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Heinrich MA, Huynh NT, Heinrich L, Prakash J. Understanding glioblastoma stromal barriers against NK cell attack using tri-culture 3D spheroid model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24808. [PMID: 38317968 PMCID: PMC10838749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive tumor type with a dismal survival rate, has a poor outcome which is at least partly attributed to the crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment such as astrocytes and microglia. We aimed to decipher the effect of these cells on GBM progression and on cell-based therapies using 3D co-cultures. Co-culturing of glioblastoma cells with patient-derived astrocytes or microglia or both formed dense and heterogeneous spheroids. Both, astrocytes and microglia, enhanced the spheroid growth rate and formed a physical barrier for macromolecules penetration, while only astrocytes enhanced the migration. Interestingly bi-/tri-cultured spheroids showed significant resistance against NK-92 cells, likely attributed to dense stroma and induced expression of immunosuppressive genes such as IDO1 or PTGES2. Altogether, our novel 3D GBM spheroid model recapitulates the cell-to-cell interactions of human glioblastoma and can serve as a suitable platform for evaluating cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Heinrich
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering & Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering & Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Ebrahimi S, Mirzavi F, Hashemy SI, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Stummer W, Gorji A. The in vitro anti-cancer synergy of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, and 5-aminolevulinic acid in glioblastoma. Biofactors 2023; 49:900-911. [PMID: 37092793 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant type of cerebral neoplasm in adults with a poor prognosis. Currently, combination therapy with different anti-cancer agents is at the forefront of GBM research. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the potential anti-cancer synergy of a clinically approved neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a prodrug that elicits fluorescent porphyrins in gliomas on U-87 human GBM cells. We found that aprepitant and 5-ALA effectively inhibited GBM cell viability. The combinatorial treatment of these drugs exerted potent synergistic growth inhibitory effects on GBM cells. Moreover, aprepitant and 5-ALA induced apoptosis and altered the levels of apoptotic genes (up-regulation of Bax and P53 along with downregulation of Bcl-2). Furthermore, aprepitant and 5-ALA increased the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, a highly pro-apoptotic and fluorescent photosensitizer. Aprepitant and 5-ALA significantly inhibited GBM cell migration and reduced matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activities. Importantly, all these effects were more prominent following aprepitant-5-ALA combination treatment than either drug alone. Collectively, the combination of aprepitant and 5-ALA leads to considerable synergistic anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migratory effects on GBM cells and provides a firm basis for further evaluation of this combination as a novel therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Is Essential for the Viability of Human Glioma Cells: A Possible Target for Treating Glioblastoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6291504. [PMID: 35434136 PMCID: PMC9006081 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6291504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma or glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor. Patients have a prognosis of approximately 15 months, despite the current aggressive treatment. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) occurs naturally in human glioma, and it is necessary for the tumor development. Objective The purpose of the study was to increase the knowledge about the involvement of the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system in human glioma. Methods Cellular localization of NK-1R and SP was studied in GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cell lines by immunofluorescence. The contribution of both SP and NK-1R to the viability of these cells was also assessed after applying the tachykinin 1 receptor (TAC1R) or the tachykinin 1 (TAC1) small interfering RNA gene silencing method, respectively. Results Both SP and the NK-1R (full-length and truncated isoforms) were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cells. The presence of full-length NK-1R isoform was mainly observed in the nucleus, while the level of truncated isoform was higher in the cytoplasm. Cell proliferation was decreased when glioma cells were transfected with TAC1R siRNA, but not with TAC1. U-87 MG cells were more sensitive to the effect of the TAC1R inhibition than GAMG cells. The decrease in the number of glioma cells after silencing of the TAC1R siRNA gene was due to apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. In human primary fibroblast cultured cells, TAC1R silencing by siRNA did not produce any change in cell viability. Conclusions Our results show for the first time that the expression of the TAC1R gene (NK-1R) is essential for the viability of GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cells. On the contrary, the TAC1R gene is not essential for the viability of normal cells, confirming that NK-1R could be a promising and specific therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant: An Intelligent Bullet against Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092682. [PMID: 32962202 PMCID: PMC7564414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonists exert antitumor action, are safe and do not cause serious side-effects. These antagonists (via the NK-1R) exert multiple actions against cancer: antiproliferative and anti-Warburg effects and apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and antimetastatic effects. These multiple effects have been shown for a broad spectrum of cancers. The drug aprepitant (an NK-1R antagonist) is currently used in clinical practice as an antiemetic. In in vivo and in vitro studies, aprepitant also showed the aforementioned multiple antitumor actions against many types of cancer. A successful combination therapy (aprepitant and radiotherapy) has recently been reported in a patient suffering from lung carcinoma: the tumor mass disappeared and side-effects were not observed. Aprepitant could be considered as an intelligent bullet against cancer. The administration of aprepitant in cancer patients to prevent recurrence and metastasis after surgical procedures, thrombosis and thromboembolism is discussed, as is the possible link, through the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system, between cancer and depression. Our main aim is to review the multiple antitumor actions exerted by aprepitant, and the use of this drug is suggested in cancer patients. Altogether, the data support the reprofiling of aprepitant for a new therapeutic use as an antitumor agent.
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The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant, a New Drug for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies: Focus on Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061659. [PMID: 32492831 PMCID: PMC7355887 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy. To treat the disease successfully, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. One of these strategies can be the use of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonists (e.g., aprepitant), because the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system is involved in cancer progression, including AML. AML patients show an up-regulation of the NK-1R mRNA expression; human AML cell lines show immunoreactivity for both SP and the NK-1R (it is overexpressed: the truncated isoform is more expressed than the full-length form) and, via this receptor, SP and NK-1R antagonists (aprepitant, in a concentration-dependent manner) respectively exert a proliferative action or an antileukemic effect (apoptotic mechanisms are triggered by promoting oxidative stress via mitochondrial Ca++ overload). Aprepitant inhibits the formation of AML cell colonies and, in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, is more effective in inducing cytotoxic effects and AML cell growth blockade. NK-1R antagonists also exert an antinociceptive effect in myeloid leukemia-induced bone pain. The antitumor effect of aprepitant is diminished when the NF-κB pathway is overactivated and the damage induced by aprepitant in cancer cells is higher than that exerted in non-cancer cells. Thus, the SP/NK-1R system is involved in AML, and aprepitant is a promising antitumor strategy against this hematological malignancy. In this review, the involvement of this system in solid and non-solid tumors (in particular in AML) is updated and the use of aprepitant as an anti-leukemic strategy for the treatment of AML is also mentioned (a dose of aprepitant (>20 mg/kg/day) for a period of time according to the response to treatment is suggested). Aprepitant is currently used in clinical practice as an anti-nausea medication.
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Muñoz M, Coveñas R. Glioma and Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists: A New Therapeutic Approach. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:92-100. [PMID: 29692265 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180420165401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, the most lethal and frequent primary brain tumor is glioblastoma. Despite multimodal aggressive therapies, the median survival time after diagnosis is around 15 months. In part, this is due to the blood-brain barrier that restricts common treatments (e.g., chemotherapy). Unfortunately, glioma recurs in 90% of patients. New therapeutic strategies against glioma are urgently required. Substance P (SP), through the neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor, controls cancer cell proliferation by activating c-myc, mitogenactivated protein kinases, activator protein 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Glioma cells overexpress NK-1 receptors when compared with normal cells. The NK-1 receptor/SP system regulates the proliferation/migration of glioma cells and stimulates angiogenesis, triggering inflammation which contributes to glioma progression. In glioma cells, SP favors glycogen breakdown, essential for glycolysis. By contrast, in glioma, NK-1 receptor antagonists block the proliferation of tumor cells and the breakdown of glycogen and also promote the death (apoptosis) of these cells. These antagonists also inhibit angiogenesis and exert antimetastatic and anti-inflammatory actions. OBJECTIVE This review updates the involvement of the NK-1 receptor/SP system in the development of glioma and the potential clinical application of NK-1 receptor antagonists as antiglioma agents. CONCLUSION The NK-1 receptor plays a crucial role in glioma and NK-1 receptor antagonists could be used as anti-glioma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic, Systems (Lab. 14), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Background::Human tumor cells lines and tumor samples overexpress the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). Substance P (SP), after binding to NK-1Rs, induces tumor cell proliferation, an antiapoptotic effect and promotes angiogenesis and the migration of cancer cells for invasion and metastasis.Methods: :In contrast, NK-1R antagonists block the previous pathophysiological actions mediated by SP. These antagonists promote the death of tumor cells by apoptosis. Peptide and non-peptide NK-1R antagonists have been reported.Results: :Peptide NK-1R antagonists show chemical modifications of the SP molecule (L-amino acids being replaced by D-amino acids), whereas non-peptide NK-1R antagonists include numerous compounds with different chemical compositions while showing similar stereochemical features (affinity for the NK- 1R). Currently, there are more than 300 NK-1R antagonists.Conclusion::In combination therapy with classic cytostatics, NK-1R antagonists have additive or synergic effects and minimize the side-effects of cytostatics. The effect of NK-1R antagonists as broad-spectrum anticancer drugs is reviewed and the use of these antagonists for the treatment of cancer is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL) University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Zhang YX, Li XF, Yuan GQ, Hu H, Song XY, Li JY, Miao XK, Zhou TX, Yang WL, Zhang XW, Mou LY, Wang R. β-Arrestin 1 has an essential role in neurokinin-1 receptor-mediated glioblastoma cell proliferation and G 2/M phase transition. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8933-8947. [PMID: 28341744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor and has a poor prognosis. Tachykinin receptor neurokinin-1 (NK1R) is a promising target in glioblastoma therapy because of its overexpression in human glioblastoma. NK1R agonists promote glioblastoma cell growth, whereas NK1R antagonists efficiently inhibit cell growth both in vitro and in vivo However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these effects are incompletely understood. β-Arrestins (ARRBs) serve as scaffold proteins and adapters to mediate intracellular signal transduction. Here we show that the ARRB1-mediated signaling pathway is essential for NK1-mediated glioblastoma cell proliferation. ARRB1 knockdown significantly inhibited NK1-mediated glioblastoma cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. ARRB1 knockdown cells showed remarkable down-regulation of CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 activity. We also demonstrated that ARRB1 mediated prolonged phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in glioblastoma cells induced by NK1R activation. ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation are involved in regulating CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 activity. The lack of long-term ERK1/2 and Akt activation in ARRB1 knockdown cells was at least partly responsible for the delayed cell cycle progression and proliferation. Moreover, we found that ARRB1-mediated ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation regulated the transcriptional activity of both NF-κB and AP-1, which were involved in cyclin B1 expression. ARRB1 deficiency increased the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to the treatment of NK1R antagonists. Taken together, our results suggest that ARRB1 plays an essential role in NK1R-mediated cell proliferation and G2/M transition in glioblastoma cells. Interference with ARRB1-mediated signaling via NK1R may have potential significance for therapeutic strategies targeting glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Zhang
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Xiao-Fang Li
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Guo-Qiang Yuan
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Hu
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Xiao-Yun Song
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Xiao-Kang Miao
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Tian-Xiong Zhou
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Wen-Le Yang
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Ling-Yun Mou
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
| | - Rui Wang
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and
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Rangger C, Helbok A, Sosabowski J, Kremser C, Koehler G, Prassl R, Andreae F, Virgolini IJ, von Guggenberg E, Decristoforo C. Tumor targeting and imaging with dual-peptide conjugated multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4659-71. [PMID: 24353415 PMCID: PMC3862508 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant progress in nanotechnology provides a wide spectrum of nanosized material for various applications, including tumor targeting and molecular imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles for targeting approaches and detection of tumors using different imaging modalities. The concept of dual-targeting was tested in vitro and in vivo using liposomes derivatized with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide binding to αvβ3 integrin receptors and a substance P peptide binding to neurokinin-1 receptors. METHODS For liposome preparation, lipids, polyethylene glycol building blocks, DTPA-derivatized lipids for radiolabeling, lipid-based RGD and substance P building blocks and imaging labels were combined in defined molar ratios. Liposomes were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements, and in vitro binding properties were tested using fluorescence microscopy. Standardized protocols for radiolabeling were developed to perform biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) studies in nude mice bearing glioblastoma and/or melanoma tumor xenografts. Additionally, an initial magnetic resonance imaging study was performed. RESULTS Liposomes were radiolabeled with high radiochemical yields. Fluorescence microscopy showed specific cellular interactions with RGD-liposomes and substance P-liposomes. Biodistribution and micro-SPECT/CT imaging of (111)In-labeled liposomal nanoparticles revealed low tumor uptake, but in a preliminary magnetic resonance imaging study with a single-targeted RGD-liposome, uptake in the tumor xenografts could be visualized. CONCLUSION The present study shows the potential of liposomes as multifunctional targeted vehicles for imaging of tumors combining radioactive, fluorescent, and magnetic resonance signaling. Specific in vitro tumor targeting by fluorescence microscopy and radioactivity was achieved. However, biodistribution studies in an animal tumor model revealed only moderate tumor uptake and no additive effect using a dual-targeting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Helbok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Koehler
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Irene J Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Mou L, Kang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng Q, Song H, Wang R. Neurokinin-1 receptor directly mediates glioma cell migration by up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). J Biol Chem 2012; 288:306-18. [PMID: 23166329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) occurs naturally on human glioblastomas. Its activation mediates glioma cell proliferation. However, it is unknown whether NK1R is directly involved in tumor cell migration. In this study, we found human hemokinin-1 (hHK-1), via NK1R, dose-dependently promoted the migration of U-251 and U-87 cells. In addition, we showed that hHK-1 enhanced the activity of MMP-2 and the expression of MMP-2 and MT1-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), which were responsible for cell migration, because neutralizing the MMPs with antibodies decreased cell migration. The involved mechanisms were then investigated. In U-251, hHK-1 induced significant calcium efflux; phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 reduced the calcium mobilization, the up-regulation of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, and the cell migration induced by hHK-1, which meant the migration effect of NK1R was mainly mediated through the G(q)-PLC pathway. We further demonstrated that hHK-1 boosted rapid phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and Akt; inhibition of ERK and Akt effectively reduced MMP-2 induction by hHK-1. Meanwhile, inhibition of ERK, JNK, and Akt reduced the MT1-MMP induction. hHK-1 stimulated significant phosphorylation of p65 and c-JUN in U-251. Reporter gene assays indicated hHK-1 enhanced both AP-1 and NF-κB activity; inhibition of ERK, JNK, and Akt dose-dependently suppressed the NF-κB activity; only the inhibition of ERK significantly suppressed the AP-1 activity. Treatment with specific inhibitors for AP-1 or NF-κB strongly blocked the MMP up-regulation by hHK-1. Taken together, our data suggested NK1R was a potential regulator of human glioma cell migration by the up-regulation of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Mou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Laczko R, Szauter KM, Jansen MK, Hollosi P, Muranyi M, Molnar J, Fong KSK, Hinek A, Csiszar K. Active lysyl oxidase (LOX) correlates with focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/paxillin activation and migration in invasive astrocytes. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007; 33:631-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hamke M, Herpfer I, Lieb K, Wandelt C, Fiebich BL. Substance P induces expression of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 by activation of the neurokinin-1 receptor. Brain Res 2006; 1102:135-44. [PMID: 16806114 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 03/11/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been found to be possibly involved in the etiology of affective and anxiety disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this involvement are still poorly understood. In this study, we used macroarrays to investigate the differential gene expression profile induced by SP, particularly of genes which have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. As a model system, we used the human astrocytoma cell line U373 MG as well as primary rat astroglial cells, which both are known to express functional neurokinin-1 receptors (NK-1-R) and to secret various cytokines upon stimulation with SP. Among several regulated genes, we found that SP (100 and 1000 nM) induced the expression of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1 receptor). Further analyses revealed that this induction was mediated (a) via NK-1-R, as the selective NK-1-R-antagonist L-733,060 (1 microM) strongly inhibited SP-induced CRF1 receptor expression, and (b) intracellularly, by protein kinase C, p42/44 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), as shown by using specific inhibitors of signal transduction pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that SP induces CRF1 receptor expression in cells of the CNS, which may be of potential interest for a better understanding of the interplay between SP and the stress hormone axis and, thus, diseases like affective or anxiety disorders. Further studies are needed to substantiate this link in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytoma
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Substance P/pharmacology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Hamke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical School, Germany
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13
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Berger A, Paige CJ. Hemokinin-1 has Substance P-like function in U-251 MG astrocytoma cells: A pharmacological and functional study. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 164:48-56. [PMID: 15913794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) triggers responses in astrocytoma cells, which are considered important for proliferation and neuroimmunomodulatory activity. In this study, we compared the effects of SP with those of the novel tachykinin Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) in the human astrocytoma cell line U-251 MG. We show that U-251 MG cells express high levels of Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors. The binding affinities of 125I-SP and 125I-mHK-1 to these receptors were in a similar, subnanomolar range. HK-1 and SP stimulated Ca2+ mobilization and induced increased cytokine mRNA expression. A specific NK-1 receptor antagonist blocked the observed effects. We conclude that there are no qualitative differences in SP and HK-1-evoked responses, suggesting that both peptides act through NK-1 receptors in U-251 MG cells. Moreover, we show TAC4 mRNA expression in gliomas, indicating a possible involvement of HK-1 in glioma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Berger
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
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14
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GUO CHANGJIANG, DOUGLAS STEVEND, GAO ZHIYONG, WOLF BRYANA, GRINSPAN JUDITH, LAI JIANPING, RIEDEL ERIC, HO WENZHE. Interleukin-1beta upregulates functional expression of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) via NF-kappaB in astrocytes. Glia 2005; 48:259-66. [PMID: 15390113 PMCID: PMC4016813 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and neuropeptides are modulators of neuroimmunoregulation in the central nervous system (CNS). The interaction of these modulators may have important implications in CNS diseases. We investigated whether interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) modulates the expression of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), the primary receptor for substance P (SP), a potent neuropeptide in the CNS. IL-1beta upregulated NK-1R expression in human astroglioma cells (U87 MG) and primary rat astrocytes at both mRNA and protein levels. IL-1beta treatment of U87 MG cells and primary rat astrocytes led to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) in response to SP stimulation, indicating that IL-1beta-induced NK-1R is functional. CP-96,345, a specific non-peptide NK-1R antagonist, inhibited SP-induced rise of [Ca(2+)](i) in the astroglioma cells. Investigation of the mechanism responsible for IL-1beta action revealed that IL-1beta has the ability of activating nuclear factor-kappab (NF-kappaB). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, not only abrogated IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB promoter activation, but also blocked IL-1beta-mediated induction of NK-1R gene expression. These findings provide additional evidence that there is a biological interaction between IL-1beta and the neuropeptide SP in the CNS, which may have important implications in the inflammatory diseases in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHANG-JIANG GUO
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - STEVEN D. DOUGLAS
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - ZHIYONG GAO
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - BRYAN A. WOLF
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - JUDITH GRINSPAN
- Neurology and Neurology Research, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - JIAN-PING LAI
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - ERIC RIEDEL
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - WEN-ZHE HO
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence to: Wen-Zhe Ho, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
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15
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Palma C, Bigioni M, Irrissuto C, Nardelli F, Maggi CA, Manzini S. Anti-tumour activity of tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists on human glioma U373 MG xenograft. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:480-7. [PMID: 10646908 PMCID: PMC2363296 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes harbour functional receptors to many neurotransmitters, including substance P (SP), an undecapeptide belonging to the tachykinin family of peptide transmitters. SP activates malignant glial cells to induce cytokine release and proliferation, both responses being relevant for tumour progression. In tumours developed in nude mice transplanted subcutaneously (s.c.) to U373 MG human glioma cells, the presence of SP was observed at immunohistochemistry. Although the administration of exogenous SP did not significantly affect the size or development of U373 MG xenograft, a role of SP in supporting glioma progression in vivo was highlighted by the tumour growth inhibition induced by highly specific and selective human tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists (MEN 11467 and MEN 11149). The anti-tumour activity of MEN 11467 was observed both with s.c. or intravenous treatments and was partially reverted by the concomitant administration of exogenous SP. Doxorubicin did not show any activity in controlling U373 MG growth in this in vivo model. A novel therapeutic approach to treat malignant gliomas with tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists is suggested by these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Palma
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Department of Pharmacology, Pomezia, RM, Italy
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