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Jans K, Lüersen K, von Frieling J, Roeder T, Rimbach G. Dietary lithium stimulates female fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster. Biofactors 2024; 50:326-346. [PMID: 37706424 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The trace element lithium exerts a versatile bioactivity in humans, to some extend overlapping with in vivo findings in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. A potentially essential function of lithium in reproduction has been suggested since the 1980s and multiple studies have since been published postulating a regulatory role of lithium in female gametogenesis. However, the impact of lithium on fruit fly egg production has not been at the center of attention to date. In the present study, we report that dietary lithium (0.1-5.0 mM LiCl) substantially improved life time egg production in D. melanogaster w1118 females, with a maximum increase of plus 45% when supplementing 1.0 mM LiCl. This phenomenon was not observed in the insulin receptor mutant InRE19, indicating a potential involvement of insulin-like signaling in the lithium-mediated fecundity boost. Analysis of the whole-body and ovarian transcriptome revealed that dietary lithium affects the mRNA levels of genes encoding proteins related to processes of follicular maturation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on dietary lithium acting as an in vivo fecundity stimulant in D. melanogaster, further supporting the suggested benefit of the trace element in female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jans
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Jastrzębski MK, Wójcik P, Stępnicki P, Kaczor AA. Effects of small molecules on neurogenesis: Neuronal proliferation and differentiation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:20-37. [PMID: 38239239 PMCID: PMC10793103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are believed to be non-proliferating cells. However, neuronal stem cells are still present in certain areas of the adult brain, although their proliferation diminishes with age. Just as with other cells, their proliferation and differentiation are modulated by various mechanisms. These mechanisms are foundational to the strategies developed to induce neuronal proliferation and differentiation, with potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative diseases. The most common among these diseases are Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, associated with the formation of β -amyloid (Aβ ) aggregates which cause a reduction in the number of neurons. Compounds such as LiCl, 4-aminothiazoles, Pregnenolone, ACEA, harmine, D2AAK1, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and shikonin may induce neuronal proliferation/differentiation through the activation of pathways: MAPK ERK, PI3K/AKT, NFκ B, Wnt, BDNF, and NPAS3. Moreover, combinations of these compounds can potentially transform somatic cells into neurons. This transformation process involves the activation of neuron-specific transcription factors such as NEUROD1, NGN2, ASCL1, and SOX2, which subsequently leads to the transcription of downstream genes, culminating in the transformation of somatic cells into neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases are not the only conditions where inducing neuronal proliferation could be beneficial. Consequently, the impact of pro-proliferative compounds on neurons has also been researched in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K. Jastrzębski
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lublin PL-20093, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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3
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Melnik BC. Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37998335 PMCID: PMC10670572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review on acne transcriptomics allows for deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acne and isotretinoin's mode of action. Puberty-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and androgen signaling activate the kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A Western diet (hyperglycemic carbohydrates and milk/dairy products) also co-stimulates AKT/mTORC1 signaling. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 results in their extrusion into the cytoplasm, a critical switch which enhances the transactivation of lipogenic and proinflammatory transcription factors, including androgen receptor (AR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but reduces the FoxO1-dependent expression of GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), the key transcription factor for infundibular keratinocyte homeostasis. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the p53-binding protein MDM2 promotes the degradation of p53. In contrast, isotretinoin enhances the expression of p53, FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the sebaceous glands of acne patients. The overexpression of these proapoptotic transcription factors explains isotretinoin's desirable sebum-suppressive effect via the induction of sebocyte apoptosis and the depletion of BLIMP1(+) sebocyte progenitor cells; it also explains its adverse effects, including teratogenicity (neural crest cell apoptosis), a reduced ovarian reserve (granulosa cell apoptosis), the risk of depression (the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons), VLDL hyperlipidemia, intracranial hypertension and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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4
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Ossani GP, Riudavets MA, D'Annunzio V, Uceda AM, Ponzo O, Lago NR, Martino DJ. Effect of lithium in pyramidal neurons of Cornu Ammonis in an animal model. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 167:33-36. [PMID: 37826875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder has been associated with a decrease in hippocampal size, and lithium appears to reverse this neuroanatomical abnormality. The objective of this work was to evaluate, at a cellular level, the size of both cell body and nucleus of pyramidal neurons located throughout the Cornu Ammonis (CA1 to CA4 regions). To perform this duty, we used 16 rats that were randomized into two groups: control and dietary lithium-treated. After one month, they were sacrificed and their brains removed for histopathological analysis. Serial photos of the entire Cornu Ammonis were taken and, after dividing them into 4 regions of interest, we measured the cell body and nucleus on each pyramidal neuron belonging to the first 5 photos of each region of interest. As a result of this histological analysis, cell body area and nuclear area were significantly larger in the experimental group in a specific area of the Cornu Ammonis that could correspond to CA2 or the transition between CA1 and CA2. These results suggest that the effect of lithium is not homogeneous throughout the hippocampus and allows directing future studies to a specific area of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Ossani
- Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - M A Riudavets
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Supreme Court of Justice. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V D'Annunzio
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina; Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Uceda
- Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Ponzo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N R Lago
- Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina; Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Babaei A, Tiraihi T, Ai J, Baheiraei N. Enhanced growth and differentiation of neural stem cells on alginate/collagen/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogel incorporated with lithium chloride. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:475-487. [PMID: 38022379 PMCID: PMC10676529 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cell transplantation with hydrogel-based carriers is one of the advanced therapeutics for challenging diseases, such as spinal cord injury. Electrically conductive hydrogel has received much attention for its effect on nerve outgrowth and differentiation. Besides, a load of neuroprotective substances, such as lithium chloride can promote the differentiation properties of the hydrogel. Methods In this study, alginate/collagen/reduced graphene oxide hydrogel loaded with lithium chloride (AL/CO/rGO Li+) was prepared as an injectable cell delivery system for neural tissue regeneration. After determining the lithium-ion release profile, an MTT assay was performed to check neural viability. In the next step, real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of cell adhesion and neurogenic markers. Results Our results showed that the combination of collagen fibers and rGO with alginates increased cell viability and the gene expression of collagen-binding receptor subunits such as integrin α1, and β1. Further, rGO contributed to the controlled release of lithium-ion hydrogel in terms of its plenty of negatively charged functional groups. The continuous culture of NSCs on AL/CO/rGO Li+ hydrogel increased neurogenic genes' expressions of nestin (5.9 fold), NF200 (36.8 fold), and synaptophysin (13.2 fold), as well as protein expression of NF200 and synaptophysin after about 14 days. Conclusion The simultaneous ability of electrical conduction and lithium-ion release of AL/CO/rGO Li+ hydrogel could provide a favorable microenvironment for NSCs by improving their survival, maintaining cell morphology, and expressing the neural marker. It may be potentially used as a therapeutic approach for stem cell transplantation in a spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Babaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taki Tiraihi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jajar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Osete JR, Akkouh IA, Ievglevskyi O, Vandenberghe M, de Assis DR, Ueland T, Kondratskaya E, Holen B, Szabo A, Hughes T, Smeland OB, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Djurovic S. Transcriptional and functional effects of lithium in bipolar disorder iPSC-derived cortical spheroids. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3033-3043. [PMID: 36653674 PMCID: PMC10615757 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is recommended for long-term treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). However, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling BD-related disease mechanisms. We studied the effects of 1 mM Li treatment for 1 month in iPSC-derived human cortical spheroids (hCS) from 10 healthy controls (CTRL) and 11 BD patients (6 Li-responders, Li-R, and 5 Li non-treated, Li-N). At day 180 of differentiation, BD hCS showed smaller size, reduced proportion of neurons, decreased neuronal excitability and reduced neural network activity compared to CTRL hCS. Li rescued excitability of BD hCS neurons by exerting an opposite effect in the two diagnostic groups, increasing excitability in BD hCS and decreasing it in CTRL hCS. We identified 132 Li-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were overrepresented in sodium ion homeostasis and kidney-related pathways. Moreover, Li regulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased mitochondrial reserve capacity in BD hCS. Through long-term Li treatment of a human 3D brain model, this study partly elucidates the functional and transcriptional mechanisms underlying the clinical effects of Li, such as rescue of neuronal excitability and neuroprotection. Our results also underscore the substantial influence of treatment duration in Li studies. Lastly, this study illustrates the potential of patient iPSC-derived 3D brain models for precision medicine in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Requena Osete
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ibrahim A Akkouh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Ievglevskyi
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthieu Vandenberghe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis Reis de Assis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Kondratskaya
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Holen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Martin Steen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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7
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Puglisi-Allegra S, Lazzeri G, Busceti CL, Giorgi FS, Biagioni F, Fornai F. Lithium engages autophagy for neuroprotection and neuroplasticity: translational evidence for therapy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105148. [PMID: 36996994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Here an overview is provided on therapeutic/neuroprotective effects of Lithium (Li+) in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders focusing on the conspicuous action of Li+ through autophagy. The effects on the autophagy machinery remain the key molecular mechanisms to explain the protective effects of Li+ for neurodegenerative diseases, offering potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and emphasizes a crossroad linking autophagy, neurodegenerative disorders, and mood stabilization. Sensitization by psychostimulants points to several mechanisms involved in psychopathology, most also crucial in neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence shows the involvement of autophagy and metabotropic Glutamate receptors-5 (mGluR5) in neurodegeneration due to methamphetamine neurotoxicity as well as in neuroprotection, both in vitro and in vivo models. More recently, Li+ was shown to modulate autophagy through its action on mGluR5, thus pointing to an additional way of autophagy engagement by Li+ and to a substantial role of mGluR5 in neuroprotection related to neural e neuropsychiatry diseases. We propose Li+ engagement of autophagy through the canonical mechanisms of autophagy machinery and through the intermediary of mGluR5.
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8
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Ghanaatfar F, Ghanaatfar A, Isapour P, Farokhi N, Bozorgniahosseini S, Javadi M, Gholami M, Ulloa L, Coleman-Fuller N, Motaghinejad M. Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:4-30. [PMID: 35996185 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti-inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Parisa Isapour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Negin Farokhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Javadi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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The neuroprotective and neuroplastic potential of glutamatergic therapeutic drugs in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Farrokhfar S, Tiraihi T, Movahedin M, Azizi H. Morphine Induces Differential Gene Expression in Transdifferentiated Neuron-Like Cells from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Giordano J. Hormesis and neural stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:314-329. [PMID: 34871764 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed identification and assessment of hormetic dose responses in neural stem cells (NSCs) as identified in a number of animal models and human tissues, with particular emphasis on cell proliferation and differentiation. Hormetic dose responses were commonly observed following administration of a number of agents, including dietary supplements [e.g., berberine, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), Ginkgo Biloba, resveratrol], pharmaceuticals (e.g., lithium, lovastatin, melatonin), endogenous ligands [e.g., hydrogen sulfide (H2S), magnesium, progesterone, taurine], environmental contaminants (e.g., arsenic, rotenone) and physical agents [e.g., hypoxia, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic radiation (EMF)]. These data indicate that numerous agents can induce hormetic dose responses to upregulate key functions of such as cell proliferation and differentiation in NSCs, and enhance resilience to inflammatory stresses. The paper assesses both putative mechanisms of hormetic responses in NSCs, and the potential therapeutic implications and application(s) of hormetic frameworks in clinical approaches to neurological injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97 - 95125, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD); University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, USA.
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12
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Calabrese EJ. Hormesis and embryonic stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109783. [PMID: 34932953 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an identification and detailed assessment of hormetic dose responses of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with particular emphasis on cell renewal (proliferation) and differentiation, underlying mechanistic foundations and potential therapeutic implications. Hormetic dose responses were commonly reported, being induced by a broad range of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals (e.g., atorvastatin, isoproterenol, lithium, nicotine, ouabain), dietary supplements (e.g., curcumin, multiple ginsenosides, resveratrol), endogenous agents (e.g., estrogen, hydrogen peroxide, melatonin), and physical stressor agents (e.g., hypoxia, ionizing radiation). ESC-hormetic dose responses are similar for other stem cell types (e.g., adipose-derived stem cells, apical papilla, bone marrow stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, endothelial stem cells, muscle stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, neural stem cells), indicating a high degree of generality for the hormetic-stem cells response. The widespread occurrence of hormetic dose responses shown by ESCs and other stem cells suggests that the hormetic dose response may represent a fundamental and highly conserved evolutionary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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13
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Lithium treatment and human hippocampal neurogenesis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:555. [PMID: 34718328 PMCID: PMC8557207 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, where it acts as a mood-stabilizing agent. Although its precise mechanism remains unclear, neuroimaging studies have shown that lithium accumulates in the hippocampus and that chronic use amongst bipolar disorder patients is associated with larger hippocampal volumes. Here, we tested the chronic effects of low (0.75 mM) and high (2.25 mM) doses of lithium on human hippocampal progenitor cells and used immunocytochemistry to investigate the effects of lithium on cell parameters implicated in neurogenesis. Corresponding RNA-sequencing and gene-set enrichment analyses were used to evaluate whether genes affected by lithium in our model overlap with those regulating the volume of specific layers of the dentate gyrus. We observed that high-dose lithium treatment in human hippocampal progenitors increased the generation of neuroblasts (P ≤ 0.01), neurons (P ≤ 0.01), and glia (P ≤ 0.001), alongside the expression of genes, which regulate the volume of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. This study provides empirical support that adult hippocampal neurogenesis and gliogenesis are mechanisms that could contribute to the effects of lithium on human hippocampal volume.
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14
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Rodrigues RS, Paulo SL, Moreira JB, Tanqueiro SR, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Xapelli S. Adult Neural Stem Cells as Promising Targets in Psychiatric Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 29:1099-1117. [PMID: 32723008 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for psychiatric disorders is of utmost importance, given the enormous toll these disorders pose to society nowadays. This should be based on the identification of neural substrates and mechanisms that underlie disease etiopathophysiology. Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) have been emerging as a promising platform to counteract brain damage. In this perspective article, we put forth a detailed view of how NSCs operate in the adult brain and influence brain homeostasis, having profound implications at both behavioral and functional levels. We appraise evidence suggesting that adult NSCs play important roles in regulating several forms of brain plasticity, particularly emotional and cognitive flexibility, and that NSC dynamics are altered upon brain pathology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of utilizing adult endogenous NSCs as vessels for regeneration, highlighting their importance as targets for the treatment of multiple mental illnesses, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and addiction. Finally, we speculate on strategies to surpass current challenges in neuropsychiatric disease modeling and brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Ertekin A, Atay E, Bozkurt E, Aslan E. Effect of buscopan, a compound that alleviates cramps, on the developing nervous system of the chick embryo. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1140-1151. [PMID: 34050726 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buscopan is used to treat stomach cramps including those resulting from irritable bowel syndrome, bladder cramps, and pain related to menstruation. Its pregnancy category is determined as C. It has been shown in experimental animal studies that the drug has a negative effect on the embryo, but sufficient and well-controlled studies have not been conducted in humans. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of buscopan on the development of the neural tube (NT) in chick embryos. METHODS Sixty specific pathogen-free (SPF) fertilized eggs were used. SPF eggs were placed in an incubator and divided into six groups at 28 hr of incubation. Five different doses (low to high) of buscopan were injected sub-blastodermally. At the end of 48 hr, the embryos were evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. The argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing region (AgNOR) method was used in this study to determine the proliferation activity of cells in NT development in chick embryos. AgNOR number and total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA) were detected for each embryo. RESULTS Depending on the dose, the embryo's crown-rump length and somite number decreased (p < .05). Significant differences were detected among all groups for mean AgNOR number (p < .05) and TAA/NA ratio (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Considering the average count of AgNOR cells and TAA/NA ratio, it was found that there was a decrease in cell division depending on the dose. It was determined that buscopan treatment on chick embryos adversely affected early nervous system and NT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Ertekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Emre Atay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Erhan Bozkurt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Esra Aslan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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16
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Do Autophagy Enhancers/ROS Scavengers Alleviate Consequences of Mild Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced in Neuronal-Derived Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115753. [PMID: 34072255 PMCID: PMC8197898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is at the nexus of pathways regulating synaptic-plasticity and cellular resilience. The involvement of brain mitochondrial dysfunction along with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, accumulating mtDNA mutations, and attenuated autophagy is implicated in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously modeled mild mitochondrial dysfunction assumed to occur in bipolar disorder (BPD) using exposure of human neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) to rotenone (an inhibitor of mitochondrial-respiration complex-I) for 72 and 96 h, which exhibited up- and down-regulation of mitochondrial respiration, respectively. In this study, we aimed to find out whether autophagy enhancers (lithium, trehalose, rapamycin, and resveratrol) and/or ROS scavengers [resveratrol, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Mn-Tbap) can ameliorate neuronal mild mitochondrial dysfunction. Only lithium (added for the last 24/48 h of the exposure to rotenone for 72/96 h, respectively) counteracted the effect of rotenone on most of the mitochondrial respiration parameters (measured as oxygen consumption rate (OCR)). Rapamycin, resveratrol, NAC, and Mn-Tbap counteracted most of rotenone's effects on OCR parameters after 72 h, possibly via different mechanisms, which are not necessarily related to their ROS scavenging and/or autophagy enhancement effects. The effect of lithium reversing rotenone's effect on OCR parameters is compatible with lithium's known positive effects on mitochondrial function and is possibly mediated via its effect on autophagy. By-and-large it may be summarized that some autophagy enhancers/ROS scavengers alleviate some rotenone-induced mild mitochondrial changes in SH-SY5Y cells.
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17
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Lithium increases mitochondrial respiration in iPSC-derived neural precursor cells from lithium responders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6789-6805. [PMID: 34075196 PMCID: PMC8760072 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li), valproate (VPA) and lamotrigine (LTG) are commonly used to treat bipolar disorder (BD). While their clinical efficacy is well established, the mechanisms of action at the molecular level are still incompletely understood. Here we investigated the molecular effects of Li, LTG and VPA treatment in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) generated from 3 healthy controls (CTRL), 3 affective disorder Li responsive patients (Li-R) and 3 Li non-treated patients (Li-N) after 6 h and 1 week of exposure. Differential expression (DE) analysis after 6 h of treatment revealed a transcriptional signature that was associated with all three drugs and most significantly enriched for ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathways. In addition to the shared DE genes, we found that Li exposure was associated with 554 genes uniquely regulated in Li-R NPCs and enriched for spliceosome, OXPHOS and thermogenesis pathways. In-depth analysis of the treatment-associated transcripts uncovered a significant decrease in intron retention rate, suggesting that the beneficial influence of these drugs might partly be related to splicing. We examined the mitochondrial respiratory function of the NPCs by exploring the drugs' effects on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and glycolytic rate (ECAR). Li improved OCR levels only in Li-R NPCs by enhancing maximal respiration and reserve capacity, while VPA enhanced maximal respiration and reserve capacity in Li-N NPCs. Overall, our findings further support the involvement of mitochondrial functions in the molecular mechanisms of mood stabilizers and suggest novel mechanisms related to the spliceosome, which warrant further investigation.
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18
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Ahmadi S, Nabiuni M, Tahmaseb M, Amini E. Enhanced Neural Differentiation of Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell by Synergistic Effect of Lithium carbonate and Crocin on BDNF and GDNF Expression as Neurotrophic Factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:95-106. [PMID: 34567149 PMCID: PMC8457715 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.15561.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration of nerve cells. Due to the complexity of conditions in neurodegenerative diseases, combination therapy, including cell and drug therapy is important as a new therapeutic strategy. Epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) are among the best choices in cell therapy for various neurological diseases. In this study, the effect of Lithium carbonate and Crocin, considering their effects on cellular signaling pathways and neuroprotective properties were investigated on the expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF and GDNF in EPI-NCSCs. EPI-NCSCs were isolated from the hair follicle and treated with different concentrations of drugs [Lithium, Crocin, and lithium + Crocin] for 72h. Then, trial concentrations were selected by MTT assay. The cells were treated with selected concentrations (Lithium 1 mM, Crocin 1.5 mM, and for co-treatment Lithium 1 mM and Crocin 1 mM) for 7 days. The Real-Time PCR results indicated an increasing in expression of BDNF and GDNF in treated cells as compared with control (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001). The results in this study confirmed and supported the neuroprotective/neurogenesis effects of Lithium and Crocin. It also showed that the proposed protocol could be used to increase EPI-NCSCs differentiation potential into neural cells in cell therapy and combination therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ahmadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Tahmaseb
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Amini
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Bortolasci CC, Spolding B, Kidnapillai S, Connor T, Truong TT, Liu ZS, Panizzutti B, Richardson MF, Gray L, Berk M, Dean OM, Walder K. Transcriptional Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Genes Involved in Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218333. [PMID: 33172123 PMCID: PMC7672551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neurogenesis is affected in several psychiatric diseases, the effects and mechanisms of action of psychoactive drugs on neurogenesis remain unknown and/or controversial. This study aims to evaluate the effects of psychoactive drugs on the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis. Neuronal-like cells (NT2-N) were treated with amisulpride (10 µM), aripiprazole (0.1 µM), clozapine (10 µM), lamotrigine (50 µM), lithium (2.5 mM), quetiapine (50 µM), risperidone (0.1 µM), or valproate (0.5 mM) for 24 h. Genome wide mRNA expression was quantified and analysed using gene set enrichment analysis, with the neurogenesis gene set retrieved from the Gene Ontology database and the Mammalian Adult Neurogenesis Gene Ontology (MANGO) database. Transcription factors that are more likely to regulate these genes were investigated to better understand the biological processes driving neurogenesis. Targeted metabolomics were performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Six of the eight drugs decreased the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis in both databases. This suggests that acute treatment with these psychoactive drugs negatively regulates the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis in vitro. SOX2 and three of its target genes (CCND1, BMP4, and DKK1) were also decreased after treatment with quetiapine. This can, at least in part, explain the mechanisms by which these drugs decrease neurogenesis at a transcriptional level in vitro. These results were supported by the finding of increased metabolite markers of mature neurons following treatment with most of the drugs tested, suggesting increased proportions of mature relative to immature neurons consistent with reduced neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara C. Bortolasci
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Briana Spolding
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Srisaiyini Kidnapillai
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Timothy Connor
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Trang T.T. Truong
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Zoe S.J. Liu
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Bruna Panizzutti
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Mark F. Richardson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Laura Gray
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Michael Berk
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Olivia M. Dean
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.S.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (B.P.); (L.G.); (M.B.); (O.M.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
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20
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Bernabeu-Zornoza A, Coronel R, Palmer C, Monteagudo M, Zambrano A, Liste I. Physiological and pathological effects of amyloid-β species in neural stem cell biology. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2035-2042. [PMID: 31397330 PMCID: PMC6788229 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amyloid-β peptide is considered neurotoxic, it may mediate several physiological processes during embryonic development and in the adult brain. The pathological function of amyloid-β peptide has been extensively studied due to its implication in Alzheimer's disease, but its physiological function remains poorly understood. Amyloid-β peptide can be detected in non-aggregated (monomeric) and aggregated (oligomeric and fibrillary) forms. Each form has different cytotoxic and/or physiological properties, so amyloid-β peptide and its role in Alzheimer's disease need to be studied further. Neural stem cells and neural precursor cells are good tools for the study on neurodegenerative diseases and can provide future therapeutic applications in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we provide an outline of the effects of amyloid-β peptide, in monomeric and aggregated forms, on the biology of neural stem cells/neural precursor cells, and discuss the controversies. We also describe the possible molecular targets that could be implicated in these effects, especially GSK3β. A better understanding of amyloid-β peptide (both physiological and pathological), and the signaling pathways involved are essential to advance the field of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Bernabeu-Zornoza
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Coronel
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Palmer
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Monteagudo
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Zambrano
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Li Puma DD, Piacentini R, Leone L, Gironi K, Marcocci ME, De Chiara G, Palamara AT, Grassi C. Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Infection Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Amyloid-β Protein Accumulation. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1467-1480. [PMID: 31381841 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection of cultured neurons triggered intracellular accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) markedly impinging on neuronal functions. Here, we demonstrated that HSV-1 affects in vitro and in vivo adult hippocampal neurogenesis by reducing neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) proliferation and their neuronal differentiation via intracellular Aβ accumulation. Specifically, cultured NSCs were more permissive for HSV-1 replication than mature neurons and, once infected, they exhibited reduced proliferation (assessed by 5'-bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation, Ki67 immunoreactivity, and Sox2 mRNA expression) and impaired neuronal differentiation in favor of glial phenotype (evaluated by immunoreactivity for the neuronal marker MAP2, the glial marker glial fibrillary astrocyte protein, and the expression of the proneuronal genes Mash1 and NeuroD1). Similarly, impaired adult neurogenesis was observed in the subgranular zone of hippocampal dentate gyrus of an in vivo model of recurrent HSV-1 infections, that we recently set up and characterized, with respect to mock-infected mice. The effects of HSV-1 on neurogenesis did not depend on cell death and were due to Aβ accumulation in infected NSCs. Indeed, they were: (a) reverted, in vitro, by the presence of either β/γ-secretase inhibitors preventing Aβ production or the specific 4G8 antibody counteracting the action of intracellular Aβ; (b) not detectable, in vivo, in HSV-1-infected amyloid precursor protein knockout mice, unable to produce and accumulate Aβ. Given the critical role played by adult neurogenesis in hippocampal-dependent memory and learning, our results suggest that multiple virus reactivations in the brain may contribute to Alzheimer's disease phenotype by also targeting NSCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:1467-1480.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Donatella Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Leone
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Gironi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Chiara
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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22
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Kin K, Yasuhara T, Kawauchi S, Kameda M, Hosomoto K, Tomita Y, Umakoshi M, Kuwahara K, Kin I, Kidani N, Morimoto J, Sasaki T, Date I. Lithium counteracts depressive behavior and augments the treatment effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in treatment-resistant depressed rats. Brain Res 2019; 1717:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Zhang J, He L, Yang Z, Li L, Cai W. Lithium chloride promotes proliferation of neural stem cells in vitro, possibly by triggering the Wnt signaling pathway. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 23:32-41. [PMID: 30834157 PMCID: PMC6394309 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1487334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the effect and associated mechanisms of lithium chloride on neural stem cells (NSCs) and the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of key molecules proteins related to the Wnt signaling pathway in the proliferation and differentiation of control NSCs and lithium chloride-treated NSCs was detected by Western blot analysis. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to study the cell cycle dynamics of control NSCs and NSCs treated with lithium chloride. The therapeutic concentrations of lithium chloride stimulated NSC proliferation. β-catenin expression gradually decreased, while Gsk-3β expression gradually increased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, NSCs treated with lithium chloride showed significantly enhanced β-catenin expression and inhibited Gsk-3β expression in a dose-dependent manner. NSCs in the G0/G1-phases were activated with an increased therapeutic concentration of lithium chloride, while NSCs in the S-phase, as well as G2/M-phases, were arrested (P < 0.01). These data confirm that the proliferation of NSCs is remarkably promoted through changes of cell dynamics after treatment with lithium chloride. Our results provide insight into the effects of lithium chloride in promoting the proliferation abilities of NSCs in vitro and preventing the cells from differentiating, which is potentially mediated by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA 113rd Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA 113rd Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Aβ42 Peptide Promotes Proliferation and Gliogenesis in Human Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4023-4036. [PMID: 30259399 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β 42 [Aβ1-42 (Aβ42)] is one of the main Aβ peptide isoforms found in amyloid plaques of brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although Aβ42 is associated with neurotoxicity, it might mediate several normal physiological processes during embryonic brain development and in the adult brain. However, due to the controversy that exists in the field, relatively little is known about its physiological function. In the present work, we have analyzed the effects of different concentrations of monomeric Aβ42 on cell death, proliferation, and cell fate specification of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), specifically the hNS1 cell line, undergoing differentiation. Our results demonstrate that at higher concentrations (1 μM), Aβ42 increases apoptotic cell death and DNA damage, indicating that prolonged exposure of hNS1 cells to higher concentrations of Aβ42 is neurotoxic. However, at lower concentrations, Aβ42 significantly promotes cell proliferation and glial cell specification of hNS1 cells by increasing the pool of proliferating glial precursors, without affecting neuronal differentiation, in a concentration-dependent manner. At the molecular level, these effects could be mediated, at least in part, by GSK3β, whose expression is increased by treatment with Aβ42 and whose inhibition prevents the glial specification induced by Aβ42. Since the cellular and molecular effects are known to appear decades before the first clinical symptoms, these types of studies are important in discovering the underlying pathophysiological processes involved in the development of AD. This knowledge could then be used in diagnosing the disease at early stages and be applied to the development of new treatment options.
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Kisoh K, Hayashi H, Arai M, Orita M, Yuan B, Takagi N. Possible Involvement of PI3-K/Akt-Dependent GSK-3β Signaling in Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells After Hypoxic Exposure. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1946-1956. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Neuronal and Glial Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells Is Regulated by Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Levels. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1248-1261. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pronin AV, Gogoleva IV, Torshin IY, Gromovа OA. [Neurotrophic effects of lithium stimulate the reduction of ischemic and neurodegenerative brain damage]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 116:99-108. [PMID: 27166488 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161162199-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For over 60 years, high doses of lithium (hundreds of milligrams of elemental lithium) have being used to treat bipolar disorder. However, only during the past 20 years the relevant basic and clinical studies have shown that neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of lithium are possible in much smaller doses ( hundreds of micrograms of elemental lithium). These data indicate a significant potential for the clinical applications of lithium-based drugs in modern neurology for the purposes of prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and ischemic pathologies. Pharmacological and molecular biology studies indicated that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-syntentase-3 (GSK-3) and induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factors are the main mechanisms of neurotropic actions of lithium. Also, by inhibiting the NMDA receptors, lithium regulates the calcium homeostasis and inhibits the activation of calcium-dependent apotosis. These and other molecular mechanisms of lithium action protect neurons from ischemia and neurodegeneration thus contributing to a significant reduction of neurological deficit in various models of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Pronin
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Satellite Center, Trace Elements Institute for UNESCO, Moscow
| | - I V Gogoleva
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Satellite Center, Trace Elements Institute for UNESCO, Moscow
| | - I Yu Torshin
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Satellite Center, Trace Elements Institute for UNESCO, Moscow
| | - O A Gromovа
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Satellite Center, Trace Elements Institute for UNESCO, Moscow
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28
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Zhang LQ, Zhang WM, Deng L, Xu ZX, Lan WB, Lin JH. Transplantation of a Peripheral Nerve with Neural Stem Cells Plus Lithium Chloride Injection Promote the Recovery of Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:471-484. [PMID: 29756516 PMCID: PMC6038036 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717752945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) holds great potential for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, transplanted NSCs poorly survive in the SCI environment. We injected NSCs into tibial nerve and transplanted tibial nerve into a hemisected spinal cord and investigated the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the survival of spinal neurons, axonal regeneration, and functional recovery. Our results show that most of the transplanted NSCs expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein, while there was no obvious expression of nestin, neuronal nuclei, or acetyltransferase found in NSCs. LiCl treatment produced less macrosialin (ED1) expression and axonal degeneration in tibial nerve after NSC injection. Our results also show that a regimen of LiCl treatment promoted NSC differentiation into NF200-positive neurons with neurite extension into the host spinal cord. The combination of tibial nerve transplantation with NSCs and LiCl injection resulted in more host motoneurons surviving in the spinal cord, more regenerated axons in tibial nerve, less glial scar area, and decreased ED1 expression. We conclude that lithium may have therapeutic potential in cell replacement strategies for central nervous system injury due to its ability to promote survival and neuronal generation of grafted NSCs and reduced host immune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Ming Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- 2 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zi-Xing Xu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Bin Lan
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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29
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Bai L, Chang HM, Cheng JC, Chu G, Leung PCK, Yang G. Lithium chloride inhibits StAR and progesterone production through GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human granulosa-lutein cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:89-99. [PMID: 28867214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a widely-used medication to treat neurological disorders that has undesirable side effects on the female reproductive system. It has been show that LiCl can inhibit ovarian folliculogenesis, promote follicle atresia and suppress steroid hormone production in rodents. However, the effects of LiCl on human ovarian steroidogenesis remain completely unknown. In this study, both primary and immortalized human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells were used to investigate the effects of LiCl on progesterone production and its related enzyme expression as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that LiCl significantly down-regulated the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression and subsequent progesterone production in hGL cells. Additionally, LiCl induced the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and ERK1/2 but not AKT or CREB. Knockdown of endogenous GSK-3β or inhibition of ERK1/2 partially reversed LiCl-induced down-regulation of StAR. Furthermore, by using dual inhibition approaches, the results showed that both GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling mediated the regulatory effect of LiCl on StAR expression. Our findings deepen our understanding of the pathological effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how lithium might affect the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Guiyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7082696. [PMID: 29259984 PMCID: PMC5702949 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7082696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a molecular complex equipped with kinase activity which controls cell viability being key in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway. mTOR acts by integrating a number of environmental stimuli to regulate cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and protein synthesis. These effects are based on the modulation of different metabolic pathways. Upregulation of mTOR associates with various pathological conditions, such as obesity, neurodegeneration, and brain tumors. This is the case of high-grade gliomas with a high propensity to proliferation and tissue invasion. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant, aggressive, and lethal glioma. To date, a few treatments are available although the outcome of GBM patients remains poor. Experimental and pathological findings suggest that mTOR upregulation plays a major role in determining an aggressive phenotype, thus determining relapse and chemoresistance. Among several activities, mTOR-induced autophagy suppression is key in GBM malignancy. In this article, we discuss recent evidence about mTOR signaling and its role in normal brain development and pathological conditions, with a special emphasis on its role in GBM.
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Prevention of Memory Impairment and Neurotrophic Factors Increased by Lithium in Wistar Rats Submitted to Pneumococcal Meningitis Model. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6490652. [PMID: 29200666 PMCID: PMC5671739 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6490652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lithium on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in the hippocampus and on memory in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. The mood-stabilizer lithium is known as a neuroprotective agent with many effects on the brain. In this study, animals received either artificial cerebrospinal fluid or Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension at a concentration of 5 × 109 CFU/mL. Eighteen hours after induction, all animals received ceftriaxone. The animals received saline or lithium (47.5 mg/kg) or tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) as adjuvant treatment, and they were separated into six groups: control/saline, control/lithium, control/tamoxifen, meningitis/saline, meningitis/lithium, and meningitis/tamoxifen. Ten days after meningitis induction, animals were subjected to open-field habituation and the step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks. Immediately after these tasks, the animals were killed and their hippocampus was removed to evaluate the expression of BDNF, NGF, and GDNF. In the meningitis group, treatment with lithium and tamoxifen resulted in improvement in memory. Meningitis group showed decreased expression of BDNF and GDNF in the hippocampus while lithium reestablished the neurotrophin expression. Lithium was able to prevent memory impairment and reestablishes hippocampal neurotrophin expression in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.
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Bai L, Chang HM, Cheng JC, Chu G, Leung PCK, Yang G. Lithium Chloride Increases COX-2 Expression and PGE2 Production in a Human Granulosa-Lutein SVOG Cell Line Via a GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2813-2825. [PMID: 28911173 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) is widely prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorders and is associated with a higher incidence of reproductive adverse effects. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its derivative, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), play regulatory roles in the human ovulatory process. Whether LiCl affects ovulation by regulating COX2 expression and PGE2 production in the human ovary is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LiCl on the expression of COX-2 and production of PGE2 in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells, as well as the mechanisms underlying this effect. Both immortalized and primary hGL cells were used as research models. Using dual inhibition approaches, our results show that LiCl initiates the hGL cellular action by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β [GSK-3β (phosphorylation of GSK-3β)] and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not by affecting protein kinase B or cAMP response element binding protein signaling. Additionally, the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, but not ERK1/2, resulted in the stabilization and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Furthermore, knockdown of either β-catenin or GSK-3β reversed the LiCl-induced upregulation of COX-2 expression. These results indicate that LiCl upregulates the expression of COX-2 and the subsequent production of PGE2 through the canonical GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in hGL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Guiyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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33
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Kamali AR. Scalable fabrication of highly conductive 3D graphene by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in molten NaCl under Ar/H2 atmosphere. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Huehnchen P, Boehmerle W, Springer A, Freyer D, Endres M. A novel preventive therapy for paclitaxel-induced cognitive deficits: preclinical evidence from C57BL/6 mice. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1185. [PMID: 28763058 PMCID: PMC5611721 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced central nervous system (CNS) neurotoxicity presents an unmet medical need. Patients often report a cognitive decline in temporal correlation to chemotherapy, particularly for hippocampus-dependent verbal and visuo-spatial abilities. We treated adult C57Bl/6 mice with 12 × 20 mg kg-1 paclitaxel (PTX), mimicking clinical conditions of dose-dense chemotherapy, followed by a pulse of bromodesoxyuridine (BrdU) to label dividing cells. In this model, mice developed visuo-spatial memory impairments, and we measured peak PTX concentrations in the hippocampus of 230 nm l-1, which was sevenfold higher compared with the neocortex. Histologic analysis revealed a reduced hippocampal cell proliferation. In vitro, we observed severe toxicity in slowly proliferating neural stem cells (NSC) as well as human neuronal progenitor cells after 2 h exposure to low nanomolar concentrations of PTX. In comparison, mature post-mitotic hippocampal neurons and cell lines of malignant cells were less vulnerable. In PTX-treated NSC, we observed an increase of intracellular calcium levels, as well as an increased activity of calpain- and caspase 3/7, suggesting a calcium-dependent mechanism. This cell death pathway could be specifically inhibited with lithium, but not glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors, which protected NSC in vitro. In vivo, preemptive treatment of mice with lithium prevented PTX-induced memory deficits and abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In summary, we identified a molecular pathomechanism, which invokes PTX-induced cytotoxicity in NSC independent of cell cycle status. This pathway could be pharmacologically inhibited with lithium without impairing paclitaxel's tubulin-dependent cytostatic mode of action, enabling a potential translational clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Huehnchen
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - W Boehmerle
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany. E-mail:
| | - A Springer
- Großgerätezentrum BioSupraMol, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Freyer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Endres
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Ketamine induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression via phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5 in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:420-425. [PMID: 28577999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine shows promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of depression. The increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine, but the mechanism of BDNF induction is not well understood. In the current study, we demonstrate that the treatment of rats with ketamine results in the dose-dependent rapid upregulation of Bdnf promoter IV activity and expression of Bdnf exon IV mRNAs in rat hippocampal neurons. Transfection of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) into rat hippocampal neurons similarly induces Bdnf mRNA expression in response to ketamine, whereas transfection of a HDAC5 phosphorylation-defective mutant (Ser259 and Ser498 replaced by Ala259 and Ala498), results in the suppression of ketamine-mediated BDNF promoter IV transcriptional activity. Viral-mediated hippocampal knockdown of HDAC5 induces Bdnf mRNA and protein expression, and blocks the enhancing effects of ketamine on BDNF expression in both unstressed and stressed rats, and thereby providing evidence for the role of HDAC5 in the regulation of Bdnf expression. Taken together, our findings implicate HDAC5 in the ketamine-induced transcriptional regulation of Bdnf, and suggest that the phosphorylation of HDAC5 regulates the therapeutic actions of ketamine.
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Doeppner TR, Kaltwasser B, Sanchez-Mendoza EH, Caglayan AB, Bähr M, Hermann DM. Lithium-induced neuroprotection in stroke involves increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance and decreased protein deubiquitination by GSK3β inhibition-independent pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:914-926. [PMID: 27126323 PMCID: PMC5363471 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16647738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium promotes acute poststroke neuronal survival, which includes mechanisms that are not limited to GSK3β inhibition. However, whether lithium induces long-term neuroprotection and enhanced brain remodeling is unclear. Therefore, mice were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and lithium (1 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/day over up to 7 days) was intraperitoneally administered starting 0-9 h after reperfusion onset. Delivery of lithium no later than 6 h reduced infarct volume on day 2 and decreased brain edema, leukocyte infiltration, and microglial activation, as shown by histochemistry and flow cytometry. Lithium-induced neuroprotection persisted throughout the observation period of 56 days and was associated with enhanced neurological recovery. Poststroke angioneurogenesis and axonal plasticity were also enhanced by lithium. On the molecular level, lithium increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance, and decreased protein deubiquitination in cultivated cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and in brains of mice exposed to cerebral ischemia. Notably, this effect was not mimicked by pharmacological GSK3β inhibition. This study for the first time provides efficacy data for lithium in the postacute ischemic phase, reporting a novel mechanism of action, i.e. increased miR-124 expression facilitating REST degradation by which lithium promotes postischemic neuroplasticity and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- 2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- 3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Piñero G, Berg R, Andersen ND, Setton-Avruj P, Monje PV. Lithium Reversibly Inhibits Schwann Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Without Inducing Myelin Loss. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8287-8307. [PMID: 27917448 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the bioactivity, specificity, and reversibility of lithium's action on the growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation of cultured Schwann cells (SCs). In isolated SCs, lithium promoted a state of cell cycle arrest that featured extensive cell enlargement and c-Jun downregulation in the absence of increased expression of myelin-associated markers. In addition, lithium effectively prevented mitogen-induced S-phase entry without impairing cell viability. When lithium was administered together with differentiating concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogs, a dramatic inhibition of the expression of the master regulator of myelination Krox-20 was observed. Likewise, lithium antagonized the cAMP-dependent expression of various myelin markers such as protein zero, periaxin, and galactocerebroside and allowed SCs to maintain high levels of expression of immature SC markers even in the presence of high levels of cAMP and low levels of c-Jun. Most importantly, the inhibitory action of lithium on SC proliferation and differentiation was shown to be dose dependent, specific, and reversible upon removal of lithium compounds. In SC-neuron cultures, lithium suppressed myelin sheath formation while preserving axonal integrity, SC-axon contact, and basal lamina formation. Lithium was unique in its ability to prevent the onset of myelination without promoting myelin degradation or SC dedifferentiation. To conclude, our results underscored an unexpected antagonistic action of lithium on SC mitogenesis and myelin gene expression. We suggest that lithium represents an attractive pharmacological agent to safely and reversibly suppress the onset of SC proliferation, differentiation, and myelination while maintaining the integrity of pre-existing myelinated fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Piñero
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Randall Berg
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Denise Andersen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Setton-Avruj
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Virginia Monje
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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38
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Neuronal NOS Induces Neuronal Differentiation Through a PKCα-Dependent GSK3β Inactivation Pathway in Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5646-5656. [PMID: 27624386 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from hippocampi of E16.5 rat embryos. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and nNOS expression increased markedly during neuronal differentiation as did the expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT3), neurotrophin-4/5 (NT 4/5), and synapsin I. nNOS siRNA or the nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), decreased expression of the neurotrophins and synapsin I, and suppressed neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that nNOS plays a critical role in neuronal differentiation of hippocampal NPCs. nNOS-mediated neuronal differentiation is controlled by calcineurin since cyclosporin A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor, decreased nNOS activation and NO production, and inhibited neurite outgrowth. We found that inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) resulting from activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is involved in the nNOS-mediated neuronal differentiation. Moreover, lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK3β inhibitor, increased neuronal differentiation by inhibiting the proliferation of NPCs. Taken together, these results suggest that neuronal differentiation is dependent on calcineurin-mediated activation of nNOS; this induces PKCα-dependent inactivation of GSK3β, which leads to inhibition of the proliferation of hippocampal NPCs.
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Choi M, Lee SH, Chang HL, Son H. Hippocampal VEGF is necessary for antidepressant-like behaviors but not sufficient for antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1247-54. [PMID: 27063455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ketamine on both the temporal and spatial profiles of neural precursor cells located in the hippocampus, and on antidepressant-like behaviors in rats. A single dose of ketamine resulted in a significant increase in the number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-positive (BrdU(+)) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of rats at 24h, but not at 28days, after treatment completion. Ketamine caused antidepressant-like behaviors in the forced swim test (FST) and novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT). Viral-mediated hippocampal knockdown of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) produced depressive-like behaviors in the FST and NSFT, which were partially recovered by ketamine to the level observed in the control group. The behavioral effects of VEGF knock down were accompanied by a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis, which was also partially recovered by ketamine. Our results suggest that basal hippocampal VEGF expression is necessary for ketamine-induced antidepressant-like behaviors in rats, but ketamine-induced VEGF expression only partially contributes to hippocampal neurogenesis and the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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Ferensztajn-Rochowiak E, Rybakowski JK. The effect of lithium on hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rajkowska G, Clarke G, Mahajan G, Licht C, van de Werd HM, Yuan P, Stockmeier C, Manji H, Uylings H. Differential effect of lithium on cell number in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in adult mice: a stereological study. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:41-51. [PMID: 26842627 PMCID: PMC4836867 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuroimaging studies have revealed lithium-related increases in the volume of gray matter in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Postmortem human studies have reported alterations in neuronal and glial cell density and size in the PFC of lithium-treated subjects. Rodents treated with lithium exhibit cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. However, it is not known whether hippocampal and PFC volume are also increased in these animals or whether cell number in the PFC is altered. METHODS Using stereological methods, this study estimated the total numbers of neurons and glia, and the packing density of astrocytes in the DG and PFC of normal adult mice treated with lithium, and evaluated the total volume of these regions and the entire neocortex. RESULTS Lithium treatment increased the total numbers of neurons and glia in the DG (by 25% and 21%, respectively) and the density of astrocytes but did not alter total numbers in the PFC. However, the volumes of the hippocampus and its subfields, the PFC and its subareas, and the entire neocortex were not altered by lithium. CONCLUSIONS Both neuronal and glial cells accounted for lithium-induced cell proliferation in the DG. That the numbers of neurons and glia were unchanged in the PFC is consistent with the view that this region is not a neurogenic zone. Further studies are required to clarify the impact of lithium treatment on the PFC under pathological conditions and to investigate the dissociation between increased cell proliferation and unchanged volume in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Rajkowska
- Dept. Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - G. Clarke
- Dept. Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - G. Mahajan
- Dept. Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - C.M.M. Licht
- Dept. Anatomy & Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Dept. Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H.J.J. M. van de Werd
- Dept. Anatomy & Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P. Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C.A. Stockmeier
- Dept. Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - H.K. Manji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Janssen Research and Development LLC of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - H.B.M. Uylings
- Dept. Anatomy & Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Savitz J, Morris HM, Drevets WC. Neuroimaging Studies of Bipolar Depression: Therapeutic Implications. BIPOLAR DEPRESSION: MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY, CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS, AND PHARMACOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31689-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dell'Osso L, Del Grande C, Gesi C, Carmassi C, Musetti L. A new look at an old drug: neuroprotective effects and therapeutic potentials of lithium salts. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1687-703. [PMID: 27468233 PMCID: PMC4946830 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights bipolar disorder as being associated with impaired neurogenesis, cellular plasticity, and resiliency, as well as with cell atrophy or loss in specific brain regions. This has led most recent research to focus on the possible neuroprotective effects of medications, and particularly interesting findings have emerged for lithium. A growing body of evidence from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies has in fact documented its neuroprotective effects from different insults acting on cellular signaling pathways, both preventing apoptosis and increasing neurotrophins and cell-survival molecules. Furthermore, positive effects of lithium on neurogenesis, brain remodeling, angiogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells functioning, and inflammation have been revealed, with a key role played through the inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase-3, a serine/threonine kinase implicated in the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders. These recent evidences suggest the potential utility of lithium in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and hypoxic-ischemic/traumatic brain injury, with positive results at even lower lithium doses than those traditionally considered to be antimanic. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the potential benefits of lithium salts on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, emphasizing preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting new therapeutic potentials of this drug beyond its mood stabilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Grande
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Gesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Musetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Fan M, Jin W, Zhao H, Xiao Y, Jia Y, Yin Y, Jiang X, Xu J, Meng N, Lv P. Lithium chloride administration prevents spatial learning and memory impairment in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice by depressing apoptosis and increasing BDNF expression in hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Oliver JD, Chávez ASO, Felsheim RF, Kurtti TJ, Munderloh UG. An Ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 66:427-442. [PMID: 25894426 PMCID: PMC4449809 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Ixodes scapularis embryo-derived cell line ISE6 is the most widely utilized tick-derived cell line due to its susceptibility to a wide variety of tick- and non-tick-vectored pathogens. Little is known about its tissue origin or biological background. Protein expression of ISE6 cells was compared with that of another I. scapularis-derived cell line, IDE12, and dissected tick synganglia. Results demonstrated the presence of a neuronal marker protein, type 3 β-tubulin, in all three samples, as well as other shared and unique neuronal and immune response-associated proteins. Of neuronal proteins shared between the two cell lines, ISE6 expressed several in significantly greater quantities than IDE12. Stimulation of ISE6 cells by in vivo exposure to the hemocoel environment in unfed larval and molting nymphal ticks, but not unfed nymphal ticks, resulted in the development of neuron-like morphologic characteristics in the implanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Oliver
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA,
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Lithium chloride antileukemic activity in acute promyelocytic leukemia is GSK-3 and MEK/ERK dependent. Leukemia 2015; 29:2277-84. [PMID: 26108692 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified that the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway synergized with retinoic acid (RA) to restore both transcriptional activity and RA-induced differentiation in RA-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. To target the MEK/ERK pathway, we identified glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors including lithium chloride (LiCl) as activators of this pathway in APL cells. Using NB4 (RA-sensitive) and UF-1 (RA-resistant) APL cell lines, we observed that LiCl as well as synthetic GSK-3β inhibitors decreased proliferation, induced apoptosis and restored, in RA-resistant cells, the expression of RA target genes and the RA-induced differentiation. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway abolished these effects. These results were corroborated in primary APL patient cells and translated in vivo using an APL preclinical mouse model in which LiCl given alone was as efficient as RA in increasing survival of leukemic mice compared with untreated mice. When LiCl was combined with RA, we observed a significant survival advantage compared with mice treated by RA alone. In this work, we demonstrate that LiCl, a well-tolerated agent in humans, has antileukemic activity in APL and that it has the potential to restore RA-induced transcriptional activation and differentiation in RA-resistant APL cells in an MEK/ERK-dependent manner.
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Kara N, Narayanan S, Belmaker RH, Einat H, Vaidya VA, Agam G. Chronic Lithium Treatment Enhances the Number of Quiescent Neural Progenitors but Not the Number of DCX-Positive Immature Neurons. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv003. [PMID: 25636892 PMCID: PMC4540105 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term adult neurogenesis constitutes a series of developmental steps including the birth, survival, differentiation, maturation, and even death of newborn progenitor cells within neurogenic niches. Within the hippocampus progenitors reside in the neurogenic niche of the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus subfield. At the different stages, designated type-I, type-IIa, type-IIb, type-III, and granule cell neurons, the cells express a series of markers enabling their identification and visualization. Lithium has been shown to increase hippocampal cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus subfield of adult rodents and to stimulate the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells in vitro, but data regarding lithium's ability to increase neuronal differentiation and survival is equivocal. METHODS To clarify the effect of lithium on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we identified the effect of chronic lithium treatment on distinct stages of hippocampal progenitor development using adult Nestin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and immunofluorescent techniques. RESULTS The present observations confirm that lithium targets the initial stages of progenitor development enhancing the turnover of quiescent neural progenitors/putative stem-cells, corroborating previous reports. However, the enhanced quiescent neural progenitor-turnover does not translate into an increased number of immature neurons. We also observed a steep decline in the number of type-III immature neurons with complex tertiary-dendrites, suggesting that lithium alters the morphological maturation of newborn neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not corroborate previous reports of lithium-induced enhanced numbers of newly generated neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kara
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Ms Kara and Dr Agam), and Psychiatry Research Unit (Ms Kara and Drs Belmaker and Agam), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Agam); Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Einat); Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India (Ms Narayanan and Dr Vaidya); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Einat)
| | - S Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Ms Kara and Dr Agam), and Psychiatry Research Unit (Ms Kara and Drs Belmaker and Agam), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Agam); Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Einat); Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India (Ms Narayanan and Dr Vaidya); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Einat)
| | - R H Belmaker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Ms Kara and Dr Agam), and Psychiatry Research Unit (Ms Kara and Drs Belmaker and Agam), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Agam); Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Einat); Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India (Ms Narayanan and Dr Vaidya); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Einat)
| | - H Einat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Ms Kara and Dr Agam), and Psychiatry Research Unit (Ms Kara and Drs Belmaker and Agam), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Agam); Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Einat); Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India (Ms Narayanan and Dr Vaidya); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Einat)
| | - V A Vaidya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Ms Kara and Dr Agam), and Psychiatry Research Unit (Ms Kara and Drs Belmaker and Agam), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Agam); Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Einat); Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India (Ms Narayanan and Dr Vaidya); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Einat)
| | - G Agam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Ms Kara and Dr Agam), and Psychiatry Research Unit (Ms Kara and Drs Belmaker and Agam), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Agam); Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel (Ms Kara and Dr Einat); Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India (Ms Narayanan and Dr Vaidya); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Einat).
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Liechti FD, Stüdle N, Theurillat R, Grandgirard D, Thormann W, Leib SL. The mood-stabilizer lithium prevents hippocampal apoptosis and improves spatial memory in experimental meningitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113607. [PMID: 25409333 PMCID: PMC4237452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal meningitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Brain damage caused by this disease is characterized by apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, a morphological correlate of learning deficits in experimental paradigms. The mood stabilizer lithium has previously been found to attenuate brain damage in ischemic and inflammatory diseases of the brain. An infant rat model of pneumococcal meningitis was used to investigate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of lithium. To assess an effect on the acute disease, LiCl was administered starting five days prior to intracisternal infection with live Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical parameters were recorded, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sampled, and the animals were sacrificed 42 hours after infection to harvest the brain and serum. Cryosections of the brains were stained for Nissl substance to quantify brain injury. Hippocampal gene expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and BDNF was analyzed. Lithium concentrations were measured in serum and CSF. The effect of chronic lithium treatment on spatial memory function and cell survival in the dentate gyrus was evaluated in a Morris water maze and by quantification of BrdU incorporation after LiCl treatment during 3 weeks following infection. In the hippocampus, LiCl significantly reduced apoptosis and gene expression of Bax and p53 while it increased expression of Bcl-2. IL-10, MCP-1, and TNF were significantly increased in animals treated with LiCl compared to NaCl. Chronic LiCl treatment improved spatial memory in infected animals. The mood stabilizer lithium may thus be a therapeutic alternative to attenuate neurofunctional deficits as a result of pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian D. Liechti
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Stüdle
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regula Theurillat
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L. Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biology Division, Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Zhu Z, Yin J, Guan J, Hu B, Niu X, Jin D, Wang Y, Zhang C. Lithium stimulates human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through GSK-3β-dependent β-catenin/Wnt pathway activation. FEBS J 2014; 281:5371-89. [PMID: 25265417 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Junjie Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Dongxu Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; China
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Overexpression of human GATA-1 and GATA-2 interferes with spine formation and produces depressive behavior in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109253. [PMID: 25340772 PMCID: PMC4207676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional consequences to which vertebrate GATA transcription factors contribute in the adult brain remain largely an open question. The present study examines how human GATA-1 and GATA-2 (hGATA-1 and hGATA-2) are linked to neuronal differentiation and depressive behaviors in rats. We investigated the effects of adeno-associated viral expression of hGATA-1 and hGATA-2 (AAV-hGATA1 and AAV-hGATA2) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the dorsal hippocampus on dendrite branching and spine number. We also examined the influence of AAV-hGATA1 and AAV-hGATA2 infusions into the dorsal hippocampus on rodent behavior in models of depression. Viral expression of hGATA-1 and hGATA-2 cDNA in rat hippocampal neurons impaired dendritic outgrowth and spine formation. Moreover, viral-mediated expression of hGATA-1 and hGATA-2 in the dorsal hippocampus caused depressive-like deficits in the forced swim test and learned helplessness models of depression, and decreased the expression of several synapse-related genes as well as spine number in hippocampal neurons. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of GATA-2 increased synapse-related gene expression, spine number, and dendrite branching. The results demonstrate that hGATA-1 and hGATA-2 expression in hippocampus is sufficient to cause depressive like behaviors that are associated with reduction in spine synapse density and expression of synapse-related genes.
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