher splenocyte proportion of CD45RA+ (pan-B cells) and OX6+ (dendritic cells) than control WD (P values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Combined supplementation of ARA and DHA is beneficial for OT development, especially in the suckling period. Further, ARA + DHA supplementation can also counteract the Th2-skewed immunity of Brown Norway rat offspring through higher Th1 cytokine production by lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Hu Y, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Liao C, Jiang G. A short review of human exposure to antibiotics based on urinary biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154775. [PMID: 35339554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play a role in preventing and treating infectious diseases and also contribute to other health risks for humans. With the overuse of antibiotics, they are widely distributed in the environment. Long-term exposure to multiple antibiotics may occur in humans through medication and dietary intake. Therefore, it is critical to estimate daily intake and health risk of antibiotics based on urinary biomonitoring. This review compares the strengths and weaknesses of current analytical methods to determine antibiotics in urine samples, discusses the urinary concentration profiles and hazard quotients of individual antibiotics, and overviews correlations of antibiotic exposure with the risk of diseases. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is most applied to simultaneously determine multiple types of antibiotics at trace levels. Solid-phase extraction with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance adsorbent is commonly used to extract antibiotics in urine samples. Fifteen major antibiotics with relatively higher detection frequencies and concentrations include sulfaclozine, trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, penicillin V, amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and florfenicol. Humans can be easily at microbiological effect-based risk induced by florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin. Positive associations were observed between specific antibiotic exposure and obesity, allergic diseases, and mental disorders. Overall, the accessible, automated, and environmentally friendly methods are prospected for simultaneous determinations of antibiotics at trace level in urine. To estimate human exposure to antibiotics more accurately, knowledge gaps need to be filled up, including the transformation between parent and metabolic antibiotics, urinary excretion proportions of antibiotics at low-dose exposure and pharmacokinetic data of antibiotics in humans, and the repeated sampling over a long period in future research is needed. Longitudinal studies about antibiotic exposure and the risk of diseases in different developmental windows as well as in-depth research on the pathogenic mechanism of long-term, low-dose, and joint antibiotic exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Patel D, Newell M, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Supplementation in the Suckling and the Post-weaning Diet Influences the Immune System Development of T Helper Type-2 Bias Brown Norway Rat Offspring. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769293. [PMID: 34790691 PMCID: PMC8592062 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play an important role in the development of the infant immune system. The role of LCPUFA in the T helper type 2 (Th2) biased immune system is unknown. We aimed to understand the effect of feeding LCPUFA during suckling and post-weaning on immune system development in Th2 bias Brown Norway rat offspring. Methods: Brown Norway dams were randomly assigned to nutritionally adequate maternal diet throughout the suckling period (0–3 weeks), namely, control diet (0% ARA, 0% DHA; n= 8) or ARA + DHA (0.45% ARA, 0.8% DHA; n = 10). At 3 weeks, offspring from each maternal diet group were randomized to either a control (0% ARA, 0% DHA; n = 19) or ARA+DHA post-weaning (0.5% ARA, 0.5% DHA; n = 18) diet. At 8 weeks, offspring were killed, and tissues were collected for immune cell function and fatty acid composition analyses. Results: ARA + DHA maternal diet resulted in higher (p < 0.05) DHA composition in breast milk (4×) without changing ARA levels. This resulted in more mature adaptive immune cells in spleen [T regulatory (Treg) cells and B cells], mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN, lower CD45RA+), and Peyer's patches (PP; higher IgG+, B cells) in the ARA+DHA group offspring at 8 weeks. ARA+DHA post-weaning diet (3–8 weeks) resulted in 2 × higher DHA in splenocyte phospholipids compared to control. This also resulted in higher Th1 cytokines, ~50% higher TNF-α and IFNγ, by PMAi stimulated splenocytes ex vivo, with no differences in Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10) compared to controls. Conclusion: Feeding dams a diet higher in DHA during the suckling period resulted in adaptive immune cell maturation in offspring at 8 weeks. Providing ARA and DHA during the post-weaning period in a Th2 biased Brown Norway offspring model may support Th1 biased immune response development, which could be associated with a lower risk of developing atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Rindler K, Krausgruber T, Thaler FM, Alkon N, Bangert C, Kurz H, Fortelny N, Rojahn TB, Jonak C, Griss J, Bock C, Brunner PM. Spontaneously Resolved Atopic Dermatitis Shows Melanocyte and Immune Cell Activation Distinct From Healthy Control Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630892. [PMID: 33717163 PMCID: PMC7943477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) typically starts in infancy or early childhood, showing spontaneous remission in a subset of patients, while others develop lifelong disease. Despite an increased understanding of AD, factors guiding its natural course are only insufficiently elucidated. We thus performed suction blistering in skin of adult patients with stable, spontaneous remission from previous moderate-to-severe AD during childhood. Samples were compared to healthy controls without personal or familial history of atopy, and to chronic, active AD lesions. Skin cells and tissue fluid obtained were used for single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomic multiplex assays, respectively. We found overall cell composition and proteomic profiles of spontaneously healed AD to be comparable to healthy control skin, without upregulation of typical AD activity markers (e.g., IL13, S100As, and KRT16). Among all cell types in spontaneously healed AD, melanocytes harbored the largest numbers of differentially expressed genes in comparison to healthy controls, with upregulation of potentially anti-inflammatory markers such as PLA2G7. Conventional T-cells also showed increases in regulatory markers, and a general skewing toward a more Th1-like phenotype. By contrast, gene expression of regulatory T-cells and keratinocytes was essentially indistinguishable from healthy skin. Melanocytes and conventional T-cells might thus contribute a specific regulatory milieu in spontaneously healed AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix M. Thaler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas B. Rojahn
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M. Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lu C, Norbäck D, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhao Z, Huang C, Zhang X, Qian H, Sun Y, Sundell J, Wang J, Liu W, Deng Q. Onset and remission of eczema at pre-school age in relation to prenatal and postnatal air pollution and home environment across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142467. [PMID: 33035972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated associations between prenatal and postnatal environmental factors and onset and remission of preschool childhood eczema across China. The study population was preschoolers in randomized day care centers in seven cities (N = 39,782). Data on eczema and prenatal and postnatal indoor and outdoor environment were obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire sent to parents or other guardians. Reports on eczema in the first 2 years and in the past year was used to retrospectively calculate onset and remission (changes of reported eczema). Prenatal and postnatal outdoor temperature, NO2 and PM10 were modelled from official air pollution data. Associations were estimated by two-level logistic regression. Calculated onset rate was 3.2%/y and remission rate 29.2%/y. Exposure to NO2 during pregnancy was associated with onset of eczema, similarly for all trimesters. Postnatal PM10 and NO2 were related to decreased remission. Postnatal outdoor temperature was associated with onset of eczema. Pre-natal and current redecoration or buying new furniture, and perinatal as well as current dampness and indoor mould, were associated with increased onset and decreased remission. Cockroaches in current home was another indoor risk factors. Prenatal exposure to farm environment and large family size were all negatively associated with eczema. In conclusion, a warmer climate and prenatal NO2 can be associated with increased onset of eczema in Chinese preschoolers. Postnatal PM10 and NO2 can be associated with reduced remission. Perinatal and current dampness, indoor mould and cockroaches may increase onset and decrease remission. Exposure to chemical emissions from indoor materials after first year of life may increase onset. Prenatal exposure to farm environment and large family size could be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Norbäck
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Yinping Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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11
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Björkander S, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Hallberg J, Persson JO, Johansson MA, Nussbaum B, Jenmalm MC, Nilsson C, Sverremark-Ekström E. Childhood allergy is preceded by an absence of gut lactobacilli species and higher levels of atopy-related plasma chemokines. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:288-299. [PMID: 32652542 PMCID: PMC7670166 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition and reduced diversity of the infant microbiome are associated with allergic disease in children. Further, an altered microbiota is linked to immune dysregulation, including skewing of different T helper (Th) subsets, which is also seen in atopic individuals. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the associations between gut lactobacilli and Th‐related plasma factors in allergy development during childhood. A total of 194 children with known allergy status at 1 year of age were followed to 10 years of age. We used real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the presence of three lactobacilli species (Lactobacillus casei, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus) in infant fecal samples (collected between 1 week and 2 months of age) from a subgroup of children. Plasma chemokines and cytokines were quantified at 6 months and at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years of age with Luminex or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fractional exhaled nitrogen oxide (FeNO) was measured and spirometry performed at 10 years of age. The data were analysed by non‐parametric testing and a logistic regression model adjusted for parental allergy. An absence of these lactobacilli and higher levels of the chemokines BCA‐1/CXCL13, CCL17/TARC, MIP‐3α/CCL20 and MDC/CCL22 in plasma at 6 months of age preceded allergy development. The presence of lactobacilli associated with lower levels of atopy‐related chemokines during infancy, together with higher levels of interferon (IFN)‐γ and lower FeNO during later childhood. The results indicate that the presence of certain lactobacilli species in the infant gut may influence allergy‐related parameters in the peripheral immune system, and thereby contribute to allergy protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Carvalho-Queiroz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Hallberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-O Persson
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Johansson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Nussbaum
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M C Jenmalm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - C Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Nomura T, Wu J, Kabashima K, Guttman-Yassky E. Endophenotypic Variations of Atopic Dermatitis by Age, Race, and Ethnicity. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:1840-1852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Czarnowicki T, He H, Canter T, Han J, Lefferdink R, Erickson T, Rangel S, Kameyama N, Kim HJ, Pavel AB, Estrada Y, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Evolution of pathologic T-cell subsets in patients with atopic dermatitis from infancy to adulthood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:215-228. [PMID: 31626841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating immune phenotype was defined in adults and young children with early atopic dermatitis (AD), but chronologic changes in the blood of infants and children with AD through adolescence have not been explored. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare immune activation and cytokine polarization in the blood of 0- to 5-year-old (n = 39), 6- to 11-year-old (n = 26), 12- to 17-year-old (n = 21) and 18-year-old or older (n = 43) patients with AD versus age-matched control subjects. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure IFN-γ, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-22 cytokine levels in CD4+/CD8+ T cells, with inducible costimulator molecule and HLA-DR defining midterm and long-term T-cell activation, respectively, within skin-homing/cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+ versus systemic/CLA- T cells. Unsupervised clustering differentiated patients based on their blood biomarker frequencies. RESULTS Although CLA+ TH1 frequencies were significantly lower in infants with AD versus all older patients (P < .01), frequencies of CLA+ TH2 T cells were similarly expanded across all AD age groups compared with control subjects (P < .05). After infancy, CLA- TH2 frequencies were increased in patients with AD in all age groups, suggesting systemic immune activation with disease chronicity. IL-22 frequencies serially increased from normal levels in infants to highly significant levels in adolescents and adults compared with levels in respective control subjects (P < .01). Unsupervised clustering aligned the AD profiles along an age-related spectrum from infancy to adulthood (eg, inducible costimulator molecule and IL-22). CONCLUSIONS The adult AD phenotype is achieved only in adulthood. Unique cytokine signatures characterizing individual pediatric endotypes might require age-specific therapies. Future longitudinal studies, comparing the profile of patients with cleared versus persistent pediatric AD, might define age-specific changes that predict AD clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Helen He
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Talia Canter
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joseph Han
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rachel Lefferdink
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Taylor Erickson
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie Rangel
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Naoya Kameyama
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ana B Pavel
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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14
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The blood proteomic signature of early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis shows systemic inflammation and is distinct from adult long-standing disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:510-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Brunner PM. Early immunologic changes during the onset of atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:152-157. [PMID: 30953783 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is commonly called eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. The pipeline of new targeted treatments is currently expanding, a development that is largely based on our increasing understanding of disease mechanisms. Mechanistic insights have long been based on long-standing adult AD. Recently, studies also investigated early pediatric AD at disease onset, and revealed several differences in barrier and immune properties when compared with long-standing adult AD. This review focuses on immunological changes very early in life that predispose to the development of AD, and summarizes characteristics of the molecular AD phenotype in this age group. DATA SOURCES Review of published literature. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies investigating human AD at disease onset in newborns, toddlers, and young children, in comparison with adults with long-standing disease. RESULTS Already in cord blood, increased Th2 and decreased Th1 levels were found to increase the risk of AD development. Both pediatric and adult AD share Th2/Th22 activation and defects in lipid barrier deposition and tight junction formation, but Th1 activation and epidermal differentiation complex defects are largely absent in pediatric AD. CONCLUSION Immune changes predisposing to AD development are present very early in life. During the first months of disease, AD shows various differences in immune and barrier properties from long-standing adult AD, which might necessitate tailored treatment approaches depending on the age of the patient.
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16
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Norbäck D, Lu C, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhao Z, Huang C, Zhang X, Qian H, Sun Y, Sundell J, Juan W, Liu W, Deng Q. Onset and remission of childhood wheeze and rhinitis across China - Associations with early life indoor and outdoor air pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:61-69. [PMID: 30496983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few longitudinal studies exist on childhood exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution and respiratory illness in China. We studied associations between indoor and outdoor environment and prevalence, onset and remission of wheeze and rhinitis among children across China. METHODS Children (3-6 y) were recruited from randomized day care centres in six cities. The main data analysis was restricted to children not moving since birth (N = 17,679). Data on wheeze, rhinitis and the home environment were assessed by a parental questionnaire. Prevalence in the first two years of life (baseline) and the last year (follow-up) was used to calculate onset and remission. Outdoor PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 at the day care centre were modelled from monitoring station data. Associations were calculated by multilevel logistic regression. RESULTS Prenatal NO2 was associated with decreased remission of wheeze and increased prevalence and increased onset of rhinitis. Prenatal PM2.5 was associated with increased prevalence of wheeze. Postnatal NO2 and postnatal PM10 were associated with increased prevalence and lower remission of wheeze and rhinitis. Mould, window pane condensation, renovation and cockroaches at home were associated with increased prevalence and increased onset of wheeze and rhinitis. Gas cooking was associated with increased onset of rhinitis. Children of mothers with industrial work had more wheeze. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 can increase childhood wheeze and rhinitis. Dampness and mould can increase onset and decrease remission. Crowdedness, cockroaches at home and emissions from new building materials and gas cooking can be risk factors for wheeze and rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Norbäck
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Juan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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17
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Czarnowicki T, He H, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Atopic dermatitis endotypes and implications for targeted therapeutics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Brunner PM, Israel A, Leonard A, Pavel AB, Kim HJ, Zhang N, Czarnowicki T, Patel K, Murphrey M, Ramsey K, Rangel S, Zebda R, Soundararajan V, Zheng X, Estrada YD, Xu H, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Distinct transcriptomic profiles of early-onset atopic dermatitis in blood and skin of pediatric patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 122:318-330.e3. [PMID: 30508584 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) predominantly affects young children, but our understanding of AD pathogenesis is based on skin and blood samples from long-standing adult AD. Genomic biopsy profiling from early pediatric AD showed significant Th2 and Th17/Th22-skewing, without the characteristic adult Th1 up-regulation. Because obtaining pediatric biopsies is difficult, blood gene expression profiling may provide a surrogate for the pediatric skin signature. OBJECTIVE To define the blood profile and associated biomarkers of early moderate-to-severe pediatric AD. METHODS We compared microarrays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of blood cells from 28 AD children (<5 years and within 6 months of disease onset) to healthy control blood cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in blood (fold change [FCH] > 1.2 and false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) were then compared with skin DEGs. RESULTS Eosinophil and Th2 markers (IL5RA, IL1RL1/ST2, HRH4, CCR3, SIGLEC8, PRSS33, CLC from gene arrays; IL13/IL4/CCL22 from RT-PCR) were up-regulated in early pediatric AD blood, whereas IFNG/Th1 was decreased. Th1 markers were negatively correlated with clinical severity (EASI, pruritus, transepidermal water loss [TEWL]), whereas Th2/Th17-induced interleukin (IL)-19 was positively correlated with SCORAD. Although a few RT-PCR-defined immune markers (IL-13/CCL22) were increased in blood, as previously also reported for skin, minimal overlap based on gene array DEGs was seen. CONCLUSION The whole blood signature of early moderate-to-severe pediatric AD blood cells show predominantly a Th2/eosinophil profile; however, markers largely differ from the skin profile. Given their complementarity, pooling of biomarkers from blood and skin may improve profiling and predictions, providing insight regarding disease course, allergic comorbidity development, and response to systemic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Brunner
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Ariel Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Department of Family Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandra Leonard
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ana B Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tali Czarnowicki
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Morgan Murphrey
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kara Ramsey
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephanie Rangel
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rema Zebda
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vinaya Soundararajan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James G Krueger
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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19
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Cole E, Brown TA, Pinkerton KE, Postma B, Malany K, Yang M, Kim YJ, Hamilton RF, Holian A, Cho YH. Perinatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with changes in DNA methylation that precede the adult onset of lung disease in a mouse model. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 29:435-442. [PMID: 29124997 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1392655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and early-life environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure can induce epigenetic alterations associated with inflammation and respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to address the long-term epigenetic consequences of perinatal ETS exposure on latent respiratory disease risk, which are still largely unknown. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to prenatal and early-life ETS; offspring lung pathology, global DNA, and gene-specific methylation were measured at two adult ages. Significant alterations in global DNA methylation and promoter methylation of IFN-γ and Thy-1 were found in ETS-exposed offspring at 10-12 and 20 weeks of age. These sustained epigenetic alterations preceded the onset of significant pulmonary pathologies observed at 20 weeks of age. This study suggests that perinatal ETS exposure induces persistent epigenetic alterations in global DNA, as well as IFN-γ and Thy-1 promoter methylation that precede the adult onset of fibrotic lung pathology. These epigenetic findings could represent potential biomarkers of latent respiratory disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cole
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Traci A Brown
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- b Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Britten Postma
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Keegan Malany
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Mihi Yang
- c Department of Toxicology , Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yang Jee Kim
- d Da Vinci College of General Education , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
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20
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Hulshof L, Overbeek SA, Wyllie AL, Chu MLJN, Bogaert D, de Jager W, Knippels LMJ, Sanders EAM, van Aalderen WMC, Garssen J, Van't Land B, Sprikkelman AB. Exploring Immune Development in Infants With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 29966024 PMCID: PMC5884950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in infancy with a complex pathology. In adults, the clinical severity of AD has been associated with increases in T helper cell type (Th) 2, Th22, and Th17 serum markers, including high levels of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 17 and CCL22 chemokines. Objective To explore the possible association between serum chemokine levels and AD severity in infants with moderate-to-severe AD and elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE). Subjects and methods Serum samples (n = 41) obtained from a randomized, double-blind, and clinical dietary intervention study were used to study biomarkers in infants with AD. Baseline- and post-intervention samples (4 months) were used, six chemokines and nine ratios thereof were analyzed using Luminex and correlated to AD severity. In the initial study, the infants were randomized to receive extensively hydrolyzed whey-based formula without (control) or with short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (9:1) and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (active). Results 31 Infants up to 11 months of age, with an objective-SCORAD score (oSCORAD) ≥ 20 and elevated total-IgE and/or specific-IgE levels were included. In time, the median oSCORAD decreased in both groups by −8 (control, p < 0.05; active, p < 0.01). Irrespective of dietary intervention, several changes in Th2 chemokines (CCL17 and CCL22), inflammatory chemokine (CCL20), and the Th1 chemokine, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, were detected over time. Overall CCL17 correlated to oSCORAD (r = 0.446, p < 0.01). After 4 months of dietary intervention, CXCL9 was higher (p < 0.01) in the active group compared with control [active, 2.33 (1.99–2.89); controls, 1.95 (1.77–2.43) log 10 median (range)]. In addition, a reduction in Th2/Th1 chemokine ratios for CCL17/CXCL9, CCL22/CXCL9, CCL20/CXCL10, and CCL20/CXCL11 was detected associated with the active intervention. Conclusion While this study is small and exploratory in nature, these data contribute to immune biomarker profiling and understanding of AD in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Hulshof
- Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Saskia A Overbeek
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne L Wyllie
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mei Ling J N Chu
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Paediatric Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leon M J Knippels
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wim M C van Aalderen
- Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aline B Sprikkelman
- Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
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21
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Czarnowicki T, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Novel concepts of prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis through barrier and immune manipulations with implications for the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1723-1734. [PMID: 28583445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin barrier abnormalities have been suggested to play an essential role in initiation of early atopic dermatitis (AD). Antigen penetration through a compromised barrier likely leads to increased innate immune responses, antigen-presenting cell stimulation, and priming of overt cutaneous disease. In a TH2-promoting environment, T-cell/B-cell interactions occurring in regional lymph nodes lead to excessive IgE switch. Concurrent redistribution of memory T cells into the circulation not only leads to exacerbation of AD through T-cell skin infiltration but also spreads beyond the skin to initiate the atopic march, which includes food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Possible primary interventions to prevent AD are focusing on improving skin barrier integrity, including supplementing barrier function with moisturizers. As for secondary prophylaxis in children with established AD, this can be stratified into prevention of disease exacerbations by using proactive approaches (with either topical corticosteroids or topical calcineurin inhibitors) in mild AD cases or the prevention of other atopic disorders that will probably mandate systemic immunosuppression in severe AD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.
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Role of Microbial Modulation in Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080854. [PMID: 28792444 PMCID: PMC5579647 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial and is a complex interrelationship between skin barrier, genetic predisposition, immunologic development, skin microbiome, environmental, nutritional, pharmacological, and psychological factors. Several microbial modulations of the intestinal microbiome with pre- and/or probiotics have been used in AD management, with different clinical out-come (both positive, as well as null findings). This review provides an overview of the clinical evidence from trials in children from 2008 to 2017, aiming to evaluate the effect of dietary interventions with pre- and/or pro-biotics for the treatment of AD. By searching the PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBADE, and COCHRANE databases 14 clinical studies were selected and included within this review. Data extraction was independently conducted by two authors. The primary outcome was an improvement in the clinical score of AD severity. Changes of serum immunological markers and/or gastrointestinal symptoms were explored if available. In these studies some dietary interventions with pre- and/or pro-biotics were beneficial compared to control diets in the management of AD in children, next to treatment with emollients, and/or local corticosteroids. However, heterogeneity between studies was high, making it clear that focused clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to understand the potential role and underlying mechanism of dietary interventions in children with AD.
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23
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Laforest-Lapointe I, Arrieta MC. Patterns of Early-Life Gut Microbial Colonization during Human Immune Development: An Ecological Perspective. Front Immunol 2017; 8:788. [PMID: 28740492 PMCID: PMC5502328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbial colonization during early life have been reported in infants that later developed asthma, allergies, type 1 diabetes, as well as in inflammatory bowel disease patients, previous to disease flares. Mechanistic studies in animal models have established that microbial alterations influence disease pathogenesis via changes in immune system maturation. Strong evidence points to the presence of a window of opportunity in early life, during which changes in gut microbial colonization can result in immune dysregulation that predisposes susceptible hosts to disease. Although the ecological patterns of microbial succession in the first year of life have been partly defined in specific human cohorts, the taxonomic and functional features, and diversity thresholds that characterize these microbial alterations are, for the most part, unknown. In this review, we summarize the most important links between the temporal mosaics of gut microbial colonization and the age-dependent immune functions that rely on them. We also highlight the importance of applying ecology theory to design studies that explore the interactions between this complex ecosystem and the host immune system. Focusing research efforts on understanding the importance of temporally structured patterns of diversity, keystone groups, and inter-kingdom microbial interactions for ecosystem functions has great potential to enable the development of biologically sound interventions aimed at maintaining and/or improving immune system development and preventing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Brunner PM, Guttman-Yassky E, Leung DYM. The immunology of atopic dermatitis and its reversibility with broad-spectrum and targeted therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:S65-S76. [PMID: 28390479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is driven by both terminal keratinocyte differentiation defects and strong type 2 immune responses. In contrast to chronic plaque-type psoriasis, AD is now understood to be a much more heterogeneous disease, with additional activation of TH22, TH17/IL-23, and TH1 cytokine pathways depending on the subtype of the disease. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the AD immune map in both patients with early-onset and those with chronic disease. Clinical studies with broad and targeted therapeutics have helped to elucidate the contribution of various immune axes to the disease phenotype. Importantly, immune activation extends well beyond lesional AD because nonlesional skin and the blood component harbor AD-specific inflammatory changes. For this reason, future therapeutics will need to focus on a systemic treatment approach, especially in patients with moderate-to-severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Brunner
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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25
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Yeşil Ş, Kan A, Abdulmajed O, Bakirtaş A, Sultan N, M Demirsoy S. Role of hygienic factors in the etiology of allergic disorders in children. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:627-632. [PMID: 28425257 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1603-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We investigated the role of body flora and chronic inflammatory infections in the etiology of allergic disorders in Turkish children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty pediatric asthma patients with positive skin prick tests and 40 age-matched healthy subjects with negative skin prick tests were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum H. pylori IgG, viral hepatitis serology, IL-10, and TGF-beta levels were measured. Stool and throat cultures were taken and tested for occurrence of microorganisms. RESULTS A significantly higher percentage of nonatopic subjects tested positive for anti-H. pylori antibodies compared to atopic subjects (60% vs. 20%). Serum IL-10 levels were also significantly higher in nonatopic subjects. No significant differences in direct microscopy and culture specimens of stools were observed. Examination of throat flora showed significantly higher occurrences of Neisseria and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in nonatopic subjects, but higher occurrences of gram-positive bacilli in atopic subjects. CONCLUSION Higher prevalence of anti-H. pylori antibody and higher serum levels of IL-10 in nonatopic subjects suggest that chronic infection and inflammation may protect against atopic disease. Higher occurrences of Neisseria and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in throat cultures from nonatopic subjects are novel findings that lend further support to the hygiene hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Yeşil
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Children's Health, and Disease Training and Research Hospital,Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kan
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olkar Abdulmajed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Bakirtaş
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nedim Sultan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadık M Demirsoy
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Thomas KS, Batchelor JM, Bath-Hextall F, Chalmers JR, Clarke T, Crowe S, Delamere FM, Eleftheriadou V, Evans N, Firkins L, Greenlaw N, Lansbury L, Lawton S, Layfield C, Leonardi-Bee J, Mason J, Mitchell E, Nankervis H, Norrie J, Nunn A, Ormerod AD, Patel R, Perkins W, Ravenscroft JC, Schmitt J, Simpson E, Whitton ME, Williams HC. A programme of research to set priorities and reduce uncertainties for the prevention and treatment of skin disease. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSkin diseases are very common and can have a large impact on the quality of life of patients and caregivers. This programme addressed four diseases: (1) eczema, (2) vitiligo, (3) squamous cell skin cancer (SCC) and (4) pyoderma gangrenosum (PG).ObjectiveTo set priorities and reduce uncertainties for the treatment and prevention of skin disease in our four chosen diseases.DesignMixed methods including eight systematic reviews, three prioritisation exercises, two pilot randomised controlled trials (RCTs), three feasibility studies, two core outcome initiatives, four funding proposals for national RCTs and one completed national RCT.SettingSecondary care, primary care and the general population.ParticipantsPatients (and their caregivers) with eczema, vitiligo, SCC and PG, plus health-care professionals with an interest in skin disease.InterventionsOur three intervention studies included (1) barrier enhancement using emollients from birth to prevent eczema (pilot RCT); (2) handheld narrowband ultraviolet light B therapy for treating vitiligo (pilot RCT); and (3) oral ciclosporin (Neoral®, Novartis Pharmaceuticals) compared with oral prednisolone for managing PG (pragmatic national RCT).ResultsSystematic reviews included two overarching systematic reviews of RCTs of treatments for eczema and vitiligo, an umbrella review of systematic reviews of interventions for the prevention of eczema, two reviews of treatments for SCC (one included RCTs and the second included observational studies), and three reviews of outcome measures and outcome reporting. Three prioritisation partnership exercises identified 26 priority areas for future research in eczema, vitiligo and SCC. Two international consensus initiatives identified four core domains for future eczema trials and seven core domains for vitiligo trials. Two pilot RCTs and three feasibility studies critically informed development of four trial proposals for external funding, three of which are now funded and one is pending consideration by funders. Our pragmatic RCT tested the two commonly used systemic treatments for PG (prednisolone vs. ciclosporin) and found no difference in their clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness. Both drugs showed limited benefit. Only half of the participants’ ulcers had healed by 6 months. For those with healed ulcers, recurrence was common (30%). Different side effect profiles were noted for each drug, which can inform clinical decisions on an individual patient basis. Three researchers were trained to PhD level and a dermatology patient panel was established to ensure patient involvement in all aspects of the programme.ConclusionsFindings from this programme of work have already informed clinical guidelines and patient information resources. Feasibility studies have ensured that large national pragmatic trials will now be conducted on important areas of treatment uncertainty that address the needs of patients and the NHS. There is scope for considerable improvement in terms of trial design, conduct and reporting for RCTs of skin disease, which can be improved through wider collaboration, registration of trial protocols and complete reporting and international consensus over core outcome sets. Three national trials have now been funded as a result of this work. Two international initiatives to establish how best to measure the core outcome domains for eczema and vitiligo are ongoing.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials Barrier Enhancement for Eczema Prevention (BEEP) (ISRCTN84854178 and NCT01142999), Study of Treatments fOr Pyoderma GAngrenosum Patients (STOP GAP) (ISRCTN35898459) and Hand Held NB-UVB for Early or Focal Vitiligo at Home (HI-Light Pilot Trial) (NCT01478945).FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inProgramme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 4, No. 18. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Joanne R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tessa Clarke
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Finola M Delamere
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Evans
- Trust Headquarters, West Hertfordshire Hospital NHS Trust, Hemel Hempstead, UK
| | - Lester Firkins
- Strategy and Development Group, James Lind Alliance, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Greenlaw
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Louise Lansbury
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sandra Lawton
- Dermatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carron Layfield
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Mason
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Eleanor Mitchell
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Helen Nankervis
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John Norrie
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew Nunn
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ramesh Patel
- Radcliffe-on-Trent Health Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - William Perkins
- Dermatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jane C Ravenscroft
- Dermatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric Simpson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maxine E Whitton
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hywel C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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27
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Esaki H, Brunner PM, Renert-Yuval Y, Czarnowicki T, Huynh T, Tran G, Lyon S, Rodriguez G, Immaneni S, Johnson DB, Bauer B, Fuentes-Duculan J, Zheng X, Peng X, Estrada YD, Xu H, de Guzman Strong C, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is T H 2 but also T H 17 polarized in skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1639-1651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Lin Z, Norback D, Wang T, Zhang X, Shi J, Kan H, Zhao Z. The first 2-year home environment in relation to the new onset and remission of asthmatic and allergic symptoms in 4246 preschool children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:204-210. [PMID: 26925732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The home environment can influence childhood allergies and respiratory health but there is little information on associations between early life exposure at home and new onset and remission of the asthmatic or allergic symptoms in preschool children. A questionnaire survey was performed in a random cluster sample of 4246 preschool children in Urumqi, China. Information on the home environment (perceptions of odors and indicators of pollution sources) and children's health (wheeze, rhinitis and eczema) was collected for the first 2 years of life and the last year (before answering the questionnaire) from one of the parents or another guardian of the child. Associations between the home environment the first 2 years of life and new onset and remission of childhood symptoms were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Home environment factors reported for the first 2 years of life were consistently positively associated with new onset of symptoms and negatively associated with remission of symptoms. Visible mold (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12-1.90), moldy odor (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.45-3.18), air dryness (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.59), stuffy odor (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.54) and parental smoking (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13-1.65) were associated with new onset of symptoms. These factors were negatively associated with the remission of symptoms. In conclusion, mold contamination at home (moldy odor/visible mold), poor indoor air quality (stuffy odor, air dryness) and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the first 2 years of life can increase the incidence of asthmatic and allergic symptoms and decrease the remission from these symptoms in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Dan Norback
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Jingjin Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Brar K, Leung DYM. Recent considerations in the use of recombinant interferon gamma for biological therapy of atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:507-14. [PMID: 26694988 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1135898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in the general population. There are different endophenotypes of AD that likely have a unique immune and molecular basis, such as those who are predisposed to eczema herpeticum, or Staphylococcus aureus infections. AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlight the endophenotypes of AD where reduced interferon gamma expression may be playing a role. Additionally, we review the potential role of recombinant interferon gamma therapy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and the particular phenotypes that may benefit from this treatment. EXPERT OPINION Recombinant interferon gamma treatment will likely benefit the pediatric population with AD, as well as those with susceptibilities for skin infections. Future studies are needed to elucidate whether IFN-γ may reduce the prevalence of skin infection in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwaljit Brar
- a Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics , National Jewish Health , Denver , CO , USA
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- a Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics , National Jewish Health , Denver , CO , USA.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology , The State Key Clinical Specialty in Allergy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Richard C, Lewis ED, Goruk S, Field CJ. Feeding a Diet Enriched in Docosahexaenoic Acid to Lactating Dams Improves the Tolerance Response to Egg Protein in Suckled Pups. Nutrients 2016; 8:103. [PMID: 26907333 PMCID: PMC4772065 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding a maternal diet supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during the suckling period on the development of the immune system and oral tolerance (OT) in offspring. Dams were randomized to consume one of two nutritionally adequate diets throughout the suckling period: control (N = 12, 0% DHA) or DHA (N = 8, 0.9% DHA) diet. At 11 days, pups from each dam were randomly assigned to a mucosal OT challenge: the placebo or the ovalbumin (OVA) treatment. At three weeks, plasma immunoglobulins and splenocyte cytokine production ex vivo were measured. OVA-tolerized pups had a lower Th2 (IL-13) response to OVA despite the presence of more activated T cells and memory cells (CD27+, all p < 0.05). Feeding a high DHA diet improved the ability of splenocytes to respond to mitogens toward a skewed Th1 response and led to a higher IL-10 and a lower TGF-β production after stimulation with OVA (all p < 0.05). Untolerized DHA-fed pups had lower plasma concentrations of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (p for interaction < 0.05). Overall, feeding a high DHA maternal diet improves the tolerance response in untolerized suckled pups in a direction that is thought to be beneficial for the establishment of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Erin D Lewis
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Abstract
Antibiotics are by far the most common medications prescribed for children. Recent epidemiological data suggests an association between early antibiotic use and disease phenotypes in adulthood. Antibiotic use during infancy induces imbalances in gut microbiota, called dysbiosis. The gut microbiome's responses to antibiotics and its potential link to disease development are especially complex to study in the changing infant gut. Here, we synthesize current knowledge linking antibiotics, dysbiosis, and disease and propose a framework for studying antibiotic-related dysbiosis in children. We recommend future studies into the microbiome-mediated effects of antibiotics focused on four types of dysbiosis: loss of keystone taxa, loss of diversity, shifts in metabolic capacity, and blooms of pathogens. Establishment of a large and diverse baseline cohort to define healthy infant microbiome development is essential to advancing diagnosis, interpretation, and eventual treatment of pediatric dysbiosis. This approach will also help provide evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic usage in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pajau Vangay
- Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tonya Ward
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Gerber
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dan Knights
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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32
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Metcalfe JR, D'Vaz N, Makrides M, Gold MS, Quinn P, West CE, Loh R, Prescott SL, Palmer DJ. Elevated IL-5 and IL-13 responses to egg proteins predate the introduction of egg in solid foods in infants with eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:308-16. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Metcalfe
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - N. D'Vaz
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Telethon KIDS Institute; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - M. Makrides
- Women's & Children's Health Research Institute; Adelaide SA Australia
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide SA Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - M. S. Gold
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Children, Youth and Women's Health Service; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - P. Quinn
- Children, Youth and Women's Health Service; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - C. E. West
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatrics; Umeå University; Umea Sweden
| | - R. Loh
- Department of Immunology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Perth WA Australia
| | - S. L. Prescott
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Telethon KIDS Institute; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Department of Immunology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Perth WA Australia
| | - D. J. Palmer
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Women's & Children's Health Research Institute; Adelaide SA Australia
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Czarnowicki T, Esaki H, Gonzalez J, Malajian D, Shemer A, Noda S, Talasila S, Berry A, Gray J, Becker L, Estrada Y, Xu H, Zheng X, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Early pediatric atopic dermatitis shows only a cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)(+) TH2/TH1 cell imbalance, whereas adults acquire CLA(+) TH22/TC22 cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:941-951.e3. [PMID: 26242300 PMCID: PMC4946641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying differences and similarities between cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)(+) polarized T-cell subsets in children versus adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) is critical for directing new treatments toward children. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare activation markers and frequencies of skin-homing (CLA(+)) versus systemic (CLA(-)) "polar" CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets in patients with early pediatric AD, adults with AD, and control subjects. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure CD69/inducible costimulator/HLA-DR frequency in memory cell subsets, as well as IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 cytokines, defining TH1/cytotoxic T (TC) 1, TH2/TC2, TH9/TC9, TH17/TC17, and TH22/TC22 populations in CD4 and CD8 cells, respectively. We compared peripheral blood from 19 children less than 5 years old and 42 adults with well-characterized moderate-to-severe AD, as well as age-matched control subjects (17 children and 25 adults). RESULTS Selective inducible costimulator activation (P < .001) was seen in children. CLA(+) TH2 T cells were markedly expanded in both children and adults with AD compared with those in control subjects, but decreases in CLA(+) TH1 T-cell numbers were greater in children with AD (17% vs 7.4%, P = .007). Unlike in adults, no imbalances were detected in CLA(-) T cells from pediatric patients with AD nor were there altered frequencies of TH22 T cells within the CLA(+) or CLA(-) compartments. Adults with AD had increased frequencies of IL-22-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells within the skin-homing population, compared with controls (9.5% vs 4.5% and 8.6% vs 2.4%, respectively; P < .001), as well as increased HLA-DR activation (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TH2 activation within skin-homing T cells might drive AD in children and that reduced counterregulation by TH1 T cells might contribute to excess TH2 activation. TH22 "spreading" of AD is not seen in young children and might be influenced by immune development, disease chronicity, or recurrent skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Hitokazu Esaki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Juana Gonzalez
- Translational Technology Core Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Dana Malajian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shinji Noda
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Sreya Talasila
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Adam Berry
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jayla Gray
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lauren Becker
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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Bousquet J, Anto JM, Wickman M, Keil T, Valenta R, Haahtela T, Lodrup Carlsen K, van Hage M, Akdis C, Bachert C, Akdis M, Auffray C, Annesi-Maesano I, Bindslev-Jensen C, Cambon-Thomsen A, Carlsen KH, Chatzi L, Forastiere F, Garcia-Aymerich J, Gehrig U, Guerra S, Heinrich J, Koppelman GH, Kowalski ML, Lambrecht B, Lupinek C, Maier D, Melén E, Momas I, Palkonen S, Pinart M, Postma D, Siroux V, Smit HA, Sunyer J, Wright J, Zuberbier T, Arshad SH, Nadif R, Thijs C, Andersson N, Asarnoj A, Ballardini N, Ballereau S, Bedbrook A, Benet M, Bergstrom A, Brunekreef B, Burte E, Calderon M, De Carlo G, Demoly P, Eller E, Fantini MP, Hammad H, Hohman C, Just J, Kerkhof M, Kogevinas M, Kull I, Lau S, Lemonnier N, Mommers M, Nawijn M, Neubauer A, Oddie S, Pellet J, Pin I, Porta D, Saes Y, Skrindo I, Tischer CG, Torrent M, von Hertzen L. Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling? The MeDALL hypothesis. Allergy 2015; 70:1062-78. [PMID: 25913421 DOI: 10.1111/all.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases [asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD)] are complex. They are associated with allergen-specific IgE and nonallergic mechanisms that may coexist in the same patient. In addition, these diseases tend to cluster and patients present concomitant or consecutive diseases (multimorbidity). IgE sensitization should be considered as a quantitative trait. Important clinical and immunological differences exist between mono- and polysensitized subjects. Multimorbidities of allergic diseases share common causal mechanisms that are only partly IgE-mediated. Persistence of allergic diseases over time is associated with multimorbidity and/or IgE polysensitization. The importance of the family history of allergy may decrease with age. This review puts forward the hypothesis that allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization are associated and related to the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling. Asthma, rhinitis and AD are manifestations of a common systemic immune imbalance (mesodermal origin) with specific patterns of remodelling (ectodermal or endodermal origin). This study proposes a new classification of IgE-mediated allergic diseases that allows the definition of novel phenotypes to (i) better understand genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, (ii) better stratify allergic preschool children for prognosis and (iii) propose novel strategies of treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bousquet
- University Hospital; Montpellier France
- MACVIA-LR; Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon; European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site; Paris France
- INSERM; VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168; Paris France
- UVSQ; UMR-S 1168; Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Versailles France
| | - J. M. Anto
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Wickman
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry; University of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - T. Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. Lodrup Carlsen
- Department of Paediatrics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - M. van Hage
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit; Department of Medicine Solna; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - C. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Bachert
- ENT Department; Ghent University Hospital; Gent Belgium
| | - M. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- EPAR U707 INSERM; Paris France
- EPAR UMR-S UPMC; Paris VI; Paris France
| | - C. Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - A. Cambon-Thomsen
- UMR Inserm U1027; Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - K. H. Carlsen
- Department of Paediatrics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - L. Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - F. Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service Lazio Region; Rome Italy
| | - J. Garcia-Aymerich
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - U. Gehrig
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; University of Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - S. Guerra
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology; German Research Centre for Environmental Health; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - G. H. Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - B. Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - E. Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - I. Momas
- Department of Public Health and Biostatistics, EA 4064; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- Paris Municipal Department of Social Action, Childhood, and Health; Paris France
| | - S. Palkonen
- EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations; Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Pinart
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
| | - D. Postma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | | | - H. A. Smit
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; University of Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - J. Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research; Bradford Royal Infirmary; Bradford UK
| | - T. Zuberbier
- Allergy-Centre-Charité at the Department of Dermatology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Secretary General of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN); Berlin Germany
| | - S. H. Arshad
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre; Isle of Wight UK
| | - R. Nadif
- INSERM; VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168; Paris France
- UVSQ; UMR-S 1168; Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Versailles France
| | - C. Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology; CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - N. Andersson
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Asarnoj
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - N. Ballardini
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Ballereau
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - A. Bedbrook
- MACVIA-LR; Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon; European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site; Paris France
| | - M. Benet
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Bergstrom
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. Brunekreef
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; University of Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - E. Burte
- INSERM; VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168; Paris France
- UVSQ; UMR-S 1168; Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Versailles France
| | - M. Calderon
- National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; Royal Brompton Hospital NHS; London UK
| | - G. De Carlo
- EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations; Brussels Belgium
| | - P. Demoly
- Department of Respiratory Diseases; Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - E. Eller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - M. P. Fantini
- Department of Medicine and Public Health; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - H. Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - C. Hohman
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - J. Just
- Allergology Department; Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies; Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP); Paris France
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Equipe EPAR; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136; Paris France
| | - M. Kerkhof
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - I. Kull
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Lau
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology; Charité Medical University; Berlin Germany
| | - N. Lemonnier
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - M. Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology; CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - M. Nawijn
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | | | - S. Oddie
- Bradford Institute for Health Research; Bradford Royal Infirmary; Bradford UK
| | - J. Pellet
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - I. Pin
- Département de pédiatrie; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - D. Porta
- Department of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service Lazio Region; Rome Italy
| | - Y. Saes
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - I. Skrindo
- Department of Paediatrics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - C. G. Tischer
- Institute of Epidemiology; German Research Centre for Environmental Health; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - M. Torrent
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Area de Salut de Menorca, ib-salut; Illes Balears Spain
| | - L. von Hertzen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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Hwang EN, Kang SM, Kim MJ, Lee JW. Screening of Immune-Active Lactic Acid Bacteria. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:541-50. [PMID: 26761877 PMCID: PMC4662138 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.4.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cell wall extract on the proliferation and cytokine production of immune cells to select suitable probiotics for space food. Ten strains of LAB (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. paracasei, L. casei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. delbruekii, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Pedicoccus pentosaceus) were sub-cultured and further cultured for 3 d to reach 7-10 Log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL prior to cell wall extractions. All LAB cell wall extracts failed to inhibit the proliferation of BALB/c mouse splenocytes or mesenteric lymphocytes. Most LAB cell wall extracts except those of L. plantarum and L. delbrueckii induced the proliferation of both immune cells at tested concentrations. In addition, the production of TH1 cytokine (IFN-γ) rather than that of TH2 cytokine (IL-4) was enhanced by LAB cell wall extracts. Of ten LAB extracts, four (from L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. casei, and S. thermophiles) promoted both cell proliferating and TH1 cytokine production. These results suggested that these LAB could be used as probiotics to maintain immunity and homeostasis for astronauts in extreme space environment and for general people in normal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Nam Hwang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Anyang University, Anyang 430-714, Korea
| | - Ju-Woon Lee
- Central Institute, RION Co., Ltd., Jeonju 561-843, Korea
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Kim JH, Jeong KS, Ha EH, Park H, Ha M, Hong YC, Bhang SY, Lee SJ, Lee KY, Lee SH, Kim Y, Kim MH, Chang N. Relationship between prenatal and postnatal exposures to folate and risks of allergic and respiratory diseases in early childhood. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:155-63. [PMID: 24616290 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether folate is risk or preventive factor for allergic and respiratory diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between maternal or offspring folate status and subsequent development of allergic and respiratory diseases in early childhood. METHODS In total, 917 mother-child pairs from a prospective birth cohort in South Korea were studied. Data regarding the children's allergic and respiratory outcomes were obtained from standardized questionnaires completed by the mothers at postnatal months 6, 12, and 24. Serum folate levels were measured in the mothers at mid- and late-pregnancy, and in their children at 24 months of age. Atopic biomarkers were measured in the cord blood (CB) and at 24 months after birth. Biomarkers and clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared between the mother-child pairs divided into two groups according to median serum folate status at mid- and late-pregnancy. RESULTS Serum folate levels during mid-pregnancy were inversely associated with CB eosinophil count (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.96) and positively associated with CB interleukin-10 levels (1.47, 1.11-1.94). Maternal folate level above the median value (≥9.5 ng/ml) during mid-pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk for the child of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) at 6 months of age (adjusted OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.91) and atopic dermatitis (AD) at 24 months (adjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.88), but not with LRTIs and AD at other ages. CONCLUSIONS A relatively high maternal serum folate level in mid-pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of LRTIs and AD in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Aalberse RC, Knol EF. Historic overview of allergy research in the Netherlands. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:163-72. [PMID: 25455604 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Research in allergy has a long history in the Netherlands, although the relation with immunology has not always been appreciated. In many aspects Dutch researchers have made major contribution in allergy research. This ranges from the first characterization of house dust mite as an important allergen, the first characterization of human Th2 and Th1 T cell clones, to the development of diagnostic test systems. In this overview Aalberse and Knol have made an overview of the major contributions of Dutch immunologists in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob C Aalberse
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward F Knol
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abelius MS, Enke U, Varosi F, Hoyer H, Schleussner E, Jenmalm MC, Markert UR. Placental immune response to apple allergen in allergic mothers. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 106:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Heterologous prime-boost immunization with live attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 followed by acellular pertussis vaccine in mice. Vaccine 2014; 32:4281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Weber-Chrysochoou C, Crisafulli D, Kemp AS, Britton WJ, Marks GB. Allergen-specific IL-5 responses in early childhood predict asthma at age eight. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97995. [PMID: 24875149 PMCID: PMC4038510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pattern of development of allergen-specific T cell cytokine responses in early childhood and their relation to later disease is poorly understood. Here we describe longitudinal changes in allergen-stimulated T cell cytokine responses and their relation to asthma and allergic disease during the first 8 years of life. Methods Subjects with a family history of asthma, who were enrolled antenatally in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (public trials registration number ACTRN12605000042640), had skin prick tests, clinical evaluation for asthma and eczema, and in vitro assessment of T cell cytokine responses to HDM extract performed at ages 18 months (n = 281), 3 years (n = 349), 5 years (n = 370) and 8 years (n = 275). We measured interleukin (IL-) 13 at 3, 5 and 8 years, and IL-5, IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), at 18 months, 3, 5 and 8 years by ELISA. A cohort analysis was undertaken. Independent effects of cytokine responses at each age on the risk of asthma and allergic outcomes at age 8 years were estimated by multivariable logistic regression. Results HDM-specific IL-5 responses increased with age. HDM-specific IL-13 and IL-10 responses peaked at age 5 years. HDM-specific IL-5 responses at 3 years, 5 years and 8 years were significantly associated with the presence of asthma and atopy at 8 years. IL-13 responses at 3 years, 5 years and 8 years were significantly associated with atopy at 8 years, but this association was not independent of the effect of IL-5. Other HDM-specific cytokine responses were not independently related to asthma or eczema at 8 years. Conclusion HDM-specific IL-5 responses at age 3 years or later are the best measure of T cell function for predicting asthma at age 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Weber-Chrysochoou
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniele Crisafulli
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Stewart Kemp
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warwick John Britton
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy Barrington Marks
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Health Service Hospital, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Fucic A, Katic J, Fthenou E, Kogevinas M, Plavec D, Koppe J, Batinic D, Chalkiadaki G, Chatzi L, Lasan R, Kleinjans J, Kirsch-Volders M. Increased frequency of micronuclei in mononucleated lymphocytes and cytome analysis in healthy newborns as an early warning biomarkers of possible future health risks. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Linnamaa P, Nieminen K, Koulu L, Tuomasjukka S, Kallio H, Yang B, Tahvonen R, Savolainen J. Black currant seed oil supplementation of mothers enhances IFN-γ and suppresses IL-4 production in breast milk. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:562-6. [PMID: 23980846 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first year of infancy is crucial for the development of atopic immune response. Inadequate early Th1 and Treg responses and increased production of Th2 cytokines are associated with atopy. Breast milk contains several immunomodulatory cytokines and other factors that might influence the maturation of the infant's immune system. We assessed the cytokines in breast milk of mother of newborn infants and their associations with black currant seed oil (BCSO) supplementation during pregnancy, mother's atopic status and the development of infant's atopic dermatitis. METHODS Mothers and infants from an intervention study by black currant seed oil (n = 31) or olive oil as placebo (n = 30) were included in the study. Breast milk samples were collected during the first 3 months of breastfeeding. Breast milk levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF were measured by Luminex technology. RESULTS BCSO intervention group had decreased level of IL-4 (p = 0.044) and elevated level of IFN-γ (p = 0.014) in breast milk as compared to olive oil group. No significant differences were observed in IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF levels between the BCSO and olive oil groups. Mothers who had atopic dermatitis had significantly decreased levels of IL-10 (p = 0.044) in breast milk. Breast milk of the mothers of the children who developed atopic dermatitis had lower levels of IFN-γ (p = 0.039) as compared to the breast milk of the mothers of the children without dermatitis. CONCLUSION Dietary intervention with BCSO had immunomodulatory effects on breast milk cytokine production towards Th2 to Th1 immunodeviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Linnamaa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Royer CM, Rudolph K, Barrett EG. The neonatal susceptibility window for inhalant allergen sensitization in the atopically predisposed canine asthma model. Immunology 2013. [PMID: 23181409 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma often begins in early life and, although many risk factors have been enumerated, the specific factors that initiate disease progression in an individual remain unclear. Using our dog model of early life allergen inhalation, we tested the hypothesis that the atopically biased neonatal immune system would exhibit tolerance to ragweed if allowed to mature normally before exposure or artificially through innate immune stimulation with early life exposure. Dogs were subjected to a series of inhalational ragweed exposures from 1 to 20 weeks old, with or without inhalation of a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist (CRX-527), or from 13 to 31 weeks old. Serum allergen-specific antibody response was assessed at 4, 8 and 20 weeks after the last sensitizing exposure. At 24 or 35 weeks old, airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine and ragweed challenges and pulmonary inflammation by bronchoalveolar lavage were tested 1 and 4 days after ragweed challenge at 28 or 39 weeks old. Allergen-free immune maturation resulted in no airway hyper-responsiveness and very little ragweed-specific IgE relative to the control group, but eosinophilia developed upon ragweed challenge. TLR4 agonism yielded no airway hyper-responsiveness, but a strong airway neutrophilia developed upon ragweed challenge. Our data indicate that an atopic predisposition creates a critical window in which allergen exposure can lead to an asthmatic phenotype. Allergen-free immune maturation may lead to allergen tolerance. TLR4 agonism before early life allergen exposure may abrogate the development of allergen-specific bronchonconstriction, but allergen-specific pulmonary inflammation remains a strong concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Royer
- Respiratory Immunology and Asthma Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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Linnamaa P, Nieminen K, Koulu L, Tuomasjukka S, Kallio H, Yang B, Tahvonen R, Savolainen J. Pro-inflammatory and Th2-type cytokine responses in PBMC in infants are associated with parental smoking. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1472-8. [PMID: 22994344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During infancy, a disturbed cytokine balance leads to an atopic immune response. Many risk factors have been associated with the development of atopy. These include parental smoking, elevated cord blood IgE, early exposure to pets and family history of atopy, but the knowledge of their impact on cytokine balance is limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the cytokines induced by mitogen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of infants at 3 months and 12 months of age and their potential association with fatty acid (FA) intervention, parental atopy, atopic dermatitis and parental smoking. METHODS Infants from an intervention study using black currant seed oil (BCSO, n = 34) or placebo (n = 34) were included. PBMC samples were taken at the age of 3 and 12 months. Signs of atopic dermatitis and parental smoking were registered. PBMC were isolated from heparinized blood samples, stimulated with ConcanavalinA mitogen and the cytokine responses were detected at 72 h of stimulation by Luminex technology. RESULTS Children of smoking parents had elevated levels of IL-4 (P = 0.0004), IL-5 (P = 0.0002), IFN-γ (P = 0.039) and TNF (P = 0.0003) at 12 months of age. Children who had atopic dermatitis by the age of 3 months showed elevated levels of IL-5 at 3 months (P = 0.0027) and 12 months of age (P = 0.022). The production of TNF at the age of 3 months was higher (P = 0.010) and the production of IL-12 at the age of 12 months was lower (P = 0.025) in infants whose parents were atopic. BCSO intervention did not have any effect on any cytokine production or mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Children of smoking parents had highly significantly elevated levels of Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF. The detrimental effects of parental smoking on the child's immune function should lead us to pay more attention to supporting parents to stop smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Linnamaa
- Department of Dermatology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Fu Y, Lou H, Wang C, Lou W, Wang Y, Zheng T, Zhang L. T cell subsets in cord blood are influenced by maternal allergy and associated with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:178-86. [PMID: 23506292 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the influence of maternal allergy on cord blood regulatory and effector T cells and to evaluate their role as a predictor of atopic dermatitis (AD) during the first 2 yr of life. METHODS Seventy mother-infant pairs were recruited in this prospective birth cohort study (21 allergic and 49 non-allergic mothers). Cord blood samples were collected and assayed for the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) producing T cells (Th1 and Th2, respectively) using flow cytometry. Experiments were undertaken to assess the function of cord blood CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(-) Treg cells by cell proliferation and cytokine responses. Their offspring at the age of 2 yr old were evaluated by dermatologists to determine whether they had AD. RESULTS During the first 2 yr of life, 15.7% of the children developed a physician-diagnosed AD. A significantly increased percentage of Th2 cell was observed in cord blood of newborns with maternal allergy. Treg/Th2 ratio significantly decreased among the offspring of allergic mothers. Treg cell-associated suppression of Th2 response was attenuated in Der p1-stimulated CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells from the offspring of allergic mothers. Children with reduced Th1/Th2 (p = 0.001, OR = 0.37) and Treg/Th2 (p = 0.001, OR = 0.47) ratio in cord blood had a higher risk of developing AD. CONCLUSION Maternal allergic status is associated with increased percentage of IL-4(+) CD4(+) T cells and a reduced Treg/Th2 ratio in cord blood at their children's birth, which may predispose to an increased risk for developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Fu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Effect of non-human neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on allergic and infectious diseases in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:317-23. [PMID: 23132642 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Short-term supplementation of non-human neutral and acidic oligosaccharides during the first postnatal weeks may enhance the maturation of the immune response in preterm infants and may lead to less allergic and infectious diseases during the first year of life. In a randomized controlled trial, 113 preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g) were allocated to receive enteral neutral and acidic oligosaccharide supplementation or placebo between days 3 and 30 of life. The median age at follow-up was not different in both groups: 12 months corrected age (interquartile range [IQR], 11-15) in the prebiotic mixture group and 12 months corrected age in the placebo group (IQR, 10-19), respectively. In addition, baseline patient, maternal, and environmental characteristics were not different between the prebiotic mixture (n = 48) and placebo (n = 46) group. Incidence of allergic and infectious diseases was assessed by validated questionnaires. In total, 94/98 (96 %) of the eligible, surviving infants participated in this follow-up study. The incidence of atopic dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.24-2.67), bronchial hyper-reactivity (OR, 1.04; 95 % CI, 0.38-2.87) and infections of the upper respiratory (OR, 0.95; 95 % CI, 0.37-2.44), lower respiratory (OR, 1.03; 95 % CI, 0.37-2.88), and gastrointestinal (OR, 1.77; 95 % CI, 0.55-5.73) tract was not different between the groups. Adjustment for potential confounding factors did not change the results of the primary analysis. CONCLUSION Short-term enteral supplementation of non-human neutral and acidic oligosaccharides during the neonatal period in preterm infants does not decrease the incidence of allergic and infectious diseases during the first year of life.
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Samochocki Z, Alifier M, Bodera P, Jeziorkowska R, Rosiak E, Jurkiewicz B, Glińska O, Gliński W, Stankiewicz W. T-regulatory cells in severe atopic dermatitis: alterations related to cytokines and other lymphocyte subpopulations. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:795-801. [PMID: 22968402 PMCID: PMC3505524 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The changes in lymphocyte subpopulations in atopic dermatitis (AD) concern also T-regulatory cells. We investigated the expression of various surface receptors on CD3+CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ T-regulatory cells and the activation CD28+ receptor and the inhibitory CD152+ receptor on helper/inducer as well as cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 15 AD patients and 20 healthy subjects were analyzed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β were determined in the serum and the supernatant of ConA-stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes. In AD patients the percentage of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ as well as CD3+CD8+ cells increased, which positively correlated with SCORAD index (r = 0.55, p = 0.03). The concentrations of IL-10 in the CD4+ lymphocyte culture supernatants and the concentrations of TGF-β in the sera and the supernatant negatively correlated with the severity of AD (p < 0.01, r = −0.63; p < 0.02, r = −0.64 and p < 0.03, r = −0.58, respectively), whereas the serum concentration of IL-6 correlated positively (p < 0.003, r = 0.71). The regulatory cells expressed more CD62L and CD134 surface markers but less CD95. Reduced expression of the apoptotic CD95 receptor suggests that survival time of these cells is prolonged. Since CD62L and CD134 were upregulated, the enhanced modulatory effect of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ cells seemed to be suggested, which may result in increased co-expression of CD28/CD152 on both CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations.
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Terhune TD, Deth RC. How aluminum adjuvants could promote and enhance non-target IgE synthesis in a genetically-vulnerable sub-population. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 10:210-22. [PMID: 22967010 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2012.708366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum-containing adjuvants increase the effectiveness of vaccination, but their ability to augment immune responsiveness also carries the risk of eliciting non-target responses, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. This study reviews the relevant actions of aluminum adjuvants and sources of genetic risk that can combine to adversely affect a vulnerable sub-population. Aluminum adjuvants promote oxidative stress and increase inflammasome activity, leading to the release of IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, but not the important regulatory cytokine IL-12. In addition, they stimulate macrophages to produce PGE₂, which also has a role in regulating immune responses. This aluminum-induced cytokine context leads to a T(H)2 immune response, characterized by the further release of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and IgE-potentiating factors such as sCD23. Genetic variants in cytokine genes, such as IL-4, IL-13, IL-33, and IL-18 influence the response to vaccines in children and are also associated with atopy. These genetic factors may therefore define a genetically-vulnerable sub-population, children with a family history of atopy, who may experience an exaggerated T(H)2 immune response to aluminum-containing vaccines. IL-4, sCD23, and IgE are common factors for both atopy and the immune-stimulating properties of aluminum adjuvants. IL-4 is critical in the production of IgE and total IgE up-regulation. IL-4 has also been reported to induce the production of sCD23 and trigger resting sIgM+, sIgD+ B-cells to switch to sIgE+ B-cells, making them targets for IgE-potentiating factors. Further, the actions of IgE-potentiating factors on sIgE+ B-cells are polyclonal and unrestricted, triggering their differentiation into IgE-forming plasma cells. These actions provide a mechanism for aluminum-adjuvant promotion and enhancement of non-target IgE in a genetically vulnerable sub-population. Identification of these individuals may decrease the risk of adverse events associated with the use of aluminum-containing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Terhune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 148 TF, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Svensson A, Nordström I, Rudin A, Bergström T, Eriksson K. Enveloped virus but not bacteria block IL-13 responses in human cord blood T cells in vitro. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:409-18. [PMID: 22229804 PMCID: PMC7190188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Infections that occur early in life may have a beneficial effect on the immune system and thereby reduce the risk of allergen sensitization and/or allergic disease. It is not yet clear to what extent specific virus and/or bacteria can mediate this effect. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of virus and bacteria in CD4+ T cell‐derived cytokine production in newborns. We compared the effects of five bacteria (Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidus) and seven virus (adenovirus, coronavirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, morbillivirus and poliovirus) on the Th1/Th2 cytokine production in mixed lymphocyte reactions using CD4+ T cells from cord blood cocultured with allogenic myeloid or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. When comparing the baseline cytokine production prior to microbial stimulation, we observed that cord plasmacytoid DC were stronger inducers of Th2 cytokines (IL‐5 and IL‐13) compared with cord myeloid DC and to adult DC. When adding microbes to these cultures, bacteria and virus differed in two major respects; Firstly, all enveloped viruses, but none of the bacteria, blocked Th2 (IL‐13) production by cord CD4+ cells. Secondly, all Gram‐positive bacteria, but none of the virus, induced IL‐12p40 responses, but the IL‐12p40 responses did not affect Th1 cytokine production (IFN‐γ). Instead, Th1 responses were correlated with the capacity to induce IFN‐α secretion, which in cord cells were induced by S. aureus and influenza virus alone. These data imply that enveloped virus can deviate Th2 responses in human cord T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abelius MS, Ernerudh J, Berg G, Matthiesen L, Nilsson LJ, Jenmalm MC. High cord blood levels of the T-helper 2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 precede allergy development during the first 6 years of life. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:495-500. [PMID: 21796021 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31822f2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a strong T-helper 2 (Th2)-like environment during fetal development may promote allergy development. Increased cord blood (CB) levels of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 were associated with allergy development during the first 2 y of life. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CB Th1- and Th2-associated chemokine levels are associated with allergy development during the first 6 y of life, allowing assessment of respiratory allergic symptoms usually developing in this period. The CB levels of cytokines, chemokines, and total IgE were determined in 56 children of 20 women with allergic symptoms and 36 women without allergic symptoms. Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE antibody levels were quantified at 6, 12, 24 mo, and 6 y of age. Increased CB CCL22 levels were associated with development of allergic sensitization and asthma and increased CCL17 levels with development of allergic symptoms, including asthma. Sensitized children with allergic symptoms showed higher CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels and higher ratios between these Th2-associated chemokines and the Th1-associated chemokine CXCL10 than nonsensitized children without allergic symptoms. A pronounced Th2 deviation at birth, reflected by increased CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels, and increased CCL22/CXCL10 and CCL17/CXCL10 ratios might promote allergy development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina S Abelius
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 85, Sweden.
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