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Conn KA, Alexander S, Burne THJ, Kesby JP. Antagonism of D2 receptors via raclopride ameliorates amphetamine-induced associative learning deficits in male mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114649. [PMID: 37643667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine levels in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) are highly dynamic and are thought to underly the encoding of action-outcome associations. Although it is known that amphetamine disrupts the learning that is required for goal-directed action, the role of D1 and D2 receptors in this process has not been established. In this study, we examined the role of D1 and D2 receptor antagonists on learning in response to amphetamine. We used the outcome-specific devaluation task to examine goal-directed action in male C57BL6/J mice treated systemically with either a D1 antagonist (SCH-23990; 0.01 mg/kg) or a D2 antagonist (raclopride; 0.5 mg/kg) and then administered amphetamine (1 mg/kg). The mice were injected repeatedly throughout the instrumental training phase of the task to assess the impact on the learning of action-outcomes, and the subsequent choice test assessing performance of goal-directed action was conducted drug free. Effects of chronic drug administration on locomotor behaviour was assessed before and after the choice test. Treatment during learning with either amphetamine, or the D1 or D2 antagonists, impaired the subsequent performance of goal-directed action. The amphetamine-induced impairment in goal-directed action was reversed in mice treated with raclopride, but not when treated with SCH-23990. By contrast, amphetamine-induced hyperactivity was reversed in mice treated with SCH-23990, but not in mice treated with raclopride. Taken together, these data support the role of a balance of dopamine receptor signalling after amphetamine treatment. While overall D1 receptor availability is necessary to promote learning, in a state of elevated dopamine, modifying D2 receptor function can ameliorate learning deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyna-Anne Conn
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Suzy Alexander
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia
| | - James P Kesby
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia.
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2
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Vellucci L, Ciccarelli M, Buonaguro EF, Fornaro M, D’Urso G, De Simone G, Iasevoli F, Barone A, de Bartolomeis A. The Neurobiological Underpinnings of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Psychosis, Translational Issues for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1220. [PMID: 37627285 PMCID: PMC10452784 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 25% of schizophrenia patients suffer from obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) considered a transdiagnostic clinical continuum. The presence of symptoms pertaining to both schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may complicate pharmacological treatment and could contribute to lack or poor response to the therapy. Despite the clinical relevance, no reviews have been recently published on the possible neurobiological underpinnings of this comorbidity, which is still unclear. An integrative view exploring this topic should take into account the following aspects: (i) the implication for glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmission as demonstrated by genetic findings; (ii) the growing neuroimaging evidence of the common brain regions and dysfunctional circuits involved in both diseases; (iii) the pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and glutamatergic systems as current therapeutic strategies in schizophrenia OCS; (iv) the recent discovery of midbrain dopamine neurons and dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors as orchestrating hubs in repetitive and psychotic behaviors; (v) the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits to both psychosis and OCD neurobiology. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the postsynaptic density as a structural and functional hub for multiple molecular signaling both in schizophrenia and OCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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de Bartolomeis A, Ciccarelli M, De Simone G, Mazza B, Barone A, Vellucci L. Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065945. [PMID: 36983018 PMCID: PMC10051989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness affecting almost 25 million people worldwide and is conceptualized as a disorder of synaptic plasticity and brain connectivity. Antipsychotics are the primary pharmacological treatment after more than sixty years after their introduction in therapy. Two findings hold true for all presently available antipsychotics. First, all antipsychotics occupy the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) as an antagonist or partial agonist, even if with different affinity; second, D2R occupancy is the necessary and probably the sufficient mechanism for antipsychotic effect despite the complexity of antipsychotics' receptor profile. D2R occupancy is followed by coincident or divergent intracellular mechanisms, implying the contribution of cAMP regulation, β-arrestin recruitment, and phospholipase A activation, to quote some of the mechanisms considered canonical. However, in recent years, novel mechanisms related to dopamine function beyond or together with D2R occupancy have emerged. Among these potentially non-canonical mechanisms, the role of Na2+ channels at the dopamine at the presynaptic site, dopamine transporter (DAT) involvement as the main regulator of dopamine concentration at synaptic clefts, and the putative role of antipsychotics as chaperones for intracellular D2R sequestration, should be included. These mechanisms expand the fundamental role of dopamine in schizophrenia therapy and may have relevance to considering putatively new strategies for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), an extremely severe condition epidemiologically relevant and affecting almost 30% of schizophrenia patients. Here, we performed a critical evaluation of the role of antipsychotics in synaptic plasticity, focusing on their canonical and non-canonical mechanisms of action relevant to the treatment of schizophrenia and their subsequent implication for the pathophysiology and potential therapy of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazza
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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4
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The BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex is involved in the development of pain aversion in rats with bone cancer via NR2B and ERK-CREB signaling. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Romanova Z, Hlavacova N, Jezova D. Psychotropic Drug Effects on Steroid Stress Hormone Release and Possible Mechanisms Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020908. [PMID: 35055090 PMCID: PMC8779609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that chronic stress accompanied by adrenocortical stress hormone release affects the development and treatment outcome of several mental disorders. Less attention has been paid to the effects of psychotropic drugs on adrenocortical steroids, particularly in clinical studies. This review focuses on the knowledge related to the possible modulation of cortisol and aldosterone secretion under non-stress and stress conditions by antipsychotic drugs, which are being used in the treatment of several psychotic and affective disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which antipsychotic drugs may influence steroid stress hormones include the modulation of central and/or adrenocortical dopamine and serotonin receptors, modulation of inflammatory cytokines, influence on regulatory mechanisms in the central part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene promoters, influencing glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene transcription, indirect effects via prolactin release, alteration of signaling pathways of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions. Clinical studies performed in healthy subjects, patients with psychosis, and patients with bipolar disorder suggest that single and repeated antipsychotic treatments either reduce cortisol concentrations or do not affect its secretion. A single and potentially long-term treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists, including antipsychotics, has a stimulatory action on aldosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Romanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.R.); (N.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.R.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Lana Frankle BS. Expanding on possible mechanisms for tardive dyskinesia: A response to Ali, Roque, and Mallakh. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110248. [PMID: 33254552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B S Lana Frankle
- Kent State University, College of Arts and Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, 1275 University Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, United States.
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Antipsychotic Drugs Reverse MK801-Inhibited Cell Migration and F-actin Condensation by Modulating the Rho Signaling Pathway in B35 Cells. Behav Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4163274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. MK801-induced psychotic symptoms and also the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) expression and cell division control protein 42 (cdc42) mRNA modulation in the rat brain have been investigated. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have been reported to induce Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) pathway regulation related to cytoskeleton reorganization in neuronal cells. It will be necessary to clarify the effects of APDs on MK801-induced RhoGDI signaling regulation in neuronal cells. Methods. B35 neuronal cells were treated with MK801 for 7 days then treated with MK801 in combination with haloperidol or clozapine for a further 7 days. Cell migration, F-actin condensation, and RhoGDI signaling regulation were examined to investigate the regulatory effects of MK801, haloperidol, and clozapine in B35 neuronal cells. Results. MK801 reduced B35 cell migration, whereas both haloperidol and clozapine reversed the reduction in cell migration induced by MK801. Haloperidol and clozapine restored F-actin condensation after it was diminished by MK801 in B35 cell nuclei. MK801 increased the RhoGDI1 and RhoA expression, which was diminished by the addition of haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the CDC42 expression, which was restored by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), profilin1 (PFN1), and neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) expression, which was further reduced by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 also increased the phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and c-jun expression, which was decreased by haloperidol and clozapine. p21 (RAC1-) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) expression was not affected by MK801.
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Nakamura Y, Nakamura Y, Pelosi A, Djemai B, Debacker C, Hervé D, Girault JA, Tsurugizawa T. fMRI detects bilateral brain network activation following unilateral chemogenetic activation of direct striatal projection neurons. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Phosphodiesterases PDE2A and PDE10A both change mRNA expression in the human brain with age, but only PDE2A changes in a region-specific manner with psychiatric disease. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109592. [PMID: 32119913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies implicate altered cyclic nucleotide signaling in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). As such, we explored how phosphodiesterases 2A (PDE2A) and 10A (PDE10A)-enzymes that break down cyclic nucleotides-may be altered in brains of these patients. Using autoradiographic in situ hybridization on postmortem brain tissue from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium, we measured expression of PDE2 and PDE10 mRNA in multiple brain regions implicated in psychiatric pathophysiology, including cingulate cortex, orbital frontal cortex (OFC), superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, amygdala, and the striatum. We also assessed how PDE2A and PDE10A expression changes in these brain regions across development using the Allen Institute for Brain Science Brainspan database. Compared to controls, patients with SCZ, MDD and BPD all showed reduced PDE2A mRNA in the amygdala. In contrast, PDE2A expression changes in frontal cortical regions were only significant in patients with SCZ, while those in caudal entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and the striatum were most pronounced in patients with BPD. PDE10A expression was only detected in striatum and did not differ by disease group; however, all groups showed significantly less PDE10A mRNA expression in ventral versus dorsal striatum. Across development, PDE2A mRNA increased in these brain regions; whereas, PDE10A mRNA expression decreased in all regions except striatum. Thus, PDE2A mRNA expression changes in both a disorder- and brain region-specific manner, potentially implicating PDE2A as a novel diagnostic and/or patient-selection biomarker or therapeutic target.
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10
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Khan MM, Xiao J, Hollingsworth TJ, Patel D, Selley DE, Ring TL, LeDoux MS. Gnal haploinsufficiency causes genomic instability and increased sensitivity to haloperidol. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:61-70. [PMID: 31034808 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GNAL encodes guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit Gα(olf) which plays a key role in striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN)-dopamine signaling. GNAL loss-of-function mutations are causally-associated with isolated dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures. Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockers such as haloperidol are mainstays in the treatment of psychosis but may contribute to the development of secondary acute and tardive dystonia. Administration of haloperidol promotes cAMP-dependent signaling in D2R-expressing indirect pathway MSNs. At present, little is known about the cellular relationships among isolated, acute, and tardive dystonia. Herein, we report the effects of acute D2R blockade on motor behavior, DNA repair, cAMP-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and cell death in Gnal+/- mice and their isogenic Gnal+/+ littermates. In comparison to Gnal+/+ littermates, Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased catalepsy responses, persistent DNA breaks, decreased cAMP-dependent histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and increased cell death in response to haloperidol. In striatum, aged Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased global DNA methylation, increased euchromatin, and dendritic structural abnormalities. Our results provide evidence that Gα(olf) deficiency intensifies the effects of D2R antagonism and suggests that loss-of-function variants in GNAL may increase risk for movement disorders associated with D2R blockers. We hypothesize that the effects of Gα(olf) dysfunction and/or long-term D2R antagonism may lead to epigenetic silencing, transcriptional dysregulation, and, ultimately, cellular senescence and/or apoptosis in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - T J Hollingsworth
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Damini Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Trevor L Ring
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Valjent E, Biever A, Gangarossa G, Puighermanal E. Dopamine signaling in the striatum. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:375-396. [PMID: 31036297 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The striatum integrates dopamine-mediated reward signals to generate appropriate behavior in response to glutamate-mediated sensory cues. Such associative learning relies on enduring neural plasticity in striatal GABAergic spiny projection neurons which, when altered, can lead to the development of a wide variety of pathological states. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the intracellular signaling mechanisms in dopamine-related behaviors and pathologies. Through the prism of the regulation of histone H3 and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation, we review how dopamine-mediated signaling events regulate gene transcription and mRNA translation. Particularly, we focus on the intracellular cascades controlling these phosphorylations downstream of the modulation of dopamine receptors by psychostimulants, antipsychotics and l-DOPA. Finally, we highlight the importance to precisely determine in which neuronal populations these signaling events occur in order to understand how they participate in remodeling neural circuits and altering dopamine-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Valjent
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Anne Biever
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emma Puighermanal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hernandez G, Mahmoudi S, Cyr M, Diaz J, Blanchet PJ, Lévesque D. Tardive dyskinesia is associated with altered putamen Akt/GSK‐3β signaling in nonhuman primates. Mov Disord 2019; 34:717-726. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Souha Mahmoudi
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Michel Cyr
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Moléculaire, Dép. de Biologie MédicaleUniversité du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières Quebec Canada
| | - Jorge Diaz
- INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesUniversité Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Pierre J. Blanchet
- Dép. de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine DentaireUniversité de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
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13
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Pan B, Lian J, Deng C. Chronic antipsychotic treatment differentially modulates protein kinase A- and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-dependent signaling pathways, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors in nucleus accumbens of juvenile rats. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:1252-1263. [PMID: 30136620 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118788822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotics are developed to treat mental disorders in adults; however, the prescription (mostly "off-label") of antipsychotics for children/adolescents has been constantly increasing over years. The influences of antipsychotics on juveniles requires investigation to validate their clinic use. Antipsychotics mainly exert their effects via several receptors and signaling pathways. AIMS This study examined the effects of aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone on selected signaling pathways, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors in juveniles. METHODS Rats were orally administered aripiprazole (1 mg/kg), olanzapine (1 mg/kg), risperidone (0.3 mg/kg), or vehicle three times/day from postnatal day 23 (±1 day) for three weeks. The effects of antipsychotics in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen were measured by Western blots. RESULTS In the nucleus accumbens, all three drugs differentially increased N-methyl-D-aspartate and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor expression. Additionally, all three antipsychotics differentially elevated the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, β-catenin, and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1. In the caudate putamen, olanzapine increased β-catenin phosphorylation; and aripiprazole and olanzapine elevated γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor levels. Correlation analysis indicated that antipsychotics might modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors via glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-β-catenin signaling and/or cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that antipsychotics can affect protein kinase A- and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-dependent signaling pathways in juveniles; and their modulation on N-methyl-D-aspartate and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors is probably through glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-β-catenin signaling and/or cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- 1 The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China.,4 School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiamei Lian
- 3 Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- 3 Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Cell type-specific activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in D1 receptor-expressing neurons of the nucleus accumbens potentiates stimulus-reward learning in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14413. [PMID: 30258218 PMCID: PMC6158283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium spiny neurons (MSN) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are a fundamental component of various aspects of motivated behavior. Although mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a crucial role in several types of learning, the cell type-specific role of MAPK pathway in stimulus-reward learning and motivation remains unclear. We herein investigated the role of MAPK in accumbal MSNs in reward-associated learning and memory. During the acquisition of Pavlovian conditioning, the number of phosphorylated MAPK1/3-positive cells was increased significantly and exclusively in the NAc core by 7-days of extensive training. MAPK signaling in the respective D1R- and D2R-MSNs was manipulated by transfecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV) plasmid into the NAc of Drd1a-Cre and Drd2-Cre transgenic mice. Potentiation of MAPK signaling shifted the learning curve of Pavlovian conditioning to the left only in Drd1a-Cre mice, whereas such manipulation in D2R-MSNs had negligible effects. In contrast, MAPK manipulation in D2R-MSNs of the NAc core significantly increased motivation for food rewards as found in Drd1a-Cre mice. These results suggest that MAPK signaling in the D1R-MSNs of NAc core plays an important role in stimulus-reward learning, while MAPK signaling in both D1R- and D2R-MSNs is involved in motivation for natural rewards.
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15
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Wang H, Xu J, Lazarovici P, Quirion R, Zheng W. cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB): A Possible Signaling Molecule Link in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:255. [PMID: 30214393 PMCID: PMC6125665 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. The dopamine hypothesis states that, in schizophrenia, dopaminergic signal transduction is hyperactive. The cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is an intracellular protein that regulates the expression of genes that are important in dopaminergic neurons. Dopamine affects the phosphorylation of CREB via G protein-coupled receptors. Neurotrophins, such as brain derived growth factor (BDNF), are critical regulators during neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. The CREB is one of the major regulators of neurotrophin responses since phosphorylated CREB binds to a specific sequence in the promoter of BDNF and regulates its transcription. Moreover, susceptibility genes associated with schizophrenia also target and stimulate the activity of CREB. Abnormalities of CREB expression is observed in the brain of individuals suffering from schizophrenia, and two variants (-933T to C and -413G to A) were found only in schizophrenic patients. The CREB was also involved in the therapy of animal models of schizophrenia. Collectively, these findings suggest a link between CREB and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This review provides an overview of CREB structure, expression, and biological functions in the brain and its interaction with dopamine signaling, neurotrophins, and susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. Animal models in which CREB function is modulated, by either overexpression of the protein or knocked down through gene deletion/mutation, implicating CREB in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs efficacy are also discussed. Targeting research and drug development on CREB could potentially accelerate the development of novel medications against schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Remi Quirion
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
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16
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Yong M, Yu T, Tian S, Liu S, Xu J, Hu J, Hu L. DR2 blocker thioridazine: A promising drug for ovarian cancer therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8171-8177. [PMID: 29344260 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) may be a biomarker for various types of cancer. Ovarian cancer cells overexpress DR2; therefore, blocking DR2 may be a novel treatment strategy for ovarian cancer. Thioridazine, a DR2 blocker, has antineoplastic activity in a variety of cancer cells. In view of the requirement for novel therapeutic agents in ovarian cancer, the present study aimed to determine the potential effects of thioridazine in vitro and in vivo. It was revealed that the DR2 blocker thioridazine induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner in ovarian cancer cells. Thioridazine treatment induced apoptosis and autophagy, which may be attributed to an increased level of reactive oxygen species and associated DNA damage. Additionally, the expression of various proteins increased with oxidative stress, including nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, which is a pivotal transcriptional factor involved in cellular responses to oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase 1, NAPDH quinone dehydrogenase 1 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α and phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B expression was significantly decreased, and the expression level of p-extracellular signal-related kinases and p-P38 was increased. Using 3-methyl adenine to inhibit autophagy caused the rate of apoptosis to increase. Thioridazine inhibited the growth of SKOV3 xenografts in nude mice. The present study demonstrated that the DR2 blocker thioridazine exhibited anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that thioridazine may be used as a potential drug in ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Si Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Shuaibin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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Wang H, Farhan M, Xu J, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. The involvement of DARPP-32 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53791-53803. [PMID: 28881851 PMCID: PMC5581150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating heterogeneous psychiatric disorders. The dopamine hypothesis is the longest standing pathoetiologic theory of schizophrenia based on neurochemical evidences of elevated brain striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and increased dopamine release in response to stress. Dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein of relative molecular mass 32,000 (DARPP-32) is a cytosolic protein highly enriched in the medium spiny neurons of the neostriatum, considered as the most important integrator between the cortical input and the basal ganglia, and associated with motor control. Accumulating evidences has indicated the involvement of DARPP-32 in the development of schizophrenia; i. DARPP-32 phosphorylation is regulated by several neurotransmitters, including dopamine and glutamate, neurotransmitters implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis; ii. decrease of both total and phosphorylated DARPP-32 in the prefrontal cortex are observed in schizophrenic animal models; iii. postmortem brain studies indicated decreased expression of DARPP-32 protein in the superior temporal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia; iv. DARPP-32 phosphorylation is increased upon therapy with antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol and risperidone which improve behavioral performance in experimental animal models and patients; v. Genetic analysis of the gene coding for DARPP-32 propose an association with schizophrenia. Cumulatively, these findings implicate DARPP-32 protein in schizophrenia and propose it as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we summarize the possible roles of DARPP-32 during the development of schizophrenia and make some recommendations for future research. We propose that DARPP-32 and its interacting proteins may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Clozapine as the most efficacious antipsychotic for activating ERK 1/2 kinases: Role of 5-HT 2A receptor agonism. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:383-398. [PMID: 28283227 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotics (APDs) are divided into first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) based on the concept that SGAs have reduced motor side effects. With this premise, this study examined in HeLa and other cell lines the effects of different APDs on the activation of ERK1/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases) and AKT (Protein Kinase B) kinases, which may be affected in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Among the SGAs, Clozapine clearly resulted as the most effective drug inducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation with potency in the low micromolar range. Quetiapine and Olanzapine showed a maximal response of about 50% compared to Clozapine, while FGAs such as Haloperidol and Sulpiride did not have any relevant effect. Among FGAs, Chlorpromazine was able to partially activate ERK1/2 at 30% compared to Clozapine. Referring to AKT activation, Clozapine, Quetiapine and Olanzapine demonstrated a similar efficacy, while FGAs, besides Chlorpromazine, were incapable to obtain any particular biological response. In relation to ERK1/2 activation, we found that 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonists Ketanserin and M100907, both partially reduced Clozapine effect. In addition, we also observed an increase of potency of Clozapine effect in HeLa transfected cells with recombinant 5-HT2A receptor and in rat glioma C6 cells that express a higher amount of this receptor. This indicates that ERK1/2 stimulation induced by Clozapine could, to some extent, be mediated by 5-HT2A receptor, through a novel mechanism that is called "biased agonism", even though other cellular targets are involved. This evidence may be relevant to explain the superiority of Clozapine among the APDs.
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Yin J, Barr AM, Ramos-Miguel A, Procyshyn RM. Antipsychotic Induced Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:174-183. [PMID: 27264948 PMCID: PMC5327459 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160606093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic prescription of antipsychotics seems to lose its therapeutic benefits in the prevention of recurring psychotic symptoms. In many instances, the occurrence of relapse from initial remission is followed by an increase in dose of the prescribed antipsychotic. The current understanding of why this occurs is still in its infancy, but a controversial idea that has regained attention recently is the notion of iatrogenic dopamine supersensitivity. Studies on cell cultures and animal models have shown that long-term antipsychotic use is linked to both an upregulation of dopamine D<sub>2</sub>-receptors in the striatum and the emergence of enhanced receptor affinity to endogenous dopamine. These findings have been hypothesized to contribute to the phenomenon known as dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP), which has been clinically typified as the foundation of rebound psychosis, drug tolerance, and tardive dyskinesia. The focus of this review is the update of evidence behind the classification of antipsychotic induced DSP and an investigation of its relationship to treatment resistance. Since antipsychotics are the foundation of illness management, a greater understanding of DSP and its prevention may greatly affect patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Ric M. Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 2A1, Canada
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20
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Giné E, Echeverry-Alzate V, Lopez-Moreno JA, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Perez-Castillo A, Santos A. The CB1 receptor is required for the establishment of the hyperlocomotor phenotype in developmentally-induced hypothyroidism in mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 116:132-141. [PMID: 28017790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in motor functions are well-characterized features observed in humans and experimental animals with thyroid hormone dysfunctions during development. We have previously suggested the implication of the endocannabinoid system in the hyperlocomotor phenotype observed in developmentally induced hypothyroidism in rats. In this work we have further analyzed the implication of endocannabinoids in the effect of hypothyroidism on locomotor activity. To this end, we evaluated the locomotor activity in adult mice lacking the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R-/-) and in their wild type littermates (CB1R+/+), whose hypothyroidism was induced in day 12 of gestation and maintained during the experimental period. Our results show that hypothyroidism induced a hyperlocomotor phenotype only in CB1R+/+, but not in CB1R-/- mice. In contrast with our previous results in rats, the expression of CB1R in striatum and the motor response to the cannabinoid agonist HU210 was unaltered in hypothyroid CB1R+/+ mice suggesting that the cannabinoid system is not altered by hypothyroidism. Also, no effect of HU210 was observed in locomotion of CB1R-/- mice. Finally, since the dopaminergic system plays a major role in the control of locomotor activity we studied its function in hypothyroid wild type and knockout animals. Our results show no alteration in the behavioral response induced by the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF38393. However we observed a decreased response to the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol only in hypothyroid CB1R+/+ mice, which might indicate potential alterations in D2R signaling in these animals. In conclusion, our data suggest that the cannabinoid system is necessary for the induction of hyperlocomotor phenotype in mice with developmentally induced hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giné
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Fundación IMABIS, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
| | - Angel Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Differential regulation of the phosphorylation of Trimethyl-lysine27 histone H3 at serine 28 in distinct populations of striatal projection neurons. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Pan B, Huang XF, Deng C. Chronic administration of aripiprazole activates GSK3β-dependent signalling pathways, and up-regulates GABAA receptor expression and CREB1 activity in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30040. [PMID: 27435909 PMCID: PMC4951756 DOI: 10.1038/srep30040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aripiprazole is a D2-like receptor (D2R) partial agonist with a favourable clinical profile. Previous investigations indicated that acute and short-term administration of aripiprazole had effects on PKA activity, GSK3β-dependent pathways, GABAA receptors, NMDA receptor and CREB1 in the brain. Since antipsychotics are used chronically in clinics, the present study investigated the long-term effects of chronic oral aripiprazole treatment on these cellular signalling pathways, in comparison with haloperidol (a D2R antagonist) and bifeprunox (a potent D2R partial agonist). We found that the Akt-GSK3β pathway was activated by aripiprazole and bifeprunox in the prefrontal cortex; NMDA NR2A levels were reduced by aripiprazole and haloperidol. In the nucleus accumbens, all three drugs increased Akt-GSK3β signalling; in addition, both aripiprazole and haloperidol, but not bifeprunox, increased the expression of Dvl-3, β-catenin and GABAA receptors, NMDA receptor subunits, as well as CREB1 phosphorylation levels. The results suggest that chronic oral administration of aripiprazole affects schizophrenia-related cellular signalling pathways and markers (including Akt-GSK3β signalling, Dvl-GSK3β-β-catenin signalling, GABAA receptor, NMDA receptor and CREB1) in a brain-region-dependent manner; the selective effects of aripiprazole on these signalling pathways might be associated with its unique clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
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23
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Guler B, Akbulut H, Geyik C, Barlas FB, Demirkol DO, Coskunol H, Timur S, Yagci Y. Functional poly(p-phenylene)s as targeting and drug carrier materials. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1157797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pan B, Lian J, Huang XF, Deng C. Aripiprazole Increases the PKA Signalling and Expression of the GABAA Receptor and CREB1 in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:36-47. [PMID: 26894264 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The GABAA receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and regulated by PKA signalling. Current antipsychotics bind with D2-like receptors, but not the GABAA receptor. The cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) is also associated with PKA signalling and may be related to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. This study investigated the effects of antipsychotics in modulating D2-mediated PKA signalling and its downstream GABAA receptors and CREB1. Rats were treated orally with aripiprazole (0.75 mg/kg, ter in die (t.i.d.)), bifeprunox (0.8 mg/kg, t.i.d.), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, t.i.d.) or vehicle for 1 week. The levels of PKA-Cα and p-PKA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate putamen (CPu) were detected by Western blots. The mRNA levels of Gabrb1, Gabrb2, Gabrb3 and Creb1, and their protein expression were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blots, respectively. Aripiprazole elevated the levels of p-PKA and the ratio of p-PKA/PKA in the NAc, but not the PFC and CPu. Correlated with this elevated PKA signalling, aripiprazole elevated the mRNA and protein expression of the GABAA (β-1) receptor and CREB1 in the NAc. While haloperidol elevated the levels of p-PKA and the ratio of p-PKA/PKA in both NAc and CPu, it only tended to increase the expression of the GABAA (β-1) receptor and CREB1 in the NAc, but not the CPu. Bifeprunox had no effects on PKA signalling in these brain regions. These results suggest that aripiprazole has selective effects on upregulating the GABAA (β-1) receptor and CREB1 in the NAc, probably via activating PKA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jiamei Lian
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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25
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Kedracka-Krok S, Swiderska B, Jankowska U, Skupien-Rabian B, Solich J, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. Stathmin reduction and cytoskeleton rearrangement in rat nucleus accumbens in response to clozapine and risperidone treatment - Comparative proteomic study. Neuroscience 2015; 316:63-81. [PMID: 26708747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex network of anatomical connections of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) makes it an interface responsible for the selection and integration of cognitive and affective information to modulate appetitive or aversively motivated behaviour. There is evidence for NAc dysfunction in schizophrenia. NAc also seems to be important for antipsychotic drug action, but the biochemical characteristics of drug-induced alterations within NAc remain incompletely characterized. In this study, a comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed to describe the differences in the mechanisms of action of clozapine (CLO) and risperidone (RIS) in the rat NAc. Both antipsychotics influenced the level of microtubule-regulating proteins, i.e., stathmin, and proteins of the collapsin response mediator protein family (CRMPs), and only CLO affected NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 and septin 6. Both antipsychotics induced changes in levels of other cytoskeleton-related proteins. CLO exclusively up-regulated proteins involved in neuroprotection, such as glutathione synthetase, heat-shock 70-kDa protein 8 and mitochondrial heat-shock protein 75. RIS tuned cell function by changing the pattern of post-translational modifications of some proteins: it down-regulated the phosphorylated forms of stathmin and dopamine and the cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) isoform but up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). RIS modulated the level and phosphorylation state of synaptic proteins: synapsin-2, synaptotagmin-1 and adaptor-related protein-2 (AP-2) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Structural Biology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - B Swiderska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - U Jankowska
- Department of Structural Biology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Skupien-Rabian
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Solich
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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26
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Scheggi S, Pelliccia T, Ferrari A, De Montis M, Gambarana C. Impramine, fluoxetine and clozapine differently affected reactivity to positive and negative stimuli in a model of motivational anhedonia in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 291:189-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Nitric oxide regulates synaptic transmission between spiny projection neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17636-41. [PMID: 25413364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420162111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent axon collaterals are a major means of communication between spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the striatum and profoundly affect the function of the basal ganglia. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this communication. We show that intrastriatal nitric oxide (NO) signaling elevates the expression of the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) within recurrent collaterals of SPNs. Down-regulation of striatal NO signaling resulted in an attenuation of GABAergic signaling in SPN local collaterals, down-regulation of VGAT expression in local processes of SPNs, and impaired motor behavior. PKG1 and cAMP response element-binding protein are involved in the signal transduction that transcriptionally regulates VGAT by NO. These data suggest that transcriptional control of the vesicular GABA transporter by NO regulates GABA transmission and action selection.
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28
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Seo MS, Scarr E, Lai CY, Dean B. Potential molecular and cellular mechanism of psychotropic drugs. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 12:94-110. [PMID: 25191500 PMCID: PMC4153869 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2014.12.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are among the most debilitating of all medical illnesses. Whilst there are drugs that can be used to treat these disorders, they give sub-optimal recovery in many people and a significant number of individuals do not respond to any treatments and remain treatment resistant. Surprisingly, the mechanism by which psychotropic drugs cause their therapeutic benefits remain unknown but likely involves the underlying molecular pathways affected by the drugs. Hence, in this review, we have focused on recent findings on the molecular mechanism affected by antipsychotic, mood stabilizing and antidepressant drugs at the levels of epigenetics, intracellular signalling cascades and microRNAs. We posit that understanding these important interactions will result in a better understanding of how these drugs act which in turn may aid in considering how to develop drugs with better efficacy or increased therapeutic reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Suk Seo
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Scarr
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Kuo YL, Yang YK, Cheng HC, Yen CJ, Chen PS. Psychotic disorder induced by a combination of sorafenib and BAY86-9766. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:450.e5-7. [PMID: 24773940 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-ERK cascade is important in the intra-cellular transduction of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate. Sorafenib (Nexavar), a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting Raf kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor, has shown promising results in the treatment of malignancies. BAY86-9766, a novel selective MEK 1/2 inhibitor, is being evaluated in clinical trials as an anticancer drug. We describe herein a hepatocellular carcinoma patient presenting with recurrent psychotic symptoms in the course of the BASIL trial (assessing BAY86-9766 plus sorafenib for the treatment of liver cancer). In this case, VEGFR inhibition caused by sorafenib alone may have contributed to the development of psychosis. A change in ERK activity might also have been involved. However, whether single or combination use of the two drugs is responsible for inducing the psychotic symptoms remains unclear. In summary, the role of the ERK pathway in psychosis is still vague. Further investigation of the ERK activity in patients with psychotic disorders may disclose its role in the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Lin Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia Jui Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.
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30
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de Bartolomeis A, Buonaguro EF, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C. The emerging role of dopamine-glutamate interaction and of the postsynaptic density in bipolar disorder pathophysiology: Implications for treatment. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:505-26. [PMID: 24554693 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114523864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant synaptic plasticity, originating from abnormalities in dopamine and/or glutamate transduction pathways, may contribute to the complex clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder (BD). Dopamine and glutamate systems cross-talk at multiple levels, such as at the postsynaptic density (PSD). The PSD is a structural and functional protein mesh implicated in dopamine and glutamate-mediated synaptic plasticity. Proteins at PSD have been demonstrated to be involved in mood disorders pathophysiology and to be modulated by antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. On the other side, post-receptor effectors such as protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), which are implicated in both molecular abnormalities and treatment of BD, may interact with PSD proteins, and participate in the interplay of the dopamine-glutamate signalling pathway. In this review, we describe emerging evidence on the molecular cross-talk between dopamine and glutamate signalling in BD pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment, mainly focusing on dysfunctions in PSD molecules. We also aim to discuss future therapeutic strategies that could selectively target the PSD-mediated signalling cascade at the crossroads of dopamine-glutamate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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31
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Free RB, Chun LS, Moritz AE, Miller BN, Doyle TB, Conroy JL, Padron A, Meade JA, Xiao J, Hu X, Dulcey AE, Han Y, Duan L, Titus S, Bryant-Genevier M, Barnaeva E, Ferrer M, Javitch JA, Beuming T, Shi L, Southall NT, Marugan JJ, Sibley DR. Discovery and characterization of a G protein-biased agonist that inhibits β-arrestin recruitment to the D2 dopamine receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:96-105. [PMID: 24755247 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput screening campaign was conducted to interrogate a 380,000+ small-molecule library for novel D2 dopamine receptor modulators using a calcium mobilization assay. Active agonist compounds from the primary screen were examined for orthogonal D2 dopamine receptor signaling activities including cAMP modulation and β-arrestin recruitment. Although the majority of the subsequently confirmed hits activated all signaling pathways tested, several compounds showed a diminished ability to stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. One such compound (MLS1547; 5-chloro-7-[(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]quinolin-8-ol) is a highly efficacious agonist at D2 receptor-mediated G protein-linked signaling, but does not recruit β-arrestin as demonstrated using two different assays. This compound does, however, antagonize dopamine-stimulated β-arrestin recruitment to the D2 receptor. In an effort to investigate the chemical scaffold of MLS1547 further, we characterized a set of 24 analogs of MLS1547 with respect to their ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation or stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. A number of the analogs were similar to MLS1547 in that they displayed agonist activity for inhibiting cAMP accumulation, but did not stimulate β-arrestin recruitment (i.e., they were highly biased). In contrast, other analogs displayed various degrees of G protein signaling bias. These results provided the basis to use pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking analyses to build a preliminary structure-activity relationship of the functionally selective properties of this series of compounds. In summary, we have identified and characterized a novel G protein-biased agonist of the D2 dopamine receptor and identified structural features that may contribute to its biased signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Lani S Chun
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Brittney N Miller
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Trevor B Doyle
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Jennie L Conroy
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Adrian Padron
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Julie A Meade
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Xin Hu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Yang Han
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Lihua Duan
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Steve Titus
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Melanie Bryant-Genevier
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Thijs Beuming
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Noel T Southall
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
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Almela P, García-Carmona JA, Martínez-Laorden E, Milanés MV, Laorden ML. Crosstalk between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and tyrosine kinase receptor (TXR) in the heart after morphine withdrawal. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:164. [PMID: 24409147 PMCID: PMC3873507 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large family of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction. These receptors are linked to a variety of physiological and biological processes such as regulation of neurotransmission, growth, and cell differentiation among others. Some of the effects of GPCRs are known to be mediated by the activation of mitogen-activated extracellular kinase (MAPK) pathways. Cross-talk among various signal pathways plays an important role in activation of intracellular and intranuclear signal transduction cascades. Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal leads to an up-regulation of adenyl cyclase-mediated signaling, resulting in high expression of protein kinase (PK) A. In addition, there is also an increased expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), one member of MAPK. For this reason, the crosstalk between these GPCRs and receptors with tyrosine kinase activity (TKR) can be considered a possible mechanism for adaptive changes that occurs after morphine withdrawal. Morphine withdrawal activates ERK1/2 and phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) at Ser31 in the right and left ventricle. When N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (HA-1004), a PKA inhibitor was infused, the ability of morphine withdrawal to activate ERK, which phosphorylates TH at Ser31, was reduced. The present finding demonstrated that the enhancement of ERK1/2 expression and the phosphorylation state of TH at Ser31 during morphine withdrawal are dependent on PKA and suggest cross-talk between PKA and ERK1/2 transduction pathway mediating morphine withdrawal-induced activation of TH. Increasing understanding of the mechanisms that interconnect the two pathway regulated by GPCRs and TKRs may facilitate the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Almela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María-Luisa Laorden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia Murcia, Spain
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Role of MKP-1 (DUSP1) in clozapine-induced effects on the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the rat frontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 230:425-37. [PMID: 23771439 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clozapine affects the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in the brain, which plays an important role in its antipsychotic action. However, previous findings are inconsistent, and related molecular mechanisms require further clarification. OBJECTIVES Time- and dose-dependent effects of clozapine on the ERK1/2 pathway and its regulatory mechanism were investigated in rat frontal cortex. METHODS AND RESULTS At 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after intraperitoneal injection of clozapine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), changes in ERK1/2, its upstream canonical kinases (Raf1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 [MEK1/2]), and its downstream molecule (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase [p90RSK]) were investigated in rat frontal cortex. At 15 min, p-Raf1, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and p-p90RSK all increased dose-dependently. At 30 min, p-ERK1/2 and p-p90RSK showed no significant changes, while dose-dependent increases in p-Raf1 and p-MEK1/2 were found. At 60 and 120 min, although p-ERK1/2 and p-p90RSK decreased, increases in p-Raf1 and p-MEK1/2 were maintained. A clozapine-induced reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation was evident at both tyrosine and threonine residues, suggesting the involvement of dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs; mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases [MKPs]). mRNA expression of seven Dusps that can dephosphorylate ERK1/2 were examined; Mkp-1 (Dusp1) mRNA increased following clozapine treatment. Moreover, MKP-1 protein and phosphatase activity increased, and binding of MKP-1 to ERK1/2 was also upregulated by clozapine administration. CONCLUSIONS In rat frontal cortex, clozapine regulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation via MKP-1, which induces uncoupling between Raf1-MEK1/2 and ERK1/2-p90RSK activity. These findings suggest an important role of MKP-1 in the mechanism of action of clozapine.
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Baik JH. Dopamine signaling in reward-related behaviors. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:152. [PMID: 24130517 PMCID: PMC3795306 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) regulates emotional and motivational behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Changes in DA mesolimbic neurotransmission have been found to modify behavioral responses to various environmental stimuli associated with reward behaviors. Psychostimulants, drugs of abuse, and natural reward such as food can cause substantial synaptic modifications to the mesolimbic DA system. Recent studies using optogenetics and DREADDs, together with neuron-specific or circuit-specific genetic manipulations have improved our understanding of DA signaling in the reward circuit, and provided a means to identify the neural substrates of complex behaviors such as drug addiction and eating disorders. This review focuses on the role of the DA system in drug addiction and food motivation, with an overview of the role of D1 and D2 receptors in the control of reward-associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Baik
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University Seoul, South Korea
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Intracellular pathways of antipsychotic combined therapies: implication for psychiatric disorders treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:502-23. [PMID: 23834777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in the interplay among multiple neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in the wide range of behavioral, emotional and cognitive symptoms displayed by major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depression. The complex clinical presentation of these pathologies often needs the use of multiple pharmacological treatments, in particular (1) when monotherapy provides insufficient improvement of the core symptoms; (2) when there are concurrent additional symptoms requiring more than one class of medication and (3) in order to improve tolerability, by using two compounds below their individual dose thresholds to limit side effects. To date, the choice of drug combinations is based on empirical paradigm guided by clinical response. Nonetheless, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that drugs commonly used to treat psychiatric disorders may impact common intracellular target molecules (e.g. Akt/GSK-3 pathway, MAP kinases pathway, postsynaptic density proteins). These findings support the hypothesis that convergence at crucial steps of transductional pathways could be responsible for synergistic effects obtained in clinical practice by the co-administration of those apparently heterogeneous pharmacological compounds. Here we review the most recent evidence on the molecular crossroads in antipsychotic combined therapies with antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and benzodiazepines, as well as with antipsychotics. We first discuss clinical clues and efficacy of such combinations. Then we focus on the pharmacodynamics and on the intracellular pathways underpinning the synergistic, or concurrent, effects of each therapeutic add-on strategy, as well as we also critically appraise how pharmacological research may provide new insights on the putative molecular mechanisms underlying major psychiatric disorders.
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Calati R, Crisafulli C, Balestri M, Serretti A, Spina E, Calabrò M, Sidoti A, Albani D, Massat I, Höfer P, Amital D, Juven-Wetzler A, Kasper S, Zohar J, Souery D, Montgomery S, Mendlewicz J. Evaluation of the role of MAPK1 and CREB1 polymorphisms on treatment resistance, response and remission in mood disorder patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 44:271-8. [PMID: 23537502 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is a significant clinical and public health problem. Among others, neuroplasticity and inflammatory pathways seem to play a crucial role in the pathomechanisms of antidepressant efficacy. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within two genes implicated in neuroplasticity and inflammatory processes (the mitogen activated protein kinase 1, MAPK1 (rs3810608, rs6928, rs13515 and rs8136867), and the cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein 1, CREB1 (rs889895, rs6740584, rs2551922 and rs2254137)) was associated with antidepressant treatment resistance (according to two different definitions), in 285 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients. As secondary aims, we investigated the genetic modulation of the same SNPs on response, remission and other clinical features both in MDD patients and in a larger sample including 82 Bipolar Disorder (BD) patients as well. All patients were screened in the context of a European multicenter project. No association between both the investigated genes and treatment resistance and response was found in MDD patients. However, considering remission, higher rates of CREB1 rs889895 GG genotype were reported in MDD patients. Moreover, MAPK1 rs8136867 AG genotype was found to be associated with remission in the whole sample (MDD and BD). Present results suggest that some genetic polymorphisms in both CREB1 and MAPK1 could be associated with treatment remission. Although further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions, such results are intriguing since suggest a potential role of two genes implicated in neuroplasticity and inflammatory processes in symptom remission after antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Calati
- IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Bonito-Oliva A, Pallottino S, Bertran-Gonzalez J, Girault JA, Valjent E, Fisone G. Haloperidol promotes mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 via dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa and inhibition of protein phosphatase-1. Neuropharmacology 2013; 72:197-203. [PMID: 23643747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is a component of the small 40S ribosomal subunit, involved in multiple physiological functions. Here, we examined the effects produced by haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic drug, on the phosphorylation of rpS6 at Ser240/244 in the striatum, a brain region involved in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. We found that administration of haloperidol increased Ser240/244 phosphorylation in a subpopulation of GABA-ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which preferentially express dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). This effect was abolished by rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), or by PF470867, a selective inhibitor of the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). We also found that the effect of haloperidol on Ser240/244 phosphorylation was prevented by functional inactivation of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1). In line with this observation, incubation of striatal slices with okadaic acid and calyculin A, two inhibitors of PP-1, increased Ser240/244 phosphorylation. These results show that haloperidol promotes mTORC1- and S6K1-dependent phosphorylation of rpS6 at Ser240/244, in a subpopulation of striatal MSNs expressing D2Rs. They also indicate that this effect is exerted by suppressing dephosphorylation at Ser240/244, through PKA-dependent activation of DARPP-32 and inhibition of PP-1.
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Pereira A, Zhang B, Malcolm P, Sundram S. Clozapine regulation of p90RSK and c-Fos signaling via the ErbB1-ERK pathway is distinct from olanzapine and haloperidol in mouse cortex and striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:353-63. [PMID: 23142770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the positive psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia with standard antipsychotic drugs (APDs) is ineffective in a proportion of cases. For these treatment resistant patients the alternative is the APD clozapine which is superior to other agents but carries serious side effects. Why clozapine is uniquely effective is unknown, but we have previously postulated may involve G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (ErbB1) transactivation signaling to the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) cascade. This was based upon clozapine induced initial down-regulation and delayed ErbB1 mediated activation of the cortical and striatal ERK response in vivo distinct from other APDs. This study investigated if modulation of the ErbB1-ERK1/2 pathway by clozapine, olanzapine and haloperidol affected expression of the ERK substrates p90RSK and c-Fos, factors that regulate transcription of proteins associated with neuroplasticity and synapse formation in C57Bl/6 mice. In cortex and striatum, acute clozapine treatment induced biphasic p90RSK phosphorylation via MEK that paralleled ERK phosphorylation independent of EGF receptor blockade. By contrast, olanzapine and haloperidol caused p90RSK phosphorylation that was not concomitant with ERK signaling over a 24-hour period. For c-Fos, clozapine elevated expression 24h after administration, a timeframe consistent with ERK activation at 8h. Alternatively, haloperidol stimulation of c-Fos levels limited to the striatum was in accord with direct transcriptional regulation through ERK. The unique spatio-temporal expression of downstream nuclear markers of the ErbB1-ERK pathway invoked by clozapine may contribute to its effectiveness in treatment resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Pereira
- Department of Molecular Psychopharmacology, Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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Kim SH, Lee HY, Yi H, Ahn YM, Kim YS. Haloperidol induces demethylation and expression of the dual specificity phosphatase 6 gene in MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. Life Sci 2012; 91:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Effects of antipsychotics on dentate gyrus stem cell proliferation and survival in animal models: a critical update. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:832757. [PMID: 23150836 PMCID: PMC3488410 DOI: 10.1155/2012/832757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder. Although a number of different hypotheses have been developed to explain its aetiopathogenesis, we are far from understanding it. There is clinical and experimental evidence indicating that neurodevelopmental factors play a major role. Disturbances in neurodevelopment might result in alterations of neuroanatomy and neurochemistry, leading to the typical symptoms observed in schizophrenia. The present paper will critically address the neurodevelopmental models underlying schizophrenia by discussing the effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics in animal models. We will specifically discuss the vitamin D deficiency model, the poly I:C model, the ketamine model, and the postnatal ventral hippocampal lesion model, all of which reflect core neurodevelopmental issues underlying schizophrenia onset.
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Clozapine induction of ERK1/2 cell signalling via the EGF receptor in mouse prefrontal cortex and striatum is distinct from other antipsychotic drugs. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:1149-60. [PMID: 21943960 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistance remains a major obstacle in schizophrenia, with antipsychotic drugs (APDs) being ineffective in about one third of cases. Poor response to standard therapy leaves the APD clozapine as the only effective treatment for many patients. The reason for the superior efficacy of clozapine is unknown, but as we have proposed previously it may involve modulation of neuroplasticity and connectivity through induction of interconnected mitogenic signalling pathways. These include the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) cascade and epidermal growth factor (EGF)/ErbB systems. Clozapine, distinct from other APDs, induced initial inhibition and subsequent activation of the ERK response in prefrontal cortical (PFC) neurons in vitro and in vivo, an action mediated by the EGF receptor (ErbB1). Here we examine additionally the striatum of C57Bl/6 mice to determine if clozapine, olanzapine, and haloperidol differentially regulate the ERK1/2 pathway in a region or time-specific manner conditional on the EGF receptor. Following acute treatment, only clozapine caused delayed striatal ERK phosphorylation through EGF receptor phosphorylation (tyrosine 1068 site) and MEK that paralleled cortical ERK phosphorylation. Olanzapine induced initial pERK1-specific blockade and an elevation 24-h later in PFC but had no effect in the striatum. By contrast, haloperidol significantly stimulated pERK1 in striatum for up to 8 h, but exerted limited effect in PFC. Clozapine but not olanzapine or haloperidol recruited the EGF receptor to signal to ERK. These in-vivo data reinforce our previous findings that clozapine's action may be uniquely linked to the EGF signalling system, potentially contributing to its distinctive clinical profile.
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Maheux J, St-Hilaire M, Voyer D, Tirotta E, Borrelli E, Rouillard C, Rompré PP, Lévesque D. Dopamine D(2) Antagonist-Induced Striatal Nur77 Expression Requires Activation of mGlu5 Receptors by Cortical Afferents. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:153. [PMID: 22912617 PMCID: PMC3418524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists modulate gene transcription in the striatum. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains elusive. Here we used the expression of Nur77, a transcription factor of the orphan nuclear receptor family, as readout to explore the role of dopamine, glutamate, and adenosine receptors in the effect of a dopamine D2 antagonist in the striatum. First, we investigated D2 antagonist-induced Nur77 mRNA in D2L receptor knockout mice. Surprisingly, deletion of the D2L receptor isoform did not reduce eticlopride-induced upregulation of Nur77 mRNA levels in the striatum. Next, we tested if an ibotenic acid-induced cortical lesion could block the effect of eticlopride on Nur77 expression. Cortical lesions strongly reduced eticlopride-induced striatal upregulation of Nur77 mRNA. Then, we investigated if glutamatergic neurotransmission could modulate eticlopride-induced Nur77 expression. A combination of a metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) and adenosine A2A receptor antagonists abolished eticlopride-induced upregulation of Nur77 mRNA levels in the striatum. Direct modulation of Nur77 expression by striatal glutamate and adenosine receptors was confirmed using corticostriatal organotypic cultures. Taken together, these results indicate that blockade of postsynaptic D2 receptors is not sufficient to trigger striatal transcriptional activity and that interaction with corticostriatal presynaptic D2 receptors and subsequent activation of postsynaptic glutamate and adenosine receptors in the striatum is required. Thus, these results uncover an unappreciated role of presynaptic D2 heteroreceptors and support a prominent role of glutamate in the effect of D2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Maheux
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug that has a greater efficacy than other medications in some contexts, especially for the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, clozapine induces more metabolic side-effects involving abnormality in lipid metabolism compared to other antipsychotics. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in controlling lipid metabolism through modulating the downstream acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of clozapine on the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway in the rat frontal cortex, which has been implicated as a target site for this antipsychotic drug. At 2 h after injection, the clinically relevant dose of clozapine had activated AMPK, with increased phosphorylation of AMPKα at Thr(172), and had inactivated ACC, with increased phosphorylation of ACC at Ser(79). In addition, clozapine activated the brain-specific isoform of CPT1, CPT1c, whose activity is inhibited by unphosphorylated ACC, in the rat frontal cortex. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis showed that clozapine induced an increase in number of p-AMPKα (Thr(172))- and p-ACC (Ser(79))-positive cells among the neurons of the rat frontal cortex. Taken together, these results show that clozapine activated the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway in the neurons of the rat frontal cortex. These findings indicate that the antipsychotic agent clozapine affects the lipid regulatory system of neurons in the brain.
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McCarthy MJ, Duchemin AM, Neff NH, Hadjiconstantinou M. CREB involvement in the regulation of striatal prodynorphin by nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:143-53. [PMID: 22086359 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The transcription factor cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein plays a pivotal role in drug-dependent neuronal plasticity. CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 is enhanced by drugs of abuse, including nicotine. Dynorphin (Dyn) contributes to the addictive process and its precursor gene prodynorphin (PD) is regulated by CREB. PD mRNA and Dyn synthesis were enhanced in the striatum following acute nicotine, suggesting genomic regulation. OBJECTIVE These studies investigated PD transcription in mice acutely treated with nicotine, determined the role of CREB, and characterized the receptors involved. RESULTS Acute nicotine increased adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP, and pCREB Ser133 levels in striatum and enhanced CREB binding to CRE elements (DynCREs) of the PD promoter, preferentially DynCRE3. DynCRE3 binding was dose dependent with 1 mg of nicotine giving a maximal response. Additionally, DynCRE binding was time dependent, rising by 15 min, reaching a maximum at 1 h, and returning to control by 3 h, a temporal pattern similar to that of cAMP and pCREB. Supershift experiments showed that CREB and pCREB Ser133 were the major contributors to DynCRE3 binding complex. The nAChR antagonist mecamylamine and the dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 prevented the nicotine-induced increase of pCREB and nuclear protein binding to DynCRE3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that nicotine regulates PD expression in striatum at the transcriptional level and CREB is involved. Dopamine D1 receptor stimulation by nAChR-released dopamine appears to be an underlying mechanism. Altered Dyn synthesis might be relevant for the behavioral actions of nicotine and especially its aversive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Kim SH, Shin SY, Lee KY, Joo EJ, Song JY, Ahn YM, Lee YH, Kim YS. The genetic association of DUSP6 with bipolar disorder and its effect on ERK activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 37:41-9. [PMID: 22155192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) gene resides at chromosome location 12q22-23, which is one of the candidate loci for susceptibility to bipolar disorder and which encodes a phosphatase selective for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Previously, we reported a positive association between the functional Leu114Val polymorphism (rs2279574) in DUSP6 and bipolar disorder. Given that the association between DUSP6 and the reported down-regulation of DUSP6 transcript in bipolar postmortem brains were sex-dimorphic, showing significance in women but not men, we performed two independent analyses in homogenous samples of male and female Korean patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia using samples enlarged from our previous report. Among the examined DUSP6 SNPs, five (rs769700, rs704076, rs770087, rs808820, and rs2279574) showed positive allelic associations, with the frequency of minor alleles (C, T, G, G, and G) in each SNP significantly increased in women with BD. Consequently, the "C-T-G-G-G" haplotype was significantly over-represented (P=0.016; OR=3.242), whereas the "T-G-T-A-T" haplotype was significantly under-represented (P=0.014; OR=0.697). We found no significant associations with DUSP6 SNPs in men with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. We also investigated the functions of the functional SNPs' positive associations and found that Leu114Val (rs2279574; T/G) and Ser144Ala (rs770087; T/G) mutations in DUSP6 proteins reduced lithium-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in vitro, implicating the dominant active functions. Thus, DUSP6 may not only play important roles in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder, particularly in women, but also affect the therapeutic response to lithium through modulating lithium's effects on intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Moreno C, Sivam SP. The Time Course of D1 Agonist Induced Striatonigral ERK1/2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2012.21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The PDE10A inhibitor, papaverine, differentially activates ERK in male and female rat striatal slices. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:1275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Haloperidol regulates the state of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 via activation of PKA and phosphorylation of DARPP-32. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:2561-70. [PMID: 21814187 PMCID: PMC3194082 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Administration of typical antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol, promotes cAMP-dependent signaling in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum. In this study, we have examined the effect of haloperidol on the state of phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), a component of the small 40S ribosomal subunit. We found that haloperidol increases the phosphorylation of rpS6 at the dual site Ser235/236, which is involved in the regulation of mRNA translation. This effect was exerted in the MSNs of the indirect pathway, which express specifically dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) and adenosine A2 receptors (A2ARs). The effect of haloperidol was decreased by blockade of A2ARs or by genetic attenuation of the Gα(olf) protein, which couples A2ARs to activation of adenylyl cyclase. Moreover, stimulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) increased Ser235/236 phosphorylation in cultured striatal neurons. The ability of haloperidol to promote rpS6 phosphorylation was abolished in knock-in mice deficient for PKA activation of the protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor, dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa. In contrast, pharmacological or genetic inactivation of p70 rpS6 kinase 1, or extracellular signal-regulated kinases did not affect haloperidol-induced rpS6 phosphorylation. These results identify PKA as a major rpS6 kinase in neuronal cells and suggest that regulation of protein synthesis through rpS6 may be a potential target of antipsychotic drugs.
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Frasca A, Aalbers M, Frigerio F, Fiordaliso F, Salio M, Gobbi M, Cagnotto A, Gardoni F, Battaglia GS, Hoogland G, Di Luca M, Vezzani A. Misplaced NMDA receptors in epileptogenesis contribute to excitotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 43:507-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Bonito-Oliva A, Feyder M, Fisone G. Deciphering the Actions of Antiparkinsonian and Antipsychotic Drugs on cAMP/DARPP-32 Signaling. Front Neuroanat 2011; 5:38. [PMID: 21808606 PMCID: PMC3136733 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2011.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia are affected by several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, many of which are treated with drugs acting on the dopamine system. For instance, the loss of dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is the main pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease, is counteracted by administering the dopamine precursor, L-DOPA. Furthermore, psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, are treated with drugs that act as antagonists at the D2-type of dopamine receptor (D2R). The use of L-DOPA and typical antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol, is limited by the emergence of motor side-effects, particularly after prolonged use. Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) represent an ideal tool to investigate the molecular changes implicated in these conditions. MSNs receive a large glutamatergic innervation from cortex, thalamus, and limbic structures, and are controlled by dopaminergic projections originating in the midbrain. There are two large populations of striatal MSNs, which differ based on their connectivity to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia and on their ability to express dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) or D2Rs. Administration of L-DOPA promotes cAMP signaling and activates the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) in the D1R-expressing MSNs, which form the striatonigral, or direct pathway. Conversely, haloperidol activates the cAMP/DARPP-32 cascade in D2R-expressing MSNs, which form the striatopallidal, or indirect pathway. This review describes the effects produced on downstream effector proteins by stimulation of cAMP/DARPP-32 signaling in these two groups of MSNs. Particular emphasis is given to the regulation of the GluR1 subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate glutamate receptor, the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, focusing on functional role and potential pathological relevance.
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