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Esteban-Martos A, Brokate-Llanos AM, Real LM, Melgar-Locatelli S, de Rojas I, Castro-Zavala A, Bravo MJ, Mañas-Padilla MDC, García-González P, Ruiz-Galdon M, Pacheco-Sánchez B, Polvillo R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, González I, Castilla-Ortega E, Muñoz MJ, Rivera P, Reyes-Engel A, Ruiz A, Royo JL. A Functional Pipeline of Genome-Wide Association Data Leads to Midostaurin as a Repurposed Drug for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12079. [PMID: 37569459 PMCID: PMC10418421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) constitute a powerful tool to identify the different biochemical pathways associated with disease. This knowledge can be used to prioritize drugs targeting these routes, paving the road to clinical application. Here, we describe DAGGER (Drug Repositioning by Analysis of GWAS and Gene Expression in R), a straightforward pipeline to find currently approved drugs with repurposing potential. As a proof of concept, we analyzed a meta-GWAS of 1.6 × 107 single-nucleotide polymorphisms performed on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our pipeline uses the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Drug Gene Interaction (DGI) databases for a rational prioritization of 22 druggable targets. Next, we performed a two-stage in vivo functional assay. We used a C. elegans humanized model over-expressing the Aβ1-42 peptide. We assayed the five top-scoring candidate drugs, finding midostaurin, a multitarget protein kinase inhibitor, to be a protective drug. Next, 3xTg AD transgenic mice were used for a final evaluation of midostaurin's effect. Behavioral testing after three weeks of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal treatment revealed a significant improvement in behavior, including locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and new-place recognition. Altogether, we consider that our pipeline might be a useful tool for drug repurposing in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Esteban-Martos
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (A.E.-M.); (L.M.R.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-G.); (I.G.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Ana Maria Brokate-Llanos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), UPO/CSIC/JA, Ctra Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (R.P.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (A.E.-M.); (L.M.R.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-G.); (I.G.); (A.R.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (M.d.C.M.-P.); (B.P.-S.); (F.R.d.F.); (E.C.-O.); (P.R.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (P.G.-G.); (A.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (M.d.C.M.-P.); (B.P.-S.); (F.R.d.F.); (E.C.-O.); (P.R.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Bravo
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (A.E.-M.); (L.M.R.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-G.); (I.G.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Maria del Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (M.d.C.M.-P.); (B.P.-S.); (F.R.d.F.); (E.C.-O.); (P.R.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (P.G.-G.); (A.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Ruiz-Galdon
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (A.E.-M.); (L.M.R.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-G.); (I.G.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Beatriz Pacheco-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (M.d.C.M.-P.); (B.P.-S.); (F.R.d.F.); (E.C.-O.); (P.R.)
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Polvillo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), UPO/CSIC/JA, Ctra Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (R.P.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (M.d.C.M.-P.); (B.P.-S.); (F.R.d.F.); (E.C.-O.); (P.R.)
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Irene González
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (A.E.-M.); (L.M.R.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-G.); (I.G.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (M.d.C.M.-P.); (B.P.-S.); (F.R.d.F.); (E.C.-O.); (P.R.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), UPO/CSIC/JA, Ctra Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (R.P.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (M.d.C.M.-P.); (B.P.-S.); (F.R.d.F.); (E.C.-O.); (P.R.)
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Engel
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (A.E.-M.); (L.M.R.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-G.); (I.G.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.d.R.); (P.G.-G.); (A.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Royo
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (A.E.-M.); (L.M.R.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-G.); (I.G.); (A.R.-E.)
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Fernández-Espejo E, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J, González-Aparicio R, Santurtún A. ATP13A2 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 88:3-9. [PMID: 34090180 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzyme ATP13A2 holds promise as biomarker in Parkinson's disease (PD). No study has examined the content of ATP13A2 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in idiopathic PD cohorts, or how ATP13A2 relates to the clinical features of the disease. METHODS ATP13A2 concentration was evaluated with ELISA and immunoblotting. Correlations of serum and CSF ATP13A2 with clinical parameters were examined. The antiparkinsonian medication regimen was expressed as levodopa equivalent dose (LED, mg/day). RESULTS Serum ATP13A2 concentration was similar in patients and controls, and it correlated with LED and MDS-UPDRS part-IV score (p < .0001), a scale which allows evaluating motor complications. LED also correlated with MDS-UPDRS part-IV score (p < .0001). Serum ATP13A2 concentration and LED were higher in patients with motor complications than in patients without motor complications (p < .0001). The ratio of serum ATP13A2 concentration versus LED was calculated, and mean value was similar in patients with or without motor complications. ATP13A2 concentration in the CSF was undetectable in many subjects because the ELISA assay was hampered by its detection limit. Immunoblotting indicated that CSF ATP13A2 content was higher in patients relative to controls (p = .0002), and no clinical correlations were found. CONCLUSIONS Increasing LED enhanced serum ATP13A2 concentration and facilitated the development of motor complications. There is a direct relationship between serum ATP13A2 level and the dose intensity of the antiparkinsonian dopaminergic medication. The associations between serum ATP13A2 and LED suggest that serum ATP13A2 content might be a marker of dopamine replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Fernández-Espejo
- Reial Acadèmia de Medicina de Catalunya, 08010, Barcelona, Spain; Red Andaluza de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-RECA), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010, Málaga, Spain; Red Andaluza de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-RECA), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de La Ciencia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain; Red Andaluza de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-RECA), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ramiro González-Aparicio
- Departamento de Ciencias, San Francisco de Paula - Sevilla International College, 41003, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Santurtún
- Unidad de Medicina Legal, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Fernández-Espejo E, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J, Martín de Pablos Á. Cerebrospinal fluid lactoperoxidase level is enhanced in idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and correlates with levodopa equivalent daily dose. Brain Res 2021; 1761:147411. [PMID: 33676939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). This enzyme has been reported to be enhanced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in parkinsonian patients. The objective was to look at the relationship of LPO in the CSF and serum with clinical features of idiopathic PD. LPO concentration was analyzed through ELISA techniques. Correlation of CSF or serum LPO and MDS-UPDRS, dopaminergic medication, and other clinical parameters was examined. The findings revealed that LPO concentration in the CSF, not serum, was found to be elevated in patients with PD relative to controls (p < 0.001). CSF LPO concentration negatively correlated with MDS-UPDRS part-IV score (p < .0001), a rating scale that allows evaluating motor complications. CSF LPO level inversely correlated with the dose intensity of the dopaminergic medication regimen, as evaluated with levodopa equivalent dose or LED (mg/day; p < .0001). LED value positively correlated with MDS-UPDRS part-IV score (p < .0001). To sum up, the findings indicate that CSF LPO is found to be elevated in the CSF of PD patients, and this enzyme holds promise as potential biomarker for diagnosis of PD. Increasing the dose intensity of the dopaminergic medication regimen attenuates the elevation in LPO levels in the CSF, and it facilitates the development of motor complications in patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms that seem to be responsible for LPO increase would include dopamine deficiency, oxidative stress, and less likely, microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Fernández-Espejo
- Reial Acadèmia de Medicina de Catalunya, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Red Andaluza de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-RECA), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; Red Andaluza de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-RECA), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; Red Andaluza de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-RECA), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín de Pablos
- Departamento de Anestesiología, Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
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Pavon FJ, Polis I, Stouffer DG, Roberto M, Martin-Fardon R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Parsons LH, Serrano A. COX-2 Inhibition Antagonizes Intra-Accumbens 2-Arachidonoylglycerol-Mediated Reduction in Ethanol Self-Administration in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2158-2165. [PMID: 32944989 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) self-administration is particularly sensitive to the modulation of CB1 signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, and EtOH consumption increases extracellular levels of the endogenous cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in this brain region. Stimulation of CB1 receptor with agonists increases EtOH consumption, suggesting that EtOH-induced increases in 2-AG might sustain motivation for EtOH intake. METHODS In order to further explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the alterations in operant EtOH self-administration induced by intra-NAc shell infusions of 2-AG itself, the CB1 inverse agonist SR141716A, the 2-AG clearance inhibitor URB602, anandamide, and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor nimesulide. RESULTS Surprisingly, self-administration of 10% EtOH was dose-dependently reduced by either intra-NAc shell SR141716A or 2-AG infusions. Similar effects were found by intra-NAc shell infusions of URB602, suggesting again a role for accumbal 2-AG on the modulation of EtOH intake. Intra-NAc shell anandamide did not alter EtOH self-administration, pointing to a specific role for 2-AG in the modulation of EtOH self-administration. Finally, the inhibitory effect of intra-NAc shell 2-AG on EtOH intake was significantly reversed by pretreatment with nimesulide, suggesting that oxidative metabolites of 2-AG might mediate these inhibitory effects on operant self-administration. CONCLUSIONS We propose that 2-AG signaling in the NAc exerts an inhibitory influence on EtOH consumption through a non-CB1 receptor mechanism involving the COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pavon
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, (IBIMA) (FJP, FRF, AS), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ilham Polis
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David G Stouffer
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, (MR, RM-F), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, (MR, RM-F), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, (IBIMA) (FJP, FRF, AS), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain
| | - Loren H Parsons
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Antonia Serrano
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, (IBIMA) (FJP, FRF, AS), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain
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Horiuchi K, Perez-Cerezales S, Papasaikas P, Ramos-Ibeas P, López-Cardona AP, Laguna-Barraza R, Fonseca Balvís N, Pericuesta E, Fernández-González R, Planells B, Viera A, Suja JA, Ross PJ, Alén F, Orio L, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Pintado B, Valcárcel J, Gutiérrez-Adán A. Impaired Spermatogenesis, Muscle, and Erythrocyte Function in U12 Intron Splicing-Defective Zrsr1 Mutant Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 23:143-155. [PMID: 29617656 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The U2AF35-like ZRSR1 has been implicated in the recognition of 3' splice site during spliceosome assembly, but ZRSR1 knockout mice do not show abnormal phenotypes. To analyze ZRSR1 function and its precise role in RNA splicing, we generated ZRSR1 mutant mice containing truncating mutations within its RNA-recognition motif. Homozygous mutant mice exhibited severe defects in erythrocytes, muscle stretch, and spermatogenesis, along with germ cell sloughing and apoptosis, ultimately leading to azoospermia and male sterility. Testis RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses revealed increased intron retention of both U2- and U12-type introns, including U12-type intron events in genes with key functions in spermatogenesis and spermatid development. Affected U2 introns were commonly found flanking U12 introns, suggesting functional cross-talk between the two spliceosomes. The splicing and tissue defects observed in mutant mice attributed to ZRSR1 loss of function suggest a physiological role for this factor in U12 intron splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Horiuchi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Serafín Perez-Cerezales
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Papasaikas
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Priscila Ramos-Ibeas
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Laguna-Barraza
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Fonseca Balvís
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pericuesta
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Fernández-González
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamín Planells
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Viera
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Suja
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Juan Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Alén
- Dpto. Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, UCM, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Dpto. Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, UCM, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Dpto. Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, UCM, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain; UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Belén Pintado
- Servicio de Transgénicos, CNB-CSIC, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Valcárcel
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Dpto. de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda Puerta de Hierro nº 12. Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Millón C, Flores-Burgess A, Castilla-Ortega E, Gago B, García-Fernandez M, Serrano A, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Narváez JA, Fuxe K, Santín L, Díaz-Cabiale Z. Central administration of galanin N-terminal fragment 1-15 decreases the voluntary alcohol intake in rats. Addict Biol 2019; 24:76-87. [PMID: 29210146 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is considered a major risk factor for disease and mortality worldwide. In the absence of effective treatments in alcohol use disorders, it is important to find new biological targets that could modulate alcohol consumption. We tested the role of the N-terminal galanin fragment (1-15) [GAL(1-15)] in voluntary ethanol consumption in rats using the two-bottle choice paradigm as well as compare the effects of GAL(1-15) with the whole molecule of GAL. We describe for the first time that GAL(1-15), via central mechanisms, induces a strong reduction in preference and ethanol consumption in rats. These effects were significantly different than GAL. GAL receptor (GALR) 2 was involved in these effects, because the specific GALR2 antagonist M871 blocked GAL(1-15) mediated actions in preference and ethanol intake. Importantly, the mechanism of this action involves changes in GALR expression and also in immediate-early gene C-Fos and receptors-internalization-related gene Rab5 in the striatum. The relevance of the striatum as a target for GAL(1-15) was supported by the effect of GAL(1-15) on the locomotor activity of rats after ethanol administration. These results may give the basis for the development of novel therapeutics strategies using GAL(1-15) analogues for the treatment of alcohol use disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Millón
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - Antonio Flores-Burgess
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Belén Gago
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - María García-Fernandez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - José Angel Narváez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institute; Sweden
| | - Luis Santín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - Zaida Díaz-Cabiale
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
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Frantz K, Roberto M, Mason B, Koob GF, Volkow N, Rodriguez de Fonseca F. Larry Parsons: Researcher, mentor, and friend. Addict Biol 2018; 23:1204-1206. [PMID: 30485629 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Frantz
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - Barbara Mason
- Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - George F. Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH); Rockville Maryland USA
| | - Nora Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); Rockville Maryland USA
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Instituto IBIMA, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Portavella M, Rodriguez-Espinosa N, Galeano P, Blanco E, Romero JI, Holubiec MI, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Fernández-Espejo E. Oleoylethanolamide and Palmitoylethanolamide Protect Cultured Cortical Neurons Against Hypoxia. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3:171-178. [PMID: 30255158 PMCID: PMC6148719 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is defined as a neurological syndrome where the newborn suffers from acute ischemia and hypoxia during the perinatal period. New therapies are needed. The acylethanolamides, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), possess neuroprotective properties, and they could be effective against perinatal HI. These lipid mediators act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors subtype α (PPARα), or transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV), such as TRPV subtype 1 and 4. Materials and Methods: The objectives of this study were to discern: (1) the neuroprotective role of OEA and PEA in parietotemporal cortical neurons of newborn rats and mice subjected to hypoxia, and (2) the role of the receptors, PPARα, TRPV1, and TRPV4, in neuroprotective effects. Cell culture of cortical neurons and the lactate dehydrogenase assay was carried out. The role of receptors was discerned by using selective antagonist and agonist ligands, as well as knockout (KO) PPARα mice. Results: The findings indicate that OEA and PEA exert neuroprotective effects on cultured cortical neurons subjected to a hypoxic episode. These protective effects are not mediated by the receptors, PPARα, TRPV1, or TRPV4, because neither PPARα KO mice nor receptor ligands significantly modify OEA and PEA-induced effects. Blocking TRPV4 with RN1734 is neuroprotective per se, and cotreatment with OEA and PEA is able to enhance neuroprotective effects of the acylethanolamides. Since stimulating TRPV4 was devoid of effects on OEA and PEA-induced protective effects, effects of RN1734 cotreatment seem to be a consequence of additive actions. Conclusion: The lipid mediators, OEA and PEA, exert neuroprotective effects on cultured cortical neurons subjected to hypoxia. Coadministration of OEA or PEA, and the TRPV4 antagonist RN1734 is able to enhance neuroprotective effects. These in vitro results could be of utility for developing new therapeutic tools against perinatal HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Portavella
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodriguez-Espinosa
- Neurophysiology and Molecular Neurology Lab, Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Galeano
- Biochemical Research Institute of Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- University of Lleida, Medical Research Institute, Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan I Romero
- Biochemical Research Institute of Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana I Holubiec
- Biochemical Research Institute of Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Emilio Fernández-Espejo
- Neurophysiology and Molecular Neurology Lab, Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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9
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Pavon FJ, Serrano A, Sidhpura N, Polis I, Stouffer D, de Fonseca FR, Cravatt BF, Martin-Fardon R, Parsons LH. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inactivation confers enhanced sensitivity to nicotine-induced dopamine release in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Addict Biol 2018; 23:723-734. [PMID: 28660730 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine exerts its rewarding effects by promoting an increase in dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and this process is influenced by the endocannabinoid system. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the main enzyme responsible for the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide and other non-cannabinoid N-acylethanolamines. Previous research has reported that both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of FAAH enhance nicotine-induced conditioned place preference at low doses. We conducted a microdialysis study to characterize nicotine-induced changes in DA and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the NAc of FAAH knockout (KO) mice using a conditioned place preference-like paradigm with three nicotine doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.). Additionally, the effects of the selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were also examined. Our data indicated that compared with wild-type mice, genetic deletion of FAAH selectively enhanced the effect of low-dose nicotine on DA release (p < 0.001) and resulted in a strong post-nicotine elevation in DA levels (p < 0.01). However, there were no differences between the genotypes at higher doses. Furthermore, FAAH KO mice displayed a moderate enhancement of the effect of low-dose nicotine on NAc 5-HT release (p < 0.05), with no differences between the genotypes at higher doses. Compared with vehicle-pretreated mice, mice pretreated with PF-3845 displayed an enhancement of the effect of low-dose nicotine on NAc DA release (p < 0.001), which resulted in a sustained increase in DA levels (p < 0.05). Similar to FAAH KO mice, PF-3845-pretreated mice displayed a moderate enhancement of the effect of low-dose nicotine on NAc 5-HT release (p < 0.01). These observations in mice suggest that enhanced nicotine-induced NAc DA release might contribute to increased sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of low-dose nicotine following FAAH inhibition, which has been previously reported. Future studies combining behavioral and neurochemical approaches are needed to elucidate the precise mechanism of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Pavon
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga; Malaga Spain
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga; Malaga Spain
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - Nimish Sidhpura
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - Ilham Polis
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - David Stouffer
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
| | - Loren H. Parsons
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla California USA
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Garcia-Marchena N, Pavon FJ, Pastor A, Araos P, Pedraz M, Romero-Sanchiz P, Calado M, Suarez J, Castilla-Ortega E, Orio L, Boronat A, Torrens M, Rubio G, de la Torre R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Plasma concentrations of oleoylethanolamide and other acylethanolamides are altered in alcohol-dependent patients: effect of length of abstinence. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1366-1377. [PMID: 27212249 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylethanolamides are a family of endogenous lipid mediators that are involved in physiological and behavioral processes associated with addiction. Recently, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) has been reported to reduce alcohol intake and relapse in rodents but the contribution of OEA and other acylethanolamides in alcohol addiction in humans is unknown. The present study is aimed to characterize the plasma acylethanolamides in alcohol dependence. Seventy-nine abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects (27 women) recruited from outpatient treatment programs and age-/sex-/body mass-matched healthy volunteers (28 women) were clinically assessed with the diagnostic interview PRISM according to the DSM-IV-TR after blood extraction for quantification of acylethanolamide concentrations in the plasma. Our results indicate that all acylethanolamides were significantly increased in alcohol-dependent patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.001). A logistic model based on these acylethanolamides was developed to distinguish alcohol-dependent patients from controls and included OEA, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA), providing a high discriminatory power according to area under the curve [AUC = 0.92 (95%CI: 0.87-0.96), p < 0.001]. Additionally, we found a significant effect of the duration of alcohol abstinence on the concentrations of OEA, AEA and DEA using a regression model (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), which was confirmed by a negative correlation (rho = -0.31, -0.40 and -0.44, respectively). However, acylethanolamides were not influenced by the addiction alcohol severity, duration of problematic alcohol use or diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity. Our results support the preclinical studies and suggest that OEA, AEA and DEA are altered in alcohol-dependence during abstinence and that might act as potential markers for predicting length of alcohol abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garcia-Marchena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pavon
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Grup de Recerca en Farmacología Integrada i Neurociencia de Sistemes, Programa de Recerca en Neurociencia; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Spain
- Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Terapeutica, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn); ISCIII; Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Maria Pedraz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Pablo Romero-Sanchiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Montserrat Calado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universidad Complutense; Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Grup de Recerca en Farmacología Integrada i Neurociencia de Sistemes, Programa de Recerca en Neurociencia; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Spain
- Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Terapeutica, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn); ISCIII; Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD) del Parc de Salut MAR; Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychiatry; Univ Autonoma de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense; Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre; Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Grup de Recerca en Farmacología Integrada i Neurociencia de Sistemes, Programa de Recerca en Neurociencia; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn); ISCIII; Spain
- Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida; Universidat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF); Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
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11
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Sanchez-Marin L, Pavon FJ, Decara J, Suarez J, Gavito A, Castilla-Ortega E, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Effects of Intermittent Alcohol Exposure on Emotion and Cognition: A Potential Role for the Endogenous Cannabinoid System and Neuroinflammation. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:15. [PMID: 28223925 PMCID: PMC5293779 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent alcohol exposure is a common pattern of adolescent alcohol use that can lead to binge drinking episodes. Alcohol use is known to modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in neuronal communication, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and behavior. Adolescent male Wistar rats were exposed to 4-week intermittent alcohol intoxication (3 g/kg injections for 4 days/week) or saline (N = 12 per group). After alcohol deprivation, adult rats were assessed for emotionality and cognition and the gene expression of the ECS and other factors related to behavior and neuroinflammation was examined in the brain. Alcohol-exposed rats exhibited anxiogenic-like responses and impaired recognition memory but no motor alterations. There were brain region-dependent changes in the mRNA levels of the ECS and molecular signals compared with control rats. Thus, overall, alcohol-exposed rats expressed higher mRNA levels of endocannabinoid synthetic enzymes (N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D and diacylglycerol lipases) in the medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but lower mRNA levels in the amygdala. Furthermore, we observed lower mRNA levels of receptors CB1 CB2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in the striatum. Regarding neuropeptide signaling, alcohol-exposed rats displayed lower mRNA levels of the neuropeptide Y signaling, particularly NPY receptor-2, in the amygdala and hippocampus and higher mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing factor in the hippocampus. Additionally, we observed changes of several neuroinflammation-related factors. Whereas, the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly increased in the mPFC, the mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were decreased in the striatum and hippocampus. However, nuclear factor-κβ mRNA levels were lower in the mPFC and striatum and allograft inflammatory factor-1 levels were differentially expressed in the amygdala and hippocampus. In conclusion, rats exposed to adolescent intermittent alcohol displayed anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits in adulthood and these alterations were accompanied by brain region-dependent changes in the gene expression of the ECS and other signals associated with neuroinflammation and behavior. An intermittent adolescent alcohol exposure has behavioral and molecular consequences in the adult brain, which might be linked to higher vulnerability to addictive behaviors and psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez-Marin
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavon
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Gavito
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga Malaga, Spain
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12
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Giné E, Echeverry-Alzate V, Lopez-Moreno JA, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Perez-Castillo A, Santos A. The CB1 receptor is required for the establishment of the hyperlocomotor phenotype in developmentally-induced hypothyroidism in mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 116:132-141. [PMID: 28017790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in motor functions are well-characterized features observed in humans and experimental animals with thyroid hormone dysfunctions during development. We have previously suggested the implication of the endocannabinoid system in the hyperlocomotor phenotype observed in developmentally induced hypothyroidism in rats. In this work we have further analyzed the implication of endocannabinoids in the effect of hypothyroidism on locomotor activity. To this end, we evaluated the locomotor activity in adult mice lacking the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R-/-) and in their wild type littermates (CB1R+/+), whose hypothyroidism was induced in day 12 of gestation and maintained during the experimental period. Our results show that hypothyroidism induced a hyperlocomotor phenotype only in CB1R+/+, but not in CB1R-/- mice. In contrast with our previous results in rats, the expression of CB1R in striatum and the motor response to the cannabinoid agonist HU210 was unaltered in hypothyroid CB1R+/+ mice suggesting that the cannabinoid system is not altered by hypothyroidism. Also, no effect of HU210 was observed in locomotion of CB1R-/- mice. Finally, since the dopaminergic system plays a major role in the control of locomotor activity we studied its function in hypothyroid wild type and knockout animals. Our results show no alteration in the behavioral response induced by the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF38393. However we observed a decreased response to the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol only in hypothyroid CB1R+/+ mice, which might indicate potential alterations in D2R signaling in these animals. In conclusion, our data suggest that the cannabinoid system is necessary for the induction of hyperlocomotor phenotype in mice with developmentally induced hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giné
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Fundación IMABIS, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain.
| | - Angel Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Bühler KM, Giné E, Echeverry-Alzate V, Calleja-Conde J, de Fonseca FR, López-Moreno JA. Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research. Addict Biol 2015; 20:845-71. [PMID: 25603899 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug-related phenotypes are common complex and highly heritable traits. In the last few years, candidate gene (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a huge number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with drug use, abuse or dependence, mainly related to alcohol or nicotine. Nevertheless, few of these associations have been replicated in independent studies. The aim of this study was to provide a review of the SNPs that have been most significantly associated with alcohol-, nicotine-, cannabis- and cocaine-related phenotypes in humans between the years of 2000 and 2012. To this end, we selected CGAS, GWAS, family-based association and case-only studies published in peer-reviewed international scientific journals (using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Addiction GWAS Resource databases) in which a significant association was reported. A total of 371 studies fit the search criteria. We then filtered SNPs with at least one replication study and performed meta-analysis of the significance of the associations. SNPs in the alcohol metabolizing genes, in the cholinergic gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, and in the DRD2 and ANNK1 genes, are, to date, the most replicated and significant gene variants associated with alcohol- and nicotine-related phenotypes. In the case of cannabis and cocaine, a far fewer number of studies and replications have been reported, indicating either a need for further investigation or that the genetics of cannabis/cocaine addiction are more elusive. This review brings a global state-of-the-art vision of the behavioral genetics of addiction and collaborates on formulation of new hypothesis to guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kora-Mareen Bühler
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Elena Giné
- Department of Cellular Biology; School of Medicine; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Javier Calleja-Conde
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
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López-Cardona AP, Fernández-González R, Pérez-Crespo M, Alén F, de Fonseca FR, Orio L, Gutierrez-Adan A. Effects of synchronous and asynchronous embryo transfer on postnatal development, adult health, and behavior in mice. Biol Reprod 2015. [PMID: 26224009 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.130385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Asynchronous embryo transfer (ET) is a common assisted reproduction technique used in several species, but its biological effects on postnatal and early development remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether asynchronous ET produces long-term effects in mice. Postnatal development, animal weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), relative organ weight (liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, and testicles), and behavior (assessed in open-field and elevated plus maze tests) were assessed in CD1 mice produced by different ET procedures: 1) the transfer of Day 3.5 (D3.5) blastocysts to the uterus (BL-UT); 2) the transfer of D3.5 blastocysts to the oviduct (BL-OV); or 3) the transfer of D0.5 zygotes to the oviduct (Z-OV). In vivo conceived animals served as controls (CT). The transfer of blastocysts to the uterus or zygotes to the oviduct was defined as synchronous, and transfer of blastocysts to the oviduct was defined as asynchronous. Both synchronous and asynchronous ET resulted in increased weight at birth that normalized thereafter with the exception of asynchronous ET females. In this group, female BL-OV, a clear lower body weight was recorded along postnatal life when compared with controls (P < 0.05). No effects on animal weight were produced during postnatal development in the synchronous ET groups (BL-UT, Z-OV, and CT). Both synchronous and asynchronous ET had impacts on adult (Wk 30) organ weight. SBP was modified in animals derived from blastocyst but not zygote ET. Effects on behavior (anxiety in the plus maze) were only detected in the BL-UT group (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that zygotes are less sensitive than blastocysts to ET and that both synchronous and asynchronous blastocyst ET may have long-term consequences on health, with possible impacts on weight, arterial pressure, relative organ weight, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P López-Cardona
- Departamento Reproducción Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain G.I. Biogénesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Francisco Alén
- Departamento Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, UCM, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Departamento Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, UCM, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Departamento Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, UCM, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
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Blanco-Calvo E, Rivera P, Arrabal S, Vargas A, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Castilla-Ortega E, Galeano P, Rubio L, Suárez J, Rodriguez de Fonseca F. Pharmacological blockade of either cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors prevents both cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion and cocaine-induced reduction of cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult male rat. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 7:106. [PMID: 24409127 PMCID: PMC3884150 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction to major drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, has recently been linked to alterations in adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The endogenous cannabinoid system modulates this proliferative response as demonstrated by the finding that pharmacological activation/blockade of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors not only modulates neurogenesis but also modulates cell death in the brain. In the present study, we evaluated whether the endogenous cannabinoid system affects cocaine-induced alterations in cell proliferation. To this end, we examined whether pharmacological blockade of either CB1 (Rimonabant, 3 mg/kg) or CB2 receptors (AM630, 3 mg/kg) would affect cell proliferation [the cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)] in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ). Additionally, we measured cell apoptosis (as monitored by the expression of cleaved caspase-3) and glial activation [by analyzing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Iba-1] in the striatum and hippocampus during acute and repeated (4 days) cocaine administration (20 mg/kg). The results showed that acute cocaine exposure decreased the number of BrdU-immunoreactive (ir) cells in the SVZ and SGZ. In contrast, repeated cocaine exposure reduced the number of BrdU-ir cells only in the SVZ. Both acute and repeated cocaine exposure increased the number of cleaved caspase-3-, GFAP- and Iba1-ir cells in the hippocampus, and this effect was counteracted by AM630 or Rimonabant, which increased the number of BrdU-, GFAP-, and Iba1-ir cells in the hippocampus. These results indicate that the changes in neurogenic, apoptotic and gliotic processes that were produced by repeated cocaine administration were normalized by pharmacological blockade of CB1 and CB2. The restorative effects of cannabinoid receptor blockade on hippocampal cell proliferation were associated with the prevention of the induction of conditioned locomotion but not with the prevention of cocaine-induced sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Blanco-Calvo
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicologia, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat de Lleida Lleida, Spain ; Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Galeano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Rubio
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Investigación-UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
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Serrano A, Rivera P, Pavon FJ, Decara J, Suárez J, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Parsons LH. Differential effects of single versus repeated alcohol withdrawal on the expression of endocannabinoid system-related genes in the rat amygdala. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 36:984-94. [PMID: 22141465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) exert important regulatory influences on neuronal signaling, participate in short- and long-term forms of neuroplasticity, and modulate stress responses and affective behavior in part through the modulation of neurotransmission in the amygdala. Alcohol consumption alters brain endocannabinoid levels, and alcohol dependence is associated with dysregulated amygdalar function, stress responsivity, and affective control. METHODS The consequence of long-term alcohol consumption on the expression of genes related to endocannabinoid signaling was investigated using quantitative RT-PCR analyses of amygdala tissue. Two groups of ethanol (EtOH)-exposed rats were generated by maintenance on an EtOH liquid diet (10%): the first group received continuous access to EtOH for 15 days, whereas the second group was given intermittent access to the EtOH diet (5 d/wk for 3 weeks). Control subjects were maintained on an isocaloric EtOH-free liquid diet. To provide an initial profile of acute withdrawal, amygdala tissue was harvested following either 6 or 24 hours of EtOH withdrawal. RESULTS Acute EtOH withdrawal was associated with significant changes in mRNA expression for various components of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the amygdala. Specifically, reductions in mRNA expression for the primary clearance routes for anandamide and 2-AG (fatty acid amide hydrolase [FAAH] and monoacylglycerol lipase [MAGL], respectively) were evident, as were reductions in mRNA expression for CB(1) , CB(2) , and GPR55 receptors. Although similar alterations in FAAH mRNA were evident following either continuous or intermittent EtOH exposure, alterations in MAGL and cannabinoid receptor-related mRNA (e.g., CB(1) , CB(2) , GPR55) were more pronounced following intermittent exposure. In general, greater withdrawal-associated deficits in mRNA expression were evident following 24 versus 6 hours of withdrawal. No significant changes in mRNA expression for enzymes involved in 2-AG biosynthesis (e.g., diacylglicerol lipase-α/β) were found in any condition. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EtOH dependence and withdrawal are associated with dysregulated endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala. These alterations may contribute to withdrawal-related dysregulation of amygdalar neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Fundacion IMABIS, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Barbetti F, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Dionisi-Vici C, Toni S, Ciampalini P, Massa O, Rodriguez-Bada P, Colombo C, Lenzi L, Garcia-Gimeno MA, Bermudez-Silva FJ, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Banin P, Aledo JC, Baixeras E, Sanz P, Cuesta-Muñoz AL. Opposite clinical phenotypes of glucokinase disease: Description of a novel activating mutation and contiguous inactivating mutations in human glucokinase (GCK) gene. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:1983-9. [PMID: 19884385 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic beta-cell, serving as glucose sensor in humans. Inactivating or activating mutations of glucokinase lead to different forms of glucokinase disease, i.e. GCK-monogenic diabetes of youth, permanent neonatal diabetes (inactivating mutations), and congenital hyperinsulinism, respectively. Here we present a novel glucokinase gene (GCK)-activating mutation (p.E442K) found in an infant with neonatal hypoglycemia (1.5 mmol/liter) and in two other family members suffering from recurrent hypoglycemic episodes in their childhood and adult life. In contrast to the severe clinical presentation in the index case, functional studies showed only a slight activation of the protein (relative activity index of 3.3). We also report on functional studies of two inactivating mutations of the GCK (p.E440G and p.S441W), contiguous to the activating one, that lead to monogenic diabetes of youth. Interestingly, adult family members carrying the GCK pE440G mutation show an unusually heterogeneous and progressive diabetic phenotype, a feature not typical of GCK-monogenic diabetes of youth. In summary, we identified a novel activating GCK mutation that although being associated with severe neonatal hypoglycemia is characterized by the mildest activation of the glucokinase enzyme of all previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Barbetti
- Bambino Gesú Pediatric Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
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Fernandez-Espejo E, Viveros MP, Núñez L, Ellenbroek BA, Rodriguez de Fonseca F. Role of cannabis and endocannabinoids in the genesis of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 206:531-49. [PMID: 19629449 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabis abuse and endocannabinoids are associated to schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES It is important to discern the association between schizophrenia and exogenous Cannabis sativa, on one hand, and the endogenous cannabinoid system, on the other hand. RESULTS On one hand, there is substantial evidence that cannabis abuse is a risk factor for psychosis in genetically predisposed people, may lead to a worse outcome of the disease, or it can affect normal brain development during adolescence, increasing the risk for schizophrenia in adulthood. Regarding genetic predisposition, alterations affecting the cannabinoid CNR1 gene could be related to schizophrenia. On the other hand, the endogenous cannabinoid system is altered in schizophrenia (i.e., increased density of cannabinoid CB1 receptor binding in corticolimbic regions, enhanced cerebrospinal fluid anandamide levels), and dysregulation of this system can interact with neurotransmitter systems in such a way that a "cannabinoid hypothesis" can be integrated in the neurobiological hypotheses of schizophrenia. Finally, there is also evidence that some genetic alterations of the CNR1 gene can act as a protectant factor against schizophrenia or can induce a better pharmacological response to atypical antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis abuse is a risk factor for psychosis in predisposed people, it can affect neurodevelopment during adolescence leading to schizophrenia, and a dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system can participate in schizophrenia. It is also worth noting that some specific cannabinoid alterations can act as neuroprotectant for schizophrenia or can be a psychopharmacogenetic rather than a vulnerability factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Fernandez-Espejo
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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de Fonseca FR. Miguel Navarro (1953-2007). Addict Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martín AB, Fernandez-Espejo E, Ferrer B, Gorriti MA, Bilbao A, Navarro M, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Moratalla R. Expression and function of CB1 receptor in the rat striatum: localization and effects on D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-mediated motor behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:1667-79. [PMID: 17957223 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are densely expressed on striatal projection neurons expressing dopamine D1 or D2 receptors. However, the specific neuronal distribution of CB1 receptors within the striatum is not known. Previous research has established that the endocannabinoid system controls facilitation of behavior by dopamine D2 receptors, but it is not clear if endocannabinoids also modulate D1 receptor-mediated motor behavior. In the present study, we show that cannabinoid CB1 receptor mRNA is present in striatonigral neurons expressing substance P and dopamine D1 receptors, as well as in striatopallidal neurons expressing enkephalin and dopamine D2 receptors. We explored the functional relevance of the interaction between dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and cannabinoid CB1 receptors with behavioral pharmacology experiments. Potentiation of endogenous cannabinoid signaling by the uptake blocker AM404 blocked dopamine D1 receptor-mediated grooming and D2 receptor-mediated oral stereotypies. In addition, contralateral turning induced by unilateral intrastriatal infusion of D1 receptor agonists is counteracted by AM404 and potentiated by the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A. These results indicate that the endocannabinoid system negatively modulates D1 receptor-mediated behaviors in addition to its previously described effect on dopamine D2 receptor-mediated behaviors. The effect of AM404 on grooming behavior was absent in dopamine D1 receptor knockout mice, demonstrating its dependence on D1 receptors. This study indicates that the endocannabinoid system is a relevant negative modulator of both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-mediated behaviors, a finding that may contribute to our understanding of basal ganglia motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Martín
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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Fernández-Gonzalez R, Moreira PN, Pérez-Crespo M, Sánchez-Martín M, Ramirez MA, Pericuesta E, Bilbao A, Bermejo-Alvarez P, de Dios Hourcade J, de Fonseca FR, Gutiérrez-Adán A. Long-term effects of mouse intracytoplasmic sperm injection with DNA-fragmented sperm on health and behavior of adult offspring. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:761-72. [PMID: 18199884 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.065623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors produce different levels of DNA damage in spermatozoa. Usually, DNA-fragmented spermatozoa (DFS) are used with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments in human reproduction, and use of DFS is still a matter of concern. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the long-term consequences on development and behavior of mice generated by ICSI with DFS. Using CD1 and B6D2F1 mouse strains, oocytes were injected with fresh spermatozoa or with frozen-thawed spermatozoa without cryoprotector. This treatment increased the percentage of TUNEL-positive spermatozoa, tail length as measured by comet assay, and loss of telomeres as measured by quantitative PCR. The ICSI-generated embryos were cultured for 24 h in KSOM, and 2-cell embryos were transferred into CD1 females. The DFS reduced both the rate of preimplantation embryo development and number of offspring. Immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against 5-methylcytosine showed a delay of 2 h on the active demethylation of male pronucleus in the embryos produced by ICSI. Moreover, ICSI affected gene transcription and methylation of some epigenetically regulated genes like imprinting, X-linked genes, and retrotransposon genes. At 3 and 12 mo of age, ICSI with DFS-produced animals and in vivo-fertilized controls were submitted to behavioral tests: locomotor activity (open field), exploratory/anxiety behavior (elevated plus maze, open field), and spatial memory (free-choice exploration paradigm in Y maze). Females produced by ICSI showed increased anxiety, lack of habituation pattern, deficit in short-term spatial memory, and age-dependent hypolocomotion in the open-field test (P<0.05). Postnatal weight gain of mice produced by ICSI with fresh or frozen sperm was higher than that of their control counterparts from 16 wk on (P<0.01). Anatomopathological analysis of animals at 16 mo of age showed some large organs and an increase in pathologies (33% of CD1 females produced with DFS presented some solid tumors in lungs and dermis of back or neck). Moreover, 20% of the B6D2F1 mice generated with DFS died during the first 5 mo of life, with 25% of the surviving animals showing premature aging symptoms, and 70% of the B6D2F1 mice generated with DFS died earlier than controls with different kind of tumors. We propose that depending on the level of DFS, oocytes may partially repair fragmented DNA, producing blastocysts able to implant and produce live offspring. The incomplete repair, however, may lead to long-term pathologies. Our data indicate that use of DFS in ICSI can generate effects that only emerge during later life, such as aberrant growth, premature aging, abnormal behavior, and mesenchymal tumors.
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Soriguer F, Rojo-Martínez G, de Fonseca FR, García-Escobar E, García Fuentes E, Olveira G. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in Mediterranean countries: A hypothesis related to olive oil. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:1260-7. [PMID: 17912723 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In Mediterranean countries people would previously have consumed a diet with a high proportion of MUFA. Physical activity would have been intense with a low level of stress. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) system selected over thousands of years of this type of behavior must have adapted to a particular capacity of self regulation. Now, this pattern, called the "Mediterranean diet", has been broken and many people living by the Mediterranean consume a high quantity of calories, mainly from saturated or n-6-rich fats and the relative intake of MUFA has decreased. Simultaneously, physical activity has decreased and the pattern of stress has changed towards what is called a western lifestyle. In this new context, if people have a favorable, genetically conditioned SCD1 activity that will let them confront the new situation or else have some other compensatory mechanism, such as being keen on sport, etc, then they can prevent the appearance of some of the complications associated with the metabolic syndrome. If, on the other hand, the SCD1 pattern is genetically unfavorable for this new situation and they have a new cultural context, then they do not have the alternative compensatory mechanisms and the probability of developing the metabolic syndrome is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Soriguer
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya (Fundación Imabis), Málaga, Spain.
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Cano C, Pavón J, Serrano A, Goya P, Paez JA, de Fonseca FR, Macias-Gonzalez M. Novel sulfamide analogs of oleoylethanolamide showing in vivo satiety inducing actions and PPARalpha activation. J Med Chem 2007; 50:389-93. [PMID: 17228882 DOI: 10.1021/jm0601102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long chain saturated and unsaturated alkyl sulfamide and propyl sulfamide derivatives, analogs of oleoylethanolamide, have been synthesized and evaluated in vivo and in vitro as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activators. Additionally, the anorexic effects of the new compounds have been studied in vivo in food-deprived rats. Among the active compounds N-octadecyl-N'-propylsulfamide (7) has been identified as a potent hypolipidemic compound, a potent feeding suppressant, and a concentration-dependent activator of PPARalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cano
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Hansson AC, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Malinen H, Hyytiä P, Sanchez-Vera I, Rimondini R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Kunos G, Sommer WH, Heilig M. Genetic impairment of frontocortical endocannabinoid degradation and high alcohol preference. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:117-26. [PMID: 16482090 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling has recently been implicated in ethanol-seeking behavior. We analyzed the expression of endocannabinoid-related genes in key brain regions of reward and dependence, and compared them between the alcohol-preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) and nonpreferring ANA (Alko Non-Alcohol) rat lines. A decreased expression of fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH), the main endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme, was found in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of AA rats, and was accompanied by decreased enzyme activity in this region. Binding of the endocannabinoid-cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor ligand (3)[H]SR141716A, and [35S]GTPgammaS incorporation stimulated by the CB1 agonist WIN 55,212-2 were downregulated in the same area. Together, this suggests an overactive endocannabinoid transmission in the PFC of AA animals, and a compensatory downregulation of CB1 signaling. The functional role of impaired FAAH function for alcohol self-administration was validated in two independent ways. The CB1 antagonist SR141716A potently and dose-dependently suppressed self-administration in AA rats when given systemically, or locally into the PFC, but not in the striatum. Conversely, intra-PFC injections of the competitive FAAH inhibitor URB597 increased ethanol self-administration in nonselected Wistar rats. These results show for the first time that impaired FAAH function may confer a phenotype of high voluntary alcohol intake, and point to a FAAH both as a potential susceptibility factor and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Hansson
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, USA
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Fernandez-Espejo E, Caraballo I, de Fonseca FR, El Banoua F, Ferrer B, Flores JA, Galan-Rodriguez B. Cannabinoid CB1 antagonists possess antiparkinsonian efficacy only in rats with very severe nigral lesion in experimental parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 18:591-601. [PMID: 15755685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed that systemic administration of cannabinoid CB1 antagonists exerts antiparkinsonian effects in rats with very severe nigral lesion (>95% cell loss), but not in rats with less severe lesion (85-95% cell loss). Local injections into denervated striatum and corresponding globus pallidus reduced parkinsonian asymmetry. Infusions into lesioned substantia nigra enhanced motor asymmetries, but this effect was absent after very severe nigral lesion. At the striatal level, CB1 antagonists act enhancing dopamine D1 receptor function and reducing D2 receptor function. Striatal dopaminergic denervation did not affect cannabinoid CB1 receptor coupling to G proteins. These results suggest that (i) systemic administration of CB1 antagonists in rats with severe nigral degeneration is ineffective because striatopallidal-mediated motor effects are antagonized by nigra-mediated activity, and (ii) CB1 antagonists exert antiparkinsonian effects after very severe nigral degeneration because nigra-mediated inhibition disappears. CB1 receptor antagonists that lack psychoactive effects might be of therapeutic value in the control of very advanced stage of Parkinson's disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Fernandez-Espejo
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia Medica y Biofisica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan 4, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain.
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Fernandez-Espejo E, Caraballo I, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Ferrer B, El Banoua F, Flores JA, Galan-Rodriguez B. Experimental parkinsonism alters anandamide precursor synthesis, and functional deficits are improved by AM404: a modulator of endocannabinoid function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:1134-42. [PMID: 15010694 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the endocannabinoid system might be useful in treating Parkinson's disease. Here, we show that systemic administration of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonamide (AM404), a cannabinoid modulator that enhances anandamide (AEA) availability in the biophase, exerts antiparkinsonian effects in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Local injections of AM404 into denervated striata reduced parkinsonian motor asymmetries, these effects being associated with the reduction of D2 dopamine receptor function together with a positive modulation of 5-HT(1B) serotonin receptor function. Stimulation of striatal 5-HT(1B) receptors alone was observed to ameliorate parkinsonian deficits, supporting the fact that AM404 exerts antiparkinsonian effects likely through stimulation of striatal 5-HT(1B) serotonin receptor function. Hence, modulation of cannabinoid function leading to enhancement of AEA in the biophase might be of therapeutic value in the control of symptoms of Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, reduced levels of N-acyl-transferase (AEA precursor synthesizing enzyme), without changes in fatty acid amidohydrolase (AEA degradative enzyme), were detected in denervated striata in comparison with intact striata. This finding reveals the presence of a homeostatic striatal mechanism emerging after dopaminergic denervation likely tending to enhance low dopamine tone.
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Jagerovic N, Hernandez-Folgado L, Alkorta I, Goya P, Navarro M, Serrano A, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Dannert MT, Alsasua A, Suardiaz M, Pascual D, Martín MI. Discovery of 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole, a Novel in Vivo Cannabinoid Antagonist Containing a 1,2,4-Triazole Motif. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2939-42. [PMID: 15139773 DOI: 10.1021/jm031099y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 1,2,4-triazoles have been prepared and the evaluation of their cannabinoid properties have been carried out. Compound 8 showed cannabinoid silent antagonist activity in mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum preparations and in vivo assays (cannabinoid tetrad) in mouse. It did not have intrinsic activity in these bioassays, and therefore, it did not behave as a partial agonist or an inverse agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Hungund BL, Basavarajappa BS, Vadasz C, Kunos G, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Colombo G, Serra S, Parsons L, Koob GF. Ethanol, endocannabinoids, and the cannabinoidergic signaling system. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002. [PMID: 11981134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2001 annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism in Montreal, Canada. The chairpersons were Appa Hungund and George Koob. The presentations were (1) Role of endocannabinoids in ethanol tolerance, by Appa Hungund; (2) Modulation of cannabinoid receptor and its signal transduction in chronic alcoholism, by B. S. Basavarajappa; (3) Endocannabinoid involvement in the control of appetitive behavior, by George Kunos; (4) Regulation of voluntary ethanol intake by cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists in alcohol-preferring sP rats, by Giancarlo Colombo; (5) Role of endogenous cannabinoid system in alcoholism, by Fernado Rodriguez de Fonseca; and (6) Endocannabinoids and dopamine interactions in vivo, by Loren Parsons and George Koob.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basalingappa L Hungund
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA.
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