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Wang XL, Wang YX, Chen JZ, Liu XY, Liu X, Zhong QK, Zhao ZL, Shi ZD, Han CH. Clinical characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying bladder cancer in individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. BMC Urol 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38778291 PMCID: PMC11110351 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with spinal cord injury have a relatively high risk for bladder cancer and often complicated with bladder cancer in advanced stages, and the degree of aggressiveness of malignancy is high. Most of the literature is based on disease clinical features while, our study reviews the clinical characteristics and molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury patients with bladder cancer, so that it might help clinicians better recognize and manage these patients. METHOD We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, using retrieval type like ("Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction" OR "Spinal cord injury" OR "Spinal Cord Trauma") AND ("bladder cancer" OR "bladder neoplasm" OR "bladder carcinoma" OR "Urinary Bladder Neoplasms" OR "Bladder Tumor"). In Web of Science, the retrieval type was searched as "Topic", and in PubMed and Embase, as "All Field". The methodological quality of eligible studies and their risk of bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. This article is registered in PROSPERO with the CBD number: CRD42024508514. RESULT In WOS, we searched 219 related papers, in PubMed, 122 and in Embase, 363. Thus, a total of 254 articles were included after passing the screening, within a time range between 1960 and 2023. A comprehensive analysis of the data showed that the mortality and incidence rates of bladder cancer in spinal cord injury patients were higher than that of the general population, and the most frequent pathological type was squamous cell carcinoma. In parallel to long-term urinary tract infection and indwelling catheterization, the role of molecules such as NO, MiR 1949 and Rb 1. was found to be crucial pathogenetically. CONCLUSION This review highlights the risk of bladder cancer in SCI patients, comprehensively addressing the clinical characteristics and related molecular mechanisms. However, given that there are few studies on the molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer in spinal cord injury, further research is needed to expand the understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Kai Zhong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Lin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cancer Cell Therapy and Translational Medicine, Xuzhou City Engineering Research Center of Cancer Cell Therapy and Translational Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cancer Cell Therapy and Translational Medicine, Xuzhou City Engineering Research Center of Cancer Cell Therapy and Translational Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
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Prabhakara KS, Ganapathy K, Islam KN, Thyagarajan HM, Tiwari KK, Parimi RL, Rashid MB. Uncovering Novel Protein Partners of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Testis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 38672406 PMCID: PMC11048102 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxidative damage to human spermatozoa has been shown to be the primary cause of male infertility. The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in affecting sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction has been reported, too. The overproduction of NO by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could be responsible as it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. There have been many studies on regulating iNOS function in various tissues, especially by protein-protein interaction; however, no study has looked for iNOS-interacting proteins in the human testis. Here, we have reported the identification of two proteins that interact with iNOS. We initially undertook a popular yeast two-hybrid assay to screen a human testis cDNA library in yeast using an iNOS-peptide fragment (amino acids 181-335) as bait. We verified our data using the mammalian chemiluminescent co-IP method; first, employing the same peptide and, then, a full-length protein co-expressed in HEK293 cells in addition to the candidate protein. In both cases, these two protein partners of iNOS were revealed: (a) sperm acrosome-associated 7 protein and (b) retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik S. Prabhakara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kavya Ganapathy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kazi N. Islam
- Department of Agricultural Research and Development Program, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
| | - Hiran M. Thyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kirti K. Tiwari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Ramya L. Parimi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Mohammad B. Rashid
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
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Ramakrishnan P, Joshi A, Fazil M, Yadav P. A comprehensive review on therapeutic potentials of photobiomodulation for neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2024; 336:122334. [PMID: 38061535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of experimental trials over the past two centuries has put forth Photobiomodulation (PBM) as a treatment modality that utilizes colored lights for various conditions. While in its cradle, PBM was used for treating simple conditions such as burns and wounds, advancements in recent years have extended the use of PBM for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). PBM has exhibited the potential to curb several symptoms and signs associated with NDDs. While several of the currently used therapeutics cause adverse side effects alongside being highly invasive, PBM on the contrary, seems to be broad-acting, less toxic, and non-invasive. Despite being projected as an ideal therapeutic for NDDs, PBM still isn't considered a mainstream treatment modality due to some of the challenges and knowledge gaps associated with it. Here, we review the advantages of PBM summarized above with an emphasis on the common mechanisms that underlie major NDDs and how PBM helps tackle them. We also discuss important questions such as whether PBM should be considered a mainstay treatment modality for these conditions and if PBM's properties can be harnessed to develop prophylactic therapies for high-risk individuals and also highlight important animal studies that underscore the importance of PBM and the challenges associated with it. Overall, this review is intended to bring the major advances made in the field to the spotlight alongside addressing the practicalities and caveats to develop PBM as a major therapeutic for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ramakrishnan
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aradhana Joshi
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohamed Fazil
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Luo S, Ye D, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Xie L, Ji Y. Roles of Protein S-Nitrosylation in Endothelial Homeostasis and Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:186-205. [PMID: 37742108 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nitric oxide (NO) plays several distinct roles in endothelial homeostasis. Except for activating the guanylyl cyclase enzyme-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway, NO can bind reactive cysteine residues in target proteins, a process known as S-nitrosylation (SNO). SNO is proposed to explain the multiple biological functions of NO in the endothelium. Investigating the targets and mechanism of protein SNO in endothelial cells (ECs) can provide new strategies for treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. Recent Advances: In response to different environments, proteomics has identified multiple SNO targets in ECs. Functional studies confirm that SNO regulates NO bioavailability, inflammation, permeability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity in ECs. It also influences EC proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and transdifferentiation. Critical Issues: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of ECs isolated from different mouse tissues showed heterogeneous gene signatures. However, litter research focuses on the heterogeneous properties of SNO proteins in ECs derived from different tissues. Although metabolism reprogramming plays a vital role in endothelial functions, little is known about how protein SNO regulates metabolism reprogramming in ECs. Future Directions: Precisely deciphering the effects of protein SNO in ECs isolated from different tissues under different conditions is necessary to further characterize the relationship between protein SNO and endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. In addition, identifying SNO targets that can influence endothelial metabolic reprogramming and the underlying mechanism can offer new views on the crosstalk between metabolism and post-translational protein modification. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 186-205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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5
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Jha A, Larkin J, Moore E. SOCS1-KIR Peptide in PEGDA Hydrogels Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Activation. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300237. [PMID: 37337867 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages modulate the wound healing cascade by adopting different phenotypes such as pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-wound healing (M2). To reduce M1 activation, the JAK/STAT pathway can be targeted by using suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS1) proteins. Recently a peptide mimicking the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS1 has been utilized to manipulate the adaptive immune response. However, the utilization of SOCS1-KIR to reduce pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages is yet to be investigated in a biomaterial formulation. This study introduces a PEGDA hydrogel platform to investigate SOCS1-KIR as a macrophage phenotype manipulating peptide. Immunocytochemistry, cytokine secretion assays, and gene expression analysis for pro-inflammatory macrophage markers in 2D and 3D experiments demonstrate a reduction in M1 activation due to SOCS1-KIR treatment. The retention of SOCS1-KIR in the hydrogel through release assays and diffusion tests is demonstrated. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel also remains unaffected with the entrapment of SOCS1-KIR. This study elucidates how SOCS1-KIR peptide in PEGDA hydrogels can be utilized as an effective therapeutic for macrophage manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Jha
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Erika Moore
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Sedik AA, Hassan A, Saleh DO. Neuromodulatory role of L-arginine: nitric oxide precursor against thioacetamide-induced-hepatic encephalopathy in rats via downregulation of NF-κB-mediated apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84791-84804. [PMID: 37378730 PMCID: PMC10359237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of arginine (ARG), a nitric oxide (NO) precursor, on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in rats by injection of TAA (100 mg/kg, i.p) three times per week for six consecutive weeks. TAA-injected rats were administered ARG (100 mg/kg; p.o.) concurrently with TAA for the six consecutive weeks. Blood samples were withdrawn, and rats were sacrificed; liver and brain tissues were isolated. Results of the present study demonstrated that ARG administration to TAA-injected rats revealed a restoration in the serum and brain ammonia levels as well as serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin levels as well as behavioral alterations evidenced by restoration in locomotor activity, motor skill performance, and memory impairment. ARG showed also improvement in the hepatic and neuro-biochemical values, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers. All these results were confirmed by histopathological evaluation as well as ultrastructural imaging of the cerebellum using a transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, treatment with ARG could ameliorate the immunological reactivity of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cleaved caspase-3 proteins in the cerebellum and hepatic tissues. From all the previous results, it can be fulfilled that ARG showed a beneficial role in modulating the adverse complications associated with TAA-induced HE in rats via reducing hyperammonemia and downregulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Sedik
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia O Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang G, Sun Y, Yang Q, Dai D, Zhang L, Fan H, Zhang W, Dong J, Zhao P. Liensinine, a alkaloid from lotus plumule, mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy through modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-mediated inflammatory biomarkers and mitochondria apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113813. [PMID: 37150347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the role of liensinine in life-threatened sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) mice and the underlying mechanism. Here, seventy-two mice were divided into six groups, including the control group, SAE group, liensinine-treated group, and three doses of liensinine-treated SAE groups. Lipopolysaccharide triggered cerebrum necrosis and disrupted the integrity and permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB). While liensinine restored cerebrum structure and improved BBB integrity with upregulated tight junction proteins, decreased evans blue leakage and fibrinogen expression with decreased matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 in serum, thereby reducing BBB permeability. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide triggered cerebrum oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas liensinine enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities and weakened malondialdehyde through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor. Meanwhile, liensinine inhibited inflammation by activating inducible nitric oxide synthase. Tunel staining combined with transmission electron microscope indicated that lipopolysaccharide induced cerebrum apoptosis, whereas liensinine blocked apoptosis through decreasing B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X (Bax) expression and cytochrome C (Cyto-c) release, increasing B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression, blocking apoptosome assembly, inhibiting caspase-3 activation, thereby suppressing intrinsic mitochondria apoptosis. Recovering of inflammatory homeostasis and inhibition of mitochondria apoptosis by liensinine ultimately restored cognitive function in SAE mice. Altogether, liensinine attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced SAE via modulation of Nrf2-mediated inflammatory biomarkers and mitochondria apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Dapeng Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
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Fahrni G, Rocha AC, Gudmundsson L, Pozzessere C, Qanadli SD, Rotzinger DC. Impact of COVID-19 pneumonia on pulmonary vascular volume. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1117151. [PMID: 37035332 PMCID: PMC10073514 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1117151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia are well known. However, COVID-19 is also associated with a range of vascular manifestations such as embolism, congestion, and perfusion changes. Regarding congestion, research from different groups has suggested arteriovenous anastomosis dysregulation as a contributing factor. In this study, we aim to better describe the changes in vascular volume in affected lung zones and to relate them to pathophysiological hypotheses. Methods We performed automatic vascular volume extraction in 10 chest CTs of patients, including 2 female and 8 male with a mean age of 63.5 ± 9.3 years, diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. We compared the proportion of vascular volumes between manually segmented regions of lung parenchyma with and without signs of pneumonia. Results The proportion of vascular volume was significantly higher in COVID (CVasc) compared to non-COVID (NCVasc) areas. We found a mean difference (DVasc) of 5% and a mean ratio (RVasc) of 3.7 between the two compartments (p < 0.01). Conclusion Vascular volume in COVID-19 affected lung parenchyma is augmented relative to normal lung parenchyma, indicating venous congestion and supporting the hypothesis of pre-existing intra-pulmonary arteriovenous shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fahrni
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Division, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Carolina Rocha
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Division, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Louis Gudmundsson
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Division, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Pozzessere
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Division, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salah D. Qanadli
- Riviera Chablais Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David C. Rotzinger
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Division, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wani MY, Ganie NA, Wani DM, Wani AW, Dar SQ, Khan AH, A Khan N, Manzar MS, Dehghani MH. The phenolic components extracted from mulberry fruits as bioactive compounds against cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1136-1152. [PMID: 36592613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, mulberry has long been used to treat various infectious and internal ailments as a traditional medication. The compounds found in it have the potential to improve human health. Because there is no approved and defined evaluation procedure, it has not been formally or scientifically recognized. As a result of these investigations, a new frontier in traditional Chinese medicine has opened up, with the possibility of modernization, for the interaction between active components of mulberry and their biological activities. These studies have used current biotechnological technologies. For ages, mulberry has been used as an herbal remedy in Asia to cure various diseases and internal disorders. It has a high concentration of bioactive chemicals that benefit human health. The most abundant phenolic components extracted from white mulberry leaves are flavonoids (Kuwanons, Moracinflavans, Moragrols, and Morkotins), phenolic acids, alkaloids, and so forth. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones, and alkaloids have been discovered to have cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. There is growing evidence that mulberry fruits can potentially prevent cancer and other aging-related disorders due to their high concentration of bioactive polyphenolic-rich compounds and macro and micronutrients. Anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed after eating, arriving in the plasmalemma within 15-50 min and entirely removed after 6-8 hr. Due to a lack of an approved and consistent technique for its examination, it has yet to be formally or scientifically recognized. The mulberry plant is commercially grown for silkworm rearing, and less attention is paid to its bioactive molecules, which have a lot of applications in human health. This review paper discusses the phenolic compounds of white mulberry and black mulberry in detail concerning their role in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Younus Wani
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - N A Ganie
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - D M Wani
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - S Q Dar
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, Mewat Engineering College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Saood Manzar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Son SU, Choi EH, Shin KS. Effects of rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from Curcuma longa on immunostimulatory and intracellular signaling pathway mechanisms of macrophages. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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11
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Small molecule inhibiting microglial nitric oxide release could become a potential treatment for neuroinflammation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278325. [PMID: 36745631 PMCID: PMC9901772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and react to pathologic events with a complex process including the release of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a free radical, which is toxic for all cells at high concentrations. To target an exaggerated NO release, we tested a library of 16 544 chemical compounds for their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO release in cell line and primary neonatal microglia. We identified a compound (C1) which significantly reduced NO release in a dose-dependent manner, with a low IC50 (252 nM) and no toxic side effects in vitro or in vivo. Target finding strategies such as in silico modelling and mass spectroscopy hint towards a direct interaction between C1 and the nitric oxide synthase making C1 a great candidate for specific intra-cellular interaction with the NO producing machinery.
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12
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101735. [PMID: 36298601 PMCID: PMC9609844 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogen RHS) on innate immunity. The importance of these species in innate immunity was first recognized in phagocytes that underwent a “respiratory burst” after activation. The anion superoxide •O2− and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 are detrimental to the microbial population. NADPH oxidase NOx, as an •O2− producer is essential for microbial destruction, and patients lacking this functional oxidase are more susceptible to microbial infections. Reactive nitrogen species RNS (the most important are nitric oxide radical -•NO, peroxynitrite ONOO— and its derivatives), are also harmful to microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Hypochlorous acid HOCl and hypothiocyanous acid HOSCN synthesized through the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, which catalyzes the reaction between H2O2 and Cl− or SCN−, are important inorganic bactericidal molecules, effective against a wide range of microbes. This review also discusses the role of antimicrobial peptides AMPs and their induction of ROS. In summary, reactive species RS are the heart of the innate immune system, and they are necessary for microbial lysis in infections that can affect mammals throughout their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Nakatake R, Schulz M, Kalvelage C, Benstoem C, Tolba RH. Effects of iNOS in Hepatic Warm Ischaemia and Reperfusion Models in Mice and Rats: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911916. [PMID: 36233220 PMCID: PMC9569681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Warm ischaemia is usually induced by the Pringle manoeuver (PM) during hepatectomy. Currently, there is no widely accepted standard protocol to minimise ischaemia-related injury, so reducing ischaemia-reperfusion damage is an active area of research. This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an early inflammatory response to hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) in mouse- and rat-liver models. A systematic search of studies was performed within three databases. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to qualitative and quantitative synthesis of results. We performed a meta-analysis of studies grouped by different HIRI models and ischaemia times. Additionally, we investigated a possible correlation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) regulation with iNOS expression. Of 124 included studies, 49 were eligible for the meta-analysis, revealing that iNOS was upregulated in almost all HIRIs. We were able to show an increase of iNOS regardless of ischemia or reperfusion time. Additionally, we found no direct associations of eNOS or NO with iNOS. A sex gap of primarily male experimental animals used was observed, leading to a higher risk of outcomes not being translatable to humans of all sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richi Nakatake
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Mareike Schulz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Kalvelage
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Benstoem
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - René H. Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Lim JW, Son HY, Huh YM, Haam S. Cationic poly(amino acid) surface functionalized manganese nanoparticles for nitric oxide-based immunotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5402-5409. [PMID: 35775434 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The low therapeutic efficacy of conventional cancer chemotherapy has been associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which display an M2-like phenotype, are abundant in many tumors and facilitate tumor growth and resistance to therapy. Here, we show that poly(L-arginine) (PLR), a cationic poly(amino acid) can induce the polarization of macrophages into the tumor-suppressive M1 phenotype, in vitro. Further, we demonstrate that hyaluronic acid (HA) and PLR-coated manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles (hpMNPs) display efficient anti-cancer effects by upregulating nitric oxide (NO) production. Surface modification with biocompatible HA reduced the cytotoxicity of the cationic PLR. Additionally, manganese ions released from these nanoparticles by the high concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in the TME increased iNOS expression level in macrophages and enhanced the performance of T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Particularly, our results illustrate the therapeutic effects, such as growth inhibition and apoptosis of tumor cells, of hpMNP treated macrophages. Therefore, the newly designed multifunctional PLR-assisted MNPs may facilitate the polarization of M2 macrophages into the M1 phenotype, which can mediate NO-dependent anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Son SU, Lee SJ, Shin KS. Immunostimulating and intracellular signaling pathways mechanism on macrophage of rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from radish leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:506-514. [PMID: 35843395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the intracellular signaling pathways involved in macrophage activation through the RG-I-type polysaccharide (REP-I) purified from radish leaves were elucidated. The gene expression and secretion of immune-related factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitrogen oxide (NO) from macrophages were enhanced by the addition of REP-I. Moreover, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry analyses indicated that REP-I dose-dependently phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. An investigation using different inhibitors revealed that the effect of REP-I on NO secretion was mostly promoted by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-6 was mostly induced via extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and NF-κB. TNF-α secretion was mostly induced via NF-κB. In contrast, an investigation using anti-pattern recognition receptor (PRR) antibodies revealed that the effect of REP-I on the secretion of NO was mostly related with dectin-1, scavenger receptor (SR), toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, CD14, and CD11b. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-6 was mostly involved with SR, and the secretion of TNF-α was mostly relevance to TLR2. In conclusion, it is affirmed that immunostimulatory activation of macrophage of REP-I purified from radish leaves was deeply associated with several PRR and phosphorylating MAPK and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Irigenin, a novel lead from Iris confusa for management of Helicobacter pylori infection with selective COX-2 and HpIMPDH inhibitory potential. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11457. [PMID: 35794127 PMCID: PMC9259591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new natural drugs for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) management has recently received significant attention. Iris confusa (I. confusa) was long used for the treatment of bacterial infections and gastritis. This study aimed at evaluating its effect on management of H. pylori infection and exploring its bioactive metabolites. The inhibitory potential of the polar (PF), non-polar (NPF) fractions and the isolated compounds against H. pylori using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in addition to their cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities were assessed. The most biologically active compound was tested for its selective H. pylori inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (HpIMPDH) inhibitory potential. Chromatographic purification of PF and NPF allowed isolation of tectoridin, orientin, irigenin, tectorigenin, isoarborinol and stigmasterol. The PF exhibited significant anti-H. pylori (MIC 62.50 µg/mL), COX-1, COX-2 (IC50 of 112.08 ± 0.60 and 47.90 ± 1.50 µg/mL respectively, selectivity index SI of 2.34), and NO (IC50 47.80 ± 0.89 µg/mL) inhibitory activities, while irigenin was the most potent isolated compound. Irigenin was found to have a promising activity against HpIMPDH enzyme (IC50 of 2.07 ± 1.90 μM) with low activity against human hIMPDH2 (IC50 > 10 μM) than clarithromycin, assuring its selectivity. Overall, I. confusa and its isolated compounds may serve as a potential source of plant-based drugs for H. pylori control. This study scientifically validated the claimed anti-bacterial activity of I. confusa and revealed irigenin potential as a novel lead exhibiting anti H. pylori activity in a first record.
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17
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An Evidence-Based Review of Application Devices for Nitric Oxide Concentration Determination from Exhaled Air in the Diagnosis of Inflammation and Treatment Monitoring. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134279. [PMID: 35807523 PMCID: PMC9268246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is used in diagnostics and monitoring the pathologies not only in the respiratory system but also in the oral cavity. It has shown a huge increase in its level in asthma and diseases of the oral cavity. It seems reasonable to undertake research on the impact of inflammation on the level of NO in exhaled air. The aim of the study is to make an evidence-based review of the application of NO levels in exhaled air in the diagnosis of inflammation and treatment monitoring on the basis of selected measuring devices. Methods and Results: This paper presents an example of the application of NO measurement in exhaled air in individual human systems. Selected measuring devices, their non-invasiveness, and their advantages are described. Discussion: The usefulness of this diagnostic method in pathologies of the oral cavity was noted. Conclusions: Measuring the level of NO in exhaled air seems to be a useful diagnostic method.
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18
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Lee HR, Sung JH. Multi-Organ-on-a-Chip for Realization of Gut-Skin Axis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2590-2601. [PMID: 35750599 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The concept of physiological link between the gut and the skin, known as the gut-skin axis, has been gaining more evidence recently. Although experimental data from animal and human studies support the existence of the gut-skin axis, in vitro model platforms that can test the hypothesis are lacking. Organ-on-a-chip offers the possibility of connecting different tissues and recapitulating interactions between them. In this study, we report a multi-organ chip that can capture the basic inter-organ communication between the gut and the skin. Its modular design enables separate culture and differentiation of the gut and skin tissues, and after assembly the two organs are connected via microfluidic channels than enables perfusion and mass transfer. We showed that the impairment of the gut barrier function exacerbated the adverse effect of fatty acids on skin cells, with decreased viability, increased level of cytokine secretion and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2), an inflammatory dermal disease marker. Based on these results, we believe that our multi-organ chip can be a novel in vitro platform for recapitulating complex mechanisms underlying the gut-skin axis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ri Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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20
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Li P, Xu Y, Cao Y, Ding Z. Polypeptides Isolated from Lactococcus lactis Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in Ctenopharyngodon idella. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126733. [PMID: 35743169 PMCID: PMC9224536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Lactococcus lactis BL52 and isolate active substances responsible for anti-inflammatory activity. Head-kidney (HK) macrophages were used for in vitro bioassay-guided isolation, and the structure of the two peptides was identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in Ctenopharyngodon idella were also examined to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of active substances. Two active peptides were isolated by HPLC from L. lactis BL52, and an in vitro anti-inflammatory assay demonstrated that peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and inflammatory factors NO and PGE 2 production in macrophages (p < 0.05). After being treated with 20 mg/Kg peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO, and PGE 2 were significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). Results from the in vivo test showed that when the concentration of peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 reached 30 mg/Kg, the LPS-induced upregulations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO, and PGE 2 were prevented. In addition, peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 blocked the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and then suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and degradation inhibitor of IκBα. Moreover, C. idella treated with peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 can relieve pathological inflammatory responses caused by LPS. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 might be a result from the inhibition of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expressions through the downregulation of Toll2/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Institute for Fishery Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524000, China;
| | - Youqing Xu
- Institute for Fishery Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: or (Y.X.); or (Z.D.)
| | - Yupo Cao
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524000, China;
| | - Zhaokun Ding
- Institute for Fishery Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: or (Y.X.); or (Z.D.)
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21
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Ethanol Extract of Sargassum siliquastrum Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Generation by Downregulating the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6160010. [PMID: 35722164 PMCID: PMC9205721 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum siliquastrum (SS) is an edible brown seaweed widely consumed in Korea and considered a functional food source. Previous studies have reported various biological activities of SS extracts, including antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the SS extract and assessed the underlying mechanism of action. The SS extract significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner (% of NO production at 500 μg/mL: 60.1 ± 0.9%), with no obvious toxicity. Furthermore, the SS extract inhibited mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase, as well as LPS-induced expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α (IL-6 production (ng/mL) : LPS−: 0.7 ± 0.3; LPS+: 68.1 ± 2.8; LPS + SS extract: 51.9 ± 1.2; TNF-α production (ng/mL) : LPS−: 0.3 ± 0.1; LPS+: 23.0 ± 0.1; LPS + SS extract: 18.2 ± 10.8). Mechanistically, the SS extract attenuated LPS-induced activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB) signaling pathway such as phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and degradation of IκB-α, thereby blocking LPS-induced activation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. The SS extract also enhanced LPS-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuated LPS-induced cellular reactive oxygen species production (% of ROS production at 500 μg/mL: 52.2 ± 1.3%). Collectively, these findings suggest that the SS extract elicits anti-inflammatory effects in mouse macrophage cells.
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22
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Chen M, Liang J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhou C, Hong P, Zhang Y, Qian ZJ. A new benzaldehyde from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus C23-3 and its anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of MAPK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:230-240. [PMID: 35261218 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Marine fungi are important members of the marine microbiome, which have been paid growing attention by scientists in recent years. The secondary metabolites of marine fungi have been reported to contain rich and diverse compounds with novel structures (Chen et al., 2019). Aspergillus terreus, the higher level marine fungus of the Aspergillus genus (family of Trichocomaceae, order of Eurotiales, class of Eurotiomycetes, phylum of Ascomycota), is widely distributed in both sea and land. In our previous study, the coral-derived A. terreus strain C23-3 exhibited potential in producing other biologically active (with antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activity) compounds like arylbutyrolactones, territrems, and isoflavones, and high sensitivity to the chemical regulation of secondary metabolism (Yang et al., 2019, 2020; Nie et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2021). Moreover, we have isolated two different benzaldehydes, including a benzaldehyde with a novel structure, from A. terreus C23-3 which was derived from Pectinia paeonia of Xuwen, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Jinyue Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yayue Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China. , .,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China. , .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China. ,
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23
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Exhaled Nitric Oxide Level in Pharynx Angioedema. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030637. [PMID: 35160089 PMCID: PMC8836686 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is related to increased nitric oxide production. It can be assessed noninvasively with exhaled nitric oxide measurement. As airway inflammation was supposed to be present in chronic urticaria and angioedema patients we hypothesized increased exhaled nitric oxide in this group. Twenty-six symptomatic chronic urticaria patients with an acute episode of pharynx angioedema (17 women and 9 men, median age 35) were included in the study group. None of the patients reported a history of asthma, allergic rhinitis or cigarette smoking. The control group consisted of 29 non-smoking healthy subjects (19 women and 10 men, median age 22) without any history of atopy. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement was performed in all subjects. Exhaled nitric oxide levels in the angioedema group did not differ statistically significantly from those detected in healthy subjects (15.5 ppb and 17.0 ppb respectively). Our results indicate the lack of airway inflammation in chronic urticaria patients with pharynx angioedema.
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24
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Goh YX, Jalil J, Lam KW, Husain K, Premakumar CM. Genistein: A Review on its Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820969. [PMID: 35140617 PMCID: PMC8818956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, non-resolving inflammation is becoming a major trigger in various diseases as it plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, asthma, cancer, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurodegenerative disease, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, prolonged use of anti-inflammatory drugs is usually accompanied with undesirable effects and hence more patients tend to seek for natural compounds as alternative medicine. Considering the fact above, there is an urgency to discover and develop potential novel, safe and efficacious natural compounds as drug candidates for future anti-inflammatory therapy. Genistein belongs to the flavonoid family, in the subgroup of isoflavones. It is a phytoestrogen that is mainly derived from legumes. It is a naturally occurring chemical constituent with a similar chemical structure to mammalian estrogens. It is claimed to exert many beneficial effects on health, such as protection against osteoporosis, reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease, alleviation of postmenopausal symptoms and anticancer properties. In the past, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of genistein. Henceforth, this review aims to summarize the anti-inflammatory properties of genistein linking with the signaling pathways and mediators that are involved in the inflammatory response as well as its toxicity profile. The current outcomes are analysed to highlight the prospect as a lead compound for drug discovery. Data was collected using PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Scopus databases. Results showed that genistein possessed strong anti-inflammatory activities through inhibition of various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), prostaglandins (PGs), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). A comprehensive assessment of the mechanism of action in anti-inflammatory effects of genistein is included. However, evidence for the pharmacological effects is still lacking. Further studies using various animal models to assess pharmacological effects such as toxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and bioavailability studies are required before clinical studies can be conducted. This review will highlight the potential use of genistein as a lead compound for future drug development as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xian Goh
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Juriyati Jalil,
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandini Menon Premakumar
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Singh V, Kumar Y, Shankar M, Das B, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Vancomycin-Induced Modulation of Gram-Positive Gut Bacteria and Metabolites Remediates Insulin Resistance in iNOS Knockout Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:795333. [PMID: 35127558 PMCID: PMC8807491 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.795333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress has been implied in both physiology and pathophysiology of metabolic disorders. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has emerged as a crucial regulator of host metabolism and gut microbiota activity. The present study examines the role of the gut microbiome in determining host metabolic functions in the absence of iNOS. Insulin-resistant and dyslipidemic iNOS-/- mice displayed reduced microbial diversity, with a higher relative abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium, gram-positive bacteria, and altered serum metabolites along with metabolic dysregulation. Vancomycin, which largely depletes gram-positive bacteria, reversed the insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and related metabolic anomalies in iNOS-/- mice. Such improvements in metabolic markers were accompanied by alterations in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue, lipid uptake in adipose tissue, and lipid efflux in the liver and intestine tissue. The rescue of IR in vancomycin-treated iNOS-/- mice was accompanied with the changes in select serum metabolites such as 10-hydroxydecanoate, indole-3-ethanol, allantoin, hippurate, sebacic acid, aminoadipate, and ophthalmate, along with improvement in phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine (PE/PC) ratio. In the present study, we demonstrate that vancomycin-mediated depletion of gram-positive bacteria in iNOS-/- mice reversed the metabolic perturbations, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Manoharan Shankar
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Laurent D, Small C, Lucke-Wold B, Dodd WS, Chalouhi N, Hu YC, Hosaka K, Motwani K, Martinez M, Polifka A, Koch M, Busl KM, Maciel CB, Hoh B. Understanding the genetics of intracranial aneurysms: A primer. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 212:107060. [PMID: 34863053 PMCID: PMC10116189 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The genetics of intracranial aneurysms is complex. Much work has been done looking at the extracellular matrix surrounding cerebral vasculature as well as the role of matrix metalloproteinases. This comprehensive review summarizes what is known to date about the important genetic components that predispose to aneurysm formation and critically discusses the published findings. We discuss promising pre-clinical models of aneurysm formation and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and highlight avenues for future discovery, while considering limitations in the research to date. This review will further serve as a comprehensive reference guide to understand the genetic underpinnings for aneurysm pathophysiology and act as a primer for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Laurent
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States.
| | - Coulter Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - William S Dodd
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Nohra Chalouhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Yin C Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Koji Hosaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Kartik Motwani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Melanie Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Adam Polifka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Matthew Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Katharina M Busl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Carolina B Maciel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Brian Hoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States.
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Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Kumar Y, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia and Serum Metabolome in iNOS Knockout Mice following Treatment with Nitrite, Metformin, Pioglitazone, and a Combination of Ampicillin and Neomycin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:195. [PMID: 35008623 PMCID: PMC8745663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress plays a pivotal role in the incidence of metabolic disorders. Studies from this lab and others in iNOS-/- mice have demonstrated occurrence of insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia highlighting the importance of optimal redox balance. The present study evaluates role of nitrite, L-arginine, antidiabetics (metformin, pioglitazone) and antibiotics (ampicillin-neomycin combination, metronidazole) on metabolic perturbations observed in iNOS-/- mice. The animals were monitored for glucose tolerance (IPGTT), IR (insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI), circulating lipids and serum metabolomics (LC-MS). Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and IR were rescued by nitrite, antidiabetics, and antibiotics treatments in iNOS-/- mice. Glucose intolerance was improved with nitrite, metformin and pioglitazone treatment, while ampicillin-neomycin combination normalised the glucose utilization in iNOS-/- mice. Increased serum phosphatidylethanolamine lipids in iNOS-/- mice were reversed by metformin, pioglitazone and ampicillin-neomycin; dyslipidemia was however marginally improved by nitrite treatment. The metabolic improvements were associated with changes in selected serum metabolites-purines, ceramide, 10-hydroxydecanoate, glucosaminate, diosmetin, sebacic acid, 3-nitrotyrosine and cysteamine. Bacterial metabolites-hippurate, indole-3-ethanol; IR marker-aminoadipate and oxidative stress marker-ophthalmate were reduced by pioglitazone and ampicillin-neomycin, but not by nitrite and metformin treatment. Results obtained in the present study suggest a crucial role of gut microbiota in the metabolic perturbations observed in iNOS-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (H.A.); (P.P.); (K.J.)
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (H.A.); (P.P.); (K.J.)
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, India;
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (H.A.); (P.P.); (K.J.)
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (H.A.); (P.P.); (K.J.)
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, India;
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Bioactive Diterpenes, Norditerpenes, and Sesquiterpenes from a Formosan Soft Coral Cespitularia sp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121252. [PMID: 34959653 PMCID: PMC8708085 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the soft coral Cespitularia sp. led to the discovery of twelve new verticillane-type diterpenes and norditerpenes: cespitulins H–O (1–8), one cyclic diterpenoidal amide cespitulactam L (9), norditerpenes cespitulin P (10), cespitulins Q and R (11 and 12), four new sesquiterpenes: cespilins A–C (13–15) and cespitulolide (16), along with twelve known metabolites. The structures of these metabolites were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR experiments. Anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were studied by evaluating the suppression of pro-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, and the inhibition of the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in lipopolysaccharide-induced dendritic cells. A number of these metabolites were found to exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activities.
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Chen YF, Yu SF, Wu CY, Wu N, Shen J, Shen J, Gao JM, Wen YZ, Hide G, Lai DH, Lun ZR. Innate Resistance to Leishmania amazonensis Infection in Rat Is Dependent on NOS2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:733286. [PMID: 34777283 PMCID: PMC8586549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.733286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infection causes diverse clinical manifestations in humans. The disease outcome is complicated by the combination of many host and parasite factors. Inbred mouse strains vary in resistance to Leishmania major but are highly susceptible to Leishmania amazonensis infection. However, rats are highly resistant to L. amazonensis infection due to unknown mechanisms. We use the inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) gene knockout rat model (Nos2−/− rat) to investigate the role of NOS2 against leishmania infection in rats. Our results demonstrated that diversion toward the NOS2 pathway is the key factor explaining the resistance of rats against L. amazonensis infection. Rats deficient in NOS2 are susceptible to L. amazonensis infection even though their immune response to infection is still strong. Moreover, adoptive transfer of NOS2 competent macrophages into Nos2−/− rats significantly reduced disease development and parasite load. Thus, we conclude that the distinct L-arginine metabolism, observed in rat macrophages, is the basis of the strong innate resistance to Leishmania. These data highlight that macrophages from different hosts possess distinctive properties and produce different outcomes in innate immunity to Leishmania infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Fei Yu
- Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-You Wu
- Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Institute of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Mei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Zi Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - De-Hua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Barnabei L, Laplantine E, Mbongo W, Rieux-Laucat F, Weil R. NF-κB: At the Borders of Autoimmunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716469. [PMID: 34434197 PMCID: PMC8381650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this review, we discuss the NF-κB inducers, signaling pathways, and regulators involved in immune homeostasis as well as detail the importance of post-translational regulation by ubiquitination in NF-κB function. We also indicate the stages of central and peripheral tolerance where NF-κB plays a fundamental role. With respect to central tolerance, we detail how NF-κB regulates medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) development, homeostasis, and function. Moreover, we elaborate on its role in the migration of double-positive (DP) thymocytes from the thymic cortex to the medulla. With respect to peripheral tolerance, we outline how NF-κB contributes to the inactivation and destruction of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes as well as the differentiation of CD4+-T cell subsets that are implicated in immune tolerance. In the latter half of the review, we describe the contribution of NF-κB to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The recent discovery of mutations involving components of the pathway has both deepened our understanding of autoimmune disease and informed new therapeutic approaches to treat these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barnabei
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - William Mbongo
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
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Banerjee O, Singh S, Prasad SK, Ray D, Banerjee M, Pal S, Kundu S, Maji BK, Mukherjee S. Dichlorophene activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) to mediate splenotoxicity in rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2311-2318. [PMID: 34107835 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1935435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dichlorophene (DCP) is a halogenated phenolic compound, widely used as fungicide, bactericide and antiprotozoan and also exhibit therapeutic application in several pathological conditions. Taking account of broad use of DCP, its possible effect on spleen (an important immune organ) was investigated in this study. Male albino rats were treated with graded doses of DCP (10%, 20% and 30% of LD50) and spleen and blood were obtained at 24, 48 and 72 hours post treatment. Oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokines and protein expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indoleamine-2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were measured along with histopathological evaluation of spleen. In the present study, DCP perturbs redox status of splenocytes of rats as evidenced by excess ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production simultaneously with reduction of antioxidant level [glutathione (GSH)] and inhibition of antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)]. Two important proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α were found to be elevated upon DCP treatment. Moreover, DCP also caused activation of AhR and IDO1 with simultaneous down regulation of Nrf2. All these effects of DCP were found to be dose and duration dependent. DCP also affects the spleen micro-architecture in the present study and these alterations were more prominent in high dose group at 72 hours post treatment. Taken together, all these results suggested that DCP induces oxidative stress and also increases proinflammatory cytokine levels to mount its toxic effect on spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, India
| | | | | | - Dibyendu Ray
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, India
| | | | - Swagata Pal
- Department of Physiology, Raja Peary Mohan College, Hooghly, India
| | - Sudipta Kundu
- Department of Physiology, Kalka Dental College, Meerut, India
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Arthur S, Palaniappan B, Afroz S, Sundaram U. Unique Regulation of Coupled NaCl Absorption by Inducible Nitric Oxide in a Spontaneous SAMP1/YitFc Mouse Model of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1804-1812. [PMID: 34019094 PMCID: PMC8528149 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In the small intestine, Na:H (NHE3) and Cl:HCO3 (DRA or PAT1) exchangers present in the brush border membrane (BBM) of absorptive villus cells are primarily responsible for the coupled absorption of NaCl, the malabsorption of which causes diarrhea, a common symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inducible nitric oxide (iNO), a known mediator of inflammation, is increased in the mucosa of the chronically inflamed IBD intestine. An SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP1) mouse, a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis very similar to human IBD, was used to study alterations in NaCl absorption. The SAMP1 and control AKR mice were treated with I-N(6)-(1-Iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL) to inhibit iNO production, and DRA/PAT1 and NHE3 activities and protein expression were studied. Though Na:H exchange activity was unaffected, Cl:HCO3 activity was significantly decreased in SAMP1 mice due to a reduction in its affinity for Cl, which was reversed by L-NIL treatment. Though DRA and PAT1 expressions were unchanged in all experimental conditions, phosphorylation studies indicated that DRA, not PAT1, is affected in SAMP1. Moreover, the altered phosphorylation levels of DRA was restored by L-NIL treatment. Inducible NO mediates the inhibition of coupled NaCl absorption by decreasing Cl:HCO3 but not Na:H exchange. Specifically, Cl:HCO3 exchanger DRA but not PAT1 is regulated at the level of its phosphorylation by iNO in the chronically inflamed intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States
| | - Balasubramanian Palaniappan
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States
| | - Sheuli Afroz
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States,Address correspondence to: Uma Sundaram, MD, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, United States. E-mail:
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Lisi F, Zelikin AN, Chandrawati R. Nitric Oxide to Fight Viral Infections. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003895. [PMID: 33850691 PMCID: PMC7995026 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has quickly and deeply affected the world, with over 60 million confirmed cases. There has been a great effort worldwide to contain the virus and to search for an effective treatment for patients who become critically ill with COVID-19. A promising therapeutic compound currently undergoing clinical trials for COVID-19 is nitric oxide (NO), which is a free radical that has been previously reported to inhibit the replication of several DNA and RNA viruses, including coronaviruses. Although NO has potent antiviral activity, it has a complex role in the immunological host responses to viral infections, i.e., it can be essential for pathogen control or detrimental for the host, depending on its concentration and the type of virus. In this Essay, the antiviral role of NO against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and other human viruses is highlighted, current development of NO-based therapies used in the clinic is summarized, existing challenges are discussed and possible further developments of NO to fight viral infections are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lisi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CenterAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)SydneyNSW2052Australia
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Mavaddatiyan L, Khezri S, Abtahi Froushani SM. Molecular effects of curcumin on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:47-52. [PMID: 33953873 PMCID: PMC8094149 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.98789.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies have shown that myelin degradation during MS and EAE resulted in reduced expression of some of the proteins, e.g., the MBP (myelin basic protein), and increased expression of genes such as iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase) and NOGO-A in the affected patients. In the present study, EAE was induced by immunizing Wistar rats (n=12) with homogenized spinal cord of guinea pig and Freund's complete adjuvant. Curcumin is an active ingredient in turmeric with anti-inflammatory properties, which has been studied in this article. In this study, the effect of curcumin administration on the change of the expression of MBP, NOGO-A, and iNOS genes was evaluated using the RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) technique. The obtained results indicated it could be concluded that curcumin was able to improve EAE by increasing the amount of MBP gene expression and reducing the intensity of NOGO-A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Mavaddatiyan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Khezri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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35
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Mintz J, Vedenko A, Rosete O, Shah K, Goldstein G, Hare JM, Ramasamy R, Arora H. Current Advances of Nitric Oxide in Cancer and Anticancer Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:94. [PMID: 33513777 PMCID: PMC7912608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatment. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that both pro- and antitumorigenic effects of NO depend on multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, the presence or absence of NO transduction elements, and the tumor microenvironment. Generally, there are four major categories of NO-based anticancer therapies: NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-i), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators, and immunomodulators. Of these, NO donors are well studied, well characterized, and also the most promising. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mintz
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Anastasia Vedenko
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Omar Rosete
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Khushi Shah
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Gabriella Goldstein
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Abstract
Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is the key second messenger molecule in nitric oxide signaling. Its rapid generation and fate, but also its role in mediating acute cellular functions has been extensively studied. In the past years, genetic studies suggested an important role for cGMP in affecting the risk of chronic cardiovascular diseases, for example, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Here, we review the role of cGMP in atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases and discuss recent genetic findings and identified mechanisms. Finally, we highlight open questions and promising research topics.
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Xin YJ, Choi S, Roh KB, Cho E, Ji H, Weon JB, Park D, Whang WK, Jung E. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Isookanin, Isolated by Bioassay-Guided Fractionation from Bidens pilosa L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020255. [PMID: 33419109 PMCID: PMC7825412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) has been used historically in traditional Asian medicine and is known to have a variety of biological effects. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of Bidens pilosa L. (B. pilosa) extract have not yet been made clear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals obtained from B. pilosa. We isolated a flavonoids-type phytochemical, isookanin, from B. pilosa through bioassay-guided fractionation based on its capacity to inhibit inflammation. Some of isookanin’s biological properties have been reported; however, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of isookanin has not yet been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of isookanin using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We have shown that isookanin reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2) by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Isookanin also inhibited the expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and downregulated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in the MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, isookanin inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) in LPS-induced THP-1 cells. These results demonstrate that isookanin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Xin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Soojung Choi
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Kyung-Baeg Roh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Hyanggi Ji
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Jin Bae Weon
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.K.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.K.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
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Human Nitric Oxide Synthase-Its Functions, Polymorphisms, and Inhibitors in the Context of Inflammation, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010056. [PMID: 33374571 PMCID: PMC7793075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In various diseases, there is an increased production of the free radicals needed to carry out certain physiological processes but their excessive amounts can cause oxidative stress and cell damage. Enzymes play a major role in the transformations associated with free radicals. One of them is nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO). This enzyme exists in three forms (NOS1, NOS2, NOS3), each encoded by a different gene. The following work presents the most important information on the NOS isoforms and their role in the human body, including NO synthesis in various tissues and cells, intercellular signaling and activities supporting the immune system and regulating blood vessel functions. The role of NOS in pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease is considered. Attention is also paid to the influence of the polymorphisms of these genes, encoding particular isoforms, on the development of these pathologies and the role of NOS inhibitors in the treatment of patients.
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Anti-Inflammatory Flavonolignans from Triticum aestivum Linn. Hull. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae) is a very common and important food grain and ranks second in total cereal crop production. A large amount of wheat hull is produced after threshing that, as the non-food part of wheat, is agro-waste, accounting for 15~20% of the wheat. This study aimed at biologically and phytochemically investigating wheat hull for its valorization as a by-product. In our ongoing search for natural product-derived anti-inflammatory agents, T. aestivum hull was evaluated for its nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells, and the phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction showing inhibitory effect led to the isolation of a flavone (1) and seven flavonolignans (2–8). Compounds 2–8 have not yet been isolated from Triticum species. All compounds were evaluated for their LPS-induced NO production inhibition, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 exhibited inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 24.14 to 58.95 μM. These results suggest the potential of using T. aestivum hull as a source for producing anti-inflammatory components, enhancing its valorization as a by-product.
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Miller JT, Turner CG, Otis JS, Sebeh Y, Hayat MJ, Quyyumi AA, Wong BJ. Inhibition of iNOS augments cutaneous endothelial NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites and in non-Hispanic Blacks. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H190-H199. [PMID: 33124886 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00644.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to reduced nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in non-Hispanic Blacks and prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites. Twenty Black and twenty White participants (10 normotensive, 10 prehypertensive per group; n = 40 total) participated in this study. Participants were instrumented with two microdialysis fibers, and each site was randomized as control (lactated Ringer) or iNOS inhibition (0.1 mM 1400W). Laser-Doppler flow probes and local heaters were used to measure skin blood flow and heat the skin to induce vasodilation, respectively. Each site was heated from 33°C to 39°C (rate: 0.1°C/s). Once a plateau was established, 20 mM nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, was infused at each site to quantify NO-dependent vasodilation. At control sites, %NO-dependent vasodilation was reduced in prehypertensive Whites (47 ± 10%NO) and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Blacks (39 ± 9%NO and 28 ± 5%NO, respectively) relative to normotensive Whites (73 ± 8%NO; P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Compared with respective control sites, iNOS inhibition increased NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive Whites (68 ± 8%NO) and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Blacks (78 ± 8%NO and 55 ± 6%NO, respectively; P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). We failed to find an effect for normotensive Whites (77 ± 7%NO). After iNOS inhibition, %NO-dependent vasodilation was similar between normotensive Whites, prehypertensive Whites, and normotensive Blacks. Inhibition of iNOS increased NO-dependent vasodilation to a lesser extent in prehypertensive Blacks. These data suggest that iNOS contributes to reduced NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertension and in Black participants.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is typically upregulated in conditions of increased oxidative stress and may have detrimental effects on the vasculature. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO), which is cardioprotective, is reduced in prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites and in non-Hispanic Blacks. We found that inhibition of iNOS can increase endothelial NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive White participants and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Black participants.Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) can be upregulated under conditions of increased oxidative stress and may have detrimental effects on the vasculature. Endothelial NO, which is cardioprotective, is reduced in prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites and in non-Hispanic Blacks. We found that inhibition of iNOS can increase endothelial NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive White participants and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Black participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Miller
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Casey G Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey S Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yesser Sebeh
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J Hayat
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Yang M, Wang Y, Patel G, Xue Q, Singor Njateng GS, Cai S, Cheng G, Kai G. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of different extracts from Epigynum auritum through down-regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113105. [PMID: 32590114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epigynum auritum has been historically used as a "dai" or traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, swelling and severe pain during injury; these may reduce risk of disease and lead to healthier aging. Apart from this, Epigynum auritum extract was also used in arhritis treatment which is also a type of inflammation. Previous phytochemical studies of E. auritum revealed that steroids are main characteristic components with a number of biological activities (especially immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity) Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of the E. auritum on inflammatory diseases is still unresolved. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to comparatively investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of different fractions from the extract of E. auritum (EAE), with their possible active ingredients to reveal the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EAE was fractionated by column chromatography with macroporous resin D101 which yielded six fractions. The potential anti-inflammatory properties of different fractions of EAE were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo model. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages cells were used for in vitro studies however two typical acute inflammation murine models (xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema) were used for anti-inflammatory studies. The important molecular mechanisms related to inflammation were also analyzed by ELISA, western blotting and immunofluorescence. UHPLC-MS/MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of 100% EAE fraction. RESULTS Different EAE fractions (especially the Fr. 100% of MeOH:H2O) significantly reduced the productions of NO, ROS, TNF-α, and IL-6 by LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and increased the expression of IL-10. The expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes were significantly down-regulated by 100% EAE fraction. Furthermore, 100% EAE fraction inhibited the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB which prevents its activation by blocking the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor protein of IκBα. In addition two inflammatory animal models; xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-stimulated paw edema were also developed with significantly ameliorated inflammatory cytokines. The treatment of these inflammatory models with 100% EAE fraction (Fr. 100%) suppressed the expressions of elevated inflammatory cytokines. Besides the UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis was also carried out in which the androstane analogues were found to be as a main chemical components. CONCLUSION Different fractions (especially Fr. 100%) exert inhibitory effect on inflammation by regulating the release of inflammatory mediators through the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The androstane and its derivatives might be performing an important role in the observed anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, Fr. 100% of EAE could be applied as a potential drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Wang
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Gopal Patel
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Shengbao Cai
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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Inducible Nitric Oxide Regulates Na-Glucose Co-transport in a Spontaneous SAMP1/YitFc Mouse Model of Chronic Ileitis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103116. [PMID: 33065982 PMCID: PMC7600670 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian small intestine, glucose is primarily absorbed via Na-dependent glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) on the brush border membrane (BBM) of absorptive villus cells. Malabsorption of nutrients (e.g., glucose) leads to malnutrition, a common symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where the mucosa is characterized by chronic inflammation. Inducible nitric oxide (iNO) is known to be elevated in IBD mucosa. SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP1) mouse is a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis that develops lesions in its terminal ileum, very similar to human IBD. How SGLT1 may be affected in SAMP1 model of chronic ileitis is unknown. Ten-week-old SAMP1 mice with AKR mice as control were treated with N6-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine dihydrochloride (L-NIL) to inhibit iNO production. Intracellular NO levels were found to be increased in villus cells from SAMP1 mice. Moreover, SGLT1 and Na+/K+-ATPase activities and BBM SGLT1 expression were significantly decreased. However, L-NIL treatment reduced the intracellular iNO production, and reversed both downregulated SGLT1 and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in SAMP1 mice. Inhibition of iNO by L-NIL treatment also significantly reversed the BBM SGLT1 protein expression in SAMP1 mice. L-NIL reversed the inflammation mediated downregulation of SGLT1 activity by restoring the BBM SGLT1 expression. Thus, regulation of SGLT1 in chronic ileitis is likely mediated by iNO.
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André S, Rodrigues V, Picard M, Silvestre R, Estaquier J. Non-human primates and Leishmania immunity. Cytokine X 2020; 2:100038. [PMID: 33604562 PMCID: PMC7885871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of infectious diseases, non-human primates (NHP) provide the best animal models of human diseases due to the close phylogenetic relationship and the similar physiology and anatomical systems. Herein, we summarized the contribution of NHP models for understanding the immunity to leishmaniases, which are a group of diseases caused by infection with protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and classified as one of the neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia André
- INSERM-U1124, Paris University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Ricardo Silvestre
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- INSERM-U1124, Paris University, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, QC, Quebec, Canada
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Ali AM, Kunugi H. Royal Jelly as an Intelligent Anti-Aging Agent-A Focus on Cognitive Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E937. [PMID: 33003559 PMCID: PMC7601550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The astronomical increase of the world's aged population is associated with the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, heightened disability, and extremely high costs of care. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a widespread, age-related, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that has enormous social and financial drawbacks worldwide. The unsatisfactory outcomes of available AD pharmacotherapy necessitate the search for alternative natural resources that can target various the underlying mechanisms of AD pathology and reduce disease occurrence and/or progression. Royal jelly (RJ) is the main food of bee queens; it contributes to their fertility, long lifespan, and memory performance. It represents a potent nutraceutical with various pharmacological properties, and has been used in a number of preclinical studies to target AD and age-related cognitive deterioration. To understand the mechanisms through which RJ affects cognitive performance both in natural aging and AD, we reviewed the literature, elaborating on the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that mediate its anti-AD effects. Preclinical findings revealed that RJ acts as a multidomain cognitive enhancer that can restore cognitive performance in aged and AD models. It promotes brain cell survival and function by targeting multiple adversities in the neuronal microenvironment such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial alterations, impaired proteostasis, amyloid-β toxicity, Ca excitotoxicity, and bioenergetic challenges. Human trials using RJ in AD are limited in quantity and quality. Here, the limitations of RJ-based treatment strategies are discussed, and directions for future studies examining the effect of RJ in cognitively impaired subjects are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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45
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Dai Q, Zhang FL, Du JX, Li ZH, Feng T, Liu JK. Illudane Sesquiterpenoids from Edible Mushroom Agrocybe salicacola and Their Bioactivities. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21961-21967. [PMID: 32905428 PMCID: PMC7469647 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively understand the chemical constituents of the edible mushroom Agrocybe salicacola and their biological functions, a phytochemical separation of the cultural broth of A. salicacola led to the isolation of four new illudane sesquiterpenoids, agrocybins H-K (1-4), along with 10 known analogues (5-14). Compounds 2-4 were racemates of which 2 and 3 were further separated into single enantiomers as 2a/2b and 3a/3b. All new structures with absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of an extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemistry calculations. Compound 1 possesses a new carbon skeleton that might be derived from the protoilludane backbone. Compounds 1, 5, 8, and 9 show a certain degree of cytotoxicity to five human cancer cell lines. Compound 1 shows a mild inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 31.4 μM. It is concluded that A. salicacola is rich in illudin derivatives with potential bioactivity prospects, which would make A. salicacola a good material of medicine and food homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Dai
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central
University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Lei Zhang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central
University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Xian Du
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central
University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hui Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central
University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- The
Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority
Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tao Feng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central
University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- The
Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority
Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central
University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- The
Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority
Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Systemic Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Perturbations in Chow Fed Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Male Mice: Partial Reversal by Nitrite Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080736. [PMID: 32806494 PMCID: PMC7465804 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
iNOS, an important mediator of inflammation, has emerged as an important metabolic regulator. There are conflicting observations on the incidence of insulin resistance (IR) due to hyperglycemia/dyslipidemia in iNOS−/− mice. There are reports that high fat diet (HFD) fed mice exhibited no change, protection, or enhanced susceptibility to IR. Similar observations were also reported for low fat diet (LFD) fed KO mice. In the present study chow fed iNOS−/− mice were examined for the incidence of IR, and metabolic perturbations, and also for the effect of sodium nitrite supplementation (50 mg/L). In IR-iNOS−/− mice, we observed significantly higher body weight, BMI, adiposity, blood glucose, HOMA-IR, serum/tissue lipids, glucose intolerance, enhanced gluconeogenesis, and disrupted insulin signaling. Expression of genes involved in hepatic and adipose tissue lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis was upregulated with concomitant downregulation of genes for hepatic lipid excretion. Nitrite supplementation restored NO levels, significantly improved systemic IR, glucose tolerance, and also reduced lipid accumulation by rescuing hepatic insulin sensitivity, glucose, and lipid homeostasis. Obesity, gluconeogenesis, and adipose tissue insulin signaling were only partially reversed in nitrite supplemented iNOS−/− mice. Our results thus demonstrate that nitrite supplementation to iNOS−/− mice improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis, thus further highlighting the metabolic role of iNOS.
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Haselden WD, Kedarasetti RT, Drew PJ. Spatial and temporal patterns of nitric oxide diffusion and degradation drive emergent cerebrovascular dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008069. [PMID: 32716940 PMCID: PMC7410342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in neurovascular coupling. NO produced by neurons diffuses into the smooth muscle surrounding cerebral arterioles, driving vasodilation. However, the rate of NO degradation in hemoglobin is orders of magnitude higher than in brain tissue, though how this might impact NO signaling dynamics is not completely understood. We used simulations to investigate how the spatial and temporal patterns of NO generation and degradation impacted dilation of a penetrating arteriole in cortex. We found that the spatial location of NO production and the size of the vessel both played an important role in determining its responsiveness to NO. The much higher rate of NO degradation and scavenging of NO in the blood relative to the tissue drove emergent vascular dynamics. Large vasodilation events could be followed by post-stimulus constrictions driven by the increased degradation of NO by the blood, and vasomotion-like 0.1-0.3 Hz oscillations could also be generated. We found that these dynamics could be enhanced by elevation of free hemoglobin in the plasma, which occurs in diseases such as malaria and sickle cell anemia, or following blood transfusions. Finally, we show that changes in blood flow during hypoxia or hyperoxia could be explained by altered NO degradation in the parenchyma. Our simulations suggest that many common vascular dynamics may be emergent phenomena generated by NO degradation by the blood or parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Davis Haselden
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ravi Teja Kedarasetti
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Choudhary A, Kumar V, Kumar S, Majid I, Aggarwal P, Suri S. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation, occurrence and potential health concerns: recent developments. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1756857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Choudhary
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ishrat Majid
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Poonam Aggarwal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sheenam Suri
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Napagoda M, Gerstmeier J, Butschek H, De Soyza S, Pace S, Lorenz S, Qader M, Witharana S, Nagahawatte A, Wijayaratne G, Svatoš A, Jayasinghe L, Koeberle A, Werz O. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Ethnomedicinal Plants from Sri Lanka. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081894. [PMID: 32326068 PMCID: PMC7221831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional folk medicine in Sri Lanka is mostly based on plants and plant-derived products, however, many of these medicinal plant species are scientifically unexplored. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potency of 28 different extracts prepared from seven popular medicinal plant species employed in Sri Lanka. The extracts were subjected to cell-based and cell-free assays of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity. Moreover, antibacterial and disinfectant activities were assessed. Characterization of secondary metabolites was achieved by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. n-Hexane- and dichloromethane-based extracts of Garcinia cambogia efficiently suppressed 5-LO activity in human neutrophils (IC50 = 0.92 and 1.39 µg/mL), and potently inhibited isolated human 5-LO (IC50 = 0.15 and 0.16 µg/mL) and mPGES-1 (IC50 = 0.29 and 0.49 µg/mL). Lipophilic extracts of Pothos scandens displayed potent inhibition of mPGES-1 only. A methanolic extract of Ophiorrhiza mungos caused significant NO scavenging activity. The lipophilic extracts of G. cambogia exhibited prominent antibacterial and disinfectant activities, and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids, sesquiterpenes and other types of secondary metabolites. Together, our results suggest the prospective utilization of G.cambogia as disinfective agent with potent anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Napagoda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka;
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (O.W.); Tel.: +94-(0)71 9216281 (M.N.); +49-(0)3641-949801 (O.W.)
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.G.); (H.B.); (S.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Hannah Butschek
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.G.); (H.B.); (S.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Sudhara De Soyza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.G.); (H.B.); (S.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Sybille Lorenz
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Mallique Qader
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (M.Q.); (L.J.)
| | - Sanjeeva Witharana
- Faculty of Engineering, Higher Colleges of Technology, PO Box 4793 Abu Dhabi, UAE;
| | - Ajith Nagahawatte
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka; (A.N.); (G.W.)
| | - Gaya Wijayaratne
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka; (A.N.); (G.W.)
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Lalith Jayasinghe
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (M.Q.); (L.J.)
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.G.); (H.B.); (S.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.G.); (H.B.); (S.P.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (O.W.); Tel.: +94-(0)71 9216281 (M.N.); +49-(0)3641-949801 (O.W.)
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50
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Sheng Z, Huang C, Liu R, Guo Y, Ran Z, Li F, Wang D. Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of Cellular Response to Influenza B Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040383. [PMID: 32244344 PMCID: PMC7232189 DOI: 10.3390/v12040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) is a respiratory pathogen that infects humans and causes seasonal influenza epidemics. However, cellular response to IBV infection in humans and mechanisms of host-mediated restriction of IBV replication are not thoroughly understood. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to perform transcriptome profiling of IBV-infected human lung epithelial A549 cells at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h post infection (hpi) and characterized the cellular gene expression dynamics. We observed that more than 4000 host genes were differentially regulated during the study period, which included up regulation of genes encoding proteins, having a role in the innate antiviral immune responses, immune activation, cellular metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis, as well as down regulation of genes involved in mitosis and cell proliferation. Further analysis of RNA-Seq data coupled with RT-qPCR validation collectively showed that double-strand RNA recognition pathways, including retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), were substantially activated following IBV infection. Taken together, these results provide important initial insights into the intimate interaction between IBV and lung epithelial cells, which can be further explored towards elucidation of the cellular mechanisms in restriction or elimination of IBV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhang Sheng
- Zukerman Institute of Mind Brain Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +001-605-728-6349 (Z.S.); +001-605-688-6469 (D.W.)
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.H.); (R.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Runxia Liu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.H.); (R.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Zukerman Institute of Mind Brain Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Zhiguang Ran
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.H.); (R.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.H.); (R.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.H.); (R.L.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +001-605-728-6349 (Z.S.); +001-605-688-6469 (D.W.)
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