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Futschek IE, Schernhammer E, Haslacher H, Stögmann E, Lehrner J. Homocysteine - A predictor for five year-mortality in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112045. [PMID: 36509298 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are preclinical stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which is the most common entity of dementia. Homocysteine is an amino acid in the methionine cycle, and many studies revealed a significant association between elevated homocysteine serum levels and the progression of dementia. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to investigate whether elevated homocysteine serum levels could be associated with mortality and neuropsychological test results in individuals suffering from SCD, MCI or AD. METHODS This study is a single-center explorative retrospective data analysis with 976 data protocols from the Memory Outpatient's Clinic of the Medical University of Vienna included. All patients underwent a neurological examination, a laboratory blood test, and neuropsychological testing to establish a diagnosis of either SCD, MCI, or AD. Data was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier functions, factor analysis, and binary logistic regression models. RESULTS Patients with AD showed significantly higher mean homocysteine levels (SCD 12.15 ± 4.71, MCI 12.80 ± 4.81, AD 15.0 ± 6.44 μmol/L) compared to those with SCD and MCI (p ≤ .001). The mean age of patients with AD (75.2 ± 7.8) was significantly older at the time of testing than of patients with MCI (69.1 ± 9.6) or SCD (66.8 ± 9.3). Since homocysteine levels increase with age, this could be a possible explanation for the higher levels of AD patients. The age at death did not differ significantly between all diagnostic subgroups, resulting in the shortest survival times for AD patients. Homocysteine levels were negatively associated with in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Neuropsyhcological Test Battery Vienna (NTBV) factors F1-F4 (F1 = attention, F2 = memory, F3 = executive functions, F4 = naming/verbal comprehension). Moreover, higher homocysteine levels significantly predicted shorter five-year survival in the logistic regression models, even after adjusting for age, diagnostic subgroups, sex, years of education and results of neuropsychological testing. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that homocysteine levels are independently associated with impaired cognitive function and increased five-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna
| | - E Stögmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Lehrner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Vikøren LA, Drotningsvik A, Midttun Ø, McCann A, Bergseth MT, Austgulen MH, Mellgren G, Ueland PM, Gudbrandsen OA. Baked cod consumption delayed the development of kidney and liver dysfunction and affected plasma amino acid concentrations, but did not affect blood pressure, blood glucose or liver triacylglycerol concentrations in obese fa/fa Zucker rats. Nutr Res 2021; 92:72-83. [PMID: 34274556 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in amino acid metabolism, and studies show that ingestion of fish proteins influence amino acid composition in plasma and urine, in addition to affecting risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Since the majority of fish proteins consumed by humans are as fish fillet, it is of interest to investigate if cod fillet intake affects amino acid composition and metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that a modified AIN-93G diet containing cod fillet would affect amino acid compositions in plasma and urine in obese rats, and also affect risk factors for metabolic syndrome when compared to rats fed a regular AIN-93G diet with casein as the protein source. Obese Zucker fa/fa rats, a rat model of metabolic syndrome, received diets containing 25% protein from lyophilized baked cod fillet and 75% protein from casein (Baked cod diet), or a Control diet with casein for four weeks. The Baked cod diet affected the amino acid composition in plasma, with e.g., lower glycine, histidine, homoarginine, homocysteine, methionine, proline and tyrosine concentrations, but did not affect amino acid concentrations in urine. The concentrations of markers for kidney and liver dysfunction were lower in the Baked cod group, however blood pressure development, fasting and postprandial glucose, and hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations were similar to the Control group. To conclude, substituting 25% of dietary protein with baked cod fillet affected concentrations of some amino acids in plasma and delayed development of kidney and liver dysfunction, but did not affect blood pressure, glucose concentration or fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn A Vikøren
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Marthe T Bergseth
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Maren H Austgulen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Oddrun A Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Ardalan M, Miesner MD, Reinhardt CD, Thomson DU, Armendariz CK, Smith JS, Titgemeyer EC. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on nitrogen retention and methionine flux in cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6308973. [PMID: 34165572 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine stores high-energy phosphate bonds in muscle and is synthesized in the liver through methylation of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). Supplementation of GAA may therefore increase methyl group requirements, and this may affect methyl group utilization. Our experiment evaluated the metabolic responses of growing cattle to postruminal supplementation of GAA, in a model where methionine (Met) was deficient, with and without Met supplementation. Seven ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (161 kg initial body weight [BW]) were limit-fed a soybean hull-based diet (2.7 kg/d dry matter) and received continuous abomasal infusions of an essential amino acid (AA) mixture devoid of Met to ensure that no AA besides Met limited animal performance. To provide energy without increasing the microbial protein supply, all steers received ruminal infusions of 200 g/d acetic acid, 200 g/d propionic acid, and 50 g/d butyric acid, as well as abomasal infusions of 300 g/d glucose. Treatments, provided abomasally, were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial in a split-plot design, and included 0 or 6 g/d of l-Met and 0, 7.5, and 15 g/d of GAA. The experiment included six 10-d periods. Whole body Met flux was measured using continuous jugular infusion of 1-13C-l-Met and methyl-2H3-l-Met. Nitrogen retention was elevated by Met supplementation (P < 0.01). Supplementation with GAA tended to increase N retention when it was supplemented along with Met, but not when it was supplemented without Met. Supplementing GAA linearly increased plasma concentrations of GAA and creatine (P < 0.001), but treatments did not affect urinary excretion of GAA, creatine, or creatinine. Supplementation with Met decreased plasma homocysteine (P < 0.01). Supplementation of GAA tended (P = 0.10) to increase plasma homocysteine when no Met was supplemented, but not when 6 g/d Met was provided. Protein synthesis and protein degradation were both increased by GAA supplementation when no Met was supplemented, but decreased by GAA supplementation when 6 g/d Met were provided. Loss of Met through transsulfuration was increased by Met supplementation, whereas synthesis of Met from remethylation of homocysteine was decreased by Met supplementation. No differences in transmethylation, transsulfuration, or remethylation reactions were observed in response to GAA supplementation. The administration of GAA, when methyl groups are not limiting, has the potential to improve lean tissue deposition and cattle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Ardalan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Matt D Miesner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Christopher D Reinhardt
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Daniel U Thomson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cheryl K Armendariz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - J Scott Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Evan C Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Onyemelukwe OU, Maiha BB. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia, selected determinants and relation to hypertension severity in Northern-Nigerian hypertensives: the ABU homocysteine survey. Ghana Med J 2021; 54:17-29. [PMID: 32863409 PMCID: PMC7445707 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in Northern-Nigerian hypertensives and its association with hypertension severity and some major determinants as data regarding these are lacking in sub-Saharan Africa. Method A Community-based cross-sectional study done on 120 randomly-selected hypertensive patients who responded to an ABU radio frequency modulated invitation for free health-screening at the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Medical Centre from January 2016 to June 2016. The percentage of participants with high homocysteine levels, their anthropometric parameters and blood pressures were determined. Plasma homocysteine (hcy) was classified as normal (5–15), moderate (>15–30), intermediate (31–100) and severe (>100) µmol/L. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied and log-transformed homocysteine (Ln10Homocysteine) was correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as age, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension duration and Ln10folate in males and females using the Pearson's Correlation analysis. Results There were 83(69.2%) females and 37(30.8%) males with Median homocysteine of 20.8 µmol/L and 22.0 µmol/L respectively (p=0.003). Hyperhomocysteinaemia was found in 118(98.3%) hypertensives while 2(1.7%) subjects had normo-homocysteinaemia. Moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia (Median, 20.8 µmol/L) was identified in 105(87.5%) and intermediate (Median, 40 µmol/L) in 13(10.8%) (p<0.001). No subject had severe hyperhomocysteinaemia. Homocysteine was higher (p=0.003) in subjects with Stage 2 systolic hypertension. Ln10Homocysteine was significantly (p<0.001) correlated with blood pressure (SBP: r=0.45; DBP: r=0.40) and age (r=0.33). Conclusion The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in North-Western Nigerian hypertensives is high as against normal healthy controls. Plasma homocysteine is higher with severe systolic hypertension and positively associated with age. Funding No specific grants but Micro Nova Pharmaceuticals Limited, Nigeria and Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries, Lagos, Nigeria supported with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiageli U Onyemelukwe
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Bilkisu B Maiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria
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Figueroa-Torres AG, Matias-Aguilar LO, Coria-Ramirez E, Bonilla-Gonzalez E, Gonzalez-Marquez H, Ibarra-Gonzalez I, Hernandez-Lopez JR, Hernandez-Juarez J, Dominguez-Reyes VM, Isordia-Salas I, Majluf-Cruz A. Cystathionine β-synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations in Mexican individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120974193. [PMID: 33282308 PMCID: PMC7682208 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120974193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia, a thrombotic risk factor, may have several causes. Among the genetic causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, there are polymorphisms in the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) and cystathionine β-synthase (C699T, C1080T, and 844ins68). Although the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in our country is high, there is no evidence about the frequencies of these polymorphisms. Methods: We analyzed 80 healthy individuals from several regions in our country. We evaluated the fasting and post-oral methionine load plasma Hcy and the genotypes in order to obtain the allele frequencies of the polymorphisms C677T of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and C699T, C1080T, and 844ins68 of the cystathionine β-synthase. Results: No individual had deficiency of folic acid, vitamins B12, or B6, but 80% had post-oral methionine load hyperhomocysteinemia. We found a significant increase in the Hcy plasma concentration associated with age and gender. Only the polymorphism C1080T was significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusion: There is an association between fasting and post-oral methionine load plasma Hcy concentrations with the allelic frequencies of the polymorphisms C669T, 844ins68, and C1080T of the cystathionine β-synthase and C667T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in healthy Mexican individuals. As compared with individuals with normal fasting or post-oral methionine load Hcy plasma levels, only C1080T was significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahi Guadalupe Figueroa-Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lisneth Osiris Matias-Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erika Coria-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Bonilla-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédica UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jose Rubicel Hernandez-Lopez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesus Hernandez-Juarez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Manuel Dominguez-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Irma Isordia-Salas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Abraham Majluf-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Yang BY, Shi TX, Luo YN, Liu XX, Zhao T, Bloom MS, Jiang HZ, Heinrich J, Fan SJ, Dong GH. Ambient air pollution and homocysteine: Current epidemiological evidence and a call for further research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109679. [PMID: 32454311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated blood homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A growing number of studies have evaluated the link between air pollution and blood Hcy levels, but the results are inconsistent. To date, no systematic review of the published studies has been conducted yet. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these studies. We systematically searched three international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) and four Chinese databases (Wanfang, CNKI, CBM, and VIP) for peer-reviewed epidemiological studies investigating associations between ambient air pollutants and Hcy levels published before December 2019. We screened literature, extracted data, assessed methodological quality, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Of 1157 identified articles, 10 were finally included in this systematic review. Most were cross-sectional studies and were performed in developed countries. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and/or 10 μm (PM10) were investigated in all of the included studies. Overall, the evidence generally supports a positive association between higher PM concentrations and elevated Hcy levels. However, high heterogeneity in terms of study participants, study design, exposure duration, and particle components and sources, low methodological quality and probable high risk of bias in some studies, and limited literature number precluded us from drawing a robust conclusion. Associations between Hcy and gaseous pollutants were explored in only one or two studies, and the results were inconclusive. Additional, well-designed studies remain required to validate the association between air pollution and Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tong-Xing Shi
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Ya-Na Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstrabe 1, 80336, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Hai-Zhan Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Maoming City, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstrabe 1, 80336, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Fan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Tomita LY, da Costa AC, Andreoni S, Oyafuso LK, D’Almeida V, Fonseca FL, Rocha AC, Kobata C. Folate Nutritional Status among Psoriasis Patients not Exposed to Antifolate Drug. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180702100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Folic acid fortification program has been established to prevent tube defects.
However, concern has been raised among patients using anti-folate drug, i.e. psoriatic patients, a
common, chronic, autoimmune inflammatory skin disease associated with obesity and smoking.
Objective:
To investigate dietary and circulating folate, vitamin B12 (B12) and homocysteine (hcy) in
psoriatic subjects exposed to the national mandatory folic acid fortification program.
Methods:
Cross-sectional study using the Food Frequency Questionnaire, plasma folate, B12, hcy and
psoriasis severity using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. Median, interquartile ranges
(IQRs) and linear regression models were conducted to investigate factors associated with plasma folate,
B12 and hcy.
Results:
82 (73%) mild psoriasis, 18 (16%) moderate and 12 (11%) severe psoriasis. 58% female,
61% non-white, 31% former smokers, and 20% current smokers. Median (IQRs) were 51 (40, 60)
years. Only 32% reached the Estimated Average Requirement of folate intake. Folate and B12 deficiencies
were observed in 9% and 6% of the blood sample respectively, but hyperhomocysteinaemia
in 21%. Severity of psoriasis was negatively correlated with folate and B12 concentrations. In a multiple
linear regression model, folate intake contributed positively to 14% of serum folate, and negative
predictors were psoriasis severity, smoking habits and saturated fatty acid explaining 29% of circulating
folate.
Conclusion:
Only one third reached dietary intake of folate, but deficiencies of folate and B12 were
low. Psoriasis severity was negatively correlated with circulating folate and B12. Stopping smoking
and a folate rich diet may be important targets for managing psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Y. Tomita
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Solange Andreoni
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, EPM, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C.L. Rocha
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wiciński M, Malinowski B, Puk O, Górski K, Adamkiewicz D, Chojnacki G, Walczak M, Wódkiewicz E, Szambelan M, Adamska P, Skibińska K, Socha M, Słupski M, Pawlak-Osińska K. Possible Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Hearing Loss Development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4853695. [PMID: 31915695 PMCID: PMC6935450 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4853695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considered safe and often available as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most frequently used medicines. Over recent years much research analyzing PPI has been conducted and these studies shed light on PPI side effects and the mechanisms of these processes. In this study we summarize the findings of these studies and through deduction present some hypotheses on the impact of PPI on health. Of particular interest is the impact of PPI on hearing loss development. However, despite this side effect being localized, its mechanisms are complex, systemic and involve changes in whole body. This paper summarizes how through, inter alia, alterations in the circulatory system, respiratory system, central nervous system and metabolism PPI can cause hearing impairment, which can occur in every age group and is connected with long-term use of this group of drugs. This article also discusses the role PPI plays in the acceleration of presbycusis development, in relation to the fact that older people are the group who most frequently use PPI in long term. Hearing loss negatively impacts affects quality of life, especially among older patients who are also the most afflicted group; administration of PPI should therefore be considered carefully, taking into consideration all potential benefits and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Oskar Puk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Górski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dawid Adamkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chojnacki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eryk Wódkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Adamska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamila Skibińska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Socha
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlak-Osińska
- Department of Pathophysiology of Hearing and Balance System, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Zhang SY, Xuan C, Zhang XC, Zhu J, Yue K, Zhao P, He GW, Lun LM, Tian QW. Association Between MTHFR Gene Common Variants, Serum Homocysteine, and Risk of Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study. Biochem Genet 2019; 58:245-256. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Paratthakonkun C, Kaewprasert S, Arthan D, Soonthornworasiri N, Tungtrongchitr R, Prangthip P, Wongsutthilerd A, Pooudoung S, Chantaranipapong Y, Nakosiri W, Aroonnual A, Chupeerach C, Chanchai S, Nana A. Associations among serum folate, waist-to-hip ratio, lipid profile, and eating habits with homocysteine in an elderly Thai population. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 89:246-254. [PMID: 30982444 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A lower serum folate level is common in older populations and is associated with increased serum homocysteine concentration. In turn, an elevated homocysteine level is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and age-related diseases. Contemporary studies of folate and dietary risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the elderly population in Thailand are lacking. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationships among serum folate, homocysteine level, and nutritional status in the elderly Thai. Three hundred individuals, aged 60 years and over, underwent anthropometric and physiological measurements, and biochemical parameters, and eating habits were also determined. Folate insufficiency was found in approximately 35% of subjects. Folate and homocysteine showed a significant inverse correlation. Serum homocysteine levels rose with increasing age. Folate deficiency and high waist-to-hip ratio were associated with 7-fold and 2.5-fold increased risk for hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively. There were positive correlations between homocysteine and waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure, but a negative correlation between homocysteine and high-density lipoprotein (r = -0.239, p < 0.01), which are markers for cardiovascular disease risk. Folate negatively correlated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and diastolic blood pressure, but positively with high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.162, p < 0.01). Investigation of eating habits showed that low consumption of green leafy vegetables and high consumption of sugary foods were associated with high homocysteine levels. Given associations between nutritional status and cardiovascular disease confirmed in this study, nutrition education, holistic health promotion, and appropriate behavioral modification of eating habits represent important measures for preventing premature cardiovascular disease in the elderly Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirawat Paratthakonkun
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University.,College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University
| | - Sarunya Kaewprasert
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | - Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | - Somchai Pooudoung
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | - Wanyarat Nakosiri
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | - Amornrat Aroonnual
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | | | - Arth Nana
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University
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11
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Zhang L, Joseph L, Joseph J. In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonism on Myocardial Fibrosis in Rats. Am J Med Sci 2019; 357:151-159. [PMID: 30665496 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis is a major pathophysiologic substrate of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Vasopressin is an important therapeutic target in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction since it can modulate fluid balance, and based on a few studies, myocardial matrix deposition. Hence we examined the role of vasopressin antagonism in modulating myocardial matrix metabolism in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo studies utilized an established model of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced myocardial fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats combined with high salt diet; in vivo studies also utilized the same profibrotic stimuli of homocysteine and NaCl in cultured rat cardiac fibroblasts. RESULTS Hyperhomocysteinemia combined with high-salt diet promoted myocardial fibrosis, profibrotic and matrix gene expression and tolvaptan attenuated all these in vivo effects. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, combined treatment with homocysteine and NaCl increased profibrotic and matrix gene expression and activation of PI3/Akt pathway; all these effects were attenuated by tolvaptan Vasopressin levels, gene expression and V2 receptor expression were increased in vivo and in vitro on exposure to profibrotic stimuli, and tolvaptan attenuated these in vivo and in vitro effects. CONCLUSIONS Antagonism of vasopressin V2 receptor, via direct actions on cardiac fibroblast, attenuates myocardial matrix deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiangLiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lija Joseph
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.
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12
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Dereven’kov IA, Shpagilev NI, Makarov SV. Mechanism of the Reaction between Cobalamin(II) and Periodate. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Kurniasari R, Sulchan M, Afifah DN, Anjani G, Rustanti N. Influence Variation of Tempe Gembus (An Indonesian Fermented Food) on Homocysteine and Malondialdehyde of Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rjdnmd-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims: Atherosclerosis has become a prominent health problem in Indonesia. Based on food as medicine concept, tempe gembus (a fermented food from Indonesia) is well known having the content of nutrient that influences atherosclerosis parameter. Research aimed to prove the influence of different variation of tempe gembus that was given without additional treatment (X1), with the steam blanching heating (X2), and was added the bromelain enzyme (X3) to the level of serum Homocysteine (Hcy) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) of rat’s blood that was given the atherogenic diet.
Material and Methods: The research of posttest randomized controlled group design on 35 Sprague dawley rats were divided into two main groups as follow; they were 2 control groups (called K− and K+) and 3 treatment groups. All of the treatment groups were given tempe gembus of 25 gram/kg rat body weight.
Results: The results showed that group variation of tempe gembus had a lower mean of Hcy and MDA levels than disease group (K+). However, a significant effect of tempe gembus was only decrease in MDA level (ANOVA test p = 0.001). Treatment X1 and X3 had meaningful differences to decrease MDA levels.
Conclusion: Tempe gembus variation can decrease the MDA level significantly and decrease the Hcy level however, without statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Kurniasari
- Post Graduate Department of Nutrition Science , Diponegoro University , Semarang , Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sulchan
- Lecturers of Nutrition Science Department Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University , Semarang Indonesia
| | - Diana Nur Afifah
- Lecturers of Nutrition Science Department Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University , Semarang Indonesia
| | - Gemala Anjani
- Lecturers of Nutrition Science Department Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University , Semarang Indonesia
| | - Ninik Rustanti
- Lecturers of Nutrition Science Department Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University , Semarang Indonesia
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14
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Dereven’kov IA, Makarov SV, Shpagilev NI, Salnikov DS, Koifman OI. Studies on reaction of glutathionylcobalamin with hypochlorite. Evidence of protective action of glutathionyl-ligand against corrin modification by hypochlorite. Biometals 2017; 30:757-764. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Ulvik A, Hustad S, McCann A, Midttun Ø, Nygård OK, Ueland PM. Ratios of One-Carbon Metabolites Are Functional Markers of B-Vitamin Status in a Norwegian Coronary Angiography Screening Cohort. J Nutr 2017; 147:1167-1173. [PMID: 28381531 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.244657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional (metabolic) markers of B-vitamin status, including plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) for folate and plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) for vitamin B-12, suffer from moderate sensitivity and poor specificity. Ratios of metabolites belonging to the same pathway may have better performance characteristics.Objective: We evaluated the ratios of tHcy to total cysteine (tCys; Hcy:Cys), tHcy to creatinine (Hcy:Cre), and tHcy to tCys to creatinine (Hcy:Cys:Cre) as functional markers of B-vitamin status represented by a summary score composed of folate, cobalamin, betaine, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), and riboflavin concentrations measured in plasma.Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a cohort of patients with stable angina pectoris (2994 men and 1167 women) aged 21-88 y. The relative contribution of the B-vitamin score, age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and markers of renal function and inflammation to the variance of the functional B-vitamin markers was calculated by using multiple linear regression.Results: Compared with tHcy alone, Hcy:Cys, Hcy:Cre, and Hcy:Cys:Cre all showed improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting plasma B-vitamin status. Improvements in overall performance ranged from 4-fold for Hcy:Cys to ∼8-fold for Hcy:Cys:Cre and were particularly strong in subjects with the common 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677CC genotype.Conclusions: Ratios of tHcy to tCys and/or creatinine showed a severalfold improvement over tHcy alone as functional markers of B-vitamin status in Norwegian coronary angiography screenees. The biological rationale for these ratios is discussed in terms of known properties of enzymes involved in the catabolism of homocysteine and synthesis of creatine and creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steinar Hustad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Ottar K Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Borowczyk K, Chwatko G, Kubalczyk P, Jakubowski H, Kubalska J, Głowacki R. Simultaneous Determination of Methionine and Homocysteine by on-column derivatization with o-phtaldialdehyde. Talanta 2016; 161:917-924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Reactions of aquacobalamin and cob(II)alamin with chlorite and chlorine dioxide. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:453-459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Midttun Ø, McCann A, Aarseth O, Krokeide M, Kvalheim G, Meyer K, Ueland PM. Combined Measurement of 6 Fat-Soluble Vitamins and 26 Water-Soluble Functional Vitamin Markers and Amino Acids in 50 μL of Serum or Plasma by High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10427-10436. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Midttun
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian McCann
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Aarseth
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Krokeide
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gry Kvalheim
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department
of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus Meyer
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M. Ueland
- Department
of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory
of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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19
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Kazemi MBS, Eshraghian K, Omrani GR, Lankarani KB, Hosseini E. Homocysteine Level and Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2016; 57:9-14. [PMID: 16444451 DOI: 10.1177/000331970605700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, and its most common manifestation, coronary artery disease (CAD), are rather common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recognition of its various risk factors is important to planning effective preventive measures. After the homocysteine theory was presented in 1969, attention has been directed toward the serum homocysteine level as a coronary artery disease risk factor. The authors aimed to assess the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and CAD in an Iranian population. In a case control study, 197 individuals (male: 123 [62.4%]) who were scheduled for coronary angiography were selected. Venous samples were taken from the patients in fasting state before angiography. Data about age, sex, risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity) were obtained from prepared questionnaires. Homocysteine levels in patients were measured by ELISA method. A homocysteine level above 15 µmol/liter was considered high. Angiography reports and homocysteine levels were analyzed by independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and stratified analysis. In comparison with the patients with normal angiography reports (32.5%), patients with abnormal angiography reports (67.5%) had increased levels of homocysteine (p=0.001). About 28.1% of patients with normal angiography reports had hyperhomocysteinemia. After further evaluation, linear correlations were detected between the numbers of involved vessels and homocysteine level (p=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis of data detected that in individuals without any risk factors, the relationship was stronger and more meaningful (p=0.000). These data show that hyperhomocysteinemia is related to CAD as an independent risk factor. In individuals without any risk factors a linear correlation between homocysteine level and numbers of coronary artery involvement was present. If this equation is confirmed prospectively in other studies, the level of plasma homocysteine may he used as a noninvasive way of predicting the number of diseased coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Sharif Kazemi
- Department of Internal Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Ding YP, Pedersen EKR, Johansson S, Gregory JF, Ueland PM, Svingen GFT, Helgeland Ø, Meyer K, Fredriksen Å, Nygård OK. B vitamin treatments modify the risk of myocardial infarction associated with a MTHFD1 polymorphism in patients with stable angina pectoris. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:495-501. [PMID: 26803590 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) catalyzes three sequential reactions that metabolize derivatives of tetrahydrofolate (THF) in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism. Impaired MTHFD1 flux has been linked to disturbed lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. However, limited information is available on its relation to the development of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We explored the association between a MTHFD1 polymorphism (rs1076991 C > T) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and potential effect modifications by folic acid/B12 and/or vitamin B6 treatment in suspected stable angina pectoris patients (n = 2381) participating in the randomized Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial (WENBIT). During the median follow-up of 4.9 years 204 participants (8.6%) suffered an AMI. After adjusting for established CVD risk factors, the MTHFD1 polymorphism was significantly associated with AMI (HR: 1.49; 95% CI, 1.23-1.81). A similar association was observed among patients allocated to treatment with vitamin B6 alone (HR: 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.31), and an even stronger relationship was seen in patients treated with both vitamin B6 and folic acid/B12 (HR: 2.35; 95% CI, 1.55-3.57). However, no risk association between the MTHFD1 polymorphism and AMI was seen in patients treated with placebo (HR: 1.29; 95% CI, 0.86-1.93) or folic acid/B12 (1.17; 95% CI, 0.83-1.65). CONCLUSION A common and functional MTHFD1 polymorphism is associated with increased risk of AMI, although the risk seems to be dependent on specific B vitamin treatment. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the possible mechanisms, also in order to explore potential effect modifications by nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Ding
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway.
| | - E K R Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - S Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - J F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - P M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - G F T Svingen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Ø Helgeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - K Meyer
- Bevital AS, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Å Fredriksen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - O K Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
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21
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Yuan L, Sharer JD. Quantitative Analysis of Total Plasma Homocysteine by LC‐MS/MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:17.21.1-17.21.10. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg1721s89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Yuan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine Decatur Georgia
| | - J. Daniel Sharer
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine Birmingham Alabama
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22
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Kim H, Park J, Chae H, Lee GD, Lee SY, Lee JM, Oh YS, Kim M, Kim Y. Potential Risk Factors Associated With Vascular Diseases in Patients Receiving Treatment for Hypertension. Ann Lab Med 2016; 36:215-22. [PMID: 26915609 PMCID: PMC4773261 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the hypertension (HTN) patients undergo appropriate medical treatment, and traditional risk factors are highly controlled. Therefore, potential risk factors of atherosclerotic vascular diseases (AVD) and venous thromboembolisms (VTE) in HTN should be reconsidered. We investigated thrombophilic genetic mutations and existing biomarkers for AVD or VTE in HTN patients receiving treatment. Methods A total of 183 patients were enrolled: AVD with HTN (group A, n=45), VTE with HTN (group B, n=62), and HTN patients without any vascular diseases (group C, n=76). The lipid profile, homocysteine (Hcy) levels, D-dimers, fibrinogen, antithrombin, lupus anticoagulant, and anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) were evaluated. Prothrombin G20210A, Factor V G1691A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C were analyzed. Results All patients revealed wild type prothrombin G20210A and Factor V G1691A polymorphisms. The frequency of MTHFR polymorphisms was 677CT (n=84, 45.9%); 677TT (n=46, 25.1%); 1298AC (n=46, 25.1%); and 1298CC (n=2, 1.1%). The MTHFR 677TT genotype tended to increase the odds ratio (OR) to AVD events in HTN patients (OR 2.648, confidence interval 0.982-7.143, P=0.05). The group A demonstrated significantly higher Hcy levels (P=0.009), fibrinogen (P=0.004), and platelet counts (P=0.04) than group C. Group B had significantly higher levels of D-dimers (P=0.0001), platelet count (P=0.0002), and aCL (P=0.02) frequency than group C. Conclusions The MTHFR 677TT genotype and Hcy level could be potential risk factors associated with development of AVD in HTN patients receiving treatment. D-dimer and aCL might be useful to estimate the occurrence of VTE in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun Dong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Seog Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Ren MY, Zhang CS, Zhang XJ, Zhong JQ. Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Man with Hyperhomocysteinemia and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Intern Med 2016; 55:153-9. [PMID: 26781015 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction, hyperhomocysteinemia and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are rare in individuals under the age of 30 years. We herein report the case of a 27-year-old man who presented with intermittent chest pain, elevated homosysteine level, and PTB. The patient was treated successfully with a combination of medications and percutaneous coronary intervention. This uncommon case highlights that homocysteine, folate and B vitamins levels should be regularly evaluated, and that chest X-rays or thoracic computed tomography should be ordered routinely to exclude PTB in patients under the age of 30 years who present acute myocardial infarction and lack the traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
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24
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Bayar N, Çekin AH, Arslan Ş, Çağırcı G, Erkal Z, Çay S, Köklü E, Küçükseymen S. Assessment of Left Atrial Function in Patients with Celiac Disease. Echocardiography 2015; 32:1802-8. [PMID: 25923824 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence suggesting increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with celiac disease (CD). Impaired left atrial function plays a significant role in the development of AF. This study aimed at assessing the electrical and mechanical functions of the left atrium in patients with CD. METHODS A total of 71 patients with biopsy-proven, antibody-positive CD and 52 age-matched healthy controls were included in this prospective study. P-wave dispersion (PWD) was measured to assess the electrical functions of the left atrium through the use of surface electrocardiography. A tissue Doppler echocardiography was performed to determine the atrial conduction and electromechanical delay (EMD) time. To evaluate the mechanical functions of the left atrium, maximum, minimum, and presystolic atrial volumes were estimated to calculate the contractile, conduit, and reservoir functions. RESULTS In terms of transthoracic echocardiographic parameters, CD and control subjects were not significantly different. However, as compared to controls, patients with CD had significantly increased PWD (median 52 ms [interquartile range 46-58 ms] vs. 38 [36-40], P < 0.001). Also, significantly higher interatrial (49 ms [32-60] vs. 26 ms [22-28], P < 0.001), intra-left atrial (26 ms [17-44] vs. 14 ms [12-18], P < 0.001), and intra-right atrial (15 ms [8-22] vs. 10 ms [8-14], P < 0.001) EMD was found among CD subjects than controls. Despite an increase in the left atrial volume in patients with CD, conduit and reservoir functions were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Although atrial mechanical functions are preserved in patients with CD, a slower electrical conduction was found, suggesting an increased risk of AF in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Bayar
- Cardiology Department, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Hilmi Çekin
- Gastroenterology Department, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Şakir Arslan
- Cardiology Department, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Göksel Çağırcı
- Cardiology Department, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zehra Erkal
- Cardiology Department, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Çay
- Cardiology Department, Yüksek İhtisas Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Köklü
- Cardiology Department, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Küçükseymen
- Cardiology Department, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Zhao X, Kuang D, Duan Y, Xiao G, Ni J, Duan Y, Wang G. Hyperhomocysteinemia regulated SCF expression in cultured cardiomyocytes via modulation of NF-κB activities. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:197-203. [PMID: 25896131 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an important, independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, especially for the myocardial infarction. Our previous study has shown that myocardial stem cell factor (SCF) mediated cardiac stem cells migration, which was involved in cardiac repair. However, it is not clear regarding the action of HHcy on the expression of SCF in cardiomyocytes. In the present study, cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with 20, 50, or 100 μM homocysteine (Hcy) for 5 h. Results showed an significantly increase of SCF expression with 20-50 μM Hcy incubation, which matched with elevated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activities. Treatment with NF-κB inhibitor N-acetylcysteine significantly inhibited the increase of SCF. Nevertheless, 100 μM Hcy markedly decreased the expression of SCF, which was in accordance with the suppression of NF-κB activities. The present study indicated that HHcy regulated the expression of SCF in a concentration-dependent manner via modulation of NF-κB activities. Thus, HHcy may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases not only by causing endothelial dysfunction but also by directly exerting detrimental effects on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan, 430030, China,
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Yang B, Fan S, Zhi X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Sun G. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2014; 7:74-90. [PMID: 25551247 PMCID: PMC4303827 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, total homocysteine concentrations > 15 μmol/L) has been associated with increased risk of many diseases. A systematic review was performed to summarize the prevalence of HHcy in China. We searched multiple international and Chinese scientific databases for relevant literature, and further manually screened reference lists and corresponded with original authors. Pooled prevalence of HHcy was calculated using random effects model. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were also performed. A total of 36 studies consisting 60,754 subjects (57.3% male; age range, 3–97 years) were finally included. The overall pooled prevalence of HHcy was 27.5%. Geographically, the prevalence was high in north areas, intermediate in central areas, and low in south areas, and was higher in inland versus coastal areas. The prevalence increased with age and was significantly higher in men than in women. Rural residents had a slightly higher HHcy prevalence than urban residents, and the studies conducted during 2006 to 2012 presented a higher HHcy prevalence than those during 1990 to 2005. In summary, the prevalence of HHcy in China is high, particularly in northern populations, the inlanders, males, and the elderly. Homocysteine-lowering strategies are necessary to reduce this highly preventable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Yang
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Shujun Fan
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Xueyuan Zhi
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Division of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Targeted Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yanxun Wang
- Division of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Targeted Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Quanmei Zheng
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Guifan Sun
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
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Chengfeng S, Wei L, Xinxing W, Lei W, Rui Z, Lingjia Q. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a result, rather than a cause, of depression under chronic stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106625. [PMID: 25286230 PMCID: PMC4186820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, whether Hcy is directly involved and acts as the primary cause of depressive symptoms remains unclear. The present study was designed to clarify whether increased Hcy plays an important role in stress-induced depression. Results We employed the chronic unpredictable mild stress model (CUMS) of depression for 8 weeks to observe changes in the plasma Hcy level in the development of depression. The results showed that Wistar rats exposed to a series of mild, unpredictable stressors for 4 weeks displayed depression-like symptoms such as anhedonia (decreased sucrose preferences) and a decreased 5-Hydroxy Tryptophan (5-HT) concentration in the hippocampus. At the end of 8 weeks, the plasma Hcy level increased in the CUMS rats. The anti-depressant sertraline could decrease the plasma Hcy level and improve the depression-like symptoms in the CUMS rats. RhBHMT, an Hcy metabolic enzyme, could decrease the plasma Hcy level significantly, although it could not improve the depressive symptoms in the CUMS rats. Conclusions The results obtained from the experiments did not support the hypothesis that the increased Hcy concentration mediated the provocation of depression in CUMS rats, and the findings suggested that the increased Hcy concentration in the plasma might be the result of stress-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chengfeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Wei
- Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Xinxing
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (WX)
| | - Wu Lei
- Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhan Rui
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lingjia
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (WX)
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Semjonovs P, Denina I, Linde R. Evaluation of Physiological Effects of Acetic Acid Bacteria and Yeast Fermented Non-alchocolic Beverage Consumption in Rat Model. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2014.147.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Theethira TG, Dennis M, Leffler DA. Nutritional consequences of celiac disease and the gluten-free diet. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:123-9. [PMID: 24417260 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.876360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals and represents a major health issue. The immune mediated response results in villous atrophy of the small intestine with subsequent malabsorption. The classic mode of presentation is that of a malabsorption syndrome resulting in deficiencies of macro and micronutrients. The gluten-free diet is the only treatment currently available for this disorder. The aim of this special report is to elucidate and explain the various nutritional deficiencies seen in newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease and while on the gluten-free diet. Though initiation of the gluten-free diet results in improvement of symptoms and most deficiencies, certain nutritional limitations are associated with the gluten-free diet.
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Løland KH, Bleie Ø, Strand E, Ueland PM, Nordrehaug JE, Garcia-Garcia HM, Serruys PW, Nygård O. Effect of folic acid supplementation on levels of circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and the presence of intravascular ultrasound derived virtual histology thin-cap fibroatheromas in patients with stable angina pectoris. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70101. [PMID: 23936148 PMCID: PMC3723764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound (VH-IVUS) may be used to detect early signs of unstable coronary artery disease. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is linked with coronary atherosclerosis and plaque instability and could potentially be modified by folic acid treatment. METHODS In a randomized, prospective study, 102 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) received percutaneous coronary intervention and established medical treatment as well as either homocysteine-lowering folic acid/vitamin B12 (± B6) or placebo (± B6) for 1 year before VH-IVUS was performed. The presence of VH-Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma (VH-TCFA) in non-intervened coronary vessels was registered and serum levels of MCP-1 were measured. The patients were subsequently followed for incident myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS Patients treated with folic acid/vitamin B12 had a geometric mean (SD) MCP-1 level of 79.95 (1.49) versus 86.00 (1.43) pg/mL for patients receiving placebo (p-value 0.34). VH-TCFA lesions were present in 7.8% of patients and did not differ between intervention arms (p-value 0.47). Serum levels of MCP-1 were 1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.92) times higher in patients with VH-TCFA lesions than in those without (p-value 0.005). Afterwards, patients were followed for median 2.1 years and 3.8% experienced a myocardial infarction (MI), which in post-hoc Cox regression analyses was independently predicted by both MCP-1 (P-value 0.006) and VH-TCFA (p-value 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In patients with SAP receiving established medical treatment, folic acid supplementation is not associated with either presence of VH-TCFA or levels of MCP-1. MCP-1 is however associated with VH-TCFA, a finding corroborated by increased risk for future MI. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00354081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil H Løland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Kim EC, Kim JS, Jung JG, Kim SS, Yoon SJ, Ryu JS. Effect of alcohol consumption on risk of hyperhomocysteinemia based on alcohol-related facial flushing response. Korean J Fam Med 2013; 34:250-7. [PMID: 23904954 PMCID: PMC3726792 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.4.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and hyperhomocysteinemia based on facial flushing caused by drinking. METHODS Among male patients aged ≥ 18 years who visited Health Promotion Center of Chungnam National University Hospital in Daejeon from January 2008 to December 2010, 948 males (182 nondrinkers, 348 subjects with drinking-related facial flushing, and 418 subjects without drinking-related facial flushing) were selected. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in the nonfacial flushing and facial flushing groups compared with the nondrinkers. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly lower in the group with a weekly alcohol consumption of < 8 standard drinks (1 drink = 14 g alcohol) in the nonfacial flushing group (<4 drinks: odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10 to 0.74; 4≤, <8 drinks: OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.73). Risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly lower in the group with a weekly alcohol consumption < 4 drinks in the facial flushing group (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.68). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia is likely lowered by alcohol consumption based on drinking quantity, as lowering the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia differs depending on vulnerability associated with facial flushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo-Chin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Suano de Souza FI, D'Almeida V, Fonseca FLA, Hix S, Miranda R, Gomes de Torres Rossi R, Ribeiro R, Saccardo Sarni RO. Lack of association of homocysteine concentrations with oxidative stress, alterations in carotid intima media thickness and endothelial reactivity in prepubertal children. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013; 63:25-31. [PMID: 23881171 DOI: 10.1159/000350314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our purpose was to assess the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (alterations in the lipid profile, fasting glycaemia, high arterial pressure values, oxidative stress, increased intima media thickness and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation) in prepubertal children with elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 35 children with Hcy levels ≥7.3 μmol/l were matched by gender and age with 29 children with Hcy levels ≤4.1 μmol/l. Our collected data included weight, height, waist circumference, systemic arterial pressure, lipid profile, fasting glycaemia and oxidative stress markers. A Doppler ultrasound was performed to measure the carotid intima media thickness and the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the lipid profile and fasting glycaemia, blood pressure or oxidative stress. Overweight and obesity (body mass index z-score > +1) were more frequent in the group with Hcy ≥7.3 μmol/l when compared to the group with Hcy ≤4.1 μmol/l [13/35 (37.1%) vs. 4/29 (13.8%); p = 0.035]. After adjusting for nutritional status, there were no differences in the intima media thickness and endothelium-dependent vasodilation between children with high and low Hcy levels. CONCLUSIONS Among the cardiovascular risk factors investigated in the present study, which was based on prepubertal children, only overweight and obesity were associated with increased Hcy concentrations (≥7.3 μmol/l).
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Dietary antioxidant capacity is associated with improved serum antioxidant status and decreased serum C-reactive protein and plasma homocysteine concentrations. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1901-11. [PMID: 23287847 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of dietary TAC from diet and supplements with serum antioxidant concentrations and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) in US adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Food consumption data, serum antioxidant levels, and serum CRP and Plasma tHcy concentrations of 4,391 US adults aged ≥19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 were analyzed. The USDA flavonoid and proanthocyanidin databases and dietary supplement data as well as antioxidant capacities of 43 antioxidants were also utilized. RESULT Serum CRP and plasma tHcy concentrations were higher in older adults, smokers, and those with lower non-leisure time physical activity levels (P < 0.05). Energy-adjusted daily total antioxidant capacity (TAC) from diet and supplements was positively associated with serum vitamin E and carotenoid concentrations (P < 0.05). Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for plasma tHcy >13 μmol/L significantly decreased across quartiles of TAC from diet and supplements (Q1 = 2.18 (1.56-2.77); Q2 = 1.30 (1.00-2.07); Q3 = 1.34 (0.84-2.28); Q4 = 1.00; P for linear trend <0.001). A negative trend across quartiles of TAC from diet and supplements was also observed in OR for serum CRP ≥3 mg/L (Q1 = 1.26 (0.97-1.70); Q2 = 1.21 (0.91-1.66); Q3 = 0.97 (0.80-1.24); Q4 = 1.00; P for linear trend <0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that dietary TAC provided an integrated conceptual tool in assessing serum antioxidants and investigating the associations between antioxidant intake and CVD risk. The implicated applicability of dietary TAC needs further validation in prospective cohort studies.
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Stobiecka M, Molinero AA, Chałupa A, Hepel M. Mercury/homocysteine ligation-induced ON/OFF-switching of a T-T mismatch-based oligonucleotide molecular beacon. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4970-8. [PMID: 22524145 DOI: 10.1021/ac300632u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A molecular beacon (MB) with stem-loop (hairpin) DNA structure and with attached fluorophore-quencher pair at the ends of the strand has been applied to study the interactions of Hg(2+) ions with a thymine-thymine (T-T) mismatch in Watson-Crick base-pairs and the ligative disassembly of MB·Hg(2+) complex by Hg(2+) sequestration with small biomolecule ligands. In this work, a five base-pair stem with configuration 5'-GGTGG...CCTCC-3' for self-hybridization of MB has been utilized. In this configuration, the four GC base-pair binding energy is not sufficient to hybridize fully at intermediate temperatures and to form a hairpin MB conformation. The T-T mismatch built-in into the stem area can effectively bind Hg(2+) ions creating a bridge, T-Hg-T. We have found that the T-Hg-T bridge strongly enhances the ability of MB to hybridize, as evidenced by an unusually large MB melting temperature shift observed on bridge formation, ΔT(m) = +15.1 ± 0.5 °C, for 100 nM MB in MOPS buffer. The observed ΔT(m) is the largest of the ΔT(m) found for other MBs and dsDNA structures. By fitting the parameters of the proposed model of reversible MB interactions to the experimental data, we have determined the T-Hg-T bridge formation constant at 25 °C, K(1) = 8.92 ± 0.42 × 10(17) M(-1) from mercury(II) titration data and K(1) = 1.04 ± 0.51 × 10(18) M(-1) from the bridge disassembly data; ΔG° = -24.53 ± 0.13 kcal/mol. We have found that the biomarker of oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease, homocysteine (Hcys), can sequester Hg(2+) ions from the T-Hg-T complex and withdraw Hg(2+) ions from MB in the form of stable Hg(Hcys)(2)H(2) complexes. Both the model fitting and independent (1)H NMR results on the thymidine-Hg-Hcys system indicate also the high importance of 1:1 complexes. The high value of K(1) for T-Hg-T bridge formation enables analytical determinations of low concentrations of Hg(2+) (limit of detection LOD = 19 nM or 3.8 ppb, based on 3σ method) and Hcys (LOD = 23 nM, 3σ method). The conditional stability constants for Hg(Hcys)H(2)(2+) and Hg(Hcys)(2)H(2) at 52 °C have been determined, β(112) = 5.37 ± 0.3 × 10(46) M(-3), β(122) = 3.80 ± 0.6 × 10(68) M(-4), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676, United States
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Wang X, Cui L, Joseph J, Jiang B, Pimental D, Handy DE, Liao R, Loscalzo J. Homocysteine induces cardiomyocyte dysfunction and apoptosis through p38 MAPK-mediated increase in oxidant stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:753-60. [PMID: 22227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While Hcy has been shown to promote endothelial dysfunction by decreasing the bioavailability of nitric oxide and increasing oxidative stress in the vasculature, the effects of Hcy on cardiomyocytes remain less understood. In this study we explored the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on myocardial function ex vivo and examined the direct effects of Hcy on cardiomyocyte function and survival in vitro. Studies with isolated hearts from wild type and HHcy mice (heterozygous cystathionine-beta synthase deficient mice) demonstrated that HHcy mouse hearts had more severely impaired cardiac relaxation and contractile function and increased cell death following ischemia reperfusion (I/R). In isolated cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes, exposure to Hcy for 24 h impaired cardiomyocyte contractility in a concentration-dependent manner, and promoted apoptosis as revealed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling and cleaved caspase-3 immunoblotting. These effects were associated with activation of p38 MAPK, decreased expression of thioredoxin (TRX) protein, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of p38 MAPK by the selective inhibitor SB203580 (5 μM) prevented all of these Hcy-induced changes. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TRX in cardiomyocytes significantly attenuated Hcy-induced ROS generation, apoptosis, and impairment of myocyte contractility. Thus, Hcy may increase the risk for CVD not only by causing endothelial dysfunction, but also by directly exerting detrimental effects on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kanth VVR, Golla JP, Sastry BKS, Naik S, Kabra N, Sujatha M. Genetic interactions between MTHFR (C677T), methionine synthase (A2756G, C2758G) variants with vitamin B12 and folic acid determine susceptibility to premature coronary artery disease in Indian population. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2011; 2:156-63. [PMID: 22022143 PMCID: PMC3195194 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.85262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Researchers have determined that Indians face a higher risk of heart disease, despite the fact that nearly half of them are vegetarians and lack many of the other traditional risk factors. In the below-30 age group, coronary artery disease mortality among Indians is three-fold higher than in the whites in United Kingdom and ten-fold higher than the Chinese in Singapore. High levels of homocysteine have been widely linked to the early onset of heart diseases in other populations, although a definite proof among Indians is lacking, which needs to be investigated by way of screening for factors responsible for high homocysteine levels. Objective: To screen for genetic factors responsible for hyperhomocysteinemia and the risk for premature coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 individuals with proven premature coronary artery disease and 200 age-and-sex matched controls were screened for polymorphisms in Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T) Methionine synthase (MS) genes (A2756G, C2758G), and the B12 and Folate levels were estimated. Results: Results from the mutational analysis revealed that in the study group, seven individuals had a polymorphism for the C677T allele in the MTHFR gene (one homozygous and six heterozygous) (Fischer's Exact test P > 0.046) (OR: 0.2711 95% CI 0.0774 to 0.9491). Six were heterozygous for the A2756G polymorphism in the MS gene (Fischer's Exact test P > 0.0012). None showed a polymorphism at the C2758G allele in the MS gene. Four controls showed heterozygosity for the C677T polymorphism and none for the MS gene. The B12 and Folate levels were significantly lower in the study group as compared to the controls. Conclusions: It is important to know which factors determine the total homocysteine concentrations. In the general population, the most important modifiable determinants of tHcy are folate intake and coffee consumption. Smoking and alcohol consumption are also associated with the total homocysteine concentrations, but more research is necessary to elucidate whether these relations are not originating from residual confounding due to other lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Ravi Kanth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
In hypertension, an increase in arterial wall thickness and loss of elasticity over time result in an increase in pulse wave velocity, a direct measure of arterial stiffness. This change is reflected in gradual fragmentation and loss of elastin fibers and accumulation of stiffer collagen fibers in the media that occurs independently of atherosclerosis. Similar results are seen with an elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy), known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which increases vascular thickness, elastin fragmentation, and arterial blood pressure. Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated a decrease in elasticity and an increase in pulse wave velocity in HHcy cystathionine β synthase heterozygote knockout (CBS(-/+)) mice. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential regulator of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in MMP-NO-TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase) inhibitory tertiary complex. We have demonstrated the contribution of the NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, endothelial NOS and inducible NOS, in the activation of latent MMP. The differential production of NO contributes to oxidative stress and increased oxidative/nitrative activation of MMP resulting in vascular remodeling in response to HHcy. The contribution of the NOS isoforms, endothelial and inducible in the collagen/elastin switch, has been demonstrated. We have showed that an increase in inducible NOS activity is a key contributor to HHcy-mediated collagen/elastin switch and resulting decline in aortic compliance. In addition, increased levels of Hcy compete and suppress the γ-amino butyric acid-receptor, N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The HHcy causes oxidative stress by generating nitrotyrosine, activating the latent MMPs and decreasing the endothelial NO concentration. The HHcy causes elastinolysis and decrease elastic complicance of the vessel wall. The treatment with γ-amino butyric acid-receptor agonist (muscimol), N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor antagonist (MK-801), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists (ciprofibrate and ciglitazone) mitigates the cardiovascular dysfunction in HHcy [corrected].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesia M Steed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abstract
As atherosclerosis is still one of the major causes of death in Western populations, it is important to identify those individuals who are at increased risk for the disease so that aggressive treatment may be administered as early as possible. Following the understanding that oxidative stress has a pivotal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, many polymorphisms in genes that are related to redox systems were examined for their association with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although many polymorphisms were studied, only a handful showed consistent relevance to CVD in different trials. This article focuses on six of these polymorphisms, examining their effect on the risk for CVD as well as their effect on protein expression and function. Reports regarding pharmacogenetic implications of these polymorphisms, where such exist, are discussed as well.
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Mukherjee R, Brasch NE. Mechanistic studies on the reaction between cob(II)alamin and peroxynitrite: evidence for a dual role for cob(II)alamin as a scavenger of peroxynitrous acid and nitrogen dioxide. Chemistry 2011; 17:11805-12. [PMID: 21922568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid (ONOO(-)/ONOOH; pK(a(ONOOH)) =6.8) is implicated in multiple chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Both mammalian B(12)-dependent enzymes are inactivated under oxidative stress conditions. We report studies on the kinetics of the reaction between peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid and a major intracellular vitamin B(12) form, cob(II)alamin (Cbl(II)), using stopped-flow spectroscopy. The pH dependence of the reaction is consistent with peroxynitrous acid reacting directly with Cbl(II) to give cob(III)alamin (Cbl(III)) and (.)NO(2) , followed by a subsequent rapid reaction between (.)NO(2) and a second molecule of Cbl(II) to primarily form nitrocobalamin. In support of this mechanism, a Cbl(II)/ONOO(H) stoichiometry of 2:1 is observed at pH 7.35 and 12.0. The final major Cbl(III) product observed (nitrocobalamin or hydroxycobalamin) depends on the solution pH. Analysis of the reaction products in the presence of tyrosine-a well-established (.)NO(2) scavenger-reveals that Cbl(II) reacts with (.)NO(2) at least an order of magnitude faster than tyrosine itself. Given that protein-bound Cbl is accessible to small molecules, it is likely that enzyme-bound and free intracellular Cbl(II) molecules are rapidly oxidized to inactive Cbl(III) upon exposure to peroxynitrite or (.)NO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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BADIOU S, MORENA M, BARGNOUX AS, JAUSSENT I, RODRIGUEZ A, LERAY-MORAGUES H, CHALABI L, BOSC JY, CANAUD B, CRISTOL JP. Does hemodiafiltration improve the removal of homocysteine? Hemodial Int 2011; 15:515-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2011.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annie RODRIGUEZ
- Institut de Recherche et de Formation en Dialyse; CHU Montpellier; Montpellier; France
| | - Helene LERAY-MORAGUES
- Service de Néphrologie Hémodialyse, Soins intensifs; CHU Montpellier; Université Montpellier; Montpellier; France
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Casella G, Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Bella CD, Pagni F, Corti GL, Sabatino G, Piatti M, Baldini V. Is hyperhomocysteinemia relevant in patients with celiac disease? World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2941-4. [PMID: 21734805 PMCID: PMC3129508 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i24.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether this might be related to the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia.
METHODS: From January 1998 to December 2008, we evaluated the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia in a series of 165 adult celiac disease (CD) patients (138 females and 27 males, mean age 43 years).
RESULTS: Hyperhomocysteinemia was evident in 32 patients (19.3%), although most of them had moderate levels (mean value 25 mcg/ml; range 15-30). Only one patient had a history of myocardial infarction (heterozygosis for N5-N10-metil tetrahydrofolate reductase mutation).
CONCLUSION: The systematic assessment of hyperhomocysteinemia seems, at present, unjustified in CD patients.
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André G, Haudecoeur E, Monot M, Ohtani K, Shimizu T, Dupuy B, Martin-Verstraete I. Global regulation of gene expression in response to cysteine availability in Clostridium perfringens. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:234. [PMID: 20822510 PMCID: PMC2940859 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cysteine has a crucial role in cellular physiology and its synthesis is tightly controlled due to its reactivity. However, little is known about the sulfur metabolism and its regulation in clostridia compared with other firmicutes. In Clostridium perfringens, the two-component system, VirR/VirS, controls the expression of the ubiG operon involved in methionine to cysteine conversion in addition to the expression of several toxin genes. The existence of links between the C. perfringens virulence regulon and sulfur metabolism prompted us to analyze this metabolism in more detail. Results We first performed a tentative reconstruction of sulfur metabolism in C. perfringens and correlated these data with the growth of strain 13 in the presence of various sulfur sources. Surprisingly, C. perfringens can convert cysteine to methionine by an atypical still uncharacterized pathway. We further compared the expression profiles of strain 13 after growth in the presence of cystine or homocysteine that corresponds to conditions of cysteine depletion. Among the 177 genes differentially expressed, we found genes involved in sulfur metabolism and controlled by premature termination of transcription via a cysteine specific T-box system (cysK-cysE, cysP1 and cysP2) or an S-box riboswitch (metK and metT). We also showed that the ubiG operon was submitted to a triple regulation by cysteine availability via a T-box system, by the VirR/VirS system via the VR-RNA and by the VirX regulatory RNA. In addition, we found that expression of pfoA (theta-toxin), nagL (one of the five genes encoding hyaluronidases) and genes involved in the maintenance of cell redox status was differentially expressed in response to cysteine availability. Finally, we showed that the expression of genes involved in [Fe-S] clusters biogenesis and of the ldh gene encoding the lactate dehydrogenase was induced during cysteine limitation. Conclusion Several key functions for the cellular physiology of this anaerobic bacterium were controlled in response to cysteine availability. While most of the genes involved in sulfur metabolism are regulated by premature termination of transcription, other still uncharacterized mechanisms of regulation participated in the induction of gene expression during cysteine starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle André
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Génomes Bactériens and Unité des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Abstract
Prospective identification of which individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at greatest risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications would have considerable public health importance by allowing the allocation of limited resources to be focused on those individuals who would most benefit from aggressive intervention. Over the past 20 years genetic disease association studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms at specific genetic loci may identify those individuals at greatest risk for developing CVD in the setting of DM. This article reviews the evidence accumulated to date on four polymorphic loci with the aim of explaining how these polymorphisms modify the risk for CVD in DM by modifying the functional activity of a specific gene. Use of the knowledge of these genetic differences among individuals in targeting drug therapy (pharmacogenomics) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Farbstein
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Tiahou G, Dupuy AM, Jaussent I, Sees D, Cristol JP, Badiou S. Determinants of homocysteine levels in Ivorian rural population. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2010; 79:319-27. [PMID: 20533218 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.79.56.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B status were determined in healthy subjects living in two opposite regions of the Ivory Coast. Fifty-six subjects from a coastal region (Bodou) having a fish-based diet and 56 subjects from a mountainous area (Glanle) having a vegetarian diet were tested to sample Hcy, folate, vitamin B12, creatinine, and lipid levels, as well as inflammation and nutritional parameters. An increased prevalence of Hcy > or = 15 micromol/L was observed, reaching 60 % of all subjects. The Bodou group exhibited significantly higher Hcy levels than the Glanle group [20.1 (9.7 - 41.4) vs. 13.6 (5.5 - 48.7) micromol/L, p<0.0001], despite higher vitamin B12 levels [593 (163 - 1860) vs. 234 (83 - 585) pg/mL, p<0.0001]. Although folate levels were lower in subjects from Bodou compared to Glanle [3.2 (2.0 - 7.3) vs. 6.0 (1.9 - 18.2) ng/mL, p<0.0001], there was no significant relationship with Hcy levels in any groups. Interestingly, there were significantly higher creatinine levels in subjects from Bodou compared to Glanle and a significant positive relationship with Hcy levels was evident in each group. In conclusion, Hcy levels in an Ivorian population having a fish-based diet appeared significantly higher compared to subjects having a vegetarian diet. However, folate and vitamin B12 status did not emerge as the major determinants of this difference; a stronger relationship was observed with creatinine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Tiahou
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Université Bouake, Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire
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Strakova J, Williams KT, Gupta S, Schalinske KL, Kruger WD, Rozen R, Jiracek J, Li L, Garrow TA. Dietary intake of S-(alpha-carboxybutyl)-DL-homocysteine induces hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. Nutr Res 2010; 30:492-500. [PMID: 20797482 PMCID: PMC2929918 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from betaine to homocysteine (Hcy), forming dimethylglycine and methionine. We previously showed that inhibiting BHMT in mice by intraperitoneal injection of S-(alpha-carboxybutyl)-DL-homocysteine (CBHcy) results in hyperhomocysteinemia. In the present study, CBHcy was fed to rats to determine whether it could be absorbed and cause hyperhomocysteinemia as observed in the intraperitoneal administration of the compound in mice. We hypothesized that dietary administered CBHcy will be absorbed and will result in the inhibition of BHMT and cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Rats were meal-fed every 8 hours an L-amino acid-defined diet either containing or devoid of CBHcy (5 mg per meal) for 3 days. The treatment decreased liver BHMT activity by 90% and had no effect on methionine synthase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activities. In contrast, cystathionine beta-synthase activity and immunodetectable protein decreased (56% and 26%, respectively) and glycine N-methyltransferase activity increased (52%) in CBHcy-treated rats. Liver S-adenosylmethionine levels decreased by 25% in CBHcy-treated rats, and S-adenosylhomocysteine levels did not change. Furthermore, plasma choline decreased (22%) and plasma betaine increased (15-fold) in CBHcy-treated rats. The treatment had no effect on global DNA and CpG island methylation, liver histology, and plasma markers of liver damage. We conclude that CBHcy-mediated BHMT inhibition causes an elevation in total plasma Hcy that is not normalized by the folate-dependent conversion of Hcy to methionine. Furthermore, metabolic changes caused by BHMT inhibition affect cystathionine beta-synthase and glycine N-methyltransferase activities, which further deteriorate plasma Hcy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Strakova
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kelly T. Williams
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kevin L. Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Warren D. Kruger
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rima Rozen
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre-Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jiri Jiracek
- Biological Chemistry Department, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Lucas Li
- Metabolomics Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Timothy A. Garrow
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Løland KH, Bleie O, Blix AJ, Strand E, Ueland PM, Refsum H, Ebbing M, Nordrehaug JE, Nygård O. Effect of homocysteine-lowering B vitamin treatment on angiographic progression of coronary artery disease: a Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial (WENBIT) substudy. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105:1577-84. [PMID: 20494665 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, and tHcy is lowered by B vitamins. To assess the effect of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment on angiographic progression of coronary artery disease, this substudy of the Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial (WENBIT) included patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. The patients were randomized to daily oral treatment with folic acid, vitamin B(12), and vitamin B(6) or placebo in a 2 x 2 factorial design. The coronary angiograms obtained at baseline and follow-up were evaluated. The primary angiographic end points were the changes in minimum lumen diameter and diameter stenosis. A total of 348 subjects (288 men) with a mean +/- SD age of 60 +/- 10.2 years were followed up for a median of 10.5 months (twenty-fifth, seventy-fifth percentile 9.2, 11.8). The baseline median plasma tHcy level was 10.0 mumol/L (twenty-fifth, seventy-fifth percentile 8.1, 11.0), and treatment with folic acid/vitamin B(12) lowered the tHcy levels by 22%. At follow-up, we found 309 lesions with a significant decrease from baseline in the minimum lumen diameter of a mean of -0.16 +/- 0.4 mm and an increase in the diameter stenosis of 4.4 +/- 0.7%. Treatment with folic acid/vitamin B(12) or vitamin B(6) was not associated with a change in diameter stenosis or minimum lumen diameter. In a post hoc analysis, folic acid/vitamin B(12) treatment was significantly associated with rapid progression (odds ratio 1.84, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 3.18). In conclusion, vitamin B treatment showed no beneficial effect on the angiographic progression of coronary artery disease, and the post hoc analyses suggested that folic acid/vitamin B(12) treatment might promote more rapid progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil H Løland
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Kim HJ, Kim MK, Kim JU, Ha HY, Choi BY. Major determinants of serum homocysteine concentrations in a Korean population. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:509-16. [PMID: 20357989 PMCID: PMC2844589 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.4.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the factors that determine serum homocysteine concentrations in Korean population. In a community-based study, 871 participants completed detailed questionnaires and physical examination. We found that increased age, male sex, family history of stroke, deficiencies of serum folate and vitamin B12, and elevated serum creatinine significantly increased the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia. However, hormonal and behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, coffee consumption, and sedentary time) were not associated with the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia. The risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was steeply increased in subjects with two or more risk factors among four selected risk factors (deficiencies of serum folate and vitamin B12, elevated creatinine, and family history of stroke) compared to subjects who did not have any risk factors, especially subjects over the age of 65 yr (odds ratio [OR], 33.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.71-302.0 in men; OR, 39.2; 95% CI, 7.95-193.2 in women). In conclusion, increased age, male sex, family history of stroke, deficiencies of serum folate and vitamin B12, and elevated serum creatinine are important determinants of serum homocysteine concentrations with interaction effects between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Uk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hun Young Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Naeun Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yoshino K, Nishide M, Inagawa M, Yokota K, Moriyama Y, Ikeda A, Noda H, Yamagishi K, Tanigawa T, Iso H. Validity of brief food frequency questionnaire for estimation of dietary intakes of folate, vitamins B6and B12, and their associations with plasma homocysteine concentrations. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:61-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637480903286363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Venâncio LDS, Burini RC, Yoshida WB. Tratamento dietético da hiper-homocisteinemia na doença arterial periférica. J Vasc Bras 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-54492010000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A homocisteína está envolvida na gênese da aterosclerose e, assim, é considerada um importante e prevalente fator de risco na doença arterial periférica. O estado nutricional vitamínico deficiente, em especial do folato, é a principal causa de hiper-homocisteinemia nesses casos. Embora ainda não haja consenso sobre a dose exata e a forma de utilização do folato em suplementos e sobre adequação alimentar ou fortificação de cereais para o tratamento da hiper-homocisteinemia, diversos estudos realizados em pacientes com doença vascular periférica mostraram que o folato, isoladamente, pode reduzir as concentrações de homocisteína, bem como a concentração de alguns marcadores biológicos do processo de aterosclerose. No entanto, estudos recentes não comprovaram esse benefício sobre o processo inflamatório associado à hiper-homocisteinemia. Desta forma, embora a utilização isolada do folato seja uma terapêutica custo-efetiva no controle da hiper-homocisteinemia, seu impacto na evolução das doenças arteriais ainda persiste inconclusivo. Esta revisão abordará os efeitos obtidos com as diversas formas de utilização do folato no tratamento da hiper-homocisteinemia.
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Song EK, Son YJ, Lennie TA. Trait anger, hostility, serum homocysteine, and recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary interventions. Am J Crit Care 2009; 18:554-61. [PMID: 19880957 PMCID: PMC3494734 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2009974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trait anger, hostility, and serum level of homocysteine are associated with recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary interventions. However, whether trait anger or hostility influences the association between serum level of homocysteine and recurrent cardiac events is unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine the relationships among trait anger, hostility, serum level of homocysteine, and recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary interventions. METHODS This prospective study included 135 consecutive patients (68% male, mean age 61 [SD, 10] years) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions during an index hospitalization. Trait anger and hostility were measured with the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale and the Cynical Hostility Scale, respectively. Blood samples were obtained to measure serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and homocysteine. Recurrent cardiac events (emergency department visits and rehospitalization) were noted for 6 months after discharge and confirmed by review of hospital records. Hierarchical Cox hazard regression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Trait anger (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.20) and homocysteine level (hazard ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.21) were independent predictors of recurrent cardiac events after other risk factors were controlled for. Patients with high trait anger (score > or = 24) and high serum level of homocysteine (> or = 11.3 mumol/L) had the shortest time to recurrent cardiac events (P = .01). CONCLUSION Trait anger had a combined effect on the link between serum level of homocysteine and recurrent cardiac events. Interventions to reduce trait anger may improve health outcomes by influencing both trait anger and homocysteine level.
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