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Anelli V, Gatta E, Pirola I, Delbarba A, Rotondi M, Cappelli C. Thyroid impairment and male fertility: a narrative review of literature. Aging Male 2024; 27:2310303. [PMID: 38347677 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2310303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of thyroid function on male fertility, focusing on hypo- and hyperthyroidism. METHODS A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Original studies in English published online up to 31 May 2023 were selected and reviewed. The final reference list was defined based on the relevance of each paper to the scope of this review. RESULTS The available data in animals (31 studies) and human (26 studies) showed conflicting results. However, thyroid dysfunction altered erection and ejaculation both in animal models than in men. CONCLUSION Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism seem to cause ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Hence, Guidelines recommend against the systematic screening for thyroid disorders in the men in sub-fertile couples, but only in men with ejaculation and erectile dysfunction and/or altered semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Anelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Gatta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pirola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Delbarba
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Hantusch B, Kenner L, Stanulović VS, Hoogenkamp M, Brown G. Targeting Androgen, Thyroid Hormone, and Vitamin A and D Receptors to Treat Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9245. [PMID: 39273194 PMCID: PMC11394715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear hormone family of receptors regulates gene expression. The androgen receptor (AR), upon ligand binding and homodimerization, shuttles from the cytosol into the nucleus to activate gene expression. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), retinoic acid receptors (RARs), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are present in the nucleus bound to chromatin as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and repress gene expression. Ligand binding leads to transcription activation. The hormonal ligands for these receptors play crucial roles to ensure the proper conduct of very many tissues and exert effects on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Androgens support PCa proliferation and androgen deprivation alone or with chemotherapy is the standard therapy for PCa. RARγ activation and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) stimulation of TRβ support the growth of PCa cells. Ligand stimulation of VDR drives growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis of PCa cells. Often these receptors are explored as separate avenues to find treatments for PCa and other cancers. However, there is accumulating evidence to support receptor interactions and crosstalk of regulatory events whereby a better understanding might lead to new combinatorial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vesna S Stanulović
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maarten Hoogenkamp
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Paiva RVN, Mondes PHDL, Brandão BDJ, Sant’Anna JN, Freire dos Santos ME, Fighera YM, Santos LC, Markus RP, Fernandes PACM, Silva JF, Tamura EK. Effects of acute hypothyroidism on plasma melatonin and Aanat and Asmt expression in the pineal gland and gonads of rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1322867. [PMID: 39149125 PMCID: PMC11324505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1322867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reproductive system is tightly regulated by environmental and physiological signals. Melatonin, known as the hormone of darkness, plays a crucial role in regulating both the circadian and reproductive systems in mammals. Hypothyroidism is a key endocrine disorder that harms the reproductive system. Despite many studies on melatonin's effects on the reproductive system, there is conflicting information regarding melatonin synthesis modulation in hypothyroidism. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of plasma melatonin levels and gene expression of Aanat and Asmt in the pineal gland and gonads of rats with hypothyroidism at different times of the day. Methods Female and male Wistar rats were divided into control and hypothyroid groups. Hypothyroidism was induced using propylthiouracil (PTU) for 15 days, rats were euthanized six hours after lights on (ZT6), before lights off (ZT11.5), and six hours after lights off (ZT18). Free thyroxine (FT4) and melatonin were quantified in plasma, and gene expressions of melatonin synthesizing enzymes (Aanat and Asmt) were measured in pineal and sexual organs (testis and ovary). Also, morphological analysis was performed in sexual organs. Results The results reveal some disparities between the sexes. Hypothyroidism reduced antral and primary follicles in the ovary, and reduced the weight of testis, epididymis, and prostate. In relation to gene expression, we observed a reduction in Aanat expression in the pineal gland during the light phase (ZT6), and in males, this reduction occurred during the dark phase (ZT18). Regarding Asmt expression, there was a decrease in females also during the dark phase (ZT18). In the gonads, there was an increase in expression in both sexes at ZT11.5. Additionally, it was interesting to observe the association between FT4 levels and Asmt expression in the gonads. Conclusions This study showed that acute hypothyroidism can affect components of the melatonergic system in gonads, particularly gene expression of melatonin synthesis enzymes (Aanat and Asmt) contributing to changes in reproduction organs during disease progression. These findings enhance our understanding of melatonin synthesis in the reproductive system during hypothyroidism, showing distinct responses in male and female rats, and suggest that hypothyroidism affects the circadian rhythmicity of melatonin synthesis in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Valete Nunes Paiva
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Reproduction and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz de Jesus Brandão
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Julia Nascimento Sant’Anna
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Yasmin Muniz Fighera
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Reproduction and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Regina P. Markus
- Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Reproduction and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Koji Tamura
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Corrêa DEDC, Bargi-Souza P, Oliveira IM, Razera A, Oliveira CA, Romano MA, Romano RM. Quantitative proteomic profile analysis of thyroid dysfunction effects on seminal vesicles and repercussions on male fertility. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112048. [PMID: 37633588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are associated with male reproductive disorders, but little is known about the influence of the thyroid hormone milieu on seminal vesicle (SV) function and metabolism. In this sense, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis induced in adulthood Wistar male rats on SV function and identified new thyroid hormone targets on male reproduction regulation using novel proteomic approaches. Hypothyroidism reduces SV size and seminal fluid volume, which are directly associated with low testosterone and estradiol levels, while thyrotoxicosis increases Esr2 and Dio1 expression in the SV. We found 116 differentially expressed proteins. Hypothyroidism reduces the expression of molecular protein markers related to sperm viability, capacitation and fertilization, protection against oxidative stress and energetic metabolism in SV, while it increases the expression of proteins related to tissue damage. In conclusion, thyroid dysfunction in the adult phase impairs several morphological, molecular and functional characteristics of SV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Razera
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alvarenga Oliveira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil.
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Santos LC, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva Santana L, Barbosa EM, Santos BR, Mendonça LD, Cunha MCDSG, Machado WM, Santana LR, Kersul MG, Henriques PC, Lopes RA, Snoeck PPDN, Szawka RE, Silva JF. Kisspeptin treatment reverses high prolactin levels and improves gonadal function in hypothyroid male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16819. [PMID: 37798396 PMCID: PMC10556046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether the administration of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) is capable of restoring gonadal function in hypothyroid male rats. Hypothyroidism was induced with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) for three months. In the last month, half of the hypothyroid animals were treated with Kp10. Hypothyroidism reduced testicular and sex gland mass, decreased the proliferation of the seminiferous epithelium, and compromised sperm morphology, motility, and vigor. A decrease in plasma LH and testosterone levels and an increase in prolactin secretion were observed in the hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism reduced Kiss1 and Kiss1r protein and gene expression and Star and Cyp11a1 mRNA levels in the testis. Furthermore, it reduced Lhb, Prl, and Drd2 and increased Tshb and Gnrhr expression in the pituitary. In the hypothalamus, hypothyroidism increased Pdyn and Kiss1r while reducing Gnrh1. Kp10 treatment in hypothyroid rats restored testicular and seminal vesicle morphology, improved sperm morphology and motility, reversed high prolactin levels, and increased LH and testosterone levels. In addition, Kp10 increased testicular expression of Kiss1, Kiss1r, Fshr, and Nr5a1 and pituitary Kiss1 expression. Our findings describe the inhibitory effects of hypothyroidism on the male gonadal axis and sperm quality and demonstrate that Kp10 treatment reverses high prolactin levels and improves gonadal function and sperm quality in hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Santana
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Dias Mendonça
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Galrão Cunha
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - William Morais Machado
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Santana
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Guimarães Kersul
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Costa Henriques
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araújo Lopes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paola Pereira das Neves Snoeck
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Farasati Far B, Broomand Lomer N, Gharedaghi H, Sahrai H, Mahmoudvand G, Karimi Rouzbahani A. Is beta-carotene consumption associated with thyroid hormone levels? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1089315. [PMID: 37305054 PMCID: PMC10250628 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1089315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism regulation, and reproduction. While non-modifiable factors are known to impact thyroid function, such as genetics and age, nutritional factors are also important. Diets rich in selenium and iodine are conventionally acknowledged to be beneficial for the production and release of thyroid hormones. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A (retinol), and thyroid function. Beta-carotene is known for its antioxidant properties and has been shown to play a role in the prevention of various clinical conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, its impact on thyroid function is still unclear. Some studies have suggested a positive association between beta-carotene levels and thyroid function, while others have found no significant effect. Conversely, the hormone produced by the thyroid gland, thyroxine, enhances the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol. Furthermore, vitamin A derivatives are being explored as potential therapeutic options for thyroid malignancies. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms through which beta-carotene/retinol and thyroid hormones interact and review the findings of clinical studies examining the association between beta-carotene consumption and thyroid hormone levels. Our review underscores the need for further research to clarify the relationship between beta-carotene and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hadi Sahrai
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Arian Karimi Rouzbahani
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Sahoo DK, Chainy GBN. Hormone-linked redox status and its modulation by antioxidants. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 121:197-246. [PMID: 36707135 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hormones have been considered as key factors involved in the maintenance of the redox status of the body. We are making considerable progress in understanding interactions between the endocrine system, redox status, and oxidative stress with the dynamics of life, which encompasses fertilization, development, growth, aging, and various pathophysiological states. One of the reasons for changes in redox states of vertebrates leading to oxidative stress scenario is the disruption of the endocrine system. Comprehending the dynamics of hormonal status to redox state and oxidative stress in living systems is challenging. It is more difficult to come to a unifying conclusion when some hormones exhibit oxidant properties while others have antioxidant features. There is a very limited approach to correlate alteration in titers of hormones with redox status and oxidative stress with growth, development, aging, and pathophysiological stress. The situation is further complicated when considering various tissues and sexes in vertebrates. This chapter discusses the beneficial impacts of hormones with antioxidative properties, such as melatonin, glucagon, insulin, estrogens, and progesterone, which protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce pathophysiological effects. Additionally, we discuss the protective effects of antioxidants like vitamins A, E, and C, curcumin, tempol, N-acetyl cysteine, α-lipoic acid, date palm pollen extract, resveratrol, and flavonoids on oxidative stress triggered by hormones such as aldosterone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines. Inflammation, pathophysiology, and the aging process can all be controlled by understanding how antioxidants and hormones operate together to maintain cellular redox status. Identifying the hormonal changes and the action of antioxidants may help in developing new therapeutic strategies for hormonal imbalance-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa States University, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Gagan B N Chainy
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Huang Y, Chen C, Zhou W, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, He D, Ye Z, Xia P. Genetically predicted alterations in thyroid function are associated with the risk of benign prostatic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1163586. [PMID: 37143736 PMCID: PMC10153094 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1163586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Benign prostatic diseases (BPDs), such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis, harm the quality of life of affected patients. However, observational studies exploring the association between thyroid function and BPDs have hitherto yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we explored whether there is a causal genetic association between them using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods We used publicly available summary statistics from the Thyroidomics Consortium and 23andMe on thyrotropin (TSH; 54,288 participants), thyroxine [free tetraiodothyronine (FT4); 49,269 participants], subclinical hypothyroidism (3,440 cases and 49,983 controls), overt hypothyroidism (8,000 cases and 117,000 controls), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (1,840 cases and 49,983 controls) to screen for instrumental variables of thyroid function. Results for BPD such as prostatic hyperplasia (13,118 cases and 72,799 controls) and prostatitis (1,859 cases and 72,799 controls) were obtained from the FinnGen study. The causal relationship between thyroid function and BPD was primarily assessed using MR with an inverse variance weighted approach. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. Results We found that TSH [OR (95% CI) = 0.912(0.845-0.984), p =1.8 x 10-2], subclinical hypothyroidism [OR (95% CI) = 0.864(0.810-0.922), p =1.04 x 10-5], and overt hypothyroidism [OR (95% CI) = 0.885 (0.831-0. 944), p =2 x 10-4] had a significant effect on genetic susceptibility to BPH, unlike hyperthyroidism [OR (95% CI) = 1.049(0.990-1.111), p =1.05 x 10-1] and FT4 [OR (95% CI) = 0.979(0.857-1.119), p = 7.59 x 10-1] had no effect. We also found that TSH [OR (95% CI) =0.823(0.700-0.967), p = 1.8 x 10-2] and overt hypothyroidism [OR (95% CI) = 0.853(0.730-0.997), p = 4.6 x 10-2] significantly influenced the prostatitis, whereas FT4 levels [OR (95% CI) = 1.141(0.901-1.444), p = 2.75 x 10-1], subclinical hypothyroidism [OR (95% CI) =0. 897(0.784- 1.026), p = 1.12 x 10-1], and hyperthyroidism [OR (95% CI) = 1.069(0.947-1.206), p = 2.79 x 10-1] did not have a significant effect. Conclusion Overall, our study results suggest that hypothyroidism and TSH levels influence the risk of genetically predicted BPH and prostatitis, providing new insights into the causal relationship between thyroid function and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanqing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dehao He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Pingping Xia,
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Singh A, Sarkar D, Singh SK. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract on the reproductive system of male mice and possible mechanism of its action on spermatogenesis. Andrologia 2022; 54:1643-1659. [PMID: 35415897 DOI: 10.1111/and.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek seed exhibits antidiabetic, antineoplastic, hepatoprotective, antidepressant and immunomodulatory properties. Fenugreek also causes antifertility effects in rodents. However, the impact of fenugreek seed on male reproduction and the possible mode of its action are not properly evaluated. Herein, we examined the effect of aqueous seed extract of fenugreek (FSE) and the possible mechanism of its action on male reproductive health in mice. Parkes mice were orally administered FSE (600 mg/kg body weight/day) or distilled water for 28 and 56 days, respectively. Various sperm parameters, histopathology, serum testosterone level and fertility indices were assessed. Furthermore, steroidogenic enzymes activities, oxidative status and germ cell dynamics in the testis were evaluated. Toxicological endpoints were also assessed. Treatment with FSE caused degenerative changes in the testis histoarchitecture. The treatment also affected various sperm parameters and concentrations of sialic acid and fructose in the epididymis and seminal vesicle, respectively. Fenugreek treatment also had negative impact on oxidative status and germ cell dynamics in the testis; fertility indices were also affected in female mice impregnated by the extract-treated male mice, though libido of the treated male mice remained unaffected. Results show that treatment with FSE caused adverse effects on the male reproductive health and pregnancy outcome in Parkes mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Santiago-Moreno J, Pequeño B, Martinez-Madrid B, Castaño C, Bóveda P, Velázquez R, Toledano-Díaz A, Álvarez-Rodríguez M, Rodríguez-Martínez H. Expression of Aquaglyceroporins in Spermatozoa from Wild Ruminants Is Influenced by Photoperiod and Thyroxine Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062903. [PMID: 35328325 PMCID: PMC8950870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work identified the presence of AQPs in frozen-thawed sperm of wild ruminants and assessed the influence of the interaction between photoperiod and thyroxine on AQP expression, and on testosterone secretion. Thyroxine and melatonin were administered to ibexes. In a second experiment, performed in mouflons, circulating thyroxine was reduced via treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU), and an artificial long day (LD) photoperiod established. In the ibexes, the melatonin treatment increased the blood plasma testosterone concentration, reduced the cryoresistance ratio (CR) for sperm viability and the presence of an intact acrosome, and increased the percentage of sperm with AQP7 in the acrosome and of AQP3 and AQP10 in the midpiece. In the mouflons, neither the PTU treatment, the LD, nor the combination of both affected the CR of any sperm variable. The percentage of sperm with AQP3 increased in the post-acrosome region but decreased in the tail in the LD+PTU group. The percentage of sperm with AQP10 in the principal piece and endpiece was lower in the PTU+LD group than in the control and LD groups. The influence of photoperiod/melatonin on AQP expression might be indirectly exerted through changes in the testosterone concentration, and thus ultimately affect sperm cryoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Santiago-Moreno
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (R.V.); (A.T.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-1-3474020
| | - Belén Pequeño
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (R.V.); (A.T.-D.)
| | - Belen Martinez-Madrid
- Department of Animal Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Castaño
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (R.V.); (A.T.-D.)
| | - Paula Bóveda
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (R.V.); (A.T.-D.)
| | - Rosario Velázquez
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (R.V.); (A.T.-D.)
| | - Adolfo Toledano-Díaz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (R.V.); (A.T.-D.)
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), Obstetrics & Gynecology, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden; (M.Á.-R.); (H.R.-M.)
| | - Heriberto Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), Obstetrics & Gynecology, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden; (M.Á.-R.); (H.R.-M.)
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11
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Anguiano B, Montes de Oca C, Delgado-González E, Aceves C. Prostate gland as a target organ of thyroid hormones: advances and controversies. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210581. [PMID: 35041618 PMCID: PMC8859956 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the development and function of the male reproductive system, but their effects on the prostate have been poorly studied. This work reviews studies related to the interrelationship between the thyroid and the prostate. The information presented here is based upon bibliographic searches in PubMed using the following search terms: prostate combined with thyroid hormone or triiodothyronine, thyroxine, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or deiodinase. We identified and searched 49 articles directly related to the issue, and discarded studies related to endocrine disruptors. The number of publications has grown in the last 20 years, considering that one of the first studies was published in 1965. This review provides information based on in vitro studies, murine models, and clinical protocols in patients with thyroid disorders. Studies indicate that THs regulate different aspects of growth, metabolism, and prostate pathology, whose global effect depends on total and/or free concentrations of THs in serum, local bioavailability, and the endocrine androgen/thyronine context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anguiano
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Anguiano:
| | - Carlos Montes de Oca
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Evangelina Delgado-González
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Aceves
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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12
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Endocrinopathies and Male Infertility. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:life12010010. [PMID: 35054403 PMCID: PMC8779600 DOI: 10.3390/life12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility is approaching a concerning prevalence worldwide, and inflicts various impacts on the affected couple. The hormonal assessment is a vital component of male fertility evaluation as endocrine disorders are markedly reversible causatives of male infertility. Precise hormonal regulations are prerequisites to maintain normal male fertility parameters. The core male reproductive event, spermatogenesis, entails adequate testosterone concentration, which is produced via steroidogenesis in the Leydig cells. Physiological levels of both the gonadotropins are needed to achieve normal testicular functions. The hypothalamus-derived gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is considered the supreme inducer of the gonadotropins and thereby the subsequent endocrine reproductive events. This hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis may be modulated by the thyroidal or adrenal axis and numerous other reproductive and nonreproductive hormones. Disruption of this fine hormonal balance and their crosstalk leads to a spectrum of endocrinopathies, inducing subfertility or infertility in men. This review article will discuss the most essential endocrinopathies associated with male factor infertility to aid precise understanding of the endocrine disruptions-mediated male infertility to encourage further research to reveal the detailed etiology of male infertility and perhaps to develop more customized therapies for endocrinopathy-induced male infertility.
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13
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Kaplan S, Türk A, Aydın H, Erten M, Kırıcı P. Vitamin D improves oxidative stress and histopathological damage in rat ovaries caused by hyperthyroidism. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:3551-3560. [PMID: 34291533 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of vitamin D on oxidative damage and fibrosis in rat ovaries induced by experimental hyperthyroidism. METHODS This study is a comparative, prospective experimental rat study. Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups. Only distilled water was given to the rats in group 1 for 25 days. In group 2, 100 μg/day L-thyroxine was given to rats for 25 days. In Group 3, 100 μg/day L-thyroxine and 200 IU/day vitamin D were given to rats for 25 days. In group 4, only 200 IU/day vitamin D was administered for 25 days. RESULTS This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of vitamin D against ovarian damage caused by experimental hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism caused fibrotic degenerative changes in the ovaries and an increase in the fibrillin 1 score. It caused serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to increase and serum E2 levels to decrease. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels increased in rats with hyperthyroidism. Vitamin D decreased MDA and TOS values and increased total antioxidant status (TAS) values in rats with hyperthyroidism. It also increased TSH values by causing a decrease in TT3 and TT4 values. It decreased fibrosis, follicle degeneration, stromal degeneration, and fibrillin 1 score in ovarian tissue. CONCLUSION Vitamin D has positive histopathological and biochemical effects on the oxidative stress and follicle damage caused by hyperthyroidism in ovarian tissue. Human studies with larger case populations should be conducted to evaluate the effects and clinical applications of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Kaplan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Türk
- Department of Histology and Embryology Adıyaman, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Hasan Aydın
- Adıyaman University Facility of Pharmacy, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erten
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Public Health Lab, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Pınar Kırıcı
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkey
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14
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Martínez-Madrid B, Castaño C, Ureña LP, Flix E, Velázquez R, López-Sebastián A, Ungerfeld R, Arrebola FA, Santiago-Moreno J. Seasonal changes in testosterone and thyroxine concentrations in Mediterranean rams and bucks and their relationship with sperm cryoresistance. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Quartuccio M, Fazio E, Medica P, Cristarella S, Emmanuele G, Sinagra L, Liotta L. Correlation between sperm parameters and circulating thyroid hormones and testosterone concentrations in Labrador Retriever dog. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1911695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quartuccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Cristarella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Sinagra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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16
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Kumari K, Chainy GB, Subudhi U. Prospective role of thyroid disorders in monitoring COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05712. [PMID: 33344794 PMCID: PMC7733548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 200 countries and 1.3 million individuals have deceased within eleven months. Intense research on COVID-19 occurrence and prevalence enable us to understand that comorbidities play a crucial role in spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases and hypertension are among the various morbidities that are prevalent in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. However, the effect of altered thyroid-driven disorders cannot be ignored. Since thyroid hormone critically coordinate and regulate the major metabolism and biochemical pathways, this review is on the potential role of prevailing thyroid disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Direct link of thyroid hormone with several disorders such as diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, kidney and liver disorders etc. suggests that the prevailing thyroid conditions may affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, we discuss the oxidative stress-induced aging is associated with the degree of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, ACE2 protein which facilitates the host-cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 using the spike protein, are highly expressed in individuals with abnormal level of thyroid hormone. Altogether, we report that the malfunction of thyroid hormone synthesis may aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection and thus monitoring the thyroid hormone may help in understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumari
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, Sweden
| | - Gagan B.N. Chainy
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Umakanta Subudhi
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
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17
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Hegazy AA, Morsy MM, Moawad RS, Elsayed GM. Changes in Adult Rats’ Testis structure Induced by Hypothyroidism and Alleviating Role of L-Carnitine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2019. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-19-3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is a metabolic disorder affecting the functions of many tissues in the body including the testis. Testis is rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acids content and lacks strong intrinsic antioxidant system making it prone to such oxidative stress. L-carnitine (LC) regulates long chain fatty acids metabolism; and is considered a valuable antioxidant factor. Aim It was to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil (PTU) on rats’ testes and the possible protective role of LC. Methods Forty-eight adult male albino rats were used in this work. The animals were divided into three groups with sixteen animals in each. Group 1 (Control): Animals were kept without medications. Group 2 (PTU-treated): was subjected to administration of PTU; while group 3 (PTU and LC) received both PTU and LC. By the end of the experiment “30 days”, blood samples were taken for hormonal assay; then animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Specimens were homogenized for biochemical analysis; epididymal content of each rat was obtained immediately for semen analysis. Testes’ specimens were harvested, prepared and examined by light microscope examination. Results Induced hypothyroidism was noticed to cause histopathological, morphometric and biochemical changes in rat’s testes. LC protected the testicular specimens against such changes; it also improved the seminal quality and quantity as well as testicular structure and biochemistry. Conclusion Hypothyroidism could result in hazards to the structure of testis. Fortunately co-administration of LC might reduce such hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Manal Mohammad Morsy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rania Said Moawad
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Gehad Mohammad Elsayed
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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18
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Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In VitroEffects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050756. [PMID: 31137924 PMCID: PMC6571713 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study wasto assess the in vitro effects of levothyroxine (LT4) on conventional and bio-functional sperm parameters and its implications on fertility. Patients with male idiopathic infertility were enrolled and subjected to examination of the seminal fluid and capacitation according to the WHO 2010 criteria and flow cytometric sperm analysis for the evaluation of bio-functional sperm parameters. LT4 significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased the percentage of spermatozoa with low MMP and increased sperm motility already at a concentration of 0.9 pmol L−1. Therefore, LT4 significantly reduced sperm necrosis and lipid peroxidation ameliorating chromatin compactness. These effects of LT4 were evident at a concentration of 2.9 pmol L−1, close to the physiological free-thyroxine (FT4) concentrations in the seminal fluid of euthyroid subjects. We showed a beneficial role of thyroid hormones on sperm mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and DNA integrity. The results of this in vitro study could have a clinical application in patients with idiopathic infertility, clarifying the role of thyroid function on male fertility.
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones act on testis in multiple ways and exert their effect on
different cell types, including Leydig and Sertoli cells, and germ cells. An
excess or deficit of thyroid hormones results in alterations of testis function,
including semen abnormalities. More frequently, hyperthyroidism has been
associated with reduced semen volume and reduced sperm density, motility, and
morphology, whereas hypothyroidism is associated with reduced sperm morphology.
Therefore, thyroid function tests should be part of the diagnostic workup of the
infertile man. This article is aimed at (1) elucidating how hyperthyroidism and
hypothyroidism lead to a reduction in semen quality, briefly reviewing the
current literature on murine models and humans, and (2) pinpointing the
limitations of the studies carried out so far and identifying new perspectives
for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico "G. Rodolico," University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- 2 Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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20
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Alipour F, Jalali M, Nikravesh MR, Fazel A, Sankian M, Khordad E. Assessment of sperm morphology, chromatin integrity, and catSper genes expression in hypothyroid mice. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2018; 69:244-258. [PMID: 30257580 DOI: 10.1556/018.68.2018.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an evident relationship between the fertilizing capacity of sperm and the normal morphology, quality chromatin, and motility of sperm. It is well known that thyroid hormones are the important regulators of testicular function. A correlation was found between the hypothyroidism and sperm damages. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on sperm morphology, chromatin quality, and motility. For this purpose, 20 male mice were divided into the control and the hypothyroid groups that received 0.05% 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) for 35 days. Sperm morphology with Papanicolaou staining and sperm chromatin quality with both Aniline Blue (AB) and Toluidine blue (TB) staining were assessed. Besides, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the changes of cation sperm channel (CatSper) genes. A significant increase in the sperm chromatin condensation was found in the hypothyroid mice compared to the control mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in the morphology of normal sperm in hypothyroid mice compared to the controls (p < 0.05). The results showed that Hypothyroidism could downregulate the expression of CatSper genes. Immunohistochemical data confirmed the real time-PCR results. Furthermore, the results showed that hypothyroidism could adversely affect sperm morphology, sperm chromatin condensation, and CatSper gene expression in mice and these abnormalities may be related to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a hypothyroid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jalali
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikravesh
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Fazel
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Bou-Ali Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Khordad
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kamel A, Hamouli-Said Z. Neonatal exposure to T3 disrupts male reproductive functions by altering redox homeostasis in immature testis of rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13082. [PMID: 29968296 DOI: 10.1111/and.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T3 is the active hormone, produced by peripheral deiodination of thyroxine. Exposure to excess thyroid hormones leads to hypermetabolic state and thus generates oxidative stress which seems to be involved in hyperthyroidism-induced testicular pathophysiology. We investigated the effects of T3 administration on the testis during development throughout sexual maturation in rats. Male pups were divided into two groups. T3 group was administered 80 µg/kg body weight intraperitoneal T3 injections daily for 21 days from the 1st postnatal day, while the control group was administered saline intraperitoneal injections. The pups were sacrificed at pnd 10, 20 and 30. T3 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in body weight at all ages tested and an increase in testis weight during the treatment period. The treatment produced imbalance in their testicular redox status, reflected by a significant increase in the amount of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyl content in the testicular homogenates of 20-day-old rats. We observed a significant increase in antioxidant system activities γ-glutamyl transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione content and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Histological examination showed altered seminiferous tubules, degenerated germ cells and decreased height of the germinal epithelium. Chronic neonatal exposure to T3 resulted in redox state alterations which contribute to testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Kamel
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (L.B.P.O)/Section Endocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumendiene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zohra Hamouli-Said
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (L.B.P.O)/Section Endocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumendiene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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22
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Hwang JH, Jung HW, Kang SY, Kang AN, Ma JN, Meng XL, Hwang MS, Park YK. Therapeutic effects of acupuncture with MOK, a polyherbal medicine, on PTU-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:310-320. [PMID: 29896255 PMCID: PMC5995081 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture with MOK, a polyherbal medicine (MOK pharmacopuncture), has been used for the treatment of thyroid syndromes including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in traditional Korean medicine. The present study investigated the effect of MOK pharmacopuncture on hypothyroidism and the mechanism underlying its antioxidation and immune regulation effects. Hypothyroidism was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of Propylthiouracil (PTU; 10 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks. MOK was administered by acupuncture on the acupoints around the thyroid gland of PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats once daily for 2 weeks following hypothyroidism induction. Administration of MOK pharmacopuncture significantly increased the PTU-induced decrease in body temperature of hypothyroidism rats. The weights of the spleen were also significantly decreased in hyperthyroidism rats following MOK pharmacopuncture. MOK pharmacopuncture significantly decreased the thyroid stimulating hormone level and increased the T3 and T4 levels in hypothyroidism rats. Administration of MOK pharmacopuncture significantly increased the glucose levels and decreased the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and alanine transaminase in the sera of hypothyroidism rats. The expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 was increased in dorsal root ganglion and brain tissues by administration of MOK pharmacopuncture, and glutathione levels and the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase were increased in the liver and brain tissues. Administration of MOK pharmacopuncture significantly inhibited interferon-γ expression and increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and Forkhead Box P3 in the spleen tissues of hypothyroidism rats. In histological analysis, the administration of MOK pharmacopuncture improved the pathological features in the thyroid glands of hypothyroidism rats. The results suggested that the administration of pharmacopuncture may ameliorate the pathological progression of hypothyroidism by multiple actions, including normalization of the hypothyroidism-induced thyroid hormone imbalance, stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, and regulation of the T helper (Th)1/Th2 imbalance. Therefore, MOK extract may be used for the treatment of hypothyroidism in Korean clinics as a useful pharmacopuncture medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Hwang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yong Kang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - An Na Kang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Nan Ma
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang Long Meng
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sub Hwang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
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23
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Llévenes P, Balfagón G, Blanco-Rivero J. Thyroid hormones affect nitrergic innervation function in rat mesenteric artery: Role of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:36-45. [PMID: 29751093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the influence of nitrergic innervation function on the decreased mesenteric arterial tone induced by high levels of triiodothyronine (T3), as a model of acute thyroiditis, as well as the mechanism/s implicated. We analysed in mesenteric segments from male Wistar rats the effect of 10 nmol/L T3 (2 h) on the vasomotor response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the presence/absence of specific neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor L-NPA, or superoxide anion scavenger tempol. Nitric oxide (NO) release was measured in the presence/absence of tempol or PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Superoxide anion and peroxynitrite releases, nNOS, PI3K, AKT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and 2 expressions, nNOS and AKT phosphorylation, and SOD activity were analysed. T3 decreased EFS-induced vasoconstriction. L-NPA increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more markedly in T3-incubated segments. T3 increased NO release. Tempol decreased EFS-induced vasoconstriction and augmented NO release only in segments without T3. LY294002 decreased NO release in T3-incubated segments. T3 diminished superoxide anion and peroxynitrite formation, enhanced SOD-2 expression, nNOS and AKT phosphorylations and SOD activity, and did not modify nNOS, PI3K, AKT and SOD-1 expressions. In conclusion, these results show a compensatory mechanism aimed at reducing the enhanced blood pressure that appears during acute thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Llévenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Balfagón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPaz), Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPaz), Spain.
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Osawe SO, Farombi EO. Quercetin and rutin ameliorates sulphasalazine-induced spermiotoxicity, alterations in reproductive hormones and steroidogenic enzyme imbalance in rats. Andrologia 2018. [PMID: 29512831 DOI: 10.1111/and.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain dietary flavonoids exhibit protective potentials against drug-induced male reproductive toxicities. We investigated the protective effects of quercetin and rutin on sulphasalazine-induced alterations in steroidogenic enzyme activity, hormone profile and spermiotoxicity in rats. Sulphasalazine (SASP, 600 mg/kg bw) was administered alone or in combination with quercetin (20 mg/kg bw) or rutin (10 mg/kg bw) for 14 days. SASP treatment significantly increased relative weights of the epididymis and seminal vesicles. Also, testicular and epididymal sperm numbers (TSN, ESN), motility, daily sperm production (DSP) and acrosome reaction (AR) significantly decreased. SASP altered plasma testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels while testicular cholesterol levels, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activities were decreased. Elevated malondialdehyde levels and concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were evident in testis and epididymis of SASP-treated rats. Quercetin or rutin co-treatment with SASP significantly reversed organ weights, preserved sperm integrity, restored plasma hormone levels and increased cholesterol levels, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD activities in testis. Both flavonoids also prevented oxidative stress in testis and epididymis of SASP-treated rats. Quercetin and rutin protect against the negative effects of SASP treatment on reproductive capacity in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Osawe
- Molecular Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E O Farombi
- Molecular Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Dogan HO, Alcigir ME. The Protective effect of P7C3 against DNA and neuron damage in rat pups with congenital hypothyroidism. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:499-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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La Vignera S, Vita R, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, Presti S, Benvenga S, Calogero AE. Impact of thyroid disease on testicular function. Endocrine 2017; 58:397-407. [PMID: 28429281 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testis was considered unresponsive to thyroid hormone for a long time. However, like in animals, the presence of thyroid hormone receptors in different testicular cell types was demonstrated also in humans. Accordingly, thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism have remarkable effects on testicular function and more extensively on fertility. REVIEW Thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism are associated with changes affecting the endocrine, sexual, or reproductive functions. Particularly, compared with controls, hyperthyroid patients have higher serum SHBG and lower free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations, a higher rate of astheno-zoospermia, oligo-zoospermia, and terato-zoospermia, and a higher prevalence of sexual disturbances, such as premature ejaculation. In hypothyroid patients, hormonal changes are in the opposite direction compared with hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid hormone regulates a number of functions in the testis, such as proliferation and differentiations of non-germ cells, steroidogenesis, and sperm motility. Furthermore, thyroid hormone regulates testicular redox status. Consequently, thyroid hormone excess or deficiency can affect testicular function at different levels. CONCLUSIONS In view of the high prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, a considerable part of infertile patients may harbor overt or subclinical thyroid disease. Identification and management of thyrotoxicosis/hypothyroidism associated infertility needs the collaboration of andrologists, endocrinologists, gynecologists, and general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Vita
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Presti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescence & Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Fadlalla MB, Wei Q, Fedail JS, Mehfooz A, Mao D, Shi F. Effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism on the development and proliferation of testicular cells in prepubertal rats. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1943-1954. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Babo Fadlalla
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Jaafar Sulieman Fedail
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Asif Mehfooz
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Dagan Mao
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
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Mehfooz A, Wei Q, Fadlalla MB, Siyal FA, Dhama K, Mao D, Shi F. Impaired Growth Performance and Testicular Cells Apoptosis Following Restraint Stress in Adult Hypothyroid Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.541.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Prathima P, Venkaiah K, Pavani R, Daveedu T, Munikumar M, Gobinath M, Valli M, Sainath SB. α-lipoic acid inhibits oxidative stress in testis and attenuates testicular toxicity in rats exposed to carbimazole during embryonic period. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:373-381. [PMID: 28959662 PMCID: PMC5615143 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrauterine exposure of carbiamzole (CBZ) on male fertility is not well defined. CBZ exposure in utero results in spermatotoxic effects and impaired steroidogenesis in offspring rats at their adulthood. Gestational exposure to CBZ augmented testicular oxidative damage in offspring rats. α-lipoic acid supplementation with its antioxidant properties ameliorated diminished male reproductive health in rats exposed to CBZ prenatally.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of α-lipoic acid against testicular toxicity in rats exposed to carbimazole during the embryonic period. Time-mated pregnant rats were exposed to carbimazole from the embryonic days 9–21. After completion of the gestation period, all the rats were allowed to deliver pups and weaned. At postnatal day 100, F1 male pups were assessed for the selected reproductive endpoints. Gestational exposure to carbimazole decreased the reproductive organ indices, testicular daily sperm count, epididymal sperm variables viz., sperm count, viable sperm, motile sperm and HOS-tail coiled sperms. Significant decrease in the activity levels of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and expression of StAR mRNA levels with a significant increase in the total cholesterol levels were observed in the testis of experimental rats over the controls. These events were also accompanied by a significant reduction in the serum testosterone levels in CBZ exposed rats, indicating reduced steroidogenesis. In addition, the deterioration of the testicular architecture and reduced fertility ability were noticed in the carbimazole exposed rats. Significant reduction in the activity levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione content with a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in the testis of carbimazole exposed rats over the controls. Conversely, supplementation of α-lipoic acid (70 mg/Kg bodyweight) ameliorated the male reproductive health in rats exposed to carbimazole during the embryonic period as evidenced by enhanced reproductive organ weights, selected sperm variables, testicular steroidogenesis, and testicular enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. To conclude, diminished testicular antioxidant balance associated with reduced spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis might be responsible for the suppressed reproduction in rats exposed to the carbimazole transplacentally. On the other hand, α-lipoic acid through its antioxidant and steroidogenic properties mitigated testicular toxicity which eventually restored the male reproductive health of carbimazole-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prathima
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - K Venkaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - R Pavani
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - T Daveedu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - M Munikumar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute of Nutrition-ICMR, Jamia Islamia (Post), Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India, India
| | - M Gobinath
- Department of Pharmacy, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Nellore-524346, AP, India
| | - M Valli
- Department of Genetics, Narayana Medical College, Nellore-524003, AP, India
| | - S B Sainath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
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30
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Zhang H, Dong Y, Su Q. Perinatal hypothyroidism modulates antioxidant defence status in the developing rat liver and heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:185-189. [PMID: 27918653 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defence status in perinatal hypothyroid rat liver and heart. We found that the proteincarbonyl content did not differ significantly between the three groups both in the pup liver and in the heart. The OH˙ level was significantly decreased in the hypothyroid heart but not in the liver compared with controls. A slight but not significant decrease in SOD activity was observed in both perinatal hypothyroid liver and heart. A significantly increased activity of CAT was observed in the liver but not in the heart of hypothyroid pups. The GPx activity was considerably increased compared with controls in the perinatal hypothyroid heart and was unaltered in the liver of hypothyroid pups. We also found that vitamin E levels in the liver decreased significantly in hypothyroidism and were unaltered in the heart of perinatal hypothyroid rats. The GSH content was elevated significantly in both hypothyroid liver and heart. The total antioxidant capacity was higher in the liver of the hypothyroid group but not in the hypothyroid heart. Thyroxine replacement could not repair the above changes to normal. In conclusion, perinatal hypothyroidism modulates the oxidative stress status of the perinatal liver and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
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Sajadian M, Hashemi M, Salimi S, Nakhaee A. The Effect of Experimental Thyroid Dysfunction on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Rat Pancreas. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:199-205. [PMID: 27241437 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of thyroid dysfunction on markers of oxidative stress in rat pancreas. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were, respectively, induced in rats via administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) and L-thyroxine sodium salt in drinking water for 45 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathioen peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), xanthine oxidase (XO), and nonenzymatic markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total thiols (T-SH) were determined in the rat pancreas. In hyperthyroid rats, pancreatic CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, XO, G6PD activities were increased compared with those in hypothyroid and control groups. There were no differences in activities of antioxidant enzymes between hypothyroid and control rats. Pancreatic MDA and PC in hyperthyroid rats increased compared with hypothyroid and the control animals. Whereas, hyperthyroid rats had decreased levels of tissue GSH and T-SH compared with hypothyroid and the control groups. The findings showed that only GSH level has decreased significantly in the hypothyroid group compared with control groups. In conclusion, our results showed that experimental hyperthyroidism induces oxidative stress in pancreas of rats, but hypothyroidism has no major impact on oxidative stress markers. Drug Dev Res 77 : 199-205, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Sajadian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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32
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Goharbari MH, Shadboores A, Abdollahi M. Inhibitory Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Mitochondrial
Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.249.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6757154. [PMID: 27051079 PMCID: PMC4802023 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6757154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are closely related processes, as well exemplified in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. OS is also related to hormonal derangement in a reciprocal way. Among the various hormonal influences that operate on the antioxidant balance, thyroid hormones play particularly important roles, since both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been shown to be associated with OS in animals and humans. In this context, the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) that typically manifests as reduced conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in different acute and chronic systemic conditions is still a debated topic. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome are reviewed, together with the roles of deiodinases, the enzymes responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3, in both physiological and pathological situations. The presence of OS indexes in NTIS supports the hypothesis that it represents a condition of hypothyroidism at the tissue level and not only an adaptive mechanism to diseases.
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Kong L, Wei Q, Fedail JS, Shi F, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Effects of thyroid hormones on the antioxidative status in the uterus of young adult rats. J Reprod Dev 2015; 61:219-27. [PMID: 25797533 PMCID: PMC4495068 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones and oxidative stress play significant roles in the normal functioning of the female reproductive system. Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), participates in the regulation of thyroid function and is also a good biomarker for assessment of the oxidative stress status. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of thyroid hormones on uterine antioxidative status in young adult rats. Thirty immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, hypothyroid (hypo-T) and hyperthyroid (hyper-T). The results showed the body weights decreased significantly in both the hypo-T and hyper-T groups and that uterine weights were decreased significantly in the hypo-T group. The serum concentrations of total triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), as well as estradiol (E2), were significantly decreased in the hypo-T group, but increased in the hyper-T group. The progesterone
(P4) concentrations in the hypo- and hyperthyroid rats markedly decreased. Immunohistochemistry results provided evidence that thyroid hormone nuclear receptor α/β (TRα/β) and three NOS isoforms were located in different cell types of rat uteri. The NO content and total NOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) activities were markedly diminished in the hypo-T group but increased in the hyper-T group. Moreover, the activities of both glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) exhibited significant decreases and increases in the hypo-T and hyper-T groups, respectively. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both the hypo-T and hyper-T groups showed a significant increase. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the hypo- and hyper-T rats markedly decreased. In conclusion, these results indicated that thyroid hormones have an important influence on the modulation of uterine antioxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfa Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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35
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Asker ME, Hassan WA, El-Kashlan AM. Experimentally induced hyperthyroidism influences oxidant and antioxidant status and impairs male gonadal functions in adult rats. Andrologia 2014; 47:644-54. [PMID: 25220112 DOI: 10.1111/and.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present experiment was to study the effect of hyperthyroidism on male gonadal functions and oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers in testis of adult rats. Induction of hyperthyroidism by L-thyroxine (L-T4, 300 μg kg(-1) body weight) treatment once daily for 3 or 8 weeks caused a decrease in body weight gain as well as in absolute genital sex organs weight. The epididymal sperm counts and their motility were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner following L-T4 treatment. Significant decline in serum levels of luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone along with significant increase in serum estradiol level was observed in hyperthyroid rats compared with euthyroid ones. Significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentration associated with significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was also noticed following hyperthyroidism induction. Both reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity were increased in hyperthyroid rats compared with control rats. Marked histopathological alterations were observed in testicular section of hyperthyroid rats. These results provide evidence that hypermetabolic state induced by excess level of thyroid hormones may be a causative factor for the impairment of testicular physiology as a consequence of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - W A Hassan
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - A M El-Kashlan
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract
Male reproduction is governed by the classical hypothalamo-hypophyseal testicular axis: Hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the gonadal steroid, principally, testosterone. Thyroid hormones have been shown to exert a modulatory influence on this axis and consequently the sexual and spermatogenic function of man. This review will examine the modulatory influence of thyroid hormones on male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Intern, India
| | - Skand Shekhar
- University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bodhana Dhole
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Intern, India
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Thyroid hormones and antioxidant systems: focus on oxidative stress in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23893-909. [PMID: 24351864 PMCID: PMC3876084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous works we demonstrated an inverse correlation between plasma Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and thyroid hormones; in fact, CoQ10 levels in hyperthyroid patients were found among the lowest detected in human diseases. On the contrary, CoQ10 is elevated in hypothyroid subjects, also in subclinical conditions, suggesting the usefulness of this index in assessing metabolic status in thyroid disorders. A Low-T3 syndrome is a condition observed in several chronic diseases: it is considered an adaptation mechanism, where there is a reduction in pro-hormone T4 conversion. Low T3-Syndrome is not usually considered to be corrected with replacement therapy. We review the role of thyroid hormones in regulation of antioxidant systems, also presenting data on total antioxidant capacity and Coenzyme Q10. Published studies suggest that oxidative stress could be involved in the clinical course of different heart diseases; our data could support the rationale of replacement therapy in low-T3 conditions.
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Adedara IA, Ebokaiwe AP, Mathur PP, Farombi EO. Nigerian bonny light crude oil induces endocrine disruption in male rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:198-203. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.834359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Venditti P, Di Stefano L, Di Meo S. Vitamin E management of oxidative damage-linked dysfunctions of hyperthyroid tissues. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3125-44. [PMID: 23255045 PMCID: PMC11114018 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid hormones affect growth, development, and metabolism of vertebrates, and are considered the major regulators of their homeostasis. On the other hand, elevated circulating levels of thyroid hormones are associated with modifications in the whole organism (weight loss and increased metabolism and temperature) and in several body regions. Indeed, tachycardia, atrial arrhythmias, heart failure, muscle weakness and wasting, bone mass loss, and hepatobiliary complications are commonly found in hyperthyroid animals and humans. RESULTS Most thyroid hormone actions result from influences on transcription of T3-responsive genes, which are mediated through nuclear receptors. However, there is significant evidence that tissue oxidative stress underlies some dysfunctions produced by hyperthyroidism. DISCUSSION During the last decades, increasing interest has been turned to the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in various diseases and pathophysiological disorders believed to be mediated by oxidative stress. In particular, because elevated circulating levels of thyroid hormones are associated with tissue oxidative injury, more attention has been paid to explore the application of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in thyroid related disorders. CONCLUSIONS At present, vitamin E is among the most commonly consumed dietary supplements due to the belief that it, as an antioxidant, may attenuate morbidity and mortality. This is due to the results of numerous scientific studies, which demonstrate that vitamin E has a primary function to destroy peroxyl radicals, thus protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids biological membranes from oxidative damage. However, results are also available indicating that protective vitamin E effects against oxidative damage can be obtained even through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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Ourique GM, Finamor IA, Saccol EMH, Riffel APK, Pês TS, Gutierrez K, Gonçalves PBD, Baldisserotto B, Pavanato MA, Barreto KP. Resveratrol improves sperm motility, prevents lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant defences in the testes of hyperthyroid rats. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 37:31-9. [PMID: 23391542 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism may lead to a loss of sperm motility and an increase in oxidative stress (OS) in testes and may cause male reproductive disorders. Thus, the use of compounds with antioxidant properties may be a strategy for preventing these disorders. The effect of resveratrol (RSV) on sperm motility and on variables of the antioxidant status in the testes of rats with triiodothyronine-induced hyperthyroidism (100μg/kg) was investigated. Hyperthyroid rats presented lower sperm motility, higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric reactive substances, lower catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and higher glutathione-S-transferase activity in their testes than control animals. RSV treatment (1mg/kg and 10mg/kg) was able to prevent these effects in the hyperthyroid rats and had no effect in the control animals. In conclusion, RSV might be a strategy for therapeutic intervention to preserve sperm motility and to prevent OS in testes, preserving testicular function in those with hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana M Ourique
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Jena S, Chainy GBN, Dandapat J. Hypothyroidism modulates renal antioxidant gene expression during postnatal development and maturation in rat. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:8-18. [PMID: 22522343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study effects of 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on renal antioxidant defence system during postnatal development (from birth to 7, 15 and 30days old) and on adult rats were reported. Hypothyroidism in rats was induced by feeding the lactating mothers (from the day of parturition till weaning, 25days old) or directly to the pups with 0.05% PTU in drinking water. The activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased in 30days old hypothyroid rats with respect to their respective controls, on the other hand, levels of translated products and activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) were decreased in hypothyroid rats of all age groups as compared to their respective control rats. SOD1 activity remained unchanged in persistent (PTU-treatment from birth to 90days old) hypothyroid rats as compared to euthyroid. However, a decreased activity of SOD1 was recorded in transient (PTU-treatment from birth to 30days then withdrawal till 90days old) hypothyroid rats with respect to control rats. The mRNA level, protein expression and activity of SOD2 and CAT were significantly decreased in persistent hypothyroid rats as compared to euthyroid rats. The activity of GPx was significantly increased in both persistent and transient hypothyroid rats with respect to euthyroid rats. The present study indicates modulation of antioxidant defence status of rat kidney during postnatal development and maturation by hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Zhu Y, Ning D, Wang F, Liu C, Xu Y, Jia X, Zhu D. Effect of thyroxine on munc-18 and syntaxin-1 expression in dorsal hippocampus of adult-onset hypothyroid rats. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e22. [PMID: 22688303 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset hypothyroidism induces a variety of impairments on hippocampus-dependent neurocognitive functioningin which many synaptic proteins in hippocampus neurons are involved. Here, we observed the effect of adult-onset hypothyroidism on the expression of syntaxin-1 and munc-18 in the dorsal hippocampus and whether the altered proteins could be restored by levothyroxine (T4) treatment. All rats were separated into 4 groups randomly: hypothyroid group, 5 μg T4/100 g body weight (BW) treated group, 20 μg T4/100g BW treated group and control group. The radioimmunoassay kits were applied to assay the levels of serum T3 and T4, and the levels of syntaxin-1 and munc-18 in hippocampus were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Both analysis corroborated that syntaxin-1 in the hypothyroid group was significantly higher. Munc-18 was lower in four layers of CA3 and dentate gyrus by immunohistochemistry. After two weeks of treatment with 5 μg T4/100g BW for hypothyroidism, syntaxin-1 levels were completely restored, whereas the recovery of munc-18 only located in two of the four impaired layers. Twenty μg T4/100g BW treatment normalized munc-18 levels. These data suggested that adult-onset hypothyroidism induced increment of syntaxin-1 and decrement of munc-18 in the dorsal hippocampus, which could be restored by T4 treatment. Larger dosage of T4 caused more effective restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Sahoo DK, Roy A. Compromised Rat Testicular Antioxidant Defence System by Hypothyroidism before Puberty. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:637825. [PMID: 22315592 PMCID: PMC3272337 DOI: 10.1155/2012/637825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered thyroid function during early stages of development is known to affect adversely testicular growth, physiology, and antioxidant defence status at adulthood. The objective of the present study is to investigate the modulation of antioxidant defence status in neonatal persistent hypothyroid rats before their sexual maturation and also to identify the specific testicular cell populations vulnerable to degeneration during neonatal hypothyroidism in immature rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in neonates by feeding the lactating mother with 0.05% 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) through the drinking water. From the day of parturition till weaning (25 day postpartum), the pups received PTU through mother's milk (or) drinking water and then directly from drinking water containing PTU for the remaining period of experimentation. On the 31st day postpartum, the animals were sacrificed for the study. An altered antioxidant defence system marked by elevated SOD, CAT, and GR activities, with decreased GPx and GST activities were observed along with increased protein carbonylation, disturbed redox status in hypothyroid immature rat testis. This compromised testicular antioxidant status might have contributed to poor growth and development by affecting the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in rats before puberty as indicated by reduced germ cell number, complete absence of round spermatids, decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak K. Sahoo
- Departments of Zoology and Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004 Orissa, India
- KTRDC, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0236, USA
- *Dipak K. Sahoo:
| | - Anita Roy
- Departments of Zoology and Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004 Orissa, India
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Hong MJ, Lee BC, Ahn YM, Ahn SY. The Effects of Epimedii Herba on a Hypothyroidism Rat Model induced by PTU(6-Propyl, 2-thiouracil). J Pharmacopuncture 2011. [DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2011.14.4.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Ortiz-ButrÓn R, Blas-Valdivia V, Franco-Colin M, Pineda-Reynoso M, Cano-Europa E. An increase of oxidative stress markers and the alteration of the antioxidant enzymatic system are associated with spleen damage caused by methimazole-induced hypothyroidism. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:180-8. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.495391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Aitken RJ, Roman SD. Antioxidant systems and oxidative stress in the testes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 1:15-24. [PMID: 19794904 PMCID: PMC2715191 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.1.1.6843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Sakr SAR, Mahran HAH, Nofal AE. Effect of selenium on carbimazole-induced testicular damage and oxidative stress in albino rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:59-66. [PMID: 20832273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbimazole is an antithyroid drug used in treatment of hyperthyroidism. The present investigation studied the effect of carbimazole on testicular activity in albino rats and the ameliorative role of selenium. Treating rats with carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w) daily for 8 weeks caused reduction in the body and testes weight. Moreover, the diameters of the seminiferous tubules and heights of their germinal epithelium were significantly reduced. Testes of treated rats showed many histological alterations included congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhage, degeneration of interstitial tissue and degeneration of spermatogenic cells with apoptosis and necrosis. Histochemical results revealed reduction in polysaccharides, total proteins and nucleic acids contents in testicular tissue. In addition, the level of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), T(3), T(4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly decreased in sera of treated animals. Moreover, a high lipid peroxidation with a decrease in the enzymatic antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was recorded in testes homogenate. Treating animals with carbimazole and selenium showed an improvement in the histological structure as well as histochemical components of the testis with an increase in the number of spermatogenic cells. There was an increase in testosterone, LH, T(3), T(4) and TSH levels. Moreover, administration of selenium led to decrease in malondialdehyde and increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. It is suggested that the curative effect of selenium against testicular damage induced by carbimazole may be due to its antioxidant properties.
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Chattopadhyay S, Choudhury S, Roy A, Chainy GBN, Samanta L. T3 fails to restore mitochondrial thiol redox status altered by experimental hypothyroidism in rat testis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 169:39-47. [PMID: 20678500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress impaired sperm function might lead to infertility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of altered thyroid hormone levels on regulation of mitochondrial glutathione redox status and its dependent antioxidant defense system in adult rat testis and their correlation with testicular function. Adult male Wistar rats were rendered hypothyroid by administration of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water for six weeks. At the end of the treatment period, a subset of the hypothyroid rats was treated with T(3) (20 μg/100g body weight/day for 3 days). Mitochondria were isolated from euthyroid, hypothyroid and hypothyroid+T(3)-treated rat testes, and sub-fractionated into sub-mitochondrial particles and matrix fractions. Mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress indices and antioxidant defenses were assayed. The results were correlated with daily testicular sperm production and epididymal sperm viability. Increased pro-oxidant level and reduced antioxidant capacity rendered the hypothyroid mitochondria susceptible to oxidative injury. The extent of damage was more evident in the membrane fraction. This was reflected in higher degree of oxidative damages inflicted upon membrane lipids and proteins. While membrane proteins were more susceptible to carbonylation, thiol residue damage was evident in matrix fraction. Reduced levels of glutathione and ascorbate further weakened the antioxidant defenses and impaired testicular function. Hypothyroid condition disturbed intra-mitochondrial thiol redox status leading to testicular dysfunction. Hypothyroidism-induced oxidative stress condition could not be reversed with T(3) treatment.
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Mancini A, Festa R, Di Donna V, Leone E, Littarru GP, Silvestrini A, Meucci E, Pontecorvi A. Hormones and antioxidant systems: role of pituitary and pituitary-dependent axes. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:422-33. [PMID: 20631494 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a condition defined as unbalancing between production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses, is an important pathogenetic mechanism in different diseases. Despite the abundant literature, many aspects of hormone role in regulating antioxidant synthesis and activity still remain obscure. Therefore, we reviewed experimental data, in vivo and in vitro, about the effects of the different pituitary- dependent axes on antioxidant levels, trying to give a broad view from hormones which also have antioxidant properties to the classic antioxidants, from the lipophilic antioxidant Coenzyme Q10, strictly related to thyroid function, to total antioxidant capacity, a measure of non-protein non-enzymatic antioxidants in serum and other biological fluids. Taken together, these data underline the importance of oxidative stress in various pituitary-dependent disorders, suggesting a possible clinical usefulness of antioxidant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mancini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Wagner MS, Wajner SM, Maia AL. Is there a role for thyroid hormone on spermatogenesis? Microsc Res Tech 2009; 72:796-808. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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