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Fayed B, Shakartalla SB, Sabbah H, Dalle H, Tannira M, Senok A, Soliman SSM. Transcriptome Analysis of Human Dermal Cells Infected with Candida auris Identified Unique Pathogenesis/Defensive Mechanisms Particularly Ferroptosis. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:65. [PMID: 38990436 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multi-drug resistant yeast that can cause life-threatening infections. A recent report clarified the ability of C. auris to form a biofilm with enhanced drug resistance properties in the host skin's deep layers. The formed biofilm may initiate further bloodstream spread and immune escape. Therefore, we propose that secreted chemicals from the biofilm may facilitate fungal pathogenesis. In response to this interaction, the host skin may develop potential defensive mechanisms. Comparative transcriptomics was performed on the host dermal cells in response to indirect interaction with C. auris biofilm through Transwell inserts compared to planktonic cells. Furthermore, the effect of antifungals including caspofungin and fluconazole was studied. The obtained data showed that the dermal cells exhibited different transcriptional responses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome analyses identified potential defensive responses employed by the dermal cells and potential toxicity induced by C. auris. Additionally, our data indicated that the dominating toxic effect was mediated by ferroptosis; which was validated by qRT-PCR, cytotoxicity assay, and flow cytometry. On the other hand, the viability of C. auris biofilm was enhanced and accompanied by upregulation of MDR1, and KRE6 upon interaction with dermal cells; both genes play significant roles in drug resistance and biofilm maturation, respectively. This study for the first-time shed light on the dominating defensive responses of human dermal cells, microbe colonization site, to C. auris biofilm and its toxic effects. Further, it demonstrates how C. auris biofilm responds to the defensive mechanisms developed by the human dermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarra B Shakartalla
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, P.O.Box. 21111, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Hassan Sabbah
- AbbVie BioPharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 118052, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hala Dalle
- AbbVie BioPharmaceuticals, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14 Dubai Healthcare City, P.O.Box 505055, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
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Masanta S, Wiesyk A, Panja C, Pilch S, Ciesla J, Sipko M, De A, Enkhbaatar T, Maslanka R, Skoneczna A, Kucharczyk R. Fmp40 ampylase regulates cell survival upon oxidative stress by controlling Prx1 and Trx3 oxidation. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103201. [PMID: 38795545 PMCID: PMC11140801 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), play important roles in cellular signaling, nonetheless are toxic at higher concentrations. Cells have many interconnected, overlapped or backup systems to neutralize ROS, but their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal an essential role for mitochondrial AMPylase Fmp40 from budding yeast in regulating the redox states of the mitochondrial 1-Cys peroxiredoxin Prx1, which is the only protein shown to neutralize H2O2 with the oxidation of the mitochondrial glutathione and the thioredoxin Trx3, directly involved in the reduction of Prx1. Deletion of FMP40 impacts a cellular response to H2O2 treatment that leads to programmed cell death (PCD) induction and an adaptive response involving up or down regulation of genes encoding, among others the catalase Cta1, PCD inducing factor Aif1, and mitochondrial redoxins Trx3 and Grx2. This ultimately perturbs the reduced glutathione and NADPH cellular pools. We further demonstrated that Fmp40 AMPylates Prx1, Trx3, and Grx2 in vitro and interacts with Trx3 in vivo. AMPylation of the threonine residue 66 in Trx3 is essential for this protein's proper endogenous level and its precursor forms' maturation under oxidative stress conditions. Additionally, we showed the Grx2 involvement in the reduction of Trx3 in vivo. Taken together, Fmp40, through control of the reduction of mitochondrial redoxins, regulates the hydrogen peroxide, GSH and NADPH signaling influencing the yeast cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Masanta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Aneta Wiesyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Chiranjit Panja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pilch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Ciesla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Marta Sipko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Abhipsita De
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Tuguldur Enkhbaatar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Roman Maslanka
- Institute of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland.
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Handelman M, Meir Z, Shadkchan Y, Abo Kandil A, Amano O, Mariscal M, López-Berges MS, Osherov N. Evolution of the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus on high copper levels identifies novel resistance genes. mSphere 2024; 9:e0025324. [PMID: 38814077 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00253-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of severe mold infections in immunocompromised patients. This common fungus possesses innate attributes that allow it to evade the immune system, including its ability to survive the high copper (Cu) levels in phagosomes. Our previous work has revealed that under high Cu levels, the A. fumigatus transcription factor AceA is activated, inducing the expression of the copper exporter CrpA to expel excess Cu. To identify additional elements in Cu resistance, we evolved A. fumigatus wild-type and mutant ΔaceA or ΔcrpA strains under increasing Cu concentrations. Sequencing of the resultant resistant strains identified both shared and unique evolutionary pathways to resistance. Reintroduction of three of the most common mutations in genes encoding Pma1 (plasma membrane H+-ATPase), Gcs1 (glutamate cysteine-ligase), and Cpa1 (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase), alone and in combination, into wild-type A. fumigatus confirmed their additive role in conferring Cu resistance. Detailed analysis indicated that the pma1 mutation L424I preserves Pma1 H+-ATPase activity under high Cu concentrations and that the cpa1 mutation A37V confers a survival advantage to conidia in the presence of Cu. Interestingly, simultaneous mutations of all three genes did not alter virulence in infected mice. Our work has identified novel Cu-resistance pathways and provides an evolutionary approach for dissecting the molecular basis of A. fumigatus adaptation to diverse environmental challenges.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatus is the most common mold infecting patients with weakened immunity. Infection is caused by the inhalation of mold spores into the lungs and is often fatal. In healthy individuals, spores are engulfed by lung immune cells and destroyed by a combination of enzymes, oxidants, and high levels of copper. However, the mold can protect itself by pumping out excess copper with specific transporters. Here, we evolved A. fumigatus under high copper levels and identified new genetic mutations that help it resist the toxic effects of copper. We studied how these mutations affect the mold's ability to resist copper and how they impact its ability to cause disease. This is the first such study in a pathogenic mold, and it gives us a better understanding of how it manages to bypass our body's defenses during an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Handelman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Meir
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Shadkchan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ammar Abo Kandil
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orin Amano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Melani Mariscal
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez López-Berges
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Nowrouzi B, Torres-Montero P, Kerkhoven EJ, Martínez JL, Rios-Solis L. Rewiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism for optimised Taxol® precursors production. Metab Eng Commun 2024; 18:e00229. [PMID: 38098801 PMCID: PMC10716015 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2023.e00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been conveniently used to produce Taxol® anticancer drug early precursors. However, the harmful impact of oxidative stress by the first cytochrome P450-reductase enzymes (CYP725A4-POR) of Taxol® pathway has hampered sufficient progress in yeast. Here, we evolved an oxidative stress-resistant yeast strain with three-fold higher titre of their substrate, taxadiene. The performance of the evolved and parent strains were then evaluated in galactose-limited chemostats before and under the oxidative stress by an oxidising agent. The interaction of evolution and oxidative stress was comprehensively evaluated through transcriptomics and metabolite profiles integration in yeast enzyme-constrained genome scale model. Overall, the evolved strain showed improved respiration, reduced overflow metabolites production and oxidative stress re-induction tolerance. The cross-protection mechanism also potentially contributed to better heme, flavin and NADPH availability, essential for CYP725A4 and POR optimal activity in yeast. The results imply that the evolved strain is a robust cell factory for future efforts towards Taxol© production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Nowrouzi
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BD, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Pablo Torres-Montero
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José L. Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BD, United Kingdom
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Moreira LDPD, Porcellato D, Marangon M, Nadai C, Duarte VDS, Devold TG, Giacomini A, Corich V. Interactions between Starmerella bacillaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during sequential fermentations influence the release of yeast mannoproteins and impact the protein stability of an unstable wine. Food Chem 2024; 440:138311. [PMID: 38160596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Wine protein haze formation is a problem due to grape proteins aggregation during wine storage. The cell wall components of wine yeasts, particularly high molecular weight mannoproteins, have a protective effect against haze formation, although their involvement remains poorly understood. This study aimed at characterizing glycosylated proteins released by Starmerella bacillaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during single and sequential fermentations in a synthetic must, and testing their impact on wine protein stability. Mannoproteins-rich extracts from sequential fermentations showed an increase in the low MW polysaccharide fraction and, when added to an unstable wine, had a greater effect on protein stability than S. cerevisiae extracts. Shotgun proteomics approaches revealed that the identified cell wall proteins exclusively found in sequential fermentations were produced by both S. bacillaris (MKC7, ENG1) and S. cerevisiae (Bgl2p). Moreover, sequential fermentations significantly increased the expression of Scw4p and 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase (GAS5), produced by S. cerevisiae. Finally, some of the key proteins identified might play a positive role in increasing wine protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza de Paula Dias Moreira
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Live Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Live Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, TV, Italy; Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Live Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Tove Gulbrandsen Devold
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Live Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, TV, Italy
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Kaur J, Tiwari N, Asif MH, Dharmesh V, Naseem M, Srivastava PK, Srivastava S. Integrated genome-transcriptome analysis unveiled the mechanism of Debaryomyces hansenii-mediated arsenic stress amelioration in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133954. [PMID: 38484657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally, rice is becoming more vulnerable to arsenic (As) pollution, posing a serious threat to public food safety. Previously Debaryomyces hansenii was found to reduce grain As content of rice. To better understand the underlying mechanism, we performed a genome analysis to identify the key genes in D. hansenii responsible for As tolerance and plant growth promotion. Notably, genes related to As resistance (ARR, Ycf1, and Yap) were observed in the genome of D. hansenii. The presence of auxin pathway and glutathione metabolism-related genes may explain the plant growth-promoting potential and As tolerance mechanism of this novel yeast strain. The genome annotation of D. hansenii indicated that it contains a repertoire of genes encoding antioxidants, well corroborated with the in vitro studies of GST, GR, and glutathione content. In addition, the effect of D. hansenii on gene expression profiling of rice plants under As stress was also examined. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database revealed 307 genes, annotated in D. hansenii-treated rice, related to metabolic pathways (184), photosynthesis (12), glutathione (10), tryptophan (4), and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite (117). Higher expression of regulatory elements like AUX/IAA and WRKY transcription factors (TFs), and defense-responsive genes dismutases, catalases, peroxiredoxin, and glutaredoxins during D. hansenii+As exposure was also observed. Combined analysis revealed that D. hansenii genes are contributing to stress mitigation in rice by supporting plant growth and As-tolerance. The study lays the foundation to develop yeast as a beneficial biofertilizer for As-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Kaur
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Nikita Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Mehar Hasan Asif
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Varsha Dharmesh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mariya Naseem
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suchi Srivastava
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Shi L, Lin W, Cai Y, Chen F, Zhang Q, Liang D, Xiu Y, Lin S, He B. Oxidative Stress-Mediated Repression of Virulence Gene Transcription and Biofilm Formation as Antibacterial Action of Cinnamomum burmannii Essential Oil on Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3078. [PMID: 38474323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the chemical compounds of Cinnamomum burmannii leaf essential oil (CBLEO) and to unravel the antibacterial mechanism of CBLEO at the molecular level for developing antimicrobials. CBLEO had 37 volatile compounds with abundant borneol (28.40%) and showed good potential to control foodborne pathogens, of which Staphylococcus aureus had the greatest inhibition zone diameter (28.72 mm) with the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 μg/mL) and bactericidal concentration (2.0 μg/mL). To unravel the antibacterial action of CBLEO on S. aureus, a dynamic exploration of antibacterial growth, material leakage, ROS formation, protein oxidation, cell morphology, and interaction with genome DNA was conducted on S. aureus exposed to CBLEO at different doses (1/2-2×MIC) and times (0-24 h), indicating that CBLEO acts as an inducer for ROS production and the oxidative stress of S. aureus. To highlight the antibacterial action of CBLEO on S. aureus at the molecular level, we performed a comparative association of ROS accumulation with some key virulence-related gene (sigB/agrA/sarA/icaA/cidA/rsbU) transcription, protease production, and biofilm formation in S. aureus subjected to CBLEO at different levels and times, revealing that CBLEO-induced oxidative stress caused transcript suppression of virulence regulators (RsbU and SigB) and its targeted genes, causing a protease level increase destined for the biofilm formation and growth inhibition of S. aureus, which may be a key bactericidal action. Our findings provide valuable information for studying the antibacterial mechanism of essential oil against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dongcheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Boxiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Erkoc-Kaya D, Arikoglu H, Guclu E, Dursunoglu D, Menevse E. Juglone-ascorbate treatment enhances reactive oxygen species mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:340. [PMID: 38393422 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is challenging due to its aggressiveness and acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents and strategies is essential. Juglone, a naphthoquinone, is a secondary metabolite produced naturally in walnut-type trees having allelopathic features in its native environment. Juglone was shown to prevent cell proliferation and induce ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Ascorbate with both antioxidant and oxidant features, shows selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of Juglone in combination with ascorbate in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 PC cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 dose of Juglone with 1 mM NaAscorbate (Jug-NaAsc). Subsequently, the cells were treated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM Jug-NaAsc for 24 h. Apoptotic effects were evaluated by analyzing the following genes using qPCR; proapoptotic Bax, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and apoptosis inhibitor Birc5 (Survivin). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed using Annexin V-FITC in PC cells. As an antioxidant enzyme, Trx2 protein levels were determined by a commercial ELISA test kit. Jug-NaAsc treatment decreased the expressions of antiapoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Birc5 while the apoptotic gene Bax expression increased at all doses. Additionally, a dose-dependently increase of apoptosis according to immunofluorescence analysis and the decreases of Trx2 enzyme levels at all treatments in both cell lines supported gene expression results. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Juglone is a potential anticancer agent especially when combined with ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudu Erkoc-Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Arikoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Guclu
- Department of Basic Science and Health, Hemp Research Institute Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Duygu Dursunoglu
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esma Menevse
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Zhang LB, Qiu TT, Qiu XG, Yang WWJ, Ye XY, Meng C. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis unveils a negative effect of glutathione metabolism on laccase activity in Cerrena unicolor 87613. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0340523. [PMID: 38230929 PMCID: PMC10846260 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03405-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor 87613 has been previously shown to be a promising resource in laccase production, an enzyme with significant biotechnological applications. Conventional methods face technical challenges in improving laccase activity. Attempts are still being made to develop novel approaches for further enhancing laccase activity. This study aimed to understand the regulation of laccase activity in C. unicolor 87613 for a better exploration of the novel approach. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in extracellular laccase activity. The findings indicated a strong correlation between the glutathione metabolism pathway and laccase activity. Subsequently, experimental verifications were conducted by manipulating the pathway using chemical approaches. The additive reduced glutathione (GSH) dose-dependently repressed laccase activity, while the GSH inhibitors (APR-246) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer (H2O2) enhanced laccase activity. Changes in GSH levels could determine the intracellular redox homeostasis in interaction with ROS and partially affect the expression level of laccase genes in C. unicolor 87613 in turn. In addition, GSH synthetase was found to mediate GSH abundance in a feedback loop. This study suggests that laccase activity is negatively influenced by GSH metabolism and provides a theoretical basis for a novel strategy to enhance laccase activity by reprogramming glutathione metabolism at a specific cultivation stage.IMPORTANCEThe production of laccase activity is limited by various conventional approaches, such as heterologous expression, strain screening, and optimization of incubation conditions. There is an urgent need for a new strategy to meet industrial requirements more effectively. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of Cerrena unicolor 87613. For the first time, we discovered a negative role played by reduced glutathione (GSH) and its metabolic pathway in influencing extracellular laccase activity. Furthermore, we identified a feedback loop involving GSH, GSH synthetase gene, and GSH synthetase within this metabolic pathway. These deductions were confirmed through experimental investigations. These findings not only advanced our understanding of laccase activity regulation in its natural producer but also provide a theoretical foundation for a strategy to enhance laccase activity by reprogramming glutathione metabolism at a specific cultivation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Gen Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Wu-Wei-Jie Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
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10
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Shen J, Liu J, Fan X, Liu H, Bao Y, Hui A, Munir HA. Unveiling the antibacterial strategies and mechanisms of MoS 2: a comprehensive analysis and future directions. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:596-620. [PMID: 38054499 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem that requires alternative antibacterial agents. MoS2, a two-dimensional transition metal sulfide, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its exceptional photocatalytic performance, excellent infrared photothermal effect, and impressive antibacterial properties. This review presents a detailed analysis of the antibacterial strategies and mechanism of MoS2, starting with its morphology and synthesis methods and focusing on the different interaction stages between MoS2 and bacteria. The paper summarizes the main antibacterial mechanisms of MoS2, such as photocatalytic antibacterial, enzyme-like catalytic antibacterial, physical antibacterial, and photothermal-assisted antibacterial. It offers a comprehensive discussion focus on recent research studies of photocatalytic antibacterial mechanisms and categorizes them, guiding the application of MoS2 in the antibacterial field. Overall, the review provides an in-depth understanding of the antibacterial mechanisms of MoS2 and presents the challenges and future directions for the improvement of MoS2 in the field of high-efficiency antibacterial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Junli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Xiuyi Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Yan Bao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - AiPing Hui
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hafiz Akif Munir
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
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11
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Pákozdi K, Emri T, Antal K, Pócsi I. Global Transcriptomic Changes Elicited by sodB Deletion and Menadione Exposure in Aspergillus nidulans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1060. [PMID: 37998866 PMCID: PMC10671992 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) play a pivotal role in the preservation of mitochondrial integrity and function in fungi under various endogenous and exogenous stresses. Deletion of Aspergillus nidulans mnSOD/SodB increased oxidative stress sensitivity and apoptotic cell death rates as well as affected antioxidant enzyme and sterigmatocystin productions, respiration, conidiation and the stress tolerance of conidiospores. The physiological consequences of the lack of sodB were more pronounced during carbon starvation than in the presence of glucose. Lack of SodB also affected the changes in the transcriptome, recorded by high-throughput RNA sequencing, in menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)-exposed, submerged cultures supplemented with glucose. Surprisingly, the difference between the global transcriptional changes of the ΔsodB mutant and the control strain were relatively small, indicating that the SodB-dependent maintenance of mitochondrial integrity was not essential under these experimental conditions. Owing to the outstanding physiological flexibility of the Aspergilli, certain antioxidant enzymes and endogenous antioxidants together with the reduction in mitochondrial functions compensated well for the lack of SodB. The lack of sodB reduced the growth of surface cultures more than of the submerged culture, which should be considered in future development of fungal disinfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Pákozdi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Antal
- Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary;
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Wangsanut T, Sukantamala P, Pongpom M. Identification of glutathione metabolic genes from a dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei and their gene expression patterns under different environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13888. [PMID: 37620377 PMCID: PMC10449922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a human fungal pathogen that causes endemic opportunistic infections, especially in Southeast Asia. The key virulence factors of T. marneffei are the ability to survive host-derived heat and oxidative stress, and the ability to convert morphology from environmental mold to fission yeast forms during infection. Glutathione metabolism plays an essential role in stress response and cellular development in multiple organisms. However, the role of the glutathione system in T. marneffei is elusive. Here, we identified the genes encoding principal enzymes associated with glutathione metabolism in T. marneffei, including glutathione biosynthetic enzymes (Gcs1 and Gcs2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1), glutathione reductase (Glr1), and a family of glutathione S-transferase (Gst). Sequence homology search revealed an extended family of the TmGst proteins, consisting of 20 TmGsts that could be divided into several classes. Expression analysis revealed that cells in conidia, mold, and yeast phases exhibited distinct expression profiles of glutathione-related genes. Also, TmGst genes were highly upregulated in response to hydrogen peroxide and xenobiotic exposure. Altogether, our findings suggest that T. marneffei transcriptionally regulates the glutathione genes under stress conditions in a cell-type-specific manner. This study could aid in understanding the role of glutathione in thermal-induced dimorphism and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Wangsanut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panwarit Sukantamala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Monsicha Pongpom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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13
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Luo Y, Pang J, Peng C, Ye J, Long B, Tong J, Shi J. Cr(VI) Reduction and Fe(II) Regeneration by Penicillium oxalicum SL2-Enhanced Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37474249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) faces significant challenges in Cr(VI) remediation through aggregation and passivation. This study identified a Cr(VI)-resistant filamentous fungus (Penicillium oxalicum SL2) for nZVI activation and elucidated the synergistic mechanism in chromium remediation. P. oxalicum SL2 and nZVI synergistically and effectively removed Cr(VI), mainly by extracellular nonenzymatic reduction (89.1%). P. oxalicum SL2 exhibited marked iron precipitate solubilization and Fe(II) regeneration capabilities. The existence of the Fe(II)-Cr(V)-oxalate complex (HCrFeC4O9) indicated that in addition to directly reducing Cr(VI), iron ions generated by nZVI stimulated Cr(VI) reduction by organic acids secreted by P. oxalicum SL2. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that P. oxalicum SL2 inhibited phosphate transport channels to suppress Cr(VI) transport, facilitated iron and siderophore transport to store Fe, activated the glyoxylate cycle to survive harsh environments, and enhanced organic acid and riboflavin secretion to reduce Cr(VI). Cr(VI) exposure also stimulated the antioxidative system, promoting catalase activity and maintaining the intracellular thiol/disulfide balance. Cr(VI)/Fe(III) reductases played crucial roles in the intracellular reduction of chromium and iron, while nZVI decreased cellular oxidative stress and alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity to P. oxalicum SL2. Overall, the P. oxalicum SL2-nZVI synergistic system is a promising approach for regenerating Fe(II) while reducing Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingli Pang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jien Ye
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Bibo Long
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Jianhao Tong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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14
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Nagy L, Vonk P, Künzler M, Földi C, Virágh M, Ohm R, Hennicke F, Bálint B, Csernetics Á, Hegedüs B, Hou Z, Liu X, Nan S, Pareek M, Sahu N, Szathmári B, Varga T, Wu H, Yang X, Merényi Z. Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes. Stud Mycol 2023; 104:1-85. [PMID: 37351542 PMCID: PMC10282164 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2022.104.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruiting bodies (sporocarps, sporophores or basidiomata) of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are among the most complex structures produced by fungi. Unlike vegetative hyphae, fruiting bodies grow determinately and follow a genetically encoded developmental program that orchestrates their growth, tissue differentiation and sexual sporulation. In spite of more than a century of research, our understanding of the molecular details of fruiting body morphogenesis is still limited and a general synthesis on the genetics of this complex process is lacking. In this paper, we aim at a comprehensive identification of conserved genes related to fruiting body morphogenesis and distil novel functional hypotheses for functionally poorly characterised ones. As a result of this analysis, we report 921 conserved developmentally expressed gene families, only a few dozens of which have previously been reported to be involved in fruiting body development. Based on literature data, conserved expression patterns and functional annotations, we provide hypotheses on the potential role of these gene families in fruiting body development, yielding the most complete description of molecular processes in fruiting body morphogenesis to date. We discuss genes related to the initiation of fruiting, differentiation, growth, cell surface and cell wall, defence, transcriptional regulation as well as signal transduction. Based on these data we derive a general model of fruiting body development, which includes an early, proliferative phase that is mostly concerned with laying out the mushroom body plan (via cell division and differentiation), and a second phase of growth via cell expansion as well as meiotic events and sporulation. Altogether, our discussions cover 1 480 genes of Coprinopsis cinerea, and their orthologs in Agaricus bisporus, Cyclocybe aegerita, Armillaria ostoyae, Auriculariopsis ampla, Laccaria bicolor, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus tigrinus, Mycena kentingensis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Schizophyllum commune, providing functional hypotheses for ~10 % of genes in the genomes of these species. Although experimental evidence for the role of these genes will need to be established in the future, our data provide a roadmap for guiding functional analyses of fruiting related genes in the Agaricomycetes. We anticipate that the gene compendium presented here, combined with developments in functional genomics approaches will contribute to uncovering the genetic bases of one of the most spectacular multicellular developmental processes in fungi. Citation: Nagy LG, Vonk PJ, Künzler M, Földi C, Virágh M, Ohm RA, Hennicke F, Bálint B, Csernetics Á, Hegedüs B, Hou Z, Liu XB, Nan S, M. Pareek M, Sahu N, Szathmári B, Varga T, Wu W, Yang X, Merényi Z (2023). Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes. Studies in Mycology 104: 1-85. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.104.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.G. Nagy
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - P.J. Vonk
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - M. Künzler
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - C. Földi
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - M. Virágh
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - R.A. Ohm
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - F. Hennicke
- Project Group Genetics and Genomics of Fungi, Chair Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany;
| | - B. Bálint
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - Á. Csernetics
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - B. Hegedüs
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - Z. Hou
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - X.B. Liu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - S. Nan
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, PR China
| | - M. Pareek
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - N. Sahu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - B. Szathmári
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - T. Varga
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - H. Wu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
| | - X. Yang
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Z. Merényi
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary;
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15
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Zhang S, Ke C, Jiang M, Li Y, Huang W, Dang Z, Guo C. S(-II) reactivates Cd 2+-stressed Shewanella oneidensis via promoting low-molecular-weight thiols synthesis and activating antioxidant defense. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121516. [PMID: 36972810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient remedies for living organisms including bacteria to counteract cadmium (Cd2+) toxicity are still highly needed. Plant toxicity studies have showed that exogenous S(-II) (including hydrogen sulfide and its ionic forms, i.e., H2S, HS-, and S2-) application can effectively alleviate adverse effects of Cd stress, but whether S(-II) could mitigate bacterial Cd toxicity remains unclear. In this study, S(-II) was applied exogenously to Cd-stressed Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and the results showed that S(-II) can significantly reactivate impaired physiological processes including growth arrest and enzymatic ferric (Fe(III) reduction inhibition. The efficacy of S(-II) treatment is negatively correlated with the concentration and time length of Cd exposure. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis suggested the presence of cadmium sulfide inside cells treated with S(-II). Both compared proteomic analysis and RT-qPCR showed that enzymes associated with sulfate transport, sulfur assimilation, methionine, and glutathione biosynthesis were up-regulated in both mRNA and protein levels after the treatment, indicating S(-II) may induce the biosynthesis of functional low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols to counteract Cd toxicity. Meanwhile, the antioxidant enzymes were positively modulated by S(-II) and thus the activity of intracellular reactive oxygen species was attenuated. The study demonstrated that exogenous S(-II) can effectively alleviate Cd stress for S. oneidensis likely through inducing intracellular trapping mechanisms and modulating cellular redox status. It suggested that S(-II) may be a highly effective remedy for bacteria such as S. oneidensis under Cd-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changdong Ke
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengge Jiang
- Guangzhou Metro Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510335, China
| | - Yuancheng Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuling Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Qiao L, Dou X, Song X, Chang J, Zeng X, Zhu L, Xu C. Selenite Bioremediation by Food-Grade Probiotic Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393: Insights from Proteomics Analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0065923. [PMID: 37219421 PMCID: PMC10269480 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00659-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms capable of converting toxic selenite into elemental selenium (Se0) are considered an important and effective approach for bioremediation of Se contamination. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of reducing selenite to Se0 and forming Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) by food-grade probiotic Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (L. casei ATCC 393) through proteomics analysis. The results showed that selenite added during the exponential growth period of bacteria has the highest reduction efficiency, and 4.0 mM selenite decreased by nearly 95% within 72 h and formed protein-capped-SeNPs. Proteomics analysis revealed that selenite induced a significant increase in the expression of glutaredoxin, oxidoreductase, and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, which can transport glutathione (GSH) and selenite. Selenite treatment significantly increased the CydC and CydD (putative cysteine and glutathione importer, ABC transporter) mRNA expression level, GSH content, and GSH reductase activity. Furthermore, supplementation with an additional GSH significantly increased the reduction rate of selenite, while GSH depletion significantly inhibited the reduction of selenite, indicating that GSH-mediated Painter-type reaction may be the main pathway of selenite reduction in L. casei ATCC 393. Moreover, nitrate reductase also participates in the reduction process of selenite, but it is not the primary factor. Overall, L. casei ATCC 393 effectively reduced selenite to SeNPs by GSH and nitrate reductase-mediated reduction pathway, and the GSH pathway played the decisive role, which provides an environmentally friendly biocatalyst for the bioremediation of Se contamination. IMPORTANCE Due to the high solubility and bioavailability of selenite, and its widespread use in industrial and agricultural production, it is easy to cause selenite to accumulate in the environment and reach toxic levels. Although the bacteria screened from special environments have high selenite tolerance, their safety has not been fully verified. It is necessary to screen out strains with selenite-reducing ability from nonpathogenic, functionally known, and widely used strains. Herein, we found food-grade probiotic L. casei ATCC 393 effectively reduced selenite to SeNPs by GSH and nitrate reductase-mediated reduction pathway, which provides an environmentally friendly biocatalyst for the bioremediation of Se contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xina Dou
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofan Song
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajing Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Camargo ARO, Van Mastrigt O, Bongers RS, Ben-Amor K, Knol J, Smid EJ, Abee T. Enhanced stress resistance of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 by induction of stress proteins at near-zero growth rates. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:85-94. [PMID: 36790092 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium breve is a common habitant of the human gut and is used as probiotic in functional foods. B. breve has to cope with multiple stress conditions encountered during processing and passage through the human gut, including high temperature, low pH and exposure to oxygen. Additionally, during industrial processing and in the gut, B. breve could encounter nutrient limitation resulting in reduced growth rates that can trigger adaptive stress responses. For this reason, it is important to develop culture methods that elicit resistance to multiple stresses (robustness) encountered by the bacteria. To investigate the impact of caloric restriction on robustness of the probiotic B. breve NRBB57, this strain was grown in lactose-limited chemostat cultures and in retentostat for 21 days, at growth rates ranging from 0.4 h-1 to 0.00081 h-1. Proteomes of cells harvested at different growth rates were correlated to acid, hydrogen peroxide and heat stress survival capacity. Comparative proteome analysis showed that retentostat-grown cells had significantly increased abundance of a variety of stress proteins involved in protein quality maintenance and DNA repair (DnaJ, Hsp90, FtsH, ClpB, ClpP1, ClpC, GroES, RuvB, RecA), as well as proteins involved in oxidative stress defence (peroxiredoxin, ferredoxin, thioredoxin peroxidase, glutaredoxin and thioredoxin reductase). Exposure to three different stress conditions, 45 °C, pH 3, and 10 mM H2O2, showed highest stress resistance of retentostat cells sampled at week 2 and week 3 grown at 0.0018 and 0.00081 h-1. Our findings show that cultivation at near-zero growth rates induces higher abundance of stress defence proteins contributing to the robustness of B. breve NRBB57, thereby offering an approach that may support its production and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ortiz Camargo
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - O Van Mastrigt
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R S Bongers
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Ben-Amor
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E J Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Jeon GB, Lee HJ, Park JP, Park K, Choi CH, Kim SK. Efficient production of glutathione in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via a synthetic isozyme system. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200398. [PMID: 36326163 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione, a tripeptide consisting of cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine, has multiple beneficial effects on human health. Previous studies have focused on producing glutathione in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpressing γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) and glutathione synthetase (GSH2), which are the rate-limiting enzymes involved in the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. However, the production yield and titer of glutathione remain low due to the feedback inhibition on GSH1. To overcome this limitation, a synthetic isozyme system consisting of a novel bifunctional enzyme (GshF) from Gram-positive bacteria possessing both GSH1 and GSH2 activities, in addition to GSH1/GSH2, was introduced into S. cerevisiae, as GshF is insensitive to feedback inhibition. Given the HSP60 chaperonin system mismatch between bacteria and S. cerevisiae, co-expression of Group-I HSP60 chaperonins (GroEL and GroES) from Escherichia coli was required for functional expression of GshF. Among various strains constructed in this study, the SKSC222 strain capable of synthesizing glutathione with the synthetic isozyme system produced 240 mg L-1 glutathione with glutathione content and yield of 4.3% and 25.6 mgglutathione /gglucose , respectively. These values were 6.6-, 4.9-, and 4.3-fold higher than the corresponding values of the wild-type strain. In a glucose-limited fed-batch fermentation, the SKSC222 strain produced 2.0 g L-1 glutathione in 67 h. Therefore, this study highlights the benefits of the synthetic isozyme system in enhancing the production titer and yield of value-added chemicals by engineered strains of S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Beom Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea
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19
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Hypoxia Affects the Antioxidant Activity of Glutaredoxin 3 in Scylla paramamosain through Hypoxia Response Elements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010076. [PMID: 36670937 PMCID: PMC9855028 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major environmental stressor that can damage the oxidation metabolism of crustaceans. Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a key member of the thioredoxin superfamily and plays an important role in the host's defense against oxidative stress. At present, the role of Grx in response to hypoxia in crustaceans remains unclear. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Grx3 (SpGrx3) was obtained from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, which contains a 129-bp 5' untranslated region, a 981-bp open reading frame, and a 1,183-bp 3' untranslated region. The putative SpGrx3 protein contains an N-terminal thioredoxin domain and two C-terminal Grx domains. SpGrx3 was expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression in the anterior gills. After hypoxia, SpGrx3 expression was significantly up-regulated in the anterior gills of mud crabs. The expression of Grx2 and glutathione S-transferases was decreased, while the expression of glutathione peroxidases was increased following hypoxia when SpGrx3 was silenced in vivo. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity of SpGrx3-interfered mud crabs was significantly decreased, and the malondialdehyde content was significantly increased during hypoxia. The subcellular localization data indicated that SpGrx3 was predominantly localized in the nucleus when expressed in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. Moreover, overexpression of SpGrx3 reduced the content of reactive oxygen species in S2 cells during hypoxia. To further investigate the transactivation mechanism of SpGrx3 during hypoxia, the promoter region of the SpGrx3 was obtained by Genome Walking and three hypoxia response elements (HREs) were predicted. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that SpGrx3 was likely involved in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway during hypoxia, which could be mediated through HREs. The results indicated that SpGrx3 is involved in regulating the antioxidant system of mud crabs and plays a critical role in the response to hypoxia.
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20
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Campana R, Fanelli F, Sisti M. Role of melanin in the black yeast fungi Aureobasidium pullulans and Zalaria obscura in promoting tolerance to environmental stresses and to antimicrobial compounds. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:817-825. [PMID: 36517149 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of melanin in Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 15233 and Zalaria obscura LS31012019, under simulated osmotic, oxidative, and high temperature stress conditions, on the susceptibility to essential oils (EOs) or antifungals and on the resistance to UV-C radiation was investigated. 93.6% of melanized A. pullulans and 92% of Z. obscura survived to 40 °C for 1 h compared to 77% and 76% of the non-melanized ones, while both yeasts tolerated a high concentration of NaCl (up to 30%) and H2O2 (up to 400 mM) regardless of melanin production. Higher EOs antifungal efficacy was observed in non-melanized cells (growth inhibition zone >30 mm) compared to the melanized ones (25 mm). Similarly, the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values were evidenced for Fluconazole, Clotrimazole, Bifonazole and Amphotericin in the non-melanized fungi. Increasing UV-C intensity (up to 2004.5 J/m2) caused total death in the non-melanized strains compared to about 30% growth reduction in the melanized ones. The results of this investigation, the first focused on the biological role of melanin in "black-fungi", are novel and encourage a better understanding of the biochemical features of melanin in the environmental adaptive ability of the new species Z. obscura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Fanelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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21
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Müller H, Lesur A, Dittmar G, Gentzel M, Kettner K. Proteomic consequences of TDA1 deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Protein kinase Tda1 is essential for Hxk1 and Hxk2 serine 15 phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18084. [PMID: 36302925 PMCID: PMC9613766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexokinase 2 (Hxk2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a dual function hexokinase, acting as a glycolytic enzyme and being involved in the transcriptional regulation of glucose-repressible genes. Relief from glucose repression is accompanied by phosphorylation of Hxk2 at serine 15, which has been attributed to the protein kinase Tda1. To explore the role of Tda1 beyond Hxk2 phosphorylation, the proteomic consequences of TDA1 deficiency were investigated by difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) comparing a wild type and a Δtda1 deletion mutant. To additionally address possible consequences of glucose repression/derepression, both were grown at 2% and 0.1% (w/v) glucose. A total of eight protein spots exhibiting a minimum twofold enhanced or reduced fluorescence upon TDA1 deficiency was detected and identified by mass spectrometry. Among the spot identities are-besides the expected Hxk2-two proteoforms of hexokinase 1 (Hxk1). Targeted proteomics analyses in conjunction with 2D-DIGE demonstrated that TDA1 is indispensable for Hxk2 and Hxk1 phosphorylation at serine 15. Thirty-six glucose-concentration-dependent protein spots were identified. A simple method to improve spot quantification, approximating spots as rotationally symmetric solids, is presented along with new data on the quantities of Hxk1 and Hxk2 and their serine 15 phosphorylated forms at high and low glucose growth conditions. The Δtda1 deletion mutant exhibited no altered growth under high or low glucose conditions or on alternative carbon sources. Also, invertase activity, serving as a reporter for glucose derepression, was not significantly altered. Instead, an involvement of Tda1 in oxidative stress response is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Müller
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antoine Lesur
- grid.451012.30000 0004 0621 531XLuxembourg Institute of Health, 1a Rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- grid.451012.30000 0004 0621 531XLuxembourg Institute of Health, 1a Rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg ,grid.16008.3f0000 0001 2295 9843Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue de Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Gentzel
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TP Molecular Analysis / Mass Spectrometry, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 46/47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karina Kettner
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Growth ability, carbon source utilization and biochemical features of the new specie Zalaria obscura. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:229. [PMID: 36149541 PMCID: PMC9508035 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the characteristics of Zalaria obscura LS31012019 in terms of growth ability in different media (SDB, YPD and TSB) and temperatures (22, 25 and 37 °C), utilization of several carbon sources (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Sucrose, Xylose, Glycerol and Mannitol at 5, 2 and 1%) and several biochemical features (total protein content, Glutathione, pigments), in comparison with those of the phylogenetically related Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 15233. The best growth of Z. obscura LS31012019 was obtained in YPD at 25 °C with the highest OD value (0.45) after 144 h of incubation, similar to that of A. pullulans ATCC 15233 (0.48). Glucose resulted the preferred carbon source for both the considered yeasts but also sucrose resulted in efficacy supporting the growth of Z. obscura LS31012019 and A. pullulans ATCC 15233, for their ability in converting sucrose to glucose and fructose and the latter into glucose. Interestingly, Z. obscura LS31012019 utilized also glycerol and mannitol. The biochemical analysis showed the similarity of protein profile in Z. obscura LS31012019 and A. pullulans ATCC 15233 (from 90 to 20 kDa) and a reduced GSH content (0.321 and 0.233 µmol/mg). The pigments extraction with hexane generated a yellow oleaginous pellet in both the strains, while a yellow solid matrix more intensely coloured in A. pullulans ATTC 15233 was visible with the following solvent extractions. Overall, our data showed that Z. obscura LS31012019 can grow in different media and temperatures and utilize carbon sources apart from glucose and sucrose, shifting to a non-fermentative metabolism. These results improve the information regarding the characteristics of Z. obscura, opening a new field of investigation for the possible application of new species of black yeasts in human application.
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23
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The Role of the Glutathione System in Stress Adaptation, Morphogenesis and Virulence of Pathogenic Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810645. [PMID: 36142553 PMCID: PMC9500636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis and stress adaptation are key attributes that allow fungal pathogens to thrive and infect human hosts. During infection, many fungal pathogens undergo morphological changes, and this ability is highly linked to virulence. Furthermore, pathogenic fungi have developed multiple antioxidant defenses to cope with the host-derived oxidative stress produced by phagocytes. Glutathione is a major antioxidant that can prevent cellular damage caused by various oxidative stressors. While the role of glutathione in stress detoxification is known, studies of the glutathione system in fungal morphological switching and virulence are lacking. This review explores the role of glutathione metabolism in fungal adaptation to stress, morphogenesis, and virulence. Our comprehensive analysis of the fungal glutathione metabolism reveals that the role of glutathione extends beyond stressful conditions. Collectively, glutathione and glutathione-related proteins are necessary for vitality, cellular development and pathogenesis.
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24
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Wang X, Lu H, Li Q, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Comparative genome and transcriptome of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans GF3 for analyzing the detoxification mechanism of anthraquinone compounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113545. [PMID: 35453018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone compounds (ACs) could be efficiently degraded and detoxified by bacteria. However, the molecular mechanism of bacterial degradation and detoxification of ACs remains unclear. In this study, 1-aminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonate (ASA-2) was used as a model anthraquinone compound, the response mechanism of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans GF3 to ASA-2 using genomics and transcriptomics techniques was investigated. Comparative genome analysis showed that strain GF3 owned an especial gene region (Genes 1337-1399) containing the genes encoding cytochrome P450, monooxygenase, dehydrogenase and oxidoreductase, which did not commonly exist in Rhodococcus genus. The amino acid sequences of these genes were similar to those of the cleavage enzymes of anthraquinone ring in Aspergillus genus. Moreover, the transcriptions of Genes 1392-1394 (cytochrome 450 gene cluster) displayed 1.8-3.1-fold up-regulation under ASA-2 exposure. Meanwhile, as an intermediate product of ASA-2, catechol was degraded to acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA and pyruvate, resulting in the enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATP generation. This process also promoted the up-regulation of the genes encoding resistance, efflux, transporter and anti-oxidation pressure proteins, which were involved in resisting ASA-2 and maintaining the homeostasis of cells. These results provided us with a further understanding of the molecular mechanism of degradation and detoxification of ACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Qiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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25
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Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a major concern due to its deleterious consequences for human health. Rapid industrialization also has weakened the quality of the environment by introducing pollutants that may disrupt balanced ecosystems, adversely and irreversibly impacting humans, plants, and animals. Arsenic, an important toxicant among all environmental hazards, can lead to several detrimental effects on cells and organs, impacting the overall quality of life. Nevertheless, arsenic also has a rich history as a chemotherapeutic agent used in ancient days for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, cancer, plague, and syphilis when other chemotherapeutic agents were yet to be discovered. Arsenicosis-mediated disorders remain a serious problem due to the lack of effective therapeutic options. Initially, chelation therapy was used to metabolically eliminate arsenic by forming a complex, but adverse effects limited their pharmacological use. More recently, plant-based products have been found to provide significant relief from the toxic effects of arsenic poisoning. They act by different mechanisms affecting various cellular processes. Phytoconstituents such as curcumin, quercetin, diallyl trisulfide, thymoquinone, and others act via various molecular pathways, primarily by attenuating oxidative damage, membrane damage, DNA damage, and proteinopathies. Nonetheless, most of the phytochemicals reviewed here protect against the adverse effects of metal or metalloid exposure, supporting their consideration as alternatives to chelation therapy. These agents, if used prophylactically and in conjunction with other chemotherapeutic agents, may provide an effective approach for management of arsenic toxicity. In a few instances, such strategies like coadministration of phytochemicals with a known chelating agent have led to more pronounced elimination of arsenic from the body with lesser off-site adverse effects. This is possible because combination treatment ensures the use of a reduced dose of chelating agent with a phytochemical without compromising treatment. Thus, these therapies are more practical than conventional therapeutic agents in ameliorating arsenic-mediated toxicity. This review summarizes the potential of phytochemicals in alleviating arsenic toxicity on the basis of available experimental and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiya Samim Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226020, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226020, India
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26
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Kocaefe-Özşen N, Yilmaz B, Alkım C, Arslan M, Topaloğlu A, Kısakesen HLB, Gülsev E, Çakar ZP. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of an Oxidative Stress-Resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Obtained by Evolutionary Engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822864. [PMID: 35283819 PMCID: PMC8911705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major stress type observed in yeast bioprocesses, resulting in a decrease in yeast growth, viability, and productivity. Thus, robust yeast strains with increased resistance to oxidative stress are in highly demand by the industry. In addition, oxidative stress is also associated with aging and age-related complex conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a model eukaryote, has been used to study these complex eukaryotic processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress responses and resistance are unclear. In this study, we have employed evolutionary engineering (also known as adaptive laboratory evolution – ALE) strategies to obtain an oxidative stress-resistant and genetically stable S. cerevisiae strain. Comparative physiological, transcriptomic, and genomic analyses of the evolved strain were then performed with respect to the reference strain. The results show that the oxidative stress-resistant evolved strain was also cross-resistant against other types of stressors, including heat, freeze-thaw, ethanol, cobalt, iron, and salt. It was also found to have higher levels of trehalose and glycogen production. Further, comparative transcriptomic analysis showed an upregulation of many genes associated with the stress response, transport, carbohydrate, lipid and cofactor metabolic processes, protein phosphorylation, cell wall organization, and biogenesis. Genes that were downregulated included those related to ribosome and RNA processing, nuclear transport, tRNA, and cell cycle. Whole genome re-sequencing analysis of the evolved strain identified mutations in genes related to the stress response, cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism/transport, which are in line with the physiological and transcriptomic results, and may give insight toward the complex molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Kocaefe-Özşen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Alkım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alican Topaloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil L Brahim Kısakesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Gülsev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Petek Çakar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Chen S, Fan L, Song J, Zhang H, Doucette C, Hughes T, Campbell L. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Neosartorya pseudofischeri ascospores subjected to heat treatment. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104446. [PMID: 34883268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neosartorya pseudofischeri, a heat- resistant fungus, was isolated from contaminated blueberry juice in our laboratory. To obtain a better understanding of the cellular process of heat- resistant fungus, a quantitative proteomic investigation employing stable isotope labeling by peptide demethylation was conducted on changes in intracellular proteins of N. pseudofischeri ascospores subjected to heat treatment at 93 °C for 0, 1 or 8 min. In total, 811 proteins were identified and quantified. Using the normalized ratio of protein abundance, proteins that changed more than two- fold after heat treatment were identified as significantly increased or decreased proteins and grouped into four clusters based on their quantitative changes. Decreased proteins were found mainly involved in the central carbon metabolism, heat stress responses, reactive oxygen intermediates elimination and translation events. A group of proteins in relation to toxicant degradation and antibiotic neutralization linking to environmental adaptability and tolerance of heat- resistant, was also identified. These findings provide insights into protein changes of N. pseudofischeri ascospores and lay foundations for further investigations on heat- resistant molds using targeted quantitative approaches. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH: Heat- resistant fungi can survive pasteurization processes, and subsequently germinate and grow to cause spoilage of food products, leading to significant economic losses for the food industry and potential health risk for the consumers. To obtain a better understanding of the cellular process of heat- resistant fungi, a quantitative proteomic approach employing stable isotope labeling by peptide demethylation has been used to investigate the intracellular protein changes of N. pseudofischeri ascospores isolated from blueberry juice and subjected to heat treatment. 150 significantly changed proteins were grouped into four clusters based on their quantitative changes. The significant decrease in protein abundance in response to heat treatment revealed possible mechanism that N. pseudofischeri ascospores could survive the heat treatment. This is the first proteomic profile report for N. pseudofischeri. These findings provide insights into protein changes of N. pseudofischeri and lay foundations for further investigations on heat- resistant fungi using targeted quantitative approaches to evaluate the efficiency of thermal treatment for processed food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of aquatic product processing and quality safety, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada.
| | - Jun Song
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Craig Doucette
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Timothy Hughes
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Leslie Campbell
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
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28
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Cabrera J, Marcoval MA, Díaz-Jaramillo M, Gonzalez M. Single and Combined Effects of Cypermethrin and UVR Pre-Exposure in the Microalgae Phaeodactylum Tricornutum. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:507-516. [PMID: 34545442 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine microalgae are exposed to anthropogenic pollutants, including pesticides from aquaculture/agriculture/household uses. Some microalgae species, such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum, can induce and accumulate UV-absorbing compounds (UACs) upon ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to prevent deleterious effects. Tolerance mechanisms activated by natural stressors might also protect organisms from anthropogenic stressors. This work assesses the effects of the insecticide cypermethrin (Cyp) and UVR in the marine microalgae P tricornutum. Considering the pro-oxidant properties of both stressors and UACs' induction in P tricornutum, lethal and sublethal effects of Cyp were tested in cultures with and without UVR acclimation. After a 24-h exposure to 10 μg L-1 of technical Cyp or culture medium, UACs, growth, glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST), sulfhydryl groups (SH-g), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed. Results showed differences in terms of growth between Cyp and Cyp + UVR pre-exposure. UACs' content was induced after UVR acclimation and diminished after 24 h of growth in control and UVR pre-treated cultures, while levels remained constant under Cyp exposure. A single Cyp exposure exerted GST induction, SH-g depletion, and LPO increments. In UVR-acclimatized treatments, oxidative stress responses showed similar or more pronounced effects than the single chemical exposure, suggesting a potential additive effect of the UVR acclimation. The contrasting effects of Cyp + UVR observed between growth and biochemical responses suggest different compensatory mechanisms that need to be further investigated. Also, it highlights the need to include both lethal and sublethal endpoints to understand microalgae's tolerance and its significance in the multiple stressors' context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Estresores Múltiples en el Ambiente (EMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ma Alejandra Marcoval
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Jaramillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Estresores Múltiples en el Ambiente (EMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Estresores Múltiples en el Ambiente (EMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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29
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Jakab Á, Emri T, Csillag K, Szabó A, Nagy F, Baranyai E, Sajtos Z, Géczi D, Antal K, Kovács R, Szabó K, Dombrádi V, Pócsi I. The Negative Effect of Protein Phosphatase Z1 Deletion on the Oxidative Stress Tolerance of Candida albicans Is Synergistic with Betamethasone Exposure. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070540. [PMID: 34356919 PMCID: PMC8305657 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid betamethasone (BM) has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects; however, it increases the susceptibility of patients to superficial Candida infections. Previously we found that this disadvantageous side effect can be counteracted by menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) induced oxidative stress treatment. The fungus specific protein phosphatase Z1 (CaPpz1) has a pivotal role in oxidative stress response of Candida albicans and was proposed as a potential antifungal drug target. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of CaPPZ1 gene deletion and MSB treatment in BM pre-treated C. albicans cultures. We found that the combined treatment increased redox imbalance, enhanced the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the growth in cappz1 mutant (KO) strain. RNASeq data demonstrated that the presence of BM markedly elevated the number of differentially expressed genes in the MSB treated KO cultures. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species, increased iron content and fatty acid oxidation, as well as the inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis and RNA metabolic processes explain, at least in part, the fungistatic effect caused by the combined stress exposure. We suggest that the synergism between MSB treatment and CaPpz1 inhibition could be considered in developing of a novel combinatorial antifungal strategy accompanying steroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Jakab
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.E.); (K.C.); (A.S.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.E.); (K.C.); (A.S.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Kinga Csillag
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.E.); (K.C.); (A.S.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Anita Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.E.); (K.C.); (A.S.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Fruzsina Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Edina Baranyai
- Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsófi Sajtos
- Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dóra Géczi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.E.); (K.C.); (A.S.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Károly Antal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Eszterházy Károly University, 3300 Eger, Hungary;
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Viktor Dombrádi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (V.D.)
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.E.); (K.C.); (A.S.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
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30
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Paredes GF, Viehboeck T, Lee R, Palatinszky M, Mausz MA, Reipert S, Schintlmeister A, Maier A, Volland JM, Hirschfeld C, Wagner M, Berry D, Markert S, Bulgheresi S, König L. Anaerobic Sulfur Oxidation Underlies Adaptation of a Chemosynthetic Symbiont to Oxic-Anoxic Interfaces. mSystems 2021; 6:e0118620. [PMID: 34058098 PMCID: PMC8269255 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01186-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosynthetic symbioses occur worldwide in marine habitats, but comprehensive physiological studies of chemoautotrophic bacteria thriving on animals are scarce. Stilbonematinae are coated by thiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria. As these nematodes migrate through the redox zone, their ectosymbionts experience varying oxygen concentrations. However, nothing is known about how these variations affect their physiology. Here, by applying omics, Raman microspectroscopy, and stable isotope labeling, we investigated the effect of oxygen on "Candidatus Thiosymbion oneisti." Unexpectedly, sulfur oxidation genes were upregulated in anoxic relative to oxic conditions, but carbon fixation genes and incorporation of 13C-labeled bicarbonate were not. Instead, several genes involved in carbon fixation were upregulated under oxic conditions, together with genes involved in organic carbon assimilation, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and urea utilization. Furthermore, in the presence of oxygen, stress-related genes were upregulated together with vitamin biosynthesis genes likely necessary to withstand oxidative stress, and the symbiont appeared to proliferate less. Based on its physiological response to oxygen, we propose that "Ca. T. oneisti" may exploit anaerobic sulfur oxidation coupled to denitrification to proliferate in anoxic sand. However, the ectosymbiont would still profit from the oxygen available in superficial sand, as the energy-efficient aerobic respiration would facilitate carbon and nitrogen assimilation. IMPORTANCE Chemoautotrophic endosymbionts are famous for exploiting sulfur oxidization to feed marine organisms with fixed carbon. However, the physiology of thiotrophic bacteria thriving on the surface of animals (ectosymbionts) is less understood. One longstanding hypothesis posits that attachment to animals that migrate between reduced and oxic environments would boost sulfur oxidation, as the ectosymbionts would alternatively access sulfide and oxygen, the most favorable electron acceptor. Here, we investigated the effect of oxygen on the physiology of "Candidatus Thiosymbion oneisti," a gammaproteobacterium which lives attached to marine nematodes inhabiting shallow-water sand. Surprisingly, sulfur oxidation genes were upregulated under anoxic relative to oxic conditions. Furthermore, under anoxia, the ectosymbiont appeared to be less stressed and to proliferate more. We propose that animal-mediated access to oxygen, rather than enhancing sulfur oxidation, would facilitate assimilation of carbon and nitrogen by the ectosymbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F. Paredes
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Viehboeck
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raymond Lee
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Marton Palatinszky
- University of Vienna, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela A. Mausz
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- University of Vienna, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Large-Instrument Facility for Environmental and Isotope Mass Spectrometry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Maier
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Geosciences, Geography, and Astronomy, Department of Geography and Regional Research, Geoecology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Marie Volland
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hirschfeld
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- University of Vienna, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Vienna, Austria
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - David Berry
- University of Vienna, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Markert
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silvia Bulgheresi
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena König
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Yoshikawa Y, Nasuno R, Takagi H. NADPH is important for isobutanol tolerance in a minimal medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2084-2088. [PMID: 34169967 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We showed that the isobutanol sensitivity in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was rescued by an alternative NADPH producer, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, but not in the cells lacking 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. This phenotype correlated with the intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio in yeast strains. Our findings indicate the importance of NADPH for the isobutanol tolerance of yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshikawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryo Nasuno
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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32
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Pearson SA, Cowan JA. Glutathione-coordinated metal complexes as substrates for cellular transporters. Metallomics 2021; 13:mfab015. [PMID: 33770183 PMCID: PMC8086996 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is the major thiol-containing species in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and plays a wide variety of roles, including detoxification of metals by sequestration, reduction, and efflux. ABC transporters such as MRP1 and MRP2 detoxify the cell from certain metals by exporting the cations as a metal-glutathione complex. The ability of the bacterial Atm1 protein to efflux metal-glutathione complexes appears to have evolved over time to become the ABCB7 transporter in mammals, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. No longer needed for the role of cellular detoxification, ABCB7 appears to be used to transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters from mitochondria to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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33
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Minebois R, Lairón-Peris M, Barrio E, Pérez-Torrado R, Querol A. Metabolic differences between a wild and a wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation unveiled by multi-omic analysis. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3059-3076. [PMID: 33848053 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a widespread yeast present both in the wild and in fermentative processes, like winemaking. During the colonization of these human-associated fermentative environments, certain strains of S. cerevisiae acquired differential adaptive traits that enhanced their physiological properties to cope with the challenges imposed by these new ecological niches. The advent of omics technologies allowed unveiling some details of the molecular bases responsible for the peculiar traits of S. cerevisiae wine strains. However, the metabolic diversity within yeasts remained poorly explored, in particular that existing between wine and wild strains of S. cerevisiae. For this purpose, we performed a dual transcriptomic and metabolomic comparative analysis between a wild and a wine S. cerevisiae strains during wine fermentations performed at high and low temperatures. By using this approach, we could correlate the differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, such as sulfur, arginine and thiamine metabolisms, with differences in the amounts of key metabolites that can explain some important differences in the fermentation performance between the wine and wild strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Minebois
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, E-46980, Spain
| | - María Lairón-Peris
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, E-46980, Spain
| | - Eladio Barrio
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, E-46980, Spain.,Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, C/Doctor Moliner, 50, Burjassot, Valencia, E-46100, Spain
| | - Roberto Pérez-Torrado
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, E-46980, Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, E-46980, Spain
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34
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Yoshikawa Y, Nasuno R, Takagi H. An NADPH-independent mechanism enhances oxidative and nitrosative stress tolerance in yeast cells lacking glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Yeast 2021; 38:414-423. [PMID: 33648021 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is required for various redox systems involving antioxidative stress enzymes, is thus important for stress tolerance mechanisms. Here, we analyzed the stress response of the NADPH-depleted cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A cell viability assay showed that the NADPH depletion induced by disruption of the ZWF1 gene encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is the major determinant of the intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio, enhanced the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to both oxidative and nitrosative stresses. The subsequent analyses demonstrated that the antioxidative transcriptional factor Yap1 was activated and the cytosolic catalase Ctt1, whose expression is regulated by Yap1, was upregulated in zwf1Δ cells irrespective of the presence or absence of stress stimuli. Moreover, deletion of the YAP1 or CTT1 gene inhibited the increased stress tolerance of zwf1Δ cells, indicating that Ctt1 dominantly contributed to the higher stress tolerance of zwf1Δ cells. Our findings suggest that an NADPH-independent mechanism enhances oxidative and nitrosative stress tolerance in ZWF1-lacking yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshikawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ryo Nasuno
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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35
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Zhao X, Luo T, Huang S, Peng N, Yin Y, Luo Z, Zhang Y. A novel transcription factor negatively regulates antioxidant response, cell wall integrity and virulence in the fungal insect pathogen, Beauveria bassiana. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4908-4924. [PMID: 33432709 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genomic data have identified a class of fungal specific transcription factors (FsTFs) that are thought to regulate unique aspects of fungal gene expression, although the functions of many of these proteins remain unknown. Here, a novel FsTF (BbStf1), which features a leucine zipper dimerization domain and a fungal transcription factor regulatory middle homology region, was characterized in Beauveria bassiana, a filamentous insect fungal pathogen. Transcriptional activation and nuclear localization were experimentally confirmed for BbStf1. Disruption of Bbstf1 resulted in increased tolerance to oxidative stress and cell wall perturbation, accompanied by increased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and by thickened cell wall and altered composition. Gene expression profile analysis revealed that transcription patterns of antioxidant enzyme and cell wall integrity-involved genes were altered in the ∆Bbstf1, including some BbStf1-targeted genes clarified with evidence. The ∆Bbstf1 strain displayed greater virulence to Galleria mellonella in the bioassays through both topical infection and intrahaemocoel injection due to more rapid proliferation in the haemocoel as compared to the wild-type strain. Altogether, BbStf1 acts as a negative regulator of antioxidant response, cell wall integrity and virulence in B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingying Luo
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Peng
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yin
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibing Luo
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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36
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Sönmez Aydın F, Hukkamlı B, Budak H. Coaction of hepatic thioredoxin and glutathione systems in iron overload-induced oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22704. [PMID: 33393188 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate the coaction of thioredoxin and glutathione (GSH) systems in mouse liver against iron overload-induced oxidative stress (OS). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with an iron dextran solution twice a week for 3 weeks. Iron accumulation in mouse liver was demonstrated spectroscopically. To confirm the iron overload model in the liver, the increased gene expression levels of hepcidin (Hamp), ferroportin (Fpn1), and ferritin (Fth1), which regulate iron trafficking, were observed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the case of iron overload, the GSH level and the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, which represents a marker of OS, decreased significantly. An increase in the malondialdehyde level, one of the final products of the lipid peroxidation process, was observed. The gene expression of the thioredoxin system, including thioredoxin (Trx1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1), was examined. Though TrxR1 expression decreased, no changes were observed in Trx1. The enzyme activity and semiquantitative protein expression of TRXR1 increased. The activity of GSH reductase and GSH peroxidase increased in the iron overload group. The gene and protein expressions of thioredoxininteracting protein, which is an indicator of the commitment of the cell to apoptosis, were elevated significantly. The increased protein expression of Bcl-2-related X protein and CASPASE-3, which is an indicator of apoptosis, increased significantly. In conclusion, excess iron accumulation in mouse liver tissue causes OS, which affects the redox state of the thioredoxin and GSH systems, inducing cell apoptosis and also ferroptosis due to increased lipid peroxidation and the depletion of GSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Sönmez Aydın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Berna Hukkamlı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Chemical and Chemical Processing Technologies, Boyabat Vocational School, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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37
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Karabekmez ME, Taymaz-Nikerel H, Eraslan S, Kirdar B. Time-dependent re-organization of biological processes by the analysis of the dynamic transcriptional response of yeast cells to doxorubicin. Mol Omics 2021; 17:572-582. [PMID: 34095940 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an efficient chemotherapeutic reagent in the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, its underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood and several severe side effects limit its application. In this study, the dynamic transcriptomic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to a doxorubicin pulse in a chemostat system was investigated to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of this drug. The clustering of differentially and significantly expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that the response of yeast cells to doxorubicin is time dependent and may be classified as short-term, mid-term and long-term responses. The cells have started to reorganize their response after the first minute following the injection of the pulse. A modified version of Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the positively correlated co-expression profiles, and functional enrichment analysis of these clusters was carried out. DNA replication and DNA repair processes were significantly affected and induced 60 minutes after exposure to doxorubicin. The response to oxidative stress was not identified as a significant term. A transcriptional re-organization of the metabolic pathways seems to be an early event and persists afterwards. The present study reveals for the first time that the RNA surveillance pathway, which is a post-transcriptional regulatory pathway, may be implicated in the short-term reaction of yeast cells to doxorubicin. Integration with regulome revealed the dynamic re-organization of the transcriptomic landscape. Fhl1p, Mbp1p, and Mcm1p were identified as primary regulatory factors responsible for tuning the differentially expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilal Taymaz-Nikerel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serpil Eraslan
- Koç University Hospital, Diagnosis Centre for Genetic Disorders, Topkapı, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Kirdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pinheiro T, Lip KYF, García-Ríos E, Querol A, Teixeira J, van Gulik W, Guillamón JM, Domingues L. Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22329. [PMID: 33339840 PMCID: PMC7749138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains in all conditions was performed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS), allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Pinheiro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ka Ying Florence Lip
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Estéfani García-Ríos
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica Y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica Y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - José Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Walter van Gulik
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - José Manuel Guillamón
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica Y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Raghavendran V, Marx C, Olsson L, Bettiga M. The protective role of intracellular glutathione in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during lignocellulosic ethanol production. AMB Express 2020; 10:219. [PMID: 33331971 PMCID: PMC7745091 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the competitiveness of industrial lignocellulose ethanol production, robust enzymes and cell factories are vital. Lignocellulose derived streams contain a cocktail of inhibitors that drain the cell of its redox power and ATP, leading to a decrease in overall ethanol productivity. Many studies have attempted to address this issue, and we have shown that increasing the glutathione (GSH) content in yeasts confers tolerance towards lignocellulose inhibitors, subsequently increasing the ethanol titres. However, GSH levels in yeast are limited by feedback inhibition of GSH biosynthesis. Multidomain and dual functional enzymes exist in several bacterial genera and they catalyse the GSH biosynthesis in a single step without the feedback inhibition. To test if even higher intracellular glutathione levels could be achieved and if this might lead to increased tolerance, we overexpressed the genes from two bacterial genera and assessed the recombinants in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with steam pretreated spruce hydrolysate containing 10% solids. Although overexpressing the heterologous genes led to a sixfold increase in maximum glutathione content (18 µmol gdrycellmass−1) compared to the control strain, this only led to a threefold increase in final ethanol titres (8.5 g L− 1). As our work does not conclusively indicate the cause-effect of increased GSH levels towards ethanol titres, we cautiously conclude that there is a limit to cellular fitness that could be accomplished via increased levels of glutathione.
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Bahrami A, Sathyapalan T, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Counteracting arsenic toxicity: Curcumin to the rescue? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123160. [PMID: 32574880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenicosis leads to various irreversible damages in several organs and is considered to be a carcinogen. The effects of chronic arsenic poisoning are a result of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant homeostasis, oxidative stress, as well as DNA and protein damage. Curcumin, the polyphenolic pigment extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is well-known for its pleiotropic medicinal effects. Curcumin has been shown to have ameliorative effects in arsenic-induced genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, angiogenesis, skin diseases, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. This review aims to summarize the scientific evidence on arsenic toxicity in various organs and the ameliorative effects of curcumin on the arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Aponte-Ubillus JJ, Barajas D, Sterling H, Aghajanirefah A, Bardliving C, Peltier J, Shamlou P, Roy M, Gold D. Proteome profiling and vector yield optimization in a recombinant adeno-associated virus-producing yeast model. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1136. [PMID: 33166081 PMCID: PMC7755776 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vector production demonstrated the generation of infectious viral particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proof‐of‐concept results showed low vector yields that correlated with low AAV DNA encapsidation rates. In an attempt to understand the host cell response to rAAV production, we profiled proteomic changes throughout the fermentation process by mass spectrometry. By comparing an rAAV‐producing yeast strain with a respective non‐producer control, we identified a subset of yeast host proteins with significantly different expression patterns during the rAAV induction period. Gene ontology enrichment and network interaction analyses identified changes in expression patterns associated mainly with protein folding, as well as amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and stress response. Specific fold change patterns of heat shock proteins and other stress protein markers suggested the occurrence of a cytosolic unfolded protein response during rAAV protein expression. Also, a correlative increase in proteins involved in response to oxidative stress suggested cellular activities to ameliorate the effects of reactive oxygen species or other oxidants. We tested the functional relevance of the identified host proteins by overexpressing selected protein leads using low‐ and high‐copy number plasmids. Increased vector yields up to threefold were observed in clones where proteins SSA1, SSE1, SSE2, CCP1, GTT1, and RVB2 were overexpressed. Recombinant expression of SSA1 and YDJ insect homologues (HSP40 and HSC70, respectively) in Sf9 cells led to a volumetric vector yield increase of 50% relative to control, which validated the importance of chaperone proteins in rAAV‐producing systems. Overall, these results highlight the utility of proteomic‐based tools for the understanding and optimization of rAAV‐producing recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Aponte-Ubillus
- Process Sciences Department, Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.,Amgen Bioprocessing Center, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Barajas
- Process Sciences Department, Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
| | - Harry Sterling
- Process Sciences Department, Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ali Aghajanirefah
- Process Sciences Department, Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Peltier
- Process Sciences Department, Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
| | - Parviz Shamlou
- Amgen Bioprocessing Center, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Mimi Roy
- Process Sciences Department, Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Gold
- Process Sciences Department, Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
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Oc S, Eraslan S, Kirdar B. Dynamic transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to copper. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18487. [PMID: 33116258 PMCID: PMC7595141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is a crucial trace element for all living systems and any deficiency in copper homeostasis leads to the development of severe diseases in humans. The observation of extensive evolutionary conservation in copper homeostatic systems between human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae made this organism a suitable model organism for elucidating molecular mechanisms of copper transport and homeostasis. In this study, the dynamic transcriptional response of both the reference strain and homozygous deletion mutant strain of CCC2, which encodes a Cu2+-transporting P-type ATPase, were investigated following the introduction of copper impulse to reach a copper concentration which was shown to improve the respiration capacity of CCC2 deletion mutants. The analysis of data by using different clustering algorithms revealed significantly affected processes and pathways in response to a switch from copper deficient environment to elevated copper levels. Sulfur compound, methionine and cysteine biosynthetic processes were identified as significantly affected processes for the first time in this study. Stress response, cellular response to DNA damage, iron ion homeostasis, ubiquitin dependent proteolysis, autophagy and regulation of macroautophagy, DNA repair and replication, as well as organization of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, mitochondrial organization and translation were identified as significantly affected processes in only CCC2 deleted strain. The integration of the transcriptomic data with regulome revealed the differences in the extensive re-wiring of dynamic transcriptional organization and regulation in these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Oc
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Serpil Eraslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey.,Diagnosis Centre for Genetic Disorders, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Betul Kirdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
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43
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Cheng JH, Lv X, Pan Y, Sun DW. Foodborne bacterial stress responses to exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cold plasma treatments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang J, Li Q, Liu J, Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Astaxanthin overproduction and proteomic analysis of Phaffia rhodozyma under the oxidative stress induced by TiO 2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123525. [PMID: 32447228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of TiO2 on the growth and astaxanthin yield of P. rhodozyma PR106. Subsequently, proteomics method was used to analyze the proteins changes of the strain under TiO2 treatment, to investigate the metabolic mechanism of the active oxygen generator TiO2 promoting the astaxanthin synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The results showed that TiO2 caused oxidative stress response in P. rhodozyma, and astaxanthin yield was 14.74 mg/L, which was 2 times of the control group; while, TiO2 had no effect on biomass and apoptosis of the cells. Proteomics analysis and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology initially explored that bud-site selection protein (BUD22), ubiquitin-40s ribosomal protein s31 fusion protein, cell cycle control protein, C-4 methyl sterol oxidase and glutaredoxin were associated with astaxanthin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingru Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, Chin; National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China.
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45
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Roscini L, Conti A, Casagrande Pierantoni D, Robert V, Corte L, Cardinali G. Do Metabolomics and Taxonomic Barcode Markers Tell the Same Story about the Evolution of Saccharomyces sensu stricto Complex in Fermentative Environments? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081242. [PMID: 32824262 PMCID: PMC7463906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast taxonomy was introduced based on the idea that physiological properties would help discriminate species, thus assuming a strong link between physiology and taxonomy. However, the instability of physiological characteristics within species configured them as not ideal markers for species delimitation, shading the importance of physiology and paving the way to the DNA-based taxonomy. The hypothesis of reconnecting taxonomy with specific traits from phylogenies has been successfully explored for Bacteria and Archaea, suggesting that a similar route can be traveled for yeasts. In this framework, thirteen single copy loci were used to investigate the predictability of complex Fourier Transform InfaRed spectroscopy (FTIR) and High-performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) profiles of the four historical species of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto group, both on resting cells and under short-term ethanol stress. Our data show a significant connection between the taxonomy and physiology of these strains. Eight markers out of the thirteen tested displayed high correlation values with LC-MS profiles of cells in resting condition, confirming the low efficacy of FTIR in the identification of strains of closely related species. Conversely, most genetic markers displayed increasing trends of correlation with FTIR profiles as the ethanol concentration increased, according to their role in the cellular response to different type of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roscini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (D.C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Angela Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (D.C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Debora Casagrande Pierantoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (D.C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Vincent Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Laura Corte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (D.C.P.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0755856478
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (D.C.P.); (G.C.)
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46
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Effect of increasing oxygen partial pressure on Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and antioxidant and enzyme productions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7815-7826. [PMID: 32789743 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of oxygen partial pressure on yeast growth. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were exposed to various hyperbaric air conditions from 1 bar to 9 bar absolute pressure (A). Batch cultures were grown under continuous airflow in a 750 mL (500 mL culture) bioreactor and monitored through growth rate and specific yields of ethanol and glycerol. In addition, the concentrations of antioxidant metabolites glutathione (reduced state, GSH and oxidized state, GSSG) and the activity of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT) were monitored. The results demonstrated that the different oxygen partial pressures significantly impacted the key growth parameters monitored. Compared with atmospheric pressure, under 2 to 5 bar (A), yeast cells showed higher growth rates (μ = 0.32 ± 0.01 h-1) and higher catalase (CAT) concentrations (214 ± 5 mU/g). GSH/GSSG ratio (6.36 ± 0.37) maintained until 6 bar (A) and total SOD (240 ± 5 mU/g) level significantly increased compared with 2 bar (A) until 7 bar (A). Under 6 to 9 bar (A), cell growth was inhibited, and a pressure of 9 bar (A) led to excessive GSSG accumulation (GSH/GSSG = 0.31 ± 0.06). The inhibition of t-SOD (160 ± 3 mU/g) and CAT (62.73 ± 0.2 mU/g) was observed under 9 bar (A). A reference experiment (8 bar (A) N2 + 1 bar (A) air) confirmed that the observed behaviors were entirely due to O2. In addition to their utility in biotechnological process design, these results showed that growth impairment was solely due to oxidative stress induced by excessive oxygen pressure. KEY POINTS: • Yeast cells were grown in batch mode under 1 to 9 bar (A) air pressures and up to 5 bar (A) promoted then hindered growth. • The GSH/GSSG ratio was stable up to 5 bar (A) then GSSG accumulated to excess. • Complementary investigations of the activity of SOD and CAT validated growth limitations due to oxidative stress.
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47
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Cubas-Gaona LL, de Francisco P, Martín-González A, Gutiérrez JC. Tetrahymena Glutathione Peroxidase Family: A Comparative Analysis of These Antioxidant Enzymes and Differential Gene Expression to Metals and Oxidizing Agents. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071008. [PMID: 32635666 PMCID: PMC7409322 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, an extensive analysis of the putative glutathione peroxidases (GPx) of the eukaryotic microorganism model Tetrahymena thermophila is carried out. A comparative analysis with GPx present in other Tetrahymena species and other very taxonomically diverse ciliates is also performed. A majority of ciliate GPx have replaced the selenocysteine (Sec) by Cys in its catalytic center, so they can be considered as phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases (PHGPx). Selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements have been detected in several ciliate GPx that do not incorporate Sec in their amino acid sequences, and conversely, in other ciliate GPx with Sec, no SECIS elements are detected. These anomalies are analyzed and discussed. From the phylogenetic analysis using the ciliate GPx amino acid sequences, the existence of extensive intra- and interspecific gene duplications that produced multiple GPx isoforms in each species is inferred. The ancestral character of the selenoproteins is also corroborated. The analysis by qRT-PCR of six selected T. thermophila GPx genes has shown a quantitative differential expression between them, depending on the stressor (oxidizing agents, apoptotic inducer or metals) and the time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia de Francisco
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Martín-González
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. C/. José Antonio Nováis, 12. Universidad Complutense (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. C/. José Antonio Nováis, 12. Universidad Complutense (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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49
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Binder J, Shadkchan Y, Osherov N, Krappmann S. The Essential Thioredoxin Reductase of the Human Pathogenic Mold Aspergillus fumigatus Is a Promising Antifungal Target. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1383. [PMID: 32670238 PMCID: PMC7330004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cellular targets for antifungal compounds is a cornerstone for the development of novel antimycotics, for which a significant need exists due to increasing numbers of susceptible patients, emerging pathogens, and evolving resistance. For the human pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus, the causative agent of the opportunistic disease aspergillosis, only a limited number of established targets and corresponding drugs are available. Among several targets that were postulated from a variety of experimental approaches, the conserved thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity encoded by the trxR gene was assessed in this study. Its essentiality could be confirmed following a conditional TetOFF promoter replacement strategy. Relevance of the trxR gene product for oxidative stress resistance was revealed and, most importantly, its requirement for full virulence of A. fumigatus in two different models of infection resembling invasive aspergillosis. Our findings complement the idea of targeting the reductase component of the fungal thioredoxin system for antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Binder
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yana Shadkchan
- Aspergillus and Antifungal Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Nir Osherov
- Aspergillus and Antifungal Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Center of Infection Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Stultz LK, Hunsucker A, Middleton S, Grovenstein E, O'Leary J, Blatt E, Miller M, Mobley J, Hanson PK. Proteomic analysis of the S. cerevisiae response to the anticancer ruthenium complex KP1019. Metallomics 2020; 12:876-890. [PMID: 32329475 PMCID: PMC7362344 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Like platinum-based chemotherapeutics, the anticancer ruthenium complex indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(iii)], or KP1019, damages DNA, induces apoptosis, and causes tumor regression in animal models. Unlike platinum-based drugs, KP1019 showed no dose-limiting toxicity in a phase I clinical trial. Despite these advances, the mechanism(s) and target(s) of KP1019 remain unclear. For example, the drug may damage DNA directly or by causing oxidative stress. Likewise, KP1019 binds cytosolic proteins, suggesting DNA is not the sole target. Here we use the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model in a proteomic study of the cellular response to KP1019. Mapping protein level changes onto metabolic pathways revealed patterns consistent with elevated synthesis and/or cycling of the antioxidant glutathione, suggesting KP1019 induces oxidative stress. This result was supported by increased fluorescence of the redox-sensitive dye DCFH-DA and increased KP1019 sensitivity of yeast lacking Yap1, a master regulator of the oxidative stress response. In addition to oxidative and DNA stress, bioinformatic analysis revealed drug-dependent increases in proteins involved ribosome biogenesis, translation, and protein (re)folding. Consistent with proteotoxic effects, KP1019 increased expression of a heat-shock element (HSE) lacZ reporter. KP1019 pre-treatment also sensitized yeast to oxaliplatin, paralleling prior research showing that cancer cell lines with elevated levels of translation machinery are hypersensitive to oxaliplatin. Combined, these data suggest that one of KP1019's many targets may be protein metabolism, which opens up intriguing possibilities for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Stultz
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Alexandra Hunsucker
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Sydney Middleton
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Evan Grovenstein
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Jacob O'Leary
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Eliot Blatt
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Mary Miller
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - James Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Pamela K Hanson
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA.
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