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Ijaz U, Zhao C, Shabala S, Zhou M. Molecular Basis of Plant-Pathogen Interactions in the Agricultural Context. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:421. [PMID: 38927301 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotic stressors pose significant threats to crop yield, jeopardizing food security and resulting in losses of over USD 220 billion per year by the agriculture industry. Plants activate innate defense mechanisms upon pathogen perception and invasion. The plant immune response comprises numerous concerted steps, including the recognition of invading pathogens, signal transduction, and activation of defensive pathways. However, pathogens have evolved various structures to evade plant immunity. Given these facts, genetic improvements to plants are required for sustainable disease management to ensure global food security. Advanced genetic technologies have offered new opportunities to revolutionize and boost plant disease resistance against devastating pathogens. Furthermore, targeting susceptibility (S) genes, such as OsERF922 and BnWRKY70, through CRISPR methodologies offers novel avenues for disrupting the molecular compatibility of pathogens and for introducing durable resistance against them in plants. Here, we provide a critical overview of advances in understanding disease resistance mechanisms. The review also critically examines management strategies under challenging environmental conditions and R-gene-based plant genome-engineering systems intending to enhance plant responses against emerging pathogens. This work underscores the transformative potential of modern genetic engineering practices in revolutionizing plant health and crop disease management while emphasizing the importance of responsible application to ensure sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ijaz
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
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2
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Babbar A, Rawat N, Kaur P, Singh N, Lore JS, Vikal Y, Neelam K. Precision mapping and expression analysis of recessive bacterial blight resistance gene xa-45(t) from Oryza glaberrima. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:626. [PMID: 38717621 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases of rice leading to huge yield losses in Southeast Asia. The recessive resistance gene xa-45(t) from Oryza glaberrima IRGC102600B, mapped on rice chromosome 8, spans 80 Kb with 9 candidate genes on Nipponbare reference genome IRGSP-1.0. The xa-45(t) gene provides durable resistance against all the ten Xanthomonas pathotypes of Northern India, thus aiding in the expansion of recessive bacterial blight resistance gene pool. Punjab Rice PR127, carrying xa-45(t), was released for wider use in breeding programs. This study aims to precisely locate the target gene among the 9 candidates conferring resistance to bacterial blight disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Sanger sequencing of all nine candidate genes revealed seven SNPs and an Indel between the susceptible parent Pusa 44 and the resistant introgression line IL274. The genotyping with polymorphic markers identified three recombinant breakpoints for LOC_Os08g42370, and LOC_Os08g42400, 15 recombinants for LOC_Os08g423420 and 26 for LOC_Os08g42440 out of 190 individuals. Relative expression analysis across six time intervals (0, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h) after bacterial blight infection showed over expression of LOC_Os08g42410-specific transcripts in IL274 compared to Pusa 44, with a significant 4.46-fold increase observed at 72 h post-inoculation. CONCLUSIONS The Indel marker at the locus LOC_Os08g42410 was found co-segregating with the phenotype, suggesting its candidacy towards xa-45(t). The transcript abundance assay provides strong evidence for the involvement of LOC_Os08g42410 in the resistance conferred by the bacterial blight gene xa-45(t).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Babbar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Pavneet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jagjeet Singh Lore
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Neelam
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Wang X, Ju Y, Wu T, Kong L, Yuan M, Liu H, Chen X, Chu Z. The clade III subfamily of OsSWEETs directly suppresses rice immunity by interacting with OsHMGB1 and OsHsp20L. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38587024 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The clade III subfamily of OsSWEETs includes transmembrane proteins necessary for susceptibility to bacterial blight (BB). These genes are targeted by the specific transcription activator-like effector (TALE) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and mediate sucrose efflux for bacterial proliferation. However, the mechanism through which OsSWEETs regulate rice immunity has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the cytosolic carboxyl terminus of OsSWEET11a/Xa13 is required for complementing susceptibility to PXO99 in IRBB13 (xa13/xa13). Interestingly, the C-terminus of ZmXa13, the maize homologue of OsSWEET11a/Xa13, could perfectly substitute for the C-terminus of OsSWEET11a/Xa13. Furthermore, OsSWEET11a/Xa13 interacted with the high-mobility group B1 (OsHMGB1) protein and the small heat shock-like protein OsHsp20L through the same regions in the C-terminus. Consistent with the physical interactions, knockdown or knockout of either OsHMGB1 or OsHsp20L caused an enhanced PXO99-resistant phenotype similar to that of OsSWEET11a/OsXa13. Surprisingly, the plants in which OsHMGB1 or OsHsp20L was repressed developed increased resistance to PXO86, PXO61 and YN24, which carry TALEs targeting OsSWEET14/Xa41 or OsSWEET11a/Xa13. Additionally, OsHsp20L can interact with all six members of clade III OsSWEETs, whereas OsHMGB1 can interact with five other members in addition to OsSWEET12. Overall, we revealed that OsHMGB1 and OsHsp20L mediate conserved BB susceptibility by interacting with clade III OsSWEETs, which are candidates for breeding broad-spectrum disease-resistant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hudson A, Mullens A, Hind S, Jamann T, Balint-Kurti P. Natural variation in the pattern-triggered immunity response in plants: Investigations, implications and applications. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13445. [PMID: 38528659 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response is triggered at the plant cell surface by the recognition of microbe-derived molecules known as microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or molecules derived from compromised host cells called damage-associated molecular patterns. Membrane-localized receptor proteins, known as pattern recognition receptors, are responsible for this recognition. Although much of the machinery of PTI is conserved, natural variation for the PTI response exists within and across species with respect to the components responsible for pattern recognition, activation of the response, and the strength of the response induced. This review describes what is known about this variation. We discuss how variation in the PTI response can be measured and how this knowledge might be utilized in the control of plant disease and in developing plant varieties with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Hudson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Mullens
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Hind
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Fan Y, Ma L, Pan X, Tian P, Wang W, Liu K, Xiong Z, Li C, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Bao Y. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Rice Panicle Blast-Resistant Gene Pb4 Encoding a Wall-Associated Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:830. [PMID: 38255904 PMCID: PMC10815793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice blast is one of the most devastating diseases, causing a significant reduction in global rice production. Developing and utilizing resistant varieties has proven to be the most efficient and cost-effective approach to control blasts. However, due to environmental pressure and intense pathogenic selection, resistance has rapidly broken down, and more durable resistance genes are being discovered. In this paper, a novel wall-associated kinase (WAK) gene, Pb4, which confers resistance to rice blast, was identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing 249 rice accessions. Pb4 comprises an N-terminal signal peptide, extracellular GUB domain, EGF domain, EGF-Ca2+ domain, and intracellular Ser/Thr protein kinase domain. The extracellular domain (GUB domain, EGF domain, and EGF-Ca2+ domain) of Pb4 can interact with the extracellular domain of CEBiP. Additionally, its expression is induced by chitin and polygalacturonic acid. Furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing Pb4 enhance resistance to rice blast. In summary, this study identified a novel rice blast-resistant gene, Pb4, and provides a theoretical basis for understanding the role of WAKs in mediating rice resistance against rice blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongmei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (X.P.); (P.T.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
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6
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Hood ME, Nelson S, Cho J, Launi M, Antonovics J, Bruns EL. Quantitative disease resistance in wild Silene vulgaris to its endemic pathogen Microbotryum silenes-inflatae. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10797. [PMID: 38125956 PMCID: PMC10731388 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of disease resistances is an expected feature of plant-pathogen systems, but whether the genetics of this trait most often produces qualitative or quantitative phenotypic variation is a significant gap in our understanding of natural populations. These two forms of resistance variation are often associated with differences in number of underlying loci, the specificities of host-pathogen coevolution, as well as contrasting mechanisms of preventing or slowing the infection process. Anther-smut disease is a commonly studied model for disease of wild species, where infection has severe fitness impacts, and prior studies have suggested resistance variation in several host species. However, because the outcome of exposing the individual host to this pathogen is binary (healthy or diseased), resistance has been previously measured at the family level, as the proportion of siblings that become diseased. This leaves uncertain whether among-family variation reflects contrasting ratios of segregating discrete phenotypes or continuous trait variation among individuals. In the host Silene vulgaris, plants were replicated by vegetative propagation in order to quantify the infection rates of the individual genotype with the endemic anther-smut pathogen, Microbotryum silenes-inflatae. The variance among field-collected families for disease resistance was significant, while there was unimodal continuous variation in resistance among genotypes. Using crosses between genotypes within ranked resistance quartiles, the offspring infection rate was predicted by the parental resistance values. While the potential remains in this system for resistance genes having major effects, as there were suggestions of such qualitative resistance in a prior study, here the quantitative disease resistance to the endemic anther-smut pathogen is indicated for S. vulgaris. The variation in natural populations and strong heritability of the trait, combined with severe fitness consequences of anther-smut disease, suggests that resistance in these host populations is highly capable of responding to disease-induced selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney Nelson
- Department of BiologyAmherst CollegeAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jae‐Hoon Cho
- Department of BiologyAmherst CollegeAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michelle Launi
- Department of BiologyAmherst CollegeAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Janis Antonovics
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Emily L. Bruns
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
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Simon EV, Hechanova SL, Hernandez JE, Li CP, Tülek A, Ahn EK, Jairin J, Choi IR, Sundaram RM, Jena KK, Kim SR. Available cloned genes and markers for genetic improvement of biotic stress resistance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1247014. [PMID: 37731986 PMCID: PMC10507716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress is one of the major threats to stable rice production. Climate change affects the shifting of pest outbreaks in time and space. Genetic improvement of biotic stress resistance in rice is a cost-effective and environment-friendly way to control diseases and pests compared to other methods such as chemical spraying. Fast deployment of the available and suitable genes/alleles in local elite varieties through marker-assisted selection (MAS) is crucial for stable high-yield rice production. In this review, we focused on consolidating all the available cloned genes/alleles conferring resistance against rice pathogens (virus, bacteria, and fungus) and insect pests, the corresponding donor materials, and the DNA markers linked to the identified genes. To date, 48 genes (independent loci) have been cloned for only major biotic stresses: seven genes for brown planthopper (BPH), 23 for blast, 13 for bacterial blight, and five for viruses. Physical locations of the 48 genes were graphically mapped on the 12 rice chromosomes so that breeders can easily find the locations of the target genes and distances among all the biotic stress resistance genes and any other target trait genes. For efficient use of the cloned genes, we collected all the publically available DNA markers (~500 markers) linked to the identified genes. In case of no available cloned genes yet for the other biotic stresses, we provided brief information such as donor germplasm, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and the related papers. All the information described in this review can contribute to the fast genetic improvement of biotic stress resistance in rice for stable high-yield rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Vie Simon
- Rice Breeding Innovation Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Laguna, Philippines
- Institute of Crop Science (ICropS), University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sherry Lou Hechanova
- Rice Breeding Innovation Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Laguna, Philippines
| | - Jose E. Hernandez
- Institute of Crop Science (ICropS), University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Charng-Pei Li
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Council of Agriculture, Taiwan
| | - Adnan Tülek
- Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Eok-Keun Ahn
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea
| | - Jirapong Jairin
- Division of Rice Research and Development, Rice Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Rice Breeding Innovation Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Laguna, Philippines
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea
| | - Raman M. Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kshirod K. Jena
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sung-Ryul Kim
- Rice Breeding Innovation Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Laguna, Philippines
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Wang Y, Yue J, Yang N, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Wu X, Yang J, Zhang H, Liu L, Ning Y, Bhadauria V, Zhao W, Xie Q, Peng YL, Chen Q. An ERAD-related ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme boosts broad-spectrum disease resistance and yield in rice. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:774-787. [PMID: 37591962 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple crop for over half of the global population. However, blast disease caused by Magnaporthe orzae can result in more than a 30% loss in rice yield in epidemic years. Although some major resistance genes bolstering blast resistance have been identified in rice, their stacking in elite cultivars usually leads to yield penalties. Here we report that OsUBC45, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme functioning in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation system, promotes broad-spectrum disease resistance and yield in rice. OsUBC45 is induced upon infection by M. oryzae, and its overexpression enhances resistance to blast disease and bacterial leaf blight by elevating pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) while nullifying the gene-attenuated PTI. The OsUBC45 overexpression also increases grain yield by over 10%. Further, OsUBC45 enhances the degradation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 OsGSK3 and aquaporin OsPIP2;1, which negatively regulate the grain size and PTI, respectively. The OsUBC45 reported in our study has the potential for improving yield and disease resistance for sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaolin Yue
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunna Zheng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vijai Bhadauria
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - You-Liang Peng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Ma X, Zhu M, Liu W, Li J, Liao Y, Liu D, Jin M, Fu C, Wang F. Bulk segregant analysis coupled with transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed key regulators of bacterial leaf blight resistance in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:332. [PMID: 37349684 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a highly destructive disease, causing significant yield losses in rice (Oryza sativa). Genetic variation is contemplated as the most effective measure for inducing resistance in plants. The mutant line T1247 derived from R3550 (BLB susceptible) was highly resistant to BLB. Therefore, by utilizing this valuable source, we employed bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and transcriptome profiling to identify the genetic basis of BLB resistance in T1247. RESULTS The differential subtraction method in BSA identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 11 spanning a 27-27.45 Mb region with 33 genes and 4 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Four DEGs (P < 0.01) with three putative candidate genes, OsR498G1120557200, OsR498G1120555700, and OsR498G1120563600,0.01 in the QTL region were identified with specific regulation as a response to BLB inoculation. Moreover, transcriptome profiling identified 37 resistance analogs genes displaying differential regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a substantial addition to the available information regarding QTLs associated with BLB, and further functional verification of identified candidate genes can broaden the scope of understanding the BLB resistance mechanism in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manshan Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuge Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dilin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Jin
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyun Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen C, Zhao Y, Tabor G, Nian H, Phillips J, Wolters P, Yang Q, Balint-Kurti P. A leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase gene confers quantitative susceptibility to maize southern leaf blight. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1182-1197. [PMID: 36721267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Southern leaf blight (SLB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph Bipolaris maydis), is a major foliar disease which causes significant yield losses in maize worldwide. A major quantitative trait locus, qSLB3.04 , conferring recessive resistance to SLB was previously mapped on maize chromosome 3. Using a combination of map-based cloning, association analysis, ethyl methanesulfonate and transposon mutagenesis, and CRISPR-Cas9 editing, we demonstrate that a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase gene which we have called ChSK1 (Cochliobolus heterostrophus Susceptibility Kinase 1) at qSLB3.04 causes increased susceptibility to SLB. Genes of this type have generally been associated with the defense response. We present evidence that ChSK1 may be associated with suppression of the basal immune response. These findings contribute to our understanding of plant disease susceptibility genes and the potential to use them for engineering durable disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Girma Tabor
- Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Huiqin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | | | | | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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11
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Huang F, He N, Yu M, Li D, Yang D. Identification and fine mapping of a new bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa43(t), in Zhangpu wild rice (Oryza rufipogon). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:433-439. [PMID: 36689326 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) is currently considered one of the most serious rice diseases and is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Numerous studies have shown that breeding resistant rice varieties is one of the most effective methods to prevent BB, and it is important to identify and isolate more BB resistance (R) genes from different rice resources. Using a map-based approach, we identified a new QTL/gene, Xa43(t), from ZhangPu wild rice, which was highly resistant to the BB isolate PX099. We performed bulked segregant analysis combined with candidate gene prediction to identify the candidate gene. The Xa43(t) gene was narrowed down to a 29-kb region containing four putative genes. More importantly, the candidate gene Xa43(t) did not affect the main agronomic traits of rice. We also identified a widely applicable molecular marker, namely Inde1-18, which co-segregates with the Xa43(t) gene. The Xa43(t) gene is a new broad-spectrum BB resistance gene without identified alleles and has good application prospects for rice disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - N He
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - M Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - D Li
- Anxi Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Anxi, Fujian Province, China
| | - D Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Xie Y, Liu B, Gao K, Zhao Y, Li W, Deng L, Zhou Z, Liu Q. Comprehensive Analysis and Functional Verification of the Pinus massoniana NBS-LRR Gene Family Involved in the Resistance to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1812. [PMID: 36768136 PMCID: PMC9915305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus massoniana Lamb. is a crucial timber and resin conifer in China, but its plantation industry is threatened by outbreaks of pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode; PWN). However, as of yet, there is no comprehensive analysis of NBS-LRR genes in P. massoniana involved in its defense against PWN. In this study, 507 NBS genes were identified in the transcriptome of resistant and susceptible P. masoniana inoculated with the PWN. The phylogenetic analysis and expression profiles of resistant and susceptible P. massoniana revealed that the up-regulated PmNBS-LRR97 gene was involved in conferring resistance to PWN. The results of real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that PmNBS-LRR97 was significantly up-regulated after PWN infection, especially in the stems. Subcellular localization indicated that PmNBS-LRR97 located to the cell membrane. PmNBS-LRR97 significantly activated the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes in P. massoniana. In addition, the overexpression of PmNBS-LRR97 was capable of promoting the production of ROS, aiding in plant growth and development. In summary, PmNBS-LRR97 participates in the defense response to PWN and plays an active role in conferring resistance in P. massoniana. This finding provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism of the R gene in P. massoniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Xie
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Faculty of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhichun Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
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13
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Lu Y, Zhong Q, Xiao S, Wang B, Ke X, Zhang Y, Yin F, Zhang D, Jiang C, Liu L, Li J, Yu T, Wang L, Cheng Z, Chen L. A new NLR disease resistance gene Xa47 confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1037901. [PMID: 36507384 PMCID: PMC9730417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1037901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) induced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a devastating bacterial disease in rice. The use of disease resistance (R) genes is the most efficient method to control BB. Members of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein (NLR) family have significant roles in plant defense. In this study, Xa47, a new bacterial blight R gene encoding a typical NLR, was isolated from G252 rice material, and XA47 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Among 180 rice materials tested, Xa47 was discovered in certain BB-resistant materials. Compared with the wild-type G252, the knockout mutants of Xa47 was more susceptible to Xoo. By contrast, overexpression of Xa47 in the susceptible rice material JG30 increased BB resistance. The findings indicate that Xa47 positively regulates the Xoo stress response. Consequently, Xa47 may have application potential in the genetic improvement of plant disease resistance. The molecular mechanism of Xa47 regulation merits additional examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Lu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiaofang Zhong
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Suqin Xiao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Ke
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Fuyou Yin
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Dunyu Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Li Liu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Tengqiong Yu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Lingxian Wang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Zaiquan Cheng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China
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14
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Xie P, Liu J, Lu R, Zhang Y, Sun X. Molecular evolution of the Pi-d2 gene conferring resistance to rice blast in Oryza. Front Genet 2022; 13:991900. [PMID: 36147495 PMCID: PMC9486079 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.991900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of plant disease resistance (R) genes in breeding programs is an effective strategy for coping with pathogens. An understanding of R gene variation is the basis for this strategy. Rice blast disease, caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae fungus, is a destructive disease of rice. The rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2 represents a new class of plant R gene because of its novel extracellular domain. We investigated the nucleotide polymorphism, phylogenetic topology and evolution patterns of the Pi-d2 gene among 67 cultivated and wild rice relatives. The Pi-d2 gene originated early in the basal Poales and has remained as a single gene without expansion. The striking finding is that susceptible Pi-d2 alleles might be derived from a single nucleotide substitution of the resistant alleles after the split of Oryza subspecies. Functional pleiotropy and linkage effects are proposed for the evolution and retention of the disease-susceptible alleles in rice populations. One set of DNA primers was developed from the polymorphic position to detect the functional nucleotide polymorphism for disease resistance of the Pi-d2 gene based on conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. The nucleotide diversity level varied between different domains of the Pi-d2 gene, which might be related to distinct functions of each domain in the disease defense response. Directional (or purifying) selection appears dominant in the molecular evolution of the Pi-d2 gene and has shaped its conserved variation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoqin Sun
- *Correspondence: Yanmei Zhang, ; Xiaoqin Sun,
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15
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Li C, Zhou L, Wu B, Li S, Zha W, Li W, Zhou Z, Yang L, Shi L, Lin Y, You A. Improvement of Bacterial Blight Resistance in Two Conventionally Cultivated Rice Varieties by Editing the Noncoding Region. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162535. [PMID: 36010612 PMCID: PMC9406647 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
xa13 is a recessive pleiotropic gene that positively regulates rice disease resistance and negatively regulates rice fertility; thus, seriously restricting its rice breeding application. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology was used to delete the Xa13 gene promoter partial sequence, including the pathogenic bacteria-inducible expression element. Rice with the edited promoter region lost the ability for pathogen-induced gene expression without affecting background gene expression in leaves and anthers, resulting in disease resistance and normal yield. The study also screened a family of disease-resistant and normal fertile plants in which the target sequence was deleted and the exogenous transgene fragment isolated in the T1 generation (transgene-free line). Important agronomic traits of the T2 generation rice were examined. T2 generation rice with/without exogenous DNA showed no statistical differences compared to the wild type in heading stage, plant height, panicles per plant, panicle length, or seed setting rate in the field. Two important conventional rice varieties, namely Kongyu131 (KY131, Geng/japonica) and Huanghuazhan (HHZ, Xian/indica), were successfully transformed, and disease-resistant and fertile materials were obtained. Currently, these are the two important conventional rice varieties in China that can be used directly for production after improvement. Expression of the Xa13 gene in the leaves of transgenic rice (KY-PD and HHZ-PD) was not induced after pathogen infection, indicating that this method can be used universally and effectively to promote the practical application of xa13, a recessive disease-resistant pleiotropic gene, for rice bacterial blight resistance. Our study on the regulation of gene expression by editing noncoding regions of the genes provides a new idea for the development of molecular design breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sanhe Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Zha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zaihui Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linfeng Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Y.)
| | - Aiqing You
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Y.)
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16
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Shen W, Zhang X, Liu J, Tao K, Li C, Xiao S, Zhang W, Li J. Plant elicitor peptide signalling confers rice resistance to piercing-sucking insect herbivores and pathogens. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:991-1005. [PMID: 35068048 PMCID: PMC9055822 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple food crop worldwide, and its production is severely threatened by phloem-feeding insect herbivores, particularly the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), and destructive pathogens. Despite the identification of many BPH resistance genes, the molecular basis of rice resistance to BPH remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the plant elicitor peptide (Pep) signalling confers rice resistance to BPH. Both rice PEP RECEPTORs (PEPRs) and PRECURSORs of PEP (PROPEPs), particularly OsPROPEP3, were transcriptionally induced in leaf sheaths upon BPH infestation. Knockout of OsPEPRs impaired rice resistance to BPH, whereas exogenous application of OsPep3 improved the resistance. Hormone measurement and co-profiling of transcriptomics and metabolomics in OsPep3-treated rice leaf sheaths suggested potential contributions of jasmonic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism to OsPep3-induced rice immunity. Moreover, OsPep3 elicitation also strengthened rice resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial pathogen Xanthamonas oryzae pv. oryzae and provoked immune responses in wheat. Collectively, this work demonstrates a previously unappreciated importance of the Pep signalling in plants for combating piercing-sucking insect herbivores and promises exogenous application of OsPep3 as an eco-friendly immune stimulator in agriculture for crop protection against a broad spectrum of insect pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiuer Liu
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kehan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jian‐Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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17
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Ac/Ds-Induced Receptor-like Kinase Genes Deletion Provides Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094561. [PMID: 35562952 PMCID: PMC9103808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) seriously affects rice yield production. The discovery and application of broad-spectrum resistance genes are of great advance for disease resistance breeding. Previously, we identified that multiple receptor-like kinase (RLK) family gene deletions induced by the Ac/Ds system resulted in a lesion mimic symptom. In this study, the mutant #29 showed that this lesion mimic symptom was isolated. Further analysis identified that four RLK genes (RLK19-22) were deleted in the #29 mutant. The #29 mutant exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo and subsequent analyses identified that pathogenesis-related genes PR1a, PBZ1, and cellular H2O2 levels were significantly induced in the mutant compared to wild-type plants. A genetic analysis revealed that reconstruction of RLK20, RLK21, or RLK22 rescued the lesion mimic symptom of the #29 mutant, indicating that these three RLKs are responsible for broad-spectrum resistance in rice. Further yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that RLK20 interacts with RBOHB, which is a ROS producer in plants. Compared to wild-type plants, the #29 mutant was more, while #29/RLK20ox was less, susceptible to MV (methyl-viologen), an ROS inducer. Co-expression of RLK20 and RBOHB reduced RBOHB-promoted H2O2 accumulation in the cells. Taken together, our research indicated that the RLKs may inhibit RBOHB activity to negatively regulate rice resistance to Xoo. These results provide the theoretical basis and valuable information about the target genes necessary for the successful breeding of rice cultivars resistant to bacterial blight.
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18
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Wang C, Han B. Twenty years of rice genomics research: From sequencing and functional genomics to quantitative genomics. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:593-619. [PMID: 35331914 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the completion of the rice genome sequencing project in 2005, we have entered the era of rice genomics, which is still in its ascendancy. Rice genomics studies can be classified into three stages: structural genomics, functional genomics, and quantitative genomics. Structural genomics refers primarily to genome sequencing for the construction of a complete map of rice genome sequence. This is fundamental for rice genetics and molecular biology research. Functional genomics aims to decode the functions of rice genes. Quantitative genomics is large-scale sequence- and statistics-based research to define the quantitative traits and genetic features of rice populations. Rice genomics has been a transformative influence on rice biological research and contributes significantly to rice breeding, making rice a good model plant for studying crop sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Wang
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Bin Han
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
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19
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Yang Z, Hui S, Lv Y, Zhang M, Chen D, Tian J, Zhang H, Liu H, Cao J, Xie W, Wu C, Wang S, Yuan M. miR395-regulated sulfate metabolism exploits pathogen sensitivity to sulfate to boost immunity in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:671-688. [PMID: 34968734 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant physiological activities. However, their roles and molecular mechanisms in boosting plant immunity, especially through the modulation of macronutrient metabolism in response to pathogens, are largely unknown. Here, we report that an evolutionarily conserved miRNA, miR395, promotes resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), two destructive bacterial pathogens, by regulating sulfate accumulation and distribution in rice. Specifically, miR395 targets and suppresses the expression of the ATP sulfurylase gene OsAPS1, which functions in sulfate assimilation, and two sulfate transporter genes, OsSULTR2;1 and OsSULTR2;2, which function in sulfate translocation, to promote sulfate accumulation, resulting in broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial pathogens in miR395-overexpressing plants. Genetic analysis revealed that miR395-triggered resistance is involved in both pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and R gene-mediated resistance. Moreover, we found that accumulated sulfate but not S-metabolites inhibits proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, revealing a sulfate-mediated antibacterial defense mechanism that differs from sulfur-induced resistance. Furthermore, compared with other bacteria, Xoo and Xoc, which lack the sulfate transporter CysZ, are sensitive to high levels of extracellular sulfate. Accordingly, miR395-regulated sulfate accumulation impaired the virulence of Xoo and Xoc by decreasing extracellular polysaccharide production and biofilm formation. Taken together, these results suggest that rice miR395 modulates sulfate metabolism to exploit pathogen sensitivity to sulfate and thereby promotes broad-spectrum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shugang Hui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miaojing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenya Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changyin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Chu C, Huang R, Liu L, Tang G, Xiao J, Yoo H, Yuan M. The rice heavy-metal transporter OsNRAMP1 regulates disease resistance by modulating ROS homoeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1109-1126. [PMID: 35040151 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases threaten food security and sustainable agriculture. Consumption of crops containing nonessential toxic metals leads to health risks for humans. Therefore, cultivation of disease-resistant and toxic metal-safe crops is a double-gain strategy that can contribute to food security. Here, we show that rice heavy-metal transporter OsNRAMP1 plays an important role in plant immunity by modulating metal ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homoeostasis. OsNRAMP1 expression was induced after pathogenic bacteria and fungi infections. The osnramp1 mutants had an increased content of H2 O2 and activity of superoxide dismutase, but decreased activity of catalase, showing enhanced broad-spectrum resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens. RNA-seq analysis identified a number of differentially expressed genes that were involved in metal ion and ROS homoeostasis. Altered expression of metal ion-dependent ROS-scavenging enzymes genes and lower accumulation of cations such as Mn together induced compromised metal ion-dependent enzyme-catalysing activity and modulated ROS homoeostasis, which together contributed towards disease resistance in osnramp1 mutants. Furthermore, the osnramp1 mutants contained lower levels of toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb and micronutrients Ni and Mn in leaves and grains. Taken together, a proof of concept was achieved that broad-spectrum disease-resistant and toxic heavy-metal-safe rice was engineered by removal of the OsNRAMP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guilin Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Jia Y, Jia MH, Yan Z. Mapping Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Varieties 'Minghui 63' and 'M-202'. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1175-1182. [PMID: 34739330 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-2095-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe grisea) is one of the most lethal diseases for sustainable rice production worldwide. Blast resistance mediated by major resistance genes is often broken down after a short period of deployment, while minor blast resistance genes, each providing a small effect on disease reactions, are more durable. In the present study, we first evaluated disease reactions of two rice breeding parents 'Minghui 63' and 'M-202' with 11 blast races, IA45, IB1, IB45, IB49, IB54, IC1, IC17, ID1, IE1, IG1, and IH1, commonly present in the United States, under greenhouse conditions using a category disease rating resembling infection types under field conditions. 'Minghui 63' exhibited differential resistance responses in comparison with those of 'M-202' to the tested blast races. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 275 lines from a cross between 'Minghui 63' and 'M-202' was also evaluated with the above-mentioned blast races. The population was genotyped with 156 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and insertion and deletion (Indel) markers. A linkage map with a genetic distance of 1,022.84 cM was constructed using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) software. A total of 10 resistance QTLs, eight from 'Minghui 63' and two from 'M-202', were identified. One major QTL, qBLAST2 on chromosome 2, was identified by seven races/isolates. The remaining nine minor resistance QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12. These findings provide useful genetic markers and resources to tag minor blast resistance genes for marker-assisted selection in rice breeding program and for further studies of underlying genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Jia
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160
| | - Melissa H Jia
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160
| | - Zhongbu Yan
- University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX 77713
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22
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Yang Y, Zhou Y, Sun J, Liang W, Chen X, Wang X, Zhou J, Yu C, Wang J, Wu S, Yao X, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Yan C, Zheng B, Chen J. Research Progress on Cloning and Function of Xa Genes Against Rice Bacterial Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847199. [PMID: 35386667 PMCID: PMC8978965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious bacterial diseases that hinder the normal growth and production of rice, which greatly reduces the quality and yield of rice. The effect of traditional methods such as chemical control is often not ideal. A series of production practices have shown that among the numerous methods for BB controlling, breeding and using resistant varieties are the most economical, effective, and environmentally friendly, and the important basis for BB resistance breeding is the exploration of resistance genes and their functional research. So far, 44 rice BB resistance genes have been identified and confirmed by international registration or reported in journals, of which 15 have been successfully cloned and characterized. In this paper, research progress in recent years is reviewed mainly on the identification, map-based cloning, molecular resistance mechanism, and application in rice breeding of these BB resistance genes, and the future influence and direction of the remained research for rice BB resistance breeding are also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian A & F University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chulang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shilu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Yao
- Zhejiang Plant Protection, Quarantine and Pesticide Management Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Zhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhuji, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Management Station of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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23
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Singh UM, Dixit S, Alam S, Yadav S, Prasanth VV, Singh AK, Venkateshwarlu C, Abbai R, Vipparla AK, Badri J, Ram T, Prasad MS, Laha GS, Singh VK, Kumar A. Marker-assisted forward breeding to develop a drought-, bacterial-leaf-blight-, and blast-resistant rice cultivar. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20170. [PMID: 34845865 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the different challenges related to rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, drought, bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and blast are the key stresses that significantly affect grain yield (GY) in rice. To ameliorate this issue, marker-assisted forward breeding (MAFB) coupled with a simultaneous crossing approach was used to combine three drought tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTL)-qDTY1.1 , qDTY3.1 , and qDTY12.1 -four BLB genes-Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21-and one blast-resistance gene, Pi9, in the elite rice cultivar Lalat. The introgression lines (ILs) developed in the current study were phenotypically screened for drought, BLB, and blast resistance at the F7 -F8 generation. Under the reproductive stage (RS) drought stress, the yield advantage of ILs, with major-effect QTL (qDTY) over elite parent Lalat, ranges from 9 to 124% in DS2019 and from 7 to 175% in WS2019. The selected ILs were highly resistant to BLB, with lesion lengths ranging from 1.3 to 3.0 cm and blast scores ranging from 1 to 3. ILs that were tolerant to RS drought, resistant to BLB, and blast disease and had similar or higher yields than Lalat were analyzed for grain quality. Six ILs were found to have similar grain quality characteristics to Lalat including hulling, milling, head rice recovery (HRR), chalkiness, alkali spreading value (ASV), and amylose content (AC). This study showed that MAFB, together with simultaneous crossing, would be an effective strategy to rapidly combine multiple stresses in rice. The ILs developed in this study could help to ensure yield sustainability in rainfed environments or be used as genetic material in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheshwar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Shilpi Dixit
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Shamshad Alam
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shailesh Yadav
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Challa Venkateshwarlu
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ragavendran Abbai
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhilash Kumar Vipparla
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyothi Badri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tilatoo Ram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Gouri Sankar Laha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
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24
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Agre PA, Darkwa K, Olasanmi B, Kolade O, Mournet P, Bhattacharjee R, Lopez-Montes A, De Koeyer D, Adebola P, Kumar L, Asiedu R, Asfaw A. Identification of QTLs Controlling Resistance to Anthracnose Disease in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020347. [PMID: 35205389 PMCID: PMC8872494 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose disease caused by a fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the primary cause of yield loss in water yam (Dioscorea alata), the widely cultivated species of yam. Resistance to yam anthracnose disease (YAD) is a prime target in breeding initiatives to develop durable-resistant cultivars for sustainable management of the disease in water yam cultivation. This study aimed at tagging quantitative trait loci (QTL) for anthracnose disease resistance in a bi-parental mapping population of D. alata. Parent genotypes and their recombinant progenies were genotyped using the Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) platform and phenotyped in two crop cycles for two years. A high-density genetic linkage map was built with 3184 polymorphic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (NSP) markers well distributed across the genome, covering 1460.94 cM total length. On average, 163 SNP markers were mapped per chromosome with 0.58 genetic distances between SNPs. Four QTL regions related to yam anthracnose disease resistance were identified on three chromosomes. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by these QTLs ranged from 29.54 to 39.40%. The QTL regions identified showed genes that code for known plant defense responses such as GDSL-like Lipase/Acylhydrolase, Protein kinase domain, and F-box protein. The results from the present study provide valuable insight into the genetic architecture of anthracnose resistance in water yam. The candidate markers identified herewith form a relevant resource to apply marker-assisted selection as an alternative to a conventional labor-intensive screening for anthracnose resistance in water yam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paterne Angelot Agre
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 5320, Nigeria; (P.A.A.); (O.K.); (R.B.); (P.A.); (L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Kwabena Darkwa
- Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale P.O. Box TL 52, Ghana;
| | - Bunmi Olasanmi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Olufisayo Kolade
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 5320, Nigeria; (P.A.A.); (O.K.); (R.B.); (P.A.); (L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Pierre Mournet
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, 34398 Montpellier, France;
- Amelioration Génétic et Adoption des Plants Méditerranéennes et Tropical AGAP, Universisté de Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ranjana Bhattacharjee
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 5320, Nigeria; (P.A.A.); (O.K.); (R.B.); (P.A.); (L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Antonio Lopez-Montes
- International Trade Centre (ITC), Addison House International Trade Fair Center, FAGE, Accra GA145, Ghana;
| | - David De Koeyer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB 20280, Canada;
| | - Patrick Adebola
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 5320, Nigeria; (P.A.A.); (O.K.); (R.B.); (P.A.); (L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Lava Kumar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 5320, Nigeria; (P.A.A.); (O.K.); (R.B.); (P.A.); (L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Robert Asiedu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 5320, Nigeria; (P.A.A.); (O.K.); (R.B.); (P.A.); (L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Asrat Asfaw
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 5320, Nigeria; (P.A.A.); (O.K.); (R.B.); (P.A.); (L.K.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +234-8039-784-287
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25
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Lachaux M, Thomas E, Bogdanove AJ, Szurek B, Hutin M. TAL Effectors with Avirulence Activity in African Strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:9. [PMID: 35119567 PMCID: PMC8816977 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight, a devastating disease of rice. Among the type-3 effectors secreted by Xoo to support pathogen virulence, the Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) family plays a critical role. Some TALEs are major virulence factors that activate susceptibility (S) genes, overexpression of which contributes to disease development. Host incompatibility can result from TALE-induced expression of so-called executor (E) genes leading to a strong and rapid resistance response that blocks disease development. In that context, the TALE functions as an avirulence (Avr) factor. To date no such avirulence factors have been identified in African strains of Xoo. RESULTS With respect to the importance of TALEs in the Rice-Xoo pathosystem, we aimed at identifying those that may act as Avr factor within African Xoo. We screened 86 rice accessions, and identified 12 that were resistant to two African strains while being susceptible to a well-studied Asian strain. In a gain of function approach based on the introduction of each of the nine tal genes of the avirulent African strain MAI1 into the virulent Asian strain PXO99A, four were found to trigger resistance on specific rice accessions. Loss-of-function mutational analysis further demonstrated the avr activity of two of them, talD and talI, on the rice varieties IR64 and CT13432 respectively. Further analysis of TalI demonstrated the requirement of its activation domain for triggering resistance in CT13432. Resistance in 9 of the 12 rice accessions that were resistant against African Xoo specifically, including CT13432, could be suppressed or largely suppressed by trans-expression of the truncTALE tal2h, similarly to resistance conferred by the Xa1 gene which recognizes TALEs generally independently of their activation domain. CONCLUSION We identified and characterized TalD and TalI as two African Xoo TALEs with avirulence activity on IR64 and CT13432 respectively. Resistance of CT13432 against African Xoo results from the combination of two mechanisms, one relying on the TalI-mediated induction of an unknown executor gene and the other on an Xa1-like gene or allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Lachaux
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Adam J Bogdanove
- Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Boris Szurek
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mathilde Hutin
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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26
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Cao W, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Lu S, Wang X, Chen X, Yuan L, Guan H, Wang G, Shen W, De Vleesschauwer D, Li Z, Shi X, Gu J, Guo M, Feng Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Pan X, Liu W, Liang G, Yan C, Hu K, Liu Q, Zuo S. Suppressing chlorophyll degradation by silencing OsNYC3 improves rice resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:335-349. [PMID: 34582620 PMCID: PMC8753359 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (R. solani) causes serious diseases in many crops worldwide, including rice and maize sheath blight (ShB). Crop resistance to the fungus is a quantitative trait and resistance mechanism remains largely unknown, severely hindering the progress on developing resistant varieties. In this study, we found that resistant variety YSBR1 has apparently stronger ability to suppress the expansion of R. solani than susceptible Lemont in both field and growth chamber conditions. Comparison of transcriptomic profiles shows that the photosynthetic system including chlorophyll biosynthesis is highly suppressed by R. solani in Lemont but weakly in YSBR1. YSBR1 shows higher chlorophyll content than that of Lemont, and inducing chlorophyll degradation by dark treatment significantly reduces its resistance. Furthermore, three rice mutants and one maize mutant that carry impaired chlorophyll biosynthesis all display enhanced susceptibility to R. solani. Overexpression of OsNYC3, a chlorophyll degradation gene apparently induced expression by R. solani infection, significantly enhanced ShB susceptibility in a high-yield ShB-susceptible variety '9522'. However, silencing its transcription apparently improves ShB resistance without compromising agronomic traits or yield in field tests. Interestingly, altering chlorophyll content does not affect rice resistance to blight and blast diseases, caused by biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens, respectively. Our study reveals that chlorophyll plays an important role in ShB resistance and suppressing chlorophyll degradation induced by R. solani infection apparently improves rice ShB resistance. This discovery provides a novel target for developing resistant crop to necrotrophic fungus R. solani.
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27
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ERF Transcription Factor OsBIERF3 Positively Contributes to Immunity against Fungal and Bacterial Diseases but Negatively Regulates Cold Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020606. [PMID: 35054806 PMCID: PMC8775505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that overexpression of the rice ERF transcription factor gene OsBIERF3 in tobacco increased resistance against different pathogens. Here, we report the function of OsBIERF3 in rice immunity and abiotic stress tolerance. Expression of OsBIERF3 was induced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, hormones (e.g., salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and abscisic acid), and abiotic stress (e.g., drought, salt and cold stress). OsBIERF3 has transcriptional activation activity that depends on its C-terminal region. The OsBIERF3-overexpressing (OsBIERF3-OE) plants exhibited increased resistance while OsBIERF3-suppressed (OsBIERF3-Ri) plants displayed decreased resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzae. A set of genes including those for PRs and MAPK kinases were up-regulated in OsBIERF3-OE plants. Cell wall biosynthetic enzyme genes were up-regulated in OsBIERF3-OE plants but down-regulated in OsBIERF3-Ri plants; accordingly, cell walls became thicker in OsBIERF3-OE plants but thinner in OsBIERF3-Ri plants than WT plants. The OsBIERF3-OE plants attenuated while OsBIERF3-Ri plants enhanced cold tolerance, accompanied by altered expression of cold-responsive genes and proline accumulation. Exogenous abscisic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, restored the attenuated cold tolerance in OsBIERF3-OE plants while exogenous AgNO3, an inhibitor of ethylene action, significantly suppressed the enhanced cold tolerance in OsBIERF3-Ri plants. These data demonstrate that OsBIERF3 positively contributes to immunity against M. oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzae but negatively regulates cold stress tolerance in rice.
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28
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Yu S, Ali J, Zhou S, Ren G, Xie H, Xu J, Yu X, Zhou F, Peng S, Ma L, Yuan D, Li Z, Chen D, Zheng R, Zhao Z, Chu C, You A, Wei Y, Zhu S, Gu Q, He G, Li S, Liu G, Liu C, Zhang C, Xiao J, Luo L, Li Z, Zhang Q. From Green Super Rice to green agriculture: Reaping the promise of functional genomics research. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:9-26. [PMID: 34883279 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Producing sufficient food with finite resources to feed the growing global population while having a smaller impact on the environment has always been a great challenge. Here, we review the concept and practices of Green Super Rice (GSR) that have led to a paradigm shift in goals for crop genetic improvement and models of food production for promoting sustainable agriculture. The momentous achievements and global deliveries of GSR have been fueled by the integration of abundant genetic resources, functional gene discoveries, and innovative breeding techniques with precise gene and whole-genome selection and efficient agronomic management to promote resource-saving, environmentally friendly crop production systems. We also provide perspectives on new horizons in genomic breeding technologies geared toward delivering green and nutritious crop varieties to further enhance the development of green agriculture and better nourish the world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jauhar Ali
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Shaochuan Zhou
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Ren
- Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaan Xie
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiao Yu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fasong Zhou
- China National Seed Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangyong Ma
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zefu Li
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Dazhou Chen
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | | | | | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Susong Zhu
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiongyao Gu
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | - Shigui Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhua Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chaopu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qifa Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:33-92. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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30
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Shaw RK, Shaik M, Prasad MSL, Prasad RD, Mohanrao MD, Senthilvel S. Genomic regions associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt in castor identified through linkage and association mapping approaches. Genome 2021; 65:123-136. [PMID: 34818083 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini, is the most destructive disease in castor. Host plant resistance is the best strategy for the management of wilt. Identification of molecular markers linked to wilt resistance will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of breeding for wilt resistance. In the present study, genomic regions linked to wilt resistance were mapped using a bi-parental population of 185 F6-RILs and a genetically diverse panel of 300 germplasm accessions. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis performed using a linkage map consisting of 1090 SNP markers identified a major QTL on chromosome 7 with an LOD score of 18.7, which explained 44% of the phenotypic variance. The association mapping performed using genotypic data from 3465 SNP loci revealed 69 significant associations (p < 1 × 10-4) for wilt resistance. The phenotypic variance explained by the individual SNPs ranged from 0.063 to 0.210. The QTL detected in the bi-parental mapping population was not identified in the association analysis. Thus, the results of this study indicate the possibility of vast gene diversity for Fusarium wilt resistance in castor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Shaw
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, India.,Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500007, India
| | - Mobeen Shaik
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, India
| | | | - R D Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, India
| | - Manmode Darpan Mohanrao
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, India.,Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad - 500030, India
| | - S Senthilvel
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, India
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31
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Deb S, Madhavan VN, Gokulan CG, Patel HK, Sonti RV. Arms and ammunitions: effectors at the interface of rice and it's pathogens and pests. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:94. [PMID: 34792681 PMCID: PMC8602583 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system has evolved to resist attack by pathogens and pests. However, successful phytopathogens deliver effector proteins into plant cells where they hijack the host cellular machinery to suppress the plant immune responses and promote infection. This manipulation of the host cellular pathways is done by the pathogen using various enzymatic activities, protein- DNA or protein- protein interactions. Rice is one the major economically important crops and its yield is affected by several pathogens and pests. In this review, we summarize the various effectors at the plant- pathogen/ pest interface for the major pathogens and pests of rice, specifically, on the mode of action and target genes of the effector proteins. We then compare this across the major rice pathogens and pests in a bid to understand probable conserved pathways which are under attack from pathogens and pests in rice. This analysis highlights conserved patterns of effector action, as well as unique host pathways targeted by the pathogens and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Deb
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
- Present Address: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - C. G. Gokulan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Hitendra K. Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Ramesh V. Sonti
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
- Present Address: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507 India
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32
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Anjali A, Fatima U, Senthil-Kumar M. The ins and outs of SWEETs in plants: Current understanding of the basics and their prospects in crop improvement. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Pereyra-Bistraín LI, Ovando-Vázquez C, Rougon-Cardoso A, Alpuche-Solís ÁG. Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Potentially Resistance-Related Genes in Response to Bacterial Canker of Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111745. [PMID: 34828351 PMCID: PMC8618811 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important crops for human consumption. Its production is affected by the actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens of this crop. Several wild tomato species represent a source of natural resistance to Cmm. Here, we contrasted the transcriptomes of the resistant wild tomato species Solanum arcanum LA2157 and the susceptible species Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig, during the first 24 h of challenge with Cmm. We used three analyses approaches which demonstrated to be complementary: mapping to S. lycopersicum reference genome SL3.0; semi de novo transcriptome assembly; and de novo transcriptome assembly. In a global context, transcriptional changes seem to be similar between both species, although there are some specific genes only upregulated in S. arcanum during Cmm interaction, suggesting that the resistance regulatory mechanism probably diverged during the domestication process. Although S. lycopersicum showed enriched functional groups related to defense, S. arcanum displayed a higher number of induced genes related to bacterial, oomycete, and fungal defense at the first few hours of interaction. This study revealed genes that may contribute to the resistance phenotype in the wild tomato species, such as those that encode for a polyphenol oxidase E, diacyl glycerol kinase, TOM1-like protein 6, and an ankyrin repeat-containing protein, among others. This work will contribute to a better understanding of the defense mechanism against Cmm, and the development of new control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo I. Pereyra-Bistraín
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra Rougon-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Agrigenomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, ENES-León, León 37689, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (Á.G.A.-S.); Tel.: +52-(444)-834-2000 (Á.G.A.-S.)
| | - Ángel G. Alpuche-Solís
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (Á.G.A.-S.); Tel.: +52-(444)-834-2000 (Á.G.A.-S.)
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34
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Guo F, Wu T, Shen F, Xu G, Qi H, Zhang Z. The cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase TaCRK3 contributes to defense against Rhizoctonia cerealis in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6904-6919. [PMID: 34254642 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat defense against R. cerealis are still largely unknown. In this study, by comparative transcriptomic analysis we identified a novel cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK)-encoding gene, designated as TaCRK3, and investigated its role in defense against R. cerealis. TaCRK3 transcript abundance was significantly elevated by R. cerealis and exogenous ethylene treatments. Silencing of TaCRK3 significantly compromised resistance to R. cerealis and repressed expression of an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme-encoding gene, ACO2, and a subset of defense-associated genes in wheat, whose transcript levels are up-regulated by ethylene stimulus. TaCRK3 protein was localized at the plasma membrane in wheat. Noticeably, both the heterologously expressed TaCRK3 protein and its partial peptide harboring two DUF26 (DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 26) domains could inhibit growth of R. cerealis mycelia. These results suggest that TaCRK3 mediates wheat resistance to R. cerealis through direct antifungal activity and heightening the expression of defense-associated genes in the ethylene signaling pathway. Moreover, its DUF26 domains are required for the antifungal activity of TaCRK3. Our results reveal that TaCRK3 is a promising gene for breeding wheat varieties with resistance to R. cerealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Tianci Wu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Fangdi Shen
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, China
| | - Gangbiao Xu
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Song JM, Xie WZ, Wang S, Guo YX, Koo DH, Kudrna D, Gong C, Huang Y, Feng JW, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Zuccolo A, Long E, Lee S, Talag J, Zhou R, Zhu XT, Yuan D, Udall J, Xie W, Wing RA, Zhang Q, Poland J, Zhang J, Chen LL. Two gap-free reference genomes and a global view of the centromere architecture in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1757-1767. [PMID: 34171480 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa), a major staple throughout the world and a model system for plant genomics and breeding, was the first crop genome sequenced almost two decades ago. However, reference genomes for all higher organisms to date contain gaps and missing sequences. Here, we report the assembly and analysis of gap-free reference genome sequences for two elite O. sativa xian/indica rice varieties, Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63, which are being used as a model system for studying heterosis and yield. Gap-free reference genomes provide the opportunity for a global view of the structure and function of centromeres. We show that all rice centromeric regions share conserved centromere-specific satellite motifs with different copy numbers and structures. In addition, the similarity of CentO repeats in the same chromosome is higher than across chromosomes, supporting a model of local expansion and homogenization. Both genomes have over 395 non-TE genes located in centromere regions, of which ∼41% are actively transcribed. Two large structural variants at the end of chromosome 11 affect the copy number of resistance genes between the two genomes. The availability of the two gap-free genomes lays a solid foundation for further understanding genome structure and function in plants and breeding climate-resilient varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dal-Hoe Koo
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dave Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Chenbo Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yicheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia-Wu Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Zuccolo
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evan Long
- Plant and Wildlife Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jayson Talag
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Run Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi-Tong Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daojun Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Joshua Udall
- Plant and Wildlife Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Weibo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rod A Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Strategic Innovation, Los Baños, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
| | - Qifa Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Zhang F, Hu Z, Wu Z, Lu J, Shi Y, Xu J, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang F, Wang M, Shi X, Cui Y, Vera Cruz C, Zhuo D, Hu D, Li M, Wang W, Zhao X, Zheng T, Fu B, Ali J, Zhou Y, Li Z. Reciprocal adaptation of rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae: cross-species 2D GWAS reveals the underlying genetics. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2538-2561. [PMID: 34467412 PMCID: PMC8408478 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A 1D/2D genome-wide association study strategy was adopted to investigate the genetic systems underlying the reciprocal adaptation of rice (Oryza sativa) and its bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) using the whole-genome sequencing and large-scale phenotyping data of 701 rice accessions and 23 diverse Xoo strains. Forty-seven Xoo virulence-related genes and 318 rice quantitative resistance genes (QR-genes) mainly located in 41 genomic regions, and genome-wide interactions between the detected virulence-related genes and QR genes were identified, including well-known resistance genes/virulence genes plus many previously uncharacterized ones. The relationship between rice and Xoo was characterized by strong differentiation among Xoo races corresponding to the subspecific differentiation of rice, by strong shifts toward increased resistance/virulence of rice/Xoo populations and by rich genetic diversity at the detected rice QR-genes and Xoo virulence genes, and by genome-wide interactions between many rice QR-genes and Xoo virulence genes in a multiple-to-multiple manner, presumably resulting either from direct protein-protein interactions or from genetic epistasis. The observed complex genetic interaction system between rice and Xoo likely exists in other crop-pathogen systems that would maintain high levels of diversity at their QR-loci/virulence-loci, resulting in dynamic coevolutionary consequences during their reciprocal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Chang-Jiang Street, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialing Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingyao Shi
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Chang-Jiang Street, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063009, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063009, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaorong Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Chang-Jiang Street, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanru Cui
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Casiana Vera Cruz
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Dalong Zhuo
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Chang-Jiang Street, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Chang-Jiang Street, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Chang-Jiang Street, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianqing Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jauhar Ali
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Yongli Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Chang-Jiang Street, Hefei 230036, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
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Hu B, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Sun B, Zhou F, Yin C, Ma W, Chen H, Lin Y. Repressed OsMESL expression triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1511-1522. [PMID: 33567155 PMCID: PMC8384603 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A few reports have indicated that a single gene confers resistance to bacterial blight, sheath blight and rice blast. In this study, we identified a novel disease resistance mutant gene, methyl esterase-like (osmesl) in rice. Mutant rice with T-DNA insertion displayed significant resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mutants and RNAi lines displayed resistance to these pathogens. Complementary T-DNA mutants demonstrated a phenotype similar to the wild type (WT), thereby indicating that osmesl confers resistance to pathogens. Protein interaction experiments revealed that OsMESL affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by interacting with thioredoxin OsTrxm in rice. Moreover, qRT-PCR results showed significantly reduced mRNA levels of multiple ROS scavenging-related genes in osmesl mutants. Nitroblue tetrazolium staining showed that the pathogens cause ROS accumulation, and quantitative detection revealed significantly increased levels of H2 O2 in the leaves of osmesl mutants and RNAi lines after infection. The abundance of JA, a hormone associated with disease resistance, was significantly more in osmesl mutants than in WT plants. Overall, these results suggested that osmesl enhances disease resistance to Xoo, R. solani and M. oryzae by modulating the ROS balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- College of Bioscience and BioengineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zaihui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bo Sun
- Wuhan Towin Biotechnology Company LimitedWuhanChina
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Changxi Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Wang X, Wu MH, Xiao D, Huang RL, Zhan J, Wang AQ, He LF. Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of RLKs involved in the response to aluminium stress in peanut. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:281. [PMID: 34154532 PMCID: PMC8215822 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an important cash crop, the yield of peanut is influenced by soil acidification and pathogen infection. Receptor-like protein kinases play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, little is known about the number, location, structure, molecular phylogeny, and expression of RLKs in peanut, and no comprehensive analysis of RLKs in the Al stress response in peanuts have been reported. RESULTS A total of 1311 AhRLKs were identified from the peanut genome. The AhLRR-RLKs and AhLecRLKs were further divided into 24 and 35 subfamilies, respectively. The AhRLKs were randomly distributed across all 20 chromosomes in the peanut. Among these AhRLKs, 9.53% and 61.78% originated from tandem duplications and segmental duplications, respectively. The ka/ks ratios of 96.97% (96/99) of tandem duplication gene pairs and 98.78% (646/654) of segmental duplication gene pairs were less than 1. Among the tested tandem duplication clusters, there were 28 gene conversion events. Moreover, all total of 90 Al-responsive AhRLKs were identified by mining transcriptome data, and they were divided into 7 groups. Most of the Al-responsive AhRLKs that clustered together had similar motifs and evolutionarily conserved structures. The gene expression patterns of these genes in different tissues were further analysed, and tissue-specifically expressed genes, including 14 root-specific Al-responsive AhRLKs were found. In addition, all 90 Al-responsive AhRLKs which were distributed unevenly in the subfamilies of AhRLKs, showed different expression patterns between the two peanut varieties (Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant) under Al stress. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we analysed the RLK gene family in the peanut genome. Segmental duplication events were the main driving force for AhRLK evolution, and most AhRLKs subject to purifying selection. A total of 90 genes were identified as Al-responsive AhRLKs, and the classification, conserved motifs, structures, tissue expression patterns and predicted functions of Al-responsive AhRLKs were further analysed and discussed, revealing their putative roles. This study provides a better understanding of the structures and functions of AhRLKs and Al-responsive AhRLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ming-Hua Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Ruo-Lan Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ai-Qin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Long-Fei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
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39
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Zebell S. Gene body silencing parental alleles for vigorous hybrid rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:822-823. [PMID: 33787925 PMCID: PMC8195539 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Zebell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
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40
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Shu X, Wang A, Jiang B, Jiang Y, Xiang X, Yi X, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Liu H, Zou T, Wang L, Li P, Zheng A. Genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis discover new genes for bacterial leaf blight resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:255. [PMID: 34082694 PMCID: PMC8173721 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by the hemibiotrophic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the production of rice worldwide. The development and use of resistant rice varieties or genes is currently the most effective strategy to control BLB. RESULTS Here, we used 259 rice accessions, which are genotyped with 2 888 332 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Combining resistance variation data of 259 rice lines for two Xoo races observed in 2 years, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring plant resistance against BLB. The expression levels of genes, which contains in GWAS results were also identified between the resistant and susceptible rice lines by transcriptome analysis at four time points after pathogen inoculation. From that 109 candidate resistance genes showing significant differential expression between resistant and susceptible rice lines were uncovered. Furthermore, the haplotype block structure analysis predicted 58 candidate genes for BLB resistance based on Chr. 7_707158 with a minimum P-value (-log 10 P = 9.72). Among them, two NLR protein-encoding genes, LOC_Os07g02560 and LOC_Os07g02570, exhibited significantly high expression in the resistant line, but had low expression in the susceptible line of rice. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results reveal novel BLB resistance gene resources, and provide important genetic basis for BLB resistance breeding of rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Shu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtz Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China.
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41
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Yu TY, Sun MK, Liang LK. Receptors in the Induction of the Plant Innate Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:587-601. [PMID: 33512246 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0173-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants adjust amplitude and duration of immune responses via different strategies to maintain growth, development, and resistance to pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) play vital roles. Pattern recognition receptors, comprising a large number of receptor-like protein kinases and receptor-like proteins, recognize related ligands and trigger immunity. PTI is the first layer of the innate immune system, and it recognizes PAMPs at the plasma membrane to prevent infection. However, pathogens exploit effector proteins to bypass or directly inhibit the PTI immune pathway. Consistently, plants have evolved intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins to detect pathogenic effectors and trigger a hypersensitive response to activate ETI. PTI and ETI work together to protect plants from infection by viruses and other pathogens. Diverse receptors and the corresponding ligands, especially several pairs of well-studied receptors and ligands in PTI immunity, are reviewed to illustrate the dynamic process of PTI response here.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Meng-Kun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Li-Kun Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Wang C, Chen S, Feng A, Su J, Wang W, Feng J, Chen B, Zhang M, Yang J, Zeng L, Zhu X. Xa7, a Small Orphan Gene Harboring Promoter Trap for AvrXa7, Leads to the Durable Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae Pv. oryzae. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:48. [PMID: 34056673 PMCID: PMC8165051 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rice (Oryza sativa) gene Xa7 has been hypothesized to be a typical executor resistance gene against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and has conferred durable resistance in the field for decades. Its identity and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain elusive. RESULTS Here, we filled in gaps of genome in Xa7 mapping locus via BAC library construction, revealing the presence of a 100-kb non-collinear sequence in the line IRBB7 compared with Nipponbare reference genomes. Complementary transformation with sequentially overlapping subclones of the BACs demonstrated that Xa7 is an orphan gene, encoding a small novel protein distinct from any other resistance proteins reported. A 27-bp effector binding element (EBE) in the Xa7 promoter is essential for AvrXa7-inducing expression model. XA7 is anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and triggers programmed cell death in rice and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). The Xa7 gene is absent in most cultivars, landraces, and wild rice accessions, but highly homologs of XA7 were identified in Leersia perrieri, the nearest outgroup of the genus Oryza. CONCLUSIONS Xa7 acts as a trap to perceive AvrXa7 via EBEAvrXa7 in its promoter, leading to the initiation of resistant reaction. Since EBEAvrXa7 is ubiquitous in promoter of rice susceptible gene SWEET14, the elevated expression of which is conducive to the proliferation of Xoo, that lends a great benefit for the Xoo strains retaining AvrXa7. As a result, varieties harboring Xa7 would show more durable resistance in the field. Xa7 alleles analysis suggests that the discovery of new resistance genes could be extended beyond wild rice, to include wild grasses such as Leersia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Aiqing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinqi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liexian Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Chen X, Liu P, Mei L, He X, Chen L, Liu H, Shen S, Ji Z, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Zeng D, Qian Q, Ma B. Xa7, a new executor R gene that confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight disease in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100143. [PMID: 34027390 PMCID: PMC8132130 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) is a globally devastating rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The use of disease resistance (R) genes in rice breeding is an effective and economical strategy for the control of this disease. Nevertheless, a majority of R genes lack durable resistance for long-term use under global warming conditions. Here, we report the isolation of a novel executor R gene, Xa7, that confers extremely durable, broad-spectrum, and heat-tolerant resistance to Xoo. The expression of Xa7 was induced by incompatible Xoo strains that secreted the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) AvrXa7 or PthXo3, which recognized effector binding elements (EBEs) in the Xa7 promoter. Furthermore, Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures. Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants. Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants. In addition, analysis of over 3000 rice varieties showed that the Xa7 locus was found primarily in the indica and aus subgroups. A variation consisting of an 11-bp insertion and a base substitution (G to T) was found in EBEAvrXa7 in the tested varieties, resulting in a loss of Xa7 BB resistance. Through a decade of effort, we have identified an important BB resistance gene and characterized its distinctive interaction with Xoo strains; these findings will greatly facilitate research on the molecular mechanism of Xa7-mediated resistance and promote the use of this valuable gene in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Le Mei
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shurong Shen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhandong Ji
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xixi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qian Qian
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bojun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Corresponding author
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44
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Luo D, Huguet-Tapia JC, Raborn RT, White FF, Brendel VP, Yang B. The Xa7 resistance gene guards the rice susceptibility gene SWEET14 against exploitation by the bacterial blight pathogen. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100164. [PMID: 34027391 PMCID: PMC8132128 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many plant disease resistance (R) genes function specifically in reaction to the presence of cognate effectors from a pathogen. Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) uses transcription activator-like effectors (TALes) to target specific rice genes for expression, thereby promoting host susceptibility to bacterial blight. Here, we report the molecular characterization of Xa7, the cognate R gene to the TALes AvrXa7 and PthXo3, which target the rice major susceptibility gene SWEET14. Xa7 was mapped to a unique 74-kb region. Gene expression analysis of the region revealed a candidate gene that contained a putative AvrXa7 effector binding element (EBE) in its promoter and encoded a 113-amino-acid peptide of unknown function. Genome editing at the Xa7 locus rendered the plants susceptible to avrXa7-carrying Xoo strains. Both AvrXa7 and PthXo3 activated a GUS reporter gene fused with the EBE-containing Xa7 promoter in Nicotiana benthamiana. The EBE of Xa7 is a close mimic of the EBE of SWEET14 for TALe-induced disease susceptibility. Ectopic expression of Xa7 triggers cell death in N. benthamiana. Xa7 is prevalent in indica rice accessions from 3000 rice genomes. Xa7 appears to be an adaptation that protects against pathogen exploitation of SWEET14 and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangping Luo
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jose C. Huguet-Tapia
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R. Taylor Raborn
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Current address: Biodesign Institute Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Frank F. White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Volker P. Brendel
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Corresponding author
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45
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Xia T, Yang Y, Zheng H, Han X, Jin H, Xiong Z, Qian W, Xia L, Ji X, Li G, Wang D, Zhang K. Efficient expression and function of a receptor-like kinase in wheat powdery mildew defence require an intron-located MYB binding site. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:897-909. [PMID: 33225586 PMCID: PMC8131041 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The LRK10-like receptor kinases (LRK10L-RLKs) are ubiquitously present in higher plants, but knowledge of their expression and function is still limited. Here, we report expression and functional analysis of TtdLRK10L-1, a typical LRK10L-RLK in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). The introns of TtdLRK10L-1 contained multiple kinds of predicted cis-elements. To investigate the potential effect of these cis-elements on TtdLRK10L-1 expression and function, two types of transgenic wheat lines were prepared, which expressed a GFP-tagged TtdLRK10L-1 protein (TtdLRK10L-1:GFP) from the cDNA or genomic DNA (gDNA) sequence of TtdLRK10L-1 under the native promoter. TtdLRK10L-1:GFP expression was up-regulated by the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) in both types of transgenic plants, with the scale of the elevation being much stronger in the gDNA lines. Both types of transgenic plants exhibited enhanced resistance to Bgt infection relative to wild type control. Notably, the Bgt defence activated in the gDNA lines was significantly stronger than that in the cDNA lines. Further analysis revealed that a putative MYB transcription factor binding site (MYB-BS, CAGTTA) located in TtdLRK10L-1 intron I was critical for the efficient expression and function of TtdLRK10L-1 in Bgt defence. This MYB-BS could also increase the activity of a superpromoter widely used in ectopic gene expression studies in plants. Together, our results deepen the understanding of the expression and functional characteristics of LRK10L-RLKs. TtdLRK10L-1 is likely useful for further dissecting the molecular processes underlying wheat defence against Bgt and for developing Bgt resistant wheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xia
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinyun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huaibing Jin
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zijun Xiong
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lanqi Xia
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Ji
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guangwei Li
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Daowen Wang
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Li N, Yang Z, Li J, Xie W, Qin X, Kang Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Xiao J, Ma H, Wang S. Two VQ Proteins are Substrates of the OsMPKK6-OsMPK4 Cascade in Rice Defense Against Bacterial Blight. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:39. [PMID: 33913048 PMCID: PMC8081811 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-specific valine-glutamine (VQ) protein family with the conserved motif FxxxVQxLTG reportedly functions with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in plant immunity. However, the roles of VQ proteins in MAPK-mediated resistance to disease in rice remain largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, two rice VQ proteins OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 were newly identified to function as the signaling components of a MAPK cascade, OsMPKK6-OsMPK4, to regulate rice resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Both OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 positively regulated rice resistance to Xoo. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 physically interacted with and were phosphorylated by OsMPK4. OsMPK4 was highly phosphorylated in transgenic plants overexpressing OsMPKK6, which showed enhanced resistance to Xoo. Meanwhile, phosphorylated OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 were also markedly accumulated in OsMPKK6-overexpressing transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 functioned as substrates of the OsMPKK6-OsMPK4 cascade to enhance rice resistance to Xoo, thereby defining a more complete signal transduction pathway for induced defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenya Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanrong Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Jiang N, Fu J, Zeng Q, Liang Y, Shi Y, Li Z, Xiao Y, He Z, Wu Y, Long Y, Wang K, Yang Y, Liu X, Peng J. Genome-wide association mapping for resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in rice. PLANTA 2021; 253:94. [PMID: 33830376 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using genome-wide SNP association mapping, a total of 77 and 7 loci were identified for rice bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak resistance, respectively, which may facilitate rice resistance improvement. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), respectively, are two economically important diseases negatively affecting rice production. To mine new sources of resistance, a set of rice germplasm collection consisting of 895 re-sequenced accessions from the 3000 Rice Genomes Project (3 K RGP) were screened for BB and BLS resistance under field conditions. Higher levels of BB resistance were observed in aus/boro subgroup, whereas the japonica, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups possessed comparatively high levels of resistance to BLS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) mined 77 genomic loci significantly associated with BB and 7 with BLS resistance. The phenotypic variance (R2) explained by these loci ranged from 0.4 to 30.2%. Among the loci, 7 for BB resistance were co-localized with known BB resistance genes and one for BLS resistance overlapped with a previously reported BLS resistance QTL. A search for the candidates in other novel loci revealed several defense-related genes that may be involved in resistance to BB and BLS. High levels of phenotypic resistance to BB or BLS could be attributed to the accumulation of the resistance (R) alleles at the associated loci, indicating their potential value in rice resistance breeding via gene pyramiding. The GWAS analysis validated the known genes underlying BB and BLS resistance and identified novel loci that could enrich the current resistance gene pool. The resources with strong resistance and significant SNPs identified in this study are potentially useful in breeding for BB and BLS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yanlong Shi
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhouwei Li
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Youlun Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhou He
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yuntian Wu
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yu Long
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xionglun Liu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Junhua Peng
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China.
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48
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Identification of Bacterial Blight Resistance Loci in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) against Diverse Xoo Thai Strains by Genome-Wide Association Study. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030518. [PMID: 33802191 PMCID: PMC8001028 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a serious disease affecting global rice agriculture caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Most resistant rice lines are dependent on single genes that are vulnerable to resistance breakdown caused by pathogen mutation. Here we describe a genome-wide association study of 222 predominantly Thai rice accessions assayed by phenotypic screening against 20 Xoo isolates. Loci corresponding to BLB resistance were detected using >142,000 SNPs. We identified 147 genes according to employed significance thresholds across chromosomes 1–6, 8, 9 and 11. Moreover, 127 of identified genes are located on chromosomal regions outside estimated Linkage Disequilibrium influences of known resistance genes, potentially indicating novel BLB resistance markers. However, significantly associated SNPs only occurred across a maximum of six Xoo isolates indicating that the development of broad-spectrum Xoo strain varieties may prove challenging. Analyses indicated a range of gene functions likely underpinning BLB resistance. In accordance with previous studies of accession panels focusing on indica varieties, our germplasm displays large numbers of SNPs associated with resistance. Despite encouraging data suggesting that many loci contribute to resistance, our findings corroborate previous inferences that multi-strain resistant varieties may not be easily realised in breeding programs without resorting to multi-locus strategies.
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Jang IH, Kang IJ, Kim JM, Kang ST, Jang YE, Lee S. Genetic Mapping of a Resistance Locus to Phytophthora sojae in the Korean Soybean Cultivar Daewon. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:591-599. [PMID: 33312094 PMCID: PMC7721532 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2020.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot reduce soybean yields worldwide. The use of R-gene type resistance is currently crucial for protecting soybean production. The present study aimed to identify the genomic location of a gene conferring resistance to Phytophthora sojae isolate 2457 in the recombinant inbred line population developed by a cross of Daepung × Daewon. Single-marker analysis identified 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with resistance to the P. sojae isolate 2457, which explained ~67% of phenotypic variance. Daewon contributed a resistance allele for the locus. This region is a well-known location for Rps1 and Rps7. The present study is the first, however, to identify an Rps gene locus from a major soybean variety cultivated in South Korea. Linkage analysis also identified a 573 kb region on chromosome 3 with high significance (logarithm of odds = 13.7). This genomic region was not further narrowed down due to lack of recombinants within the interval. Based on the latest soybean genome, ten leucine-rich repeat coding genes and four serine/threonine protein kinase-coding genes are annotated in this region, which all are well-known types of genes for conferring disease resistance in crops. These genes would be candidates for molecular characterization of the resistance in further studies. The identified R-gene locus would be useful in developing P. sojae resistant varieties in the future. The results of the present study provide foundational knowledge for researchers who are interested in soybean-P. sojae interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hyun Jang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 3434, Korea
| | - In Jeong Kang
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 16613, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Kim
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 1116, Korea
| | - Sung-Taeg Kang
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 1116, Korea
| | - Young Eun Jang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 3434, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 3434, Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-42-821-5727 , FAX) +82-42-822-2631, E-mail) , ORCID, Sungwoo Lee, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3564-236
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50
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Xu W, Gao S, Song J, Yang Q, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li H, Yang C, Ye Z. NDW, encoding a receptor-like protein kinase, regulates plant growth, cold tolerance and susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110684. [PMID: 33218645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize different mechanisms to respond and adapt to continuously changing environmental factors. Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) comprise one of the largest families of plant transmembrane signaling proteins, which play critical and diverse roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Here, we identified the necrotic dwarf (ndw) mutant introgression line (IL) 6-2, which demonstrated stunting, leaf curl, and progressive necrosis at low temperatures. Based on map-based cloning and transgenic analysis, we determined that the phenotype of ndw mutant is caused by decreased expression of NDW, which encodes an RLK. NDW is a plasma membrane and cytoplasmic located protein. Overexpression of NDW can restore both of the semi-dwarf and necrotic phenotype in IL6-2 at low temperatures, further we found that NDW could significantly reduce susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. On the contrary, knockdown NDW in M82 plants could increase the sensitivity to B. cinerea. Furthermore, transcriptional expression analysis showed that NDW affects the expression of genes related to the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that NDW plays an important role in regulating plant growth, cold tolerance and mitigating susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization (Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops), College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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