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Kubo Y, Fukuoka H, Shoji K, Mori C, Sakurai K, Nishikawa M, Oshida K, Yamashiro Y, Kawabata T. Longitudinal Analysis of One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Metabolites in Maternal and Cord Blood of Japanese Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:1765. [PMID: 38892698 PMCID: PMC11174998 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a complex and interconnected network that undergoes drastic changes during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal distribution of OCM-related metabolites in maternal and cord blood and explored their relationships. Additionally, we conducted cross-sectional analyses to examine the interrelationships among these metabolites. This study included 146 healthy pregnant women who participated in the Chiba Study of Mother and Child Health. Maternal blood samples were collected during early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and delivery, along with cord blood samples. We analyzed 18 OCM-related metabolites in serum using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. We found that serum S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentrations in maternal blood remained stable throughout pregnancy. Conversely, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentrations increased, and the total homocysteine/total cysteine ratio significantly increased with advancing gestational age. The betaine/dimethylglycine ratio was negatively correlated with total homocysteine in maternal blood for all sampling periods, and this correlation strengthened with advances in gestational age. Most OCM-related metabolites measured in this study showed significant positive correlations between maternal blood at delivery and cord blood. These findings suggest that maternal OCM status may impact fetal development and indicate the need for comprehensive and longitudinal evaluations of OCM during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kubo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (K.S.); (T.K.)
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Department of Perinatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan;
| | - Kumiko Shoji
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (K.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan;
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Masazumi Nishikawa
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatadate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai 982-0215, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Kyoichi Oshida
- Faculty of Beauty & Wellness, Professional University of Beauty & Wellness, 3-9-3 Ushikubo, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0012, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-9-8-3F, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Terue Kawabata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (K.S.); (T.K.)
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Sorokoumova AA, Seryapina AA, Polityko YK, Yanshole LV, Tsentalovich YP, Gilinsky МА, Markel АL. Urine metabolic profile in rats with arterial hypertension of different genesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:299-307. [PMID: 38952704 PMCID: PMC11214897 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying arterial hypertension leads to the necessity to devise a personalized approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Metabolomics is one of the promising methods for personalized medicine, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the physiological processes occurring in the body. The metabolome is a set of low-molecular substances available for detection in a sample and representing intermediate and final products of cell metabolism. Changes in the content and ratio of metabolites in the sample mark the corresponding pathogenetic mechanisms by highlighting them, which is especially important for such a multifactorial disease as arterial hypertension. To identify metabolomic markers for hypertensive conditions of different origins, three forms of arterial hypertension (AH) were studied: rats with hereditary AH (ISIAH rat strain); rats with AH induced by L-NAME administration (a model of endothelial dysfunction with impaired NO production); rats with AH caused by the administration of deoxycorticosterone in combination with salt loading (hormone-dependent form - DOCA-salt AH). WAG rats were used as normotensive controls. 24-hour urine samples were collected from all animals and analyzed by quantitative NMR spectroscopy for metabolic profiling. Then, potential metabolomic markers for the studied forms of hypertensive conditions were identified using multivariate statistics. Analysis of the data obtained showed that hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension in ISIAH rats was characterized by a decrease in the following urine metabolites: nicotinamide and 1-methylnicotinamide (markers of inflammatory processes), N- acetylglutamate (nitric oxide cycle), isobutyrate and methyl acetoacetate (gut microbiota). Pharmacologically induced forms of hypertension (the L-NAME and DOCA+NaCl groups) do not share metabolomic markers with hereditary AH. They are differentiated by N,N-dimethylglycine (both groups), choline (the L-NAME group) and 1-methylnicotinamide (the group of rats with DOCA-salt hypertension).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sorokoumova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Seryapina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu K Polityko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - М А Gilinsky
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - А L Markel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Theron IJ, Mason S, van Reenen M, Stander Z, Kleynhans L, Ronacher K, Loots DT. Characterizing poorly controlled type 2 diabetes using 1H-NMR metabolomics. Metabolomics 2024; 20:54. [PMID: 38734832 PMCID: PMC11088559 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has surged to epidemic proportions and despite treatment administration/adherence, some individuals experience poorly controlled diabetes. While existing literature explores metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes, understanding metabolic derangement in poorly controlled cases remains limited. OBJECTIVE This investigation aimed to characterize the urine metabolome of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in a South African cohort. METHOD Using an untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics approach, urine samples from 15 poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients and 25 healthy controls were analyzed and statistically compared to identify differentiating metabolites. RESULTS The poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients were characterized by elevated concentrations of various metabolites associated with changes to the macro-fuel pathways (including carbohydrate metabolism, ketogenesis, proteolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle), autophagy and/or apoptosis, an uncontrolled diet, and kidney and liver damage. CONCLUSION These results indicate that inhibited cellular glucose uptake in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes significantly affects energy-producing pathways, leading to apoptosis and/or autophagy, ultimately contributing to kidney and mild liver damage. The study also suggests poor dietary compliance as a cause of the patient's uncontrolled glycemic state. Collectively these findings offer a first-time comprehensive overview of urine metabolic changes in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and its association with secondary diseases, offering potential insights for more targeted treatment strategies to prevent disease progression, treatment efficacy, and diet/treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella J Theron
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Zinandré Stander
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Liu Z, Li X, Wang T, Zhang H, Li X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Yang P, Zhou C, Ge Q, Zhao L. SAH and SAM/SAH ratio associate with acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A case-control study. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117726. [PMID: 38110027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical emergency with an acute onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis, which has high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. DNA methylation plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of kidney disease, and aberrant methylation and certain altered methylation-related metabolites have been reported in AKI patients. However, the specific alterations of methylation-related metabolites in the AKI patients were not investigated clearly. METHOD In this study, 61 AKI and 61 matched non-AKI inpatients were recruited after propensity score matching the age and hypertension. And 11 methylation-related metabolites in the plasma and urine of the two groups were quantified by using UHPLC-MS/MS method. RESULTS Certain methylation-relate intermediates were up-regulated in the plasma (choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), trimethyl lysine (TML), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)) and down-regulated in the urine of AKI inpatients (choline, betaine, TMAO, dimethylglycine (DMG), SAM and taurine). The correlation analysis revealed a relatively strong correlation between plasma SAH, SAM/SAH ratio and renal function index (serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), r = 0.523-0.616), and the correlation of urinary intermediates with renal function index was weaker than that in the plasma. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that plasma SAH and urinary SAM/SAH ratio represented the best distinguishing efficiency with AUC 0.844 and 0.794, respectively. Moreover, the findings of binary regression analysis demonstrated plasma choline, TMAO, TML, SAM and SAH were the risk markers of AKI (up-regulation in plasma, OR > 1), urinary choline, betaine, TMAO, DMG and SAM were protective markers of AKI (down-regulation in urine, OR < 1), and SAM/SAH ratio was a protective marker in plasma and urine (down-regulation in both two biofluids, OR = 0.510, 0.383-0.678 in plasma, OR = 0.904, 0.854-0.968 in urine), indicating the increased risk of AKI when combined with the alteration of plasma and urinary levels. CONCLUSION The comprehensive analysis of plasma and urine samples from AKI inpatients offers a more extensive assessment of methylated metabolic alterations, suggesting a close relationship between AKI stress and altered methylation ability. The plasma level of SAH and SAM/SAH ratio and urinary SAM/SAH ratio both showed a strong correlation with renal function (SCr and eGFR) and good accuracy for distinguishing AKI in the two biomatrices, which exhibited promising prospects in predicting renal function decline and providing further information for the pathogenesis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhini Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tiehua Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Congya Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
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Kubo Y, Shoji K, Tajima A, Horiguchi S, Fukuoka H, Nishikawa M, Kagawa Y, Kawabata T. Serum 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Status Is Associated with One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Metabolite Concentrations and Enzyme Activity Indicators in Young Women. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10993. [PMID: 37446171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining optimal one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is essential for health and pregnancy. In this cross-sectional study, folate status was assessed based on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels, and the association between 5-MTHF and OCM-related metabolites was investigated in 227 female Japanese university students aged 18-25 years. The participants were divided into high and low 5-MTHF groups based on their folate status. Serum samples of the participants were collected while they were fasting, and 18 OCM-related metabolites were measured using stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The association between serum 5-MTHF and OCM-related metabolite concentrations was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Serum 5-MTHF concentrations were negatively correlated with total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and positively correlated with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and total cysteine (tCys) concentrations. Serum 5-MTHF concentrations demonstrated a stronger negative correlation with tHcy/tCys than with tHcy alone. The negative correlation between betaine and tHcy concentrations was stronger in the low 5-MTHF group than in the high 5-MTHF group. The 5-MTHF status could be linked to Hcy flux into the transsulfuration pathway via SAM. Therefore, the tHcy/tCys ratio may be a more sensitive indicator of the 5-MTHF status than tHcy alone. Furthermore, a low 5-MTHF status can enhance Hcy metabolism via betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kubo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kumiko Shoji
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Akiko Tajima
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiguchi
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Department of Perinatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masazumi Nishikawa
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatadate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai 982-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kagawa
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Terue Kawabata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
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Hua S, Lv B, Qiu Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Chen Y, Han Y, Tucker KL, Wu H, Jin W. Microbial metabolites in chronic heart failure and its common comorbidities. EMBO Mol Med 2023:e16928. [PMID: 37155563 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify microbial signatures that contribute to the shared etiologies between chronic heart failure (CHF), type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The serum levels of 151 microbial metabolites were measured in 260 individuals from the Risk Evaluation and Management of heart failure cohort, and it was found that those metabolites varied by an order of 105 fold. Out of 96 metabolites associated with the three cardiometabolic diseases, most were validated in two geographically independent cohorts. In all three cohorts, 16 metabolites including imidazole propionate (ImP) consistently showed significant differences. Notably, baseline ImP levels were three times higher in the Chinese compared with the Swedish cohorts and increased by 1.1-1.6 fold with each additional CHF comorbidity in the Chinese population. Cellular experiments further supported a causal link between ImP and distinct CHF relevant phenotypes. Additionally, key microbial metabolite-based risk scores were superior in CHF prognosis than the traditional Framingham or Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure risk scores. Interactive visualization of these specific metabolite-disease links is available on our omics data server (https://omicsdata.org/Apps/REM-HF/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan Microbiome Center, Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeping Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuojin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan Microbiome Center, Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yuan D, Chu J, Lin H, Zhu G, Qian J, Yu Y, Yao T, Ping F, Chen F, Liu X. Mechanism of homocysteine-mediated endothelial injury and its consequences for atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1109445. [PMID: 36727029 PMCID: PMC9884709 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate amino acid formed during the conversion from methionine to cysteine. When the fasting plasma Hcy level is higher than 15 μmol/L, it is considered as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The vascular endothelium is an important barrier to vascular homeostasis, and its impairment is the initiation of atherosclerosis (AS). HHcy is an important risk factor for AS, which can promote the development of AS and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and Hcy damage to the endothelium is considered to play a very important role. However, the mechanism by which Hcy damages the endothelium is still not fully understood. This review summarizes the mechanism of Hcy-induced endothelial injury and the treatment methods to alleviate the Hcy induced endothelial dysfunction, in order to provide new thoughts for the diagnosis and treatment of Hcy-induced endothelial injury and subsequent AS-related diseases.
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Sanchez-Gimenez R, Peiró ÓM, Bonet G, Carrasquer A, Fragkiadakis GA, Bulló M, Papandreou C, Bardaji A. Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide, its precursors and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Mediating effects of renal function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000815. [PMID: 36211587 PMCID: PMC9532606 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To examine associations of the gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors with risk of cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and determine whether these associations were mediated by renal function. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included 309 patients with ACS. During a mean follow-up of 6.7 years, 131 patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and all-cause mortality). Plasma concentrations of TMAO, trimethylamine (TMA), choline, betaine, dimethylglycine and L-carnitine were profiled by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Hazard ratios were estimated with multivariable Cox regression models. The mediating role of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was tested under a counterfactual framework. Results After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and medications, participants in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile of baseline TMAO and dimethylglycine concentrations had a higher risk of MACE [(HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.09) and (HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.99), respectively]. However, with regards to TMAO these associations were no longer significant, whereas for dimethylglycine, the associations were attenuated after additional adjustment for eGFR. eGFR mediated the associations of TMAO (58%) and dimethylglycine (32%) with MACE incidence. The associations between dimethylglycine and incident MACE were confirmed in an internal validation. No significant associations were found for TMA, choline, betaine and L-carnitine. Conclusion These findings suggest that renal function may be a key mediator in the association of plasma TMAO with the development of cardiovascular events after ACS. The present findings also support a role of dimethylglycine in the pathogenesis of MACE, which may be mediated, at least partially, by renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Sanchez-Gimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Óscar M. Peiró
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gil Bonet
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasquer
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Georgios A. Fragkiadakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Siteia, Greece
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- *Correspondence: Christopher Papandreou
| | - Alfredo Bardaji
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
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Sotelo-Orozco J, Chen SY, Hertz-Picciotto I, Slupsky CM. A Comparison of Serum and Plasma Blood Collection Tubes for the Integration of Epidemiological and Metabolomics Data. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:682134. [PMID: 34307452 PMCID: PMC8295687 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.682134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is a rich biological sample routinely collected in clinical and epidemiological studies. With advancements in high throughput -omics technology, such as metabolomics, epidemiology can now delve more deeply and comprehensively into biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of diseases. However, the impact of the blood collection tube matrix of samples collected needs to be carefully considered to obtain meaningful biological interpretations and understand how the metabolite signatures are affected by different tube types. In the present study, we investigated whether the metabolic profile of blood collected as serum differed from samples collected as ACD plasma, citrate plasma, EDTA plasma, fluoride plasma, or heparin plasma. We identified and quantified 50 metabolites present in all samples utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The heparin plasma tubes performed the closest to serum, with only three metabolites showing significant differences, followed by EDTA which significantly differed for five metabolites, and fluoride tubes which differed in eleven of the fifty metabolites. Most of these metabolite differences were due to higher levels of amino acids in serum compared to heparin plasma, EDTA plasma, and fluoride plasma. In contrast, metabolite measurements from ACD and citrate plasma differed significantly for approximately half of the metabolites assessed. These metabolite differences in ACD and citrate plasma were largely due to significant interfering peaks from the anticoagulants themselves. Blood is one of the most banked samples and thus mining and comparing samples between studies requires understanding how the metabolite signature is affected by the different media and different tube types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Sotelo-Orozco
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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10
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Papandreou C, Bulló M, Hernández-Alonso P, Ruiz-Canela M, Li J, Guasch-Ferré M, Toledo E, Clish C, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Alonso-Gómez A, Fiol M, Santos-Lozano JM, Serra-Majem L, Liang L, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB, Salas-Salvadó J. Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study. Clin Chem 2021; 67:288-297. [PMID: 33257943 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the associations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and L-carnitine) with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). This study sought to investigate these associations. METHODS Prospective associations of these metabolites with incident AF and HF were examined among participants at high cardiovascular risk in the PREDIMED study (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) after follow-up for about 10 years. Two nested case-control studies were conducted, including 509 AF incident cases matched to 618 controls and 326 HF incident cases matched to 426 controls. Plasma levels of TMAO and its precursors were semi-quantitatively profiled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios were estimated with multivariable conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After adjustment for classical risk factors and accounting for multiple testing, participants in the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile of baseline choline and betaine levels had a higher risk of AF [OR (95% CI): 1.85 (1.30-2.63) and 1.57 (1.09-2.24), respectively]. The corresponding OR for AF for extreme quartiles of dimethylglycine was 1.39 (0.99-1.96). One SD increase in log-transformed dimethylglycine was positively associated with AF risk (OR, 1.17; 1.03-1.33). The corresponding ORs for HF for extreme quartiles of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine were 2.51 (1.57-4.03), 1.65 (1.00-2.71) and 1.65 (1.04-2.61), respectively. TMAO and L-carnitine levels were not associated with AF or HF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of the choline metabolic pathway in the pathogenesis of AF and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Papandreou
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José M Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences IUIBS, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
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11
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Zaric BL, Radovanovic JN, Gluvic Z, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Motwalli O, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551758. [PMID: 33117340 PMCID: PMC7549398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global health concern and responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other type of disorder. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall, which underpins several types of cardiovascular disease. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in amino acid (AA) metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported positive correlations between levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, valine, and isoleucine in plasma and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances. Elevated serum levels of BCAAs indicate a high cardiometabolic risk. Thus, BCAAs may also impact atherosclerosis prevention and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for specific individuals at risk of coronary events. The metabolism of AAs, such as L-arginine, homoarginine, and L-tryptophan, is recognized as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. Dietary intake of homoarginine, taurine, and glycine can improve atherosclerosis by endothelium remodeling. Available data also suggest that the regulation of AA metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginases 1 and 2 are mediated through various immunological signals and that immunosuppressive AA metabolizing enzymes are promising therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies and basic studies that make use of animal models are required. Here we review recent data examining links between AA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena N. Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Cho HD, Kim J, Lee JY, Kim YY, Lee Y, Jo E, Suh JH, Lee J, Cha S, Han SB. A novel dried blood spots analysis combined with on-spot reaction for determination of trimethylamine N-oxide and its related compounds. Talanta 2020; 210:120639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Pallerla P, Bhumireddy SR, Lingampally SS, Ragi NC, Sripadi P. ESI-MS/MS analysis of protonated N-methyl amino acids and their immonium ions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:761-771. [PMID: 31412140 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylation is one of the important posttranslational modifications of biological systems. At the metabolite level, the methylation process is expected to convert bioactive compounds such as amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, sugars, and other organic acids into their methylated forms. A few of the methylated amino acids are identified and have been proved as potential biomarkers for several metabolic disorders by using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics workstation. As it is possible to encounter all the N-methyl forms of the proteinogenic amino acids in plant/biological systems, it is essential to have analytical data of all N-methyl amino acids for their detection and identification. In earlier studies, we have reported the ESI-MS/MS data of all methylated proteinogenic amino acids, except that of mono-N-methyl amino acids. In this study, the N-methyl amino acids of all the amino acids (1-21; including one isomeric pair) were synthesized and characterized by ESI-MS/MS, LC/MS/MS, and HRMS. These data could be useful for detection and identification of N-methyl amino acids in biological systems for future metabolomics studies. The MS/MS spectra of [M + H]+ ions of most N-methyl amino acids showed respective immonium ions by the loss of (H2 O, CO). The other most common product ions detected were [MH-(NH2 CH3 ]+ , [MH-(RH)]+ (where R = side chain group) ions, and the selective structure indicative product ions due to side chain and N-methyl group. The isomeric/isobaric N-methyl amino acids could easily be differentiated by their distinct MS/MS spectra. Further, the MS/MS of immonium ions inferred side chain structure and methyl group on α-nitrogen of the N-methyl amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavankumar Pallerla
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sudarshana Reddy Bhumireddy
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sai Sachin Lingampally
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nagarjuna Chary Ragi
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Prabhakar Sripadi
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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14
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Hanifa MA, Skott M, Maltesen RG, Rasmussen BS, Nielsen S, Frøkiær J, Ring T, Wimmer R. Tissue, urine and blood metabolite signatures of chronic kidney disease in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. Metabolomics 2019; 15:112. [PMID: 31422467 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It has a long asymptomatic phase, where routine blood tests cannot identify early functional losses, and therefore identifying common mechanisms across the many etiologies is an important goal. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to characterize serum, urine and tissue (kidney, lung, heart, spleen and liver) metabolomics changes in a rat model of CKD. METHODS A total of 17 male Wistar rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, whilst 13 rats underwent sham operation. Urine samples were collected weekly, for 6 weeks; blood was collected at weeks 0, 3 and 6; and tissue samples were collected at week 6. Samples were analyzed on a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform with multivariate and univariate data analysis. RESULTS Changes in several metabolites were statistically significant. Allantoin was affected in all compartments. Renal asparagine, creatine, hippurate and trimethylamine were significantly different; in other tissues creatine, dimethylamine, dimethylglycine, trigonelline and trimethylamine were significant. Benzoate, citrate, dimethylglycine, fumarate, guanidinoacetate, malate, myo-inositol and oxoglutarate were altered in urine or serum. CONCLUSION Although the metabolic picture is complex, we suggest oxidative stress, the gut-kidney axis, acid-base balance, and energy metabolism as promising areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munsoor A Hanifa
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Skott
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8250, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Raluca G Maltesen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bodil S Rasmussen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Troels Ring
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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15
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Karere GM, Glenn JP, Birnbaum S, Garcia R, VandeBerg JL, Cox LA. Identification of coordinately regulated microRNA-gene networks that differ in baboons discordant for LDL-cholesterol. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213494. [PMID: 30875406 PMCID: PMC6420018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (plasma LDL-C), vascular endothelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), particularly monocytes, play key roles in initiating atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the mechanisms underlying development of atherosclerosis are not well understood, LDL-C is known to influence expression of endothelial microRNAs (miRNAs) and gene-targets of miRNAs to promote cell senescence. However, the impact of LDL-C on expression of PBMC miRNAs and miRNA targeted genes in response to an atherogenic diet is not known. In this study, we used unbiased methods to identify coordinately responsive PBMC miRNA- gene networks that differ between low and high LDL-C baboons when fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat (HCHF) diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Using RNA Seq, we quantified PBMC mRNAs and miRNAs from half-sib baboons discordant for LDL-C plasma concentrations (low LDL-C, n = 3; high LDL-C, n = 3) before and after a 7-week HCHF diet challenge. For low LDL-C baboons, 626 genes exhibited significant change in expression (255 down-regulated, 371 up-regulated) in response to the HCHF diet, and for high LDL-C baboons 379 genes exhibited significant change in expression (162 down-regulated, 217 up-regulated) in response to the HCHF diet. We identified 494 miRNAs identical to human miRNAs and 47 novel miRNAs. Fifty miRNAs were differentially expressed in low LDL-C baboons (21 up- and 29 down-regulated) and 20 in high LDL-C baboons (11 up- and 9 down-regulated) in response to the HCHF diet. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs were miR-221/222 and miR-34a-3p, which were down-regulated, and miR-148a/b-5p, which was up-regulated. In addition, gene-targets of these miRNAs, VEGFA, MAML3, SPARC, and DMGDH, were inversely expressed and are central hub genes in networks and signaling pathways that differ between low and high LDL-C baboon HCHF diet response. CONCLUSIONS We have identified coordinately regulated HCHF diet-responsive PBMC miRNA-gene networks that differ between baboons discordant for LDL-C concentrations. Our findings provide potential insights into molecular mechanisms underlying initiation of atherosclerosis where LDL-C concentrations influence expression of specific miRNAs, which in turn regulate expression of genes that play roles in initiation of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesio M. Karere
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeremy P. Glenn
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Shifra Birnbaum
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Roy Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine,The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville/Harlingen/Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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16
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Chang KY, Wu IW, Huang BR, Juang JG, Wu JC, Chang SW, Chang CC. Associations between Water Quality Measures and Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122726. [PMID: 30513932 PMCID: PMC6313415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine the relationships between exposure to environmental contaminants in water and chronic kidney disease (CKD), we investigated the associations of 61 water attributes with the prevalence of CKD and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) using data from 2005 to 2011 from all 22 counties and cities in the main island of Taiwan. We acquired patient information from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database to calculate the age-standardized CKD and ESRD prevalence rates and linked the patients’ residences to the water quality monitoring data, which were sampled periodically for a total of over 45,000 observations obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Water Quality Information Database. The association analysis adjusting for gender, age, and annual effects showed that the zinc (Zn), ammonia, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and dissolved oxygen in rivers were weakly correlated with CKD (τ = 0.268/0.250/0.238/−0.267, p = 6.01×10−6/2.52×10−5/6.05×10−5/3.30×10−5, respectively), but none for ESRD. The importances of Zn and COD in rivers were also demonstrated in a CKD regression model. Moreover, an unusually high CKD prevalence was related to arsenic contamination in groundwater. A further prospective cohort study would improve our understanding of what level of environmental water with risky properties could affect the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Y Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Ruei Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Gau Juang
- Department of Communications, Navigation and Control Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Chyi Wu
- Department of Communications, Navigation and Control Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Wei Chang
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chung Cheng Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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17
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Liu Z, Zeng Y, Hou P. Metabolomic evaluation of Euphorbia pekinensis induced nephrotoxicity in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:145-153. [PMID: 29421944 PMCID: PMC6130632 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1435697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. (Euphorbiaceae) has long been used in the Orient, while its clinical use was limited due to its nephrotoxic effect. OBJECTIVE The possible mechanism of nephrotoxicity of Euphorbia pekinensis (EPR) and its related constituents were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Petroleum ether (PE), acetic ether (AE) and n-butanol (BUT) extracted sections of EPR were separately given to Wistar rats by gavage at the dose of 3 g/kg/day for 10 weeks to determine the nephrotoxic section of EPR. Then, renal metabolic profiling of EPR after oral administration of nephrotoxic section was investigated and its related constituents were identified by LC/Q-TOF-MS method. RESULTS The average values of creatinine (CREA) in PE, AE, BUT and control groups were 76.54 ± 9.52, 54.12 ± 10.34, 51.33 ± 5.19 and 48.23 ± 6.67 μmol/L. The average values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in PE, AE, BUT and control groups were 15.25 ± 3.37, 8.32 ± 0.89, 9.22 ± 1.78 and 8.47 ± 1.33 mmol/L, respectively. Only kidney section of rats in PE group showed that glomeruli had cellular or fibrocellular crescents. Renal metabolic profiling showed disturbed metabolic pathways of purine, amino acid, phospholipids and sphingolipids in EPR nephrotoxicity. A total of 25 compounds [(-)-(1S)-15-hydroxy-18-carboxycembrene is a new compound] in PE section and 10 compounds in rat serum after administration of PE section were identified. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time that the toxic compounds of PER and action mechanism of EPR nephrotoxicity were explored to provide a new reference for studying the toxic components of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Medical Function, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Pengyi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, China
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18
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Koppe L, Fouque D, Soulage CO. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Diet on Uremic Retention Solutes Production in the Context of Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040155. [PMID: 29652797 PMCID: PMC5923321 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic retention solutes (URS) are associated with cardiovascular complications and poor survival in chronic kidney disease. The better understanding of the origin of a certain number of these toxins enabled the development of new strategies to reduce their production. URS can be classified according to their origins (i.e., host, microbial, or exogenous). The discovery of the fundamental role that the intestinal microbiota plays in the production of many URS has reinstated nutrition at the heart of therapeutics to prevent the accumulation of URS and their deleterious effects. The intestinal microbiota is personalized and is strongly influenced by dietary habits, such as the quantity and the quality of dietary protein and fibers. Herein, this review out lines the role of intestinal microbiota on URS production and the recent discoveries on the effect of diet composition on the microbial balance in the host with a focus on the effect on URS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Koppe
- Department Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, F-69495 Pierre-Benite, France.
- CarMeN Lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, University Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, F-69495 Pierre-Benite, France.
- CarMeN Lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, University Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- CarMeN Lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, University Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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19
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Mika A, Wojtowicz W, Ząbek A, Młynarz P, Chmielewski M, Sledzinski T, Stepnowski P. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the detection of metabolic disorders in patients with moderate kidney insufficiency. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Wang L, Zhao M, Liu W, Li X, Chu H, Bai Y, Sun Z, Gao C, Zheng L, Yang J. Association of betaine with blood pressure in dialysis patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:388-393. [PMID: 29370470 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying elevated blood pressure in dialysis patients are complex as a variety of non-traditional factors are involved. We sought to explore the association of circulating betaine, a compound widely distributed in food, with blood pressure in dialysis patients. We used baseline data of an ongoing cohort study involving patients on hemodialysis. Plasma betaine was measured by high performance liquid chromatography in 327 subjects. Blood pressure level was determined by intradialytic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The mean age of the patients was 52.6 ± 11.9 years, and 58.4% were male. Average interdialytic ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 138.4 ± 22.7 mm Hg and 84.4 ± 12.5 mm Hg, respectively. Mean plasma betaine level was 37.6 μmol/L. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant associations of betaine with both systolic blood pressure (β = -3.66, P = .003) and diastolic blood pressure (β = -2.00, P = .004). The associations persisted even after extensive adjustment for cardiovascular covariates. Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between betaine and blood pressure was mainly limited to female patients. Our data suggest that alteration of circulating betaine possibly contributes to blood pressure regulation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Liu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiurong Li
- Department of Blood Purification, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hong Chu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Youwei Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Luan People's Hospital, Luan, China
| | - Zhuxing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chaoqing Gao
- Department of Hemodialysis, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Chen R, Wang J, Liao C, Zhang L, Guo Q, Wang X. Exploring the biomarkers and therapeutic mechanism of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome treated by You-gui pill using systems pharmacology and serum metabonomics. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1098-1115. [PMID: 35539000 PMCID: PMC9077015 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, systems pharmacology was used to predict the molecular targets of You-gui pill (YGP) and explore the therapeutic mechanism of Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome (KYDS) treated with YGP. On the basis of this, serum samples from control group, KYDS model group and YGP group rats were studied using 1H NMR to verify the results of systems pharmacology from the level of metabonomics. Simultaneously, 1H NMR spectra of serum samples were obtained and statistically assessed using pattern recognition analysis. Biochemical analyses of serums were performed via radioimmunoassays. Furthermore, histopathological studies were conducted on the pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid glands, and testicles of the control, KYDS and YGP rats. Using systems pharmacology to analyze the active components of YGP, 61 active compounds were finally found. These compounds were likely to have an effect on 3177 target proteins and involve 234 pathways. Using metabonomics to analyze serum from KYDS rats treated with YGP, 22 endogenous biomarkers were found. These biomarkers were mainly involved in 10 metabolic pathways. Combining systems pharmacology and metabonomics, we found that the regulation of KYDS was primarily associated with 19 active compounds of 5 Chinese herbal medicines in YGP. These active compounds mainly had an effect on 8 target proteins, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, betaine-homocysteine s-methyltransferase 1, alcohol dehydrogenase 1C, etc. These target proteins were primarily involved in 6 overlapping pathways, namely aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. In addition, there were 4 non-overlapping pathways, respectively alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and galactose metabolism. In summary, the therapeutic effects of YGP on KYDS were mainly associated with neuroendocrine regulation, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, oxidative stress and intestinal flora metabolism. What's more, we also found that YGP possessed the potential to protect liver and kidney function. Our study demonstrated that systems pharmacology and metabonomics methods were novel strategies for the exploration of the mechanisms of KYDS and TCM formulas. In this study, systems pharmacology was used to predict the molecular targets of You-gui pills (YGP) and explore the therapeutic mechanism of Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome (KYDS) treated with YGP.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqun Chen
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liao
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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22
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Benito S, Sánchez-Ortega A, Unceta N, Jansen JJ, Postma G, Andrade F, Aldámiz-Echevarria L, Buydens LMC, Goicolea MA, Barrio RJ. Plasma biomarker discovery for early chronic kidney disease diagnosis based on chemometric approaches using LC-QTOF targeted metabolomics data. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 149:46-56. [PMID: 29100030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive pathological condition in which renal function deteriorates in time. The first diagnosis of CKD is often carried out in general care attention by general practitioners by means of serum creatinine (CNN) levels. However, it lacks sensitivity and thus, there is a need for new robust biomarkers to allow the detection of kidney damage particularly in early stages. Multivariate data analysis of plasma concentrations obtained from LC-QTOF targeted metabolomics method may reveal metabolites suspicious of being either up-regulated or down-regulated from urea cycle, arginine methylation and arginine-creatine metabolic pathways in CKD pediatrics and controls. The results show that citrulline (CIT), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) are interesting biomarkers to support diagnosis by CNN: early CKD samples and controls were classified with an increase in classification accuracy of 18% when using these 4 metabolites compared to CNN alone. These metabolites together allow classification of the samples into a definite stage of the disease with an accuracy of 74%, being the 90% of the misclassifications one level above or below the CKD stage set by the nephrologists. Finally, sex-related, age-related and treatment-related effects were studied, to evaluate whether changes in metabolite concentration could be attributable to these factors, and to correct them in case a new equation is developed with these potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Ortega
- Central Service of Analysis (SGiker), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Laskaray Ikergunea, Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - N Unceta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J J Jansen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry-Chemometrics), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Postma
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry-Chemometrics), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Andrade
- Group of Metabolism, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - L Aldámiz-Echevarria
- Group of Metabolism, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - L M C Buydens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry-Chemometrics), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M A Goicolea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - R J Barrio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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23
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An isotope dilution capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7505-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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An L, Lang Q, Shen W, Shi Q, Feng F. Dynamic metabolic profiling of urine biomarkers in rats with alcohol-induced liver damage following treatment with Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2093-100. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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25
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Rosa J, Tiago DM, Marques CL, Vijayakumar P, Fonseca L, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Central role of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 in chondral ossification and evidence for sub-functionalization in neoteleost fish. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1373-87. [PMID: 27036080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the complex mechanisms of bone formation it is fundamental that genes central to signaling/regulatory pathways and matrix formation are identified. Cell systems were used to analyze genes differentially expressed during extracellular matrix mineralization and bhmt3, coding for a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, was shown to be down-regulated in mineralizing gilthead seabream cells. METHODS Levels and sites of bhmt3 expression were determined by qPCR and in situ hybridization throughout seabream development and in adult tissues. Transcriptional regulation of bhmt3 was assessed from the activity of promoter constructs controlling luciferase gene expression. Molecular phylogeny of vertebrate BHMT was determined from maximum likelihood analysis of available sequences. RESULTS bhmt3 transcript is abundant in calcified tissues and localized in cartilaginous structures undergoing endo/perichondral ossification. Promoter activity is regulated by transcription factors involved in bone and cartilage development, further demonstrating the central role of Bhmt3 in chondrogenesis and/or osteogenesis. Molecular phylogeny revealed the explosive diversity of bhmt genes in neoteleost fish, while tissue distribution of bhmt genes in seabream suggested that neoteleostean Bhmt may have undergone several steps of sub-functionalization. CONCLUSIONS Data on bhmt3 gene expression and promoter activity evidences a novel function for betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in bone and cartilage development, while phylogenetic analysis provides new insights into the evolution of vertebrate BHMTs and suggests that multiple gene duplication events occurred in neoteleost fish lineage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE High and specific expression of Bhmt3 in gilthead seabream calcified tissues suggests that bone-specific betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferases could represent a suitable marker of chondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel M Tiago
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cátia L Marques
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Luis Fonseca
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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26
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Du YF, Lin FY, Long WQ, Luo WP, Yan B, Xu M, Mo XF, Zhang CX. Serum betaine but not choline is inversely associated with breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1329-1337. [PMID: 26897124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choline and betaine are important for DNA methylation and synthesis, and may affect tumor carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the association between serum choline and betaine and breast cancer risk. This study aimed to examine whether serum choline and betaine were inversely associated with breast cancer risk among Chinese women. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study consecutively recruited 510 breast cancer cases and 518 frequency-matched (age and residence) controls, and blood samples were available for 500 cases and 500 controls. Serum choline and betaine were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS An inverse association with breast cancer risk was observed for serum betaine (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.47-0.97) and for the ratio of serum betaine to choline (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.70, 95 % CI 0.48-1.00), but not for serum choline (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.56-1.15). Serum betaine was inversely associated with breast cancer risk in subjects with below-median dietary folate intake (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.48, 95 % CI 0.30-0.77). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that serum betaine but not choline was inversely associated with breast cancer risk. This result needed to be further confirmed by the prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei-Qing Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei-Ping Luo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Mo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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27
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Bordbar A, Johansson PI, Paglia G, Harrison SJ, Wichuk K, Magnusdottir M, Valgeirsdottir S, Gybel-Brask M, Ostrowski SR, Palsson S, Rolfsson O, Sigurjónsson OE, Hansen MB, Gudmundsson S, Palsson BO. Identified metabolic signature for assessing red blood cell unit quality is associated with endothelial damage markers and clinical outcomes. Transfusion 2016; 56:852-62. [PMID: 26749434 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been interest in determining whether older red blood cell (RBC) units have negative clinical effects. Numerous observational studies have shown that older RBC units are an independent factor for patient mortality. However, recently published randomized clinical trials have shown no difference of clinical outcome for patients receiving old or fresh RBCs. An overlooked but essential issue in assessing RBC unit quality and ultimately designing the necessary clinical trials is a metric for what constitutes an old or fresh RBC unit. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty RBC units were profiled using quantitative metabolomics over 42 days of storage in SAGM with 3- to 4-day time intervals. Metabolic pathway usage during storage was assessed using systems biology methods. The detected time intervals of the metabolic states were compared to clinical outcomes. RESULTS Using multivariate statistics, we identified a nonlinear decay process exhibiting three distinct metabolic states (Days 0-10, 10-17, and 17-42). Hematologic variables traditionally measured in the transfusion setting (e.g., pH, hemolysis, RBC indices) did not distinguish these three states. Systemic changes in pathway usage occurred between the three states, with key pathways changing in both magnitude and direction. Finally, an association was found between the time periods of the metabolic states with the clinical outcomes of more than 280,000 patients in the country of Denmark transfused over the past 15 years and endothelial damage markers in healthy volunteers undergoing autologous transfusions. CONCLUSION The state of RBC metabolism may be a better indicator of cellular quality than traditional hematologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pär I Johansson
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshopitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Scott J Harrison
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristine Wichuk
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Mikkel Gybel-Brask
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshopitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshopitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sirus Palsson
- Sinopia Biosciences, San Diego, California.,Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E Sigurjónsson
- Blood Bank, Landspitali-University Hospital.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Morten B Hansen
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshopitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Murray TVA, Dong X, Sawyer GJ, Caldwell A, Halket J, Sherwood R, Quaglia A, Dew T, Anilkumar N, Burr S, Mistry RK, Martin D, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Hughes RD, Shah AM, Brewer AC. NADPH oxidase 4 regulates homocysteine metabolism and protects against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:918-30. [PMID: 26472193 PMCID: PMC4698376 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is the major intracellular redox buffer in the liver and is critical for hepatic detoxification of xenobiotics and other environmental toxins. Hepatic glutathione is also a major systemic store for other organs and thus impacts on pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Sickle Cell Anaemia and chronic diseases associated with aging. Glutathione levels are determined in part by the availability of cysteine, generated from homocysteine through the transsulfuration pathway. The partitioning of homocysteine between remethylation and transsulfuration pathways is known to be subject to redox-dependent regulation, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. An association between plasma Hcy and a single nucleotide polymorphism within the NADPH oxidase 4 locus led us to investigate the involvement of this reactive oxygen species- generating enzyme in homocysteine metabolism. Here we demonstrate that NADPH oxidase 4 ablation in mice results in increased flux of homocysteine through the betaine-dependent remethylation pathway to methionine, catalysed by betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase within the liver. As a consequence NADPH oxidase 4-null mice display significantly lowered plasma homocysteine and the flux of homocysteine through the transsulfuration pathway is reduced, resulting in lower hepatic cysteine and glutathione levels. Mice deficient in NADPH oxidase 4 had markedly increased susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury which could be corrected by administration of N-acetyl cysteine. We thus conclude that under physiological conditions, NADPH oxidase 4-derived reactive oxygen species is a regulator of the partitioning of the metabolic flux of homocysteine, which impacts upon hepatic cysteine and glutathione levels and thereby upon defence against environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V A Murray
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Greta J Sawyer
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Anna Caldwell
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, King's College London, FWB, 150 Stamford Street London E1 9NH
| | - John Halket
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, King's College London, FWB, 150 Stamford Street London E1 9NH
| | - Roy Sherwood
- NHS Foundation Trust, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS
| | - Tracy Dew
- NHS Foundation Trust, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS
| | - Narayana Anilkumar
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Simon Burr
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Rajesh K Mistry
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Daniel Martin
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robin D Hughes
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD
| | - Alison C Brewer
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London E5 0AD.
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Zhang ZH, Wei F, Vaziri ND, Cheng XL, Bai X, Lin RC, Zhao YY. Metabolomics insights into chronic kidney disease and modulatory effect of rhubarb against tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14472. [PMID: 26412413 PMCID: PMC4585987 DOI: 10.1038/srep14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Rhubarb has been shown to have nephroprotective and anti-fibrotic activities in patients with CKD. However, bioactive fractions and biochemical mechanism of anti-fibrotic properties of rhubarb remain unclear. Here we applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry together with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to investigate the urinary metabolite profile in rats with adenine-induced CKD treated with the petroleum ether (PE)-, ethyl acetate (EA)- and n-butanol (BU)- extracts of rhubarb. Significant differences in renal function, kidney histopathology as well as metabolic profiles were observed between CKD and control rats. Changes in these parameters reflected characteristic phenotypes of CKD rats. We further identified a series of differential urinary metabolites for CKD rats, suggesting metabolic dysfunction in pathway of amino acid, purine, taurine, and choline metabolisms. Treatment with EA, BU and PE extracts of rhubarb improved renal function and histopathological abnormalities including interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of the urinary metabolites. Among them, the nephroprotective effect of EA extract was stronger than BU and PE extracts. This work provides important mechanistic insights into the CKD and nephroprotective effects of different rhubarb extract against tubulo-interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, MedSci 1, C352, UCI Campus, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Bai
- Solution Centre, Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., No. 1000 Jinhai Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, MedSci 1, C352, UCI Campus, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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Extreme urinary betaine losses in type 2 diabetes combined with bezafibrate treatment are associated with losses of dimethylglycine and choline but not with increased losses of other osmolytes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:459-68. [PMID: 25060556 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Betaine deficiency is a probable cardiovascular risk factor and a cause of elevated homocysteine. Urinary betaine excretion is increased by fibrate treatment, and is also often elevated in diabetes. Does fibrate further increase betaine excretion in diabetes, and does it affect the plasma concentrations and excretions of related metabolites and of other osmolytes? METHODS Samples from a previous study of type 2 diabetes were selected if participants were taking bezafibrate (n = 32). These samples were compared with participants matched for age and gender and not on a fibrate (comparator group, n = 64). Betaine, related metabolites, and osmolytes were measured in plasma and urine samples from these 96 participants. RESULTS Median urinary betaine excretion in those on bezafibrate was 5-fold higher than in the comparator group (p < 0.001), itself 3.5-fold higher than the median reported for healthy populations. In the bezafibrate group, median dimethylglycine excretion was higher (9-fold, p < 0.001). Excretions of choline, and of the osmolytes myo-inositol, taurine and glycerophosphorylcholine, were not significantly different between groups. Some participants excreted more betaine than usual dietary intakes. Several betaine fractional clearances were >100 %. Betaine excretion correlated with excretions of the osmolytes myo-inositol and glycerophosphorylcholine, and also with the excretion of choline and N,N-dimethylglycine, but it was inconclusive whether these relationships were affected by bezafibrate therapy. CONCLUSIONS Increased urinary betaine excretions in type 2 diabetes are further increased by fibrate treatment, sometimes to more than their dietary intake. Concurrent betaine supplementation may be beneficial.
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31
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Øyen J, Svingen GFT, Gjesdal CG, Tell GS, Ueland PM, Lysne V, Apalset EM, Meyer K, Vollset SE, Nygård OK. Plasma dimethylglycine, nicotine exposure and risk of low bone mineral density and hip fracture: the Hordaland Health Study. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1573-83. [PMID: 25616506 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the large community-based Hordaland Health Study, low plasma dimethylglycine was associated with low bone mineral density in both middle-aged and elderly subjects and to an increased risk of subsequent hip fracture among the elderly. These associations seemed to be particularly strong among subjects exposed to nicotine. INTRODUCTION Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a product of the choline oxidation pathway and formed from betaine during the folate-independent remethylation of homocysteine (Hcy) to methionine. Elevated plasma DMG levels are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and inflammation, which in turn are related to osteoporosis. High plasma total Hcy and low plasma choline are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and hip fractures, but the role of plasma DMG in bone health is unknown. METHODS We studied the associations of plasma DMG with BMD among 5315 participants (46-49 and 71-74 years old) and with hip fracture among 3310 participants (71-74 years old) enrolled in the Hordaland Health Study. RESULTS In age and sex-adjusted logistic regression models, subjects in the lowest versus highest DMG tertile were more likely to have low BMD (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43-1.99). The association was stronger in participants exposed compared to those unexposed to nicotine (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.73-3.07 and OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.16-1.75, respectively, p interaction = 0.008). In the older cohort, Cox regression analyses adjusted for sex showed that low plasma DMG was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (hazard ratio [HR] 1.70, 95% CI 1.28-2.26). A trend toward an even higher risk was found among women exposed to nicotine (HR 3.41, 95% CI 1.40-8.28). CONCLUSION Low plasma DMG was associated with low BMD and increased risk of hip fractures. A potential effect modification by nicotine exposure merits particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Øyen
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,
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Naresh Chary V, Sudarshana Reddy B, Kumar CD, Srinivas R, Prabhakar S. Characterization of N,N-dimethyl amino acids by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:771-781. [PMID: 26259661 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methylation is an essential metabolic process for a number of critical reactions in the body. Methyl groups are involved in the healthy function of the body life processes, by conducting methylation process involving specific enzymes. In these processes, various amino acids are methylated, and the occurrence of methylated amino acids in nature is diverse. Nowadays, mass-spectrometric-based identification of small molecules as biomarkers for diseases is a growing research. Although all dimethyl amino acids are metabolically important molecules, mass spectral data are available only for a few of them in the literature. In this study, we report synthesis and characterization of all dimethyl amino acids, by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments on protonated molecules. The MS/MS spectra of all the studied dimethyl amino acids showed preliminary loss of H2O + CO to form corresponding immonium ions. The other product ions in the spectra are highly characteristic of the methyl groups on the nitrogen and side chain of the amino acids. The amino acids, which are isomeric and isobaric with the studied dimethyl amino acids, gave distinctive MS/MS spectra. The study also included MS/MS analysis of immonium ions of dimethyl amino acids that provide information on side chain structure, and it is further tested to determine the N-terminal amino acid of the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Naresh Chary
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - B Sudarshana Reddy
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Ch Dinesh Kumar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - R Srinivas
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - S Prabhakar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
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Lever M, George PM, Slow S, Bellamy D, Young JM, Ho M, McEntyre CJ, Elmslie JL, Atkinson W, Molyneux SL, Troughton RW, Frampton CM, Richards AM, Chambers ST. Betaine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide as Predictors of Cardiovascular Outcomes Show Different Patterns in Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114969. [PMID: 25493436 PMCID: PMC4262445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betaine is a major osmolyte, also important in methyl group metabolism. Concentrations of betaine, its metabolite dimethylglycine and analog trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in blood are cardiovascular risk markers. Diabetes disturbs betaine: does diabetes alter associations between betaine-related measures and cardiovascular risk? METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 475 subjects four months after discharge following an acute coronary admission. Death (n = 81), secondary acute MI (n = 87), admission for heart failure (n = 85), unstable angina (n = 72) and all cardiovascular events (n = 283) were recorded (median follow-up: 1804 days). RESULTS High and low metabolite concentrations were defined as top or bottom quintile of the total cohort. In subjects with diabetes (n = 79), high plasma betaine was associated with increased frequencies of events; significantly for heart failure, hazard ratio 3.1 (1.2-8.2) and all cardiovascular events, HR 2.8 (1.4-5.5). In subjects without diabetes (n = 396), low plasma betaine was associated with events; significantly for secondary myocardial infarction, HR 2.1 (1.2-3.6), unstable angina, HR 2.3 (1.3-4.0), and all cardiovascular events, HR 1.4 (1.0-1.9). In diabetes, high TMAO was a marker of all outcomes, HR 2.7 (1.1-7.1) for death, 4.0 (1.6-9.8) for myocardial infarction, 4.6 (2.0-10.7) for heart failure, 9.1 (2.8-29.7) for unstable angina and 2.0 (1.1-3.6) for all cardiovascular events. In subjects without diabetes TMAO was only significant for death, HR 2.7 (1.6-4.8) and heart failure, HR 1.9 (1.1-3.4). Adding the estimated glomerular filtration rate to Cox regression models tended to increase the apparent risks associated with low betaine. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma betaine concentration is a marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes; conversely low plasma betaine concentrations indicate increased risk in the absence of diabetes. We speculate that the difference reflects control of osmolyte retention in tissues. Elevated plasma TMAO is a strong risk marker in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lever
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter M. George
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandy Slow
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David Bellamy
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joanna M. Young
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Markus Ho
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Jane L. Elmslie
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Atkinson
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Molyneux
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard W. Troughton
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M. Frampton
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A. Mark Richards
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen T. Chambers
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Svingen GFT, Schartum-Hansen H, Ueland PM, Pedersen ER, Seifert R, Ebbing M, Bønaa KH, Mellgren G, Nilsen DWT, Nordrehaug JE, Øyen J, Nygård O. Elevated plasma dimethylglycine is a risk marker of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:743-52. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487314529351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gard FT Svingen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Hall Schartum-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Reinhard Seifert
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marta Ebbing
- Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Kaare H Bønaa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dennis WT Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Jannike Øyen
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, Bergen, Norway
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Tveitevåg Svingen GF, Ueland PM, Pedersen EKR, Schartum-Hansen H, Seifert R, Ebbing M, Løland KH, Tell GS, Nygård O. Plasma Dimethylglycine and Risk of Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2041-8. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Dimethylglycine is linked to lipid metabolism, and increased plasma levels may be associated with adverse prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. We evaluated the relationship between plasma dimethylglycine and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction in a large prospective cohort of patients with stable angina pectoris, of whom approximately two thirds were participants in a B-vitamin intervention trial. Model discrimination and reclassification when adding plasma dimethylglycine to established risk factors were obtained. We also explored temporal changes and the test–retest reliability of plasma dimethylglycine.
Approach and Results—
Four thousand one hundred fifty patients (72% men; median age 62 years) were included. Plasma dimethylglycine was associated with several traditional coronary artery disease risk factors. During a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 343 (8.3%) patients experienced an acute myocardial infarction. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for acute myocardial infarction was 1.95 (1.42–2.68;
P
<0.001) when comparing plasma dimethylglycine quartile 4 to 1 in a Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, and fasting status. Adjusting for traditional coronary artery disease risk factors only slightly modified the estimates, which were particularly strong among nonsmokers and among patients with serum triglyceride or apolipoprotein B100 levels ≤median (
P
for interaction=0.004, 0.004, and 0.03, respectively). Plasma dimethylglycine improved discrimination and reclassification and had high test–retest reliability.
Conclusions—
Plasma dimethylglycine is independently related to incident acute myocardial infarction and enhances risk prediction in patients with stable angina pectoris. Our results motivate further studies on the relationship between 1-carbon metabolism and atherothrombosis. A potential interplay with lipid and energy metabolism merits particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gard Frodahl Tveitevåg Svingen
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Eva Kristine Ringdal Pedersen
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Hall Schartum-Hansen
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Reinhard Seifert
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Marta Ebbing
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Kjetil Halvorsen Løland
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Grethe S. Tell
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
| | - Ottar Nygård
- From the Department of Clinical Science (G.F.T.S., E.K.R.P., P.M.U., K.H.L., O.N.), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (G.S.T.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.S.H., R.S., O.N.); and Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (M.E.)
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Pakfetrat M, Shahroodi JR, Zolgadr AA, Larie HA, Nikoo MH, Malekmakan L. Effects of zinc supplement on plasma homocysteine level in end-stage renal disease patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:11-5. [PMID: 23475369 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased homocysteine (hCys) level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of zinc (Zn) supplement on serum hCys level in ESRD patients. One hundred ESRD patients with Zn deficiency were enrolled in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. They were randomly subdivided into two groups and supplemented with Zn (Zn group) or placebo (control group) for 6 weeks. Fasting plasma hCys and Zn levels were measured before and at 43rd days after the start of the study. Serum Zn levels increased significantly (p < 0.0001), in Zn-treated group in comparison to placebo-treated group. In the Zn-treated group, serum hCys levels reduced significantly (p < 0.0001), compared to placebo group (p > 0.05). There was a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction of mean percentage of hCys in Zn-treated group compared to the placebo group. Our study showed that Zn supplementation decreases serum hCys levels in ESRD patients with Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pakfetrat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang LF, Hu XJ, Peng RY, Wang SM, Gao YB, Dong J, Zhao L, Li X, Zuo HY, Wang CZ, Gao RL, Su ZT, Feng XX. Application of 1H-NMR-based metabolomics for detecting injury induced by long-term microwave exposure in Wistar rats’ urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:69-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Saadat N, IglayReger HB, Myers MG, Bodary P, Gupta SV. Differences in metabolomic profiles of male db/db and s/s, leptin receptor mutant mice. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:374-81. [PMID: 22318992 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00081.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a protein hormone secreted by adipose tissue, plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism and the immune response. Despite similar extremes of adiposity, mutant mouse models, db/db, carrying spontaneous deletion of the active form of the leptin receptor (LEPR-B) intracellular signaling domain, and the s/s, carrying a specific point mutation leading to a dysfunctional LEPR-B-STAT3 signaling pathway, have been shown to have robust differences in glucose homeostasis. This suggests specific effects of leptin, mediated by non-STAT3 LEPR-B pathways. Differences in the LEPR-B signaling pathways in these two LEPR-B mutant mice models are expected to lead to differences in metabolism. In the current study, the hypothesized differences in metabolism were investigated using the metabolomics approach. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HNMR) was conducted on 24 h urine samples in deuterium oxide using a 500 MHz instrument at 25°C. Principle Component Analysis showed clear separation of urine NMR spectra between the groups (P < 0.05). The CHENOMX metabolite database was used to identify several metabolites that differed between the two mouse models. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in metabolites associated with the glycine, serine, and homocysteine metabolism were observed. The results demonstrate that the metabolomic profile of db/db and s/s mice are fundamentally different and provide insight into the unique metabolic effects of leptin exerted through non-STAT3 LEPR-B pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saadat
- Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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LIU Y, LIU YQ, MORITA T, SUGIYAMA K. Effects of Betaine Supplementation and Choline Deficiency on Folate Deficiency-Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012; 58:69-77. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.58.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Toyohara T, Suzuki T, Akiyama Y, Yoshihara D, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Kikuchi K, Suzuki C, Tanemoto M, Ito S, Nagao S, Soga T, Abe T. Metabolomic profiling of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease rat model. Clin Exp Nephrol 2011; 15:676-687. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-011-0467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ueland PM. Choline and betaine in health and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:3-15. [PMID: 20446114 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient, but is also formed by de novo synthesis. Choline and its derivatives serve as components of structural lipoproteins, blood and membrane lipids, and as a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Pre-and postnatal choline availability is important for neurodevelopment in rodents. Choline is oxidized to betaine that serves as an osmoregulator and is a substrate in the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase reaction, which links choline and betaine to the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism. Choline and betaine are important sources of one-carbon units, in particular, during folate deficiency. Choline or betaine supplementation in humans reduces concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy), and plasma betaine is a strong predictor of plasma tHcy in individuals with low plasma concentration of folate and other B vitamins (B₂, B₆, and B₁₂) in combination TT genotype of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C->T polymorphism. The link to one-carbon metabolism and the recent availability of food composition data have motivated studies on choline and betaine as risk factors of chronic diseases previously studied in relation to folate and homocysteine status. High intake and plasma level of choline in the mother seems to afford reduced risk of neural tube defects. Intake of choline and betaine shows no consistent relation to cancer or cardiovascular risk or risk factors, whereas an unfavorable cardiovascular risk factor profile was associated with high choline and low betaine concentrations in plasma. Thus, choline and betaine showed opposite relations with key components of metabolic syndrome, suggesting a disruption of mitochondrial choline oxidation to betaine as part of the mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Section for Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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MacLellan DL, Mataija D, Doucette A, Huang W, Langlois C, Trottier G, Burton IW, Walter JA, Karakach TK. Alterations in urinary metabolites due to unilateral ureteral obstruction in a rodent model. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2181-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lever M, Slow S. The clinical significance of betaine, an osmolyte with a key role in methyl group metabolism. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:732-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Alterations in urine, serum and brain metabolomic profiles exhibit sexual dimorphism during malaria disease progression. Malar J 2010; 9:110. [PMID: 20412601 PMCID: PMC2873523 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic changes in the host in response to Plasmodium infection play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of malaria. Alterations in metabolism of male and female mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA are reported here. Methods 1H NMR spectra of urine, sera and brain extracts of these mice were analysed over disease progression using Principle Component Analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis. Results Analyses of overall changes in urinary profiles during disease progression demonstrate that females show a significant early post-infection shift in metabolism as compared to males. In contrast, serum profiles of female mice remain unaltered in the early infection stages; whereas that of the male mice changed. Brain metabolite profiles do not show global changes in the early stages of infection in either sex. By the late stages urine, serum and brain profiles of both sexes are severely affected. Analyses of individual metabolites show significant increase in lactate, alanine and lysine, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid in sera of both males and females at this stage. Early changes in female urine are marked by an increase of ureidopropionate, lowering of carnitine and transient enhancement of asparagine and dimethylglycine. Several metabolites when analysed individually in sera and brain reveal significant changes in their levels in the early phase of infection mainly in female mice. Asparagine and dimethylglycine levels decrease and quinolinic acid increases early in sera of infected females. In brain extracts of females, an early rise in levels is also observed for lactate, alanine and glycerol, kynurenic acid, ureidopropionate and 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyrate. Conclusions These results suggest that P. berghei infection leads to impairment of glycolysis, lipid metabolism, metabolism of tryptophan and degradation of uracil. Characterization of early changes along these pathways may be crucial for prognosis and better disease management. Additionally, the distinct sexual dimorphism exhibited in these responses has a bearing on the understanding of the pathophysiology of malaria.
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Toyohara T, Suzuki T, Morimoto R, Akiyama Y, Souma T, Shiwaku HO, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Abe M, Tanemoto M, Masuda S, Kawano H, Maemura K, Nakayama M, Sato H, Mikkaichi T, Yamaguchi H, Fukui S, Fukumoto Y, Shimokawa H, Inui KI, Terasaki T, Goto J, Ito S, Hishinuma T, Rubera I, Tauc M, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Yabuuchi H, Moriyama Y, Soga T, Abe T. SLCO4C1 transporter eliminates uremic toxins and attenuates hypertension and renal inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:2546-55. [PMID: 19875811 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) strongly associates with cardiovascular events. Among patients with CKD, reducing the accumulation of uremic toxins may protect against the development of hypertension and progression of renal damage, but there are no established therapies to accomplish this. Here, overexpression of human kidney-specific organic anion transporter SLCO4C1 in rat kidney reduced hypertension, cardiomegaly, and inflammation in the setting of renal failure. In addition, SLCO4C1 overexpression decreased plasma levels of the uremic toxins guanidino succinate, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and the newly identified trans-aconitate. We found that xenobiotic responsive element core motifs regulate SLCO4C1 transcription, and various statins, which act as inducers of nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptors, upregulate SLCO4C1 transcription. Pravastatin, which is cardioprotective, increased the clearance of asymmetric dimethylarginine and trans-aconitate in renal failure. These data suggest that drugs that upregulate SLCO4C1 may have therapeutic potential for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Toyohara
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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Lever M, Atkinson W, Slow S, Chambers ST, George PM. Plasma and urine betaine and dimethylglycine variation in healthy young male subjects. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:706-12. [PMID: 19217890 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the individuality (within subject consistency) of plasma and urine betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine. DESIGN AND METHODS In two separate groups of 8 males (ages 19 to 40), plasma (10) and urine (6) samples were collected either over a single day or over an 8 week period. The individuality of the betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine plasma concentrations and excretions were estimated by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. The reliability coefficients and indices of individuality were calculated. The between-subject variation in the study population was compared with that in a normal population (n=192 for plasma, 205 for urine). RESULTS Plasma betaine concentrations were significantly different between subjects over 24 h and 8 weeks (p<0.00001). Plasma dimethylglycine concentrations were different over 24 h. Urine betaine and dimethylglycine excretions were different in both (p<0.0001). Betaine was more individual than dimethylglycine in both plasma and urine. Compared with a normal healthy population, the between-subject variation in plasma betaine was less (p<0.001) in the study group, but similar for dimethylglycine and for urine betaine. CONCLUSIONS Plasma betaine and urinary betaine excretions are more individual than dimethylglycine. Plasma and urine betaine are highly individual in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lever
- Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Wei L, Liao P, Wu H, Li X, Pei F, Li W, Wu Y. Metabolic profiling studies on the toxicological effects of realgar in rats by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 234:314-25. [PMID: 19073202 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological effects of realgar after intragastrical administration (1 g/kg body weight) were investigated over a 21 day period in male Wistar rats using metabonomic analysis of (1)H NMR spectra of urine, serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts. Liver and kidney histopathology examination and serum clinical chemistry analyses were also performed. (1)H NMR spectra and pattern recognition analyses from realgar treated animals showed increased excretion of urinary Kreb's cycle intermediates, increased levels of ketone bodies in urine and serum, and decreased levels of hepatic glucose and glycogen, as well as hypoglycemia and hyperlipoidemia, suggesting the perturbation of energy metabolism. Elevated levels of choline containing metabolites and betaine in serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts and increased serum creatine indicated altered transmethylation. Decreased urinary levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, phenylacetylglycine and hippurate suggested the effects on the gut microflora environment by realgar. Signs of impairment of amino acid metabolism were supported by increased hepatic glutamate levels, increased methionine and decreased alanine levels in serum, and hypertaurinuria. The observed increase in glutathione in liver tissue aqueous extracts could be a biomarker of realgar induced oxidative injury. Serum clinical chemistry analyses showed increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicating slight liver and kidney injury. The time-dependent biochemical variations induced by realgar were achieved using pattern recognition methods. This work illustrated the high reliability of NMR-based metabonomic approach on the study of the biochemical effects induced by traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous substances qualify as uremic toxins by fulfilling all properties characterizing such compounds. However, their role in the development of uremic state maybe ambiguous. We followed these properties on the example of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (Met2PY) from the nicotinamide end-products family. The aim of this study was to determine if these uremic compounds are toxic in all circumstances. METHODS To establish a direct toxic effect, a cytotoxicity test was performed. The influence of Met2PY on DNA damage in cultured cells was measured, using a comet assay. For in vitro experiments, Moly (L5178Y), LLCPK-1, and A549 cell lines were used. We used 250 microM H2O2 and 200 ng/mL angiotensin II (ANGII) as damaging factors. RESULTS A direct cytotoxic effect of Met2PY on Moly cells was observed. In LLC-PK1 cells, co-incubation with 0.03 mM Met2PY protected cells against the DNA damage caused by ANG II. In A549 cells, the action of Met2PY was ambiguous. At lower concentrations (1 and 3 mM), it showed protective effects, although 10 mM Met2PY increased the toxic effect of 250 microM H2O2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Met2PY is not always toxic or harmful. In some circumstances, it may even express beneficial and protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Internal Diseases, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland.
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Chalmers L, Kaskel FJ, Bamgbola O. The role of obesity and its bioclinical correlates in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2006; 13:352-64. [PMID: 17045221 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In spite of a progressive fall in the incidence of traditional risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity (cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia), there is an upward trend in the prevalence of obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between body mass indices and the relative risk of progression of CKD. The close biophysiological interaction between obesity and CKD is evident by a similar occurrence of comorbidities including insulin resistance, hyperlipidermia, endothelial dysfunction, and sleep disorders. Truncal obesity is a primary component of metabolic syndrome; unlike peripheral fat, the visceral adipocytes are more resistant to insulin. In addition, lipolysis results in a release of free fatty acid and TG, whereas hypertriglycedemia is potentiated by uremic activation of fatty acid synthase. Hypertriglycedemia and low HDL cholesterol increase the relative risk of progression of CKD. Furthermore, endothelial inflammation and premature atherosclerosis are promoted by hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidation of LDL, both of which are commonly observed in CKD and obesity. Predominance of oxidative stress in both obesity and azotemia stimulate synthesis of angiotensin II, which in turn increases TGF-B and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, thereby propagating glomerular fibrosis. Furthermore, local synthesis of angiotensinogen by adipocytes, leptin activation of sympathetic nervous system, and hyperinsulinemia contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity and CKD. In addition, increased renal tubular expression of Na-K-ATPase and a blunted response to natiuretic hormones in obesity promote salt and water retention. Glomerular hyperfiltration from systemic volume load and hypertension results in mesangial cellular proliferation and progressive renal fibrosis. In addition, maternal nutritional deprivation increases the incidence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in adulthood. Reduced fetal protein synthesis contributes to oxidative glomerular injury and impairment of renal morphogenesis. Thus, kidneys are poorly equipped to handle physiologic stress that may result from the rapid body growth and programmed metabolic dysfunction later in life. Finally, in order to minimize morbidity of obesity-related kidney disease, preventive strategy must include optimal maternal health care, promotion of healthy nutrition and routine physical exercise, and early detection of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chalmers
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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