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Obare LM, Priest S, Ismail A, Mashayekhi M, Zhang X, Stolze LK, Sheng Q, Nthenge K, Vue Z, Neikirk K, Beasley HK, Gabriel C, Temu T, Gianella S, Mallal SA, Koethe JR, Hinton A, Bailin SS, Wanjalla CN. Cytokine and chemokine receptor profiles in adipose tissue vasculature unravel endothelial cell responses in HIV. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31415. [PMID: 39263801 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation significantly increases myocardial infarction risk in people living with HIV (PLWH). Endothelial cell dysfunction disrupts vascular homeostasis regulation, increasing the risk of vasoconstriction, inflammation, and thrombosis, contributing to cardiovascular disease. We aimed to characterize endothelial cell (EC) chemokines, cytokine, and chemokine receptors of PLWH, hypothesizing that in our cohort, glucose intolerance contributes to their differential expression implicated in endothelial dysfunction. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we phenotyped chemokine and cytokine receptor expression on arterial ECs, capillary ECs, venous ECs, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 59 PLWH with and without glucose intolerance. Our results show that arterial and capillary ECs express significantly higher interferon and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors than venous ECs and VSMCs. Venous ECs exhibited more interleukin (IL)1R1 and ACKR1 receptors, and VSMCs showed significant IL6R expression than arterial and capillary ECs. When stratified by group, arterial ECs from PLWH with glucose intolerance expressed significantly higher IL1R1, IL6R, CXCL12, CCL14, and ICAM2 transcripts than arterial ECs from PLWH without diabetes. Of the different vascular cell types studied, arterial ECs as a proportion of all ECs in adipose tissue were positively correlated with plasma fasting blood glucose. In contrast, venous ECs and VSMCs were positively correlated with plasma IL6. To directly assess the effect of plasma from PLWH on endothelial function, we cultured human arterial ECs (HAECs) in plasma-conditioned media from PLWH and performed bulk RNA sequencing. Plasma from PLWH stimulated ECs with the upregulation of genes that enrich for the oxidative phosphorylation and the TNF-α via NFK-β pathways. In conclusion, ECs in PLWH show heterogeneous cytokine and chemokine receptor expression, and arterial ECs were the most influenced by glucose intolerance. Further research must explicate cytokine and chemokine roles in EC dysfunction and identify biomarkers for disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laventa M Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen Priest
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anas Ismail
- Department of Radiology, National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiuqi Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lindsey K Stolze
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kisyua Nthenge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Curtis Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tecla Temu
- Division of Pathology, Harvard Medical College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samuel S Bailin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Xu H, Wang H, Ning X, Xu Z, Zhang G. Integrated bioinformatics and validation reveal PTGS2 and its related molecules to alleviate TNF-α-induced endothelial senescence. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00931-1. [PMID: 38858305 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Accumulative evidences have indicated the interaction between cellular senescence and ferroptosis. This study intends to investigate the ferroptosis-related molecular markers in TNF-α-induced endothelial senescence. The microarray expression dataset (GSE195517) was used to identify the differently expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) through weighted gene co-expressed network analysis (WGCNA). GO and KEGG were performed to explore the biological function. Furthermore, hub genes were identified after protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and validated through real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR). Then, a drug-gene network was established to predict potential drugs for the hub genes. Seven DEFRGs were recognized in the TNF-α-induced HUVEC senescence. Moreover, four hub genes (PTGS2, TNFAIP3, CXCL2, and IL6 are upregulated) were identified by PPI analysis and validated by RT-qPCR. Further analysis exhibited that PTGS2 was subcellularly located in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, after aminosalicylic acid (ASA) was identified as ferroptosis inhibitor for targeting PTGS2 in senescent HUVECs, 5-ASA and 4-ASA were verified to alleviate TNF-α-induced HUVEC senescence through ferroptosis. PTGS2 might play a role in TNF-α-induced HUVEC senescence and ASA may be the potential drug for alleviating TNF-α-induced HUVEC senescence through ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoping Ning
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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3
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Chi JH, Lee BJ. Association of relative hand grip strength with myocardial infarction and angina pectoris in the Korean population: a large-scale cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:941. [PMID: 38566101 PMCID: PMC10986018 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low hand grip strength (HGS) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the association between HGS and myocardial infarction/angina pectoris (MIAP) is unclear. Furthermore, there have been no studies examining the associations of MIAP with anthropometric indices, absolute HGS indices, and relative HGS indices calculated by dividing absolute HGS values by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), or weight values. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the associations of MIAP with absolute and relative HGS combined with several anthropometric indices. METHODS In this large-scale cross-sectional study, a total of 12,963 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations of MIAP with anthropometric indices, absolute HGS indices, and relative HGS indices were computed from binary logistic regression models. We built 3 models: a crude model, a model that was adjusted for age (Model 1), and a model that was adjusted for other relevant covariates (Model 2). RESULTS For men, the average age was 61.55 ± 0.16 years in the MIAP group and 66.49 ± 0.61 years in the non-MIAP group. For women, the average age was 61.99 ± 0.14 years in the MIAP group and 70.48 ± 0.61 years in the non-MIAP group. For both sexes, the MIAP group had lower diastolic blood pressure, shorter stature, greater WC, and a greater WHtR than did the non-MIAP group, and women tended to have greater systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI than in men. HGS was strongly associated with the risk of MIAP in the Korean population. In men, relative HGS indices combined with WC and the WHtR had greater associations with MIAP than did the anthropometric indices and absolute HGS indices. However, in women, anthropometric indices, including weight, BMI, WC, and WHtR, were more strongly associated with MIAP than were absolute and relative HGS indices, unlike in men. When comparing absolute and relative HGS indices in women, relative HGS indices combined with BMI and weight was more strongly related to MIAP than was absolute HGS indices. CONCLUSIONS MIAP might be better identified by relative HGS than absolute HGS in both sexes. The overall magnitudes of the associations of MIAP with absolute and relative HGS are greater in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Chi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Ju Lee
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Zhang H, Dhalla NS. The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1082. [PMID: 38256155 PMCID: PMC10817020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a primary source of global morbidity and mortality, it is crucial that we understand the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Recently, numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to several different CVDs, which are now often considered an adversely pro-inflammatory state. These cytokines most notably include interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, amongst others. Not only does inflammation have intricate and complex interactions with pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress and calcium mishandling, but it also plays a role in the balance between tissue repair and destruction. In this regard, pre-clinical and clinical evidence has clearly demonstrated the involvement and dynamic nature of pro-inflammatory cytokines in many heart conditions; however, the clinical utility of the findings so far remains unclear. Whether these cytokines can serve as markers or risk predictors of disease states or act as potential therapeutic targets, further extensive research is needed to fully understand the complex network of interactions that these molecules encompass in the context of heart disease. This review will highlight the significant advances in our understanding of the contributions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVDs, including ischemic heart disease (atherosclerosis, thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury), cardiac remodeling (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac apoptosis, and heart failure), different cardiomyopathies as well as ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. In addition, this article is focused on discussing the shortcomings in both pathological and therapeutic aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVD that still need to be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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5
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Sun S, Liu F, Fan F, Chen N, Pan X, Wei Z, Zhang Y. Exploring the mechanism of atherosclerosis and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine combined with mesenchymal stem cells based on inflammatory targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22005. [PMID: 38045166 PMCID: PMC10692769 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease, which is the common pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The immune inflammatory response throughout the course of AS has been evidenced by studies, in which a large number of immune cells and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. The inflammation related to AS is mainly mediated by inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, hs-CRP, SAA), inflammatory enzymes (Lp-PLA2, sPLA2-IIA, MMPs), and inflammatory signaling pathways (P38 MAPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, TLR2/4 signaling pathway). It is involved in the pathophysiological process of AS, and the degree of inflammation measured by it can be used to evaluate the risk of progression of AS plaque instability. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown the advantage of minimal side effects in immune regulation and has made some progress in the prevention and treatment of AS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as self-renewal, highly differentiated, and pluripotent stem cells with anti-inflammatory properties and immune regulation, have been widely used for AS treatment. They also play an important inflammation-immune regulatory function in AS. Notably, in terms of regulating immune cells and inflammatory factors, compared with TCM and its compound, the combination therapy has obvious anti-inflammatory advantages over the use of MSCs alone. It is an important means to further improve the efficacy of AS and provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibiao Sun
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Feixiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Feiyan Fan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Na Chen
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaolong Pan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhihui Wei
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yunke Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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6
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Aldokhayyil M, Gomez DH, Cook MD, Kavazis AN, Roberts MD, Geetha T, Brown MD. Influence of Race and High Laminar Shear Stress on TNFR1 Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14723. [PMID: 37834170 PMCID: PMC10572906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding to endothelial TNF receptor-I (TNFR-I) facilitates monocyte recruitment and chronic inflammation, leading to the development of atherosclerosis. In vitro data show a heightened inflammatory response and atherogenic potential in endothelial cells (ECs) from African American (AA) donors. High laminar shear stress (HSS) can mitigate some aspects of racial differences in endothelial function at the cellular level. We examined possible racial differences in TNF-induced monocyte adhesion and TNFR1 signaling complex expression/activity, along with the effects of HSS. Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) monocytes were used in a co-culture system with human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) from Caucasian American (CA) and AA donors to examine racial differences in monocyte adhesion. An in vitro exercise mimetic model was applied to investigate the potential modulatory effect of HSS. THP-1 adherence to ECs and TNF-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) DNA binding were elevated in AA ECs compared to CA ECs, but not significantly. We report no significant racial differences in the expression of the TNFR-I signaling complex. Application of HSS significantly increased the expression and shedding of TNFR-I and the expression of TRAF3, and decreased the expression of TRAF5 in both groups. Our data does not support TNF-induced NF-κB activation as a potential mediator of racial disparity in this model. Other pathways and associated factors activated by the TNFR1 signaling complex are recommended targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitha Aldokhayyil
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dulce H. Gomez
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Marc D. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, North Carolina Agriculture and Technology State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | | | | | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Garcia C, Andersen CJ, Blesso CN. The Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Immune Responses. Nutrients 2023; 15:3899. [PMID: 37764683 PMCID: PMC10535783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a major role in the regulation of the immune system. Exogenous (dietary and microbial-derived) and endogenous (non-microbial-derived) lipids play a direct role in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and expansion, and inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding the complexities of lipid-immune interactions may have important implications for human health, as certain lipids or immune pathways may be beneficial in circumstances of acute infection yet detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases. Further, there are key differences in the lipid effects between specific immune cell types and location (e.g., gut mucosal vs. systemic immune cells), suggesting that the immunomodulatory properties of lipids may be tissue-compartment-specific, although the direct effect of dietary lipids on the mucosal immune system warrants further investigation. Importantly, there is recent evidence to suggest that lipid-immune interactions are dependent on sex, metabolic status, and the gut microbiome in preclinical models. While the lipid-immune relationship has not been adequately established in/translated to humans, research is warranted to evaluate the differences in lipid-immune interactions across individuals and whether the optimization of lipid-immune interactions requires precision nutrition approaches to mitigate or manage disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which lipids regulate immune responses and the influence of dietary lipids on these processes, highlighting compelling areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (C.G.); (C.J.A.)
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Lu M, Zhang L, Pan J, Shi H, Zhang M, Li C. Advances in the study of the vascular protective effects and molecular mechanisms of hawthorn ( Crataegus anamesa Sarg.) extracts in cardiovascular diseases. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37337667 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Hawthorn belongs to the rose family and is a type of functional food. It contains various chemicals, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and organic acid compounds. This study aimed to review the vascular protective effects and molecular mechanisms of hawthorn and its extracts on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hawthorn has a wide range of biological functions. Evidence suggests that the active components of HE reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, regulate lipid levels to prevent lipid accumulation, and inhibit free cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation. Additionally, hawthorn extract (HE) can protect vascular endothelial function, regulate endothelial dysfunction, and promote vascular endothelial relaxation. It has also been reported that the effective components of hawthorn can prevent age-related endothelial dysfunction, increase cellular calcium levels, cause antiplatelet aggregation, and promote antithrombosis. In clinical trials, HE has been proved to reduce the adverse effects of CVDs on blood lipids, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate, and exercise tolerance. Previous studies have pointed to the benefits of hawthorn and its extracts in treating atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Therefore, as both medicine and food, hawthorn can be used as a new drug source for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Huishan Shi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Olszewska E, Pietrewicz TM, Świderska M, Jamiołkowski J, Chabowski A. A Case-Control Study on the Changes in High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels with Surgical Treatment of OSAS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214116. [PMID: 36430593 PMCID: PMC9699588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common but underdiagnosed condition with significant health and economic implications for society. Inflammatory mediators are proposed to be associated with the presence and severity of OSAS and contribute to morbidity and mortality. This paper details a prospective non-randomized case control study of a cohort of subjects, who underwent surgical treatment of OSAS and were enrolled to assess the sleep parameters and blood levels of selected inflammatory markers at pre-operative and post-operative time points, also comparing them to the levels in a control group. A total of 25 study subjects and 18 control subjects were enrolled. Median values and interquartile range (IQR) of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in the study group pre-operatively and post-operatively were 34 (18.5-45.5) and 13.3 (7.5-27.3), while in the control group 1.4 (1.0-2.1) per hour. The mean (IQR) hs-CRP levels (mg/L) were 1.782 (0.941-5.594) and 1.980 (0.990-5.445) in the study group, pre-operatively and post-operatively, respectively, while 0.891 (0.767-1.436) in the control group. The mean (IQR) TNF-α levels (pg/mL) were 7.999 (6.137-9.216) and 6.614 (5.534-7.460) pre-and post-operatively, respectively, and were 6.000 (5.026-6.823) in the control group. Results demonstrated that both inflammatory markers, hs-CRP and TNF-α, are higher in subjects with OSAS compared to the controls, and their levels decrease, but are still higher than the controls, after successful surgical treatment. Further analysis including the body mass index and age demonstrated that these changes were significant for TNF-α, but not hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olszewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Magdalena Świderska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Jamiołkowski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Bakhsh A, Moyes D, Proctor G, Mannocci F, Niazi SA. The impact of apical periodontitis, non-surgical root canal retreatment and periapical surgery on serum inflammatory biomarkers. Int Endod J 2022; 55:923-937. [PMID: 35707939 PMCID: PMC9540413 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to measure serum levels of molecular markers of inflammation in patients undergoing non-surgical root canal retreatment (Re-RCT) and periapical surgery (PS) for the treatment of apical periodontitis and to establish if such levels are influenced by the size of apical radiolucencies at baseline and by the treatment outcome. METHODOLOGY A total of 115 participants were recruited (n = 50 Controls, n = 35 Re-RCT, n = 30 PS). Preoperative periapical radiographs and cone beam CT (CBCT) scans of teeth were taken. Blood was collected from treatment groups at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-treatment and from controls at baseline and 12 months. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Pentraxin 3, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, hs-CRP, FGF-23, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, C3 and ADMA were analysed using multiplex immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Different time points within the same group were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and differences between groups were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test. Non-linear association between different factors was assessed using Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Preoperative serum levels of FGF-23, IL-1β, hs-CRP and ADMA were significantly higher in the diseased groups compared with controls (p < .001; p = .008; p < .001; p = .013, respectively). The preoperative size of the radiolucency was associated with increased levels of FGF-23, IL-1β and IL-6. At 3-months following treatment, IL-1β, IL-8, hs-CRP, C3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels increased compared with baseline in treatment groups. IL-1β and IL-8 further increased at 6 months, whereas FGF-23, hs-CRP, C3, MMP2 and MMP-9 decreased. One-year post-treatment, FGF-23, pentraxin-3 and ADMA were significantly reduced below baseline levels. At the 1-year review, CBCT revealed that 25.9% of treated cases completely healed, while 63% were healing, and 11.1% failed. Treatment outcome was found to be influenced by preoperative levels of ADMA and IL-8 levels at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Both symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) can contribute to increased levels of molecular markers of inflammation. A further transient inflammatory markers rise after root canal retreatment and apical surgery were demonstrated. Successful endodontic treatment and periapical surgery result in a long-term reduction in inflammatory marker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Bakhsh
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David Moyes
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Mannocci
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sadia Ambreen Niazi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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Wang G, Ji C, Wang C, Liu Z, Qu A, Wang H. Matrine ameliorates the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells through the NF-κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1309. [PMID: 34630663 PMCID: PMC8461614 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with inflammatory responses and the uncontrolled proliferation and excessive apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the effects of matrine on the inflammatory response, abnormal lipid metabolism and cell proliferation and apoptosis marker proteins in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) have not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of matrine on an in vitro model of atherosclerosis using HAVSMCs. The HAVSMCs were divided into normal, model and matrine groups. The model group was treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), the matrine group was treated with oxLDL and matrine and the normal group was treated with physiological saline. Total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester (CE) levels were measured in the cell supernatant. In addition, the relative mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis rates were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The expression levels of proteins associated with proliferation and apoptosis were also determined using western blotting. The levels of TC, FC and CE and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the matrine group were lower than those in the model group, but higher than those in the normal group. After 48 and 96 h of treatment, the cell proliferation and apoptotic rates were lower in the matrine group compared with the model group. The relative expression levels of Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bax were decreased, while that of Bcl-2 was increased in the matrine group compared with the model group. In addition, the relative protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the matrine group was lower than that in the model group, but higher than that in the normal group. In summary, matrine inhibited activation of the NF-κB pathway and reduced cell proliferation and apoptosis in the oxLDL-induced atherosclerosis model, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that matrine attenuated abnormal biological reactions in HAVSMCs through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Chengyu Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Linqu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262600, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linqu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262600, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Aizhong Qu
- Hematology Department, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Huaixin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
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12
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Wu Y, Hao R, Lan B, Mu Y, Dang F, Wang R. The protective effects of naproxen against interleukin-1β (IL-1β)- induced damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Bioengineered 2021; 12:5361-5372. [PMID: 34427537 PMCID: PMC8806478 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used medications in the world. Naproxen is an NSAID with relatively low selectivity for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby having decreased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. However, it is unclear whether naproxen might provide protection against atherosclerosis, an underlying cause of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the present study, we exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells to interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a key cytokine involved in atherogenesis, with or without naproxen. Our findings indicate that naproxen could protect against IL-1β-induced damage by improving cell viability and preventing cell death. Additionally, naproxen suppressed the expression of the cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tissue factor (TF) induced by IL-1β. Importantly, naproxen also inhibited the attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells, which was achieved through Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6)-mediated reduced expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin. These findings suggest that naproxen may aid in the prevention of atherosclerosis by exerting cardioprotective effects beyond low COX-2-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruina Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Beidi Lan
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiping Mu
- Department of Medical Information Management Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuping Dang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruitao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Pharmacological Effects of Methotrexate and Infliximab in a Rats Model of Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia and Beta-3 Overexpression on Endothelial Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143143. [PMID: 34300308 PMCID: PMC8306833 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia and inflammation are critical components in the pathophysiology of endothelial disorder, which can lead to vascular complications. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunomodulatory therapy (methotrexate and infliximab) in a diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (wild type (WT), male, n = 32) rats were divided into four groups: one group fed with standard diet (SD), one group fed with high lipid diet (HLD), and two groups that received HLD and drug treatment (methotrexate (Mtx) or infliximab (Ifx)). In order to evaluate if modifications to the endothelial cells may influence the risk of vascular complications following hyperlipidemia or treatment reactivity, each group was doubled by a rats group that overexpressed beta-3 receptors on the endothelial cells (transgenic (TG-beta 3), male, n = 32). Serum lipid profile, liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were determined. Histopathologic analysis of the liver and aorta was performed. RESULTS After 9 weeks of HLD, rats exhibited significant pathologic serum lipid profiles, elevated oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory markers. Additionally, the aortic histopathological analysis revealed aorta media-intima thickening (p < 0.05) in the transgenic group. Methotrexate and infliximab significantly decreased inflammation and oxidative stress parameters, but presented opposing effects on lipid profiles (methotrexate decreased, whereas infliximab increased the atherosclerosis index). Drug treatment decreased the aorta media-intima thickness (p < 0.05) only in transgenic rats. CONCLUSIONS HLD was associated with hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. The overexpression of beta-3 receptors on endothelial cells increased aortic thickening in response to the HLD. Methotrexate and infliximab reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in all groups, but led to favorable histopathologic vascular results only in the transgenic groups.
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Medina-Leyte DJ, Zepeda-García O, Domínguez-Pérez M, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T, Jacobo-Albavera L. Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3850. [PMID: 33917744 PMCID: PMC8068178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the development and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. There is great interest to further understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression, and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and to reduce the risk of developing CAD and its complications. The use of liquid biopsies and new molecular biology techniques have allowed the identification of a growing list of molecular and cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction, which have provided insight on the molecular basis of atherosclerosis and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention and or treatment of atherosclerosis and CAD. This review describes recent information on normal vascular endothelium function, as well as traditional and novel potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies aimed to protect the endothelium or reverse endothelial damage, as a preventive treatment for CAD and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Oscar Zepeda-García
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
| | - Antonia González-Garrido
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
| | - Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (D.J.M.-L.); (O.Z.-G.); (M.D.-P.); (A.G.-G.); (T.V.-M.)
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15
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Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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16
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Wiciński M, Wódkiewicz E, Górski K, Walczak M, Malinowski B. Perspective of SGLT2 Inhibition in Treatment of Conditions Connected to Neuronal Loss: Focus on Alzheimer's Disease and Ischemia-Related Brain Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110379. [PMID: 33187206 PMCID: PMC7697611 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are oral anti-hyperglycemic agents approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Some reports suggest their presence in the central nervous system and possible neuroprotective properties. SGLT2 inhibition by empagliflozin has shown to reduce amyloid burden in cortical regions of APP/PS1xd/db mice. The same effect was noticed regarding tau pathology and brain atrophy volume. Empagliflozin presented beneficial effect on cognitive function, which may be connected to an increase in cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Canagliflozin and dapagliflozin may possess acetylcholinesterase inhibiting activity, resembling in this matter Alzheimer’s disease-registered therapies. SGLT2 inhibitors may prove to impact risk factors of atherosclerosis and pathways participating both in acute and late stage of stroke. Their mechanism of action can be related to induction in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and proinflammatory factors limitation. Empagliflozin may have a positive effect on preservation of neurovascular unit in diabetic mice, preventing its aberrant remodeling. Canagliflozin seems to present some cytostatic properties by limiting both human and mice endothelial cells proliferation. The paper presents potential mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors in conditions connected with neuronal damage, with special emphasis on Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia.
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17
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Effects of Altered Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators on Locations of In-Stent Reocclusions in Elderly Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1719279. [PMID: 33029103 PMCID: PMC7530477 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1719279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances of proatherogenic inflammatory and antiatherogenic inflammatory mediators were involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study sought to investigate the effects of proatherogenic inflammatory and antiatherogenic inflammatory mediators on the proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions in elderly patients after coronary stent implantations. We measured the expression levels of proatherogenic inflammatory/antiatherogenic inflammatory cytokines. This included interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interleukin-37 (IL-37) in the elderly patients with the proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions after coronary stent implantations. Levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and hs-CRP were remarkably increased (P < 0.001), and levels of IL-10, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-37 were remarkably lowered (P < 0.001) in the elderly patients with the proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions. Imbalances of proatherogenic inflammatory and antiatherogenic inflammatory mediators may be involved in the formation and progression of proximal, middle, and distal coronary artery reocclusions in elderly patients after coronary stent implantations.
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18
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Thangaraju P, Varthya SB, Venkatesan S. Target/therapies for chronic recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:222-226. [PMID: 32874007 PMCID: PMC7446680 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_788_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A Type 2 lepra reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum is an anticipated complication in the lepromatous spectrum of leprosy cases. It is an example of an immune complex-mediated complement activated disease (Type III hypersensitivity reaction). Hence, we tried to target the inflammatory mediators and the mental stressors for the possible management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shoban Babu Varthya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sajitha Venkatesan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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19
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de Marañón AM, Iannantuoni F, Abad-Jiménez Z, Canet F, Díaz-Pozo P, López-Domènech S, Roldán-Torres I, Morillas C, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Association between Proinflammatory Markers, Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Glycemic Control. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2522. [PMID: 32764458 PMCID: PMC7465892 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin monitorization could be a tool for maintaining type 2 diabetes (T2D) under control and delaying the appearance of cardiovascular events. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the role of glycemic control in modulating early-stage markers of cardiovascular complications. One hundred and eight healthy controls and 161 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and distributed according to their glycemic control, setting the threshold at 6.5% (good control). Biochemical and anthropometrical parameters were registered during the initial visit, and peripheral blood was extracted to obtain polymorphonuclear cells and analyze inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and carotid intima-media thickness. Correlations between these parameters were explored. We found that inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules were augmented in type 2 diabetic subjects with poor glycemic control. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes interacted more with the endothelium in the diabetic population, and even more significantly in the poorly controlled subjects. In parallel, carotid intima-media thickness was also increased in the diabetic population, and the difference was greater among poorly controlled subjects. Finally, correlation measurement revealed that carotid intima-media thickness was related to glycemic control and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients. Our results suggest that glycemic control delays the onset of cardiovascular comorbidities in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Martinez de Marañón
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Ildefonso Roldán-Torres
- Service of Cardiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd)—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd)—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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20
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Butyrate mitigates TNF-α-induced attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:247-256. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Liu Y, Cheng P, Wu AH. Honokiol inhibits carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque formation by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8016-8028. [PMID: 32365054 PMCID: PMC7244088 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol is a natural active compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, Magnolia officinalis. In this study, the role of honokiol in the development of carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions was evaluated in an ApoE-/- mouse model fed with a normal diet (ND) or a Western-type diet (WD) for ten weeks. After first two weeks, a perivascular collar was surgically placed on the right common carotid arteries of the mice. Then, WD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with honokiol (10 or 20 mg/kg) or administrated with 10 mg/kg atorvastatin calcium by gavage once a day for eight weeks. After that, the right common carotid arteries were excised for further experiments. The result showed that honokiol substantially inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, honokiol downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, honokiol treatment decreased reactive oxygen species level and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. Nitric oxide level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and aberrant activation of nuclear factor-κB pathway were also significantly inhibited by honokiol treatment. Together, these findings suggest that honokiol protects against atherosclerotic plaque formation in carotid artery, and may be an effective drug candidate for the treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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22
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Febriza A, Natzir R, Hatta M, As'ad S, Budu ., Kaelan C, Kasim VN, Idrus HH. The Role of IL-6, TNF-α, and VDR in Inhibiting the Growth of Salmonella Typhi: in vivo Study. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802014010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim:
The prevalence of typhoid fever is reportedly high, especially in Asia. When a pathogen enters the human body, there are markers in the form of molecules that will be known by the innate immune system. Specific molecular markers of gram negative bacteria, which are Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Toll-Like receptors-4 will interact with LPS. The binding between LPS and TLR-4 will give rise to activation signals that will activate innate immune cells. Immune cells will release a number of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. While Vitamin D Receptors (VDR) are expressed in large amounts in tumor tissue and infected cells. This study aimed to prove the role of IL-6, TNF-α, and VDR in inhibiting bacterial growth in mice that have been induced by S.Typhi.
Methods:
This research was a real experimental pre-post test design to investigate the level of IL-6, TNF-α and VDR in suppressing the growth of bacteria in the peritoneal fluid of S. Typhi, male, mice BALB/c. Mice were divided into three groups comprised of 10 mice each. All mice in groups A and B were intraperitoneally inoculated with S. Typhi strain Thy1 in study day 0. Group A was treated with antibiotic Levofloxacine, on study day 4th. Another study group, group B, was used as a placebo and received aquades on study day 4th. While group C as a control was not inoculated with S. Typhi. Blood samples from three groups for the calculation of serum Il-6, TNF-α, and VDR were collected. This examination was taken four times; at baseline, 4th day, 10th day, and 30th day. For the calculation of bacterial colony, peritoneal fluid retrieval was collected three times, which is on 4th day, 10th day, and 30th day.
Results:
A repeated measure ANOVA in group A (antibiotic) and group B (placebo) group showed that mean IL-6, TNF-α, and VDR level differed statistically significant between times (p-value 0.000). There was a strong negative correlation between bacterial colony count and VDR level, which was statistically significant in both groups (group A; r = -0.875, p-value = 0.000 vs group B; r = -0.470, p-value = 0.002). IL-6 and TNF-α didn't give significant statistical correlation with bacterial colony count.
Conclusion:
VDR, IL-6, and TNF-α play an important role in killing bacteria. From the results of this study, IL-6 level is related to the number of bacterial colonies, the lower the IL-6 level, the less the number of bacterial colonies. Similarly, TNF-α levels have a positive correlation with the number of bacterial colonies. While VDR levels are also related to the number of bacterial colonies, the higher the VDR level, the lower the number of bacterial colonies.
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23
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Wang C, O'Brien KM, Xu Z, Sandler DP, Taylor JA, Weinberg CR. Long-term ambient fine particulate matter and DNA methylation in inflammation pathways: results from the Sister Study. Epigenetics 2019; 15:524-535. [PMID: 31822152 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1699894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although underlying mechanisms of long-term exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular disease remain obscure, effects might partially act through changes in DNA methylation. We examined the associations between long-term ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and methylation, considering both a global measure and methylation at several specific inflammation-related loci, in two random sub-cohorts selected from a nationwide prospective study of US women. In one sub-cohort we measured long interspersed nucleotide element (LINE-1); in the other, we measured methylation at three candidates CpG loci related to inflammatory pathways [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2)]. Annual average contemporaneous ambient PM2.5 concentrations were estimated for the current residence. We used both classical least-squares and quantile regression models to estimate the long-term effects. The women in sub-cohorts 1 (n = 491) and 2 (n = 882) had mean ages of 55.8 and 56.7, respectively. Neither modelling approach showed an association between long-term PM2.5 and LINE-1 methylation or between PM2.5 and either of the two CpG sites in TLR-2. Using linear regression, there was an estimated change of -6.5% (95% confidence interval CI: -13.34%, 0.35%) in mean methylation of TNF-α per 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Quantile regression showed that the downward shift was mainly in the lower half of the distribution of DNA methylation. Long-term residence in regions with higher ambient PM2.5 may be associated with increased TNF-α through a reduction in methylation, particularly in the lower tail. Epigenetic markers and quantile regression might provide insight into mechanisms underlying the relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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24
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Association between variants of COQ2 and TNF-α genes and statin-induced toxicities in Bangladeshi hyperlipidemic patients. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-019-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Guo Q, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhang E, Wu Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Enhances miR-155-Mediated Endothelial Senescence by Targeting Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8820-8835. [PMID: 31752013 PMCID: PMC6882299 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) participates in a wide variety of cellular processes, but the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. miR-155 is an element of the inflammatory signaling pathway in atherosclerosis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that TNF-α stimulates miR-155 to target SIRT1 and thereby regulates endothelial senescence, and we also explored the function of miR-155 as a regulator of cardiovascular diseases. Material/Methods TNF-α was used to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), after which protein and gene expression were assessed via Western blotting and RT-qPCR. miR-155 targeting of SIRT1 was confirmed via luciferase reporter assays, while MTT and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assays were used for quantifying cellular proliferation and senescence. Results We found that miR-155 was upregulated in response to TNF-α treatment, in addition to inducing marked changes in SIRT1/FoxO-1/p21 pathway protein level. When we overexpressed miR-155 mimics, SIRT1 was markedly reduced, whereas miR-155 inhibition had the opposite effect in TNF-α-treated cells. We additionally confirmed that miR-155 was able to directly bind to SIRT1 3′-UTR, and that inhibition of miR-155 reduced the ability of TNF-α to induce senescence in HUVECs, thereby leading to their enhanced proliferation. Simvastatin was associated with suppression of miR-155 expression in HUVECs following TNF-α treatment, and with a corresponding reduction in TNF-α-induced senescence, whereas miR-155 overexpression had the opposite effect. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TNF-α upregulates miR-155, which then targets SIRT1, suppressing its expression and driving HUVEC apoptosis. Simvastatin disrupted this senescence mechanism via the miR-155/SIRT1/FoxO-1/p21 pathway signaling. Hence, miR-155 is a possible therapeutic approach to endothelial senescence in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Haitong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Erli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
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26
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Li J, Zhao M, Jiang X, Liu T, Wang M, Zhao C. Synergistic therapeutic effects of Duzhong Jiangya Tablets and amlodipine besylate combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats using 1 H-NMR- and MS-based metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4741. [PMID: 31743479 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Duzhong Jiangya Tablet (DJT) composed of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and several other traditional Chinese medicines is a Chinese herbal compound, which is clinically used to treat hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of DJT and amlodipine besylate (AB) on the synergistic treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to explore its antihypertensive mechanism. The synergistic therapeutic effect of DJT in combination with AB on SHR was studied using two metabolomics methods based on mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance. Metabolomics analysis of plasma, urine, liver, and kidney and the combination of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to expose potential biomarkers. Then, the overall metabolic characteristics and related abnormal metabolic pathways in hypertensive rats were constructed. Blood pressure measurements showed that DJT combined with AB has better effects in treating hypertension than it being alone. A total of 30 biomarkers were identified, indicating that hypertension disrupted the balance of multiple metabolic pathways in the body, and that combined administration restored metabolite levels better than their administration alone. The changes of biomarkers revealed the synergistic therapeutic mechanism of DJT combined with AB, which provided a reference for the combination of Chinese and Western medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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27
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Senoner T, Dichtl W. Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Still a Therapeutic Target? Nutrients 2019; 11:E2090. [PMID: 31487802 PMCID: PMC6769522 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex entities with heterogenous pathophysiologic mechanisms and increased oxidative stress has been viewed as one of the potential common etiologies. A fine balance between the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants is essential for the proper normal functioning of the cell. A basal concentration of ROS is indispensable for the manifestation of cellular functions, whereas excessive levels of ROS cause damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins, eventually leading to necrosis and apoptotic cell death. CVD is the main cause of death worldwide with several conditions being affected by oxidative stress. Increased ROS lead to decreased nitric oxide availability and vasoconstriction, promoting arterial hypertension. ROS also negatively influence myocardial calcium handling, causing arrhythmia, and augment cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling and apoptosis. Finally, ROS have also been shown to promote atherosclerotic plaque formation. This review aims at giving an introduction into oxidative stress in CVD, with special focus on endothelial dysfunction, and then examining in detail the role of oxidative stress in the most prevalent of these diseases. Finally, potential nutraceuticals and diets that might be beneficial in diminishing the burden of oxidative stress in CVD are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Senoner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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28
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Mats L, Liu R, Deng Z, Mine Y, Tsao R. Anti-inflammatory Effect and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of Peptides from Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulga L.) Milk and Yogurts in Caco-2 Mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 Co-culture Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8370-8381. [PMID: 31271280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring dietary peptides derived from gastrointestinal digestates of common bean milk and yogurt were studied for their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and anti-inflammatory activity in both Caco-2 mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture cell models. Anti-inflammatory activities of these peptide extracts were found to be strongly associated with cellular uptake by the intestinal epithelial cells. Mechanisms underlying the cellular uptake were studied by examining the role of peptide transporter 1 and calcium sensing reporter. Three peptides, including γ-glutamyl-S-methylcysteine, γ-glutamyl-leucine, and leucine-leucine-valine, were found to be transported across the Caco-2 cell monolayer and detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A strong anti-inflammatory effect was observed in the basolateral EA.hy926 cells (co-culture model), as shown in their inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α-induced pro-inflammatory mediators of the nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal cascades. The results suggest that these peptides can be absorbed and possibly have systemic inhibition on inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells, indicating potential preventive effects on vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
- Guelph Research & Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guelph Research & Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph Research & Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph Research & Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research & Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
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29
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Tang JS, Bozonet SM, McKenzie JL, Anderson RF, Melton LD, Vissers MCM. Physiological Concentrations of Blueberry-Derived Phenolic Acids Reduce Monocyte Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900478. [PMID: 31216087 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Blueberry polyphenols are thought to confer cardiovascular health benefits, but have limited bioavailability. They undergo extensive metabolism and their phenolic acid metabolites are likely to be the mediators of bioactivity. The effect of blueberry-derived phenolic acids on one aspect of inflammation, monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells, is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The major blueberry-derived phenolic acids in human plasma are identified and quantified. Three test mixtures representing compounds present at 0-4 h (Early), 4-24 h (Late), or 0-24 h (Whole) are used to investigate the effect on adhesion of monocytes to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-activated endothelial cells. The Late mixture reduces monocyte adhesion, but there is no effect of the Early or Whole mixtures. Exclusion of syringic acid from each mixture results in inhibition of monocyte adhesion. Exposure to the phenolic acid mixtures has no effect on the endothelial surface expression of adhesion molecules intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), or E-selectin, suggesting that other molecular mechanisms are responsible for the observed effect. CONCLUSION This study shows that physiological concentrations of blueberry polyphenol metabolites can help maintain cardiovascular health by regulating monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S Tang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Bozonet
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Judith L McKenzie
- Hematology Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Robert F Anderson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Laurence D Melton
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence for Food Research, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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30
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Song HS, Kwon JE, Baek HJ, Kim CW, Jeon H, Ra JS, Lee HK, Kang SC. Sorghum Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae NK Enhances Inhibition of Vascular Inflammation in TNF-α-stimulated Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:309-318. [PMID: 31237194 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is widely grown all over the world for food and feed. The effects of sorghum extracts on general inflammation have been previously studied, but its anti-vascular inflammatory effects are unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-vascular inflammation effects of sorghum extract (SBE) and fermented extract of sorghum (fSBE) on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). After the cytotoxicity test of the sorghum extract, a series of experiments were conducted. The inhibition effects of SBE and fSBE on the inflammatory response and adhesion molecule expression were measured using treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a crucial promoter for the development of atherosclerotic lesions, on HASMCs. After TNF-α (10 ng/mL) treatment for 2 h, then SBE and fSBE (100 and 200 μg/mL) were applied for 12h. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (2.4-fold) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (6.7-fold) decreased, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (3.5-fold) increased compared to the TNF-α control when treated with 200 μg/mL fSBE (P<0.05). In addition, the fSBE significantly increased the expression of HO-1 and significantly decreased the expression of VCAM-1 and COX-2 compared to the TNF-α control in mRNA level (P<0.05). These reasons of results might be due to the increased concentrations of procyanidin B1 (about 6-fold) and C1 (about 30-fold) produced through fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae NK for 48 h, at 37 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated that fSBE enhanced the inhibition of the inflammatory response and adherent molecule expression in HASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Seong Song
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea.,a Authors contributed equally to the paper
| | - Jung-Eun Kwon
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Baek
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea
| | - Chang Won Kim
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea.,a Authors contributed equally to the paper
| | - Jong Sung Ra
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea.,a Authors contributed equally to the paper
| | - Hyo Kyu Lee
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, 17104, Korea.,b Corresponding author at: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea, Tel) +82-31-201-2687 Fax) +82-31-204-8116, (Se Chan Kang)
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31
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Anbukkarasi M, Sundararajan M, Venkadeswaran K, Ruban VV, Anand T, Geraldine P. Antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of an extract of the plant Tabernaemontana divaricata in experimental rats fed an atherogenic diet. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Systemic Administration of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Concurrent with Fat Grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:973e-982e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Shalimova A, Fadieienko G, Kolesnikova O, Isayeva A, Zlatkina V, Nemtsova V, Prosolenko K, Psarova V, Kyrychenko N, Kochuieva M. The Role of Genetic Polymorphism in the Formation of Arterial Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes and their Comorbidity. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:218-227. [PMID: 30868946 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190314124049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary component plays a significant role in the formation of insulin resistance (IR) - one of the pathogenetic links of arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, the genetic predisposition to IR can not be realized and does not manifest itself clinically in the absence of appropriate factors of the environment (excessive nutrition, low physical activity, etc.). OBJECTIVE The review summarizes the results of studies which describe the contribution of genetic polymorphism to the formation and progression of AH, DM2 and their comorbidity in various populations. RESULTS In many studies, it has been established that genetic polymorphism of candidate genes is influenced by the formation, course and complication of AH and DM2. According to research data, the modulating effect of polymorphism of some genetic markers of AH and DM2 on metabolism and hemodynamics has been established. The results of numerous studies have shown a higher frequency of occurrence of AH and DM2, as well as their more severe course with adverse genetic polymorphisms. At the same time, the role of genetic polymorphism in the formation of AH and DM2 differs in different populations. CONCLUSION Contradictory data on the influence of gene polymorphisms on the formation of AH and DM2 in different populations, as well as a small number of studies on the combined effects of several polymorphisms on the formation of comorbidity, determine the continuation of research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shalimova
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Fadieienko
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kolesnikova
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Isayeva
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vira Zlatkina
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | - Maryna Kochuieva
- Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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34
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Satish M, Saxena SK, Agrawal DK. Adipokine Dysregulation and Insulin Resistance with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: Metabolic Syndrome or Independent Sequelae? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 12:415-424. [PMID: 30835048 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance are two hallmark sequelae attributed to the current clinical definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that are also linked to atherosclerotic vascular disease. Here, we critically discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the interplay between the two sequelae. Adipokine dysregulation is involved with decreased nitric oxide, vascular inflammation, and insulin resistance in itself to promote atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance is involved with endothelial dysfunction by direct and indirect mechanisms that also promote vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. These mechanisms are discussed in atherosclerosis irrespective of MetS, and to evaluate the possibility of synergism in MetS. High retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and low cholesterol efflux in MetS may provide evidence of possible synergism and elevated atherosclerotic risk. An adverse adipokine panel that includes fetuin-A and adiponectin can potentially assess atherosclerotic risk in even those without MetS. Genetic possibilities may exist in atherosclerotic vascular diseases secondary to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Satish
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, The Peekie Nash Carpenter Endowed Chair in Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Shailendra K Saxena
- Department of Family Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, The Peekie Nash Carpenter Endowed Chair in Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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35
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Vendrov AE, Sumida A, Canugovi C, Lozhkin A, Hayami T, Madamanchi NR, Runge MS. NOXA1-dependent NADPH oxidase regulates redox signaling and phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell during atherogenesis. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101063. [PMID: 30576919 PMCID: PMC6302039 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation are key factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We previously reported that NOX activator 1 (NOXA1) is the critical functional homolog of p67phox for NADPH oxidase activation in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Here we investigated the effects of systemic and SMC-specific deletion of Noxa1 on VSMC phenotype during atherogenesis in mice. Neointimal hyperplasia following endovascular injury was lower in Noxa1-deficient mice versus the wild-type following endovascular injury. Noxa1 deletion in Apoe-/- or Ldlr-/- mice fed a Western diet showed 50% reduction in vascular ROS and 30% reduction in aortic atherosclerotic lesion area and aortic sinus lesion volume (P < 0.01). SMC-specific deletion of Noxa1 in Apoe-/- mice (Noxa1SMC-/-/Apoe-/-) similarly decreased vascular ROS levels and atherosclerotic lesion size. TNFα-induced ROS generation, proliferation and migration were significantly attenuated in Noxa1-deficient versus wild-type VSMC. Immunofluorescence analysis of atherosclerotic lesions showed a significant decrease in cells positive for CD68 and myosin11 (22% versus 9%) and Mac3 and α-actin (17% versus 5%) in the Noxa1SMC-/-/Apoe-/- versus Apoe-/- mice. The expression of transcription factor KLF4, a modulator of VSMC phenotype, and its downstream targets – VCAM1, CCL2, and MMP2 – were significantly reduced in the lesions of Noxa1SMC-/-/Apoe-/- versus Apoe-/- mice as well as in oxidized phospholipids treated Noxa1SMC-/- versus wild-type VSMC. Our data support an important role for NOXA1-dependent NADPH oxidase activity in VSMC plasticity during restenosis and atherosclerosis, augmenting VSMC proliferation and migration and KLF4-mediated transition to macrophage-like cells, plaque inflammation, and expansion. NOXA1 is a VSMC-specific regulator of NADPH oxidase 1 activity and downstream cell signaling. NOX1 NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation is required for VSMC proliferation and migration after endovascular injury. NOXA1-dependent NOX1 activation of KLF4 in atherosclerotic lesions induces SMC phenotypic switch to macrophage-like cells. Atherosclerotic lesion macrophage-like cells promote plaque inflammation, matrix remodeling and increase volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr E Vendrov
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arihiro Sumida
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chandrika Canugovi
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takayuki Hayami
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Makkar H, Reynolds MA, Wadhawan A, Dagdag A, Merchant AT, Postolache TT. Periodontal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disease: Exploring the role of inflammation and mental health. Pteridines 2018; 29:124-163. [PMID: 30705520 PMCID: PMC6350811 DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence connects periodontal disease, a modifiable condition affecting a majority of Americans, with metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the likely mediation of these associations by immune activation and their potential interactions with mental illness. Future longitudinal, and ideally interventional studies, should focus on reciprocal interactions and cascading effects, as well as points for effective preventative and therapeutic interventions across diagnostic domains to reduce morbidity, mortality and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80220, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,
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Allam G, Abdel-Moneim A, Gaber AM. The pleiotropic role of interleukin-17 in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1412-1418. [PMID: 30119214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which considers the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of arterials' wall in which the development and the destabilization of plaque occur. Both innate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in modifying lipoproteins in arterials' wall. Recent investigations have demonstrated the opposing roles of CD4+ T cells subtypes in atherosclerosis. T helper-1 (Th1) response and pro-inflammatory cytokines possess proatherogenic effects, whereas T regulatory (Treg) cells have an atheroprotective role. Th17 cells have emerged as a new CD4+ T-cell subtype, which produce IL-17 that plays a crucial role in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, several studies have investigated the potential role of IL-17 in atherosclerosis. Some investigations have suggested a proatherogenic effect, however the others proposed an atheroprotective role. Hence, the exact role of IL-17 in the disease development and plaque stability is still debatable. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on both atherogenesis and atheroprotective roles of IL-17. In addition, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of IL-17 with other cytokines in atherosclerosis will be discussed. On the basis of the current understanding of these roles, the possibility of developing novel therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis may be evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Allam
- Immunology Section, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Immunology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Gaber
- Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Wang C, Chen R, Shi M, Cai J, Shi J, Yang C, Li H, Lin Z, Meng X, Liu C, Niu Y, Xia Y, Zhao Z, Kan H, Weinberg CR. Possible Mediation by Methylation in Acute Inflammation Following Personal Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:484-493. [PMID: 29020142 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution may increase cardiovascular and respiratory risk through inflammatory pathways, but evidence for acute effects has been weak and indirect. Between December 2014 and July 2015, we enrolled 36 healthy, nonsmoking college students for a panel study in Shanghai, China, a city with highly variable levels of air pollution. We measured personal exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) continuously for 72 hours preceding each of 4 clinical visits that included phlebotomy. We measured 4 inflammation proteins and DNA methylation at nearby regulatory cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) loci. We applied linear mixed-effect models to examine associations over various lag times. When results suggested mediation, we evaluated methylation as mediator. Increased PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with all 4 inflammation proteins and negatively associated with DNA methylation at regulatory loci for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. A 10-μg/m3 increase in average PM2.5 during the 24 hours preceding blood draw corresponded to a 4.4% increase in TNF-α and a statistically significant decrease in methylation at one of the two studied candidate CpG loci for TNF-α. Epigenetics may play an important role in mediating effects of PM2.5 on inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjin Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huichu Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijing Lin
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Xia
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Na J, Bak DH, Im SI, Choi H, Hwang JH, Kong SY, No YA, Lee Y, Kim BJ. Anti‑apoptotic effects of glycosaminoglycans via inhibition of ERK/AP‑1 signaling in TNF‑α‑stimulated human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3090-3098. [PMID: 29436595 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) serve an important role in protecting the skin against the effects of aging. A previous clinical trial by our group identified that a cream containing GAGs reduced wrinkles and increased skin elasticity, dermal density and skin tightening. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the anti‑aging effect of GAGs has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study assessed the influence of GAGs on cell viability, collagen synthesis and collagen synthesis‑associated signaling pathways in tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)‑stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs); an in vitro model of aging. The results demonstrated that GAGs restored type I collagen synthesis and secretion by inhibiting extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in TNF‑α‑stimulated HDFs. However, GAGs did not activate c‑jun N‑terminal kinase or p38. It was determined that GAGs suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream transcription factors of ERK activation, activator protein‑1 (AP‑1; c‑fos and c‑jun), leading to a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase‑1 (MMP‑1) levels and the upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‑1 in TNF‑α‑stimulated HDFs. In addition, GAGs attenuated the apoptosis of HDFs induced by TNF‑α. The current study revealed a novel mechanism: GAGs serve a crucial role in ameliorating TNF‑α‑induced MMP‑1 expression, which causes type I collagen degeneration via the inactivation of ERK/AP‑1 signaling in HDFs. The results of the present study indicate the potential application of GAGs as effective anti‑aging agents that induce wrinkle reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Im
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangtae Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Hwang
- Taeyoung Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13467, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kong
- Taeyoung Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13467, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon A No
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
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40
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Peck MJ, Sanders EB, Scherer G, Lüdicke F, Weitkunat R. Review of biomarkers to assess the effects of switching from cigarettes to modified risk tobacco products. Biomarkers 2018; 23:213-244. [PMID: 29297706 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1419284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Context: One approach to reducing the harm caused by cigarette smoking, at both individual and population level, is to develop, assess and commercialize modified risk alternatives that adult smokers can switch to. Studies to demonstrate the exposure and risk reduction potential of such products generally involve the measuring of biomarkers, of both exposure and effect, sampled in various biological matrices.Objective: In this review, we detail the pros and cons for using several biomarkers as indicators of effects of changing from conventional cigarettes to modified risk products.Materials and methods: English language publications between 2008 and 2017 were retrieved from PubMed using the same search criteria for each of the 25 assessed biomarkers. Nine exclusion criteria were applied to exclude non-relevant publications.Results: A total of 8876 articles were retrieved (of which 7476 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria). The literature indicates that not all assessed biomarkers return to baseline levels following smoking cessation during the study periods but that nine had potential for use in medium to long-term studies.Discussion and conclusion: In clinical studies, it is important to choose biomarkers that show the biological effect of cessation within the duration of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Lüdicke
- Research & Development, Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Weitkunat
- Research & Development, Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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41
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Ray M, Autieri MV. Regulation of pro- and anti-atherogenic cytokines. Cytokine 2017; 122:154175. [PMID: 29221669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in prevention and treatment, vascular diseases continue to account for significant morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Incidence is expected to worsen as the number of patients with common co-morbidities linked with atherosclerotic vascular disease, such as obesity and diabetes, continues to increase, reaching epidemic proportions. Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven vascular inflammatory disease involving multiple cell types in various stages of inflammation, activation, apoptosis, and necrosis. One commonality among these cell types is that they are activated and communicate with each other in a paracrine fashion via a complex network of cytokines. Cytokines mediate atherogenesis by stimulating expression of numerous proteins necessary for induction of a host of cellular responses, including inflammation, extravasation, proliferation, apoptosis, and matrix production. Cytokine expression is regulated by a number of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In this context, proteins that control and fine-tune cytokine expression can be considered key players in development of atherosclerosis and also represent targets for rational drug therapy to combat this disease. This review will describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive atherosclerotic plaque progression and present key cytokines that participate in this process. We will also describe RNA binding proteins that mediate cytokine mRNA stability and regulate cytokine abundance. Identification and characterization of the cytokines and proteins that regulate their abundance are essential to our ability to identify therapeutic approaches to ameliorate atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Morel S, Kwak B, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Steffens S, Molica F. Adipokines at the crossroad between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:553-66. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-06-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObesity, and especially excessive visceral adipose tissue accumulation, is considered as a low-grade inflammatory state that is responsible for adipocyte dysfunction and associated metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue displays endocrine functions by releasing pro- or antiinflammatory bioactive molecules named adipokines. An altered expression of these molecules, provoked by obesity or adipocyte dysregulation, contributes to major metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus that are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, obesity is also characterised by the expansion of perivascular adipose tissue that acts locally via diffusion of adipokines into the vascular wall. Local inflammation within blood vessels induced by adipokines contributes to the onset of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and thrombosis, but also to vascular remodelling and hypertension. A fast expansion of obesity is expected in the near future, which will rapidly increase the incidence of these cardiovascular diseases. The focus of this review is to summarise the link between metabolic and cardiovascular disease and discuss current treatment approaches, limitations and future perspectives for more targeted therapies.
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Lv J, Xiong W, Lei T, Wang H, Sun M, Hao E, Wang Z, Huang X, Deng S, Deng J, Wang Y. Amygdalin ameliorates the progression of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor‑deficient mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8171-8179. [PMID: 28983592 PMCID: PMC5779902 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal in the regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses in atherosclerosis, a chronic autoimmune-like disease. In the authors' previous studies, it was demonstrated that amygdalin ameliorated atherosclerosis by the regulation of Tregs in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of amygdalin on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficient (LDLR−/−) mice, and to examine its immune regulatory function by the stimulation of Tregs. To establish an atherosclerosis mouse model, the LDLR−/− mice were fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet then the total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and chemokines levels were measured by an ELISA. Following sacrificing the mice, the upper sections of the aorta were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and Oil red O to assess the plaque area. Then western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were performed to analysis the expression levels of cluster of differentiation 68, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3). To further confirm the activation of FOXP3 by amygdalin, lentiviruses carrying Foxp3 shRNA were injected into the mice, and the serum cytokines levels were measured by ELISA. Following feeding of the mice with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, the LDLR−/− mice demonstrated comparatively higher levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL, compared with levels in the amygdalin-treated mice. By comparing the vessel area, lumen area, plaque area, and percentage aortic plaque coverage, the effects of amygdalin on pre-existing lesions were assessed. In addition, the levels of CD68, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed, and analysis of the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α indicated that the mice treated with amygdalin had decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The mRNA and protein levels of Foxp3 were also quantified, and the mice treated with amygdalin demonstrated an increased number of Tregs. The knockdown of Foxp3mRNA resulted in the increased secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Therefore, the data indicated that amygdalin regulated the formation of atherosclerosis and stabilized the plaque by suppressing inflammatory responses and promoting the immune-modulation function of Tregs. Taken together, the results demonstrated the therapeutic effect of amygdalin on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Minghan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Muñoz JC, Martín R, Alonso C, Gutiérrez B, Nieto ML. Relation between serum levels of chemotaxis-related factors and the presence of coronary artery calcification as expression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1048-1055. [PMID: 28830786 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque formation is characterized by recruitment of monocytes/macrophages, which contributes to its calcification by releasing pro-osteogenic cytokines. Chemotaxis-related proteins, including netrin-1, gremlin-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), regulate immune cell migration. However, their relation with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis, assessed by measures of coronary artery calcifications (CAC) in patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD), remains unclear. AIMS To examine whether these chemoattractant-related proteins are associated with the presence of CAC in patients without known CAD. METHODS A retrospective case-control observational study was conducted in 120 outpatients without CAD, undergoing a CAC evaluation by computed tomography with the Agatston Calcium score, categorized as CAC- (none) and CAC+ (≥1). Serum biomarkers were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Lpa, dyslipidaemia and smoking were significantly higher (p=0.006, p≤0.0001 and p=0.001, respectively) in CAC+ patients. Serum netrin-1 levels were lower in CAC+ than in CAC- patients (196.8±127.8pg/ml versus 748.3±103.2pg/ml, p≤0.0001), and a similar pattern was found for gremlin-1 (1.14±0.39ng/ml versus 4.33±1.20ng/ml, p≤0.0001). However, TNFα and MIP-1β were strongly upregulated in CAC+ patients (447.56±74pg/ml versus 1104±144pg/ml and 402.00±94pg/ml versus 905.0±101.6pg/ml, respectively, p≤0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that low netrin-1 and gremlin-1 levels and high TNFα and MIP-1β amounts were associated with CAC presence, after adjustment for clinical and biochemical variables. CONCLUSIONS We found a netrin-1 and gremlin-1 deficiency and a TNFα and MIP-1β overproduction in CAC+ patients' serum. These proteins may be used to identify individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis. Further research is warranted in a larger cohort of patients to establish these chemotactic-related proteins as biomarkers that improve CAD risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Muñoz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-UVa, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-UVa, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-UVa, Valladolid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Suppressing TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Activation. Inflammation 2017; 40:2042-2051. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Urbano RL, Furia C, Basehore S, Clyne AM. Stiff Substrates Increase Inflammation-Induced Endothelial Monolayer Tension and Permeability. Biophys J 2017; 113:645-655. [PMID: 28793219 PMCID: PMC5550298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and inflammation are associated with atherosclerosis, and each have individually been shown to increase endothelial monolayer tension and permeability. The objective of this study was to determine if substrate stiffness enhanced endothelial monolayer tension and permeability in response to inflammatory cytokines. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured at confluence on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness and treated with either tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) or thrombin. Monolayer tension was measured through vinculin localization at the cell membrane, traction force microscopy, and phosphorylated myosin light chain quantity and actin fiber colocalization. Cell permeability was measured by cell-cell junction confocal microscopy and a dextran permeability assay. When treated with TNFα or thrombin, endothelial monolayers on stiffer substrates showed increased traction forces, vinculin at the cell membrane, and vinculin phosphorylation, suggesting elevated monolayer tension. Interestingly, VE-cadherin shifted toward a smaller molecular weight in endothelial monolayers on softer substrates, which may relate to increased VE-cadherin endocytosis and degradation. Phosphorylated myosin light chain colocalization with actin stress fibers increased in endothelial monolayers treated with TNFα or thrombin on stiffer substrates, indicating elevated cell monolayer contractility. Endothelial monolayers also developed focal adherens intercellular junctions and became more permeable when cultured on stiffer substrates in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines. Whereas each of these effects was likely mitigated by Rho/ROCK, Rho/ROCK pathway inhibition via Y27632 disrupted cell-cell junction morphology, showing that cell contractility is required to maintain adherens junction integrity. These data suggest that stiff substrates change intercellular junction protein localization and degradation, which may counteract the inflammation-induced increase in endothelial monolayer tension and thereby moderate inflammation-induced junction loss and associated endothelial monolayer permeability on stiffer substrates.
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Moura MF, Navarro TP, Silva TA, Cota LOM, Soares Dutra Oliveira AM, Costa FO. Periodontitis and Endothelial Dysfunction: Periodontal Clinical Parameters and Levels of Salivary Markers Interleukin-1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-2 Complex, and Nitric Oxide. J Periodontol 2017; 88:778-787. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Faria Moura
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Túlio Pinho Navarro
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Singhal RK, Rai B. sTNF-R Levels: Apical Periodontitis Linked to Coronary Heart Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:68-71. [PMID: 28293320 PMCID: PMC5320911 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different studies have implicated the exposure to systemic conditions in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases like chronic inflammation including chronic periodontitis. AIM The present study has been conducted to examine whether biomarker sTNF-R was elevated in apical periodontitis as sTNF-R is a systemic marker of inflammation and has been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS sTNF-R levels were measured in 52 patients with apical periodontitis (M:F::25:27), aged 20-45 years and in 20 control patients without periodontitis (M:F::10:10, aged 20-48 years). Measurement of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 was carried out in duplicate with standardised, commercially available enzyme immunoassays (R&D Systems Europe, Abingdon, UK). RESULTS The mean sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 levels in periodontitis were 820 (240) pg/ml (413 - 1620 pg/ml) and 1309 (403) pg/ml (540 - 2430 pg/ml), while in normal sTNF-R1 and sTNF - R2 levels were 740 (340) pg/ml (407-1240 pg/ml) and 1283 (414) pg (480 - 2340 pg/ml) respectively. Results indicated a positive high relationship between cardiovascular markers such as sTNF-R1 and sTNF - R2 and apical periodontitis. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of sTNF-R1 and sTNF - R2 in apical periodontitis patients indicate an increased independent risk of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish K. Singhal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Gwalior (M.P), India
| | - Balwant Rai
- World Dental Networks, Denmark, Chief, JBR Society, India; Director, KSI, USA
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Kim M, Kim M, Han JY, Lee SH, Jee SH, Lee JH. The metabolites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed greater differences between patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls than those in plasma. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:130-138. [PMID: 28185532 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116678157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine differences between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the plasma metabolites in patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. In all, 65 nononobese patients (aged 30-70 years) with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and 65 nonobese sex-matched healthy controls were included, and fasting peripheral blood mononuclear cell and plasma metabolomes were profiled. The diabetic or impaired fasting glucose patients showed higher circulating and peripheral blood mononuclear cell lipoprotein phospholipase A2 activities, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α than controls. Compared with controls, impaired fasting glucose or diabetic subjects showed increases in 11 peripheral blood mononuclear cell metabolites: six amino acids (valine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan), l-pyroglutamic acid, two fatty acid amides containing palmitic amide and oleamide and two lysophosphatidylcholines. In impaired fasting glucose or diabetic patients, peripheral blood mononuclear cell lipoprotein phospholipase A2 positively associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysophosphatidylcholines and circulating inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 activities. In plasma metabolites between patients and healthy controls, we observed significant increases in only three amino acids (proline, valine and leucine) and decreases in only five lysophosphatidylcholines. This study demonstrates significant differences in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell metabolome in patients with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes compared with healthy controls. These differences were greater than those observed in the plasma metabolome. These data suggest peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a useful tool to better understand the inflammatory pathophysiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- 1 Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- 2 National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 3 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Han
- 4 Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- 5 Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- 6 Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- 1 Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 2 National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 3 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Du Q, Yao H, Yao L, Zhang Z, Lei X, Xu S. Selenium Deficiency Influences the Expression of Selenoproteins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Chicken Aorta Vessels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:501-13. [PMID: 27025720 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Selenium deficiency is known to cause cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of Se deficiency in causing oxidative damage and inflammation injury to the aorta vessels of chickens is not well known. In the present study, 180 1-day-old chickens were randomly divided into two groups, a low-Se group (L group) and a control-Se group (C group). The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of 25 selenoproteins, the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (including NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, and PTGES), and the antioxidant levels in chicken aorta vessels were examined. The results showed that the mRNA levels of 25 selenoproteins and the activity of Gpx were decreased, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and the MDA content were increased by Se deficiency in chicken aorta vessels. The data from the present study indicated that Se deficiency decreases the expression of selenoproteins, reduces antioxidant function, and increases the expression of inflammatory factors in chicken aorta vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingen Lei
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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