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Namuhan, Wang J, Yang G, Song Y, Yu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Shi Y, Shen Y, Han X, Wuyunna, Zhang H. Mechanisms of biodiversity loss under nitrogen enrichment: unveiling a shift from light competition to cation toxicity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1966-1979. [PMID: 38970455 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The primary mechanisms contributing to nitrogen (N) addition induced grassland biodiversity loss, namely light competition and soil cation toxicity, are often examined separately in various studies. However, their relative significance in governing biodiversity loss along N addition gradient remains unclear. We conducted a 4-yr field experiment with five N addition rates (0, 2, 10, 20, and 50 g N m-2 yr-1) and performed a meta-analysis using global data from 239 observations in N-fertilized grassland ecosystems. Results from our field experiment and meta-analysis indicate that both light competition and soil cation (e.g. Mn2+ and Al3+) toxicity contribute to plant diversity loss under N enrichment. The relative importance of these mechanisms varied with N enrichment intensity. Light competition played a more significant role in influencing species richness under low N addition (≤ 10 g m-2 yr-1), while cation toxicity became increasingly dominant in reducing biodiversity under high N addition (>10 g m-2 yr-1). Therefore, a transition from light competition to cation toxicity occurs with increasing N availability. These findings imply that the biodiversity loss along the N gradient is regulated by distinct mechanisms, necessitating the adoption of differential management strategies to mitigate diversity loss under varying intensities of N enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namuhan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Guojiao Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yantao Song
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yunguang Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yiping Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wuyunna
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
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Singh D, Maithreyi S, Taunk J, Singh MP. Physiological and proteomic characterization revealed the response mechanisms underlying aluminium tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14298. [PMID: 38685770 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity causes major plant distress, affecting root growth, nutrient uptake and, ultimately, agricultural productivity. Lentil, which is a cheap source of vegetarian protein, is recognized to be sensitive to Al toxicity. Therefore, it is important to dissect the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in lentil. To understand the physiological system and proteome composition underlying Al tolerance, two genotypes [L-4602 (Al-tolerant) and BM-4 (Al-sensitive)] were studied at the seedling stage. L-4602 maintained a significantly higher root tolerance index and malate secretion with reduced Al accumulation than BM-4. Also, label-free proteomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer exhibited significant regulation of Al-responsive proteins associated with antioxidants, signal transduction, calcium homeostasis, and regulation of glycolysis in L-4602 as compared to BM-4. Functional annotation suggested that transporter proteins (transmembrane protein, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transport-related protein and multi drug resistance protein), antioxidants associated proteins (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent oxidoreductase, oxidoreductase molybdopterin binding protein & peroxidases), kinases (calmodulin-domain kinase & protein kinase), and carbohydrate metabolism associated proteins (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) were found to be abundant in tolerant genotype providing protection against Al toxicity. Overall, the root proteome uncovered in this study at seedling stage, along with the physiological parameters measured, allow a greater understanding of Al tolerance mechanism in lentil, thereby assisting in future crop improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhra Maithreyi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Singh G, Gupta S, Priyanka, Puspa, Rani B, Kaur H, Vikas, Yadav R, Sehgal R. Designing of bis-organosilanes as dual chemosensor for Sn(II) and Al(III) ions: Antibacterial activity and in silico molecular docking study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123435. [PMID: 37788514 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, in this article, we present the design and synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole allied Schiff base functionalized organosilanes 6(a-e) utilising single step approach. These compounds were further characterised using NMR (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that compound 6a had a high selectivityto Sn(II) and Al(III) metal ions compared to other relevant metal ions with lowlimit of detection (LOD) values. Suppression of -C=N isomerization, constrained intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and complexation with Sn(II)/Al(III) ions (Chelation Enhanced Fluorescence (CHEF)) results in probe 6a's enhanced turn on fluorescence toward the detection of Sn(II) and Al(III) ions. Probe 6a was a strong candidate for the detection of Sn(II) and Al(III) ions due to its selectivity, reversibility, and competitiveness. Since the detecting phenomenon can be reversed, the sensor 6a perfectly mimics the INHIBIT molecular logic gate. Also, computational study utilising DFT technique was used to shed light on the complexation mode of 6a with Sn(II) and Al(III) metal ions. The compound 6a's antibacterial activity has also been successfully tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Additionally, the compound 6a was docked to the E. coli and S. aureus proteins, which exhibited excellent results with binding energies of -7.18 Kcal mol-1 and -7.05 Kcal mol-1, respectively. As both in-vitro and docking studies demonstrated anti-bacterial activity of the probe 6a, it may be anticipated that the probe has potential to serve as anti-bacterial drug in nearly future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Humanities and Applied Sciences, Echelon Institute of Technology Faridabad, 121101 Haryana, India
| | - Puspa
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bhavana Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Harshbir Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vikas
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Richa Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medicinal Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Zeng H, Li Y, Chen W, Yan J, Wu J, Lou H. Melatonin alleviates aluminum toxicity by regulating aluminum-responsive and nonresponsive pathways in hickory. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132274. [PMID: 37643573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a significant constraint on agricultural productivity worldwide. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate Al toxicity in plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we employed a combination of physiological and molecular biology techniques to examine the role of MT in mitigating Al toxicity of hickory. We found that MT decreased the contents of cell wall pectin, hemicellulose, Al, and Al-induced massive reactive oxygen species accumulation in the roots of hickory. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MT may alleviate root tip Al stress by regulating Al-responsive and nonresponsive pathways. Co-expression regulatory network and dual-luciferase receptor assays revealed that transcription factors, CcC3H12 and CcAZF2, responded to MT and significantly activated the expression of two cell wall pectin-related genes, CcPME61 and CcGAE6, respectively. Further, yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays verified that CcC3H12 and CcAZF2 regulated CcPME61 and CcGAE6, respectively, by directly binding to their promoters. Overexpression of CcPME61 enhanced the Al sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that MT can improve Al tolerance of hickory via multiple pathways, which provides a new perspective for the study of the mechanism of MT in alleviating abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jingwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Effects of magnesium application on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Liu H, Zhu R, Shu K, Lv W, Wang S, Wang C. Aluminum stress signaling, response, and adaptive mechanisms in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2057060. [PMID: 35467484 PMCID: PMC9045826 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2057060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over 40% of arable land in the world is acidic. Al stress has become a global agricultural problem affecting plant growth and limiting crop production in acidic soils. Plants have evolved different regulatory mechanisms of adaptation to exogenous environmental challenges, such as Al stress, by altering their growth patterns. In the past decades, several key genes involved in plant response to Al stress and the mechanism of Al detoxification have been revealed. However, the signaling pathways of plant response to Al stress and the regulatory mechanism of plant Al tolerance remain poorly understood. In this review, we summarized the findings of recent studies on the plant Al tolerance mechanism and the molecular regulation mechanism of phytohormones in response to Al stress. This review improves our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of plants in response to Al stress and provides a reference for the breeding of Al-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weixiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab. of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Hajiboland R, Panda CK, Lastochkina O, Gavassi MA, Habermann G, Pereira JF. Aluminum Toxicity in Plants: Present and Future. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00344-022-10866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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Bedassa TA, Abebe AT, Tolessa AR. Tolerance to soil acidity of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes under field conditions Southwestern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272924. [PMID: 36107881 PMCID: PMC9477287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil acidity with associated low nutrient availability is one of the major constraints to soybean production in southwestern Ethiopia. Integrated use of lime and acid-tolerant crops is believed to reduce soil acidity and improve crop production. The experiment was conducted in the field condition of Mettu, southwestern Ethiopia during the 2017/18 main cropping season. The experiment comprised fifteen soybean genotypes and two soil amendment (lime and unlimed) treatments arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. For each treatment, four rows were planted per plot; data related to growth, root, nodule, and yield of the crop were collected at a necessary stage for each. Liming and genotype interaction had significantly (P = 0.01) affected all parameters considered except for hundred seed weight and root volume and were affected only by the main effects of genotypes and liming. A significant reduction for most parameters was found on lime-untreated soil than treated soil. Though some genotypes showed higher performance for root, growth parameters, and yield components under unlimed soils; however, gave higher yield and yield components, when grown on lime-untreated with an average yield reduction of 13.7%, due to soil acidity. The maximum grain yield of (1943.93 kg ha-1) was obtained under lime treated acid soil from PI567046A genotype; while the lowest (510.49 kg ha-1) were recorded from SCS-1genotype under the lime untreated acid soil. Genotype BRS268 showed higher yield (1319.83 kg ha-1) under lime untreated acid soil than lime treated acid soil (1143.47 kg ha-1) and showed less reduction percentage for a number of the nodules, root weight, and number of seeds per plant; while PI567046A showed high reduction percentage for yield, biomass, number of pod and seed per plant. A high difference was observed among the soybean genotypes for soil acidity tolerance, which might be further exploited by breeders for the genetic improvement of soybean. Genotype BRS268 had performed better than other tested genotypes under increased soil acidity. selection would be effective to improve soybean genotypes performance on acid soils and identify low Phosphorus tolerant genotype that helps smallholder farmers optimize soybean productivity on acid soils in the study area. HAWASSA-04 variety is the most tolerant among the tested materials. However, further study is required by considering additional genotypes to reach a conclusive recommendation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolossa Ameyu Bedassa
- Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Huang J, Wu Q, Jing HK, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Auxin facilitates cell wall phosphorus reutilization in a nitric oxide-ethylene dependent manner in phosphorus deficient rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111371. [PMID: 35809682 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is involved in stress responses of plants, such as phosphorus (P) deficiency in rice. Studies on whether auxin participates in cell-wall inorganic phosphorous (Pi) reutilization in Pi-starved rice are scarce. This study explored the mechanisms underlying auxin-facilitated cell-wall Pi-reutilization in rice roots. Pi deficiency rapidly induced auxin accumulation in roots; exogenous auxin [α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a permeable analog of auxin] elevated soluble Pi content in roots and shoots by increasing pectin content by enhancing activity of pectin methylesterase, and upregulating the transcript level of PHOSPHORUS-TRANSPORTER-2, such that more Pi was translocated to the shoot. Irrespective of the Pi status, exogenous auxin induced nitric oxide (NO) and ethylene production, while exogenous sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (a precursor of ethylene) had no effect on auxin content, suggesting that auxin may act upstream of NO and ethylene. The beneficial effect of NAA in increasing soluble Pi content in roots and shoots disappeared when 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (a scavenger of NO) or aminoethoxyvinylglycine (an inhibitor of ethylene) were applied, suggesting that auxin facilitates cell-wall Pi-reutilization in a NO-ethylene-dependent manner in Pi-deficient rice. Our study results suggest auxin application as an effective agronomic practice for improving plant Pi nutrition in P-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huai Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Niu E, Gao S, Yu X, Soleimani A, Zhu S. Comprehensive evaluation of the response to aluminum stress in olive tree ( Olea europaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968499. [PMID: 35968113 PMCID: PMC9366337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an ancient tree species in the Mediterranean, but the lack of knowledge about aluminum-resistant varieties limits its introduction to acidic soil. The objective of this study was to have a comprehensive evaluation of the response to aluminum stress in olive tree at germplasm, metabolome, and transcriptome levels. In this experiment, seedlings of 97 olive germplasm with 1.0-3.0 cm roots and two leaves were treated with 50 μM Al3+ (pH = 5.0). By factor analysis of the traits of defoliation rate, rooting rate, length of extended root, and length of new root, 97 germplasm were classified into five different groups according to their diverse responses to aluminum stress: 5 highly resistant (5.15%), 30 moderately resistant (30.93%), 31 general (31.96%), 23 moderately sensitive (23.71%), and 8 highly sensitive (8.25%) germplasm. The three most sensitive and three most resistant germplasm were further used for metabolome and transcriptome analysis. Exposed to aluminum stress, 96 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs)/4,845 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 66 DAMs/2,752 DEGs were identified in highly sensitive and resistant germplasm, respectively. Using multi-omics technology, the pathways and related DAMs/DEGs involved in cell wall/cytoplasm receptors, reactive oxygen species balance, hormone induction, synthesis of organic acids, Al3+ transport, and synthesis of metabolites were identified to mainly regulate the response to aluminum stress in olive. This study provides a theoretical guide and prior germplasm and genes for further genetic improvement of aluminum tolerance in the olive tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shenlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Low Concentration of Aluminum-Stimulated Pollen Tube Growth of Apples (Malus domestica). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131705. [PMID: 35807657 PMCID: PMC9269008 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an important element in soil constitution. Previous studies have shown that high concentration of Al affects the normal growth of crops, resulting in crop yield reduction and inferior quality. Nevertheless, Al has also been referred to as a beneficial element, especially when used at low concentrations, but the cytological mechanism is not clear. Influences of low concentration AlCl3 on the pollen tube growth of apple (Malus domestica) and its possible cytological mechanism were investigated in this study. The results showed that 20 μM AlCl3 promoted pollen germination and tube elongation; 20 μM AlCl3 enhanced Ca2+ influx but did not affect [Ca2+]c of the pollen tube tip; and 20 μM AlCl3 decreased acid pectins in pollen tubes but increased esterified pectins and arabinan pectins in pollen tubes. According to the information provided in this research, 20 μM AlCl3 stimulated growth of pollen tubes by enhancing Ca2+ influx and changing cell wall components.
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Jiang D, Wu H, Cai H, Chen G. Silicon confers aluminium tolerance in rice via cell wall modification in the root transition zone. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1765-1778. [PMID: 35289406 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The root-apex transition zone (TZ), the major perception site for aluminium (Al) toxicity, is crucial for the Al-induced root-growth inhibition, while the mechanism underlying silicon-mediated alleviation of Al toxicity in the TZ is largely unknown. In this study, the role of silicon (Si) in alleviating Al-induced damage in the TZ and root-growth inhibition of rice was investigated. We found that Si had direct alleviative effect on Al toxicity as revealed by less root growth-inhibition, Al accumulation, and callose formation. Si reversed Al-induced decreases of the cell wall elongation and extensibility, and reduced Al-induced increments of cell wall polysaccharides in the TZ. The similar distribution patterns of Al and Si in the cell wall indicated that Si might detoxify Al by forming hydroxyaluminumsilicates in the apoplast of the root-apex TZ. Moreover, the wall-bound form of Si reduced Al binding sites, thereby reducing the capability of Al bound to the cell wall. These results suggest that Si-mediated cell wall modification in the TZ alleviates Al-induced root-growth inhibition in rice involving the promotion of cell wall extensibility and the decrease of Al accumulation in the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Effects of Liming on the Morphologies and Nutrients of Different Functional Fine Roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata Seedlings. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidification is an important cause of the productivity decline of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook)—one of the most important timber species in China. Although liming is an effective measure for reversing the effects of soil acidification, the effects on the morphologies and nutrients of different functional roots remain ambiguous. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of liming on fine root traits of Chinese fir seedlings between two root function types (absorptive roots (AR) and transport roots (TR)). Chinese fir seedlings with equal performance were planted in each pot with two acidification soils (pH 3.6 and pH 4.3) and three levels of liming (0, 1000, and 4000 kg CaO ha−1). Our data showed that liming had no effect on the root biomass (RB) of AR and TR in mildly acidified soil, but it decreased the RB in severely acidified soil. Specific root length (SRL) of AR and TR were significantly increased by 24% and 27% with a high liming dose in mildly acidified soil, respectively. The specific root areas (SRA) of AR and TR were significantly increased by 10% and 22% with a high liming dose in mildly acidified soil, respectively. Furthermore, root N concentrations were significantly increased by 26% and 30% in AR and TR with a high liming dose in mildly acidified soil, respectively. Root P concentration of AR was significantly increased by 21% with a high liming dose in mildly acidified soil while root Ca concentration was significantly increased with all treatments. A similar trend was also observed in the Ca/Al ratio of roots. Both low and high doses of liming decreased the root Al concentration of AR by 26% and 31% in mildly acidified soil, respectively; however, there was no significant effect on TR in both soils. Our findings indicated that liming could alleviate Al toxicity to fine roots and increase root investment efficiency and absorption capacity. Liming also had coordinate effects on SRL, SRA, Root tissue density (RTD), N, P, Ca and Ca/Al between AR and TR. Our study suggested that to gain a comprehensive understanding of plant growth strategy, researchers in future studies must consider different functional roots rather than just the absorption part. Our results also revealed that the root system became more “acquisitive” due to the remediation of Al toxicity, which may be an important mechanism underlying the increment of the productivity of Chinese fir plantations undergoing liming.
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Hao J, Peng A, Li Y, Zuo H, Li P, Wang J, Yu K, Liu C, Zhao S, Wan X, Pittman JK, Zhao J. Tea plant roots respond to aluminum-induced mineral nutrient imbalances by transcriptional regulation of multiple cation and anion transporters. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:203. [PMID: 35439932 PMCID: PMC9017051 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages in the world for its flavors and numerous health benefits. The tea tree (Camellia sinensis L.) is a well-known aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator. However, it is not fully understood how tea plants have adapted to tolerate high concentrations of Al, which causes an imbalance of mineral nutrition in the roots. RESULTS Here, we combined ionomic and transcriptomic profiling alongside biochemical characterization, to probe the changes of metal nutrients and Al responsive genes in tea roots grown under increasing concentrations of Al. It was found that a low level of Al (~ 0.4 mM) maintains proper nutrient balance, whereas a higher Al concentration (2.5 mM) compromised tea plants by altering micro- and macro-nutrient accumulation into roots, including a decrease in calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and magnesium (Mg) and an increase in iron (Fe), which corresponded with oxidative stress, cellular damage, and retarded root growth. Transcriptome analysis revealed more than 1000 transporter genes that were significantly changed in expression upon Al exposure compared to control (no Al) treatments. These included transporters related to Ca and Fe uptake and translocation, while genes required for N, P, and S nutrition in roots did not significantly alter. Transporters related to organic acid secretion, together with other putative Al-tolerance genes also significantly changed in response to Al. Two of these transporters, CsALMT1 and CsALS8, were functionally tested by yeast heterologous expression and confirmed to provide Al tolerance. CONCLUSION This study shows that tea plant roots respond to high Al-induced mineral nutrient imbalances by transcriptional regulation of both cation and anion transporters, and therefore provides new insights into Al tolerance mechanism of tea plants. The altered transporter gene expression profiles partly explain the imbalanced metal ion accumulation that occurred in the Al-stressed roots, while increases to organic acid and Al tolerance gene expression partly explains the ability of tea plants to be able to grow in high Al containing soils. The improved transcriptomic understanding of Al exposure gained here has highlighted potential gene targets for breeding or genetic engineering approaches to develop safer tea products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Anqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Hao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Keke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Chun Liu
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Jon K. Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 China
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15
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Zhu X, Wang P, Bai Z, Herde M, Ma Y, Li N, Liu S, Huang CF, Cui R, Ma H, Zhang M, Wang H, Wei T, Quan T, Zhang W, Liu C, Zhang T, Yang ZB. Calmodulin-like protein CML24 interacts with CAMTA2 and WRKY46 to regulate ALMT1-dependent Al resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2471-2487. [PMID: 34665465 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (ALMT1)-mediated malate exudation from roots is critical for aluminium (Al) resistance in Arabidopsis. Its upstream molecular signalling regulation is not yet well understood. The role of CALMODULIN-LIKE24 (CML24) in Al-inhibited root growth and downstream molecular regulation of ALMT1-meditaed Al resistance was investigated. CML24 confers Al resistance demonstrated by an increased root-growth inhibition of the cml24 loss-of-function mutant under Al stress. This occurs mainly through the regulation of the ALMT1-mediated malate exudation from roots. The mutation and overexpression of CML24 leads to an elevated and reduced Al accumulation in the cell wall of roots, respectively. Al stress induced both transcript and protein abundance of CML24 in root tips, especially in the transition zone. CML24 interacts with CALMODULIN BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR2 (CAMTA2) and promotes its transcriptional activity in the regulation of ALMT1 expression. This results in an enhanced malate exudation from roots and less root-growth inhibition under Al stress. Both CML24 and CAMTA2 interacted with WRKY46 suppressing the transcriptional repression of ALMT1 by WRKY46. The study provides novel insights into understanding of the upstream molecular signalling of the ALMT1-depdendent Al resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhimin Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Yanqi Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Na Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao-Feng Huang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongxiu Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tiandi Wei
- School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Taiyong Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhong-Bao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
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Squadrone S, Brizio P, Griglione A, Falsetti S, Curcio A, Abete MC. Aluminium occurrence in plant feed from Northwestern Italy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126850. [PMID: 34479100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminium (Al) is widespread in nature, but the main route of exposure for humans and animals is through food. Cereals and vegetables give and important contribute to dietary intake. This investigation focused on the occurrence aluminium in raw materials intended for animal consumption. In fact, Al is not included in the official monitoring programs, and little or no data are still available about its presence in feed or plant material. METHODS Rice, wheat, corn, barley, rye, triticale, oats, and soy samples were collected in Northwestern Italy in an area characterized by clayey soil rich in aluminium silicates. Samples were subjected to homogenization and microwave acid digestion and Al was quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). RESULTS Different aluminium concentrations were found in the analyzed raw materials: soy (89 mg kg-1) > rye > rice > oat > triticale > barley > wheat > corn (2.9 mg kg-1). In this study, Al concentrations were found higher than those reported for same matrices in other UE and non-EU countries, especially in rice and soy. CONCLUSIONS Al concentrations were related to the soil geological feature and to the physiological characteristics of the plant species. These two factors must be carefully considered for a reliable evaluation of aluminium exposure through feed and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Brizio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Griglione
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Falsetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Curcio
- ASL BI Local Veterinary Service Veterinary Biella, BI, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
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Zhang T, Zhang W, Li D, Zhou F, Chen X, Li C, Yu S, Brestic M, Liu Y, Yang X. Glycinebetaine: a versatile protectant to improve rice performance against aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2397-2407. [PMID: 34524480 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycinebetaine alleviates the detrimental effects of aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation, maintaining PSII activity, and activating the oxidative defence, thereby maintaining the growth and development of rice. Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the primary growth-limiting factors that limits plant growth and crop productivity in acidic soils. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants are susceptible to Al stress and do not naturally accumulate glycinebetaine (GB), one of the most effective protectants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether exogenous GB can ameliorate the detrimental effects of Al stress on rice plants. Our results showed that the growth, development and biomass of rice were clearly inhibited under Al stress. However, exogenous GB application increased rice shoot growth and photosynthetic pigments contents, maintained photosystem II (PSII) activity, and activated the antioxidant defence system under Al stress. More importantly, GB may mediate the expression of Al uptake- and translocation-related genes, including OsALS1, OsNrat1, OsSTAR1 and OsSTAR2, and the galacturonic acid contents in rice roots under Al stress. Therefore, our findings highlight exogenous GB application is a valid approach to effectively combat Al toxicity by regulating physiological and biochemical processes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Daxing Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Sang Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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18
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Li Y, Ye H, Song L, Vuong TD, Song Q, Zhao L, Shannon JG, Li Y, Nguyen HT. Identification and characterization of novel QTL conferring internal detoxification of aluminium in soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4993-5009. [PMID: 33893801 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity inhibits soybean root growth, leading to insufficient water and nutrient uptake. Two soybean lines ('Magellan' and PI 567731) were identified differing in Al tolerance, as determined by primary root length ratio, total root length ratio, and root tip number ratio under Al stress. Serious root necrosis was observed in PI 567731, but not in Magellan under Al stress. An F8 recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Magellan and PI 567731 was used to map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Al tolerance. Three QTL on chromosomes 3, 13, and 20, with tolerant alleles from Magellan, were identified. qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20 explained large phenotypic variations (13-27%) and helped maintain root elongation and initiation under Al stress. In addition, qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20 were confirmed in near-isogenic backgrounds and were identified to epistatically regulate Al tolerance via internal detoxification instead of Al3+ exclusion. Phylogenetic and pedigree analysis identified the tolerant alleles of both loci derived from the US ancestral line, A.K.[FC30761], originally from China. Our results provide novel genetic resources for breeding Al-tolerant soybean and suggest that internal detoxification contributes to soybean tolerance to excessive soil Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Heng Ye
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Li Song
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tri D Vuong
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Grover Shannon
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO, USA
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Kar D, Pradhan AA, Datta S. The role of solute transporters in aluminum toxicity and tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:638-652. [PMID: 32951202 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aluminum ions (Al3+ ) under acidic soil conditions inhibits primary root elongation and hinders plant growth and productivity. Al3+ alters the membrane potential, displaces critical ions in the apoplast and disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations by targeting membrane-localized solute transporters. Here, we provide an overview of how Al3+ affects the activities of several solute transporters especially in the root. High Al3+ level impairs the functions of potassium (K+ ), calcium (Ca2+ ), magnesium (Mg2+ ), nitrate (NO3 - ) and ammonium (NH4 + ) transporters. We further discuss the role of some key transporters in mediating Al tolerance either by exclusion or sequestration. Anion channels responsible for organic acid efflux modulate the sensitivity to Al3+ . The ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER (ALMT) and MULTIDRUG AND TOXIC COMPOUND EXTRUSION (MATE) family of transporters exude malate and citrate, respectively, to the rhizosphere to alleviate Al toxicity by Al exclusion. The ABC transporters, aquaporins and H+ -ATPases perform vacuolar sequestration of Al3+ , leading to aluminum tolerance in plants. Targeting these solute transporters in crop plants can help generating aluminum-tolerant crops in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, India
| | - Ajar Anupam Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, India
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20
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Sadhukhan A, Agrahari RK, Wu L, Watanabe T, Nakano Y, Panda SK, Koyama H, Kobayashi Y. Expression genome-wide association study identifies that phosphatidylinositol-derived signalling regulates ALUMINIUM SENSITIVE3 expression under aluminium stress in the shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110711. [PMID: 33288018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To identify unknown regulatory mechanisms leading to aluminium (Al)-induction of the Al tolerance gene ALS3, we conducted an expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) for ALS3 in the shoots of 95 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in the presence of Al. The eGWAS was conducted using a mixed linear model with 145,940 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the association results were validated using reverse genetics. We found that many SNPs from the eGWAS were associated with genes related to phosphatidylinositol metabolism as well as stress signal transduction, including Ca2+signals, inter-connected in a co-expression network. Of these, PLC9, CDPK32, ANAC071, DIR1, and a hypothetical protein (AT4G10470) possessed amino acid sequence/ gene expression level polymorphisms that were significantly associated with ALS3 expression level variation. Furthermore, T-DNA insertion mutants of PLC9, CDPK32, and ANAC071 suppressed shoot ALS3 expression in the presence of Al. This study clarified the regulatory mechanisms of ALS3 expression in the shoot and provided genetic evidence of the involvement of phosphatidylinositol-derived signal transduction under Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Sadhukhan
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Raj Kishan Agrahari
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Liujie Wu
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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21
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Dai B, Chen C, Liu Y, Liu L, Qaseem MF, Wang J, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptomic Responses of Neolamarckia cadamba to Aluminum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9624. [PMID: 33348765 PMCID: PMC7767006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is the most abundant metal of the Earth's crust accounting for 7% of its mass, and release of toxic Al3+ in acid soils restricts plant growth. Neolamarckia cadamba, a fast-growing tree, only grows in tropical regions with acidic soils. In this study, N. cadamba was treated with high concentrations of aluminum under acidic condition (pH 4.5) to study its physiological, biochemical, and molecular response mechanisms against high aluminum stress. High aluminum concentration resulted in significant inhibition of root growth with time in N. cadamba. The concentration of Al3+ ions in the root tip increased significantly and the distribution of absorbed Al3+ was observed in the root tip after Al stress. Meanwhile, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe was significantly decreased, but P concentration increased. Aluminum stress increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase from micrococcus lysodeiktic (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in the root tip, while the content of MDA was decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed 37,478 differential expression genes (DEGs) and 4096 GOs terms significantly associated with treatments. The expression of genes regulating aluminum transport and abscisic acid synthesis was significantly upregulated; however, the genes involved in auxin synthesis were downregulated. Of note, the transcripts of several key enzymes affecting lignin monomer synthesis in phenylalanine pathway were upregulated. Our results shed light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of aluminum stress tolerance in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojia Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China;
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center & College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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22
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A chromogenic and fluorescence turn-on sensor for the selective and sensitive recognition of Al3+ ions – A new approach by Schiff base derivative as probe. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Yamashita H, Fukuda Y, Yonezawa S, Morita A, Ikka T. Tissue ionome response to rhizosphere pH and aluminum in tea plants ( Camellia sinensis L.), a species adapted to acidic soils. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:152-164. [PMID: 37283727 PMCID: PMC10168086 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The growth of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) is promoted by the presence of aluminum (Al), a beneficial element under acidic conditions, but the influence of rhizosphere pH on this interaction is not known. To understand the mechanisms underlying the adaptation to acidic rhizosphere conditions, we evaluated ionome profiles and the effect of pH on tea growth in hydroponic culture. The optimum pH for tea growth was around pH 4.2, and growth was inferior under a pH less than 3.8 or higher than 5.0. Under the optimum pH growth and Al accumulation were markedly stimulated by Al treatment. Al content and accumulation in new and mature leaves and new roots (the predominant tissues that accumulate minerals in tea plants) gradually declined with decrease in pH, especially in new roots. Ionome profiles drastically altered Al treatment, but changes were more pronounced in new roots than in new or mature leaves and did not depend on pH. Although the uptake of most cationic minerals in new roots was decreased by Al treatment, cationic mineral contents in new and mature leaves were not decreased by Al. In contrast to other plant species, the content and accumulation of manganese, despite it being a cationic nutrient, were significantly increased by Al treatment. These results indicated that one role of Al as a beneficial element was to maintain the shoot nutrient status by effectively utilizing Al-limited elements in the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yamashita
- Faculty of AgricultureShizuoka UniversityOhyaShizuokaJapan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceGifu UniversityYanagito, GifuJapan
| | - Yusuke Fukuda
- Faculty of AgricultureShizuoka UniversityOhyaShizuokaJapan
| | | | - Akio Morita
- Faculty of AgricultureShizuoka UniversityOhyaShizuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Ikka
- Faculty of AgricultureShizuoka UniversityOhyaShizuokaJapan
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24
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Sami A, Shah FA, Abdullah M, Zhou X, Yan Y, Zhu Z, Zhou K. Melatonin mitigates cadmium and aluminium toxicity through modulation of antioxidant potential in Brassica napus L. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:679-690. [PMID: 32003103 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has emerged as an essential molecule in plants, due to its role in defence against metal toxicity. Aluminium (Al) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity inhibit rapeseed seedling growth. In this study, we applied different doses of melatonin (50 and 100 µm) to alleviate Al (25 µm) and Cd (25 µm) stress in rapeseed seedlings. Results show that Al and Cd caused toxicity in rapeseed seedling, as evidenced by a decrease in height, biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity. Melatonin increased the expression of melatonin biosynthesis-related Brassica napus genes for caffeic acid O-methyl transferase (BnCOMT) under Al and Cd stress. The genes BnCOMT-1, BnCOMT-5 and BnCOMT-8 showed up-regulated expression, while BnCOMT-4 and BnCOMT-6 were down-regulated during incubation in water. Melatonin application increased the germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. Melatonin supplementation under Al and Cd stress increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, as well as photosynthesis rate. Both Cd and Al treatments significantly increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in rapeseed seedlings, which were strictly counterbalanced by melatonin. Analysis of Cd and Al in different subcellular compartments showed that melatonin enhanced cell wall and soluble fractions, but reduced the vacuolar and organelle fractions in Al- and Cd-treated seedlings. These results suggest that melatonin-induced improvements in antioxidant potential, biomass, photosynthesis rate and successive Cd and Al sequestration play a pivotal role in plant tolerance to Al and Cd stress. This mechanism may have potential implications in safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sami
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - F A Shah
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - M Abdullah
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - X Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Y Yan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Z Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - K Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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25
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Sun C, Lv T, Huang L, Liu X, Jin C, Lin X. Melatonin ameliorates aluminum toxicity through enhancing aluminum exclusion and reestablishing redox homeostasis in roots of wheat. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12642. [PMID: 32092171 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a universal regulator modulating plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. The alteration and potential roles of melatonin in mediating aluminum (Al) tolerance were investigated in two wheat genotypes differing in Al resistance. Using the high-resolution mass spectrometry, we observed that melatonin contents in Xi Aimai-1 were 1.7-fold higher than that in Yangmai-5. Application of melatonin conferred Al resistance in both genotypes. Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidants. Additionally, melatonin treatment decreased root tip-Al contents by 19.0% and 15.5% in Xi Aimai-1 and Yangmai-5, respectively. Malate efflux, however, was not altered by melatonin under Al stress. The amount of cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activity was significantly increased by Al treatment; but suppressed by melatonin. Melatonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA, significantly increased the amount of the Al binding in cell walls of the tolerant genotype, whereas exogenous melatonin decreased cell wall Al content in the sensitive genotype. These results suggest that melatonin alleviated Al toxicity through augmenting antioxidants and inducing antioxidant enzymes to control ROS and enhancing exclusion of Al from root apex by altering cell wall polysaccharides in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Lü XP, Gao HJ, Zhang L, Wang YP, Shao KZ, Zhao Q, Zhang JL. Dynamic responses of Haloxylon ammodendron to various degrees of simulated drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:121-131. [PMID: 30889477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Haloxylon ammodendron, a C4 perennial, succulent and xero-halophytic shrub, is highly resistant to harsh environments, therefore, exploring the stress resistance mechanism will be beneficial for the use of xerophytes to prevent desertification. To determine osmotic adjustment (OA) and antioxidase functions under simulated drought stress, 8-week-old seedlings were treated with sorbitol solutions to maintain osmotic potentials (Ψs) at a control and -0.5 and -1.0 MPa. Under -0.5 MPa osmotic stress, H. ammodendron stably maintained the water content of assimilating branches, a result that was not significantly different from the result of the control group. Moreover, the Ψs decreased significantly, which helped plants absorb water efficiently from the environment, as H. ammodendron accumulated massive osmotic regulators in its assimilating branches to adjust shoot Ψs. Specifically, the contribution of Na+ to shoot Ψs was up to 45%, and Na+ became the main osmotic regulator of OA. During the treatments, the content and contribution of K+ remained stable. However, the total contribution of three organic osmotic regulators (free proline, betaine and soluble sugar) was only 20%, and betaine was the main organic osmotic regulator, accounting for approximately 15% of the 20% contribution. Moreover, H. ammodendron seedlings presented strong antioxidases, especially when there was a high activity level of superoxide dismutase, and with an increase in treatment time and degree of osmotic stress, the activity of peroxidase and catalase increased significantly. Substantial accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances was an important strategy for H. ammodendron to cope with simulated drought stress, in particular, H. ammodendron absorbed much Na+ and transported Na+ into the assimilating branch for OA. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species by antioxidases was another adaptation strategy for H. ammodendron to adapt to simulated drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Pei Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yong-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Kun-Zhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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27
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Zhu XF, Zhang XL, Dong XY, Shen RF. Carbon Dioxide Improves Phosphorus Nutrition by Facilitating the Remobilization of Phosphorus From the Shoot Cell Wall in Rice ( Oryza sativa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:665. [PMID: 31191579 PMCID: PMC6541036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) starvation leads to increased reutilization of cell wall P in rice (Oryza sativa). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is involved not only in plant growth and development but also in the response to abiotic stresses. However, it remains unclear whether CO2 affects the reutilization of cell wall P in rice when subjected to P deficiency. In the present study, elevated CO2 (600 μl·L-1) significantly increased the soluble P content in shoots when compared with ambient CO2 (400 μl·L-1). This positive effect was accompanied by an increase of pectin content, as well as an increase of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, which results in P release from the shoot cell wall, making it available for plant growth. P deficiency significantly induced the expression of phosphate transporter genes (OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT8) and decreased the P content in the xylem sap, but elevated CO2 had no further effect, indicating that the increased soluble P content observed in shoots under elevated CO2 is attributable to the reutilization of shoot cell wall P. Elevated CO2 further increased the P deficiency-induced ethylene production in the shoots, and the addition of the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) mimicked this effect, while the addition of the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) abolished this effect. These results further support the role of ethylene in the alleviation of P deficiency under elevated CO2. Taken together, our results indicate that the improvement of P nutrition in rice by elevated CO2 is mediated by increasing the shoot cell wall pectin content and PME activity, possibly via the ethylene signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Zhu CQ, Cao XC, Zhu LF, Hu WJ, Hu AY, Abliz B, Bai ZG, Huang J, Liang QD, Sajid H, Li YF, Wang LP, Jin QY, Zhang JH. Boron reduces cell wall aluminum content in rice (Oryza sativa) roots by decreasing H 2O 2 accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 138:80-90. [PMID: 30852240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When boron (B) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity co-exist in acidic soils, crop productivity is limited. In the current study, we found that 3 μM of B pretreatment significantly enhances rice root elongation under Al toxicity conditions. Pretreatment with B significantly decreases the deposition of Al in rice apoplasts, suppresses the synthesis of cell wall pectin, inhibits cell wall pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and its gene expression, and increases the expression of OsSTAR1 and OsSTAR2, which are responsible for reducing the Al content in the cell walls. In addition, B pretreatment significantly increases OsALS1 expression, thereby facilitating the transfer of Al from the cytoplasm to the vacuoles. However, B pretreatment had no effect on Al uptake and citric acid secretion. Pretreatment with B significantly increases the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), thus increasing the elimination rate of H2O2 in rice roots. Co-treatment using B and H2O2 does not increase root growth under Al toxicity conditions; it also improves pectin synthesis, enhances PME activity, and increases Al deposition in root cell walls. However, the co-treatment of B and H2O2 scavenger 4-hydroxy-TEMPO has an opposite effect. The above results indicate that applying B fertilizers in acidic soil can help decrease the side effects of Al toxicity on rice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China
| | - Buhailiqem Abliz
- Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hussain Sajid
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ye Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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29
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Fan W, Xu JM, Wu P, Yang ZX, Lou HQ, Chen WW, Jin JF, Zheng SJ, Yang JL. Alleviation by abscisic acid of Al toxicity in rice bean is not associated with citrate efflux but depends on ABI5-mediated signal transduction pathways. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:140-154. [PMID: 29975451 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of aluminum (Al) toxicity, which severely inhibits root growth in acidic soils, plants rapidly alter their gene expression to optimize physiological fitness for survival. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been suggested as a mediator between Al stress and gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated ABA-mediated Al-stress responses, using integrated physiological and molecular biology approaches. We demonstrate that Al stress caused ABA accumulation in the root apex of rice bean (Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi & Ohashi), which positively regulated Al tolerance. However, this was not associated with known Al-tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nearly one-third of the responsive genes were shared between the Al-stress and ABA treatments. We further identified a transcription factor, ABI5, as being positively involved in Al tolerance. Arabidopsis abi5 mutants displayed increased sensitivity to Al, which was not related to the regulation of AtALMT1 and AtMATE expression. Functional categorization of ABI5-mediated genes revealed the importance of cell wall modification and osmoregulation in Al tolerance, a finding supported by osmotic stress treatment on Al tolerance. Our results suggest that ABA signal transduction pathways provide an additional layer of regulatory control over Al tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhi Xin Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - He Qiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou, Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jian Fen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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30
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Zyablitsin AV, Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Bolsheva NL, Rozhmina TA, Muravenko OV, Fedorova MS, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV, Melnikova NV. CAX3 Gene is Involved in Flax Response to High Soil Acidity and Aluminum Exposure. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Zhao XQ, Shen RF. Aluminum-Nitrogen Interactions in the Soil-Plant System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:807. [PMID: 29967630 PMCID: PMC6016016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust and is not an essential element for plant growth. In contrast, nitrogen (N) is the most important mineral element for plant growth, but this non-metal is often present at low levels in soils, and plants are often N deficient. Aluminum toxicity is dominant in acid soils, and so plants growing in acid soils have to overcome both Al toxicity and N limitation. Because of low N-use efficiency, large amounts of N fertilizers are applied to crop fields to achieve high yields, leading to soil acidification and potential Al toxicity. Aluminum lowers plant N uptake and N-use efficiency because Al inhibits root growth. Although numerous studies have investigated the interactions between Al and N, a complete review of these studies was lacking. This review describes: (1) the link between plant Al tolerance and ammonium/nitrate (NH4+/NO3-) preference; (2) the effects of NH4+/NO3- and pH on Al toxicity; (3) the effects of Al on soil N transformations; and (4) the effects of Al on NH4+/NO3- uptake and assimilation by plants. Acid soils are characterized chemically by a relatively high ratio of NH4+ to NO3- and high concentrations of toxic Al. Aluminum-tolerant plants generally prefer NH4+ as an N source, while Al-sensitive plants prefer NO3-. Compared with NO3-, NH4+ increases the solubilization of toxic Al into soil solutions, but NH4+ generally alleviates Al phytotoxicity under solution culture because the protons from NH4+ compete with Al3+ for adsorption sites on the root surface. Plant NO3- uptake and nitrate reductase activity are both inhibited by Al, while plant NH4+ uptake is inhibited to a smaller degree than NO3-. Together, the results of numerous studies indicate that there is a synergistic interaction between plant Al tolerance and NH4+ nutrition. This has important implications for the adaptation of plants to acid soils that are dominated chemically by toxic Al as well as NH4+. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge can be used to increase plant Al tolerance and N-use efficiency in acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Q. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren F. Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Liu MY, Lou HQ, Chen WW, Piñeros MA, Xu JM, Fan W, Kochian LV, Zheng SJ, Yang JL. Two citrate transporters coordinately regulate citrate secretion from rice bean root tip under aluminum stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:809-822. [PMID: 29346835 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-induced organic acid secretion from the root apex is an important Al resistance mechanism. However, it remains unclear how plants fine-tune root organic acid secretion which can contribute significantly to the loss of fixed carbon from the plant. Here, we demonstrate that Al-induced citrate secretion from the rice bean root apex is biphasic, consisting of an early phase with low secretion and a later phase of large citrate secretion. We isolated and characterized VuMATE2 as a possible second citrate transporter in rice bean functioning in tandem with VuMATE1, which we previously identified. The time-dependent kinetics of VuMATE2 expression correlates well with the kinetics of early phase root citrate secretion. Ectopic expression of VuMATE2 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased root citrate secretion and Al resistance. Electrophysiological analysis of Xenopus oocytes expressing VuMATE2 indicated VuMATE2 mediates anion efflux. However, the expression regulation of VuMATE2 differs from VuMATE1. While a protein translation inhibitor suppressed Al-induced VuMATE1 expression, it releases VuMATE2 expression. Yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that a previously identified transcription factor, VuSTOP1, interacts with the VuMATE2 promoter at a GGGAGG cis-acting motif. Thus, we demonstrate that plants adapt to Al toxicity by fine-tuning root citrate secretion with two separate root citrate transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - He Qiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Miguel A Piñeros
- Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health (USDA-ARS), Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jia Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Baquy MAA, Li JY, Shi RY, Kamran MA, Xu RK. Higher cation exchange capacity determined lower critical soil pH and higher Al concentration for soybean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6980-6989. [PMID: 29273987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low soil pH and aluminum (Al) toxicity induced by soil acidification are the main obstacles in many regions of the world for crop production. The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanisms on how the properties of the soils derived from different parent materials play role on the determination of critical soil pH and Al concentration for soybean crops. A set of soybean pot experiment was executed in greenhouse with a soil pH gradient as treatment for each of four soils to fulfill the objectives of this study. The results indicated that plant growth parameters were affected adversely due to Al toxicity at low soil pH level in all soils. The critical soil pH varied with soil type and parent materials. They were 4.38, 4.63, 4.74, and 4.95 in the Alfisol derived from loss deposit, and the Ultisols derived from Quaternary red earth, granite, and Tertiary red sandstone, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al was 2.42, 1.82, 1.55, and 1.44 cmolc/kg for the corresponding soils. At 90% yield level, the critical Al saturation was 6.94, 10.36, 17.79, and 22.75% for the corresponding soils. The lower critical soil pH and Al saturation, and higher soil exchangeable Al were mainly due to greater soil CEC and exchangeable base cations. Therefore, we recommended that critical soil pH, soil exchangeable Al, and Al saturation should be considered during judicious liming approach for soybean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdulaha-Al Baquy
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiu-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren-Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Kamran
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China.
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Wan JX, Zhu XF, Wang YQ, Liu LY, Zhang BC, Li GX, Zhou YH, Zheng SJ. Xyloglucan Fucosylation Modulates Arabidopsis Cell Wall Hemicellulose Aluminium binding Capacity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:428. [PMID: 29323145 PMCID: PMC5765015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although xyloglucan (XyG) is reported to bind Aluminium (Al), the influence of XyG fucosylation on the cell wall Al binding capacity and plant Al stress responses is unclear. We show that Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants with reduced AXY3 (XYLOSIDASE1) function and consequent reduced levels of fucosylated XyG are more sensitive to Al than wild-type Col-0 (WT). In contrast, T-DNA insertion mutants with reduced AXY8 (FUC95A) function and consequent increased levels of fucosylated XyG are more Al resistant. AXY3 transcript levels are strongly down regulated in response to 30 min Al treatment, whilst AXY8 transcript levels also repressed until 6 h following treatment onset. Mutants lacking AXY3 or AXY8 function exhibit opposing effects on Al contents of root cell wall and cell wall hemicellulose components. However, there was no difference in the amount of Al retained in the pectin components between mutants and WT. Finally, whilst the total sugar content of the hemicellulose fraction did not change, the altered hemicellulose Al content of the mutants is shown to be a likely consequence of their different XyG fucosylation levels. We conclude that variation in XyG fucosylation levels influences the Al sensitivity of Arabidopsis by affecting the Al-binding capacity of hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Xue Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bao-Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gui-Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shao-Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang J, Zeng B, Mao Y, Kong X, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Rengel Z, Chen Q. Melatonin alleviates aluminium toxicity through modulating antioxidative enzymes and enhancing organic acid anion exudation in soybean. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:961-968. [PMID: 32480624 DOI: 10.1071/fp17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a major chemical constraint limiting plant growth and production on acidic soils. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule that plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. However, there is no knowledge regarding whether melatonin is involved in plant responses to Al stress. Here, we show that optimal concentrations of melatonin could effectively ameliorate Al-induced phytotoxicity in soybean (Glycine max L.). The concentration of melatonin in roots was significantly increased by the 50μM Al treatment. Such an increase in endogenous melatonin coincided with the upregulation of the gene encoding acetyltransferase NSI-like (nuclear shuttle protein-interacting) in soybean roots. Supplementation with low concentrations of melatonin (0.1 and 1μM) conferred Al resistance as evident in partial alleviation of root growth inhibition and decreased H2O2 production: in contrast, high concentrations of melatonin (100 and 200μM) had an opposite effect and even decreased root growth in Al-exposed seedlings. Mitigation of Al stress by the 1μM melatonin root treatment was associated with enhanced activities of the antioxidant enzymes and increased exudation of malate and citrate. In conclusion, melatonin might play a critical role in soybean resistance to Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bingjie Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yawen Mao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinxun Wang
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ye Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resource Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
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Methane enhances aluminum resistance in alfalfa seedlings by reducing aluminum accumulation and reestablishing redox homeostasis. Biometals 2017; 30:719-732. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xu JM, Fan W, Jin JF, Lou HQ, Chen WW, Yang JL, Zheng SJ. Transcriptome Analysis of Al-Induced Genes in Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Root Apex: New Insight into Al Toxicity and Resistance Mechanisms in an Al Accumulating Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1141. [PMID: 28702047 PMCID: PMC5487443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Relying on Al-activated root oxalate secretion, and internal detoxification and accumulation of Al, buckwheat is highly Al resistant. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these processes are still poorly understood. It is well-known that root apex is the critical region of Al toxicity that rapidly impairs a series of events, thus, resulting in inhibition of root elongation. Here, we carried out transcriptome analysis of the buckwheat root apex (0-1 cm) with regards to early response (first 6 h) to Al stress (20 μM), which is crucial for identification of both genes and processes involved in Al toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. We obtained 34,469 unigenes with 26,664 unigenes annotated in the NCBI database, and identified 589 up-regulated and 255 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under Al stress. Functional category analysis revealed that biological processes differ between up- and down-regulated genes, although 'metabolic processes' were the most affected category in both up- and down-regulated DEGs. Based on the data, it is proposed that Al stress affects a variety of biological processes that collectively contributes to the inhibition of root elongation. We identified 30 transporter genes and 27 transcription factor (TF) genes induced by Al. Gene homology analysis highlighted candidate genes encoding transporters associated with Al uptake, transport, detoxification, and accumulation. We also found that TFs play critical role in transcriptional regulation of Al resistance genes in buckwheat. In addition, gene duplication events are very common in the buckwheat genome, suggesting a possible role for gene duplication in the species' high Al resistance. Taken together, the transcriptomic analysis of buckwheat root apex shed light on the processes that contribute to the inhibition of root elongation. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis of both transporter genes and TF genes not only deep our understanding on the responses of buckwheat roots to Al toxicity but provide a good start for functional characterization of genes critical for Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Jian Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - He Qiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, SaskatoonSK, Canada
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, SaskatoonSK, Canada
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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Guo P, Qi YP, Yang LT, Lai NW, Ye X, Yang Y, Chen LS. Root Adaptive Responses to Aluminum-Treatment Revealed by RNA-Seq in Two Citrus Species With Different Aluminum-Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28337215 PMCID: PMC5340773 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of aluminum (Al)-tolerant Citrus sinensis and Al-intolerant Citrus grandis were fertigated daily with nutrient solution containing 0 and 1.0 mM AlCl3●6H2O for 18 weeks. The Al-induced decreases of biomass and root total soluble proteins only occurred in C. grandis, demonstrating that C. sinensis had higher Al-tolerance than C. grandis. Under Al-treatment, C. sinensis roots secreted more citrate and malate than C. grandis ones; less Al was accumulated in C. sinenis than in C. grandis leaves. The Al-induced reduction of phosphorus was lesser in C. sinensis roots and leaves than in C. grandis ones, whereas the Al-induced increase of sulfur was greater in C. sinensis roots and leaves. Using RNA-seq, we isolated 1905 and 2670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from Al-treated C. sinensis than C. grandis roots, respectively. Among these DEGs, only 649 DEGs were shared by the two species. Further analysis suggested that the following several aspects conferred C. sinensis higher Al-tolerance: (a) Al-treated C. sinensis seedlings had a higher external Al detoxification capacity via enhanced Al-induced secretion of organic acid anions, a higher antioxidant capacity and a more efficient chelation system in roots; (b) Al-treated C. sinensis seedlings displayed a higher level of sulfur in roots and leaves possibly due to increased uptake and decreased export of sulfur and a higher capacity to maintain the cellular phosphorus homeostasis by enhancing phosphorus acquisition and utilization; (c) Cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, energy and carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction displayed higher adaptative responses to Al in C. sinensis than in C. grandis roots; (d) More upregulated than downregulated genes related to fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms were isolated from Al-treated C. sinensis roots, but the reverse was the case for Al-treated C. grandis roots. These results provide a platform for further investigating the roles of genes possibly responsible for citrus Al-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical SciencesFuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Ning-Wei Lai
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
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Siecińska J, Nosalewicz A. Aluminium Toxicity to Plants as Influenced by the Properties of the Root Growth Environment Affected by Other Co-Stressors: A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 243:1-26. [PMID: 28005214 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium toxicity to crops depends on the acidity of the soil and specific plant resistance. However, it is also strongly affected by other environmental factors that have to be considered to properly evaluate the resultant effects on plants. Observed weather perturbations and predicted climate changes will increase the probability of co-occurrence of aluminium toxicity and other abiotic stresses.In this review the mechanisms of plant-aluminium interactions are shown to be influenced by soil mineral nutrients, heavy metals, organic matter, oxidative stress and drought. Described effects of aluminium toxicity include: root growth inhibition, reduction in the uptake of mineral nutrients resulting from the inhibition of transport processes through ion channels; epigenetic changes to DNA resulting in gene silencing. Complex processes occurring in the rhizosphere are highlighted, including the role of soil organic matter and aluminium detoxification by mucilage.There is a considerable research gap in the understanding of root growth in the soil environment in the presence of toxic aluminium concentrations as affected by interactions with abiotic stressors. This knowledge is important for the selection of feasible methods aimed at the reduction of negative consequences of crop production in acidic soils affected by adverse growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siecińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Nosalewicz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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Zhou P, Su L, Lv A, Wang S, Huang B, An Y. Gene Expression Analysis of Alfalfa Seedlings Response to Acid-Aluminum. Int J Genomics 2016; 2016:2095195. [PMID: 28074175 PMCID: PMC5198156 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2095195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-Aluminum (Al) is toxic to plants and greatly affects crop production worldwide. To understand the responses of plants to acid soils and Aluminum toxicity, we examined global gene expression using microarray data in alfalfa seedlings with the treatment of acid-Aluminum. 3,926 genes that were identified significantly up- or downregulated in response to Al3+ ions with pH 4.5 treatment, 66.33% of which were found in roots. Their functional categories were mainly involved with phytohormone regulation, reactive oxygen species, and transporters. Both gene ontology (GO) enrichment and KEGG analysis indicated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis played a critical role on defense to Aluminum stress in alfalfa. In addition, we found that transcription factors such as the MYB and WRKY family proteins may be also involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species reactions and flavonoid biosynthesis. Thus, the finding of global gene expression profile provided insights into the mechanisms of plant defense to acid-Al stress in alfalfa. Understanding the key regulatory genes and pathways would be advantageous for improving crop production not only in alfalfa but also in other crops under acid-Aluminum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liantai Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aimin Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shengyin Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201101, China
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Wang P, Yu W, Zhang J, Rengel Z, Xu J, Han Q, Chen L, Li K, Yu Y, Chen Q. Auxin enhances aluminium-induced citrate exudation through upregulation of GmMATE and activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in soybean roots. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:933-940. [PMID: 27474509 PMCID: PMC5055814 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acidic soils. Citrate exudation and activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase are involved in soybean responses to Al stress. Auxin has crucial functions in plant growth and stress responses. However, little is known about possible interactions between auxin and citrate exudation under Al stress. In this study, we elucidated the regulatory roles of IAA in Al-induced citrate exudation in soybean roots. Methods We measured IAA content, Al concentration, citrate exudation, plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, expression of the relevant genes and phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase by integrating physiological characterization and molecular analysis using hydroponically grown soybean. Key Results The concentration of IAA was increased by 25 and 50 μm Al, but decreased to the control level at 200 μm Al. External addition of 50 μm IAA to the root medium containing 25, 50 or 200 μm Al decreased root Al concentration and stimulated Al-induced citrate exudation and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that exogenous IAA enhanced the expression of citrate exudation transporter (GmMATE) but not the plasma membrane H+-ATPase gene. The western blot results suggested that IAA enhanced phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase under Al stress. Conclusions Auxin enhanced Al-induced citrate exudation through upregulation of GmMATE and an increase in phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in soybean roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kunzhi Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yongxiong Yu
- College of Zoological Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
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Poot-Poot W, Rodas-Junco BA, Muñoz-Sánchez JA, Hernández-Sotomayor SMT. Protoplasts: a friendly tool to study aluminum toxicity and coffee cell viability. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1452. [PMID: 27652028 PMCID: PMC5005246 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aluminum toxicity is a major limiting factor with regard to crop production and quality in most acidic soils around the world. We propose the use of C. arabica L. protoplasts to evaluate the toxic effects of aluminum, the nuclear localization of aluminum and propensity of aluminum to cause DNA damage. RESULTS After protoplasts were exposed to aluminum (Al) for varying periods of time (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min), we detected a reduction in protoplast viability. Additionally, we observed a rapid decline in the ability of protoplasts to synthesize DNA following exposure to Al for 30 min. Furthermore, DNA damage was observed after 10 min of treatment with Al. CONCLUSIONS Protoplasts can be used to evaluate the effects of Al upon entry into the cell, which affects the structure of the nucleus. These results indicate that protoplasts provide a useful model for the study Al toxicity at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilberth Poot-Poot
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, YUC Mexico
| | - Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, YUC Mexico
- CONACYT, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte, Km 33.5, Tablaje catastral 13615 Col Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97203 Mérida, YUC Mexico
| | - J. Armando Muñoz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, YUC Mexico
| | - S. M. Teresa Hernández-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, YUC Mexico
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Rouphael Y, Rea E, Cardarelli M, Bitterlich M, Schwarz D, Colla G. Can Adverse Effects of Acidity and Aluminum Toxicity Be Alleviated by Appropriate Rootstock Selection in Cucumber? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1283. [PMID: 27621740 PMCID: PMC5002429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low-pH and aluminum (Al) stresses are the major constraints that limit crop yield in acidic soils. Grafting vegetable elite cultivars onto appropriate rootstocks may represent an effective tool to improve crop tolerance to acidity and Al toxicity. Two greenhouse hydroponic experiments were performed to evaluate growth, yield, biomass production, chlorophyll index, electrolyte leakage, mineral composition, and assimilate partitioning in plant tissues of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. "Ekron") either non-grafted or grafted onto "P360" (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne; E/C) or figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché; E/F). Cucumber plants were cultured in pots and supplied with nutrient solutions having different pH and Al concentrations: pH 6, pH 3.5, pH 3.5 + 1.5 mM Al, and pH 3.5 + 3 mM Al (Experiment 1, 14 days) and pH 6, pH 3.5, and pH 3.5 + 0.75 mM Al (Experiment 2, 67 days). Significant depression in shoot and root biomass was observed in response to acidity and Al concentrations, with Al-stress being more phytotoxic than low pH treatment. Significant decrease in yield, shoot, and root biomass, leaf area, SPAD index, N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B concentration in aerial parts (leaves and stems) in response to low pH with more detrimental effects at pH 3.5 + Al. Grafted E/C plants grown under low pH and Al had higher yield, shoot, and root biomass compared to E/F and non-grafted plants. This better crop performance of E/C plants in response to Al stress was related to (i) a reduced translocation of Al from roots to the shoot, (ii) a better shoot and root nutritional status in K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn concentration, (iii) a higher chlorophyll synthesis, as well as (iv) the ability to maintain cell membrane stability and integrity (lower electrolyte leakage). Data provide insight into the role of grafting on Al stress tolerance in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Elvira Rea
- Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia AgrariaRome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia AgrariaRome, Italy
| | | | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
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Qian L, Chen B, Chen M. Novel Alleviation Mechanisms of Aluminum Phytotoxicity via Released Biosilicon from Rice Straw-Derived Biochars. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29346. [PMID: 27385598 PMCID: PMC4935849 DOI: 10.1038/srep29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing biosilicon and biocarbon in soil via biochar amendment is a novel approach for soil amelioration and pollution remediation. The unique roles of silicon (Si)-rich biochar in aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity alleviation have not been discovered. In this study, the alleviation of Al phytotoxicity to wheat plants (root tips cell death) by biochars fabricated from rice straw pyrolyzed at 400 and 700 °C (RS400 and RS700) and the feedstock (RS100) were studied using a slurry system containing typical acidic soils for a 15-day exposure experiment. The distributions of Al and Si in the slurry solution, soil and plant root tissue were monitored by staining methods, chemical extractions and SEM-EDS observations. We found that the biological sourced silicon in biochars served dual roles in Al phytotoxicity alleviation in acidic soil slurry. On one hand, the Si particles reduced the amount of soil exchangeable Al and prevented the migration of Al to the plant. More importantly, the Si released from biochars synchronously absorbed by the plants and coordinated with Al to form Al-Si compounds in the epidermis of wheat roots, which is a new mechanism for Al phytotoxicity alleviation in acidic soil slurry by biochar amendment. In addition, the steady release of Si from the rice straw-derived biochars was a sustainable Si source for aluminosilicate reconstruction in acidic soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Qian
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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Moustaka J, Ouzounidou G, Bayçu G, Moustakas M. Aluminum resistance in wheat involves maintenance of leaf Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) content, decreased lipid peroxidation and Al accumulation, and low photosystem II excitation pressure. Biometals 2016; 29:611-23. [PMID: 27188757 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phytotoxic aluminum species (Al(3+)) is considered as the primary factor limiting crop productivity in over 40 % of world's arable land that is acidic. We evaluated the responses of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) with differential Al resistance, cv. Yecora E (Al-resistant) and cv. Dio (Al-sensitive), exposed to 0, 37, 74 and 148 μM Al for 14 days in hydroponic culture at pH 4.5. With increasing Al concentration, leaf Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) content decreased, as well as the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Φ PSII ), while a gradual increase in leaf membrane lipid peroxidation, Al accumulation, photoinhibition (estimated as F v /F m ), and PSII excitation pressure (1 - q p ) occurred. However, the Al-resistant cultivar with lower Al accumulation, retained larger concentrations of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in the leaves and kept a larger fraction of the PSII reaction centres (RCs) in an open configuration, i.e. a higher ratio of oxidized to reduced quinone A (QA), than plants of the Al-sensitive cultivar. Four times higher Al concentration in the nutrient solution was required for Al-resistant plants (148 μM Al) than for Al-sensitive (37 μM Al), in order to establish the same closed RCs. Yet, the decline in photosynthetic efficiency in the cultivar Dio was not only due to closure of PSII RCs but also to a decrease in the quantum yield of the open RCs. We suggest that Al(3+) toxicity may be mediated by nutrient deficiency and oxidative stress, and that Al-resistance of the wheat cultivar Yecora E, may be due at least partially, from the decreased Al accumulation that resulted to decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. However, under equal internal Al accumulation (exposure Al concentration: Dio 74 μM, Yecora E 148 μM) that resulted to the same oxidative stress, the reduced PSII excitation pressure and the better PSII functioning of the Al-resistant cultivar was probably due to the larger concentrations of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in the leaves. We propose that the different sensitivities of wheat cultivars to Al(3+) toxicity can be correlated to differences in the redox state of QA. Thus, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements can be a promising tool for rapid screening of Al resistance in wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia Ouzounidou
- Institute of Food Technology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 1 S. Venizelou str., 14123, Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sun C, Lu L, Yu Y, Liu L, Hu Y, Ye Y, Jin C, Lin X. Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:979-89. [PMID: 26663393 PMCID: PMC4737084 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yang-5). We found that Al exposure induced NO accumulation in the root tips. Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yiquan Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Tian Q, Liu N, Bai W, Li L, Chen J, Reich PB, Yu Q, Guo D, Smith MD, Knapp AK, Cheng W, Lu P, Gao Y, Yang A, Wang T, Li X, Wang Z, Ma Y, Han X, Zhang WH. A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with increased nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe. Ecology 2016; 97:65-74. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0917.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology; Beijing Institutes of Life Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Nana Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Linghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment (IceMe); Nanjing 210044 China
- CGCEO/Geography; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48823 USA
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; University of Western Sydney; Penrith New South Wales 2753 Australia
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology; Institute of Applied Ecology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110164 China
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Dali Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling; Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Melinda D. Smith
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Alan K. Knapp
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Weixin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology; Institute of Applied Ecology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110164 China
- Environmental Studies; University of California; Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology; Institute of Applied Ecology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110164 China
| | - Yibing Ma
- National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology; Institute of Applied Ecology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110164 China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology; Beijing Institutes of Life Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
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Sade H, Meriga B, Surapu V, Gadi J, Sunita MSL, Suravajhala P, Kavi Kishor PB. Toxicity and tolerance of aluminum in plants: tailoring plants to suit to acid soils. Biometals 2016; 29:187-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Yu Y, Jin C, Sun C, Wang J, Ye Y, Zhou W, Lu L, Lin X. Inhibition of ethylene production by putrescine alleviates aluminium-induced root inhibition in wheat plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18888. [PMID: 26744061 PMCID: PMC4705537 DOI: 10.1038/srep18888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of root elongation is one of the most distinct symptoms of aluminium (Al) toxicity. Although putrescine (Put) has been identified as an important signaling molecule involved in Al tolerance, it is yet unknown how Put mitigates Al-induced root inhibition. Here, the possible mechanism was investigated by using two wheat genotypes differing in Al resistance: Al-tolerant Xi Aimai-1 and Al-sensitive Yangmai-5. Aluminium caused more root inhibition in Yangmai-5 and increased ethylene production at the root apices compared to Xi Aimai-1, whereas the effects were significantly reversed by ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors. The simultaneous exposure of wheat seedlings to Al and ethylene donor, ethephon, or ethylene biosynthesis precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), increased ethylene production and aggravated root inhibition, which was more pronounced in Xi Aimai-1. In contrast, Put treatment decreased ethylene production and alleviated Al-induced root inhibition in both genotypes, and the effects were more conspicuous in Yangmai-5. Furthermore, our results indicated that Al-induced ethylene production was mediated by ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase, and that Put decreased ethylene production by inhibiting ACS. Altogether, these findings indicate that ethylene is involved in Al-induced root inhibition and this process could be alleviated by Put through inhibiting ACS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Yiquan Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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50
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Liu YY, Song J, Wang M, Li N, Niu CY, Hao GY. Coordination of xylem hydraulics and stomatal regulation in keeping the integrity of xylem water transport in shoots of two compound-leaved tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26209618 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic segmentation between proximal and distal organs has been hypothesized to be an important protective mechanism for plants to minimize the detrimental effects of drought-induced hydraulic failure. Uncertainties still exist regarding the degree of segmentation and the role of stomatal regulation in keeping hydraulic integrity of organs at different hierarchies. In the present study, we measured hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability in stems, compound leaf petioles and leaflet laminas of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. and Juglans mandshurica Maxim. growing in Changbai Mountain of Northeast China to identify the main locality where hydraulic segmentation occurs along the shoot water transport pathway. Stomatal conductance in response to leaf water potential change was also measured to investigate the role of stomatal regulation in avoiding extensive transpiration-induced embolism. No major contrasts were found between stems and compound leaf petioles in either hydraulic conductivity or vulnerability to drought-induced embolism, whereas a large difference in hydraulic vulnerability exists between compound leaf petioles and leaflet laminas. Furthermore, in contrast to the relatively large safety margins in stems (4.13 and 2.04 MPa) and compound leaf petioles (1.33 and 1.93 MPa), leaflet lamina hydraulic systems have substantially smaller or even negative safety margins (-0.17 and 0.47 MPa) in F. mandshurica and J. mandshurica. Under unstressed water conditions, gas exchange may be better optimized by allowing leaflet vascular system function with small safety margins. In the meantime, hydraulic safety of compound leaf petioles and stems are guaranteed by their large safety margins. In facing severe drought stress, larger safety margins in stems than in compound leaf petioles would allow plants to minimize the risk of catastrophic embolism in stems by sacrificing the whole compound leaves. A strong coordination between hydraulic and stomatal regulation appears to play a critical role in balancing the competing efficiency and safety requirements for xylem water transport and use in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Cun-Yang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
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