1
|
Sim JH, Bell R, Feng Z, Chyou S, Shipman WD, Kataru RP, Ivashkiv L, Mehrara B, Lu TT. Langerhans cells regulate immunity in adulthood by regulating postnatal dermal lymphatic development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603312. [PMID: 39071369 PMCID: PMC11275746 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The communication between skin and draining lymph nodes is crucial for well-regulated immune responses to skin insults. The skin sends antigen and other signals via lymphatic vessels to regulate lymph node activity, and regulating dermal lymphatic function is another means to control immunity. Here, we show that Langerhans cells (LCs), epidermis-derived antigen-presenting cells, mediate dermal lymphatic expansion and phenotype acquisition postnatally, a function is independent of LC entry into lymphatic vessels. This postnatal LC-lymphatic axis serves in part to control inflammatory systemic T cell responses in adulthood. Our data provide a tissue-based mechanism by which LCs regulate T cells remotely across time and space and raise the possibility that immune diseases in adulthood could reflect compromise of the LC-lymphatic axis in childhood.
Collapse
|
2
|
Aksoy H, Aslan Kayıran M, Dede Y, Altıntaş Kakşi S, Erdemir VA. The effect of phototherapy on Demodex density: a case-control study. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:201-206. [PMID: 38234255 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Demodex mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, are microorganisms that reside in the pilosebaceous units, usually without causing symptoms. Phototherapy has been linked to demodicosis in previous studies. We aimed to determine whether there was an increase in the frequency of demodicosis and Demodex density after 20 phototherapy sessions. METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 32 participants who received narrowband ultraviolet B or ultraviolet A-1 therapy for various dermatological indications. Standardized skin surface biopsies were performed before and after phototherapy to assess Demodex density. The presence of Demodex-related skin conditions was assessed before phototherapy. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the Demodex densities and prevalence of demodicosis between the baseline and 20th session of phototherapy. RESULTS No significant change was observed in Demodex density after 20 sessions of phototherapy. The average Demodex density before treatment was 2.75 ± 4.48 (/cm2 ), and after treatment, it was 2.85 ± 4.81 (/cm2 ), indicating no significant difference (P = 0.879). The percentage of patients with demodicosis in at least one region of the face was 28.1% (9/32) before treatment, and after treatment, it was 31.3% (10/32), with no significant difference (P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Our findings contradict previous studies that suggested an increased Demodex density and demodicosis prevalence after phototherapy. The data from previous studies are open to debate due to their selected samples, designs, and interpretations regarding the phototherapy-immunosuppression-Demodex relationship. Larger-scale longitudinal studies conducted on a homogeneous sample are warranted to better understand the relationship between phototherapy and demodicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aksoy
- Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Aslan Kayıran
- Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Dede
- Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Altıntaş Kakşi
- Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Vefa A Erdemir
- Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El Hanbuli HM, Abou Sari MA, Dawoud NM. Basal Cell Carcinoma in Xeroderma Pigmentosa: Reduced CD1a Expression as a Sensitive Predictor of Recurrence. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:245-254. [PMID: 36867735 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosa (XP) is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by defective DNA repair after ultraviolet induced damage with a great tendency for recurrent cutaneous malignancies including basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC is frequently linked to impaired local immune response with a major role played by Langerhans cells (LCs). The current study aims at investigating LCs in BCC specimens of XP and non-XP patients, in a trial to study its possible impact on tumor recurrence. It included 48 retrospective cases of primary facial BCC (18 for XP patients and 30 for non-XP controls). Each group was subdivided, based on the 5 years follow-up data, into recurrent and non-recurrent BCC groups. LCs were assessed immunohistochemically using the sensitive marker; CD1a. Results showed significantly reduced LCs count (intratumoral, peritumoral, and in perilesional epidermis) in XP patients compared with non-XP controls ( P ˂0.001 for all). Intratumoral ( P =0.008), peritumoral ( P =0.005), and perilesional epidermal ( P =0.02) LCs mean values were significantly lower in recurrent versus non-recurrent BCC specimens. Also, within each group (XP and controls), LCs were of significantly lower means in recurrent versus non-recurrent cases ( P ≤0.001 for all). Regarding recurrent BCC cases, peritumoral LCs showed a significant positive correlation with 1ry BCC duration ( P =0.05). Also, intratumoral and peritumoral LCs correlated positively with BCC relapse interval ( P =0.04 for both). Among non-XP controls, periocular tumors had the least LCs count (22.00±3.56), whereas tumors located in the rest of the face had the greatest count (29.00±0.00) ( P =0.02). Sensitivity and specificity of LCs to predict BCC recurrence in XP patients reached 100% in intartumoral area and perilesional epidermis when cutoff points were less than 9.5 and 20.5, respectively. In conclusion; reduced LC count in primary BCC specimens of XP patients and also in normal subjects could help to predict its recurrence. Thus, it might be identified as a risk factor for relapse to apply new strict therapeutic and preventive measures. This presents new avenue for the immunosurveillance against skin cancer relapse. However, being the first study to investigate that link in XP patients recommends further research to confirm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala M El Hanbuli
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Al Fayoum
| | | | - Noha M Dawoud
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebine Elkom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maghfour J, Mohney L, Lim HW, Mohammad TF. Demographics and clinical presentations of 844 patients with light and dark skin types with polymorphous light eruption and chronic actinic dermatitis evaluated over 23 years. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:93-99. [PMID: 36655819 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) and chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) have been classically described in White individuals, although recent studies have reported higher prevalence in patients with dark skin types, particularly African Americans. OBJECTIVE To evaluate for differences in demographic, and clinical features between persons with light and dark skin types who have PMLE and CAD. METHODS Retrospective review of patients with PMLE and CAD who were diagnosed from January 1, 1998, through November 31, 2021, at a single academic dermatology center. RESULTS/DISCUSSION A total of 844 patients (725 [85.9%] female; mean [SD] age of onset: 41.7 [16.9] years) were diagnosed with PMLE, and 60 patients (22 [36.6%] female; mean age, [SD]: 60.6 [10.6] years) of age at presentation, disease duration of 8.2 [7.3] years were diagnosed with CAD. Although just over 50% of the general clinic population was White, the prevalence of PMLE and CAD was significantly higher in dark-skinned individuals compared to light-skinned individuals (PMLE: 625 [74.0%] vs. 219 [25.9%], p value < .001; CAD: 43 [71.6%] vs. 17 [28.3%], p value = .003) respectively. The pinpoint papular variant of PMLE (PP-PMLE) was predominantly seen in dark-skinned individuals. CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of PMLE and CAD cases are present in dark-skinned individuals. PP-PMLE can be mistaken for lichen nitidus. As such, recognition of this entity is important for adequate evaluation and management of patients with PMLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Maghfour
- Division of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lindsey Mohney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Division of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tasneem F Mohammad
- Division of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gruber-Wackernagel A, Schug T, Graier T, Legat FJ, Rinner H, Hofer A, Quehenberger F, Wolf P. Long-Term Course of Polymorphic Light Eruption: A Registry Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:694281. [PMID: 34336899 PMCID: PMC8323194 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.694281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the long-term course of polymorphic light eruption (PLE). Objective: To predict disease course, a questionnaire was sent to patients whose PLE had been diagnosed between March 1990 and December 2018 and documented in the Austrian Cooperative Registry for Photodermatoses. Methods: In January 2019, 205 PLE patients were contacted by mail and asked to complete a questionnaire on their disease course, including whether the skin's sun sensitivity had normalized (i.e., PLE symptoms had disappeared), improved, stayed the same, or worsened over time. Patients who reported normalization of sun sensitivity were asked to report when it had occurred. Results: Ninety-seven patients (79 females, 18 males) returned a completed questionnaire. The mean (range) duration of follow-up from PLE onset was 29.6 (17–54) years for females and 29.4 (16–47) years for males. The disease disappeared in 32 (41%) females after 17.4 (2–41) years and in 4 (24%) males after 11.8 (5–26) years. Twenty-nine (37%) females and 6 (35%) males reported improvement of symptoms over time; 15 females (19%) and 7 males (41%) reported no change; and 3 females (4%) and no males reported worsening of symptoms. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that after 20 years 74% (95%CI, 64–82%) of patients still suffered from PLE. PLE lesion persistence (>1 week) tended to predict a prolonged course of PLE. Conclusions: PLE usually takes a long-term course over many years though in most patients its symptoms improve or disappear over time. How improvement relates to the pathophysiology of the disease remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Schug
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Graier
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz J Legat
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna Rinner
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angelika Hofer
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Quehenberger
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vieyra-Garcia PA, Wolf P. A deep dive into UV-based phototherapy: Mechanisms of action and emerging molecular targets in inflammation and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107784. [PMID: 33316286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-based phototherapy (including psoralen plus UVA (PUVA), UVB and UVA1) has a long, successful history in the management of numerous cutaneous disorders. Photoresponsive diseases are etiologically diverse, but most involve disturbances in local (and occasionally systemic) inflammatory cells and/or abnormalities in keratinocytes that trigger inflammation. UV-based phototherapy works by regulating the inflammatory component and inducing apoptosis of pathogenic cells. This results in a fascinating and complex network of simultaneous events-immediate transcriptional changes in keratinocytes, immune cells, and pigment cells; the emergence of apoptotic bodies; and the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells in skin-that quickly transform the microenvironment of UV-exposed skin. Molecular elements in this system of UV recognition and response include chromophores, metabolic byproducts, innate immune receptors, neurotransmitters and mediators such as chemokines and cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like molecules that simultaneously shape the immunomodulatory effects of UV and their interplay with the microbiota of the skin and beyond. Phototherapy's key effects-proapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antipruritic, antifibrotic, propigmentary, and pro-prebiotic-promote clinical improvement in various skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), vitiligo, scleroderma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as well as prevention of polymorphic light eruption (PLE). As understanding of phototherapy improves, new therapies (UV- and non-UV-based) are being developed that will modify regulatory T-cells (Treg), interact with (resident) memory T-cells and /or utilize agonists and antagonists as well as antibodies targeting soluble molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors, and a variety of membrane-associated receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rakita A, Nikolić N, Mildner M, Matiasek J, Elbe-Bürger A. Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1. [PMID: 31913322 PMCID: PMC6959339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5204] [Impact Index Per Article: 1301.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardized ex vivo wound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+ keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rakita
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nenad Nikolić
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Matiasek
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hasegawa T, Feng Z, Yan Z, Ngo KH, Hosoi J, Demehri S. Reduction in Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells with Age Is Associated with Decline in CXCL14-Mediated Recruitment of CD14 + Monocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:1327-1334. [PMID: 31881212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides the first line of physical and immunological defense against environmental insults. However, the age-related changes in the immune function of human skin are unclear. Here, we investigated the age-related changes in epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), which play a sentinel role in the initiation of the immune responses in the skin. We found a significant reduction in the number of epidermal LCs in sun-protected skin with age. Among the possible explanations for this reduction, the number of CD14+ CD207+ CCR6+ dermal-resident monocytes that can differentiate into epidermal LCs was markedly reduced with age (P = 0.0057). Among the chemokines that can recruit these cells into the skin, the expression of CXCL14 was significantly down-regulated in epidermal keratinocytes with age. In addition, we discovered that young skin recruited a significantly higher number of monocytic THP-1 cells compared with old skin ex vivo. This recruitment was blocked by CXCL14 neutralizing antibody and conversely promoted by CXCL14 treatment. Collectively, our findings indicate that decreased CXCL14-mediated recruitment of CD14+ monocytes in human skin results in the reduction of epidermal LCs with age, and CXCL14 may provide a therapeutic target for the prevention of age-related reduction in LCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hasegawa
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Feng
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhiyu Yan
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth H Ngo
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JY, Kang BM, Lee JS, Park HJ, Wi HJ, Yoon JS, Ahn C, Shin S, Kim KH, Jung KC, Kwon O. UVB-induced depletion of donor-derived dendritic cells prevents allograft rejection of immune-privileged hair follicles in humanized mice. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1344-1355. [PMID: 30500995 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key targets for immunity and tolerance induction; they present donor antigens to recipient T cells by donor- and recipient-derived pathways. Donor-derived DCs, which are critical during the acute posttransplant period, can be depleted in graft tissue by forced migration via ultraviolet B light (UVB) irradiation. Here, we investigated the tolerogenic potential of donor-derived DC depletion through in vivo and ex vivo UVB preirradiation (UV) combined with the injection of anti-CD154 antibody (Ab) into recipients in an MHC-mismatched hair follicle (HF) allograft model in humanized mice. Surprisingly, human HF allografts achieved long-term survival with newly growing pigmented hair shafts in both Ab-treated groups (Ab-only and UV plus Ab) and in the UV-only group, whereas the control mice rejected all HF allografts with no hair regrowth. Perifollicular human CD3+ T cell and MHC class II+ cell infiltration was significantly diminished in the presence of UV and/or Ab treatment. HF allografts in the UV-only group showed stable maintenance of the immune privilege in the HF epithelium without evidence of antigen-specific T cell tolerance, which is likely promoted by normal HFs in vivo. This immunomodulatory strategy targeting the donor tissue exhibited novel biological relevance for clinical allogeneic transplantation without generalized immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Su Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hi-Jung Park
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Joo Wi
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Yoon
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu J, Feng Y, Song G, Gong Q, Yin L, Hu Y, Luo D, Yin Z. Tacrolimus Reverses UVB Irradiation-Induced Epidermal Langerhans Cell Reduction by Inhibiting TNF-α Secretion in Keratinocytes via Regulation of NF-κB/p65. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29520229 PMCID: PMC5827091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Topical calcineurin inhibitors including tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are used in the treatment of many inflammatory skin diseases mainly via blocking T-cell proliferation. Our previous studies found that pimecrolimus 1% cream could reverse high-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) reduction via inhibition of LC migration. We conducted this study to investigate the effects of topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment on high-dose UVB-irradiated human epidermal LCs. Methods: Twenty fresh human foreskin tissues were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Control, Tacrolimus (0.03%), UVB (180 mJ/cm2), and UVB (180 mJ/cm2) + Tacrolimus (0.03%). Four time points were set as follows: 0, 18, 24, and 48 h. We collected culture medium and tissues at each time point. The percentage of CD1a+ cells in the medium was detected by means of flow cytometry. Each tissue was prepared for immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blot. HaCaT cells were cultured and divided into four groups: Control, Tacrolimus (1 μg/ml), UVB (30 mJ/cm2), and UVB (30 mJ/cm2) + Tacrolimus (1 μg/ml). The cells were incubated for 24 h and prepared for real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Results: Topical tacrolimus significantly reversed high-dose UVB irradiation-induced epidermal LC reduction and CD1a+ cell increment in culture medium. Tacrolimus significantly inhibited UVB irradiation-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 mRNA and protein expression in HaCaT cells. Tacrolimus also significantly inhibited high-dose UVB irradiation-induced TNF-α expression in cultured tissues. Finally, TNF-α antagonist (recombinant human TNF-α receptor II: IgG Fc fusion protein) could significantly reverse UVB irradiation-induced epidermal LC reduction. Conclusion: Topical tacrolimus 0.03% could reverse UVB irradiation-induced epidermal LC reduction by inhibiting TNF-α secretion in keratinocytes via regulation of NF-κB/p65.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiaLi Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YaDong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - GuoXin Song
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - QiXing Gong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - YingYing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhiQiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim KM, Lee JY, Im AR, Chae S. Phycocyanin Protects Against UVB-induced Apoptosis Through the PKC α/βII-Nrf-2/HO-1 Dependent Pathway in Human Primary Skin Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020478. [PMID: 29470442 PMCID: PMC6017183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin (Pc) is one of the active pigment constituents of Spirulina microalgae. It has been used for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of Pc against ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced primary skin cells damage are still undefined. In the present study, we investigated whether Pc prevented UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). Pc induced the transcription of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, Pc treatments resulted in a marked increase in nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (NF-E2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) nuclear translocation. Also, Pc protected UVB induced apoptosis and reduced the p53 and Bax levels, as well as caspase-3 activation. Pc treatment showed a significantly enhanced effect on the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) α/β II, but not that of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or Akt. Induction of HO-1 induced by Pc was suppressed by Go6976, a selective inhibitor of PKC α/β II. In addition, knockdown of HO-1 by small interfering (siRNA) caused a significant increase in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage and caspase-3 activation after Pc pretreatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pc-induced expression of HO-1 is mediated by the PKC α/β II-Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, and inhibits UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in primary skin cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Joo Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - A-Rang Im
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamazaki S, Odanaka M, Nishioka A, Kasuya S, Shime H, Hemmi H, Imai M, Riethmacher D, Kaisho T, Ohkura N, Sakaguchi S, Morita A. Ultraviolet B-Induced Maturation of CD11b-Type Langerin - Dendritic Cells Controls the Expansion of Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells in the Skin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:119-129. [PMID: 29158419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin dendritic cells (DCs) are divided into several subsets with distinctive functions. This study shows a previously unappreciated role of dermal CD11b-type Langerin- DCs in maintaining immunological self-tolerance after UVB exposure. After UVB exposure, dermal CD11b-type Langerin- DCs upregulated surface CD86 expression, induced proliferation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells without exogenous Ags, and upregulated a set of genes associated with immunological tolerance. This Treg-expansion activity was significantly hampered by CD80/CD86 blockade in vivo. These results indicate that CD11b-type Langerin- DCs from the UVB-exposed skin are specialized to expand Treg cells in the skin, which suppress autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Yamazaki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan;
| | - Mizuyu Odanaka
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishioka
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Saori Kasuya
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hemmi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.,School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and.,Department of Frontier Research in Tumor Immunology, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lei D, Wu W, Yang L, Li Y, Feng J, Lyu L, He L. Insight into immunocytes infiltrations in polymorphous light eruption. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:751-757. [PMID: 28729211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) which is one of the most common photodermatoses has been demonstrated to be immune-mediated disorder. Resistance to UV-induced immunosuppression resulting from differential immune cells infiltration and cytokines secretion has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of PLE. In this study, we reviewed differential patterns of immune cells infiltrations and cytokines secretion that may contribute to PLE occurrence and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Lei
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pilkington SM, Gibbs NK, Costello P, Bennett SP, Massey KA, Friedmann PS, Nicolaou A, Rhodes LE. Effect of oral eicosapentaenoic acid on epidermal Langerhans cell numbers and PGD2production in UVR-exposed human skin: a randomised controlled study. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:962-968. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Pilkington
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Neil K. Gibbs
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Patrick Costello
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Susan P. Bennett
- Centre for Dermatology; Salford Royal Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Karen A. Massey
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - Anna Nicolaou
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Lesley E. Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Centre for Dermatology; Salford Royal Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Bugatti M, Ulland TK, Vermi W, Gilfillan S, Colonna M. Nonredundant roles of keratinocyte-derived IL-34 and neutrophil-derived CSF1 in Langerhans cell renewal in the steady state and during inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:552-9. [PMID: 26634935 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IL-34 and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) are two alternative ligands for the CSF1 receptor that play nonredundant roles in the development, survival, and function of tissue macrophages and Langerhans cells (LCs). In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal production of IL-34 and its impact on skin LCs in the developing embryo and adult mice in the steady state and during inflammation using Il34(LacZ) reporter mice and newly generated inducible Il34-knockout mice. We found that IL-34 is produced in the developing skin epidermis of the embryo, where it promotes the final differentiation of LC precursors. In adult life, LCs required IL-34 to continually self-renew in the steady state. However, during UV-induced skin damage, LC regeneration depended on neutrophils infiltrating the skin, which produced large amounts of CSF1. We conclude that LCs require IL-34 when residing in fully differentiated and anatomically intact skin epidermis, but rely on neutrophil-derived CSF1 during inflammation. Our demonstration that neutrophils are an important source of CSF1 during skin inflammation may exemplify a mechanism through which neutrophils promote their subsequent replacement with mononuclear phagocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Wang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wolf P, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Bambach I, Schmidbauer U, Mayer G, Absenger M, Fröhlich E, Byrne SN. Photohardening of polymorphic light eruption patients decreases baseline epidermal Langerhans cell density while increasing mast cell numbers in the papillary dermis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:428-30. [PMID: 24758562 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of polymorphic light eruption (PLE) has been linked to a lack of UV-induced immune suppression. To determine the role of Langerhans cells (LC), mast cells and regulatory T cells, biopsies from PLE patients were taken from exposed sites in spring before and after photohardening with 311 nm or PUVA as well as again in summer. Skin sections were assessed for the presence of Langerin/CD1a+ LC and CD3+, CD4+, CD25+ or FoxP3+ T cells and mast cells. Photohardening transiently decreased the density of epidermal LC and significantly increased a low baseline mast cell density in the papillary dermis of PLE patients. Baseline T cell numbers in the skin were low, and there was no difference in PLE patients among any time point. This suggests that LC suppression together with recruitment of mast cells into photohardened skin may be a key cellular event underlying the mechanism by which phototherapy protects from PLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
UV Radiation Induces the Epidermal Recruitment of Dendritic Cells that Compensate for the Depletion of Langerhans Cells in Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2058-2067. [PMID: 25806853 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UVR causes skin injury and inflammation, resulting in impaired immune function and increased skin cancer risk. Langerhans cells (LCs), the immune sentinels of the epidermis, are depleted for several days following a single UVR exposure and can be reconstituted from circulating monocytes. However, the differentiation pathways leading to the recovery of a normal pool of LCs is still unclear. To study the dynamic changes in human skin with UV injury, we exposed a cohort of 29 healthy human volunteers to a clinically relevant dose of UVR and analyzed sequential epidermal biopsies for changes in leukocyte and dendritic cell (DC) subsets. UV-induced depletion of CD1a(high) LC was compensated by sequential appearance of various epidermal leukocytes. CD14(+) monocytes were recruited as early as D1 post exposure, followed by recruitment of two inflammatory DC subsets that may represent precursors of LCs. These CD1a(low) CD207(-) and the heretofore unknown CD1a(low) CD207(+) DCs appeared at day 1 and day 4 post UVR, respectively, and were endowed with T-cell-activating properties similar to those of LCs. We conclude that recruitment of monocytes and inflammatory DCs appear as a physiological response of the epidermis in order to repair UVR-induced LC depletion associated with immune suppression.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gruber-Wackernagel A, Byrne SN, Wolf P. Polymorphous light eruption: clinic aspects and pathogenesis. Dermatol Clin 2015; 32:315-34, viii. [PMID: 24891054 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphous light eruption is an immunologically mediated photodermatosis with high prevalence, particularly among young women in temperate climates, characterized by pruritic skin lesions of variable morphology, occurring in spring or early summer on sun-exposed body sites. A resistance to ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced immunosuppression and a subsequent delayed-type hypersensitivity response to a photoantigen have been suggested as key factors in the disease. Molecular and immunologic disturbances associated with disease pathogenesis include a failure of skin infiltration by neutrophils and other regulatory immune cells on UVR exposure linked to a disturbed cytokine microenvironment. Standard management is based on prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gruber-Wackernagel
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, 676, Blackburn Building D06, Darlington, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin Z, Xu J, Zhou B, Wu D, Xu Y, Zhang J, Luo D. Topical pimecrolimus inhibits high-dose UVB irradiation-induced epidermal Langerhans cell migration, via regulation of TNF-α and E-cadherin. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1817-25. [PMID: 25336924 PMCID: PMC4199986 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s70790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Topical pimecrolimus has been shown to reverse epidermal CD1a+ Langerhans cell reduction induced by high-dose ultraviolet (UV)B irradiation, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of the effect of pimecrolimus on high-dose UVB-irradiated epidermal Langerhans cells. Methods Forty human foreskin tissues were divided into four groups: control; pimecrolimus-only; UVB-only; and UVB + pimecrolimus. All tissues were cultured, and each tissue was cut into four pieces, corresponding to four time points (0 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours). We collected the tissues and culture medium at each time point. The percentage of CD1a+ cells in medium was detected by flow cytometry. The tissues were detected for messenger (m)RNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and E-cadherin, by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Results At 18 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, the CD1a+ cells in the culture medium of the UVB-only group and the UVB + pimecrolimus group were significantly more than in the control group, while the CD1a+ cells of the UVB + pimecrolimus group was less than of the UVB-only group. For both the UVB-only group and UVB + pimecrolimus group, TNF-α expression (by both reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot) of the tissues was clearly higher and E-cadherin expression was significantly lower compared with the control group, at 18 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. For the UVB + pimecrolimus group, TNF-α was clearly lower and E-cadherin was significantly higher compared with the UVB-only group. Conclusion Topical pimecrolimus inhibited epidermal Langerhans cell migration induced by high-dose UVB irradiation, via regulation of TNF-α and E-cadherin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZhiQiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaLi Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - BingRong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaAn Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lian CG, Bueno EM, Granter SR, Laga AC, Saavedra AP, Lin WM, Susa JS, Zhan Q, Chandraker AK, Tullius SG, Pomahac B, Murphy GF. Biomarker evaluation of face transplant rejection: association of donor T cells with target cell injury. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:788-99. [PMID: 24434898 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This series of 113 sequential biopsies of full facial transplants provides findings of potential translational significance as well as biological insights that could prompt reexamination of conventional paradigms of effector pathways in skin allograft rejection. Serial biopsies before, during, and after rejection episodes were evaluated for clinicopathological assessment that in selected cases included specific biomarkers for donor-versus-recipient T cells. Histologic evidence of rejection included lymphocyte-associated injury to epidermal rete ridges, follicular infundibula, and dermal microvessels. Surprisingly, during active rejection, immune cells spatially associated with target cell injury consisted abundantly or predominantly of lymphocytes of donor origin with an immunophenotype typical of the resident memory T-cell subset. Current dogma assumes that skin allograft rejection is mediated by recipient T cells that attack epidermal targets, and the association of donor T cells with sites of target cell injury raises questions regarding the potential complexity of immune cell interactions in the rejection process. A more histopathologically refined and immune-based biomarker approach to assessment of rejection of facial transplants is now indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Guo Lian
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ericka M Bueno
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Granter
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro C Laga
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arturo P Saavedra
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William M Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph S Susa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qian Zhan
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil K Chandraker
- Division of Renal Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cole C, Appa Y, Ou-Yang H. A broad spectrum high-SPF photostable sunscreen with a high UVA-PF can protect against cellular damage at high UV exposure doses. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 30:212-9. [PMID: 24806442 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in sunscreen technologies have yielded broad spectrum sunscreens at high-sun protection factor (SPF) and ultraviolet A protection factor (UVA-PF) levels that are photostable and powerful in protecting skin from erythema. Questions arise whether these sunscreens protect proportionally against cellular skin damage caused by high ultraviolet exposures. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate if high-SPF sunscreen can protect skin at a cellular level under UV exposure doses [>50 minimal erythema dose (MED)] similarly to the SPF value. METHODS Sunburn cells, Langerhans cells, thymine dimers, protein 53 (p53), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 endpoints were evaluated in biopsies from 12 subjects following four treatments: unprotected exposed to 0, 1 and 3 MED and sunscreen (SPF 55) protected exposed to 55 MED of UV radiation. RESULTS All the markers showed significantly more damage for the 3 MED-untreated sites when compared with non-irradiated control, and majority of the markers showed marked damage following unprotected 1 MED exposure. After 55 MEDs, sunscreen-protected sites showed significantly less p53 and MMP-9 (keratinocyte) staining than the 1 MED-exposed unprotected sites, while all the other biomarkers in sunscreen protected sites showed no statistical differences from 1 MED-exposed unprotected sites. CONCLUSIONS A high-SPF photostable sunscreen with high UVA-PF can provide proportionately high protection against multiple cellular damage markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Cole
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
UV phototherapy has a long history of use for the treatment of select diseases in dermatology. Its use has evolved into more effective and targeted modalities, including psoralen + UV-A photochemotherapy, narrowband UV-B, excimer laser, and UV-A1 phototherapy. With its proven record of efficacy and safety, UV phototherapy is an excellent option in the treatment of an ever-growing number of skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam B Totonchy
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melvin W Chiu
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 52-121 Center for the Health Sciences, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ravindran A, Mohammed J, Gunderson AJ, Cui X, Glick AB. Tumor-promoting role of TGFβ1 signaling in ultraviolet B-induced skin carcinogenesis is associated with cutaneous inflammation and lymph node migration of dermal dendritic cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:959-66. [PMID: 24363069 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a pleiotropic cytokine in the skin that can function both as a tumor promoter and suppressor in chemically induced skin carcinogenesis, but the function in ultraviolet B (UVB) carcinogenesis is not well understood. Treatment of SKH1 hairless mice with the activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitor SB431542 to block UVB-induced activation of cutaneous TGFβ1 signaling suppressed skin tumor formation but did not alter tumor size or tumor cell proliferation. Tumors that arose in SB-treated mice after 30 weeks had significantly reduced percentage of IFNγ(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with control mice. SB431542 blocked acute and chronic UVB-induced skin inflammation and T-cell activation in the skin-draining lymph node (SDLN) and skin but did not alter UVB-induced epidermal proliferation. We tested the effect of SB431542 on migration of skin dendritic cell (DC) populations because DCs are critical mediators of T-cell activation and cutaneous inflammation. SB431542 blocked (i) UVB-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in dermal DC (dDC) and (ii) SDLN and ear explant migration of CD103(+) CD207(+) and CD207(-) skin DC subsets but did not affect basal or UV-induced migration of Langerhans cells. Mice expressing a dominant-negative TGFβ type II receptor in CD11c(+) cells had reduced basal and UVB-induced SDLN migration of CD103(+) CD207(+) and CD207(-) DC subsets and a reduced percentage of CD86(high) dDC following UVB irradiation. Together, these suggest that TGFβ1 signaling has a tumor-promoting role in UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis and this is mediated in part through its role in UVB-induced migration of dDC and cutaneous inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mortensen LJ, Jatana S, Gelein R, De Benedetto A, De Mesy Bentley KL, Beck L, Elder A, DeLouise LA. Quantification of quantum dot murine skin penetration with UVR barrier impairment. Nanotoxicology 2013; 7:1386-98. [PMID: 23078247 PMCID: PMC3816392 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.741726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) skin exposure is a common exogenous insult that can alter skin barrier and immune functions. With the growing presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer goods and technological applications the potential for NPs to contact UVR-exposed skin is increasing. Therefore it is important to understand the effect of UVR on NP skin penetration and the potential for systemic translocation. Previous studies qualitatively showed that UVR skin exposure can increase the penetration of NPs below the stratum corneum. In this work, an in vivo mouse model was used to quantitatively examine the skin penetration of carboxylated (CdSe/ZnS, core/shell) quantum dots (QDs) through intact and UVR barrier-disrupted murine skin by organ Cd mass analysis. Transepidermal water loss was used to measure the magnitude of the skin barrier defect as a function of UVR dose and time post-UVR exposure. QDs were applied to mice 3-4 days post-UVR exposure at the peak of the skin barrier disruption. Our results reveal unexpected trends that suggest these negative-charged QDs can penetrate barrier intact skin and that penetration and systemic transport depends on the QD application time post-UVR exposure. The effect of UVR on skin-resident dendritic cells and their role in the systemic translocation of these QDs are described. Our results suggest that NP skin penetration and translocation may depend on the specific barrier insult and the inflammatory status of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samreen Jatana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Robert Gelein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | | | - Lisa Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, 14642
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ohtsuki A, Hasegawa T, Komiyama E, Takagi A, Kawasaki J, Ikeda S. 308-nm Excimer Lamp for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: Clinical Trial on 16 Cases. Indian J Dermatol 2013; 58:326. [PMID: 23919022 PMCID: PMC3726899 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is considered as a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder. The 308-nm excimer laser is thought to be capable of inducing T-cell apoptosis in vitro, suggesting that the 308-nm excimer lamp (not laser) might be effective for the treatment of AA. We examined the effectiveness of the 308-nm excimer lamp for treating AA. Materials and Methods: We treated 16 patients with single AA and multiple AA (MAA). The lesions were irradiated with a 308-nm excimer lamp at 2-week intervals. Results: Hair regrowth was observed in 14 patients. Among them, 10 patients showed more than 50% hair re-growth. Our results suggested that the 308-nm excimer lamp system is effective and safe for the treatment of single AA and MAA. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the 308-nm excimer lamp is a good therapeutic alternative without serious side effect for treating AA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phototherapy is one of the most efficacious treatment options for psoriasis. New, emerging studies are beginning to define the biologic mechanisms by which phototherapy improves psoriasis. METHODS To provide an overview of the mechanisms thought to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of phototherapy, a review was performed on all relevant published studies in the Medline database from January 1, 1985, to August 15, 2011. FINDINGS Four categories of action were proposed in the literature to describe the effects of phototherapy in psoriasis: (1) alteration of the cytokine profile, (2) induction of apoptosis, (3) promotion of immunosuppression, and (4) all other mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Phototherapy acts through a combination of pathways to confer therapeutic benefits in psoriasis, and these different modalities may help explain its particular usefulness in treating this cutaneous disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tami Wong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee CH, Wu SB, Hong CH, Yu HS, Wei YH. Molecular Mechanisms of UV-Induced Apoptosis and Its Effects on Skin Residential Cells: The Implication in UV-Based Phototherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6414-35. [PMID: 23519108 PMCID: PMC3634415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin is an integral system that acts as a physical and immunological barrier to outside pathogens, toxicants, and harmful irradiations. Environmental ultraviolet rays (UV) from the sun might potentially play a more active role in regulating several important biological responses in the context of global warming. UV rays first encounter the uppermost epidermal keratinocytes causing apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes include direct DNA damage (intrinsic), clustering of death receptors on the cell surface (extrinsic), and generation of ROS. When apoptotic keratinocytes are processed by adjacent immature Langerhans cells (LCs), the inappropriately activated Langerhans cells could result in immunosuppression. Furthermore, UV can deplete LCs in the epidermis and impair their migratory capacity, leading to their accumulation in the dermis. Intriguingly, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) activation of LCs by UV can induce the pro-survival and anti-apoptotic signals due to the upregulation of Bcl-xL, leading to the generation of regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, a physiological dosage of UV can also enhance melanocyte survival and melanogenesis. Analogous to its effect in keratinocytes, a therapeutic dosage of UV can induce cell cycle arrest, activate antioxidant and DNA repair enzymes, and induce apoptosis through translocation of the Bcl-2 family proteins in melanocytes to ensure genomic integrity and survival of melanocytes. Furthermore, UV can elicit the synthesis of vitamin D, an important molecule in calcium homeostasis of various types of skin cells contributing to DNA repair and immunomodulation. Taken together, the above-mentioned effects of UV on apoptosis and its related biological effects such as proliferation inhibition, melanin synthesis, and immunomodulations on skin residential cells have provided an integrated biochemical and molecular biological basis for phototherapy that has been widely used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7118; Fax: +886-2-2826-4843
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nicolaou A. Eicosanoids in skin inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:131-8. [PMID: 22521864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids play an integral part in homeostatic mechanisms related to skin health and structural integrity. They also mediate inflammatory events developed in response to environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and inflammatory and allergic disorders, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. This review article discusses biochemical aspects related to cutaneous eicosanoid metabolism, the contribution of these potent autacoids to skin inflammation and related conditions, and considers the importance of nutritional supplementation with bioactives such as omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and plant-derived antioxidants as means of addressing skin health issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yin Z, Xu J, Zhang Z, Luo D. Effects of topical pimecrolimus 1% on high-dose ultraviolet B-irradiated epidermal Langerhans cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:635-40. [PMID: 23079131 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Some studies reported no changes in the number of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) that were observed in mice treated with pimecrolimus, and low-dose stimulated solar radiation (once)-induced changers in LC are minimally affected by pimecrolimus. This study is to investigate the effects of topical pimecrolimus 1% on high-dose ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated epidermal LC. Forty human foreskin tissues were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 tissues each: Group A, control; Group B, pimecrolimus 1% (once)-only; Group C, 180 mJ/cm(2) UVB (once)-only; Group D, UVB+pimecrolimus. Each tissue was cut into 4 pieces corresponding to 4 time points. All the tissues were cultured at 37 °C. After being treated, the tissues were collected respectively and processed for immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining. For UVB-only group, epidermal CD1a(+) LC number at 18h decreased from 39.6 ± 8.30 to 22.3 ± 2.26/5 high magnification, compared to CD1a(+) LC number at 0 h (P<0.01). The CD1a(+) LC number of UVB-only group was significantly less than other groups at 18 h, 24h and 48 h (P<0.05, respectively). Similar results were obtained with immunofluorescence staining for CD 1a and immunohistochemical staining for Langerin. The numbers of epidermal HLA-DR(+) LC had no significant differences among all groups at different time points. Our study found a single 180 mJ/cm(2) UVB irradiation significantly reduced epidermal LC numbers at 18 h, 24h and 48 h, however, topical pimecrolimus could reverse these changes. UVB plus pimecrolimus treatment did not affect human LC maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZhiQiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Heier I, Søyland E, Krogstad AL, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Nenseter MS, Jahnsen FL. Sun exposure rapidly reduces plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inflammatory dermal dendritic cells in psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol 2012; 165:792-801. [PMID: 21623747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN)-α-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), inflammatory CD11c+CD1c- myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and macrophages have been found to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Heliotherapy is a well-established treatment modality of this disease, although the details of how the effects are mediated are unknown. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that exposure to natural sun affects pathogenic DC subsets in lesional skin. METHODS Skin biopsies were obtained from lesional and nonlesional skin in 10 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis subjected to controlled sun exposure on Gran Canaria. Biopsies were obtained at baseline, day 2 and day 16 and examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sixteen days of heliotherapy had excellent clinical effect on patients with psoriasis, with significant reductions in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores. In lesional skin pDC numbers and expression of MxA, a surrogate marker for IFN-α, were rapidly reduced. Inflammatory CD11c+CD1c- mDCs were significantly reduced whereas resident dermal CD11c+CD1c+ mDCs were unaffected. Expression levels of the maturation marker DC-LAMP (CD208) on mDCs were significantly reduced after sun exposure, as were the numbers of lesional dermal macrophages. A decrease of dermal DC subsets and macrophages was already observed after 1 day of sun exposure. An additional finding was that DC-SIGN (CD209) is primarily expressed on CD163+ macrophages and not DCs. CONCLUSIONS The clinical improvement in psoriasis following sun exposure is associated with rapid changes in dermal DC populations and macrophages in lesional skin, preceding the clinical effect. These findings support the concept that these DC subsets are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and suggest that sun-induced clinical benefit may partly be explained by its effect on dermal DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Heier
- LIIPAT, Institute of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lin F, Xu W, Guan C, Zhou M, Hong W, Fu L, Liu D, Xu A. Niacin protects against UVB radiation-induced apoptosis in cultured human skin keratinocytes. Int J Mol Med 2012; 29:593-600. [PMID: 22246168 PMCID: PMC3577345 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin and its related derivatives have been shown to have effects on cellular activities. However, the molecular mechanism of its reduced immunosuppressive effects and photoprotective effects remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the photoprotective effect of niacin in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). We found that niacin effectively suppressed the UV-induced cell death and cell apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Existing data have shown that AKT activation is involved in the cell survival process. Yet, the potential mechanism of niacin in protection against UV-induced skin damage has thus far not fully been eluvidated. We observed that niacin pretreatment enhances UV induced activation of AKT (Ser473 phosphorylation) as well as that of the downstream signal mTOR (S6 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation). The PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002, and the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, largely neutralized the protective effects of niacin, suggesting that AKT and downstream signaling mTOR/S6 activation are necessary for the niacin-induced protective effects against UV-induced cell death and cell apoptosis. Collectively, our data suggest that niacin may be utilized to prevent UV-induced skin damage and provide a novel mechanism of its photoprotective effects against the UV radiation of sunlight by modulating both AKT and downstream mTOR signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rollison DE, Giuliano AR, Messina JL, Fenske NA, Cherpelis BS, Sondak VK, Roetzheim RG, Iannacone MR, Michael KM, Gheit T, Waterboer T, Tommasino M, Pawlita M. Case-control study of Merkel cell polyomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:74-81. [PMID: 22016472 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) DNA has been reported in 0% to 25% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) occurring in immunocompetent individuals. We conducted the first serologic case-control study of MCV and SCC. METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed cutaneous SCC (n = 173) were recruited from a university dermatology clinic. Controls were individuals who screened negative for and had no history of skin or other cancers (n = 300). Levels of antibodies against capsid antigens for MCV and another polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV), were determined by fluorescent bead-based multiplex serology. Fresh-frozen tumor tissues were obtained from 145 SCC cases and tested for MCV DNA by multiplexed PCR. Associations between MCV seroreactivity and SCC were estimated by ORs and 95% CIs calculated using logistic regression with adjustment for age and sex. RESULTS MCV DNA was detected in SCC tumor tissues from 55 (38%) of 145 cases. A statistically significant association was observed between MCV seropositivity and MCV DNA-positive SCC (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.03-6.04), with an almost four-fold association observed when comparing those with MCV antibodies in the fourth versus first quartiles (OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.43-10.76, P(trend) = 0.01). No significant associations were observed between MCV seropositivity and MCV DNA-negative SCC (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.76-2.48) or between JCV seropositivity and MCV DNA-positive or DNA-negative SCC. CONCLUSION Past exposure to MCV may be a risk factor for SCC. IMPACT Understanding the role of viral infections in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer could lead to novel prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33647, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hemmerling J, Wegner-Kops J, von Stebut E, Wolff D, Wagner EM, Hartwig UF, André MC, Theobald M, Schopf RE, Herr W, Meyer RG. Human epidermal Langerhans cells replenish skin xenografts and are depleted by alloreactive T cells in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1142-9. [PMID: 21697461 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are potent APCs surveying the skin. They are crucial regulators of T cell activation in the context of inflammatory skin disease and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In contrast to other dendritic cell subtypes, murine LC are able to reconstitute after local depletion without the need of peripheral blood-derived precursors. In this study, we introduce an experimental model of human skin grafted to NOD-SCID IL2Rγ(null) mice. In this model, we demonstrate that xenografting leads to the transient loss of LC from the human skin grafts. Despite the lack of a human hematopoietic system, human LC repopulated the xenografts 6 to 9 wk after transplantation. By staining of LC with the proliferation marker Ki67, we show that one third of the replenishing LC exhibit proliferative activity in vivo. We further used the skin xenograft as an in vivo model for human GVHD. HLA-disparate third-party T cells stimulated with skin donor-derived dendritic cells were injected intravenously into NOD-SCID IL2Rγ(null) mice that had been transplanted with human skin. The application of alloreactive T cells led to erythema and was associated with histological signs of GVHD limited to the transplanted human skin. The inflammation also led to the depletion of LC from the epidermis. In summary, we provide evidence that human LC are able to repopulate the skin independent of blood-derived precursor cells and that this at least partly relates to their proliferative capacity. Our data also propose xeno-transplantation of human skin as a model system for studying the role of skin dendritic cells in the efferent arm of GVHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hemmerling
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Søyland E, Heier I, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Mollnes TE, Johansen FE, Holven KB, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P, Jahnsen FL, de la Rosa Carrillo D, Krogstad AL, Nenseter MS. Sun exposure induces rapid immunological changes in skin and peripheral blood in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:344-55. [PMID: 21271993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has immunosuppressive effects and heliotherapy is a well-described treatment modality for psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To characterize early sun-induced immunological changes both local and systemic in patients with psoriasis. METHODS Twenty patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were subjected to controlled sun exposure on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were evaluated. Skin biopsies were obtained from lesional and nonlesional skin in 10 patients at baseline and on day 16 and from five additional patients on day 2. Specimens were examined with immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples were obtained from all patients at the same time points and were examined for T-cell subsets and cytokine production. RESULTS Significant clinical improvement was achieved during the study period. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lesional skin were significantly reduced in both the epidermis and dermis. In contrast, dermal FOXP3+ T cells were relatively increased. In the peripheral blood skin homing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ T cells were significantly decreased after only 1 day in the sun and in vitro stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated reduced capacity to secrete cytokines after 16 days. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that clinical improvement of psoriasis following sun exposure is preceded by a rapid reduction in local and systemic inflammatory markers, strongly suggesting that immune modulation mediated the observed clinical effect. We cannot completely rule out that other mechanisms, such as stress reduction, may contribute, but it is extensively documented that UV irradiation is a potent inducer of immunosuppression and we therefore conclude that the observed effect was primarily due to sun exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Søyland
- Section for Climate Therapy, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bogaert L, Martens A, Kast WM, Van Marck E, De Cock H. Bovine papillomavirus DNA can be detected in keratinocytes of equine sarcoid tumors. Vet Microbiol 2010; 146:269-75. [PMID: 21095508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-1 and -2 is linked to equine sarcoids, a commonly observed skin tumor in horses that is of considerable veterinary importance. Previous studies using in situ hybridization have detected BPV DNA only in fibroblasts and not in keratinocytes of sarcoids. In contrast, normal equine skin latently infected with BPV shows a dysplastic epithelium without dermal changes, similar to lesions induced by other papillomavirus types infecting the epithelium. The first goal of our study was to describe the epidermal and dermal characteristics of several stages in sarcoid development. Next, we explored whether BPV can infect epidermal cells in the horse using real-time PCR on laser-micro-dissected keratinocytes and fibroblasts. We found that latently infected normal skin samples and a subset of early stage sarcoids show dysplastic, koilocyte-like epithelial changes. BPV DNA was detected in keratinocytes in 40% of the samples with these particular epithelial properties, whereas advanced sarcoids only had BPV DNA in the fibroblasts. These data may indicate a novel and intriguing pathway of BPV infection in the horse composed of a first step of keratinocyte infection, followed by migration of viral material towards the dermis resulting in infection of sub-epidermal fibroblasts and their fully transformed phenotype. Additionally, an example of co-existence of a dermal BPV-1 and an epidermal BPV-2 infection in the same lesion is shown, indicating that horses can harbor infection with more than one BPV type at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lies Bogaert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Accumulation of CD1a-positive Langerhans cells and mast cells in actinic cheilitis. J Mol Histol 2010; 41:357-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-010-9297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
37
|
Endonasal phototherapy significantly alleviates symptoms of allergic rhinitis, but has a limited impact on the nasal mucosal immune cells. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 268:393-9. [PMID: 20814689 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-010-1375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The literature documents the fact that UV irradiation of cutaneous Langerhans cells (LC) in vivo prevents the development of contact allergy and produces long-lasting immunosuppression. However, not much is known about the effect of UV irradiation on the LC of the nasal mucosa and their connection with clinical scores. Local antigen presentation may be necessary for both primary and recall T cell responses to birch pollen in patients with hay fever. Endonasal phototherapy combination of UVB (5%), UVA (25%) and visible light (70%) utilises the immunosuppressive effects of UV irradiation. The aim of this study was to correlate clinical symptom scores with possible changes in the LC of the nasal mucosa induced by UV radiation. The clinical effectiveness of this form of treatment is discussed. Nasal biopsies were obtained from ten birch pollen-sensitive patients with seasonal rhinitis before and after endonasal phototherapy. All patients showed a significant clinical benefit post-treatment as assessed by standardised instruments, including total nasal symptom score, nasal congestion score, nasal itching score, sneezing score, nasal secretion score and impairment-to-health score. However, we found no significant morphological changes, to, or quantitative differences in, the CD1a+, CD4, CD8 or CD31 cells before and 14 days after treatment. Despite the positive clinical effect, the study revealed no effect of UV irradiation on the LC and other analysed cells of the nasal mucosa immune system. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
Collapse
|
38
|
Possible implication of local immune response in Darier's disease: an immunohistochemical characterization of lesional inflammatory infiltrate. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:350304. [PMID: 20671948 PMCID: PMC2910469 DOI: 10.1155/2010/350304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity is considered to be normal in Darier's Disease (DD), an inherited skin disorder complicated by skin infections. To date, there are no investigations on the local inflammatory infiltrate in DD skin lesions. In this immunohistochemical study we characterized and quantified it, making comparisons with two other inflammatory skin disorders, that is, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and lichen ruber planus (LRP), and with the normal skin (NSk). We found a significant (P < .05) decrease of CD1a+ Langerhans cells (LCs) in DD, compared to PV, LRP, and NSk, and of CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), compared to PV and LRP. We hypothesize that the genetic damage of keratinocytes might result in a loss of some subsets of dendritic cells and, consequently, in an impaired local immune response, which might worsen the infections that inevitably occur in this disease.
Collapse
|
39
|
Agelli M, Clegg LX, Becker JC, Rollison DE. The etiology and epidemiology of merkel cell carcinoma. Curr Probl Cancer 2010; 34:14-37. [PMID: 20371072 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agelli
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hallaji Z, Barzegari M, Balighi K, Mansoori P, Taheri A, Mansoori P. A comparison of three times vs. five times weekly narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2010; 26:10-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
Wang L, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA. Epidermal Langerhans cells are not required for UV-induced immunosuppression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5548-53. [PMID: 19843938 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UV light can be highly beneficial in the treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis. It is thought to cause immunosuppression by depleting or altering the function of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). Our previous studies identified a novel langerin(+) dendritic cell in the dermis, distinct from LC in phenotype, circulation, and function. In this study, we determined the role of LC and dermal langerin(+) cells in UV suppression. UV light suppressed the CD8 T cell response to both contact hypersensitivity and epicutaneous protein immunization, and resulted in a dramatically altered phenotype of LC. UV light did not alter early CD8 T cell activation in the lymph nodes, but rather reduced CD8 T cell expansion at later time points. We found that dermal langerin(+) cells, but not LC, were essential for the CD8 T cell response. Furthermore, in the selective absence of LC, UV light still caused suppression of both CD8 T cell expansion and contact hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangchun Wang
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Calderón-Amador J, Flores-Langarica A, Silva-Sánchez A, Donis-Maturano L, Granados J, Vega-Memije E, Maria Lacy-Niebla R, Hojyo-Tomoka T, Dominguez-Soto L, Flores-Romo L. Epidermal Langerhans cells in actinic prurigo: a comparison between lesional and non-lesional skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
43
|
Brazzelli V, Grasso V, Muzio F, Moggio E, Zecca M, Locatelli F, Borroni G. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in the treatment of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease in oncohaematological paediatric patients. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:404-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
McGee HM, Dharmadasa T, Woods GM. Solar simulated ultraviolet radiation damages murine neonatal skin and alters Langerhans cell development, but does not induce inflammation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:881-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b822591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
45
|
Pradhan S, Kim HK, Thrash CJ, Cox MA, Mantena SK, Wu JH, Athar M, Katiyar SK, Elmets CA, Timares L. A critical role for the proapoptotic protein bid in ultraviolet-induced immune suppression and cutaneous apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3077-88. [PMID: 18713978 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in eliminating UV-damaged keratinocytes, but its role in UV-induced immune suppression is not clear. Langerhans cells (LCs) may function as inducers of immune suppression. We have shown that LCs derived from mice deficient in the proapoptotic Bid (BH3-interacting death domain protein) gene (Bid KO) resist apoptosis and induce amplified immune responses. In this report, we examined responses in Bid KO mice to UVB exposure. Acute UV exposure led Bid KO mice to develop fewer apoptotic cells and retain a greater fraction of LCs in the epidermal layer of skin in comparison to wild-type mice. Bid KO mice were also markedly resistant to local and systemic UV tolerance induction to hapten sensitization and contact hypersensitivity responses. Elicitation responses and inflammation at skin sensitization sites in UV-treated Bid KO mice were equal to or greater than nonsuppressed control responses. In Bid KO mice, LCs accumulated in lymph nodes to greater numbers, demonstrated longer lifespans, and contained fewer DNA-damaged cells. These studies provide evidence that Bid activation is a critical upstream mediator in UV-induced keratinocyte and LC apoptosis and that its absence abrogates UV-induced immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pradhan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Around 1980, experiments with hairless mice showed us that UV-induced actinic keratoses (AK) and ensuing skin carcinomas did not arise independently: the rate of occurrence in one skin area was increased considerably if AKs had already been induced separately in another distant skin area, i.e. a systemic effect. The ground laying work of Margaret Kripke in the 1970s provided a fitting explanation: UV-induced immunosuppression and tolerance toward the UV-induced tumors. From Kripke's work a new discipline arose: "Photoimmunology." Enormous strides were made in exploring and expanding the effects from UV carcinogenesis to infectious diseases, and in elucidating the mechanisms involved. Stemming from concerns about a depletion of the ozone layer and the general impact of ambient UV radiation, the groups I worked in and closely collaborated with explored the anticipated adverse effects of UV-induced immunosuppression on healthy individuals. An important turning point was brought about in 1992 when the group of Kevin Cooper reported that immunosuppression could be induced by UV exposure in virtually all human subjects tested, suggesting that this is a normal and sound physiological reaction to UV exposure. This reaction could actually protect us from illicit immune responses against our UV-exposed skin, such as observed in idiopathic polymorphic light eruption. This premise has fruitfully rekindled the research on this common "sun allergy," affecting to widely varying degrees about one in five Europeans with indoor professions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank R de Gruijl
- Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Timares L, Katiyar SK, Elmets CA. DNA damage, apoptosis and langerhans cells--Activators of UV-induced immune tolerance. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:422-36. [PMID: 18248501 PMCID: PMC2718731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Solar UVR is highly mutagenic but is only partially absorbed by the outer stratum corneum of the epidermis. UVR can penetrate into the deeper layers of the epidermis, depending on melanin content, where it induces DNA damage and apoptosis in epidermal cells, including those in the germinative basal layer. The cellular decision to initiate either cellular repair or undergo apoptosis has evolved to balance the acute need to maintain skin barrier function with the long-term risk of retaining precancerous cells. Langerhans cells (LCs) are positioned suprabasally, where they may sense UV damage directly, or indirectly through recognition of apoptotic vesicles and soluble mediators derived from surrounding keratinocytes. Apoptotic vesicles will contain UV-induced altered proteins that may be presented to the immune system as foreign. The observation that UVR induces immune tolerance to skin-associated antigens suggests that this photodamage response has evolved to preserve the skin barrier by protecting it from autoimmune attack. LC involvement in this process is not clear and controversial. We will highlight some basic concepts of photobiology and review recent advances pertaining to UV-induced DNA damage, apoptosis regulation, novel immunomodulatory mechanisms and the role of LCs in generating antigen-specific regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Timares
- Department of Dermatology, The UAB Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gorman S, Kuritzky LA, Judge MA, Dixon KM, McGlade JP, Mason RS, Finlay-Jones JJ, Hart PH. Topically applied 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ cells in the draining lymph nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6273-83. [PMID: 17947703 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.6273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D have been described following chronic oral administration to mice or supplementation of cell cultures with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), the active form of vitamin D. In this study, topically applied 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), enhanced the suppressive capacity of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from the draining lymph nodes. The effects of topical 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) were compared with those of UVB irradiation, which is the environmental factor required for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) production in skin. CD4(+) cells from the skin-draining lymph nodes (SDLN) of either 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated or UVB-irradiated mice had reduced capacity to proliferate to Ags presented in vitro, and could suppress Ag-specific immune responses upon adoptive transfer into naive mice. This regulation was lost upon removal of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells. Furthermore, purified CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from the SDLN of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated or UVB-irradiated mice compared with equal numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from control mice had increased capacity to suppress immune responses in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems. Following the sensitization of recipient mice with OVA, the proportion of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells of donor origin significantly increased in recipients of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from the SDLN of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated mice, indicating that these regulatory T cells can expand in vivo with antigenic stimulation. These studies suggest that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may be an important mediator by which UVB-irradiation exerts some of its immunomodulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rockel N, Esser C, Grether-Beck S, Warskulat U, Flögel U, Schwarz A, Schwarz T, Yarosh D, Häussinger D, Krutmann J. The osmolyte taurine protects against ultraviolet B radiation-induced immunosuppression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3604-12. [PMID: 17785795 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic osmolytes, such as taurine, are involved in cell volume homeostasis and cell protection. Epidermal keratinocytes possess an osmolyte strategy, i.e., they take up taurine upon hyperosmotic stress and express the corresponding transporter TAUT. UVB irradiation also triggers taurine uptake and TAUT expression in this cell type. We therefore asked whether taurine plays a role in photoprotection. By using a TAUT-deficient mouse model, lack of taurine in the skin was found to cause a significantly higher sensitivity to UVB-induced immunosuppression. This was not due to an increased generation or decreased repair of UVB-induced DNA photoproducts in the skin of these animals. Instead, decreased skin taurine levels were associated with an increased formation of the soluble immunosuppressive molecule platelet-activating factor (PAF) from the membranes of UVB-irradiated epidermal cells. Blocking PAF activity in taut-deficient mice with a PAF receptor antagonist abrogated their increased sensitivity to UVB-induced immunosuppression. Moreover, taut -/- mice were more sensitive to PAF-mediated immunosuppression than taut +/+ mice. These data suggest that taurine uptake by epidermal cells prevents undue PAF formation, and thereby photoimmunosuppression. Thus, similar to nucleotide excision repair, taurine uptake is critically involved in photoprotection of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rockel
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Almahroos M, Kurban AK. Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Part II: Review and Update on Epidemiologic Correlations. Skinmed 2007; 3:132-9. [PMID: 15133392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-9740.2004.02450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between ultraviolet radiation and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is further elucidated by a review of case-control studies relating type of exposure to the development of NMSC. Intermittent sun exposure is important in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma, whereas cumulative exposure is important for both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The regional distribution of NMSC is also in areas of sun exposure. Furthermore, there are inherent risk factors for the development of NMSC that include hair and eye colors. Once an individual develops NMSC, he/she has increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Almahroos
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|