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Jeyavani J, Sibiya A, Gopi N, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Al-Misned F, Ahmed Z, Riaz MN, Palaniappan B, Govindarajan M, Vaseeharan B. Ingestion and impacts of water-borne polypropylene microplastics on Daphnia similis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:13483-13494. [PMID: 36136182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene microplastics are the leading contaminant in aquatic environments, although research on their toxicity remains scarce. The proposed research focuses on the harmful consequences of acute exposure to polypropylene microplastics in Daphnia similis. This work converts widely available polypropylene bags into microplastics using xylene. FTIR findings demonstrated the lack of xylene residue in the produced polypropylene microplastic particles, which were spherical and ranged in size from 11.86 to 44.62 µm (FE-SEM). The results indicate that acute exposure to polypropylene microplastics causes immobility in D. similis. Ingestion of microplastics enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as shown by biochemical studies. Due to the production of free radicals in D. similis, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and a non-antioxidant enzyme of reduced glutathione (GSH) and also oxidative stress effects in lipid (lipid peroxidation - LPO), protein (carbonyl protein - CP) were increased. Additionally, the amount of the neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was decreased. These findings indicate that the accumulation of polypropylene microplastics in the bodies of filter-feeding organisms should aggravate toxicity in the freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraj Jeyavani
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanan Gopi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Balasubramanian Palaniappan
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1700 Byrd Biotech Science Center, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, 608 002, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
- Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nepal N, Arthur S, Butts MR, Singh S, Palaniappan B, Sundaram U. Molecular Mechanism of Stimulation of Na-K-ATPase by Leukotriene D4 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147569. [PMID: 34299188 PMCID: PMC8303499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Na-K-ATPase provides a favorable transcellular Na gradient required for the functioning of Na-dependent nutrient transporters in intestinal epithelial cells. The primary metabolite for enterocytes is glutamine, which is absorbed via Na-glutamine co-transporter (SN2; SLC38A5) in intestinal crypt cells. SN2 activity is stimulated during chronic intestinal inflammation, at least in part, secondarily to the stimulation of Na-K-ATPase activity. Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) is known to be elevated in the mucosa during chronic enteritis, but the way in which it may regulate Na-K-ATPase is not known. In an in vitro model of rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18), Na-K-ATPase activity was significantly stimulated by LTD4. As LTD4 mediates its action via Ca-dependent protein kinase C (PKC), Ca levels were measured and were found to be increased. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of PKC, also mediated stimulation of Na-K-ATPase like LTD4, while BAPTA-AM (Ca chelator) and calphostin-C (Cal-C; PKC inhibitor) prevented the stimulation of Na-K-ATPase activity. LTD4 caused a significant increase in mRNA and plasma membrane protein expression of Na-K-ATPase α1 and β1 subunits, which was prevented by calphostin-C. These data demonstrate that LTD4 stimulates Na-K-ATPase in intestinal crypt cells secondarily to the transcriptional increase of Na-K-ATPase α1 and β1 subunits, mediated via the Ca-activated PKC pathway.
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Arthur S, Palaniappan B, Afroz S, Sundaram U. Unique Regulation of Coupled NaCl Absorption by Inducible Nitric Oxide in a Spontaneous SAMP1/YitFc Mouse Model of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1804-1812. [PMID: 34019094 PMCID: PMC8528149 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In the small intestine, Na:H (NHE3) and Cl:HCO3 (DRA or PAT1) exchangers present in the brush border membrane (BBM) of absorptive villus cells are primarily responsible for the coupled absorption of NaCl, the malabsorption of which causes diarrhea, a common symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inducible nitric oxide (iNO), a known mediator of inflammation, is increased in the mucosa of the chronically inflamed IBD intestine. An SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP1) mouse, a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis very similar to human IBD, was used to study alterations in NaCl absorption. The SAMP1 and control AKR mice were treated with I-N(6)-(1-Iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL) to inhibit iNO production, and DRA/PAT1 and NHE3 activities and protein expression were studied. Though Na:H exchange activity was unaffected, Cl:HCO3 activity was significantly decreased in SAMP1 mice due to a reduction in its affinity for Cl, which was reversed by L-NIL treatment. Though DRA and PAT1 expressions were unchanged in all experimental conditions, phosphorylation studies indicated that DRA, not PAT1, is affected in SAMP1. Moreover, the altered phosphorylation levels of DRA was restored by L-NIL treatment. Inducible NO mediates the inhibition of coupled NaCl absorption by decreasing Cl:HCO3 but not Na:H exchange. Specifically, Cl:HCO3 exchanger DRA but not PAT1 is regulated at the level of its phosphorylation by iNO in the chronically inflamed intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States
| | - Balasubramanian Palaniappan
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States
| | - Sheuli Afroz
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA, United States,Address correspondence to: Uma Sundaram, MD, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, United States. E-mail:
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Nepal N, Arthur S, Haynes J, Palaniappan B, Sundaram U. Mechanism of Na-K-ATPase Inhibition by PGE2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040752. [PMID: 33805551 PMCID: PMC8066871 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary means of intestinal absorption of nutrients by villus cells is via Na-dependent nutrient co-transporters located in the brush border membrane (BBM). These secondary active co-transport processes require a favorable transcellular Na gradient that is provided by Na-K-ATPase. In chronic enteritis, malabsorption of essential nutrients is partially due to inhibition of villus Na-K-ATPase activity mediated by specific immune inflammatory mediators that are known to be elevated in the inflamed mucosa. However, how Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a specific mediator of nutrient malabsorption in the villus BBM, may mediate the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of PGE2 on Na-K-ATPase in villus cells and define its mechanism of action. In vitro, in IEC-18 cells, PGE2 treatment significantly reduced Na-K-ATPase activity, accompanied by a significant increase in the intracellular levels of cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP). The treatment with cAMP analog 8-Bromo-cAMP mimicked the PGE2-mediated effect on Na-K-ATPase activity, while Rp-cAMP (PKA inhibitor) pretreatment reversed the same. The mechanism of inhibition of PGE2 was secondary to a transcriptional reduction in the Na-K-ATPase α1 and β1 subunit genes, which was reversed by the Rp-cAMP pretreatment. Thus, the PGE2-mediated activation of the PKA pathway mediates the transcriptional inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity in vitro.
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Palaniappan B, Arthur S, Sundaram VL, Butts M, Sundaram S, Mani K, Singh S, Nepal N, Sundaram U. Inhibition of intestinal villus cell Na/K-ATPase mediates altered glucose and NaCl absorption in obesity-associated diabetes and hypertension. FASEB J 2019; 33:9323-9333. [PMID: 31107610 PMCID: PMC6662973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802673r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During obesity, diabetes and hypertension inevitably coexist and cause innumerable health disparities. In the obesity, diabetes, and hypertension triad (ODHT), deregulation of glucose and NaCl homeostasis, respectively, causes diabetes and hypertension. In the mammalian intestine, glucose is primarily absorbed by Na-glucose cotransport 1 (SGLT1) and coupled NaCl by the dual operation of Na-H exchange 3 (NHE3) and Cl-HCO3 [down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) or putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1)] exchange in the brush border membrane (BBM) of villus cells. The basolateral membrane (BLM) Na/K-ATPase provides the favorable transcellular Na gradient for BBM SGLT1 and NHE3. How these multiple, distinct transport processes may be affected in ODHT is unclear. Here, we show the novel and broad regulation by Na/K-ATPase of glucose and NaCl absorption in ODHT in multiple species (mice, rats, and humans). In vivo, during obesity inhibition of villus-cell BLM, Na/K-ATPase led to compensatory stimulation of BBM SGLT1 and DRA or PAT1, whereas NHE3 was unaffected. Supporting this new cellular adaptive mechanism, direct silencing of BLM Na/K-ATPase in intestinal epithelial cells resulted in selective stimulation of BBM SGLT1 and DRA or PAT1 but not NHE3. These changes will lead to an increase in glucose absorption, maintenance of traditional coupled NaCl absorption, and a de novo increase in NaCl absorption from the novel coupling of stimulated SGLT1 with DRA or PAT1. Thus, these novel observations provide the pathophysiologic basis for the deregulation of glucose and NaCl homeostasis of diabetes and hypertension, respectively, during obesity. These observations may lead to more efficacious treatment for obesity-associated diabetes and hypertension.-Palaniappan, B., Arthur, S., Sundaram, V. L., Butts, M., Sundaram, S., Mani, K., Singh, S., Nepal, N., Sundaram, U. Inhibition of intestinal villus cell Na/K-ATPase mediates altered glucose and NaCl absorption in obesity-associated diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Palaniappan
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Molly Butts
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shanmuga Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kathiresh Mani
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Soudamani Singh
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Niraj Nepal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
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Palaniappan B, Manoharan P, Arthur S, Singh S, Murughiyan U, Sundaram U. Stimulation of constitutive nitric oxide uniquely and compensatorily regulates intestinal epithelial cell brush border membrane Na absorption. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14086. [PMID: 31074207 PMCID: PMC6509550 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian small intestine, sodium is primarily absorbed by Na+ /H+ exchange (NHE3) and Na-glucose cotransport (SGLT1) in the brush border membrane (BBM) of villus cells. However, how enhanced cellular constitutive nitric oxide (cNO) may affect NHE3 and SGLT1 remains unclear. Both in vivo in rabbit intestinal villus cells and in vitro IEC-18 cells, administration of NO donor, GSNAP, modestly increased cNO. GSNAP stimulated SGLT1 in villus and IEC-18 cells. The mechanism of stimulation was secondary to an increase in the affinity of SGLT1 for glucose. The change in SGLT1 was not secondary to altered Na-extruding capacity of the cell since Na+ /K+ -ATPase was decreased by GSNAP treatment. In contrast, GSNAP inhibited NHE3 activity in villus cell BBM. The mechanism of NHE3 inhibition was secondary to reduced BBM transporter numbers. These studies demonstrated that the physiological increase in cNO uniquely regulates mammalian small intestinal NHE3 and SGLT1 to maintain Na homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Palaniappan
- Department of Clinical and Translational SciencesJoan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest Virginia
| | - Palanikumar Manoharan
- Department of Clinical and Translational SciencesJoan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest Virginia
| | - Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational SciencesJoan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest Virginia
| | - Soudamani Singh
- Department of Clinical and Translational SciencesJoan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest Virginia
| | - Usha Murughiyan
- Department of Clinical and Translational SciencesJoan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest Virginia
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational SciencesJoan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest Virginia
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Singh S, Arthur S, Talukder J, Palaniappan B, Coon S, Sundaram U. Mast cell regulation of Na-glutamine co-transporters B0AT1 in villus and SN2 in crypt cells during chronic intestinal inflammation. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:47. [PMID: 25884559 PMCID: PMC4405831 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the chronically inflamed rabbit small intestine, brush border membrane (BBM) Na-glutamine co-transport is inhibited in villus cells (mediated by B0AT1), while it is stimulated in crypt cells (mediated by SN2/SNAT5). How mast cells, known to be enhanced in the chronically inflamed intestine, may regulate B0AT1 in villus and SN2/SNAT5 in crypt cell is unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the regulation of B0AT1 and SN2/SNAT5 by mast cells during chronic enteritis. Methods Chronic intestinal inflammation was induced in male rabbits with intra-gastric inoculation of Eimeria magna oocytes. Rabbits with chronic inflammation were treated with ketotifen (10 mg/day) or saline (Placebo) for 2 days. Villus and crypts cells were isolated from the rabbit intestine using the Ca++ chelation technique. Na/K-ATPase activity was measured as Pi from cellular homogenate. BBM vesicles (BBMV) were prepared from villus and crypt cells and uptake studies were performed using rapid filtration technique with 3H-Glutamine. Western blot analyses were done using B0AT1 and SN2 specific antibodies. Results In villus cells, Na-glutamine co-transport inhibition observed during inflammation was completely reversed by ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer. In contrast, in crypt cells, Na-glutamine co-transport stimulation was reversed to normal levels by ketotifen. Kinetic studies demonstrated that ketotifen reversed the inhibition of B0AT1 in villus cells by restoring co-transporter numbers in the BBM, whereas the stimulation of SN2/SNAT5 in crypts cells was reversed secondary to restoration of affinity of the co-transporter. Western blot analysis showed that ketotifen restored immune-reactive levels of B0AT1 in villus cells, while SN2/SNAT5 levels from crypts cell remained unchanged. Conclusion In the present study we demonstrate that mast cells likely function as a common upstream immune pathway regulator of the Na-dependent glutamine co-transporters, B0AT1 in villus cells and SN2 in crypts cells that are uniquely altered in the chronically inflamed small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudamani Singh
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Hal Greer Blvd., Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
| | - Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Hal Greer Blvd., Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
| | - Jamilur Talukder
- Department of Biology, LeMoyne-Owen College, Memphis, TN, 38126, USA.
| | - Balasubramanian Palaniappan
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Hal Greer Blvd., Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
| | - Steven Coon
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Hal Greer Blvd., Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Manoharan P, Gayam S, Arthur S, Palaniappan B, Singh S, Dick GM, Sundaram U. Chronic and selective inhibition of basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates brush border membrane Na absorption in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C650-6. [PMID: 25652450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00355.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Na-K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein in mammalian cells, is responsible for maintaining the favorable intracellular Na gradient necessary to promote Na-coupled solute cotransport processes [e.g., Na-glucose cotransport (SGLT1)]. Inhibition of brush border membrane (BBM) SGLT1 is, at least in part, due to the diminished Na-K-ATPase in villus cells from chronically inflamed rabbit intestine. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Na-K-ATPase inhibition on the two major BBM Na absorptive pathways, specifically Na-glucose cotransport and Na/H exchange (NHE), in intestinal epithelial (IEC-18) cells. Na-K-ATPase was inhibited using 1 mM ouabain or siRNA for Na-K-ATPase-α1 in IEC-18 cells. SGLT1 activity was determined as 3-O-methyl-D-[(3)H]glucose uptake. Na-K-ATPase activity was measured as the amount of inorganic phosphate released. Treatment with ouabain resulted in SGLT1 inhibition at 1 h but stimulation at 24 h. To further characterize this unexpected stimulation of SGLT1, siRNA silencing was utilized to inhibit Na-K-ATPase-α1. SGLT1 activity was significantly upregulated by Na-K-ATPase silencing, while NHE3 activity remained unaltered. Kinetics showed that the mechanism of stimulation of SGLT1 activity was secondary to an increase in affinity of the cotransporter for glucose without a change in the number of cotransporters. Molecular studies demonstrated that the mechanism of stimulation was not secondary to altered BBM SGLT1 protein levels. Chronic and direct silencing of basolateral Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates BBM Na absorptive pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Specifically, while BBM NHE3 is unaffected, SGLT1 is stimulated secondary to enhanced affinity of the cotransporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanikumar Manoharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Swapna Gayam
- Section of Digestive Diseases, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and
| | - Balasubramanian Palaniappan
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and
| | - Soudamani Singh
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and
| | - Gregory M Dick
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and
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Ramya V, Palaniappan B, George B. Embedded System for Automatic Irrigation of Cardamom Field using Xbee-PRO Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5120/8491-2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Palaniappan B. Role of antenatal care in safe motherhood. J Indian Med Assoc 1995; 93:53-4, 52. [PMID: 7658037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Palaniappan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kilpauk Medical College, Madras
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Palaniappan B, Dhanalakshmi E, Vadivu P. Ectopic pregnancy and fertility control measures. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 11:545-9. [PMID: 3833156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
This is an analysis of reasons given by 800 women who were hospitalized for deliveries at the Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital in Madras for refusing puerperal sterilization. The cases are analysed by socio-demographic characteristics, age and parity. The most common reasons given were "inability to do manual work after the operation", "husband objects", and "necessity for prolonged rest". The author suggests ways of dealing with these barriers to sterilization.
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Palaniappan B, Murugesan RG, Gopinath PM. A case of pseudoMeig syndrome--case report. Indian J Cancer 1980; 17:70-2. [PMID: 7399560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Palaniappan B, Devi VP. Hormones for withdrawal bleeding. J Indian Med Assoc 1980; 74:67-70. [PMID: 7400591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Palaniappan B. A new technique for minilaparotomy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1979; 17:260-2. [PMID: 42581 DOI: 10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Female sterilization by minilaparotomy was performed on 500 patients at Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Madras, India. Access to the Fallopian tubes was achieved by elevating the uterus with the gloved hand of a medical or paramedical assistant. The effectiveness of the fingers for this maneuver in place of various uterine elevators is discussed and its usefulness pointed out in relation to practive in developing countries. The role of paramedical personnel and the hospital's medical staff, in this technique is described.
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Palaniappan B, Paul S. Choriocarcinoma of the uterus with intra uterine device in-situ. J Obstet Gynaecol India 1975; 25:697-8. [PMID: 1241681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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