1
|
Li N, Li Y. Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) and Its Receptors in Mood Regulation: A Systematic Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7440. [PMID: 39000547 PMCID: PMC11242315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders affect over 300 million individuals worldwide, often characterized by their chronic and refractory nature, posing significant threats to patient life. There has been a notable increase in mood disorders among American adolescents and young adults, with a rising number of suicide attempts and fatalities, highlighting a growing association between mood disorders and suicidal outcomes. Dysregulation within the neuroimmune-endocrine system is now recognized as one of the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying mood and mood disorders. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a novel mediator of mood behavior, induces anxiety-like and depression-like phenotypes through its receptors LPA1 and LPA5, regulating synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity. Consequently, LPA has garnered substantial interest in the study of mood regulation. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors, along with LPA receptor ligands, in mood regulation and to explore their potential therapeutic efficacy in treating mood disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, identifying 208 articles through keyword searches up to June 2024. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant publications, and those restricted by open access limitations, 21 scientific papers were included in this review. The findings indicate that LPA/LPA receptor modulation could be beneficial in treating mood disorders, suggesting that pharmacological agents or gintonin, an extract from ginseng, may serve as effective therapeutic strategies. This study opens new avenues for future research into how lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors, as well as lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligands, influence emotional behavior in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sports and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shalchi-Amirkhiz P, Bensch T, Proschmann U, Stock AK, Ziemssen T, Akgün K. Pilot study on the influence of acute alcohol exposure on biophysical parameters of leukocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1243155. [PMID: 37614440 PMCID: PMC10442941 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1243155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This pilot study explores the influence of acute alcohol exposure on cell mechanical properties of steady-state and activated leukocytes conducted with real-time deformability cytometry. Methods: Nineteen healthy male volunteers were enrolled to investigate the effect of binge drinking on biophysical properties and cell counts of peripheral blood leukocytes. Each participant consumed an individualized amount of alcohol to achieve a blood alcohol concentration of 1.2 ‰ as a mean peak. In addition, we also incubated whole blood samples from healthy donors with various ethanol concentrations and performed stimulation experiments using lipopolysaccharide and CytoStim™ in the presence of ethanol. Results: Our findings indicate that the biophysical properties of steady-state leukocytes are not significantly affected by a single episode of binge drinking within the first two hours. However, we observed significant alterations in relative cell counts and a shift toward a memory T cell phenotype. Moreover, exposure to ethanol during stimulation appears to inhibit the cytoskeleton reorganization of monocytes, as evidenced by a hindered increase in cell deformability. Conclusion: Our observations indicate the promising potential of cell mechanical analysis in understanding the influence of ethanol on immune cell functions. Nevertheless, additional investigations in this field are warranted to validate biophysical properties as biomarkers or prognostic indicators for alcohol-related changes in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puya Shalchi-Amirkhiz
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tristan Bensch
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Undine Proschmann
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Y, Yang M, Chen X, Zhang G, Wan S, Zhang B, Huo J, Liu H. Decreased tubulin-binding cofactor B was involved in the formation disorder of nascent astrocyte processes by regulating microtubule plus-end growth through binding with end-binding proteins 1 and 3 after chronic alcohol exposure. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:989945. [PMID: 36385945 PMCID: PMC9641617 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.989945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a neurological disease caused by excessive drinking during pregnancy and characterized by congenital abnormalities in the structure and function of the fetal brain. This study was proposed to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of FAS by revealing the possible mechanisms of alcohol-induced astrocyte injury. First, a chronic alcohol exposure model of astrocytes was established, and the formation disorder was found in astrocyte processes where tubulin-binding cofactor B (TBCB) was decreased or lost, accompanied by disorganized microtubules (MT). Second, to understand the relationship between TBCB reduction and the formation disorder of astrocyte processes, TBCB was silenced or overexpressed. It caused astrocyte processes to retract or lose after silencing, while the processes increased with expending basal part and obtuse tips after overexpressing. It confirmed that TBCB was one of the critical factors for the formation of astrocyte processes through regulating MT plus-end and provided a new view on the pathogenesis of FAS. Third, to explore the mechanism of TBCB regulating MT plus-ends, we first proved end-binding proteins 1 and 3 (EB1/3) were bound at MT plus-ends in astrocytes. Then, through interference experiments, we found that both EB1 and EB3, which formed in heterodimers, were necessary to mediate TBCB binding to MT plus-ends and thus regulated the formation of astrocyte processes. Finally, the regulatory mechanism was studied and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was found as one of the main pathways regulating the expression of TBCB in astrocytes after alcohol injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingqiu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiechao Huo
- Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Mindong She Medicine, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng Y, Huo J, Yang M, Zhang G, Wan S, Chen X, Zhang B, Liu H. ERK1/2 Signalling Pathway Regulates Tubulin-Binding Cofactor B Expression and Affects Astrocyte Process Formation after Acute Foetal Alcohol Exposure. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070813. [PMID: 35884621 PMCID: PMC9312805 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a spectrum of neurological disorders whose neurological symptoms, besides the neuronal damage caused by alcohol, may also be associated with neuroglial damage. Tubulin-binding cofactor B (TBCB) may be involved in the pathogenesis of FASD. To understand the mechanism and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of FASD, acute foetal alcohol exposure model on astrocytes was established and the interference experiments were carried out. First, after alcohol exposure, the nascent astrocyte processes were reduced or lost, accompanied by the absence of TBCB expression and the disruption of microtubules (MTs) in processes. Subsequently, TBCB was silenced with siRNA. It was severely reduced or lost in nascent astrocyte processes, with a dramatic reduction in astrocyte processes, indicating that TBCB plays a vital role in astrocyte process formation. Finally, the regulating mechanism was studied and it was found that the extracellular signal-regulated protease 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling pathway was one of the main pathways regulating TBCB expression in astrocytes after alcohol injury. In summary, after acute foetal alcohol exposure, the decreased TBCB in nascent astrocyte processes, regulated by the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, was the main factor leading to the disorder of astrocyte process formation, which could contribute to the neurological symptoms of FASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (B.Z.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiechao Huo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (B.Z.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Mei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (B.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400063, China;
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu 610044, China;
| | - Xiaoqiao Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (B.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Bingqiu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (B.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (B.Z.); (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martín-Estal I, Castilla-Cortázar I, Castorena-Torres F. The Placenta as a Target for Alcohol During Pregnancy: The Close Relation with IGFs Signaling Pathway. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 180:119-153. [PMID: 34159446 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most consumed drugs in the world, even during pregnancy. Its use is a risk factor for developing adverse outcomes, e.g. fetal death, miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and premature birth, also resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Ethanol metabolism induces an oxidative environment that promotes the oxidation of lipids and proteins, triggers DNA damage, and advocates mitochondrial dysfunction, all of them leading to apoptosis and cellular injury. Several organs are altered due to this harmful behavior, the brain being one of the most affected. Throughout pregnancy, the human placenta is one of the most important organs for women's health and fetal development, as it secretes numerous hormones necessary for a suitable intrauterine environment. However, our understanding of the human placenta is very limited and even more restricted is the knowledge of the impact of toxic substances in its development and fetal growth. So, could ethanol consumption during this period have wounding effects in the placenta, compromising proper fetal organ development? Several studies have demonstrated that alcohol impairs various signaling cascades within G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, mainly through its action on insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. This last cascade is involved in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation and in placentation. This review tries to examine the current knowledge and gaps in our existing understanding of the ethanol effects in insulin/IGFs signaling pathway, which can explain the mechanism to elucidate the adverse actions of ethanol in the maternal-fetal interface of mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Estal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-Marín L, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Mañas-Padilla MC, Alén F, Moreno-Fernández RD, Díaz-Navarro C, Pérez-Del Palacio J, García-Fernández M, Pedraza C, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Serrano A, Castilla-Ortega E. Systemic blockade of LPA 1/3 lysophosphatidic acid receptors by ki16425 modulates the effects of ethanol on the brain and behavior. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:189-201. [PMID: 29378212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The systemic administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) LPA1/3 receptor antagonists is a promising clinical tool for cancer, sclerosis and fibrosis-related diseases. Since LPA1 receptor-null mice engage in increased ethanol consumption, we evaluated the effects of systemic administration of an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist (intraperitoneal ki16425, 20 mg/kg) on ethanol-related behaviors as well as on brain and plasma correlates. Acute administration of ki16425 reduced motivation for ethanol but not for saccharine in ethanol self-administering Wistar rats. Mouse experiments were conducted in two different strains. In Swiss mice, ki16425 treatment reduced both ethanol-induced sedation (loss of righting reflex, LORR) and ethanol reward (escalation in ethanol consumption and ethanol-induced conditioned place preference, CPP). Furthermore, in the CPP-trained Swiss mice, ki16425 prevented the effects of ethanol on basal c-Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex and on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In the c57BL6/J mouse strain, however, no effects of ki16425 on LORR or voluntary drinking were observed. The c57BL6/J mouse strain was then evaluated for ethanol withdrawal symptoms, which were attenuated when ethanol was preceded by ki16425 administration. In these animals, ki16425 modulated the expression of glutamate-related genes in brain limbic regions after ethanol exposure; and peripheral LPA signaling was dysregulated by either ki16425 or ethanol. Overall, these results suggest that LPA1/3 receptor antagonists might be a potential new class of drugs that are suitable for treating or preventing alcohol use disorders. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that systemic ki16425 showed poor brain penetration, suggesting the involvement of peripheral events to explain its effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Marín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Centro de Experimentación Animal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Román D Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz-Navarro
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Del Palacio
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakajima S, Gotoh M, Fukasawa K, Murofushi H, Murakami-Murofushi K. 2-O-Carba-oleoyl cyclic phosphatidic acid induces glial proliferation through the activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor. Brain Res 2017; 1681:44-51. [PMID: 29278716 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) are one of the lipid mediators regulating cell proliferation and differentiation through the activation of LPA receptors. An LPA receptor-mediated signal is important for the development of the central nervous system, while it has been demonstrated that LPA caused microglial activation and astroglial dysfunction. Previously, we have reported that cPA and carba analog of cPA, 2-O-carba-cPA (2ccPA), protected neural damage caused by transient ischemia. However, little is known about the target cell of cPA/2ccPA in the central nervous systems. Here, we examined the effect of 2ccPA on glial proliferation and differentiation using the primary astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) cultures. 2ccPA increased the DNA synthesis of astrocytes and OPCs, but it did not reduce the formazan production in the mitochondria. Further, 2ccPA increased the cell number and cell survival against oxidative stress. The inhibition of LPA receptors by ki16425 abolished 2ccPA-induced DNA synthesis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by 2ccPA, which contributed to the astroglial DNA synthesis. These results suggest that 2ccPA is a beneficial regulator of glial population through the activation of LPA receptor without reduction of mitochondrial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Murofushi
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HJ, Park SD, Lee RM, Lee BH, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Gintonin attenuates depressive-like behaviors associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:23-29. [PMID: 28314177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng Meyer extracts have been used to improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression. However, little is known about the extracts' active ingredients and the molecular mechanisms underlying their reported anti-depressive effects. METHODS Gintonin is an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand isolated from P. ginseng. BON cells, an enterochromaffin cell line, and C57BL/6 mice were used to investigate whether gintonin stimulates serotonin release. Furthermore, the effects of gintonin on depressive-like behaviors following alcohol withdrawal were evaluated using the forced swim and tail suspension tests. RESULTS Treatment of BON cells with gintonin induced a transient increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and serotonin release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via the LPA receptor signaling pathway. Oral administration of the gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) induced an increase in the plasma serotonin concentration in the mice. Oral administration of the GEF in mice with alcohol withdrawal decreased the immobility time in two depression-like behavioral tests and restored the alcohol withdrawal-induced serotonin decrease in plasma levels. LIMITATIONS We cannot exclude the possibility that the gintonin-mediated regulation of adrenal catecholamine release in the peripheral system, and acetylcholine and glutamate release in the central nervous system, could also contribute to the alleviation of depressive-like behaviors. CONCLUSION The GEF-mediated attenuation of depressive-like behavior induced by alcohol withdrawal may be mediated by serotonin release from intestinal enterochromaffin cells. Therefore, the GEF might be responsible for the ginseng extract-induced alleviation of depression-related symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mukherjee A, Ma Y, Yuan F, Gong Y, Fang Z, Mohamed EM, Berrios E, Shao H, Fang X. Lysophosphatidic Acid Up-Regulates Hexokinase II and Glycolysis to Promote Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2016; 17:723-734. [PMID: 26476080 PMCID: PMC4611075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a blood-borne lipid mediator, is present in elevated concentrations in ascites of ovarian cancer patients and other malignant effusions. LPA is a potent mitogen in cancer cells. The mechanism linking LPA signal to cancer cell proliferation is not well understood. Little is known about whether LPA affects glucose metabolism to accommodate rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Here we describe that in ovarian cancer cells, LPA enhances glycolytic rate and lactate efflux. A real time PCR-based miniarray showed that hexokinase II (HK2) was the most dramatically induced glycolytic gene to promote glycolysis in LPA-treated cells. Analysis of the human HK2 gene promoter identified the sterol regulatory element-binding protein as the primary mediator of LPA-induced HK2 transcription. The effects of LPA on HK2 and glycolysis rely on LPA2, an LPA receptor subtype overexpressed in ovarian cancer and many other malignancies. We further examined the general role of growth factor-induced glycolysis in cell proliferation. Like LPA, epidermal growth factor (EGF) elicited robust glycolytic and proliferative responses in ovarian cancer cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin, however, potently stimulated cell proliferation but only modestly induced glycolysis. Consistent with their differential effects on glycolysis, LPA and EGF-dependent cell proliferation was highly sensitive to glycolytic inhibition while the growth-promoting effect of IGF-1 or insulin was more resistant. These results indicate that LPA- and EGF-induced cell proliferation selectively involves up-regulation of HK2 and glycolytic metabolism. The work is the first to implicate LPA signaling in promotion of glucose metabolism in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Yibao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Yongling Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Zhenyu Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Esraa M Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Erika Berrios
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Huanjie Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Castilla-Ortega E, Pavón FJ, Sánchez-Marín L, Estivill-Torrús G, Pedraza C, Blanco E, Suárez J, Santín L, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Both genetic deletion and pharmacological blockade of lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptor results in increased alcohol consumption. Neuropharmacology 2016; 103:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
11
|
Giralt A, Coura R, Girault JA. Pyk2 is essential for astrocytes mobility following brain lesion. Glia 2015; 64:620-34. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Giralt
- Inserm UMR-S839; Paris 75005 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Paris 75005 France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin; Paris 75005 France
| | - Renata Coura
- Inserm UMR-S839; Paris 75005 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Paris 75005 France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin; Paris 75005 France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S839; Paris 75005 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Paris 75005 France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin; Paris 75005 France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muinonen-Martin AJ, Insall RH. Melanomas' fatal attraction to lysophosphatidic acid trails: a new prognostic and therapeutic approach? Melanoma Manag 2015; 2:97-100. [PMID: 30190836 PMCID: PMC6094656 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Muinonen-Martin
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Bexley Wing, St James’ University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Robert H Insall
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tóth ME, Vígh L, Sántha M. Alcohol stress, membranes, and chaperones. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:299-309. [PMID: 24122554 PMCID: PMC3982023 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol, which affects all body organs, exerts a number of cytotoxic effects, most of them independent of cell type. Ethanol treatment leads to increased membrane fluidity and to changes in membrane protein composition. It can also interact directly with membrane proteins, causing conformational changes and thereby influencing their function. The cytotoxic action may include an increased level of oxidative stress. Heat shock protein molecular chaperones are ubiquitously expressed evolutionarily conserved proteins which serve as critical regulators of cellular homeostasis. Heat shock proteins can be induced by various forms of stresses such as elevated temperature, alcohol treatment, or ischemia, and they are also upregulated in certain pathological conditions. As heat shock and ethanol stress provoke similar responses, it is likely that heat shock protein activation also has a role in the protection of membranes and other cellular components during alcohol stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda E. Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, 6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, 6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, 6701 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ojelade SA, Acevedo SF, Rothenfluh A. The role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating Drosophila behavior. Rev Neurosci 2014; 24:471-84. [PMID: 24077615 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the function of the cytoskeleton has been studied extensively in developing and mature neurons. Actin, a major cytoskeletal protein, is indispensable for the structural integrity and plasticity of neurons and their synapses. Disruption of actin dynamics has significant consequence for neurons, neuronal circuits, and the functions they govern. In particular, cell adhesion molecules, members of the Rho family of GTPases, and actin-binding proteins are important modulators of actin dynamics and neuronal as well as behavioral plasticity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in Drosophila that highlight the importance of actin regulatory proteins in mediating fly behaviors such as circadian rhythm, courtship behavior, learning and memory, and the development of drug addiction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Romero AM, Renau-Piqueras J, Pilar Marin M, Timoneda J, Berciano MT, Lafarga M, Esteban-Pretel G. Chronic alcohol alters dendritic spine development in neurons in primary culture. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:532-48. [PMID: 23820986 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are specialised membrane protrusions of neuronal dendrites that receive the majority of excitatory synaptic inputs. Abnormal changes in their density, size and morphology have been associated with various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including those deriving from drug addiction. Dendritic spine formation, morphology and synaptic functions are governed by the actin cytoskeleton. Previous in vivo studies have shown that ethanol alters the number and morphology of spines, although the mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unknown. It has also been described how chronic ethanol exposure affects the levels, assembly and cellular organisation of the actin cytoskeleton in hippocampal neurons in primary culture. Therefore, we hypothesised that the ethanol-induced alterations in the number and shape of dendritic spines are due to alterations in the mechanisms regulating actin cytoskeleton integrity. The results presented herein show that chronic exposure to moderate levels of alcohol (30 mM) during the first 2 weeks of culture reduces dendritic spine density and alters the proportion of the different morphologies of these structures in hippocampal neurons, which affects the formation of mature spines. Apparently, these effects are associated with an increase in the G-actin/F-actin ratio due to a reduction of the F-actin fraction, leading to changes in the levels of the different factors regulating the organisation of this cytoskeletal component. The data presented herein indicate that these effects occur between weeks 1 and 2 of culture, an important period in dendritic spines development. These changes may be related to the dysfunction in the memory and learning processes present in children prenatally exposed to ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Romero
- Sección de Biología y Patología Celular, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario ''La Fe'', Avenida Campanar 21, 46009, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rothenfluh A, Cowan CW. Emerging roles of actin cytoskeleton regulating enzymes in drug addiction: actin or reactin'? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:507-12. [PMID: 23428655 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurons rely on their cytoskeleton to give them shape and stability, and on cytoskeletal dynamics for growth and synaptic plasticity. Because drug addiction is increasingly seen as the inappropriate learning of strongly reinforcing stimuli, the role of the cytoskeleton in shaping drug memories has been of increasing interest in recent years. Does the cytoskeleton have an active role in shaping these memories, and to what extent do alterations in the cytoskeleton reflect the acute actions of drug exposure, or homeostatic reactions to the chronic exposure to drugs of abuse? Here we will review recent advances in understanding the role of the cytoskeleton in the development of drug addiction, with a focus on actin filaments, as they have been studied in greater detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Esteban-Pretel G, Marín MP, Romero AM, Timoneda J, Ponsoda X, Ballestín R, Renau-Piqueras J. Polyphosphoinositide metabolism and Golgi complex morphology in hippocampal neurons in primary culture is altered by chronic ethanol exposure. Alcohol Alcohol 2012; 48:15-27. [PMID: 23118092 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/ags117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ethanol affects not only the cytoskeletal organization and activity, but also intracellular trafficking in neurons in the primary culture. Polyphosphoinositide (PPIn) are essential regulators of many important cell functions, including those mentioned, cytoskeleton integrity and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Since information about the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on PPIn metabolism in neurons is scarce, this study analysed the effect of this treatment on three of these phospholipids. METHODS Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) levels as well as the activity and/or levels of enzymes involved in their metabolism were analysed in neurons chronically exposed to ethanol. The levels of phospholipases C and D, and phosphatidylethanol formation were also assessed. The consequence of the possible alterations in the levels of PtdIns on the Golgi complex (GC) was also analysed. RESULTS We show that phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate levels, both involved in the control of intracellular trafficking and cytoskeleton organization, decrease in ethanol-exposed hippocampal neurons. In contrast, several kinases that participate in the metabolism of these phospholipids, and the level and/or activity of phospholipases C and D, increase in cells after ethanol exposure. Ethanol also promotes phosphatidylethanol formation in neurons, which can result in the suppression of phosphatidic acid synthesis and, therefore, in PPIn biosynthesis. This treatment also lowers the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate levels, the main PPIn in the GC, with alterations in their morphology and in the levels of some of the proteins involved in structure maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The deregulation of the metabolism of PtdIns may underlie the ethanol-induced alterations on different neuronal processes, including intracellular trafficking and cytoskeletal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Esteban-Pretel
- Corresponding author: Sección de Biología y Patología Celular, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Avda. Campanar 21, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Loureiro SO, Heimfarth L, de Lima BO, Leite MC, Guerra MC, Gonçalves CA, Pessoa-Pureur R. Dual action of chronic ethanol treatment on LPS-induced response in C6 glioma cells. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 249:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
19
|
Selva J, Egea G. Ethanol increases p190RhoGAP activity, leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. J Neurochem 2011; 119:1306-16. [PMID: 21985251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that cells chronically exposed to ethanol show alterations in actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics in primary cultures of newborn rat astrocytes, a well-established in vitro model for foetal alcohol spectrum disorders. These alterations were attributed to a decrease in the cellular levels of active RhoA (RhoA-GTP), which in turn was produced by an increase in the total RhoGAP activity. We here provide evidence that p190RhoGAPs are the main factors responsible for such increase. Thus, in astrocytes chronically exposed to ethanol we observe: (i) an increase in p190A- and p190B-associated RhoGAP activity; (ii) a higher binding of p190A and p190B to RhoA-GTP; (iii) a higher p120RasGAP-p190A RhoGAP complex formation; and (iv) the recruitment of both p190RhoGAPs to the plasma membrane. The simultaneous silencing of both p190 isoforms prevents the actin rearrangements and the total RhoGAP activity increase triggered both by ethanol. Therefore, our data directly points p190RhoGAPs as ethanol-exposure molecular targets on glial cells of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Selva
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, and Instituts d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) i de Nanociències i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells comprise a set of organelles, surrounded by membranes with a unique composition, which is maintained by a complex synthesis and transport system. Cells also synthesize the proteins destined for secretion. Together, these processes are known as the secretory pathway or exocytosis. In addition, many molecules can be internalized by cells through a process called endocytosis. Chronic and acute alcohol (ethanol) exposure alters the secretion of different essential products, such as hormones, neurotransmitters and others in a variety of cells, including central nervous system cells. This effect could be due to a range of mechanisms, including alcohol-induced alterations in the different steps involved in intracellular transport, such as glycosylation and vesicular transport along cytoskeleton elements. Moreover, alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts developmental processes in the central nervous system. No single mechanism has proved sufficient to account for these effects, and multiple factors are likely involved. One such mechanism indicates that ethanol also perturbs protein trafficking. The purpose of this review is to summarize our understanding of how ethanol exposure alters the trafficking of proteins in different cell systems, especially in central nervous system cells (neurons and astrocytes) in adult and developing brains.
Collapse
|
21
|
Evrard SG, Brusco A. Ethanol Effects on the Cytoskeleton of Nerve Tissue Cells. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6787-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
22
|
Boukli NM, Saiyed ZM, Ricaurte M, Rodriguez JW, Ríos Olivares E, Cubano LA, Nair MPN. Implications of ER stress, the unfolded protein response, and pro- and anti-apoptotic protein fingerprints in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells treated with alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:2081-8. [PMID: 20860616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for the activation of T cells and B cells. There is accumulating evidence that psychoactive substances such as alcohol can affect immune responses. We hypothesize that this occurs by modulating changes in proteins triggering a process known as unfolded protein response (UPR). This process protects cells from the toxic effects of misfolded proteins responsible for causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Although much is known about ER stress, little is understood about the consequences of ethanol use on DC's protein expression. METHODS In this study, we investigated alterations in the proteins of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) treated with 0.1% of alcohol by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, protein identification, and confirmation at the gene expression level by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Proteomes of related samples demonstrated 32 differentially expressed proteins that had a 2-fold or greater change in expression (18 spots were up-regulated and 14 were down-regulated), compared to the control cultures (untreated cells). Alcohol significantly changed the expression of several components of the UPR stress-induced pathways that include chaperones, ER stress, antioxidant enzymes, proteases, alcohol dehydrogenase, cytoskeletal and apoptosis-regulating proteins. qRT-PCR analyses highlighted the enhanced expression of UPR and antioxidant genes that increased (18 hours) with alcohol treatment. CONCLUSION Results of these analyses provide insights into alcohol mechanisms of regulating DC and suggest that alcohol induced specifically the UPR in DC. We speculate that activation of a UPR by alcohol may protect the DC from oxidant injury but may lead to the development of alcohol-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawal M Boukli
- Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Acute ethanol exposure disrupts actin cytoskeleton and generates reactive oxygen species in c6 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 25:28-36. [PMID: 20837132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system dysfunctions are among the most significant effects of exposure to ethanol and the glial cells that play an important role in maintaining neuronal function, are extremely involved with these effects. The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in a wide variety of cellular functions, especially when there is some injury. Therefore the aim of the present study was to analyze the short-term effects of ethanol (50, 100 and 200 mM) on the cytoskeleton of C6 glioma cells. Here we report that acute ethanol exposure profoundly disrupts the actin cytoskeleton in C6 cells decreasing stress fiber formation and downregulating RhoA and vinculin immunocontent. In contrast, microtubule and GFAP networks were not altered. We further demonstrate that anti-oxidants prevent ethanol-induced actin alterations, suggesting that the actions of ethanol on the actin cytoskeleton are related with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. Our results show that ethanol at concentrations described to be toxic to the central nervous system was able to target the cytoskeleton of C6 cells and this effect could be related with increased ROS generation. Therefore, we propose that the dynamic restructuring of the cytoskeleton of glial cells might contribute to the response to the injury provoked by binge-like ethanol exposure in brain.
Collapse
|
24
|
Romero AM, Esteban-Pretel G, Marín MP, Ponsoda X, Ballestín R, Canales JJ, Renau-Piqueras J. Chronic ethanol exposure alters the levels, assembly, and cellular organization of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules in hippocampal neurons in primary culture. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:602-12. [PMID: 20829428 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization and dynamics of microtubules (MTs) and the actin cytoskeleton are critical for the correct development and functions of neurons, including intracellular traffic and signaling. In vitro ethanol exposure impairs endocytosis, exocytosis, and nucleocytoplasmic traffic in astrocytes and alters endocytosis in cultured neurons. In astrocytes, these effects relate to changes in the organization and/or function of MTs and the actin cytoskeleton. To evaluate this possibility in hippocampal cultured neurons, we analyzed if chronic ethanol exposure affects the levels, assembly, and cellular organization of both cytoskeleton elements and the possible underlying mechanisms of these effects by morphological and biochemical methods. In the experiments described below, we provide the first evidence that chronic alcohol exposure decreases the amount of both filamentous actin and polymerized tubulin in neurons and that the number of MTs in dendrites lowers in treated cells. Alcohol also diminishes the MT-associated protein-2 levels, which mainly localizes in the somatodendritic compartment in neurons. Ethanol decreases the levels of total Rac, Cdc42, and RhoA, three small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) involved in the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and MTs. Yet when alcohol decreases the levels of the active forms (GTP bound) of Rac1 and Cdc42, it does not affect the active form of RhoA. We also investigated the levels of several effector and regulator molecules of these GTPases to find that alcohol induces heterogeneous results. In conclusion, our results show that MT, actin cytoskeleton organization, and Rho GTPase signaling pathways are targets for the toxic effects of ethanol in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Romero
- Section of Biología y Patología Celular, Centro Investigación, Hospital La Fe, E-46009 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Goldshmit Y, Munro K, Leong SY, Pébay A, Turnley AM. LPA receptor expression in the central nervous system in health and following injury. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 341:23-32. [PMID: 20495828 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-0977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is released from platelets following injury and also plays a role in neural development but little is known about its effects in the adult central nervous system (CNS). We have examined the expression of LPA receptors 1-3 (LPA(1-3)) in intact mouse spinal cord and cortical tissues and following injury. In intact and injured tissues, LPA(1) was expressed by ependymal cells in the central canal of the spinal cord and was upregulated in reactive astrocytes following spinal cord injury. LPA(2) showed low expression in intact CNS tissue, on grey matter astrocytes in spinal cord and in ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricle. Following injury, its expression was upregulated on astrocytes in both cortex and spinal cord. LPA(3) showed low expression in intact CNS tissue, viz. on cortical neurons and motor neurons in the spinal cord, and was upregulated on neurons in both regions after injury. Therefore, LPA(1-3) are differentially expressed in the CNS and their expression is upregulated in response to injury. LPA release following CNS injury may have different consequences for each cell type because of this differential expression in the adult nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yona Goldshmit
- Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Methner DNR, Mayfield RD. Ethanol alters endosomal recycling of human dopamine transporters. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10310-7. [PMID: 20133946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.029561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic membrane trafficking of the monoamine dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopaminergic signaling. Various intrinsic and pharmacological modulators can alter this trafficking. Previously we have shown ethanol potentiates in vitro DAT function and increases surface expression. However, the mechanism underlying these changes is unclear. In the present study, we found ethanol directly regulates DAT function by altering endosomal recycling of the transporter. We defined ethanol action on transporter regulation by [(3)H]DA uptake functional analysis combined with biochemical and immunological assays in stably expressing DAT HEK-293 cells. Short-term ethanol exposure potentiated DAT function in a concentration-, but not time-dependent manner. This potentiation was accompanied by a parallel increase in DAT surface expression. Ethanol had no effect on function or surface localization of the ethanol-insensitive mutant (G130T DAT), suggesting a trafficking-dependent mechanism in mediating the ethanol sensitivity of the transporter. The ethanol-induced increase in DAT surface expression occurred without altering the overall size of DAT endosomal recycling pools. We found ethanol increased the DAT membrane insertion rate while having no effect on internalization of the transporter. Ethanol had no effect on the surface expression or trafficking of the endogenously expressing transferrin receptor, suggesting ethanol does not have a nonspecific effect on endosomal recycling. These results define a novel trafficking mechanism by which ethanol regulates DAT function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nicole Riherd Methner
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marín MP, Esteban-Pretel G, Ponsoda X, Romero AM, Ballestín R, López C, Megías L, Timoneda J, Molowny A, Canales JJ, Renau-Piqueras J. Endocytosis in Cultured Neurons Is Altered by Chronic Alcohol Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2010; 115:202-13. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
28
|
Marín MP, Tomas M, Esteban-Pretel G, Megías L, López-Iglesias C, Egea G, Renau-Piqueras J. Chronic ethanol exposure induces alterations in the nucleocytoplasmic transport in growing astrocytes. J Neurochem 2008; 106:1914-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
29
|
Spohr TCS, de Sampaio E Spohr TC, Choi JW, Gardell SE, Herr DR, Rehen SK, Gomes FCA, Chun J. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor-dependent secondary effects via astrocytes promote neuronal differentiation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:7470-9. [PMID: 18198181 PMCID: PMC2276323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707758200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid derived from cell membranes that has extracellular signaling properties mediated by at least five G protein-coupled receptors referred to as LPA(1)-LPA(5). In the nervous system, receptor-mediated LPA signaling has been demonstrated to influence a range of cellular processes; however, an unaddressed aspect of LPA signaling is its potential to produce specific secondary effects, whereby LPA receptor-expressing cells exposed to, or "primed," by LPA may then act on other cells via distinct, yet LPA-initiated, mechanisms. In the present study, we examined cerebral cortical astrocytes as possible indirect mediators of the effects of LPA on developing cortical neurons. Cultured astrocytes express at least four LPA receptor subtypes, known as LPA(1)-LPA(4). Cerebral cortical astrocytes primed by LPA exposure were found to increase neuronal differentiation of cortical progenitor cells. Treatment of unprimed astrocyte-progenitor cocultures with conditioned medium derived from LPA-primed astrocytes yielded similar results, suggesting the involvement of an astrocyte-derived soluble factor induced by LPA. At least two LPA receptor subtypes are involved in LPA priming, since the priming effect was lost in astrocytes derived from LPA receptor double-null mice (LPA(1)((-/-))/LPA(2)((-/-))). Moreover, the loss of LPA-dependent differentiation in receptor double-null astrocytes could be rescued by retrovirally transduced expression of a single deleted receptor. These data demonstrate that receptor-mediated LPA signaling in astrocytes can induce LPA-dependent, indirect effects on neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Cristina Sampaio Spohr
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martínez SE, Lázaro-Diéguez F, Selva J, Calvo F, Piqueras JR, Crespo P, Claro E, Egea G. Lysophosphatidic acid rescues RhoA activation and phosphoinositides levels in astrocytes exposed to ethanol. J Neurochem 2007; 102:1044-52. [PMID: 17442046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-term ethanol treatment substantially impairs glycosylation and membrane trafficking in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. Our previous studies indicated that these effects were attributable to a primary alteration in the dynamics and organization of the actin cytoskeleton, although the molecular mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated. As small Rho GTPases and phosphoinositides are involved in the actin cytoskeleton organization, we now explore the effects of chronic ethanol treatment on these pathways. We show that chronic ethanol treatment of rat astrocytes specifically reduced endogenous levels of active RhoA as a result of the increase of in the RhoGAP activity. Furthermore, ethanol-treated astrocytes showed reduced phosphoinositides levels. When lysophosphatidic acid was added to ethanol-treated astrocytes, it rapidly reverted actin cytoskeleton reorganization and raised active RhoA levels and phosphoinositides content to those observed in untreated astrocytes. Overall, our results indicate that the harmful effects of chronic exposure to ethanol on a variety of actin dynamics-associated cellular events are primarily because of alterations of activated RhoA and phosphoinositides pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana E Martínez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tomás M, Marín MP, Portolés M, Megías L, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Renau-Piqueras J. Ethanol affects calmodulin and the calmodulin-binding proteins neuronal nitric oxide synthase and alphaII-spectrin (alpha-fodrin) in the nucleus of growing and differentiated rat astrocytes in primary culture. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1039-49. [PMID: 17482793 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of calmodulin (CaM) and the CaM-binding proteins neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and alphaII-spectrin (alpha-fodrin) in the nucleus of growing and differentiated astrocytes was analysed using immunogold electronmicroscopy. We also analysed the effect of moderate ethanol exposure on these proteins. For this, female Wistar rat were fed with an alcoholic liquid diet and exposed to males after several weeks. Pregnant rats were fed with this diet and, after birth, the foetuses brains were used to establish primary cultures of astrocytes. Astrocytes from control and ethanol-exposed rats foetuses were cultured in the absence or presence of ethanol (30 mM) for 7 days (growing cells) and 21 days (differentiated astrocytes). Our results indicate that all the proteins studied appeared mainly on the condensed chromatin of both control- and alcohol-exposed cells and that there are significant variations in the amount of these proteins between quiescent and dividing astrocytes. Altogether, we have not found a co-localisation between CaM and the CaM-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tomás
- Sección de Biología y Patología Celular, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Avda. Campanar 21, E-46009 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Braza-Boïls A, Tomás M, Marín MP, Megías L, Sancho-Tello M, Fornas E, Renau-Piqueras J. GLYCOSYLATION IS ALTERED BY ETHANOL IN RAT HIPPOCAMPAL CULTURED NEURONS. Alcohol Alcohol 2006; 41:494-504. [PMID: 16751217 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agl044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glycoproteins, such as adhesion molecules and growth factors, participate in the regulation of nervous system development. Ethanol affects the synthesis, intracellular transport, distribution, and secretion of N-glycoproteins in different cell types, including astrocytes and hepatocytes, suggesting alterations in the glycosylation process. We analysed the effect of exposure to low doses of ethanol (30 mm, 7 days) on glycosylation in cultured hippocampal neurons. METHODS Neurons were incubated for short (5 min) and long (90 min) periods with the radioactively labelled carbohydrate precursors 2-deoxy-glucose, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and mannose. The uptake and metabolism of these precursors, as well as the radioactivity distribution in protein gels, were analysed. The levels of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 were also determined. RESULTS Ethanol exposure reduces the synthesis of proteins, DNA and RNA and decreased the uptake of mannose, but not of 2-deoxy-glucose and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, and it increased the protein levels of both glucose transporters. Moreover, it altered the carbohydrate moiety of several proteins. Finally, alcohol treatment results in an increment of cell surface glycoconjugates containing terminal non-reduced mannose. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-induced alterations in glycosylation of proteins in neurons could be a key mechanism involved in the teratogenic effects of alcohol exposure on brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Braza-Boïls
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Center for Investigation, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lauto A, Foster LJR, Ferris L, Avolio A, Zwaneveld N, Poole-Warren LA. Albumin-genipin solder for laser tissue repair. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 35:140-5. [PMID: 15334618 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser tissue soldering (LTS) is an alternative technique to suturing for tissue repair that avoids foreign body reaction and provides immediate sealing of the wound. One of the major drawbacks of LTS, however, is the weak tensile strength of the solder welds when compared to sutures. In this study, a crosslinking agent of low cytotoxicity was investigated for its ability to enhance the bond strength of albumin solders with sheep intestine. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Solder strips were welded onto rectangular sections of sheep small intestine using a diode laser. The laser delivered in continuous mode a power of 170 +/- 10 mW at lambda = 808 nm, through a multimode optical fiber (core size = 200 microm) to achieve a dose of 10.8 +/- 0.5 J/mg. The solder thickness and surface area were kept constant throughout the experiment (thickness = 0.15 +/- 0.01 mm, area = 12 +/- 1.2 mm2). The solder was composed of 62% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.38% genipin, 0.25% indocyanin green dye (IG), and water. Tissue welding was also performed with a BSA solder without genipin, as a control group. The repaired tissue was tested for tensile strength by a calibrated tensiometer. Murine fibroblasts were also cultured in extracted media from heat-denatured genipin solder to assess cell growth inhibition in a 48 hours period. RESULTS The tensile strength of the genipin solder was doubled that of the BSA solder (0.21 +/- 0.04 N and 0.11 +/- 0.04 N, respectively; P = 10(-15) unpaired t-test, N = 30). Media extracted from crosslinked genipin solder showed negligible toxicity to fibroblast cells under the culture conditions examined here. CONCLUSION Addition of a chemical crosslinking agent, such as genipin, significantly increased the tensile strength of adhesive-tissue bonds. A proposed mechanism for this enhanced bond strength is the synergistic action of mechanical adhesion with chemical crosslinking by genipin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lauto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052 New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tomás M, Marín P, Megías L, Egea G, Renau-Piqueras J. Ethanol perturbs the secretory pathway in astrocytes. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 20:773-84. [PMID: 15953732 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol exposure induces retention of glycoproteins in growing astrocytes. We examined the intracellular sites at which this retention occurs and investigated whether this effect is accompanied by alterations in the Golgi complex and microtubular system. We studied the effects of ethanol on the Golgi complex structure, as well as on the secretory pathway functionality by monitoring both the transport of the VSV-G protein and the protein levels of several molecules involved in the regulation of this pathway. Ethanol was found to delay VSV-G transport, modify Golgi complex morphology, and reduce the number of secretory vesicles. Moreover, ethanol affected the levels of mannosidase II, p58, betaCOP, rbet1, and several Rab GTPases. It also affected microtubule organization and polymerization and the levels of the motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Most of these effects were dose-dependent. These alterations, together with those previously reported concerning biosynthesis of glycoconjugates, provide novel insights into how ethanol impairs brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Tomás
- Sección de Biología y Patología Celular, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Av. Campanar 21, E-46009 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tomás M, Durán JM, Lázaro-Diéguez F, Babià T, Renau-Piqueras J, Egea G. Fluorescent analogues of plasma membrane sphingolipids are sorted to different intracellular compartments in astrocytes; Harmful effects of chronic ethanol exposure on sphingolipid trafficking and metabolism. FEBS Lett 2004; 563:59-65. [PMID: 15063723 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Revised: 02/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are basic constituents of cellular membranes and are essential for numerous functions such as intracellular signalling. They are transported along the exocytic and endocytic pathways in eukaryotic cells. After endocytosis, fluorescent-labelled sphingolipids are sorted to distinct intracellular organelles prior to recycling (via early/recycling endosomes) or degradation (late endosomes/lysosomes). Here we examine, in primary cultures of rat astrocytes, the internalisation routes followed by C(6)-NBD-glucosylceramide (NBD-GlcCer) and C(6)-NBD-sphingomyelin (NBD-SM) and the effects of ethanol on their endocytic trafficking. Endocytosed plasma membrane NBD-GlcCer and NBD-SM are diverted to the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, respectively. These different internalisation pathways are maintained regardless of the differentiation stage of astrocytes. Chronic ethanol exposure did not alter this endocytic sorting, but delayed the internalisation of both NBD-sphingolipids. Moreover, ethanol also stimulated the in situ metabolism of NBD-ceramide to NBD-GlcCer and NBD-SM. We conclude that in rat astrocytes internalised plasma membrane NBD-sphingolipids are sorted to different subcellular compartments. The exposure to chronic ethanol perturbed the lipid endocytic process and stimulated the de novo synthesis of NBD-sphingolipids, shifting the balance of sphingolipid metabolism in favour of the sphingomyelin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Tomás
- Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, C/ Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|