1
|
Martinez-Castillo M, Ramírez-Rico G, Shibayama M, de la Garza M, Serrano-Luna J. Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Inhibit the Proteolytic Activity and Cytopathic Effect of Naegleria fowleri Enzymes. Pathogens 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38251351 PMCID: PMC10819050 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. As a part of the innate immune response at the mucosal level, the proteins lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lz) are secreted and eliminate various microorganisms. We demonstrate that N. fowleri survives the individual and combined effects of bovine milk Lf (bLf) and chicken egg Lz (cLz). Moreover, amoebic proliferation was not altered, even at 24 h of co-incubation with each protein. Trophozoites' ultrastructure was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, and these proteins did not significantly alter their organelles and cytoplasmic membranes. Protease analysis using gelatin-zymograms showed that secreted proteases of N. fowleri were differentially modulated by bLf and cLz at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The bLf and cLz combination resulted in the inhibition of N. fowleri-secreted proteases. Additionally, the use of protease inhibitors on bLf-zymograms demonstrated that secreted cysteine proteases participate in the degradation of bLf. Nevertheless, the co-incubation of trophozoites with bLf and/or cLz reduced the cytopathic effect on the MDCK cell line. Our study suggests that bLf and cLz, alone or together, inhibited secreted proteases and reduced the cytopathic effect produced by N. fowleri; however, they do not affect the viability and proliferation of the trophozoites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
- Faculty of Professional Studies Cuautitlan, Autonomous National University of Mexico, Mexico City 54714, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kavishvar D, Ramachandran A. The yielding behaviour of human mucus. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 322:103049. [PMID: 38039907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic material with non-linear rheological properties such as a yield stress of the order of a few hundreds of millipascals to a few tens of pascals, due to a complex network of mucins in water along with non-mucin proteins, DNA and cell debris. In this review, we discuss the origin of the yield stress in human mucus, the changes in the rheology of mucus with the occurrence of diseases, and possible clinical applications in disease detection as well as cure. We delve into the domain of mucus rheology, examining both macro- and microrheology. Macrorheology involves investigations conducted at larger length scales (∼ a few hundreds of μm or higher) using traditional rheometers, which probe properties on a bulk scale. It is significant in elucidating various mucosal functions within the human body. This includes rejecting unwanted irritants out of lungs through mucociliary and cough clearance, protecting the stomach wall from the acidic environment as well as biological entities, safeguarding cervical canal from infections and providing a swimming medium for sperms. Additionally, we explore microrheology, which encompasses studies performed at length scales ranging from a few tens of nm to a μm. These microscale studies find various applications, including the context of drug delivery. Finally, we employ scaling analysis to elucidate a few examples in lung, cervical, and gastric mucus, including settling of irritants in lung mucus, yielding of lung mucus in cough clearance and cilial beating, spreading of exogenous surfactants over yielding mucus, swimming of Helicobacter pylori through gastric mucus, and lining of protective mucus in the stomach. The scaling analyses employed on the applications mentioned above provide us with a deeper understanding of the link between the rheology and the physiology of mucus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kavishvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Arun Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang M, Gan Y, Li Y, Qi Y, Zhou Z, Fang X, Jiao J, Han X, Gao W, Zhao J. Protein-polysaccharide-based delivery systems for enhancing the bioavailability of curcumin: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126153. [PMID: 37558039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a wide attention has been paid to curcumin in medicine due to its excellent physiological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and nerve damage repair. However, the low solubility, poor stability, and rapid metabolism of curcumin make its bioavailability low, which affects its development and application. As a unique biopolymer structure, protein-polysaccharide (PRO-POL)-based delivery system has the advantages of low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and delayed release. Many scholars have investigated PRO-POL -based delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. In this paper, we focus on the interactions between different proteins (e.g. casein, whey protein, soybean protein isolate, pea protein, zein, etc.) and polysaccharides (chitosan, sodium alginate, hyaluronic acid, pectin, etc.) and their effects on complexes diameter, surface charge, encapsulation drive, and release characteristics. The mechanism of the PRO-POL-based delivery system to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin is highlighted. In addition, the application of PRO-POL complexes loaded with curcumin is summarized, aiming to provide a reference for the construction and application of PRO-POL delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Jiang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yulu Gan
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qi
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Junjie Jiao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Tooth Department and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acanthamoeba castellanii Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030708. [PMID: 36985284 PMCID: PMC10059889 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 is a clinically significant free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis in human beings. During the initial stages of infection, trophozoites interact with various host immune responses, such as lactoferrin (Lf), in the corneal epithelium, nasal mucosa, and blood. Lf plays an important role in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, and evasion of the innate immune response is crucial in the colonization process. In this study, we describe the resistance of A. castellanii to the microbicidal effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-bLf) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 500 µM). Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites incubated with apo-bLf at 500 µM for 12 h maintained 98% viability. Interestingly, despite this lack of effect on viability, our results showed that the apo-bLf inhibited the cytopathic effect of A. castellanii in MDCK cells culture, and analysis of amoebic proteases by zymography showed significant inhibition of cysteine and serine proteases by interaction with the apo-bLf. From these results, we conclude that bovine apo-Lf influences the activity of A. castellanii secretion proteases, which in turn decreases amoebic cytopathic activity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Modaresi MA, Shirani E. Mucociliary clearance affected by mucus-periciliary interface stimulations using analytical solution during cough and sneeze. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2023; 138:201. [PMID: 36883183 PMCID: PMC9983542 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of mucus velocity variations under different conditions including viscosity variation and boundary conditions is useful to develop mucosal-based medical treatments. This paper deals with the analytical investigation of mucus-periciliary velocities under mucus-periciliary interface movements and mucus viscosity variations. The results for mucus velocity show that there is no difference between the two cases under the free-slip condition. Therefore, power-law mucus can be substituted with a high viscosity Newtonian fluid since the upper boundary of the mucus layer is exposed to the free-slip condition. However, when the upper boundary of the mucus layer is under nonzero shear stress levels, including cough or sneeze, the assumption of a high viscosity Newtonian mucus layer is invalid. Moreover, mucus viscosity variations are investigated for both Newtonian and power-law mucus layers under sneeze and cough to propose a mucosal-based medical treatment. The results indicate by varying mucus viscosity up to a critical value, the direction of mucus movement changes. The critical values of viscosity in sneezing and coughing for Newtonian and power-law mucus layers are 10-4 and 5 × 10-5 and 0.0263 and 006.024 m2 s-1, respectively. Therefore, the pathogen entry into the respiratory system can be prevented by varying mucus viscosity during sneeze and cough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Modaresi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - E. Shirani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trenkel M, Scherließ R. Optimising nasal powder drug delivery - Characterisation of the effect of excipients on drug absorption. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122630. [PMID: 36690127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The nasal physiology offers great potential for drug delivery but also poses specific challenges, among which the short residence time of applied drugs is one of the most striking. Formulating the drug as powder and using functional excipients are strategies to improve drug absorption. As nasal powders are still the minority on the market, there is a lack of data regarding their characterisation. This work aims at the characterisation of selected fillers (mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mucoadhesives (pectin, chitosan glutamate, hydroxypropyl cellulose) with a set of methods that allows distinguishing their influences on dissolution and permeation of drugs, and on the viscoelasticity of the nasal fluid and thus the nasal residence time. Rheological studies revealed a potential of undissolved particles to prolong the residence time by increasing the elasticity of the nasal fluid. The assessment of drug dissolution showed a decreased dissolution rate in presence of insoluble or gelling excipients, which can be beneficial for drugs with low permeability, since embedded drugs are cleared slower than plain solutions. Drug permeation as important factor for the selection of excipients was evaluated with an RPMI 2650 cell model. Distinguishing the effects of excipients enables an effective selection of the most promising substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Trenkel
- Kiel University, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Kiel University, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Priority Research Area Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Sciences (KiNSIS), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tauwald SM, Michel J, Brandt M, Vielsmeier V, Stemmer C, Krenkel L. Experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the viscoelastic rheology of tracheobronchial mucus from respiratory healthy patients. Multidiscip Respir Med 2023; 18:923. [PMID: 37908973 PMCID: PMC10615166 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2023.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tracheobronchial mucus plays a crucial role in pulmonary function by providing protection against inhaled pathogens. Due to its composition of water, mucins, and other biomolecules, it has a complex viscoelastic rheological behavior. This interplay of both viscous and elastic properties has not been fully described yet. In this study, we characterize the rheology of human mucus using oscillatory and transient tests. Based on the transient tests, we describe the material behavior of mucus under stress and strain loading by mathematical models. Methods Mucus samples were collected from clinically used endotracheal tubes. For rheological characterization, oscillatory amplitude-sweep and frequency-sweep tests, and transient creep-recovery and stress-relaxation tests were performed. The results of the transient test were approximated using the Burgers model, the Weibull distribution, and the six-element Maxwell model. The three-dimensional microstructure of the tracheobronchial mucus was visualized using scanning electron microscope imaging. Results Amplitude-sweep tests showed storage moduli ranging from 0.1 Pa to 10,000 Pa and a median critical strain of 4%. In frequency-sweep tests, storage and loss moduli increased with frequency, with the median of the storage modulus ranging from 10 Pa to 30 Pa, and the median of the loss modulus from 5 Pa to 14 Pa. The Burgers model approximates the viscoelastic behavior of tracheobronchial mucus during a constant load of stress appropriately (R2 of 0.99), and the Weibull distribution is suitable to predict the recovery of the sample after the removal of this stress (R2 of 0.99). The approximation of the stress-relaxation test data by a six-element Maxwell model shows a larger fit error (R2 of 0.91). Conclusions This study provides a detailed description of all process steps of characterizing the rheology of tracheobronchial mucus, including sample collection, microstructure visualization, and rheological investigation. Based on this characterization, we provide mathematical models of the rheological behavior of tracheobronchial mucus. These can now be used to simulate mucus flow in the respiratory system through numerical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Melina Tauwald
- Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Biofluid Mechanics, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Regensburg
| | - Johanna Michel
- Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Biofluid Mechanics, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Regensburg
| | - Marie Brandt
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Veronika Vielsmeier
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Christian Stemmer
- Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Krenkel
- Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Biofluid Mechanics, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Regensburg
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Modaresi MA. Numerical investigation of mucociliary clearance using power law and thixotropic mucus layers under discrete and continuous cilia motion. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:253-269. [PMID: 36222949 PMCID: PMC9553636 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucus layer movement inside the airway system is an important phenomenon as the first defensive mechanism against pathogens. This research deals with the mucus velocity variations inside the nasal cavity using two different power law and thixotropic mucus layers. The cilia movement is replaced with four cyclic velocity profiles at the lower boundary of the mucus layer, while the upper boundary is exposed to the free-slip condition. The effects of boundary conditions and different fluid parameters are evaluated on the mucus flow. Furthermore, the replacement of power law and thixotropic mucus layers with a high viscous Newtonian mucus is examined under the free-slip condition at the mucus upper boundary. The adaptation rate is used as the criteria for replacing fluids instead of each other. The results show the mucus flow has enough time to adjust the changes from the lower boundary and the recovery stroke does not affect the mucus velocity in the effective stroke. Moreover, it is observed that the mucus flow variations are the same under the influence of recovery, breakdown, and breakdown exponent parameters. However, the effects of the exponent parameter on the mucus flow are more than the other two parameters in the recovery stroke. It is concluded that the assumption for replacing the power law mucus with a high viscous Newtonian one is acceptable. However, this assumption leads to the maximum error of 98.5% for thixotropic mucus in the recovery stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Modaresi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mardikasari SA, Sipos B, Csóka I, Katona G. Nasal route for antibiotics delivery: Advances, challenges and future opportunities applying the quality by design concepts. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
10
|
Modaresi MA, Shirani E. Effects of continuous and discrete boundary conditions on the movement of upper-convected maxwell and Newtonian mucus layers in coughing and sneezing. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2022; 137:846. [PMID: 35892063 PMCID: PMC9302954 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is an important phenomenon inside the respiratory system as a first defensive mechanism against pathogens. Therefore, any assumption considered for the mucociliary clearance and affects its functionality must be validated. The present research deals with the effects of boundary conditions on the movement of upper-convected Maxwell and high viscosity Newtonian mucus layers, numerically. Furthermore, the validity of replacing the viscoelastic mucus layer with a high viscosity Newtonian layer is evaluated. The airway surface liquid layer is considered a two-layer model including non-Newtonian mucus and Newtonian periciliary layers. Four cyclic boundary conditions are imposed at the mucus-periciliary interface as the cilia movement to obtain variations of mucociliary clearance. The upper boundary of the mucus layer is also exposed to different shear stress levels including free slip, cough, and sneeze conditions. By investigation of velocity variations inside mucus and periciliary layers, it is concluded the differences between viscoelastic and Newtonian mucus are not negligible. The maximum velocity differences between the two fluids are more than 52% and 215% during cough and sneeze, respectively. The results show there is a high order of dependency between the relaxation time and the imposed boundary conditions at the mucus-periciliary interface that leads to the invalidation of replacing two fluids with each other. Moreover, the results show substituting the viscoelastic mucus with a high viscosity Newtonian one depends on the mucus-periciliary interface boundary condition. If an independent time-varying boundary condition is used, the substitution leads to an error less than 7% under different shear stress levels. However, time-varying boundary condition shows 38% and 88% differences between high viscosity Newtonian and viscoelastic mucus layers. Furthermore, neglecting the recovery stroke leads to a velocity underestimation up to 50% by substituting viscoelastic mucus with a high viscosity Newtonian one. Therefore, replacing the viscoelastic mucus with a high viscosity Newtonian one is not acceptable for numerical simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Modaresi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - E. Shirani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Role of Seawater and Saline Solutions in Treatment of Upper Respiratory Conditions. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050330. [PMID: 35621981 PMCID: PMC9147352 DOI: 10.3390/md20050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is indeed a long one, beginning from the ancient Ayurvedic practices and gaining a foothold in the west at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, there is a growing number of papers covering the effects of SNI, from in vitro studies to randomized clinical trials and literature overviews. Based on the recommendations of most of the European and American professional associations, seawater, alone or in combination with other preparations, has its place in the treatment of numerous conditions of the upper respiratory tract (URT), primarily chronic (rhino)sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, acute URT infections and postoperative recovery. Additionally, taking into account its multiple mechanisms of action and mounting evidence from recent studies, locally applied seawater preparations may have an important role in the prevention of viral and bacterial infections of the URT. In this review we discuss results published in the past years focusing on seawater preparations and their use in clinical and everyday conditions, since such products provide the benefits of additional ions vs. saline, have an excellent safety profile and are recommended by most professional associations in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Different Methods and Formulations of Drugs and Vaccines for Nasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051073. [PMID: 35631663 PMCID: PMC9144811 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery is advantageous when compared with other routes of drug delivery as it avoids the hepatic first-pass effect, blood–brain barrier penetration, and compliance issues with parenteral administration. However, nasal administration also has some limitations, such as its low bioavailability due to metabolism on the mucosal surface, and irreversible damage to the nasal mucosa due to the ingredients added into the formula. Moreover, the method of nasal administration is not applicable to all drugs. The current review presents the nasal anatomy and mucosal environment for the nasal delivery of vaccines and drugs, as well as presents various methods for enhancing nasal absorption, and different drug carriers and delivery devices to improve nasal drug delivery. It also presents future prospects on the nasal drug delivery of vaccines and drugs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Romanò F, Muradoglu M, Fujioka H, Grotberg JB. The effect of viscoelasticity in an airway closure model. JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 2021; 913:A31. [PMID: 33776140 PMCID: PMC7996000 DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2020.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The closure of a human lung airway is modeled as a pipe coated internally with a liquid that takes into account the viscoelastic properties of mucus. For a thick enough coating, the Plateau-Rayleigh instability blocks the airway by the creation of a liquid plug, and the pre-closure phase is dominated by the Newtonian behavior of the liquid. Our previous study with a Newtonian-liquid model demonstrated that the bifrontal plug growth consequent to airway closure induces a high level of stress and stress gradients on the airway wall, which is large enough to damage the epithelial cells, causing sub-lethal or lethal responses. In this study, we explore the effect of the viscoelastic properties of mucus by means of the Oldroyd-B and FENE-CR model. Viscoelasticity is shown to be very relevant in the post-coalescence process, introducing a second peak of the wall shear stresses. This second peak is related to an elastic instability due to the presence of the polymeric extra stresses. For high-enough Weissenberg and Laplace numbers, this second shear stress peak is as severe as the first one. Consequently, a second lethal or sub-lethal response of the epithelial cells is induced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Romanò
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ONERA, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Centrale Lille, UMR 9014 - LMFL - Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille - Kampé de Fériet, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - M. Muradoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H. Fujioka
- Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - J. B. Grotberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nasal Powder Formulations: In-Vitro Characterisation of the Impact of Powders on Nasal Residence Time and Sensory Effects. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030385. [PMID: 33805779 PMCID: PMC8001606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery is still primarily associated with locally-effective drugs, but next-generation products utilising the benefits of nasal administration—such as easy access to a relatively permeable mucosa, the presence of immunocompetent cells, and a direct route to the brain—are under investigation. Nasal powders offer the potential to improve the drugs’ effects by providing higher resistance against the mucociliary clearance, and thus prolonging the contact time of the drug with its target site. However, suitable and easy-to-use in-vitro setups tailored to the characterisation of this effect are missing. In this study, a selection of excipients for powder formulations were used to evaluate the applicability of different methods which investigate the influence on the contact time. The combination of the assessment of rheological properties, dynamic vapour sorption, and adhesiveness on agar–mucin plates was found to be a valuable predictive tool. For the additional assessment of the sensations associated with the close contact of powders and the mucosa, a slug mucosal irritation assay was conducted and adapted to powders. These methods are regarded as being especially useful for comparative screenings in early formulation development.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang BX, Wu CM, Ribbeck K. Home, sweet home: how mucus accommodates our microbiota. FEBS J 2021; 288:1789-1799. [PMID: 32755014 PMCID: PMC8739745 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a natural environment for human-microbiota interactions, healthy mucus houses a remarkably stable and diverse microbial community. Maintaining this microbiota is essential to human health, both to support the commensal bacteria that perform a wide array of beneficial functions and to prevent the outgrowth of pathogens. However, how the host selects and maintains a specialized microbiota remains largely unknown. In this viewpoint, we propose several strategies by which mucus may regulate the composition and function of the human microbiota and discuss how compromised mucus barriers in disease can give rise to microbial dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin X Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Advanced materials for drug delivery across mucosal barriers. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:13-29. [PMID: 33141051 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic gel that traps pathogens and other foreign particles to limit their penetration into the underlying epithelium. Dosage forms containing particle-based drug delivery systems are trapped in mucosal layers and will be removed by mucus turnover. Mucoadhesion avoids premature wash-off and prolongs the residence time of drugs on mucus. Moreover, mucus penetration is essential for molecules to access the underlying epithelial tissues. Various strategies have been investigated to achieve mucoadhesion and mucus penetration of drug carriers. Innovations in materials used for the construction of drug-carrier systems allowed the development of different mucoadhesion and mucus penetration delivery systems. Over the last decade, advances in the field of materials chemistry, with a focus on biocompatibility, have led to the expansion of the pool of materials available for drug delivery applications. The choice of materials in mucosal delivery is generally dependent on the intended therapeutic target and nature of the mucosa at the site of absorption. This review presents an up-to-date account of materials including synthesis, physical and chemical modifications of mucoadhesive materials, nanocarriers, viral mimics used for the construction of mucosal drug delivery systems.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hashemipour M, Vosough M, Najafi M, Shahinozzaman M, Hushmandi K, Khan H, Mirzaei H. Sensing the scent of death: Modulation of microRNAs by Curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Adnet T, Groo AC, Picard C, Davis A, Corvaisier S, Since M, Bounoure F, Rochais C, Le Pluart L, Dallemagne P, Malzert-Fréon A. Pharmacotechnical Development of a Nasal Drug Delivery Composite Nanosystem Intended for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030251. [PMID: 32168767 PMCID: PMC7151011 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct nose-to-brain delivery has been raised as a non-invasive powerful strategy to deliver drugs to the brain bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study aimed at preparing and characterizing an innovative composite formulation, associating the liposome and hydrogel approaches, suitable for intranasal administration. Thermosensitive gel formulations were obtained based on a mixture of two hydrophilic polymers (Poloxamer 407, P407 and Poloxamer 188, P188) for a controlled delivery through nasal route via liposomes of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of potential interest for Alzheimer’s disease. The osmolarity and the gelation temperature (T° sol-gel) of formulations, defined in a ternary diagram, were investigated by rheometry and visual determination. Regarding the issue of assays, a mixture composed of P407/P188 (15/1%, w/w) was selected for intranasal administration in terms of T° sol-gel and for the compatibility with the olfactory mucosal (280 ± 20 mOsmol, pH 6). Liposomes of API were prepared by the thin film hydration method. Mucoadhesion studies were performed by using mucin disc, and they showed the good natural mucoadhesive characteristics of in situ gel formulations, which increased when liposomes were added. The study demonstrated successful pharmacotechnical development of a promising API-loaded liposomes in a thermosensitive hydrogel intended for nasal Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Adnet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
- CHU, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Groo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.-C.G.); (A.M.-F.); Tel.: +33-231-566819 (A.M.-F.)
| | - Céline Picard
- UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, EA 3221, Normandie University,76063 Le Havre, France;
| | - Audrey Davis
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Sophie Corvaisier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Marc Since
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Frédéric Bounoure
- UFR of Health, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical & Biopharmaceutical technology, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, 76183 Rouen CEDEX, France;
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Loïc Le Pluart
- LCMT, UMR CNRS 6507, EnsiCaen UniCaen, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Aurélie Malzert-Fréon
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France; (T.A.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.-C.G.); (A.M.-F.); Tel.: +33-231-566819 (A.M.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kirtsreesakul V, Leelapong J, Ruttanaphol S. Can a Pretreatment Visual Analog Scale Predict Treatment Outcome in Allergic Rhinitis? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:285-291. [PMID: 32018258 DOI: 10.1159/000505745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The visual analogue scale (VAS) is a simple and useful tool to assess the severity of allergic rhinitis. Whether a pretreatment VAS score can guide appropriate medication is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a pretreatment VAS score could be used to predict therapeutic response. METHODS A prospective 4-week cohort study involving 101 allergic rhinitis patients was carried out. All patients were treated with triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray 220 μg once daily for 28 days. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using VAS scores (0-10 cm), total nasal symptoms scores (TNSSs), nasal mucociliary clearance times (NMCCTs), and global symptom controls (GSCs). The minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) method was used to separate the patients into with and without improvement groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of pretreatment VAS scores in relation to MCIDs after treatment. RESULTS Pretreatment VAS scores showed a positive correlation with pretreatment TNSSs and NMCCTs (ρ = 0.66, p < 0.001 and r = 0.44, p < 0.001, respectively), and a negative correlation with GSCs after treatment (r = -0.53, p < 0.001). The MCID values of TNSSs and NMCCTs were 3.19 and 2.78, respectively. The cutoff value of pretreatment VAS ranged between 6.5 and 7.7 points, with an average value of 7.1. CONCLUSION A pretreatment VAS score of 7 or higher was associated with an unfavorable treatment outcome, which suggests the potential therapeutic predictive value of VAS scoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virat Kirtsreesakul
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand,
| | - Jitanong Leelapong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Suwalee Ruttanaphol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Assis FR, Narasimhan B, Ziai W, Tandri H. From systemic to selective brain cooling - Methods in review. Brain Circ 2019; 5:179-186. [PMID: 31950093 PMCID: PMC6950511 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_23_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) remains one of the few proven neuroprotective modalities available in clinical practice today. Although targeting lower temperatures during TH seems to benefit ischemic brain cells, systemic side effects associated with global hypothermia limit its clinical applicability. Therefore, the ability to selectively reduce the temperature of the brain while minimally impacting core temperature allows for maximizing neurological benefit over systemic complications. In that scenario, selective brain cooling (SBC) has emerged as a promising modality of TH. In this report, we reviewed the general concepts of TH, from systemic to selective brain hypothermia, and explored the different cooling strategies and respective evidence, including preclinical and clinical data. SBC has been investigated in different animal models with promising results, wherein organ-specific, rapid, and deep target brain temperature managements stand out as major advantages over systemic TH. Nevertheless, procedure-related complications and adverse events still remain a concern, limiting clinical translation. Different invasive and noninvasive methods for SBC have been clinically investigated with variable results, and although adverse effects were still reported in some studies, therapies rendered overall safe profiles. Further study is needed to define the optimal technique, timing of initiation, rate and length of cooling as well as target temperature and rewarming protocols for different indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio R Assis
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bharat Narasimhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai St. Lukes-Roosevelt, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy Ziai
- Division of Anesthesia and Neurocritical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma Z, Wang N, He H, Tang X. Pharmaceutical strategies of improving oral systemic bioavailability of curcumin for clinical application. J Control Release 2019; 316:359-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Periciliary Liquid Layer: Ciliary Abnormalities in Respiratory Diseases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9194033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human pulmonary epithelial cells are protected by two layers of fluid—the outer watery periciliary liquid layer (PCL) and the uppermost non-Newtonian mucus layer (ML). Aerosols and inhaled toxic particles are trapped by the ML which must then be removed swiftly to avoid adverse health implications. Epithelial cells are covered with cilia that beat rapidly within the PCL. Such ciliary motion drives the mucus transport. Although cilia can penetrate slightly inside the mucus to assist mucus movement, the motion of the underlying PCL layer within the airway surface liquid (ASL) is significant in mucus and pathogens transport. As such, a detailed parametric study of the influence of different abnormal cilia characteristics, such as low beating frequency, short length, abnormal beating pattern, reduced ciliary density, and epithelium patchiness due to missing cilia on the PCL transport, is carried out numerically. Such abnormalities are found in various chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, the shear stress at the epithelium is assessed due to the importance of shear stress on the epithelial function. Using the immersed boundary (IB) method combined with the finite-difference projection method, we found that the PCL, under standard healthy conditions, has net forward motion but that different diseased conditions decrease the forward motion of the PCL, as is expected based on clinical understanding.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kirtsreesakul V, Leelapong J, Ruttanaphol S. Correlation Between Peak Nasal Flow Reversibility and Mucociliary Clearance in Allergic Rhinitis. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:1372-1376. [PMID: 31385622 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Reversibility of nasal airflow after decongestion measured by rhinomanometry is associated with the severity of allergic inflammation. Peak nasal flow is a simpler alternative method for assessing nasal patency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between changes in peak nasal expiratory and inspiratory flows (PNEFs and PNIFs) after decongestion and nasal mucociliary clearance times (NMCCTs). STUDY DESIGN Single-center, prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS One hundred one allergic rhinitis patients were enrolled. Nasal symptoms and NMCCTs were assessed. PNEF and PNIF were performed before and after decongestion. Correlations between changes in PNEF and PNIF after decongestion and NMCCTs were analyzed. One-half the standard deviation of baseline peak nasal flows was used to estimate the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) and discriminate between patients with reversible mucosa and with irreversible mucosa. RESULTS PNEF showed more peak flow improvements after decongestion compared to PNIF. Changes in PNEF had better negative correlations with NMCCTs than PNIF (ρ = -0.49, P < .001 and ρ = -0.34, P < .001, respectively). The MCID values of the PNEF and PNIF were 27.93 and 19.74, respectively. In comparisons of NMCCTs between patients with or without MCID of peak nasal flow after decongestion, PNEF had better discrimination ability compared to PNIF (P = .003 and P = .026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The limitation of reversibility as measured by peak nasal flows could indirectly point to the affection of mucosal inflammation as indicated by NMCCTs. PNEF is more sensitive to assess peak flow changes after decongestion than PNIF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Laryngoscope, 130:1372-1376, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virat Kirtsreesakul
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Jitanong Leelapong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Suwalee Ruttanaphol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu IY, Bala S, Škalko-Basnet N, di Cagno MP. Interpreting non-linear drug diffusion data: Utilizing Korsmeyer-Peppas model to study drug release from liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105026. [PMID: 31374254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to clarify the dynamics behind the influence of ionic strength on the changes in drug release from large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). For this purpose, we have investigated the transport of two different model drugs (caffeine and hydrocortisone) formulated into liposomes through different types of barriers with different retention properties (regenerated cellulose and the newly introduced biomimetic barrier, Permeapad®). Drug release from liposomes was studied utilizing the standard Franz diffusion cells. LUV dispersions were exposed to the isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic environment (difference of 300 mOsm/kg between the initial LUVs and the environment) and experimental data treated with both linear and non-linear (Korsmeyer-Peppas) regression models. To alter the rigidity of the liposomal membranes, cholesterol was introduced in the liposomal barriers (up to 25% w/w). Korsmeyer-Peppas model was proven to be suited to analyse experimental data throughout the experimental time frame, providing important additive information in comparison to standard linear approximation. The obtained results are highly relevant as they improve the interpretation of drug release kinetics from LUVs under osmotic stress. Moreover, the findings can be utilized in the development of liposomal formulations intended for nose-to-brain targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iren Yeeling Wu
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sonali Bala
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shang Y, Inthavong K, Tu J. Development of a computational fluid dynamics model for mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity. J Biomech 2019; 85:74-83. [PMID: 30685195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal drug delivery has attracted significant attention because of the opportunity to deliver systemic drugs directly to the blood stream. However, the mucociliary clearance poses a challenge in gaining high efficacy of intranasal drug delivery because cilia continuously carry the mucus blanket towards the laryngeal region. To better understand mucus flow behaviour on the human nasal cavity wall, we present computational model development, and evaluation of mucus motion on a realistic nasal cavity model reconstructed from CT-scans. The model development involved two approaches based on the actual nasal cavity geometry namely: (i) unwrapped-surface model in 2D domain and (ii) 3D-shell model. Conservation equations of fluid motion were applied to the domains, where a mucus production source term was used to initiate the mucus motion. The analysis included mucus flow patterns, virtual saccharin tests and quantitative velocity magnitude analysis, which demonstrated that the 3D-shell model results provided better agreement with experimental data. The unwrapped-surface model also suffered from mesh-deformations during the unwrapping stage and this led to higher mucus velocity compared to experimental data. Therefore, the 3D-shell model was recommended for future mucus flow simulations. As a first step towards mucus motion modelling this study provides important information that accurately simulates a mucus velocity field on a human nasal cavity wall, for assessment of toxicology and efficacy of intranasal drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Shang
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Kiao Inthavong
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, PO Box 1021, Beijing 100086, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mathematical modelling of pressure-driven micropolar biological flow due to metachronal wave propulsion of beating cilia. Math Biosci 2018; 301:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
Pandey R, Zhang C, Kang JW, Desai PM, Dasari RR, Barman I, Valdez TA. Differential diagnosis of otitis media with effusion using label-free Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700259. [PMID: 29232053 PMCID: PMC6423968 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an important and common condition affecting hearing in pediatric patients characterized by the presence of fluid in the middle ear space. The fluid is normally described as serous or mucoid based on differences in the fluid viscosity. The differential diagnosis of two OMEs, namely serous and mucoid is of significant clinical value because while the former is self-limiting, surgical procedure is commonly required for the latter. However, accurate identification of fluid types remains a challenging target unattainable with current clinical modalities due to unavailability of nonperturbative molecular tools. Here, we report an emerging spectroscopy approach featuring Raman scattering and multivariate analysis of spectral patterns to discern serous and mucoid fluids, obtained from pediatric patients undergoing myringotomy and tube placement, by providing information of differentially expressed molecules with high specificity. We demonstrate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy-based approach to categorize middle ear effusion based on the characteristic spectral markers, notably of mucin, with classification accuracy of 91% and 93% for serous and mucoid, respectively. Our findings pave the way for further development of such a tool for fully noninvasive application that will lead to objective and accurate diagnosis thereby reducing unnecessary visits and surgical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Pandey
- Connecticut Children’s Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeon W. Kang
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Parind M. Desai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ramachandra R. Dasari
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence: Ishan Barman, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218. , Tulio A. Valdez, Connecticut Children’s Innovation Center, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032.
| | - Tulio A. Valdez
- Connecticut Children’s Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
- Correspondence: Ishan Barman, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218. , Tulio A. Valdez, Connecticut Children’s Innovation Center, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schneider-Futschik EK, Paulin OKA, Hoyer D, Roberts KD, Ziogas J, Baker MA, Karas J, Li J, Velkov T. Sputum Active Polymyxin Lipopeptides: Activity against Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates and Their Interactions with Sputum Biomolecules. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:646-655. [PMID: 29566483 PMCID: PMC5952261 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
mucoid biofilm mode of growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in the lungs of cystic fibrosis
patients makes eradication of infections with antibiotic therapy very
difficult. The lipopeptide antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin are
currently the last-resort therapies for infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. In the present study, we investigated
the antibacterial activity of a series of polymyxin lipopeptides (polymyxin
B, colistin, FADDI-003, octapeptin A3, and polymyxin A2) against a panel of polymyxin-susceptible and polymyxin-resistant P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates grown under
planktonic or biofilm conditions in artificial sputum and their interactions
with sputum component biomolecules. In sputum media under planktonic
conditions, the lipopeptides FADDI-003 and octapeptin A3 displayed very promising activity against the polymyxin-resistant
isolate FADDI-PA066 (polymyxin B minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) = 32 mg/L), while retaining their activity against the polymyxin-sensitive
strains FADDI-PA021 (polymyxin B MIC = 1 mg/L) and FADDI-PA020 (polymyxin
B MIC = 2 mg/L). Polymyxin A2 was only effective against
the polymyxin-sensitive isolates. However, under biofilm growth conditions,
the hydrophobic lipopeptide FADDI-003 was inactive compared to the
more hydrophilic lipopeptides, octapeptin A3, polymyxin
A2, polymyxin B, and colistin. Transmission electron micrographs
revealed octapeptin A3 caused reduction in the cell numbers
in biofilm as well as biofilm disruption/“antibiofilm”
activity. We therefore assessed the interactions of the lipopeptides
with the component sputum biomolecules, mucin, deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA), surfactant, F-actin, lipopolysaccharide, and phospholipids.
We observed the general trend that sputum biomolecules reduce lipopeptide
antibacterial activity. Collectively, our data suggests that, in the
airways, lipopeptide binding to component sputum biomolecules may
reduce antibacterial efficacy and is dependent on the physicochemical
properties of the lipopeptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena K. Schneider-Futschik
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Olivia K. A. Paulin
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kade D. Roberts
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James Ziogas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A. Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - John Karas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Menon-Miyake MA, de Oliveira RC, Lorenzi-Filho G, Saldiva PHN, Butugan O. Luffa Operculata Affects Mucociliary Function of the Isolated Frog Palate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/194589240501900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Luffa operculata is a medicinal plant used in homeopathic and alternative medicine. In the United States, it is sold in a purified spray form, whereas a homemade L. operculata dry fruit infusion (DFI) is commonly used in Latin America. The L. operculata DFI is applied intranasally, inducing profuse mucous secretion and relieving nasal symptoms. Nevertheless, this medication may cause irritation of the nasal mucosa, as well as epistaxis or anosmia. Given the growing popularity of alternative medicine, a decision was made to evaluate the effects of this substance on mucous membranes. Methods The effects of L. operculata DFI on mucociliary transport velocity, ciliary beat frequency, and transepithelial potential difference (PD) were evaluated in an isolated frog palate preparation. We tested 46 palates immediately before immersion and again at 5 and 20 minutes after immersion. Four groups (n = 10) were tested in frog Ringer: control; L. operculata DFI, 60 mg/L; 600 mg/L; and 1200 mg/L. An additional group was tested using L. operculata DFI prepared with water (600 mg/L of H2O, n = 6). Epithelial samples were harvested for ultrastructural study. Results In treated palates, mucociliary transport velocity and ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008, respectively). There was a dose-dependent decrease in PD modulus (p < .007). Our PD findings indicated ion-fluid transport abnormalities, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that showed enlargement of interepithelial spaces. Conclusion In this ex vivo model, the L. operculata DFI infusion promoted significant changes in the mucociliary function of the epithelium, suggesting that it is potentially noxious to human nasal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ossamu Butugan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Basu S, Frank-Ito DO, Kimbell JS. On computational fluid dynamics models for sinonasal drug transport: Relevance of nozzle subtraction and nasal vestibular dilation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e2946. [PMID: 29172251 PMCID: PMC5893392 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Generating anatomically realistic 3-dimensional (3D) models of the human sinonasal cavity for numerical investigations of sprayed drug transport presents a host of methodological ambiguities. For example, subject-specific radiographic images used for 3D reconstructions typically exclude spray bottles. Subtracting a bottle contour from the 3D airspace and dilating the anterior nasal vestibule for nozzle placement augment the complexity of model building. So we explored the question: how essential are these steps to adequately simulate nasal airflow and identify the optimal delivery conditions for intranasal sprays? In particular, we focused on particle deposition patterns in the maxillary sinus, a critical target site for chronic rhinosinusitis. The models were reconstructed from postsurgery computed tomography scans for a 39-year-old Caucasian male, with chronic rhinosinusitis history. Inspiratory airflow patterns during resting breathing are reliably tracked through computational fluid dynamics-based steady-state laminar-viscous modeling, and such regimes portray relative lack of sensitivity to inlet perturbations. Consequently, we hypothesized that the posterior airflow transport and the particle deposition trends should not be radically affected by the nozzle subtraction and vestibular dilation. The study involved 1 base model and 2 derived models; the latter 2 with nozzle contours (2 different orientations) subtracted from the dilated anterior segment of the left vestibule. We analyzed spray transport in the left maxillary sinus for multiple release conditions. Similar release points, localized on an approximately 2 mm × 4.5 mm contour, facilitated improved maxillary deposition in all 3 test cases. This suggests functional redundancy of nozzle insertion in a 3D numerical model for identifying the optimal spray release locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Basu
- Computing and Clinical Research Lab, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina – School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis O. Frank-Ito
- Div. of Head & Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Julia S. Kimbell
- Computing and Clinical Research Lab, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina – School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Little RE, Long CM, Loehrl TA, Poetker DM. Odontogenic sinusitis: A review of the current literature. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:110-114. [PMID: 29721543 PMCID: PMC5915825 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To present current literature on the topic of odontogenic sinusitis. Data Source PubMed literature search for odontogenic sinusitis. Results Odontogenic sinusitis is an inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses that is the result of dental pathology, most often resulting from prior dentoalveolar procedures, infections of maxillary dentition, or maxillary dental trauma. Infections are often polymicrobial with an anaerobe-predominant microbiome requiring special considerations for antimicrobial therapy. Medical management and treatment of the underlying dental pathology remains a critical initial step in the treatment of odontogenic sinusitis, however recent literature suggests that a significant portion of patients may require endoscopic sinus surgery for successful disease resolution. Conclusions This review describes the essential epidemiological and etiological factors, relevant clinical findings and diagnostic modalities, microbiologic and antimicrobial considerations, as well as the medical and surgical treatment approaches commonly utilized for the management of odontogenic sinusitis. Level of Evidence NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Little
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A.,Milwaukee VA Medical Center (Zablocki) Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
| | - Christopher M Long
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A.,Milwaukee VA Medical Center (Zablocki) Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
| | - Todd A Loehrl
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A.,Milwaukee VA Medical Center (Zablocki) Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
| | - David M Poetker
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A.,Milwaukee VA Medical Center (Zablocki) Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Physical and geometric constraints shape the labyrinth-like nasal cavity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2936-2941. [PMID: 29507204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714795115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is a vital component of the respiratory system that heats and humidifies inhaled air in all vertebrates. Despite this common function, the shapes of nasal cavities vary widely across animals. To understand this variability, we here connect nasal geometry to its function by theoretically studying the airflow and the associated scalar exchange that describes heating and humidification. We find that optimal geometries, which have minimal resistance for a given exchange efficiency, have a constant gap width between their side walls, while their overall shape can adhere to the geometric constraints imposed by the head. Our theory explains the geometric variations of natural nasal cavities quantitatively, and we hypothesize that the trade-off between high exchange efficiency and low resistance to airflow is the main driving force shaping the nasal cavity. Our model further explains why humans, whose nasal cavities evolved to be smaller than expected for their size, become obligate oral breathers in aerobically challenging situations.
Collapse
|
33
|
Shaviv H, Rosen DJD, Ezra Y. Dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating a novel treatment approach. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1501933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Shaviv
- GalMedics Biotech Ltd, 22 Havazelet st., Mevaseret Zion 9079265, Israel
| | - Doron J. D. Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kefar Saba, Israel
| | - Yossef Ezra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Martínez-Castillo M, Cárdenas-Guerra RE, Arroyo R, Debnath A, Rodríguez MA, Sabanero M, Flores-Sánchez F, Navarro-Garcia F, Serrano-Luna J, Shibayama M. Nf-GH, a glycosidase secreted by Naegleria fowleri, causes mucin degradation: an in vitro and in vivo study. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:781-799. [PMID: 28608712 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to identify, characterize and evaluate the pathogenic role of mucinolytic activity released by Naegleria fowleri. MATERIALS & METHODS Zymograms, protease inhibitors, anion exchange chromatography, MALDI-TOF-MS, enzymatic assays, Western blot, and confocal microscopy were used to identify and characterize a secreted mucinase; inhibition assays using antibodies, dot-blots and mouse survival tests were used to evaluate the mucinase as a virulence factor. RESULTS A 94-kDa protein with mucinolytic activity was inducible and abolished by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. MALDI-TOF-MS identified a glycoside hydrolase. Specific antibodies against N. fowleri-glycoside hydrolase inhibit cellular damage and MUC5AC degradation, and delay mouse mortality. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that secretory products from N. fowleri play an important role in mucus degradation during the invasion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Martínez-Castillo
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elena Cárdenas-Guerra
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rossana Arroyo
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Anjan Debnath
- Center for Discovery & Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mario Alberto Rodríguez
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Myrna Sabanero
- Department of Biology, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Noria Alta, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Fernando Flores-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Fernando Navarro-Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Nasal delivery offers many benefits over traditional approaches to vaccine administration. These include ease of administration without needles that reduces issues associated with needlestick injuries and disposal. Additionally, this route offers easy access to a key part of the immune system that can stimulate other mucosal sites throughout the body. Increased acceptance of nasal vaccine products in both adults and children has led to a burgeoning pipeline of nasal delivery technology. Key challenges and opportunities for the future will include translating in vivo data to clinical outcomes. Particular focus should be brought to designing delivery strategies that take into account the broad range of diseases, populations and healthcare delivery settings that stand to benefit from this unique mucosal route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmy Yusuf
- a School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast , Belfast , Antrim , UK
| | - Vicky Kett
- b School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast , Belfast , Antrim , UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Boya VN, Lovett R, Setua S, Gandhi V, Nagesh PKB, Khan S, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Probing mucin interaction behavior of magnetic nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 488:258-268. [PMID: 27837716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by precipitation of iron salts in the presence of ammonia and created four different formulations: without functionality (plain MNPs, no coating), with β-cyclodextrin (MNPs+β-CD) or pluronic 127 polymer (MNPs+F-127), and both β-cyclodextrin and pluronic 127 polymer (MNPs+β-CD-F-127) functionality for its efficient use in mucosal delivery. We studied the interaction and/or binding behavior of these MNPs formulations with porcine stomach mucin using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, and then quantified the bound mucin from absorption studies. Toxicity of these MNPs against cervical cancer cells and red blood cells was evaluated. Ex-vivo studies were performed using freshly collected gastrointestinal, ovarian, pancreas and colon organ tissues of pig to evaluate binding and uptake phenomenon of MNPs. Transport studies of these MNPs in mucin was evaluated using Boyden's chamber assay. All these studies together suggest that the MNPs+β-CD-F-127 formulation was strongly interacted with mucin and interestingly transported through mucin compared to other MNPs formulations. Hence, MNPs+β-CD-F-127 formulation could be a good candidate for the mucoadhesive biopharmaceuticals and drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar N Boya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516 001, AP, India
| | - Renn Lovett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vaibhav Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dutkiewicz EP, Urban PL. Quantitative mass spectrometry of unconventional human biological matrices. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150380. [PMID: 27644966 PMCID: PMC5031645 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensitive and versatile mass spectrometric methodology has fuelled interest in the analysis of metabolites and drugs in unconventional biological specimens. Here, we discuss the analysis of eight human matrices-hair, nail, breath, saliva, tears, meibum, nasal mucus and skin excretions (including sweat)-by mass spectrometry (MS). The use of such specimens brings a number of advantages, the most important being non-invasive sampling, the limited risk of adulteration and the ability to obtain information that complements blood and urine tests. The most often studied matrices are hair, breath and saliva. This review primarily focuses on endogenous (e.g. potential biomarkers, hormones) and exogenous (e.g. drugs, environmental contaminants) small molecules. The majority of analytical methods used chromatographic separation prior to MS; however, such a hyphenated methodology greatly limits analytical throughput. On the other hand, the mass spectrometric methods that exclude chromatographic separation are fast but suffer from matrix interferences. To enable development of quantitative assays for unconventional matrices, it is desirable to standardize the protocols for the analysis of each specimen and create appropriate certified reference materials. Overcoming these challenges will make analysis of unconventional human biological matrices more common in a clinical setting.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina P Dutkiewicz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rygg A, Longest PW. Absorption and Clearance of Pharmaceutical Aerosols in the Human Nose: Development of a CFD Model. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2016; 29:416-431. [PMID: 26824178 PMCID: PMC8662553 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict the deposition, dissolution, clearance, and absorption of pharmaceutical particles in the human nasal cavity. METHODS A three-dimensional nasal cavity geometry was converted to a surface-based model, providing an anatomically-accurate domain for the simulations. Particle deposition data from a commercial nasal spray product was mapped onto the surface model, and a mucus velocity field was calculated and validated with in vivo nasal clearance rates. A submodel for the dissolution of deposited particles was developed and validated based on comparisons to existing in vitro data for multiple pharmaceutical products. A parametric study was then performed to assess sensitivity of epithelial drug uptake to model conditions and assumptions. RESULTS The particle displacement distance (depth) in the mucus layer had a modest effect on overall drug absorption, while the mucociliary clearance rate was found to be primarily responsible for drug uptake over the timescale of nasal clearance for the corticosteroid mometasone furoate (MF). The model revealed that drug deposition in the nasal vestibule (NV) could slowly be transported into the main passage (MP) and then absorbed through connection of the liquid layer in the NV and MP regions. As a result, high intersubject variability in cumulative uptake was predicted, depending on the length of time the NV dose was left undisturbed without blowing or wiping the nose. CONCLUSIONS This study has developed, for the first time, a complete CFD model of nasal aerosol delivery from the point of spray formation through absorption at the respiratory epithelial surface. For the development and assessment of nasal aerosol products, this CFD-based in silico model provides a new option to complement existing in vitro nasal cast studies of deposition and in vivo imaging experiments of clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rygg
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - P. Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Duan Y, Zhang B, Chu L, Tong HHY, Liu W, Zhai G. Evaluation in vitro and in vivo of curcumin-loaded mPEG-PLA/TPGS mixed micelles for oral administration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:345-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
40
|
Rygg A, Hindle M, Longest PW. Absorption and Clearance of Pharmaceutical Aerosols in the Human Nose: Effects of Nasal Spray Suspension Particle Size and Properties. Pharm Res 2016; 33:909-21. [PMID: 26689412 PMCID: PMC8662548 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to use a recently developed nasal dissolution, absorption, and clearance (DAC) model to evaluate the extent to which suspended drug particle size influences nasal epithelial drug absorption for a spray product. METHODS Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of mucociliary clearance and drug dissolution were used to calculate total and microscale epithelial absorption of drug delivered with a nasal spray pump. Ranges of suspended particle sizes, drug solubilities, and partition coefficients were evaluated. RESULTS Considering mometasone furoate as an example, suspended drug particle sizes in the range of 1-5 μm did not affect the total nasal epithelial uptake. However, the microscale absorption of suspended drug particles with low solubilities was affected by particle size and this controlled the extent to which the drug penetrated into the distal nasal regions. CONCLUSIONS The nasal-DAC model was demonstrated to be a useful tool in determining the nasal exposure of spray formulations with different drug particle sizes and solubilities. Furthermore, the model illustrated a new strategy for topical nasal drug delivery in which drug particle size is selected to increase the region of epithelial surface exposure using mucociliary clearance while minimizing the drug dose exiting the nasopharynx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rygg
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843015, Richmond, Virginia, 23284-3015, USA
| | - P Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843015, Richmond, Virginia, 23284-3015, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
White DE, Bartley J, Nates RJ. Model demonstrates functional purpose of the nasal cycle. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:38. [PMID: 25907572 PMCID: PMC4416271 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the occurrence of the nasal cycle being well documented, the functional purpose of this phenomenon is not well understood. This investigation seeks to better understand the physiological objective of the nasal cycle in terms of airway health through the use of a computational nasal air-conditioning model. Method A new state-variable heat and water mass transfer model is developed to predict airway surface liquid (ASL) hydration status within each nasal airway. Nasal geometry, based on in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is used to apportion inter-nasal air flow. Results The results demonstrate that the airway conducting the majority of the airflow also experiences a degree of ASL dehydration, as a consequence of undertaking the bulk of the heat and water mass transfer duties. In contrast, the reduced air conditioning demand within the other airway allows its ASL layer to remain sufficiently hydrated so as to support continuous mucociliary clearance. Conclusions It is quantitatively demonstrated in this work how the nasal cycle enables the upper airway to accommodate the contrasting roles of air conditioning and the removal of entrapped contaminants through fluctuation in airflow partitioning between each airway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E White
- School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jim Bartley
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Roy J Nates
- School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vasquez PA, Forest MG. Complex Fluids and Soft Structures in the Human Body. COMPLEX FLUIDS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2065-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
43
|
Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
44
|
Levy R, Hill DB, Forest MG, Grotberg JB. Pulmonary fluid flow challenges for experimental and mathematical modeling. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:985-1000. [PMID: 25096289 PMCID: PMC4296202 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling the flow of fluid in the lungs, even under baseline healthy conditions, presents many challenges. The complex rheology of the fluids, interaction between fluids and structures, and complicated multi-scale geometry all add to the complexity of the problem. We provide a brief overview of approaches used to model three aspects of pulmonary fluid and flow: the surfactant layer in the deep branches of the lung, the mucus layer in the upper airway branches, and closure/reopening of the airway. We discuss models of each aspect, the potential to capture biological and therapeutic information, and open questions worthy of further investigation. We hope to promote multi-disciplinary collaboration by providing insights into mathematical descriptions of fluid-mechanics in the lung and the kinds of predictions these models can make.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Levy
- *Department of Mathematics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; The Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Mathematics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; NASA Bioscience and Engineering Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David B Hill
- *Department of Mathematics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; The Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Mathematics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; NASA Bioscience and Engineering Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M Gregory Forest
- *Department of Mathematics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; The Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Mathematics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; NASA Bioscience and Engineering Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James B Grotberg
- *Department of Mathematics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; The Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Mathematics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; NASA Bioscience and Engineering Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pradines B, Bories C, Vauthier C, Ponchel G, Loiseau PM, Bouchemal K. Drug-Free Chitosan Coated Poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles Are Active Against Trichomonas vaginalis and Non-Toxic Towards Pig Vaginal Mucosa. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1229-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
46
|
A biophysical basis for mucus solids concentration as a candidate biomarker for airways disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87681. [PMID: 24558372 PMCID: PMC3928107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In human airways diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), host defense is compromised and airways inflammation and infection often result. Mucus clearance and trapping of inhaled pathogens constitute key elements of host defense. Clearance rates are governed by mucus viscous and elastic moduli at physiological driving frequencies, whereas transport of trapped pathogens in mucus layers is governed by diffusivity. There is a clear need for simple and effective clinical biomarkers of airways disease that correlate with these properties. We tested the hypothesis that mucus solids concentration, indexed as weight percent solids (wt%), is such a biomarker. Passive microbead rheology was employed to determine both diffusive and viscoelastic properties of mucus harvested from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures. Guided by sputum from healthy (1.5–2.5 wt%) and diseased (COPD, CF; 5 wt%) subjects, mucus samples were generated in vitro to mimic in vivo physiology, including intermediate range wt% to represent disease progression. Analyses of microbead datasets showed mucus diffusive properties and viscoelastic moduli scale robustly with wt%. Importantly, prominent changes in both biophysical properties arose at ∼4 wt%, consistent with a gel transition (from a more viscous-dominated solution to a more elastic-dominated gel). These findings have significant implications for: (1) penetration of cilia into the mucus layer and effectiveness of mucus transport; and (2) diffusion vs. immobilization of micro-scale particles relevant to mucus barrier properties. These data provide compelling evidence for mucus solids concentration as a baseline clinical biomarker of mucus barrier and clearance functions.
Collapse
|
47
|
Rygg AD, van Duin ACT, Craven BA. Molecular dynamics simulations of water/mucus partition coefficients for feeding stimulants in fish and the implications for olfaction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72271. [PMID: 24023732 PMCID: PMC3759373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The odorant partition coefficient is a physicochemical property that has been shown to dramatically influence odorant deposition patterns in the mammalian nose, leading to a chromatographic separation of odorants along the sensory epithelium. It is unknown whether a similar phenomenon occurs in fish. Here we utilize molecular dynamics simulations, based on a simplified molecular model of olfactory mucus, to calculate water/mucus partition coefficients for amino acid odorants (alanine, glycine, cysteine, and valine) that are known to elicit feeding behavior in fish. Both fresh water and salt water environments are considered. In fresh water, all four amino acids prefer the olfactory mucus phase to water, and the partition coefficient is shown to correlate with amino acid hydrophobicity. In salt water, a reversal in odorant partitioning is found, where each of the feeding stimulants (except glycine) prefer the water phase to olfactory mucus. This is due to the interactions between the salt ions and the odorant molecules (in the water phase), and between the salt and simplified mucin (in the olfactory mucus phase). Thus, slightly different odorant deposition patterns may occur in the fish olfactory organ in fresh and salt water environments. However, in both underwater environments we found that the variation of the water/mucus odorant partition coefficient is approximately one order of magnitude, in stark contrast to air/mucus odorant partition coefficients that can span up to six orders of magnitude. We therefore anticipate relatively similar deposition patterns for most amino acid odorants in the fish olfactory chamber. Thus, in contrast to terrestrial species, living in an underwater environment may preclude appreciable chromatographic odorant separation that may be used for spatial coding of odor identity across the olfactory epithelium. This is consistent with the reported lack of spatial organization of olfactory receptor neurons in the fish olfactory epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex D. Rygg
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ADR); (BAC)
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brent A. Craven
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ADR); (BAC)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
A physical explanation of the temperature dependence of physiological processes mediated by cilia and flagella. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:14693-8. [PMID: 23959901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300891110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of biological rates are known to exhibit temperature dependence. Here I reveal a direct link between temperature and ecologically relevant rates such as swimming speeds in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes as well as fluid-pumping and filtration rates in many metazoans, and show that this relationship is driven by movement rates of cilia and flagella. I develop models of the temperature dependence of cilial and flagellar movement rates and evaluate these with an extensive compilation of data from the literature. The model captures the temperature dependence of viscosity and provides a mechanistic and biologically interpretable explanation for the temperature dependence of a range of ecologically relevant processes; it also reveals a clear dependence on both reaction rate-like processes and the physics of the environment. The incorporation of viscosity allows further insight into the effects of environmental temperature variation and of processes, such as disease, that affect the viscosity of blood or other body fluids.
Collapse
|
49
|
Physical characteristics of commercial and home-made nasal lavage solutions. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2013; 128 Suppl 1:S40-3. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215113001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:Nasal saline lavage forms a cornerstone of chronic rhinosinusitis management. A number of saline lavage recipes and products are currently available but little is known of their relative physical characteristics.Aims:To determine the osmolarity and pH of nasal lavage solutions, both commercial preparations and home-made recipes, and to determine the reproducibility of saline solution preparation.Methods:Five home-made recipes and two commercial products were prepared in triplicate and analysed. Eight consecutive clinic patients prepared a commercial product and 11 prepared a home-made recipe, and the osmolarity and pH were measured.Results:The osmolarity of the solutions varied widely, from 140 to 788 mmol/l and the pH varied from 7.88 to 8.50. The commercial and home-made solutions had similar reproducibility when prepared by patients.Conclusion:Some recipes were markedly hypo-osmolar and some were hyper-osmolar. All were slightly alkaline. The home-made recipes had similar physical characteristics and reproducibility to commercial preparations.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sigurdsson HH, Kirch J, Lehr CM. Mucus as a barrier to lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:56-64. [PMID: 23727593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex hydrogel, comprising glycoproteins, lipids, salts, DNA, enzymes and cellular debris, covering many epithelial surfaces in the human body. Once secreted, mucin forms a barrier to protect the underlying tissues against the extracellular environment. Mucus can therefore adversely affect the absorption or action of drugs administered by the oral, pulmonary, vaginal, nasal or other routes. Solubility and lipophilicity are key factors determining drug absorption, as a drug has to be soluble in the body fluids at the site of absorption and must also possess enough lipophilicity to permeate the biological membrane. Evidence has accumulated over the past 40 years indicating that poorly soluble drugs will interact with mucus glycoprotein. Studies of the permeability of native or purified mucous gels are important when it comes to understanding the relative importance of hindered diffusion versus drug binding in mucous layers. This review highlights the current understanding of the drug-mucin interaction and also examines briefly the interaction of polymers and particles with the mucus matrix. While the concept of mucoadhesion was thought to provide an intensified and prolonged contact to mucosal absorption sites, mucopenetrating properties are nowadays being discussed for (nano)particulate carriers to overcome the mucus as a barrier and enhance drug delivery through mucus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakon H Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|