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Jiao H, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Microglia, circadian rhythm and lifestyle factors. Neuropharmacology 2024:110029. [PMID: 38852838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, a vital homeostasis-keeper of the central nervous system, perform critical functions such as synaptic pruning, clearance of cellular debris, and participation in neuroinflammatory processes. Recent research has shown that microglia exhibit strong circadian rhythms that not only actively regulate their own immune activity, but also affect neuronal function. Disruptions of the circadian clock have been linked to a higher risk of developing a variety of diseases. In this article we will provide an overview of how lifestyle factors impact microglial function, with a focus on disruptions caused by irregular sleep-wake patterns, reduced physical activity, and eating at the wrong time-of-day. We will also discuss the potential connection between these lifestyle factors, disrupted circadian rhythms, and the role of microglia in keeping brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ezrokhi M, Zhang Y, Luo S, Cincotta AH. Time-of-Day-Dependent Effects of Bromocriptine to Ameliorate Vascular Pathology and Metabolic Syndrome in SHR Rats Held on High Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116142. [PMID: 34200262 PMCID: PMC8201259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with bromocriptine-QR, a unique, quick release micronized formulation of bromocriptine, improves glycemic control and reduces adverse cardiovascular events. While the improvement of glycemic control is largely the result of improved postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin action, the mechanisms underlying the drug's cardioprotective effects are less well defined. Bromocriptine is a sympatholytic dopamine agonist and reduces the elevated sympathetic tone, characteristic of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, which potentiates elevations of vascular oxidative/nitrosative stress, known to precipitate cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of bromocriptine treatment upon biomarkers of vascular oxidative/nitrosative stress (including the pro-oxidative/nitrosative stress enzymes of NADPH oxidase 4, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative marker GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH 1), and the pro-vascular health enzyme, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) as well as the plasma level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a circulating marker of systemic oxidative stress), in hypertensive SHR rats held on a high fat diet to induce metabolic syndrome. Inasmuch as the central nervous system (CNS) dopaminergic activities both regulate and are regulated by CNS circadian pacemaker circuitry, this study also investigated the time-of-day-dependent effects of bromocriptine treatment (10 mg/kg/day at either 13 or 19 h after the onset of light (at the natural waking time or late during the activity period, respectively) among animals held on 14 h daily photoperiods for 16 days upon such vascular biomarkers of vascular redox state, several metabolic syndrome parameters, and mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) mRNA expression levels of neuropeptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) which regulate the peripheral fuel metabolism and of mRNA expression of other MBH glial and neuronal cell genes that support such metabolism regulating neurons in this model system. Such bromocriptine treatment at ZT 13 improved (reduced) biomarkers of vascular oxidative/nitrosative stress including plasma TBARS level, aortic NADPH oxidase 4, iNOS and GTPCH 1 levels, and improved other markers of coupled eNOS function, including increased sGC protein level, relative to controls. However, bromocriptine treatment at ZT 19 produced no improvement in either coupled eNOS function or sGC protein level. Moreover, such ZT 13 bromocriptine treatment reduced several metabolic syndrome parameters including fasting insulin and leptin levels, as well as elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, body fat store levels and liver fat content, however, such effects of ZT 19 bromocriptine treatment were largely absent versus control. Finally, ZT 13 bromocriptine treatment reduced MBH NPY and AgRP mRNA levels and mRNA levels of several MBH glial cell/neuronal genes that code for neuronal support/plasticity proteins (suggesting a shift in neuronal structure/function to a new metabolic control state) while ZT 19 treatment reduced only AgRP, not NPY, and was with very little effect on such MBH glial cell genes expression. These findings indicate that circadian-timed bromocriptine administration at the natural circadian peak of CNS dopaminergic activity (that is diminished in insulin resistant states), but not outside this daily time window when such CNS dopaminergic activity is naturally low, produces widespread improvements in biomarkers of vascular oxidative stress that are associated with the amelioration of metabolic syndrome and reductions in MBH neuropeptides and gene expressions known to facilitate metabolic syndrome. These results of such circadian-timed bromocriptine treatment upon vascular pathology provide potential mechanisms for the observed marked reductions in adverse cardiovascular events with circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR therapy (similarly timed to the onset of daily waking as in this study) of type 2 diabetes subjects and warrant further investigations into related mechanisms and the potential application of such intervention to prediabetes and metabolic syndrome patients as well.
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Segal JP, Tresidder KA, Bhatt C, Gilron I, Ghasemlou N. Circadian control of pain and neuroinflammation. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:1002-1020. [PMID: 28865126 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of a neuroinflammatory response to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain have been highlighted in recent years. Inflammatory cells contributing to this response include circulating immune cells such as monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as microglia in the central nervous system. Pain signals are transmitted via sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, which express various receptors and channels that respond to mediators secreted from these inflammatory cells. Chronobiological rhythms, which include the 24-hr circadian cycle, have recently been shown to regulate both nervous and immune cell activity and function. This review examines the current literature on chronobiological control of neuroinflammatory processes, with a focus on inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. While the majority of this work has stemmed from observational studies in humans, recent advances in using animal models have highlighted distinct mechanisms underlying these interactions. Better understanding interactions between the circadian and neuroimmune systems can help guide the development of new treatments and provide improved care for patients suffering from acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Segal
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn A Tresidder
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charvi Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Junien C, Panchenko P, Pirola L, Amarger V, Kaeffer B, Parnet P, Torrisani J, Bolaños Jimenez F, Jammes H, Gabory A. [The new paradigm of the developmental origin of health and diseases (DOHaD)--Epigenetics and environment: evidence and missing links]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:27-34. [PMID: 26850604 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the new paradigm of the Developpemental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), the environmental factors to which an individual is exposed throughout his life can leave an epigenetic footprint on the genome. A crucial period is the early development, where the epigenome is particularly sensitive to the effects of the environment, and during which the individual builds up his health capital that will enable him to respond more or less well to the vagaries of life. The research challenge is to decipher the modes of action and the epigenetic mechanisms put into play by environmental factors that lead to increased disease susceptibility or resilience. The challenge for health is to translate these scientific discoveries into action through, among others, the establishment of preventive recommendations to slow down the growing incidence of non communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Junien
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Polina Panchenko
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Amarger
- UMR 1280 Inra université de Nantes, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- UMR 1280 Inra université de Nantes, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- UMR 1280 Inra université de Nantes, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Torrisani
- Inserm UMR1037, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Toulouse, université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31037 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hélène Jammes
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Becquet D, Boyer B, Rasolonjanahary R, Brue T, Guillen S, Moreno M, Franc JL, François-Bellan AM. Evidence for an internal and functional circadian clock in rat pituitary cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:888-98. [PMID: 24239982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In primary cultures of rat pituitary cells and in a pituitary sommatolactotroph cell line (GH4C1), endogenous core-clock- as well as hormone-genes such as prolactin displayed a rhythmic expression pattern, fitted by a sinusoidal equation in which the period value was close to the circadian one. This is consistent with the presence of a functional circadian oscillator in pituitary cells whose importance was ascertained in GH4C1 cell lines stably expressing a dominant negative mutant of BMAL1. In these cells, both endogenous core-clock- and prolactin-genes no more displayed a circadian pattern. Some genes we recently identified as mouse pituitary BMAL1-regulated genes in a DNA-microarray study, lost their circadian pattern in these cells, suggesting that BMAL1 controlled these genes locally in the pituitary. The intra-pituitary circadian oscillator could then play a role in the physiology of the gland that would not be seen anymore as a structure only driven by hypothalamic rhythmic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Becquet
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Boyer
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thierry Brue
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Guillen
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mathias Moreno
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Franc
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Delezie J, Pévet P, Challet É. [When our metabolic health depends on our internal clocks]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:687-9. [PMID: 22920864 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012288004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Adiposity/genetics
- Animals
- Biological Clocks/genetics
- Biological Clocks/physiology
- Chronobiology Disorders/genetics
- Chronobiology Disorders/metabolism
- Chronobiology Disorders/physiopathology
- Circadian Rhythm
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Energy Intake
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Energy Metabolism/physiology
- Enzyme Induction
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/etiology
- Hyperglycemia/physiopathology
- Lipid Metabolism/physiology
- Lipoprotein Lipase/deficiency
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/deficiency
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/physiology
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
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Guillaumond F, Becquet D, Boyer B, Bosler O, Delaunay F, Franc JL, François-Bellan AM. DNA microarray analysis and functional profile of pituitary transcriptome under core-clock protein BMAL1 control. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:103-30. [PMID: 22324551 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2011.645707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known to contain five cell types that synthesize and release hormones with a circadian pattern, the pituitary gland is poorly characterized as a circadian oscillator. By a differential microarray analysis, 252 genes were found to be differentially expressed in pituitaries from Bmal1(-/-) knockout versus wild-type mice. By integrative analyses of the data set with the Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) Bioinformatics Resources annotation analysis system, pituitary genes with altered expression in Bmal1(-/-) mice were dispatched among functional categories. Clusters of genes related to signaling and rhythmic processes as well as transcription regulators, in general, were found enriched in the data set, as were pathways such as circadian rhythm, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. Gene Ontology term overrepresentation analyses revealed significant enrichment for genes involved in 10 key biological processes. To determine whether genes with altered expression in Bmal1(-/-) mice were actually circadian genes, we further characterized in the mouse pituitary gland the daily pattern of some of these genes, including core-clock genes. Core-clock genes and genes selected from three identified overrepresented biological processes, namely, hormone metabolic process, regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, and cell adhesion, displayed a rhythmic pattern. Given the enrichment in genes dedicated to cell adhesion and their daily changes in the pituitary, it is hypothesized that cell-cell interactions could be involved in the transmission of information between endocrine cells, allowing rhythmic hormone outputs to be controlled in a temporally precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guillaumond
- Aix-Marseille University , INSERM-U624, Marseille, France
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Blum I, Lamont EW, Abizaid A. Competing clocks: Metabolic status moderates signals from the master circadian pacemaker. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:254-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Cellular rhythms represent a field of choice for studies in system biology. The examples of circadian rhythms and of the cell cycle show how the experimental and modeling approaches contribute to clarify the conditions in which periodic behavior spontaneously arises in regulatory networks at the cellular level. Circadian rhythms originate from intertwined positive and negative feedback loops controlling the expression of several clock genes. Models can be used to address the dynamical bases of physiological disorders related to dysfunctions of the mammalian circadian clock. The cell cycle is driven by a network of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Modeled in the form of four modules coupled through multiple regulatory interactions, the Cdk network operates in an oscillatory manner in the presence of sufficient amounts of growth factor. For circadian rhythms and the cell cycle, as for other recently observed cellular rhythms, periodic behavior represents an emergent property of biological systems related to their regulatory structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Goldbeter
- Unité de chronobiologie théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 231, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgique.
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Guillaumond F, Delaunay F, Teboul M. À l’heure de SIRT1. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:136-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2009252136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Guillaumond F, Teboul M. Fin de l’orphelinat pour les récepteurs nucléaires REVERB. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:572-4. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20082467572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gauguier D, Bihoreau MT. Nouveaux outils de cartographie génétique et génomique pour les études des traits complexes chez le rat. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:545-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2008245545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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