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De Luca SN, Kivivali L, Chong K, Kirby A, Lawther AJ, Nguyen JCD, Hale MW, Kent S. Calorie restriction partially attenuates sickness behavior induced by viral mimetic poly I:C. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114715. [PMID: 37838243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to extend the mean and maximum lifespan in both preclinical and clinical settings. We have previously demonstrated that CR attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and sickness behavior. CR also leads to reductions in pro-inflammatory and increases in anti-inflammatory profiles. LPS is a bacterial mimetic; however, few studies have explored this phenomenon utilizing a viral mimetic, such as polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Dose-dependently, poly I:C induced an increase in core body temperature (Tb), with the largest dose (5000 µg/kg) resulting in a 1.62 °C ( ± 0.23 °C) Tb increase at 7 h post-injection in ad libitum mice and was associated with reduced home-cage locomotor activity. We then investigated the effect of 50% CR for 28 days to attenuate fever and sickness behavior induced by a poly I:C (5000 µg/kg) viral immune challenge. CR resulted in the partial attenuation of fever and sickness behavior measures post-poly I:C. The freely fed, control mice demonstrated a 2.02 °C ( ± 0.22 °C) increase in Tb at 7 h post-injection compared to the CR poly I:C group which demonstrated an increase in Tb of 0.94 °C ( ± 0.27 °C). Locomotor patterns post-injection were different, CR mice displayed a reduction in activity during the light phase, and the control group displayed a reduction during the dark phase. CR moderately attenuated the neuroinflammatory response with a reduction in microglial density in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. The fever and sickness behavior attenuation seen after CR may be driven by similar anti-inflammatory processes as after LPS; however, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N De Luca
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leah Kivivali
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Chong
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice Kirby
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J Lawther
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C D Nguyen
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Kent
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Farooqui A, Anwer A, Alam A, Bagabir SA, Haque S, Khadgawat R, Kazim SN, Ali S, Ishrat R. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor G196A (rs6265) gene polymorphism increases Turner syndrome susceptibility. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36597258 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2164417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the nerve growth factor family. It plays a significant role in the regulation of brain metabolic activity, modification of synaptic efficacy, and enhances neuronal survival. A common naturally occurring allelic variation, i.e. G196A (Val66 Met, rs6265) of the BDNF gene is implicated in neuroplasticity. This study analyzes its expression levels and determines the frequency of BDNF G196A gene polymorphism in women with Turner syndrome (TS) compared to the controls. This case-control study comprised 14 TS patients and 8 healthy individuals. The expression levels of BDNF gene in TS patients were checked by qPCR. For BDNF gene, a dynamic expression range along with the presence of G196A polymorphism was found across all TS patients. The effects of Val66 Met mutation on BDNF protein structure and function were studied by molecular dynamics simulations of wild and mutant (Val66 Met) forms. The analysis of different trajectories generated by simulation showed that there was a significant change in the protein structure due to Val66 Met polymorphism, which might lead to functional impairment. This is first time we are reporting the association of BDNF G196A gene polymorphism with TS risk. Our study suggests that in turner patients, BDNF G196A polymorphism may be an important genetic factor predisposing to neuroplasticity risk and can be exploited as diagnostic/prognostic marker for TS. Further study on a large number of TS samples will prove this point beyond doubts or otherwise enriching the much desired repertoire of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Farooqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha Anwer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajesh Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Naqi Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sher Ali
- VC office, ERA University, Lucknow, India
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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3
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Gordon J, Lockard G, Monsour M, Alayli A, Choudhary H, Borlongan CV. Sequestration of Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease via Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710138. [PMID: 36077534 PMCID: PMC9456021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Insidious and progressive, this disorder is secondary to the gradual loss of dopaminergic signaling and worsening neuroinflammation, affecting patients’ motor capabilities. Gold standard treatment includes exogenous dopamine therapy in the form of levodopa–carbidopa, or surgical intervention with a deep brain stimulator to the subcortical basal ganglia. Unfortunately, these therapies may ironically exacerbate the already pro-inflammatory environment. An alternative approach may involve cell-based therapies. Cell-based therapies, whether endogenous or exogenous, often have anti-inflammatory properties. Alternative strategies, such as exercise and diet modifications, also appear to play a significant role in facilitating endogenous and exogenous stem cells to induce an anti-inflammatory response, and thus are of unique interest to neuroinflammatory conditions including Parkinson’s disease. Treating patients with current gold standard therapeutics and adding adjuvant stem cell therapy, alongside the aforementioned lifestyle modifications, may ideally sequester inflammation and thus halt neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Gordon
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Gavin Lockard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Molly Monsour
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Adam Alayli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Hassan Choudhary
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Fasting in mood disorders and its potential therapeutic aspects -narrative review. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Fasting is defined as a period of voluntary abstinence from eating food for religious, therapeutic or political reasons, which is associated with a reduction in the supply of sources (kilocalories) to the body. There are different types of fasting, including short, long or intermittent fasting. It has been shown that the use of different types of fasting can influence the occurrence of mood disorders. The aim of this review was to search for the relationship between the use of fasting and mood disorders and its potential use as a therapeutic method.
Material and method: The available literature was reviewed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: fasting, intermittent fasting, mood disorders, depression, Ramadan, for studies listed from database inception to November 2021.
Results: A review of the collected scientific articles indicates that the dietary restrictions, including both daily restriction of caloric consumption and the use of intermittent fasting (IF), has potentially numerous health benefits in the co-treatment of mental diseases. However, due to conflicting results, further clinical trials in mentally ill people should be conducted. It is worth remembering that among patients with mental illnesses there are somatically ill. IF in these people may require additional nutritional modifications or discontinuation of therapy.
Conclusions: Dietary restriction and fasting are promising methods in co-therapy of mood disorders treatment. However, implementing therapy needs earlier individual evaluation of their benefits and risk, the same as patient’s feasibility of implementing this type of intervention.
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Caron JP, Kreher MA, Mickle AM, Wu S, Przkora R, Estores IM, Sibille KT. Intermittent Fasting: Potential Utility in the Treatment of Chronic Pain across the Clinical Spectrum. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122536. [PMID: 35745266 PMCID: PMC9228511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary behavior can have a consequential and wide-ranging influence on human health. Intermittent fasting, which involves intermittent restriction in energy intake, has been shown to have beneficial cellular, physiological, and system-wide effects in animal and human studies. Despite the potential utility in preventing, slowing, and reversing disease processes, the clinical application of intermittent fasting remains limited. The health benefits associated with the simple implementation of a 12 to 16 h fast suggest a promising role in the treatment of chronic pain. A literature review was completed to characterize the physiologic benefits of intermittent fasting and to relate the evidence to the mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Research on different fasting regimens is outlined and an overview of research demonstrating the benefits of intermittent fasting across diverse health conditions is provided. Data on the physiologic effects of intermittent fasting are summarized. The physiology of different pain states is reviewed and the possible implications for intermittent fasting in the treatment of chronic pain through non-invasive management, prehabilitation, and rehabilitation following injury and invasive procedures are presented. Evidence indicates the potential utility of intermittent fasting in the comprehensive management of chronic pain and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P. Caron
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Margaret Ann Kreher
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Angela M. Mickle
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Stanley Wu
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Rene Przkora
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Irene M. Estores
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Kimberly T. Sibille
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lee JH, Xue B, Chen Z, Sun Y. Neuronal GHS-R Differentially Modulates Feeding Patterns under Normal and Obesogenic Conditions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020293. [PMID: 35204795 PMCID: PMC8961776 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The orexigenic hormone ghrelin increases food intake and promotes obesity through its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). We previously reported two neuron-specific GHS-R knockout mouse lines, namely pan-neuronal deletion by Syn1-cre and hypothalamic deletion by AgRP-cre, exhibiting differential diet-dependent effects on body weight. GHS-R deficiency in neurons elicited less pronounced metabolic effects under regular diet (RD) than high fat diet (HFD). While there was no difference in total food intake of HFD in either mouse line, Syn1-cre; Ghsrf/f mice showed much greater anti-obesity effect than that of AgRP-cre; Ghsrf/f mice. Meal feeding pattern is known to have a major impact on energy homeostasis and obesity development. Here, we investigated the feeding behaviors of these two neuron-specific GHS-R knockout mice under RD and HFD feeding, by assessing meal number, meal size, meal duration, and feeding frequency. Under the normal diet, RD-fed Syn1-cre; Ghsrf/f mice showed a decreased meal size in dark phase, while RD-fed AgRP-cre; Ghsrf/f mice showed an increased meal duration in dark phase. Under the obesogenic diet, HFD-fed Syn1-cre; Ghsrf/f mice displayed reduced meal numbers in light phase and increased feeding in both light and dark phases, whereas HFD-fed AgRP-cre; Ghsrf/f mice showed a decreased meal duration in the light phase only. Consistently, the expression of neuropeptides (Neuropeptide Y and Orexin) was increased in the hypothalamus of RD-fed Syn1-cre; Ghsrf/f mice, whereas the expression of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) was increased in the hypothalamus of HFD fed Syn1-cre; Ghsrf/f mice. Overall, feeding pattern changes were more pronounced in Syn1-cre; Ghsrf/f mice than that in AgRP-cre; Ghsrf/f mice, and HFD elicited greater alteration than RD. While AgRP-cre; Ghsrf/f mice consumed HFD meals faster during the day (showing shorter meal duration), Syn1-cre; Ghsrf/f mice ate few HFD meals during the light phase and ate slowly throughout the day (showing longer meal duration in both phases). Our findings reveal that neuronal GHS-R regulates energy homeostasis by altering feeding patterns, and differentially modulates feeding patterns in a site- and diet-dependent manner. The distinctive data in these two mouse lines also suggest that eating slowly during the optimal feeding period (dark phase for mice) may be beneficial in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Lee
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Science, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Korea;
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7743, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-862-9143
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Hammoud S, Kurdi M, van den Bemt BJF. Impact of Fasting on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:481-495. [PMID: 34225340 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fasting has been frequently practiced for religious or medical purposes worldwide. However, limited literature assesses the impact of different fasting patterns on the physiologic and cardiac-related parameters in patients with hypertension. This review aims to examine the effect of fasting on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library were systematically screened until March 2021 for observational prospective cohorts investigating the effect of fasting on cardiovascular outcomes. Articles were assessed by searching for hypertension and fasting, both as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and text words. The review included studies assessing Ramadan, intermittent, and water-only fasting. Water-only fasting reduces body weight, blood pressure, and lipolytic activity of fasting hypertensive patients without affecting average heart rate. Ramadan fasting enhances lipid profile, although it shows conflicting results for body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. Considering the limited studies in this field, further research should be conducted to support the clinical impact of fasting on the cardiovascular health of patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Hammoud
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Section 1, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Educational Campus, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mazen Kurdi
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Section 1, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Educational Campus, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Bart J F van den Bemt
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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8
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Huang AW, Wei M, Caputo S, Wilson ML, Antoun J, Hsu WC. An Intermittent Fasting Mimicking Nutrition Bar Extends Physiologic Ketosis in Time Restricted Eating: A Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-Arm Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:1523. [PMID: 33946428 PMCID: PMC8147148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in time-restricted eating to attain intermittent fasting's metabolic benefits. However, a more extended daily fast poses many challenges. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a 200-calorie fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) energy bar formulated to prolong ketogenesis and mitigate fasting-associated side effects. A randomized, controlled study was conducted comparing the impact of consuming an FMD bar vs. continued water fast, after a 15-h overnight fast. Subjects in the FMD group showed a 3-h postprandial beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level and 4-h postprandial BHB area under the curve (AUC0-4) that were non-inferior to those who continued with the water fast (p = 0.891 and p = 0.377, respectively). The postprandial glucose AUC0-4 in the FMD group was non-inferior to that in the water fast group (p = 0.899). A breakfast group served as a control, which confirmed that the instrument used in home glucose and ketone monitoring functioned as expected. The results indicate that FMD bar consumption does not interfere with the physiological ketogenesis associated with overnight fasting and could be used to facilitate the practice of time-restricted eating or intermittent fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie W. Huang
- L-Nutra, Inc., Plano, TX 75024, USA; (A.W.H.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Min Wei
- L-Nutra, Inc., Plano, TX 75024, USA; (A.W.H.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Sara Caputo
- L-Nutra, Inc., Plano, TX 75024, USA; (A.W.H.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Melissa L. Wilson
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Joseph Antoun
- L-Nutra, Inc., Plano, TX 75024, USA; (A.W.H.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
| | - William C. Hsu
- L-Nutra, Inc., Plano, TX 75024, USA; (A.W.H.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
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Carvalho C, Cardoso S. Diabetes-Alzheimer's Disease Link: Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Redox Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:631-649. [PMID: 32098477 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: It is of common sense that the world population is aging and life expectancy is increasing. However, as the population ages, there is also an exponential risk to live into the ages where the brain-related frailties and neurodegenerative diseases develop. Hand in hand with those events, the world is witnessing a major upsurge in diabetes diagnostics. Remarkably, all of this seems to be narrowly related, and clinical and research communities highlight for the upcoming threat that it will represent for the present and future generations. Recent Advances: It is of utmost importance to clarify the influence of diabetes-related metabolic features on brain health and the mechanisms underlying the increased likelihood of developing neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease. Thereupon, a wealth of evidence suggests that mitochondria and associated oxidative stress are at the root of the link between diabetes and co-occurring disorders in the brain. Critical Issues: The scientific community has been challenged with constant failures of clinical trials raising major issues in the advance of the therapeutic field to fight chronic diseases epidemics. Thus, a change of paradigms is urgently needed. Future Directions: It has become urgent to identify new and solid candidates able to clinically reproduce the positive outcomes obtained in preclinical studies. On this basis, strategies settled to counteract diabetes-induced neurodegeneration encompassing mitochondrial dysfunction, redox status imbalance, and/or insulin dysregulation seem worth to follow. Hopefully, ongoing innovative research based on reliable experimental tools will soon bring the desired answers allowing pharmaceutical industry to apply such knowledge to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Interdisciplinarie Institute of Investigation, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Interdisciplinarie Institute of Investigation, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Al-Awad RM, Aburashed ZO. Every-other day fasting prevents memory impairment induced by high fat-diet: Role of oxidative stress. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113263. [PMID: 33246002 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance of diet consumption results in memory and learning deterioration. High-fat diet (HFD) causes neuronal damage and eventually cognitive impairment, which can be related to increasing oxidative stress in the brain. Using the every other day fasting (EODF) paradigm, as a method of dietary restriction is thought to provide protection of learning and memory in several experimental studies. In the current work, the preventive effect of EODF paradigm on memory impairment-induced by HFD was investigated. Adult male Wistar rats were fed with HFD using the EODF paradigm for six weeks. At the end of these six weeks, and while the previous treatment were continued, rats were examined for learning and memory (both the short-term and the long-term memory) using the radial arm water maze (RAWM). Oxidative stress in the brain, namely in the hippocampus was also assessed. Chronic administration of HFD induced impairment in both, short- and long- term memory that was prevented using EODF paradigm. Furthermore, EODF prevented HFD-induced decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase along with reduction of glutathione (GSH) level and the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG ratio). The EODF also inhibited rise in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) seen with HFD. In conclusion, EODF ameliorated oxidative stress and memory impairment induced by chronic HFD. This probably, can be explained by the ability of EODF to normalize mechanisms involved in oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rafat M Al-Awad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zainah O Aburashed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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11
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Przulj D, Ladmore D, Smith KM, Phillips-Waller A, Hajek P. Time restricted eating as a weight loss intervention in adults with obesity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246186. [PMID: 33508009 PMCID: PMC7842957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a weight management approach in which food is consumed only within a specific period each day. The simplicity of this approach is appealing, but its efficacy is not known. The aim of this pilot cohort study was to assess adherence to TRE and its effects on weight and lipid profile. Methods Fifty participants with obesity attempted to follow TRE for 12 weeks. Surveys were conducted weekly over the phone to assess treatment adherence and ratings; and at 6 and 12 weeks, participants attended the clinic to be weighed, have their blood pressure taken and provide a blood sample for lipid profile. Treatment results were compared with data from previous comparable cohorts using other weight management methods. Results Mean age of the participants was 50 (SD = 12.0), mean weight 97kg (SD = 17.1), mean BMI = 35 (SD = 4.0) and most were female (74%). At weeks 6 and 12, 64% and 58% of participants continued to practice TRE on at least five days/week. Using the ‘last observation carried forward’ imputation, mean (SD) weight loss was 2.0 (1.7) kg and 2.6 (2.6) kg at 6 and 12 weeks. Among participants who provided follow-up data, those who adhered to the intervention for at least five days/week recorded greater weight loss than those with lower adherence (week 6: 2.5 (1.7) vs 1.0 (1.3), p = 0.003; week 12: 3.5 (2.7) vs 1.3 (2.0), p = 0.001). A total of 26% of the sample lost at least 5% of their body weight at 12 weeks. The intervention had no effect on blood pressure or lipid profile. Conclusions TRE results were modest, but at least on par with those achieved with more complex interventions, and weight loss did not decline at 12 weeks. A formal trial of the intervention is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Przulj
- Health and Lifestyle Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniella Ladmore
- Health and Lifestyle Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Myers Smith
- Health and Lifestyle Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Phillips-Waller
- Health and Lifestyle Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hajek
- Health and Lifestyle Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Tonini C, Segatto M, Martino F, Cigliano L, Nazzaro M, Barberio L, Mandalà M, Pallottini V. Effects of Late-Life Caloric Restriction on Age-Related Alterations in the Rat Cortex and Hippocampus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010232. [PMID: 33467406 PMCID: PMC7830987 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A major problem of aging is the disruption of metabolic homeostasis. This is particularly relevant in the brain where it provokes neurodegeneration. Caloric restriction is a physiologic intervention known to delay the deleterious consequences of aging in several species ranging from yeast to mammals. To date, most studies on experimental models have started this dietary intervention from weaning, which is very difficult to be translated to human beings. Here, we study the effects of a more realistic dietary regimen in rats, starting at an advanced age and lasting for six months. Methods: we analyzed in the cortex and hippocampus, the proteins involved in the energetic balance of the cells, cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress response, inflammation, synaptic impairment, and brain trophism. Results: our results suggest that caloric restriction in late life can revert only some age-related changes studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tonini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| | - Francesca Martino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia—Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Martina Nazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia—Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (F.M.)
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-57336335-44
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13
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Sayadi JJ, Sayadi L, Satteson E, Chopan M. Nerve injury and repair in a ketogenic milieu: A systematic review of traumatic injuries to the spinal cord and peripheral nervous tissue. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244244. [PMID: 33395427 PMCID: PMC7781473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various models of neurological insult. However, there has been a lack of evaluation of these interventions from a surgical perspective despite their potential to augment reparative processes that occur following nerve injury. Thus, we sought to analyze the effects of these dietary regimens on nerve regeneration and repair by critical appraisal of the literature. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed to identify studies published between 1950 and 2020 that examined the impact of either the ketogenic diet or intermittent fasting on traumatic injuries to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Study characteristics and outcomes were analyzed for each included article. A total of 1,890 articles were reviewed, of which 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Each of these articles was then assessed based on a variety of qualitative parameters, including type of injury, diet composition, timing, duration, and outcome. In total, seven articles examined the ketogenic diet, while four examined intermittent fasting. Only three studies examined peripheral nerves. Neuroprotective effects manifested as either improved histological or functional benefits in most of the included studies. Overall, we conclude that intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet may promote neuroprotection and facilitate the regeneration and repair of nerve fibers following injury; however, lack of consistency between the studies in terms of animal models, diet compositions, and timing of dietary interventions preclude synthesis of their outcomes as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamasb Joshua Sayadi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lohrasb Sayadi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ellen Satteson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Chopan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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14
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Marx W, Lane M, Hockey M, Aslam H, Berk M, Walder K, Borsini A, Firth J, Pariante CM, Berding K, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Craig JM, Su KP, Mischoulon D, Gomez-Pinilla F, Foster JA, Cani PD, Thuret S, Staudacher HM, Sánchez-Villegas A, Arshad H, Akbaraly T, O'Neil A, Segasby T, Jacka FN. Diet and depression: exploring the biological mechanisms of action. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:134-150. [PMID: 33144709 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of nutritional psychiatry has generated observational and efficacy data supporting a role for healthy dietary patterns in depression onset and symptom management. To guide future clinical trials and targeted dietary therapies, this review provides an overview of what is currently known regarding underlying mechanisms of action by which diet may influence mental and brain health. The mechanisms of action associating diet with health outcomes are complex, multifaceted, interacting, and not restricted to any one biological pathway. Numerous pathways were identified through which diet could plausibly affect mental health. These include modulation of pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunction, the gut microbiota, tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, the HPA axis, neurogenesis and BDNF, epigenetics, and obesity. However, the nascent nature of the nutritional psychiatry field to date means that the existing literature identified in this review is largely comprised of preclinical animal studies. To fully identify and elucidate complex mechanisms of action, intervention studies that assess markers related to these pathways within clinically diagnosed human populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Melissa Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Meghan Hockey
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Hajara Aslam
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Metabolic Research Unit, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Departments of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heidi M Staudacher
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Husnain Arshad
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, "DevPsy", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Tasnime Akbaraly
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, "DevPsy", 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Segasby
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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15
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Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010001. [PMID: 33374894 PMCID: PMC7821920 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption has drastically increased during the last decades due to the extensive commercial use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener for beverages, snacks and baked goods. Fructose overconsumption is known to induce obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation, and its metabolism is considered partially responsible for its role in several metabolic diseases. Indeed, the primary metabolites and by-products of gut and hepatic fructolysis may impair the functions of extrahepatic tissues and organs. However, fructose itself causes an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion that triggers inflammation and oxidative stress. Many studies have dealt with the effects of this sugar on various organs, while the impact of fructose on brain function is, to date, less explored, despite the relevance of this issue. Notably, fructose transporters and fructose metabolizing enzymes are present in brain cells. In addition, it has emerged that fructose consumption, even in the short term, can adversely influence brain health by promoting neuroinflammation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as insulin resistance. Fructose influence on synaptic plasticity and cognition, with a major impact on critical regions for learning and memory, was also reported. In this review, we discuss emerging data about fructose effects on brain health in rodent models, with special reference to the regulation of food intake, inflammation, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, insulin signaling and cognitive function.
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16
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Chowdhury TG, Fenton AA, Aoki C. Effects of adolescent experience of food restriction and exercise on spatial learning and open field exploration of female rats. Hippocampus 2020; 31:170-188. [PMID: 33146453 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus carries out multiple functions: spatial cognition dorsally (DH) and regulation of emotionality-driven behavior ventrally (VH). Previously, we showed that dendrites of DH and VH pyramidal neurons of female rats are still developing robustly during adolescence and are altered by the experience of food restriction and voluntary exercise on a wheel. We tested whether such anatomical changes during adolescence impact anxiety-like behavior and spatial cognition. Four groups of female rats were evaluated for these behaviors: those with wheel access in its cage from postnatal day (P) 36-44 (EX); those with food access restricted to 1 hr per day, from P40 to 44 (FR); those with EX from P36 to 44, combined with FR from P40 to 44, which we will refer to as EX + FR; and controls, CON (no EX, no FR). Open field test for anxiety-like behavior and active place avoidance test for spatial cognition were conducted at P47-49, the age when food restricted animals have restored body weight, or at P54-56, to identify more enduring effects. Anxiety-like behavior was elevated for the EX and FR groups at P47-49 but not for the EX + FR group. By P54-56, the EX + FR and EX groups exhibited less anxiety-like behavior, indicating a beneficial delayed main effect of exercise. There was a beneficial main effect of food restriction upon cognition, as the FR group showed cognition superior to CONs' at P44-46 and P54-56, while the EX + FR animals also showed enhanced spatial learning at P54-56. EX + FR animals with best adaptation to the feeding schedule showed the best spatial learning performance but with a delay. The EX group exhibited only a transient improvement. These findings indicate that FR, EX, and EX + FR in mid-adolescence are all beneficial in reducing anxiety-like behavior and improving spatial cognition but with subtle differences in the timing of their manifestation, possibly reflecting the protracted maturation of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G Chowdhury
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - André A Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chiye Aoki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Taneja MK. Prevention and Rehabilitation of Old Age Deafness. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 72:524-531. [PMID: 33088786 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing impairment is one of the most common sensory deficit affecting 466 million people globally and in majority of old age people it can not corrected. Since presbycusis is always associated with diminished cognition power resulting in two fold loss in understanding of speech. There is no treatment available till date to regenerate the hair cells but certainly we can augment hearing by preventing and regenerating (apoptosis) atrophy of stria vascularis, spiral neural cells degeneration, atrophy of auditory nerve and cerebral cortex by modified greeva, skandh chalan, dynamic neurobics, tratak (focused concentration), Bhramari, Kumbhak along with mindful relaxation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Taneja
- Indian Institute of Ear Diseases, E-982 C. R. Park, New Delhi, India
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18
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Huang SSY, Makhlouf M, AbouMoussa EH, Ruiz Tejada Segura ML, Mathew LS, Wang K, Leung MC, Chaussabel D, Logan DW, Scialdone A, Garand M, Saraiva LR. Differential regulation of the immune system in a brain-liver-fats organ network during short-term fasting. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101038. [PMID: 32526449 PMCID: PMC7339127 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fasting regimens can promote health, mitigate chronic immunological disorders, and improve age-related pathophysiological parameters in animals and humans. Several ongoing clinical trials are using fasting as a potential therapy for various conditions. Fasting alters metabolism by acting as a reset for energy homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of short-term fasting (STF) are not well understood, particularly at the systems or multiorgan level. METHODS We performed RNA-sequencing in nine organs from mice fed ad libitum (0 h) or subjected to fasting five times (2-22 h). We applied a combination of multivariate analysis, differential expression analysis, gene ontology, and network analysis for an in-depth understanding of the multiorgan transcriptome. We used literature mining solutions, LitLab™ and Gene Retriever™, to identify the biological and biochemical terms significantly associated with our experimental gene set, which provided additional support and meaning to the experimentally derived gene and inferred protein data. RESULTS We cataloged the transcriptional dynamics within and between organs during STF and discovered differential temporal effects of STF among organs. Using gene ontology enrichment analysis, we identified an organ network sharing 37 common biological pathways perturbed by STF. This network incorporates the brain, liver, interscapular brown adipose tissue, and posterior-subcutaneous white adipose tissue; hence, we named it the brain-liver-fats organ network. Using Reactome pathways analysis, we identified the immune system, dominated by T cell regulation processes, as a central and prominent target of systemic modulations during STF in this organ network. The changes we identified in specific immune components point to the priming of adaptive immunity and parallel the fine-tuning of innate immune signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive multiorgan transcriptomic profiling of mice subjected to multiple periods of STF and provides new insights into the molecular modulators involved in the systemic immunotranscriptomic changes that occur during short-term energy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mayra L Ruiz Tejada Segura
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Marchioninistraße 25, 81377, München, Germany; Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | - Kun Wang
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | | | - Darren W Logan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Marchioninistraße 25, 81377, München, Germany; Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | - Luis R Saraiva
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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19
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Nicola R, Okun E. Food and Age: It Takes Two to Degenerate. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:182. [PMID: 32676023 PMCID: PMC7333676 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raneen Nicola
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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20
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Perović M, Jović M, Todorović S, Đorđević AM, Milanović D, Kanazir S, Lončarević-Vasiljković N. Neuroprotective effects of food restriction in a rat model of traumatic brain injury - the role of glucocorticoid signaling. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:537-549. [PMID: 32476608 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1769410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young and middle aged people. Food restriction (FR) has been shown to act neuroprotectively in animal models of stroke and TBI. Indeed, our previous studies showed that FR attenuates inflammation, through suppression of microglial activation and TNF-α production, suppresses caspase-3-induced neuronal cell death and enhances neuroplasticity in the rat model of TBI. Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a central role in mediating both molecular and behavioral responses to food restriction. However, the exact mechanisms of FR neuroprotection in TBI are still unclear. The goal of the present study was to examine whether FR exerts its beneficial effects by altering the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling alone and/or together with other protective factors. METHODS To this end, we examined the effects of FR (50% of regular daily food intake for 3 months prior to TBI) on the protein levels of total GR, GR phosphoisoform Ser232 (p-GR) and its transcriptional activity, as well as 11β-HSD1, NFκB (p65) and HSP70 as factors related to the GR signaling. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that FR applied prior to TBI significantly changes p-GR levels, and it's transcriptional activity during the recovery period after TBI. Moreover, as a pretreatment, FR modulates other protective factors in response to TBI, such as 11β-HSD1, NF-κB (p65) and HSP70 that act in parallel with GR in it's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the rat model of brain injury. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that prophylactic FR represents a potent non-invasive approach capable of changing GR signalling, together with other factors related to the GR signaling in the model of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Perović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Jović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Smilja Todorović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenović Đorđević
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Desanka Milanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Lončarević-Vasiljković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Ismail NA, Leong Abdullah MFI, Hami R, Ahmad Yusof H. A narrative review of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease. Growth Factors 2020; 38:210-225. [PMID: 33427532 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1864347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that is highly expressed in the brain. It influences neuronal survival, growth and acts as a control centre for neurotransmitters. It also plays a crucial role in learning and memory. Current evidence indicates that BDNF may be a possible neurotrophic factor that controls cognitive functions under normal and neuropathological conditions. Recent findings indicate a reduction in cognitive performance in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This relationship between cognitive performance and AD is important for investigating both the time they overlap and the pathophysiological mechanism in each case. Therefore, this study reviewed the existing knowledge about BDNF and cognitive performance in the AD population. The findings support the idea that this tropic factor may be a potential biomarker for evaluating the changes in cognitive performance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azila Ismail
- Institut Perubatan dan Pengigian Termaju, Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Abdullah
- Institut Perubatan dan Pengigian Termaju, Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Rohayu Hami
- Institut Perubatan dan Pengigian Termaju, Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Hazwani Ahmad Yusof
- Institut Perubatan dan Pengigian Termaju, Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
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Wang J, Du JJ, Jiang B, He RZ, Li AX. Effects of short-term fasting on the resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Streptococcus agalactiae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:889-895. [PMID: 31546039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short-term feed deprivation or fasting is commonly experienced by aquaculture fish species and may be caused by seasonal variations, production strategies, or diseases. To assess the effects of fasting on the resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus agalactiae infection, vaccinated and unvaccinated fish were fasted for zero, one, three, and seven days prior to infection. The cortisol levels of both vaccinated and unvaccinated fish first decreased and then increased significantly as fasting time increased. Liver glycogen, triglycerides, and total cholesterol decreased significantly after seven days of fasting, but glucose content did not vary significantly between fish fasted for three and seven days. Hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity levels were lowest after seven days of fasting, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity levels varied in opposition to those of HK and PK. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity levels first increased and then decreased as fasting time increased; SOD activity was highest after three days of fasting. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 mRNA expression levels first increased and then decreased significantly, peaking after three days of fasting. However, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) mRNA expression levels were in opposition to those of IL-1β and IL-6. Specific antibody levels did not vary significantly among unvaccinated fish fasted for different periods. Although specific antibody level first increased and then decreased in the vaccinated fish as fasting duration increased, there were no significant differences in the survival rates of fasted vaccinated fish after challenge with S. agalactiae. The final survival rates of vaccinated fish fasted for zero, one, three, and seven days were 86.67 ± 5.44%, 80.00 ± 3.14%, 88.89 ± 6.28%, and 84.44 ± 8.32%, respectively. Among the unvaccinated fish, the survival rate was highest (35.56 ± 3.14%) in the fish fasted for three days and lowest (6.67 ± 3.14%) in the fish fasted for seven days. Therefore, our results indicated that short-term fasting (three days) prior to an infection might increase the resistance of unvaccinated Nile tilapia to S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals and Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Jia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals and Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Biao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals and Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Run-Zhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals and Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals and Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Shivappagowdar A, Pati S, Narayana C, Ayana R, Kaushik H, Sah R, Garg S, Khanna A, Kumari J, Garg L, Sagar R, Singh S. A small bioactive glycoside inhibits epsilon toxin and prevents cell death. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.040410. [PMID: 31492678 PMCID: PMC6826021 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (Etx) is categorized as the third most lethal bioterrorism agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with no therapeutic counter measures available for humans. Here, we have developed a high-affinity inhibitory compound by synthesizing and evaluating the structure activity relationship (SAR) of a library of diverse glycosides (numbered 1-12). SAR of glycoside-Etx heptamers revealed exceptionally strong H-bond interactions of glycoside-4 with a druggable pocket in the oligomerization and β-hairpin region of Etx. Analysis of its structure suggested that glycoside-4 might self-aggregate to form a robust micelle-like supra-molecular complex due to its linear side-chain architecture, which was authenticated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Further, this micelle hinders the Etx monomer-monomer interaction required for oligomerization, validated by both surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and immunoblotting. This phenomenon in turn leads to blockage of pore formation. Downstream evaluation revealed that glycoside-4 effectively blocked cell death of Etx-treated cultured primary cells and maintained cellular homeostasis via disrupting oligomerization, blocking pore formation, restoring calcium homeostasis, stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane and impairing high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm. Furthermore, a single dosage of glycoside-4 protected the Etx-challenged mice and restored normal function to multiple organs. This work reports for the first time a potent, nontoxic glycoside with strong ability to occlude toxin lethality, representing it as a bio-arm therapeutic against Etx-based biological threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shivappagowdar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Soumya Pati
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Chintam Narayana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Himani Kaushik
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Raj Sah
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swati Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Lalit Garg
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Miranda M, Morici JF, Zanoni MB, Bekinschtein P. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:363. [PMID: 31440144 PMCID: PMC6692714 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead to great variability in BDNF levels in healthy subjects. Changes in BDNF expression are associated with both normal and pathological aging and also psychiatric disease, in particular in structures important for memory processes such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal areas. Some interventions like exercise or antidepressant administration enhance the expression of BDNF in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we will describe studies from rodents and humans to bring together research on how BDNF expression is regulated, how this expression changes in the pathological brain and also exciting work on how interventions known to enhance this neurotrophin could have clinical relevance. We propose that, although BDNF may not be a valid biomarker for neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric diseases because of its disregulation common to many pathological conditions, it could be thought of as a marker that specifically relates to the occurrence and/or progression of the mnemonic symptoms that are common to many pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Miranda
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Facundo Morici
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Zanoni
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wahl D, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Fontana L, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG, Ribeiro RV. Aging, lifestyle and dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104481. [PMID: 31136814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for most diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative disease. There is emerging evidence that interventions that improve metabolic health with aging may also be effective for brain health. The most robust interventions are non-pharmacological and include limiting calorie or protein intake, increasing aerobic exercise, or environmental enrichment. In humans, dietary patterns including the Mediterranean, Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) and Okinawan diets are associated with improved age-related health and may reduce neurodegenerative disease including dementia. Rapamycin, metformin and resveratrol act on nutrient sensing pathways that improve cardiometabolic health and decrease the risk for age-associated disease. There is some evidence that they may reduce the risk for dementia in rodents. There is a growing recognition that improving metabolic function may be an effective way to optimize brain health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia.
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Rubovitch V, Pharayra A, Har-Even M, Dvir O, Mattson MP, Pick CG. Dietary Energy Restriction Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:613-621. [PMID: 30734244 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young people. It was previously reported that dietary restriction, by either intermittent fasting (IF) or daily caloric restriction (CR), could protect neurons against dysfunction and degeneration in animal models of stroke and Parkinson's disease. Recently, several studies have shown that the protein Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a significant role in the induced neuroprotection following dietary restriction. In the present study, we found a significant reduction of SIRT1 levels in the cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of mild weight-drop closed head TBI. This reduction was prevented in mice maintained on IF (alternate day fasting) and CR initiated after the head trauma. Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory (measured using a novel object recognition test) was impaired 30 days post-injury in mice fed ad libitum, but not in mice in the IF and CR groups. These results suggest a clinical potential for IF and/or CR as an intervention to reduce brain damage and improve functional outcome in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - A Pharayra
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Har-Even
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - O Dvir
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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27
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Fasting and Fast Food Diet Play an Opposite Role in Mice Brain Aging. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6881-6893. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Limited daily feeding and intermittent feeding have different effects on regional brain energy homeostasis during aging. Biogerontology 2018; 19:121-132. [PMID: 29340834 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Albeit aging is an inevitable process, the rate of aging is susceptible to modifications. Dietary restriction (DR) is a vigorous nongenetic and nonpharmacological intervention that is known to delay aging and increase healthspan in diverse species. This study aimed to compare the impact of different restricting feeding regimes such as limited daily feeding (LDF, 60% AL) and intermittent feeding (IF) on brain energy homeostasis during aging. The analysis was focused on the key molecules in glucose and cholesterol metabolism in the cortex and hippocampus of middle-aged (12-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) male Wistar rats. We measured the impact of different DRs on the expression levels of AMPK, glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4), and the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway (HMGCR). Additionally, we assessed the changes in the amounts of cholesterol, its metabolite, and precursors following LDF and IF. IF decreased the levels of AMPK and pAMPK in the cortex while the increased levels were detected in the hippocampus. Glucose metabolism was more affected in the cortex, while cholesterol metabolism was more influenced in the hippocampus. Overall, the hippocampus was more resilient to the DRs, with fewer changes compared to the cortex. We showed that LDF and IF differently affected the brain energy homeostasis during aging and that specific brain regions exhibited distinct vulnerabilities towards DRs. Consequently, special attention should be paid to the DR application among elderly as different phases of aging do not respond equally to altered nutritional regimes.
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Dasgupta A, Kim J, Manakkadan A, Arumugam TV, Sajikumar S. Intermittent fasting promotes prolonged associative interactions during synaptic tagging/capture by altering the metaplastic properties of the CA1 hippocampal neurons. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 154:70-77. [PMID: 29277679 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metaplasticity is the inherent property of a neuron or neuronal population to undergo activity-dependent changes in neural function that modulate subsequent synaptic plasticity. Here we studied the effect of intermittent fasting (IF) in governing the interactions of associative plasticity mechanisms in the pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal area CA1. Late long-term potentiation and its associative mechanisms such as synaptic tagging and capture at an interval of 120 min were evaluated in four groups of animals, AL (Ad libitum), IF12 (daily IF for 12 h), IF16 (daily IF for 16 h) and EOD (every other day IF for 24 h). IF had no visible effect on the early or late plasticity but it manifested a critical role in prolonging the associative interactions between weak and strong synapses at an interval of 120 min in IF16 and EOD animals. However, both IF12 and AL did not show associativity at 120 min. Plasticity genes such as Bdnf and Prkcz, which are well known for their expressions in late plasticity and synaptic tagging and capture, were significantly upregulated in IF16 and EOD in comparison to AL. Specific inhibition of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) prevented the prolonged associativity expressed in EOD. Thus, daily IF for 16 h or more can be considered to enhance the metaplastic properties of synapses by improving their associative interactions that might translate into animprovedmemoryformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Dasgupta
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Neurobiology/Aging Program, Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore, #04-44, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117 456, Singapore
| | - Joonki Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Anoop Manakkadan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Neurobiology/Aging Program, Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore, #04-44, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117 456, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Neurobiology/Aging Program, Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore, #04-44, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117 456, Singapore.
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Moreno CL, Mobbs CV. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying lifespan and age-related effects of dietary restriction and the ketogenic diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:33-40. [PMID: 27884781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging constitutes the central risk factor for major diseases including many forms of cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. The aging process is characterized by both global and tissue-specific changes in gene expression across taxonomically diverse species. While aging has historically been thought to entail cell-autonomous, even stochastic changes, recent evidence suggests that modulation of this process can be hierarchal, wherein manipulations of nutrient-sensing neurons (e.g., in the hypothalamus) produce peripheral effects that may modulate the aging process itself. The most robust intervention extending lifespan, plausibly impinging on the aging process, involves different modalities of dietary restriction (DR). Lifespan extension by DR is associated with broad protection against diseases (natural and engineered). Here we review potential epigenetic processes that may link lifespan to age-related diseases, particularly in the context of DR and (other) ketogenic diets, focusing on brain and hypothalamic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar L Moreno
- Department of Neurology, 1470 Madison Ave., 9-119, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles V Mobbs
- Departments of Neuroscience, Endocrinology, and Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., 9-119, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Mogami S, Yamada C, Fujitsuka N, Hattori T. Peptide YY induces characteristic meal patterns of aged mice. Horm Behav 2017; 96:62-68. [PMID: 28916138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Changes in eating behavior occur in the elderly due to oral and swallowing dysfunctions. We aimed to clarify the difference between basal meal patterns of young and aged mice in relation to appetite regulating hormones. METHODS Thirty two of young (7-week-old) and aged (23-25-month-old) C57BL/6 male mice were acclimated to a single housing and then transferred to a highly sensitive automated feeding monitoring device. Feeding behavior was monitored from the onset of the dark phase after habituation to the device. Plasma peptide YY (PYY) levels were assessed under the several feeding status or after treatment of PYY. PYY and its receptor (NPY Y2 receptor, Y2R) antagonist were intraperitoneally administered 30min before the monitoring. RESULTS Although the basal 24-h meal amounts did not differ by age, the total meal time and frequency of minimum feeding activity (bout) were significantly increased and the average bout size and time per bout were significantly decreased in aged mice. PYY dynamics were abnormal and the temporal reduction in food intake by exogenous PYY was more prominent in aged mice than in young mice. PYY administration to young mice induced aged-like meal patterns, and Y2R antagonist administration to aged mice induced young-like meal patterns. CONCLUSIONS Aged mice exhibited characteristic meal patterns probably due to PYY metabolism dysfunction and/or enhanced PYY-Y2R signaling, suggesting a novel method for assessing eating difficulties in aged animals and a potential target for the remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Mogami
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamada
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hattori
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans' primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 PMCID: PMC5710317 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans’ primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Toussay X, Morel JL, Biendon N, Rotureau L, Legeron FP, Boutonnet MC, Cho YH, Macrez N. Presenilin 1 mutation decreases both calcium and contractile responses in cerebral arteries. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:201-212. [PMID: 28753475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations or upregulation in presenilin 1 (PS1) gene are found in familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease or sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease, respectively. PS1 has been essentially studied in neurons and its mutation was shown to alter intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signals. Here, we showed that PS1 is expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of mouse cerebral arteries, and we assessed the effects of the deletion of exon 9 of PS1 (PS1dE9) on Ca2+ signals and contractile responses of vascular SMC. Agonist-induced contraction of cerebral vessels was significantly decreased in PS1dE9 both in vivo and ex vivo. Spontaneous activity of Ca2+ sparks through ryanodine-sensitive channels (RyR) was unchanged, whereas the RyR-mediated Ca2+-release activated by caffeine was shorter in PS1dE9 SMC when compared with control. Moreover, PS1dE9 mutation decreased the caffeine-activated capacitive Ca2+ entry, and inhibitors of SERCA pumps reversed the effects of PS1dE9 on Ca2+ signals. PS1dE9 mutation also leads to the increased expression of SERCA3, phospholamban, and RyR3. These results show that PS1 plays a crucial role in the cerebrovascular system and the vascular reactivity is decreased through altered Ca2+ signals in PS1dE9 mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Toussay
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives, UMR 5228, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Morel
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Biendon
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lolita Rotureau
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives, UMR 5228, Bordeaux, France
| | - François-Pierre Legeron
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Boutonnet
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yoon H Cho
- CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Macrez
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.
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Phillips C. Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity: How Physical Activity, Mental Engagement, and Diet Promote Cognitive Health during Aging. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:3589271. [PMID: 28695017 PMCID: PMC5485368 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3589271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of the elderly across the globe will approximate 2.1 billion by 2050. Juxtaposed against this burgeoning segment of the population is evidence that nonpathological aging is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline in a variety of domains, changes that can cause mild disability even before the onset of dementia. Given that pharmacological treatments that mitigate dementia are still outstanding, alternative therapeutic options are being investigated increasingly. The results from translational studies have shown that modifiable lifestyle factors-including physical activity, cognitive engagement, and diet-are a key strategy for maintaining brain health during aging. Indeed, a multiplicity of studies has demonstrated relationships between lifestyle factors, brain structure and function, and cognitive function in aging adults. For example, physical activity and diet modulate common neuroplasticity substrates (neurotrophic signaling, neurogenesis, inflammation, stress response, and antioxidant defense) in the brain whereas cognitive engagement enhances brain and cognitive reserve. The aims of this review are to evaluate the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors, neuroplasticity, and optimal brain health during aging; to identify putative mechanisms that contribute positive brain aging; and to highlight future directions for scientists and clinicians. Undoubtedly, the translation of cutting-edge knowledge derived from the field of cognitive neuroscience will advance our understanding and enhance clinical treatment interventions as we endeavor to promote brain health during aging.
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Diehl T, Mullins R, Kapogiannis D. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Res 2017; 183:26-40. [PMID: 28034760 PMCID: PMC5393926 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The links between systemic insulin resistance (IR), brain-specific IR, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been an extremely productive area of current research. This review will cover the fundamentals and pathways leading to IR, its connection to AD via cellular mechanisms, the most prominent methods and models used to examine it, an introduction to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a source of biomarkers for IR and AD, and an overview of modern clinical studies on the subject. To provide additional context, we also present a novel analysis of the spatial correlation of gene expression in the brain with the aid of Allen Human Brain Atlas data. Ultimately, examining the relation between IR and AD can be seen as a means of advancing the understanding of both disease states, with IR being a promising target for therapeutic strategies in AD treatment. In conclusion, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting brain IR in AD and the main strategies to pursue this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Diehl
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD
| | - Roger Mullins
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD.
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The Association between Breakfast Skipping and Body Weight, Nutrient Intake, and Metabolic Measures among Participants with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040384. [PMID: 28420112 PMCID: PMC5409723 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of skipping breakfast on health, especially in adults, remains a controversial topic. A secondary data analysis was conducted to examine associations between breakfast eating patterns and weight loss, nutrient intake, and metabolic parameters among participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (n = 240). Three randomly selected 24-h dietary recalls were collected from each participant at baseline and at the one-year visit. Skipped breakfast was seen in 32.9% at baseline and in 17.4% at the one-year visit, respectively. At baseline, after adjustment for demographics and physical activity, participants who ate breakfast had a higher thiamin, niacin, and folate intake than did breakfast skippers (p < 0.05); other selected parameters including body weight, dietary quality scores, nutrient intake, and metabolic parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups (p ≥ 0.05). From baseline to one year, after adjustment for covariates, mean fat intake increased by 2.7% (95% confidence intervals (CI): -1.0, 6.5%) of total energy in breakfast skippers in comparison to the 1.2% decrease observed in breakfast eaters (95% CI: -3.4, 1.1%) (p = 0.02). Mean changes in other selected parameters showed no significant differences between breakfast skippers and eaters (p > 0.05). This study did not support the hypothesis that skipping breakfast has impact on body weight, nutrient intakes, and selected metabolic measures in participants with MetS.
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Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Reza MAN, Shimizu S, Matsubara T, Ohta K. Short-term starvation and realimentation helps stave off Edwardsiella tarda infection in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 206:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Khlaifia A, Matias I, Cota D, Tell F. Nutritional status-dependent endocannabinoid signalling regulates the integration of rat visceral information. J Physiol 2017; 595:3267-3285. [PMID: 28233325 DOI: 10.1113/jp273484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Vagal sensory inputs transmit information from the viscera to brainstem neurones located in the nucleus tractus solitarii to set physiological parameters. These excitatory synapses exhibit a CB1 endocannabinoid-induced long-term depression (LTD) triggered by vagal fibre stimulation. We investigated the impact of nutritional status on long-term changes in this long-term synaptic plasticity. Food deprivation prevents LTD induction by disrupting CB1 receptor signalling. Short-term refeeding restores the capacity of vagal synapses to express LTD. Ghrelin and cholecystokinin, respectively released during fasting and refeeding, play a key role in the control of LTD via the activation of energy sensing pathways such as AMPK and the mTOR and ERK pathways. ABSTRACT Communication form the viscera to the brain is essential to set physiological homoeostatic parameters but also to drive more complex behaviours such as mood, memory and emotional states. Here we investigated the impact of the nutritional status on long-term changes in excitatory synaptic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii, a neural hub integrating visceral signals. These excitatory synapses exhibit a CB1 endocannabinoid (eCB)-induced long-term depression (LTD) triggered by vagal fibre stimulation. Since eCB signalling is known to be an important component of homoeostatic regulation of the body and is regulated during various stressful conditions, we tested the hypothesis that food deprivation alters eCB signalling in central visceral afferent fibres. Food deprivation prevents eCB-LTD induction due to the absence of eCB signalling. This loss was reversed by blockade of ghrelin receptors. Activation of the cellular fuel sensor AMP-activated protein kinase or inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway abolished eCB-LTD in free-fed rats. Signals associated with energy surfeit, such as short-term refeeding, restore eCB-LTD induction, which in turn requires activation of cholecystokinin receptors and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. These data suggest a tight link between eCB-LTD in the NTS and nutritional status and shed light on the key role of eCB in the integration of visceral information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessattar Khlaifia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Matias
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Tell
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille, France
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Fung J, Berger A. Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance: Scope of the Problem. JOURNAL OF INSULIN RESISTANCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4102/jir.v1i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Kõks S, Dogan S, Tuna BG, González-Navarro H, Potter P, Vandenbroucke RE. Mouse models of ageing and their relevance to disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:41-53. [PMID: 27717883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a process that gradually increases the organism's vulnerability to death. It affects different biological pathways, and the underlying cellular mechanisms are complex. In view of the growing disease burden of ageing populations, increasing efforts are being invested in understanding the pathways and mechanisms of ageing. We review some mouse models commonly used in studies on ageing, highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies, and discuss their relevance to disease susceptibility. In addition to addressing the genetics and phenotypic analysis of mice, we discuss examples of models of delayed or accelerated ageing and their modulation by caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulev Kõks
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia and Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Soner Dogan
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul Potter
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Cardoso S, Carvalho C, Correia SC, Seiça RM, Moreira PI. Alzheimer's Disease: From Mitochondrial Perturbations to Mitochondrial Medicine. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:632-47. [PMID: 27327899 PMCID: PMC8028979 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are distressing conditions causing countless levels of suffering for which treatment is often insufficient or inexistent. Considered to be the most common cause of dementia and an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the intricate pathogenic mechanisms of AD continue to be revealed and, consequently, an effective treatment needs to be developed. Among the diverse hypothesis that have been proposed to explain AD pathogenesis, the one concerning mitochondrial dysfunction has raised as one of the most discussed with an actual acceptance in the field. It posits that manipulating mitochondrial function and understanding the deficits that result in mitochondrial injury may help to control and/or limit the development of AD. To achieve such goal, the concept of mitochondrial medicine places itself as a promising gathering of strategies to directly manage the major insidious disturbances of mitochondrial homeostasis as well as attempts to directly or indirectly manage its consequences in the context of AD. The aim of this review is to summarize the evolution that occurred from the establishment of mitochondrial homeostasis perturbation as masterpieces in AD pathogenesis up until the development of mitochondrial medicine. Following a brief glimpse in the past and current hypothesis regarding the triad of aging, mitochondria and AD, this manuscript will address the major mechanisms currently believed to participate in above mentioned events. Both pharmacological and lifestyle interventions will also be reviewed as AD-related mitochondrial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Sónia C. Correia
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Raquel M. Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IBILI‐Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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Pedersen M, Bundgaard TH, Zeeman P, Jørgensen JR, Sørensen PMB, Berro HM, Larsson BW. Action research in rehabilitation with chronic stroke recovery: A case report with a focus on neural plasticity. NeuroRehabilitation 2016; 39:261-72. [PMID: 27372361 DOI: 10.3233/nre-161356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stroke patients are primarily referred to general rehabilitation, rather than to specific neurorehabilitation. Currently, there are no Danish clinical guidelines for chronic stroke, but recent research in neuroplasticity has contributed to possible rehabilitation interventions for these patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this project is to describe the use of a specialized neuroplastic approach in combination with an already existing training program. METHODS The project is designed as an action research project concerning four participants with chronic stroke. Through ten intervention, a neuroplastic focus has been added to their group training program including daily home training. Participants were tested before and after the intervention with MAS, DGI, 6MWT, SSQLS. RESULTS All four participants improved their functional levels and their quality of life following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This report indicates that a specific neuroplastic focus in combination with action research has an impact on the participants with chronic stroke. However, there is still no clarity regarding what type of rehabilitation methods can be considered the most efficacious in promoting neuroplasticity. This case report serves as a pilot project for further studies of how to implement neuroplasticity in physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Zeeman
- Center for Rehabilitation of Brain Injury, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen R Jørgensen
- Center for Rehabilitation of Brain Injury, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hamza M Berro
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Region S, Denmark
| | - Bodil W Larsson
- Metropolitan University College, Physiotherapy, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Belaïch R, Boujraf S, Benzagmout M, Magoul R, Maaroufi M, Tizniti S. Implications of oxidative stress in the brain plasticity originated by fasting: a BOLD-fMRI study. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:505-512. [PMID: 27276372 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1191165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was assessing the intermittent fasting effect on brain plasticity and oxidative stress (OS) using blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD)-functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) approach. Evidences of physiological and molecular phenomena involved in this process are discussed and compared to reported literature. METHOD Six fully healthy male non-smokers volunteered in this study. All volunteers were right handed, and have an equilibrated, consistent and healthy daily nutritional habit, and a healthy lifestyle. Participants were allowed consuming food during evening and night time while fasting with self-prohibiting food and liquids during 14 hours/day from sunrise to sunset. All participants underwent identical brain BOLD-fMRI protocol. The images were acquired in the Department of Radiology and Clinical Imaging of the University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco. The anatomical brain and BOLD-fMRIs were acquired using a 1.5-Tesla scanner (Signa, General Electric, Milwaukee, United States). BOLD-fMRI image acquisition was done using single-shot gradient echo echo-planer imaging sequence. BOLD-fMRI paradigm consisted of the motor task where volunteers were asked to perform finger taping of the right hand. Two BOLD-fMRI scan sessions were performed, the first one between the 5th and 10th days preceding the start of fasting and the second between days 25th and 28th of the fasting month. All sessions were performed between 3:30 PM and 5:30 PM. Although individual maps were originated from different individual participants, they cover the same anatomic area in each case. Image processing and statistical analysis were conducted with Statistical Parameter Mapping version 8 (2008, Welcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London UK). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The maximal BOLD signal changes were calculated for each subject in the motor area M1; Activation maps were calculated and overlaid on the anatomical images. Group analysis of the data was performed, and the average volume and the maximum intensity of BOLD signal in the activated area M1 was determined for all studied volunteers. The current study allowed measuring regional brain volumes and neural network activity before and during an extended period of fasting using BOLD-fMRI. This demonstrated and confirmed the impact of fasting on human brain structure and function. Further studies are required to elucidate mechanisms and enable direct inference of a diet-induced OS effect on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Belaïch
- a Department of Biophysics and Clinical MRI Methods, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Fez , Morocco.,b Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Fez , Morocco.,c Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz , University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah , Fez-Atlas , Fez BP 1796 , Morocco
| | - Saïd Boujraf
- a Department of Biophysics and Clinical MRI Methods, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Fez , Morocco.,b Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Fez , Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benzagmout
- b Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Fez , Morocco
| | - Rabia Magoul
- c Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz , University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah , Fez-Atlas , Fez BP 1796 , Morocco
| | - Mustapha Maaroufi
- b Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Fez , Morocco.,d Department of Radiology and Clinical Imaging , University Hospital of Fez , Morocco
| | - Siham Tizniti
- b Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Fez , Morocco.,d Department of Radiology and Clinical Imaging , University Hospital of Fez , Morocco
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Caloric restriction: beneficial effects on brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:300-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sibille KT, Bartsch F, Reddy D, Fillingim RB, Keil A. Increasing Neuroplasticity to Bolster Chronic Pain Treatment: A Role for Intermittent Fasting and Glucose Administration? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:275-81. [PMID: 26848123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neuroplastic changes in brain structure and function are not only a consequence of chronic pain but are involved in the maintenance of pain symptoms. Thus, promotion of adaptive, treatment-responsive neuroplasticity represents a promising clinical target. Emerging evidence about the human brain's response to an array of behavioral and environmental interventions may assist in identifying targets to facilitate increased neurobiological receptivity, promoting healthy neuroplastic changes. Specifically, strategies to maximize neuroplastic responsiveness to chronic pain treatment could enhance treatment gains by optimization of learning and positive central nervous system adaptation. Periods of heightened plasticity have been traditionally identified with the early years of development. More recent research, however, has identified a wide spectrum of methods that can be used to "reopen" and enhance plasticity and learning in adults. In addition to transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, behavioral and pharmacological interventions have been investigated. Intermittent fasting and glucose administration are two propitious strategies, that are noninvasive, inexpensive to administer, implementable in numerous settings, and might be applicable across differing chronic pain treatments. Key findings and neurophysiological mechanisms are summarized, and evidence for the potential clinical contributions of these two strategies toward ameliorating chronic pain is presented. PERSPECTIVE Neuroplastic changes are a defining feature of chronic pain and a complicating factor in treatment. Noninvasive strategies to optimize the brain's response to treatment interventions might improve learning and memory, increase the positive adaptability of the central nervous system, and enhance treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly T Sibille
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Felix Bartsch
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Divya Reddy
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andreas Keil
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Campos-Rodríguez R, Godínez-Victoria M, Reyna-Garfias H, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Abarca-Rojano E, Cruz-Hernández TR, Drago-Serrano ME. Intermittent fasting favored the resolution of Salmonella typhimurium infection in middle-aged BALB/c mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:13. [PMID: 26798034 PMCID: PMC5005893 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) reportedly increases resistance and intestinal IgA response to Salmonella typhimurium infection in mature mice. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aging on the aforementioned improved immune response found with IF. Middle-aged male BALB/c mice were submitted to IF or ad libitum (AL) feeding for 40 weeks and then orally infected with S. typhimurium. Thereafter, infected animals were all fed AL (to maximize their viability) until sacrifice on day 7 or 14 post-infection. We evaluated body weight, bacterial load (in feces, Peyer's patches, spleen and liver), total and specific intestinal IgA, lamina propria IgA+ plasma cells, plasma corticosterone, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of α-chain, J-chain, and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in liver and intestinal mucosa. In comparison with the infected AL counterpart, the infected IF group (long-term IF followed by post-infection AL feeding) generally had lower intestinal and systemic bacterial loads as well as higher total IgA on both post-infection days. Both infected groups showed no differences in corticosterone levels, body weight, or food and caloric intake. The increase in intestinal IgA was associated with enhanced pIgR mRNA expression in the intestine (day 7) and liver. Thus, to maintain body weight and caloric intake, IF elicited metabolic signals that possibly induced the increased hepatic and intestinal pIgR mRNA expression found. The increase in IgA probably resulted from intestinal IgA transcytosis via pIgR. This IgA response along with phagocyte-induced killing of bacteria in systemic organs (not measured) may explain the resolution of the S. typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Campos-Rodríguez
- Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México
| | - Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria
- Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México
| | - Humberto Reyna-Garfias
- Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México
| | - Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez
- Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México
| | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México
| | - Edgar Abarca-Rojano
- Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México
| | - Teresita Rocío Cruz-Hernández
- Research and Graduate Studies Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, CP 11340, México, D.F., México
| | - Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano
- Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco Campus, Calzada del Hueso No 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, CP 04960, México, D.F., México.
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Spagnuolo MS, Mollica MP, Maresca B, Cavaliere G, Cefaliello C, Trinchese G, Scudiero R, Crispino M, Cigliano L. High Fat Diet and Inflammation - Modulation of Haptoglobin Level in Rat Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:479. [PMID: 26696835 PMCID: PMC4678199 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and dietary fats are well known risk factors for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The analysis of specific markers, whose brain level can be affected by diet, might contribute to unveil the intersection between inflammation/obesity and neurodegeneration. Haptoglobin (Hpt) is an acute phase protein, which acts as antioxidant by binding free haemoglobin (Hb), thus neutralizing its pro-oxidative action. We previously demonstrated that Hpt plays critical functions in brain, modulating cholesterol trafficking in neuroblastoma cell lines, beta-amyloid (Aβ) uptake by astrocyte, and limiting Aβ toxicity on these cells. A major aim of this study was to evaluate whether a long term (12 or 24 weeks) high-fat diet (HFD) influences Hpt and Hb expression in rat hippocampus. We also assessed the development of obesity-induced inflammation by measuring hippocampal level of TNF-alpha, and the extent of protein oxidation by titrating nitro-tyrosine (N-Tyr). Hpt concentration was lower (p < 0.001) in hippocampus of HFD rats than in control animals, both in the 12 and in the 24 weeks fed groups. HFD was also associated in hippocampus with the increase of Hb level (p < 0.01), inflammation and protein oxidative modification, as evidenced by the increase in the concentration of TNF-alpha and nitro-tyrosine. In fact, TNF-alpha concentration was higher in rats receiving HFD for 12 (p < 0.01) or 24 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to those receiving the control diet. N-Tyr concentration was more elevated in hippocampus of HFD than in control rats in both 12 weeks (p = 0.04) and 24 weeks groups (p = 0.01), and a positive correlation between Hb and N-Tyr concentration was found in each group. Finally, we found that the treatment of the human glioblastoma-astrocytoma cell line U-87 MG with cholesterol and fatty acids, such as palmitic and linoleic acid, significantly impairs (p < 0.001) Hpt secretion in the extracellular compartment. We hypothesize that the HFD-dependent decrease of Hpt in hippocampus, as associated with Hb increase, might enhance the oxidative stress induced by free Hb. Altogether our data, identifying Hpt as a molecule modulated in the brain by dietary fats, may represent one of the first steps in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the diet-related effects in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
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49
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What is the effect of fasting on the lifespan of neurons? Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:160-5. [PMID: 26264849 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medical advancements have increased life expectancy but have consequently increased the incidence of age-related disease. Fasting or dietary restriction (DR) can help prevent these via anti-ageing effects; however, these effects in neurons are less well characterized. Here, a series of animal and human studies of the effects of DR on the structural and functional integrity of neurons and the underlying mechanisms are analyzed. DR improves the integrity of animal neurons via a wide range of possible mechanisms including changes in metabolism, oxidative damage, stress responses, growth factors, and gene expression. These mechanisms are extensively interlinked and point to an optimum range of calorie intake, above calorie deprivation and below burdensome calorie excess. Human studies also suggest that DR improves neuron integrity; however, due to ethical and methodological limitations, the most conclusive data on DR hinge upon on-going life-long monkey experiments. Rather than developing pharmacological mimetics of DR, our focus should be on educating the public about DR in order to minimize age-related disease.
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Lara-Padilla E, Godínez-Victoria M, Drago-Serrano ME, Reyna-Garfias H, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Abarca-Rojano E, Cruz-Hernández TR, Campos-Rodríguez R. Intermittent fasting modulates IgA levels in the small intestine under intense stress: A mouse model. J Neuroimmunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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