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da Silva MER, de Sena MD, Colombo NH, Pereira JA, Chrisostomo DA, de Aguiar SMHCÁ, Cunha RF, Duque C. Short-term Clinical and Microbiological Performance of Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:S27-S32. [PMID: 37663206 PMCID: PMC10474391 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study evaluated the short-term clinical and microbiological performance of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) cement containing chlorhexidine (CHX) for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in primary teeth. Materials and methods The clinical trial was conducted in 36 children that received ART in primary molars either with GIC (group I, n = 18) or GIC containing 1.25% CHX (group II, n = 18). The survival rate of restorations was checked 7 days, 3, and 6 months after their application when saliva and biofilm were collected for microbiological assessment of mutans streptococci (MS) counts. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests for clinical analysis and microbiological evaluations (p < 0.05). Results The survival rate of restorations was similar comparing groups I with II. Microbiological analysis showed a significant reduction in MS levels 7 days after the treatment in both saliva and biofilm of children treated with RM-GIC containing CHX (group II); however, MS counts at 3 and 6 months did not differ from the initial counts. Conclusion A total of 1.25% CHX improved the microbiological properties of GIC in the short term without impairing the clinical performance of ART restorations. Clinical significance Glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing CHX could be an alternative in ART procedures with the objective of promoting an additional antimicrobial effect, which is interesting for children with high counts of MS during the initial phase of adaptation to dental treatment. How to cite this article da Silva ME, de Sena MD, Colombo NH, et al. Short-term Clinical and Microbiological Performance of Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S27-S32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márjully ER da Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina D de Sena
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália H Colombo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesse A Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Chrisostomo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra MHCÁ de Aguiar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson F Cunha
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kurt A, Tüzüner T, Baygın Ö. Antibacterial characteristics of glass ionomer cements containing antibacterial agents: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:49-56. [PMID: 32297158 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity (ABA), Vickers microhardness numbers (VHN) and cumulative fluoride-releasing (CFR) patterns of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing AB agents. METHODS Chlorhexidine (CHX), Cetrimide (CT) and Cetylpyridinum Chloride (CPC) were added to the powder and Benzalkonium Chloride (BC) was added to liquid of GIC in concentrations of 1% and served as the experimental group (EG). Antibacterial-free GIC was used a control group (CG). RESULTS Compared to the CG, a statistically significantly higher level of ABA was detected at the 1st and 7th day against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and on all days against Lactobacillus casei (LC). The CG had statistically significantly high microhardness values in all time periods compared to the EG. With regard to fluoride ion release, there was no statistical difference between CG and EG at all times. A statistically significant increase was observed in both CG and EG during the 1st day to the 30th day. CONCLUSION The results of this in vitro investigation demonstrated that AB agents added to the GIC can exhibit AB effects against SM and LC without seriously damaging the physical and chemical properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - T Tüzüner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ö Baygın
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Sterility and Infection. Biomed Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kamarudin Y, Skeats MK, Ireland AJ, Barbour ME. Chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate as a coating for elastomeric ligatures with sustained antimicrobial properties: A laboratory study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:e73-e82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Does Modification of Amalgomer with Propolis Alter Its Physicomechanical Properties? An In Vitro Study. Int J Biomater 2020; 2020:3180879. [PMID: 32454828 PMCID: PMC7238360 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3180879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess if incorporating ethanolic extract of propolis into ceramic-reinforced glass ionomer (Amalgomer CR) might have an influence on its physicomechanical properties. Materials and Methods Three groups were assessed; group I: Amalgomer CR (control) and two experimental groups (II and III) of propolis added to the liquid of Amalgomer CR with 25 and 50 v/v %, respectively. Evaluation parameters were color stability, compressive strength, microhardness, and surface roughness. Representative specimens of each group were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the results, followed by a Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results Nonsignificant color change for both groups of modified Amalgomer CR. Meanwhile, the two experimental groups exhibited a significant increase in both compressive strength and microhardness. Simultaneously, there was a significant difference in roughness values among groups with the lowest roughness values exhibited by the 50 v/v % propolis concentration. Conclusions Modification of Amalgomer CR with 50 v/v % propolis may increase its mechanical properties without compromising its esthetic. Clinical Significance. Modification of Amalgomer CR by 50 v/v % propolis is supposed to be a hopeful restorative material with favorable characteristics.
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Kurt A, Tüzüner T, Altıntepe İ, Aydınoğlu S, Sökmen M. The Effect of Heat Application on Fluoride Release in Antibacterial Added Glass Ionomer Cement. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.502880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tüzüner T, Dimkov A, Nicholson JW. The effect of antimicrobial additives on the properties of dental glass-ionomer cements: a review. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2019; 5:9-21. [PMID: 30652117 PMCID: PMC6327935 DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2018.1539623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this article is to review the literature on the use of antimicrobial additives in glass-ionomer dental cements. Method: An electronic search between 1987 and the end of 2017 was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Google search engines with the terms glass-ionomer, glass polyalkenoate, antibacterial and antimicrobial as the key words. The search was refined by excluding the majority of references concerned with cement antimicrobial properties only. Extra papers already known to the authors were added to those considered. Results: A total of 92 relevant articles have been cited in the review of which 55 are specifically concerned with the enhancement of antibacterial properties of glass-ionomers, both conventional and resin-modified, with additives. In addition, information is included on the uses of glass-ionomers and the biological properties of the antibacterial additives employed. There are several reports that show that additives are typically released by diffusion, and that a high proportion is usually left behind, trapped in the cement. Additives generally increase setting times of cements, and reduce mechanical properties. However, smaller amounts of additive have only slight effects and the longer-term durability of cements appears unaffected. Conclusion: Modified glass-ionomer cements seem to be acceptable for clinical use, especially in the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Tüzüner
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aleksandar Dimkov
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, St Cyril and St Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - John W. Nicholson
- Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, London, United Kingdom
- Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN. Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:557-571. [PMID: 30394667 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the properties of glass ionomer cements and provides a review regarding studies that are related to modification of glass ionomer cements to improve their properties, particularly on physical-mechanical and antimicrobial activity. METHODS PubMed and Science Direct were searched for papers published between the years 1974 and 2018. The search was restricted to articles written in English related to modification of glass ionomer cements. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. The search included literature reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Articles written in other languages, without available abstracts and those related to other field were excluded. About 198 peer-review articles in the English language were reviewed. CONCLUSION Based on the finding, most of the modification has improved physical-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve their antimicrobial properties. However, the attempts were reported to compromise the physical-mechanical properties of modified glass ionomer cements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE As the modification of glass ionomer cement with different material improved the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties, it could be used as restorative material for wider application in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hii S Ching
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu P Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik R N Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Tuzuner T. In-vitro evaluation of the microhardness and fluoride releasing properties of chlorhexidine+benzalkonium chloride mixtures incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.407334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Elgamily H, Ghallab O, El-Sayed H, Nasr M. Antibacterial potency and fluoride release of a glass ionomer restorative material containing different concentrations of natural and chemical products: An in-vitro comparative study. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e312-e320. [PMID: 29750090 PMCID: PMC5937960 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans and fluoride release of a conventional glass ionomer (GI) contained natural and chemical agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred and ten GI specimens were divided into ten groups (n=21) according to the concentrations of the additives as; Propolis extract containing GI (Groups 1, 2, 3) with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.75% and 1.25% respectively, Miswak extract containing GI (Groups 4, 5, 6) and Chlorhexidine containing GI (Groups 7, 8, 9) with the same concentrations. The prepared specimens were subjected to antimicrobial activity by well diffusion, bacterial adherence, and fluoride release (from 2 to 72 hours) assessments. RESULTS A higher statistically significant antibacterial activity was found in (Groups 2, 3) compared to (Groups 8, 9), while (Groups 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10) no antibacterial efficacy was reported. For (Groups 2, 3) had a higher statistically significant anti-adherence effect compared to the other tested groups. Enhanced ascending increase in fluoride release was observed for (Groups 3, 4) compared to (GI). CONCLUSIONS The increased concentration of propolis extract had a synergistic effect on the antimicrobial activity of the tested GI. Additive concentrations of 0.25% Miswak and 1.25% propolis could enhance the fluoride-releasing ability of the tested GI. Key words:Propolis, miswak, chlorhexidine, glass ionomer, fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Elgamily
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omaima Ghallab
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain -Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mutah University, Jordan
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Antibacterial glass-ionomer cement restorative materials: A critical review on the current status of extended release formulations. J Control Release 2017; 262:317-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Simmons JO, Meyers EJ, Lien W, Banfield RL, Roberts HW, Vandewalle KS. Effect of surface treatments on the mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of desiccated glass ionomers. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1343-1351. [PMID: 27613394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of desiccated glass-ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) materials. METHODS One hundred GI and RMGI specimens were fabricated in a mold, stored in 100% humidity for 24h, placed in air to desiccate for 24h, and then stored for one week in one of the five media [casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium fluoride (NaF), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or 100% humidity (control)]. Fifty GI and RMGI specimens were tested in flexure to determine flexural strength and modulus, with the fragments used for Knoop hardness testing. The remaining 50 GI and RMGI specimens were covered with a suspension of Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 24h. The bacterial suspension was removed and the specimens were washed. Sterile saline was added, vortex mixed, serially diluted, and plated. CFU/mLs were calculated after 3days of incubation. RESULTS Compared to the 100% humidity control group, surface treatment of the desiccated GI and RMGI materials had a variable effect on the mechanical properties. In general, NaF provided the greatest improvement in flexural strength and modulus. Surface treatment of the desiccated GI or RMGI specimens with CHX or CPC resulted in no growth of the S. mutans. NaF resulted in significantly lower CFU/mL than CPP-ACP, which was significantly lower than the control group. SIGNIFICANCE Surface treatment with 5% NaF provides improved antimicrobial and strength properties of desiccated GI or RMGI materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O Simmons
- United States Air Force, 1615 Truemper St., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236, USA.
| | - Erik J Meyers
- United States Air Force, 1615 Truemper St., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236, USA.
| | - Wen Lien
- United States Air Force, 3650 Chambers Pass, Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78023, USA.
| | - Rosalia L Banfield
- United States Air Force, 2200 Bergquist Dr., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78233, USA.
| | - Howard W Roberts
- United States Air Force, 301 Fisher St., Keesler AFB, MS 39534, USA.
| | - Kraig S Vandewalle
- United States Air Force, 1615 Truemper St., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236, USA.
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das Neves PBA, Agnelli JAM, Kurachi C, de Souza CWO. Addition of silver nanoparticles to composite resin: effect on physical and bactericidal properties in vitro. Braz Dent J 2016; 25:141-5. [PMID: 25140719 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate physical properties and antibacterial activity of a light-activated composite modified with silver nanoparticles. Discs were produced with unmodified resin (control group - CG) and modified resin with silver nanoparticles at two concentrations, 0.3% wt (MR03) and 0.6% wt (MR06). Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms were induced in vitro by incubation of discs in a 20% sucrose medium, followed by sonication and counting of viable cells after 1, 4 and 7 days (n=9). The arithmetic roughness of all three groups was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (n=9). Compression assay was conducted in all groups to measure the compressive strength at failure and elasticity modulus (n=5). Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α=0.05%). At all three time points the number of viable cells was statistically lower for MR03 and MR06 compared with CG, for both specimens. MR03 and MR06 showed no significant differences. Microscopic analysis demonstrated no significant differences for roughness among the three groups (p>0.05). The MR03 was stronger to compression than CG, and MR06 was statistically lower than CG and MR03. It was concluded that the MR03 were less conducive to biofilm growth, without compromising the strength in compression and surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Kurachi
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Yadiki JV, Jampanapalli SR, Konda S, Inguva HC, Chimata VK. Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements with and without Chlorhexidine Gluconate. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016; 9:99-103. [PMID: 27365927 PMCID: PMC4921875 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate is a widely used antimicrobial agent. Adding chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds to filling materials, such as composite resins, acrylic resins, and glass ionomer cements increases the antibacterial property of restorative materials. This study includes antibacterial property of glass ionomer restorative cements with chlorhexidine gluconate. Aim: The primary objective of our study was to compare the antimicrobial properties of two commercially available glass ionomer cements with and without chlorhexidine gluconate on strains of mutans streptococci. Materials and methods: Two glass ionomers (Fuji II Conventional and Fuji IX) were used. Chlorhexidine gluconate was mixed with glass ionomer cements, and antimicrobial properties against mutans streptococci were assessed by agar diffusion. The tested bacterial strain was inhibited and the antimicrobial properties decreased with time. Results: The highest amount of antimicrobial activity with mean inhibitory zone was found in Fuji II with chlorhexidine gluconate followed by Fuji IX with chlorhexidine gluconate, Fuji II without chlorhexidine gluconate, and Fuji IX without chlorhexidine gluconate. Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed that the addition of 5% chlorhexidine gluconate to Fuji II and Fuji IX glass ionomer cements resulted in a restorative material that had increased antimicrobial properties over the conventional glass ionomer cements alone for Streptococcus mutans. How to cite this article: Yadiki JV, Jampanapalli SR , Konda S, Inguva HC, Chimata VK. Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements with and without Chlorhexidine Gluconate. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):99-103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josna Vinutha Yadiki
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sharada Reddy Jampanapalli
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Suhasini Konda
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Hema Chandrika Inguva
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Chimata
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Terna Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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do Amaral GS, Negrini T, Maltz M, Arthur RA. Restorative materials containing antimicrobial agents: is there evidence for their antimicrobial and anticaries effects? A systematic review. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:6-15. [PMID: 26018839 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate whether the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into dental restorative materials truly exerts an antimicrobial effect against common cariogenic bacteria (primary outcome), and whether the inclusion of antimicrobial agents is able to prevent caries around restorations (secondary outcome). MEDLINE, via PubMed, was searched for papers published between 1980 and 30 November 2014. A total of 1126 articles were retrieved. After inclusion/exclusion assessment, 147 full text articles were read and included in the review, comprising 130 in vitro, 1 in situ, and 4 in vivo studies, as well as 12 literature reviews. In about 78% of in vitro studies, and in all identified in situ and in vivo studies, a positive antimicrobial effect had been found. However, the anticaries effect had not been tested in any of the selected studies. It was concluded that there is indeed evidence that restorative dental materials containing antimicrobial agents exert an antimicrobial effect, both in laboratory and in clinical studies. However, no evidence has been found regarding the role of these agents in preventing or controlling dental caries, or in preventing caries around restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S do Amaral
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T Negrini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Maltz
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R A Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Mittal S, Soni H, Sharma DK, Mittal K, Pathania V, Sharma S. Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial and physical properties of conventional glass ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine and antibiotics. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:268-75. [PMID: 26310885 PMCID: PMC4547440 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.161754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and compressive strength of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing chlorhexidine and antibiotics at varying concentrations. Materials and Methods: Chlorhexidine diacetate and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline) were incorporated into GIC Fuji IX at 1.5% and 3% w/w ratio to form the experimental groups. The experimental GIC specimens were placed on brain heart infusion agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus mutans, and the area of inhibition was measured after 48 h. The 24-h compressive strength of the set specimens was evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine. Results: The control group demonstrated no zone of inhibition. All experimental groups showed inhibition against S. mutans (P < 0.05), with larger zones of inhibition found in the higher concentration groups. Compressive strength at the end of 24 h decreased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group (P < 0.05), but no difference was found between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that experimental GICs containing chlorhexidine diacetate and antibiotics were effective in inhibiting S. mutans, and incorporation of 1.5% ABX was optimal to give the appropriate antibacterial and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Mittal
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Heena Soni
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Devender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Himachal Dental College, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Mittal
- Department of Pedodontics, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, Punjab, India
| | - Vasundhara Pathania
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Farrugia C, Camilleri J. Antimicrobial properties of conventional restorative filling materials and advances in antimicrobial properties of composite resins and glass ionomer cements—A literature review. Dent Mater 2015; 31:e89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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MARTI LM, AZEVEDO ER, MATA MD, GIRO EMA, ZUANON ACC. Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on porosity and compressive strength of a glass ionomer cement. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/rou.2014.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:For presenting wide antibacterial activity, chlorhexidine (CHX) has been extensively used in dentistry and can be easily incorporated into the glass ionomer cement (GIC) and consequently released into the oral cavity.AIM: The aim of this study was porosity and compression strength of a GIC, that was added to different concentrations of CHX.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Specimens were prepared with GIC (Ketac Molar Esaymix) and divided into 4 groups according to the concentration of CHX: control, 0.5% and 1% and 2% (n = 10). For analysis of pores specimens were fractured with the aid of hammer and chisel surgical, so that the fracture was performed in the center of the specimens, dividing it in half and images were obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyzed in Image J software. The compressive strength test was conducted in a mechanical testing machine (EMIC - Equipment and Testing Systems Ltd., Joseph of the Pines, PR, Brazil). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey test. Significance level of 5%.RESULT: No statistically significant changes between the study groups was observed both for the number of pores as well as for the compressive strength.CONCLUSION: The use of GIC associated with CHX gluconate 1% and 2% is the best option to be used in dental practice.
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Hatunoğlu E, Oztürk F, Bilenler T, Aksakallı S, Simşek N. Antibacterial and mechanical properties of propolis added to glass ionomer cement. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:368-373. [PMID: 23944222 PMCID: PMC8673796 DOI: 10.2319/020413-101.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether adding ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) might influence the antibacterial and mechanical (shear-peel band strength [SPBS]) properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) used in orthodontic band cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cement was divided into four groups: one using the original composition and three with 10%, 25%, and 50% EEP added to the liquid and then manipulated. An antimicrobial assay, broth-dilution method was used to determine the antibacterial capacity of the GIC containing EEP. Eighty teeth were used for the mechanical assay, and an Instron testing machine was used to evaluate the SPBS. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS GIC with the addition of 25% and 50% EEP activated inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) growth, but this effect did not occur in the group to which 10% EEP was added or in the control GIC group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of SPBS (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of EEP may increase antibacterial properties without negatively modifying the mechanical properties of conventional GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Hatunoğlu
- a Research Assistant, Inonu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Malatya, Turkey
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Hook ER, Owen OJ, Bellis CA, Holder JA, O'Sullivan DJ, Barbour ME. Development of a novel antimicrobial-releasing glass ionomer cement functionalized with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:3. [PMID: 24456793 PMCID: PMC3905916 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are a class of dental biomaterials. They have a wide range of uses including permanent restorations (fillings), cavity linings, fissure sealants and adhesives. One of the most common reasons for replacing a dental restoration is recurrent bacterial tooth decay around the margins of the biomaterial. Therefore, a dental biomaterial which creates a sustained antimicrobial environment around the restoration would be of considerable clinical benefit. In this manuscript, the formulation of a GIC containing novel antimicrobial nanoparticles composed of chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate at 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20% powder substitution by mass is reported. The aim is to create GICs which contain chlorhexidine-hexametaphosphate nanoparticles and characterize the nanoparticle size, morphology and charge and the release of chlorhexidine and fluoride, tensile strength and morphology of the GICs. Results The GICs released chlorhexidine, which is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a wide range of oral bacteria, over the duration of the experiment in a dose-dependent manner. This was not at the expense of other properties; fluoride release was not significantly affected by the substitution of antimicrobial nanoparticles in most formulations and internal structure appeared unaffected up to and including 10% substitution. Diametral tensile strength decreased numerically with substitutions of 10 and 20% nanoparticles but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion A series of GICs functionalized with chlorhexidine-hexametaphosphate nanoparticles were created for the first time. These released chlorhexidine in a dose-dependent manner. These materials may find application in the development of a new generation of antimicrobial dental nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michele E Barbour
- Oral Nanoscience, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin St, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
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Marti LM, Mata MD, Ferraz-Santos B, Azevedo ER, Giro EMA, Zuanon ACC. Addition of Chlorhexidine Gluconate to a Glass Ionomer Cement: A Study on Mechanical, Physical and Antibacterial Properties. Braz Dent J 2014; 25:33-7. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the effect of different concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on setting time, surface hardness, maximum tensile bond strength and antibacterial activity of a glass ionomer cement (GIC). The material used as control was Ketac Molar Easymix GIC. CHX was incorporated into the GIC during its manipulation at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. Antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus was evaluated by means of agar diffusion test. Tensile bond strength data were analyzed statistically using Analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Setting time, Vickers hardness and agar diffusion test were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 5%. It was observed that adding CHX at concentrations of 1% and 2% increased significantly the setting time of the material (p=0.012 and p=0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference between control and 0.5% CHX groups regarding the setting time. Addition of 2% CHX decreased significantly the surface hardness in relation to the control group (p=0.009), followed by the 1% CHX group (p=0.009). The tensile bond strength of the material also decreased significantly after adding CHX at a concentration of 2% (p=0.001). Addition of CHX promoted formation of an inhibition halo in both bacterial strains for all concentrations. The results showed that the best option for clinical use of GIC with CHX is at 0.5% concentration, since antibacterial activity increased and the physical-mechanical properties remained unchanged.
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Antibacterial activity, surface roughness, flexural strength, and solubility of conventional luting cements containing chlorhexidine diacetate/cetrimide mixtures. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 110:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(13)60349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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CALDEIRA ÉM, OSÓRIO A, OBEROSLER ELC, VAITSMAN DS, ALVIANO DS, NOJIMA MDCG. Antimicrobial and fluoride release capacity of orthodontic bonding materials. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:327-34. [PMID: 24037071 PMCID: PMC3881890 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and fluoride releasing capacity of 3 bonding materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty nine specimens with standardized surface smoothness and dimensions were prepared. The antimicrobial capacity of the materials against S. mutans, L. casei and C. albicans was evaluated by determining the percentage of growth inhibition of these microorganisms in an inoculated medium, obtained by optical density readouts on a spectrophotometer. The potential to interfere in microbial growth on the surface of the studied materials was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fluoride release capacity in ultrapure water for 14 days was analyzed by means of ion chromatography. RESULTS The PLUS group presented the highest percentage of microbial inhibition and the most contamination-free surface. The FUJI group presented the best fluoride release capacity. CONCLUSIONS The TransbondTM Plus Color Change was the one that presented the best general behavior considering the evaluated aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Machado CALDEIRA
- DDS, MSD, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda OSÓRIO
- DDS, MSD, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edna Lúcia Couto OBEROSLER
- Biologist and Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
| | - Delmo Santiago VAITSMAN
- MSD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Sales ALVIANO
- PhD, Professor, Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves NOJIMA
- MSD, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Dentistry, Department of
Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Raj S, Agarwal M, Aradhya K, Konde S, Nagakishore V. Evaluation of Dental Fear in Children during Dental Visit using Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013; 6:12-5. [PMID: 25206180 PMCID: PMC4034641 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear of dental treatment in children has been recognized as a source of serious health problems and it may persist into adolescence, which may lead to a disruptive behavior, during dental treatment. In order to prevent this psychometric method namely the dental subscale of the children's fear survey schedule (CFSS-DS) is a well-known psychometric scale that was developed by Cuthbert and Melamed in 1982 for assessing dental fear in children. The present study was to evaluate dental fear in children during first dental visit using CFSS-DS between three different age group 4 and 6 years, 7 and 9 years, 10 and 14 years children to select fearful and nonfearful children from a larger reference population and to estimate the dental fear children. Total 600 children show CFSS-DS of 27.17 ± 5.3385, 307 were girls (51.17%) and they showed CFSS-DS of 27.50 ± 5.060 and 293 were boys (48.83%) and they show CFSS-DS 26.84 ± 5.617. This shows that there were no significant difference in fear between boys and girls. In 4 to 6 years show total CFSS-DS 28.78 ± 5.742, 7 to 9 years show that mean and standard deviation of CFSS-DS 27.81 ± 4.783, 10 to 14 years show that mean and standard deviation of CFSS-DS 25.93 ± 5.586. Fear scores were highest for ‘injections', ‘choking', ‘noise of dentist drilling', ‘dentist drilling which was not significant between boy's and girl's but item, ‘having somebody look at you’ showed that significant differences in fear scores between boys and girls in present study. The present study concluded that dental fear decreased as age increased. Total fear scores also exhibited no strong overall sex difference or age by sex interaction.
d> Raj S, Agarwal M, Aradhya K, Konde S, Nagakishore V. Evaluation of Dental Fear in Children during Dental Visit using Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(1):12-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Raj
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, AECS Maaruti Dental College Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pedodontics, AECS Maaruti Dental College Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Aradhya
- Department of Pedodontics, AECS Maaruti Dental College Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sapna Konde
- Department of Pedodontics, AECS Maaruti Dental College Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Nagakishore
- Department of Pedodontics, AECS Maaruti Dental College Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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de Castilho ARF, Duque C, Negrini TDC, Sacono NT, de Paula AB, Costa CADS, Spolidório DMP, Puppin-Rontani RM. In vitro and in vivo investigation of the biological and mechanical behaviour of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine. J Dent 2013; 41:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Mathew SM, Thomas AM, Koshy G, Dua K. Evaluation of the Microleakage of Chlorhexidine-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013; 6:7-11. [PMID: 25206179 PMCID: PMC4034633 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Recent advances including the incorporation of antibacterial substances, such as chlorhexidine, into restorative materials such as glass ionoer cement (GIC), might alter the physical properties of the material, which might affect the marginal seal of the restorations. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the marginal sealing ability of GC Fuji IX modified with 1% chlorhexidine diacetate and conventional GC Fuji IX. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty healthy molars were selected from the oral cavities of 30 children. The teeth were divided into two groups: Group I, teeth restored with 1% chlorhexidine diacetate modified GC Fuji IX and group II, teeth restored with GC Fuji IX. The restored teeth were extracted following 4 weeks and immersed in 2% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. They were then sectioned and scored under a light microscope of 10 × 10 magnification for dye penetration. RESULTS On statistical analysis difference between Chlorhexidine-Modified GIC group and GIC group with regard to grade of microleakage was found to be statistically nonsignificant (p = 0.543). CONCLUSION Since, addition of 1% chlorhexidine diacetate to GC Fuji IX showed comparable results with regard to microleakage, it can be considered a valuable alternative especially in atraumatic restorative treatment and for general clinical utility in restorative dentistry. How to cite this article: Mathew SM, Thomas AM, Koshy G, Dua K. Evaluation of the Microleakage of Chlorhexidine-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(1):7-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherryl Mary Mathew
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Royal Dental College, Iron Hills, Chalissery, Palakkad-679536 Kerala, India
| | - Abi Mathew Thomas
- Principal, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - George Koshy
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kapil Dua
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Dursun E, Le Goff S, Ruse DN, Attal JP. Effect of chlorhexidine application on the long-term shear bond strength to dentin of a resin-modified glass ionomer. Oper Dent 2012; 38:275-81. [PMID: 23092171 DOI: 10.2341/11-501-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to polyalkenoic acid-preconditioned dentin after 24 hours, six months, and 12 months of water storage at 37°C. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cylindrical molds, placed on flat, polyalkenoic acid (Cavity Conditioner® [GC]) preconditioned dentin surfaces of 90 human teeth embedded in resin, were filled with Fuji II LC® (GC), a RMGIC, with (n=45) or without (n=45) the prior application of a 0.05% CHX solution. Within each group, SBS was determined after 24 hours (n=15), six months (n=15), and 12 months (n=15) of storage in water at 37°C. The results were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey multiple means comparisons (p<0.05). The type of bond failure (adhesive/cohesive/mixed) was noted and the results were analyzed with chi-square test (p<0.05). RESULTS After 24 hours, the SBS of RMGIC was not significantly different with (9.0 ± 2.8 MPa) or without (8.3±0.6 MPa) the application of CHX. After six months, however, SBS increased significantly in the group without CHX (12.7±3.4 MPa) but remained unchanged in the CHX group (9.4±4.0 MPa). Similar results without CHX (12.6±3.8 MPa) and with CHX (9.5±3.2 MPa) were obtained after 12 months. No significant differences in the type of debonding were found between the various groups tested. CONCLUSION The application of 0.05% CHX after dentin preconditioning did not seem to have affected the 24-hour SBS of RMGIC. However, the six- and 12-month SBS was significantly lower for CHX-treated samples, possibly as a result of CHX interference with both the bonding mechanism and the maturation reaction of RMGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dursun
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris Descartes University, and Dental Department, Hospital Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, APHP, Paris, France.
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Rupf S, Balkenhol M, Sahrhage TO, Baum A, Chromik JN, Ruppert K, Wissenbach DK, Maurer HH, Hannig M. Biofilm inhibition by an experimental dental resin composite containing octenidine dihydrochloride. Dent Mater 2012; 28:974-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tüzüner T, Ulusu T. Effect of antibacterial agents on the surface hardness of a conventional glass-ionomer cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20:45-9. [PMID: 22437677 PMCID: PMC3928771 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), caries removal with hand excavation instruments is not as efficient as that with rotary burs in eliminating bacteria under the glass ionomer cements (GICs). Thus, different antibacterial agents have been used in recent studies to enhance the antibacterial properties of the GICs, without jeopardizing their basic physical properties. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibacterial agents on the surface hardness of a conventional GIC (Fuji IX) using Vickers microhardness [Vickers hardness number (VHN)] test. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cetrimide (CT), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) were added to the powder and benzalkonium chloride (BC) was added to the liquid of Fuji IX in concentrations of 1% and 2%, and served as the experimental groups. A control group containing no additive was also prepared. After the completion of setting reaction, VHN measurements were recorded at 1, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after storage in 37°C distilled water. A one-way ANOVA was performed followed by a Dunnett t test and Tamhane T2 tests and also repeated measurements ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons in 95% confidence interval. RESULTS VHN results showed significant differences between the control and the experimental groups at all time periods (p<0.05 for all). Significant differences were observed between all study periods for individual groups (p<0.05). After 7 days, VHNs were decreased in all experimental groups while they continued to increase in the control group. BC and CHX groups demonstrated the least whereas CT and CPC groups exhibited most adverse effect on the hardness of set cements. CONCLUSIONS Despite the decreased microhardness values in all experimental groups compared to the controls after 7 up to 90 days, incorporating certain antibacterial agents into Fuji IX GIC showed tolerable microhardness alterations within the limitations of this in vitro study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Tüzüner
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Du X, Huang X, Huang C, Frencken JE, Yang T. Inhibition of early biofilm formation by glass-ionomer incorporated with chlorhexidine in vivo: a pilot study. Aust Dent J 2012; 57:58-64. [PMID: 22369559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pilot study investigated the antibiofilm effects of glass-ionomer cements (GICs) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs) incorporated with chlorhexidine (CHX) in vivo. METHODS Experimental GICs and RMGICs containing 2% CHX were obtained by mixing CHX with the powder of GICs (CHXGIC) and RMGICs (CHXRMGIC). Four groups of specimens were prepared in a standardized size. After polishing and sterilization, they were bonded to the buccal surface of the molars in the first and second quadrant of volunteers and left untouched for 4 hours and 24 hours, respectively. The bacterial vitality of plaque was then analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The bacterial morphology and biofilm accumulation were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pH value of biofilm was assessed by Plaque Indicator Kits. RESULTS CLSM analysis revealed that bacterial vitality of the biofilm on CHXGIC and CHXRMGIC was significantly lower than that on GIC and RMGIC. SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of bacteria on CHXGIC and CHXRMGIC was irregular. The pH value of biofilm on the experimental materials presented no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-four hour bacterial vitality on GICs and RMGICs with CHX are lower in micro-organisms than on conventional GICs and RMGICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kurata S, Hamada N, Kanazawa A, Endo T. Study on antibacterial dental resin using tri-n-butyl(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:960-6. [PMID: 22123024 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of a polymeric phosphonium salt were studied to determine its suitability as an additive to develop an antibacterial dental resin. The phosphonium salt monomer studied was tri-n-butyl(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride (VP), and acrylic acid (AC) and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MA) were used as controls. The antibacterial activity of these monomers and their corresponding polymers (PVP, PAC, and PMA) against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was examined. When incubating S. mutans in a medium containing 10 μmol/mL for 24 hours, the antibacterial activity of PVP against S. mutans was high, while the antibacterial activity of PMA and VP was lower. AC, PAC and PMA exhibited the lowest antibacterial activity. The mechanical properties of the copolymers of methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and VP decreased as VP content increased, and were lower than those of poly(methyl methacrylate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeaki Kurata
- Department of Biomaterials and Devices, Kanagawa Dental College
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Troca VBPB, Fernandes KBP, Terrile AE, Marcucci MC, Andrade FBD, Wang L. Effect of green propolis addition to physical mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:100-5. [PMID: 21552709 PMCID: PMC4243746 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs)
combined with propolis as a natural antimicrobial substance Material and Methods Typified green propolis, as an ethanolic extract (EEP) or in the lyophilized form
(powder), was incorporated to specimens of Ketac Fil Plus, ChemFlex and Ketac
Molar Easymix GICs. For each test, 8 specimens of each material were prepared. For
water sorption and solubility tests, specimens were subjected to dehydration,
hydration and re-dehydration cycles until a constant mass was obtained for each
step. Measurements were recorded using a digital balance of 10-4 g
precision. For the diametral tensile strength test, specimens were tested in a
universal test machine at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed after 24 h storage in
deionized water. Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests
(p<0.05). Results The addition of propolis to GIC clearly increased water sorption compared to pure
material. Solubility was material-dependent and was not clearly evident. For the
diametral tensile strength test, association with propolis altered negatively only
Chemflex. Conclusion It may be concluded that incorporation of propolis to GICs alters some properties
in a material-dependent condition.
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de Castilho ARF, Duque C, Negrini TDC, Sacono NT, de Paula AB, Sacramento PA, de Souza Costa CA, Spolidorio DMP, Puppin-Rontani RM. Mechanical and biological characterization of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement containing doxycycline hyclate. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:131-8. [PMID: 21920494 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the mechanical and biological properties of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) containing doxycycline hyclate. METHODS The antibacterial effect of RMGIC containing 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% doxycycline hyclate was assessed using two experiments - agar diffusion test for 24h and biofilm assay for 24h and 7 days - against some cariogenic bacteria. Briefly, base layers of BHI agar and 300μL of each inoculum were prepared in Petri dishes with 6 wells that were completely filled with materials. After 24h incubation, zones of bacterial growth inhibition were measured using a digital caliper. Biofilm assays were conducted using RMGIC specimens immersed in 24-well plates containing the inoculum in BHI broth. After 24h and 7 days, each specimen were removed, vortexed and the suspension diluted and inoculated in BHI plates for subsequent bacterial counting. Cytotoxicity tests used 50 specimens made in sterilized metal molds, including Vitrebond as positive control. Extracts from every specimen were applied on the MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells for 24h. The MTT assay and SEM evaluation determined cell metabolism and morphology, respectively. 80 cylindrical specimens were made from the previously cited groups, and were submitted to testing with a universal testing machine (Instron 4411) using a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min for compressive strength and 0.5mm/min for diametral tensile strength, respectively. Data from antibacterial and cytotoxic effects, and mechanical properties were submitted to appropriated statistical tests. RESULTS All tested groups showed growth inhibition of all tested strains (p<0.05) in 24h for both microbiological tests, but only 4.5% doxycycline have antibacterial effect after 7 days. None of doxycycline concentrations caused toxic effect to the MDPC-23 cells or presenting alterations to mechanical properties. CONCLUSION The incorporation of up to 4.5% doxycycline hyclate into RMGIC inhibits important oral microorganisms, without modifying biological and mechanical characteristics of the dental material, suggesting a new alternative for the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R F de Castilho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tüzüner T, Kuşgöz A, Er K, Taşdemir T, Buruk K, Kemer B. Antibacterial activity and physical properties of conventional glass-ionomer cements containing chlorhexidine diacetate/cetrimide mixtures. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2011; 23:46-55. [PMID: 21323839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Hand excavation instruments are not as efficient as that with rotary burs in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). PURPOSE To evaluate the antibacterial activity (ABA), microhardness numbers (VHN), and cumulative fluoride releasing (CFR) patterns of conventional GICs (Fuji IX (FX) and Ketac Molar (KM)) containing chlorhexidine diacetate/cetrimide mixtures (2.5%/2.5%) (AB). MATERIALS AND METHODS The powders of ABs were added to powders of FX and KM selected as experimental groups (EXPs). FX and KM were assigned as controls (CNTs). ABA against S.mutans (MS) and L.casei (LB) were examined between 1-90 days. VHN were calculated after 24 hours and CFR patterns measured between 1-30 days. Analysis of variance was used for comparison (p<0.05) RESULTS Differences were found between EXPs regarding MS levels at days 1, 7 and 60 as well as for LB at all time periods (p<0.05). VHN decreased in EXPs compared to CNTs (p<0.05), and no differences were found between EXPs (p>0.05). CFR patterns tended to decrease in EXPs compared to the CNTs, but no differences were found between EXPs (p>0.05) CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These mixtures could be recommended for ART procedures to provide beneficial antibacterial effects without seriously deteriorating the physical properties of selected GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Tüzüner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Gamal AY, Kumper RM, Sadek HS, El Destawy MT. Chlorhexidine Controlled-Release Profile After EDTA Root Surface Etching: An In Vivo Study. J Periodontol 2011; 82:751-7. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Farret MM, de Lima EM, Mota EG, Oshima HMS, Barth V, de Oliveira SD. Can we add chlorhexidine into glass ionomer cements for band cementation? Angle Orthod 2011; 81:496-502. [PMID: 21299380 DOI: 10.2319/090310-518.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test if the addition of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) might influence the mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of two different conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) used for band cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two commercial brands of conventional GICs were used: Ketac Cem Easymix (3M/ESPE, St Paul, Minn) and Meron (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). The cements were manipulated in their original composition and also with 10% and 18% CHD in the liquid to create a total of six groups. Diametral tensile strength, compressive strength, microhardness, shear bond strength, and antibacterial effects in 5, 45, and 65 days against Streptococcus mutans were tested in all groups, and the data were submitted to statistical analyses. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups of the same material in diametral tensile, compressive strength, and shear bond strength (P > .05). There was significant improvement in the microhardness to the Ketac Cem Easymix (P < .001). GICs with the addition of CHD showed significant inhibition of S. mutans growth in comparison with the control groups at the three time points evaluated (P < .001). The addition of 18% CHD resulted in higher bacterial inhibition (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The addition of chlorhexidine digluconate to conventional GICs does not negatively modify the mechanical properties and may increase the antibacterial effects around the GICs even for relatively long periods of time.
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Shen C, Zhang NZ, Anusavice KJ. Fluoride and chlorhexidine release from filled resins. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1002-6. [PMID: 20581354 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510374055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin-based materials that release either fluoride or chlorhexidine have been formulated for inhibiting caries activity. It is not known if the two agents, when incorporated into one material, would interact and affect their release potential. We hypothesized that the ratio of fluoride to chlorhexidine incorporated into a resin, and the pH of the storage medium, will affect their releases from the material. The material investigated contained 23 wt% of filler, and the ratios of calcium fluoride to chlorhexidine diacetate were 8/2, 5/5, and 2/8. The release was conducted in pH 4, 5, and 6 acetate buffers. The results showed that release of either agent increased as the pH of the medium decreased. The presence of fluoride salt substantially reduced the chlorhexidine release, while the presence of a specific quantity of chlorhexidine significantly increased fluoride release. This interaction can be utilized to optimize the release of either agent for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, PO Box 100435, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610-0435, USA.
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Kwon TY, Hong SH, Kim YK, Kim KH. Antibacterial effects of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin containing chlorhexidine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 92:561-7. [PMID: 20024968 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of 4-acryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butylborane (4-META/MMA-TBB) resin containing chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate. The CHX was incorporated into the resins at varying concentrations from 0.0 (control) to 3.0%. The antibacterial effect of each resin against seven microorganisms was examined using agar diffusion tests. Growth inhibition of two streptococci was also tested in brain heart infusion (BHI) liquid broth containing each resin. Release of CHX was analyzed using HPLC, and enamel and dentin bond strengths of each resin were measured. In the agar diffusion tests, growth of all the microorganisms was inhibited by the resin specimens containing CHX at 1.0% or higher except for Enterococcus faecalis. There was greater sensitivity in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus than in the other bacteria tested. Complete growth inhibition of these two streptococci was observed in BHI liquid broth containing 1.0-1.5% or greater CHX-incorporated resin. According to HPLC analysis, 1.0% and 1.5% CHX-containing resins released means of 3.63 and 8.59 microg/mL of CHX, respectively. Specimens with 0.5-1.5% and 0.5-2.0% CHX exhibited no significant reduction in enamel and dentin bond strengths, respectively, when compared to the control (p > 0.05). This in vitro study suggested that incorporation of 1.0-1.5% CHX digluconate into the 4-META resin is optimal in terms of antibacterial effects and bond strength to the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yub Kwon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-412, Korea
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Zhang H. Chlorhexidine-containing cavity disinfectant may not benefit the clinical performance of high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement following ART after 24 months. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2009; 9:34-5. [PMID: 19269617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357456, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA.
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Yesilyurt C, Er K, Tasdemir T, Buruk K, Celik D. Antibacterial Activity and Physical Properties of Glass-ionomer Cements Containing Antibiotics. Oper Dent 2009; 34:18-23. [DOI: 10.2341/08-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
The incorporation of low quantity antibiotics into glass-ionomer cement can be effective for use with the ART approach.
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TÜRKÜN LS, TÜRKÜN MURAT, ERTUG˘RUL FAHINUR, ATES¸ MUSTAFA, BRUGGER STEFAN. Long-Term Antibacterial Effects and Physical Properties of a Chlorhexidine-Containing Glass Ionomer Cement. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2008; 20:29-44; discussion 45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2008.00146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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da Silva RC, Zuanon ACC, Spolidorio DMP, Campos JADB. Antibacterial activity of four glass ionomer cements used in atraumatic restorative treatment. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:1859-62. [PMID: 17497079 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro antibacterial activity of four glass ionomer cements (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Vidrion R and Vitromolar) indicated for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was studied against strains of bacteria involved in the development of oral diseases, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus. The agar plate diffusion test was used for the cultures, which included chlorhexidine as a positive control. The results demonstrated that all the cements evaluated presented antibacterial activity. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Fuji IX and Ketac Molar presented the most effective antibacterial activity considering the ART approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cristiane da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara Dental School-UNESP-São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Chlorhexidine salts are available in various formulations for dental applications. This study tested the hypothesis that the release of chlorhexidine from a urethane dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate resin system can be effectively controlled by the chlorhexidine diacetate content and pH. The filler concentrations were 9.1, 23.1, or 33.3 wt%, and the filled resins were exposed to pH 4 and pH 6 acetate buffers. The results showed that Fickian diffusion was the dominant release mechanism. The rates of release were significantly higher in pH 4 buffer, which was attributed to the increase of chlorhexidine diacetate solubility at lower pH. The higher level of filler loading reduced the degree of polymerization, leading to a greater loss of organic components and higher chlorhexidine release rates.
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Takahashi Y, Imazato S, Kaneshiro AV, Ebisu S, Frencken JE, Tay FR. Antibacterial effects and physical properties of glass-ionomer cements containing chlorhexidine for the ART approach. Dent Mater 2006; 22:647-52. [PMID: 16226806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) involves removal of carious lesions with manual instruments, improvement of filling materials to guarantee greater success should be considered. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial, physical, and bonding properties of glass-ionomer cements (GIC) containing chlorhexidine (CHX), and to determine optimal concentrations for incorporation of agents to obtain antibacterial GICs for use with the ART approach. METHODS CHX diacetate combined with CHX dihydrochloride was added to control GIC powder to obtain concentration ratios of 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, 1/1, or 2/2% w/w. Antibacterial activity of each cement against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei or Actinomyces naeslundii was examined using agar-diffusion methods, and release of CHX was analyzed by HPLC. Compressive strength, bond strength to dentin, and setting time were measured, and compared with those of control samples. RESULTS All experimental GICs exhibited inhibition of three bacteria, but sizes of inhibition zones and concentrations of CHX released were not dependent upon CHX content. Incorporation of CHX diacetate at 2% or greater, significantly decreased compressive strength, and bond strength to dentin was adversely affected by addition of CHX diacetate at 2% or more (p<0.05, ANOVA, Fisher's PLSD test), although setting time was extended a little by addition of any concentrations of CHX. SIGNIFICANCE The present results demonstrate that experimental GICs containing CHX are effective in inhibiting bacteria associated with caries, and incorporation of 1% CHX diacetate is optimal to give appropriate physical and bonding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Ersin NK, Uzel A, Aykut A, Candan U, Eronat C. Inhibition of cultivable bacteria by chlorhexidine treatment of dentin lesions treated with the ART technique. Caries Res 2006; 40:172-7. [PMID: 16508277 DOI: 10.1159/000091120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the cultivable microflora of carious dentin before and after atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and investigate the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine-gluconate-based cavity disinfectant in the microflora. Using a split mouth design, 35 primary molar pairs with class II carious lesions in 35 patients (mean age 7.31+/-0.47 years) were selected. The total viable counts (TVC), Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli were first measured in the center of the infected demineralized lesion and then from the hard dentine after caries removal by the ART technique. Chlorhexidine-gluconate (2%)-based cavity disinfectant was applied to one of the molar pairs and the other molar received no disinfectant treatment. Thereafter, all of the teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Cavities were reassessed after 6 months and again dentine samples were microbiologically investigated. Removal of carious dentine by ART significantly reduced TVC, S. mutans and lactobacilli. After 6 months, application of chlorhexidine exhibited a greater significant reduction in TVC (p=0.013), and a significant reduction in S. mutans compared to the nondisinfected group (p<0.001). A significant reduction in lactobacilli counts was observed in both groups after 6 months, but the difference between the disinfected and nondisinfected groups was not significant (p=0.056). ART was found to be effective in reducing the cultivable microflora and chlorhexidine-gluconate-based cavity disinfectant might serve as a suitable additional agent in inhibiting the residual bacteria in the dentine.
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Leung D, Spratt DA, Pratten J, Gulabivala K, Mordan NJ, Young AM. Chlorhexidine-releasing methacrylate dental composite materials. Biomaterials 2005; 26:7145-53. [PMID: 15955557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Light curable antibacterial, dental composite restoration materials, consisting of 80 wt% of a strontium fluoroaluminosilicate glass dispersed in methacrylate monomers have been produced. The monomers contained 40-100 wt% of a 10 wt% chlorhexidine diacetate (CHXA) in hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) solution and 60-0 wt% of a 50/50 mix of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). On raising HEMA content, light cure polymerisation rates decreased. Conversely, water sorption induced swelling and rates of diffusion controlled CHXA release from the set materials increased. Experimental composites with 50 and 90 wt% of the CHXA in HEMA solution in the monomer were shown, within a constant depth film fermentor (CDFF), to have slower rates of biofilm growth on their surfaces between 1 and 7 days than the commercial dental composite Z250 or fluoride-releasing dental cements, Fuji II LC and Fuji IX. When an excavated bovine dentine cylinder re-filled with Z250 was placed for 10 weeks in the CDFF, both bacteria and polymers from the artificial saliva penetrated between the material and dentine. With the 50 wt% experimental HEMA/CHXA formulation, this bacterial microleakage was substantially reduced. Polymer leakage, however, still occurred. Both polymer and bacterial microleakage were prevented with a 90 wt% HEMA/CHXA restoration in the bovine dentine due to swelling compensation for polymerisation shrinkage in combination with antibacterial release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Leung
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK
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Palmer G, Jones FH, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. Chlorhexidine release from an experimental glass ionomer cement. Biomaterials 2004; 25:5423-31. [PMID: 15130727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GIC) can potentially be used as matrices for the slow release of active species, as has been shown previously for fluoride ions. This study investigated the use of an experimental GIC as a carrier for the release of chlorhexidine acetate (CHA) at included concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 13.0% of CHA by weight. Release into water was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography. All measurable chlorhexidine was released within 22 h1/2, however this was less than 10% of the total mass incorporated in the specimens. An increased percentage of CHA incorporated into the powder gave an increased release into the surrounding water. The bulk of the CHA was retained within the cement. For comparison, the surface chemistry of a CHA-containing GIC was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after prolonged immersion in water. This confirmed retention of a large amount of CHA. Spectra after leaching appeared very similar to those from a CHA-free GIC after immersion in a CHA solution. In order to explore the effect of CHA-inclusion on the cement properties, compressive strengths, working and setting times were also measured. In general, compressive strengths were found to be decreased in direct proportion to the quantity of CHA added, while working and setting times increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palmer
- Department of Biomaterials, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, 256, Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
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