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Mahdizade Ari M, Dadgar L, Elahi Z, Ghanavati R, Taheri B. Genetically Engineered Microorganisms and Their Impact on Human Health. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:6638269. [PMID: 38495751 PMCID: PMC10944348 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6638269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, the decreased effectiveness of conventional therapies, and the side effects have led researchers to seek a safer, more cost-effective, patient-friendly, and effective method that does not develop antibiotic resistance. With progress in synthetic biology and genetic engineering, genetically engineered microorganisms effective in treatment, prophylaxis, drug delivery, and diagnosis have been developed. The present study reviews the types of genetically engineered bacteria and phages, their impacts on diseases, cancer, and metabolic and inflammatory disorders, the biosynthesis of these modified strains, the route of administration, and their effects on the environment. We conclude that genetically engineered microorganisms can be considered promising candidates for adjunctive treatment of diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dadgar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Elahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Debnath N, Yadav P, Mehta PK, Gupta P, Kumar D, Kumar A, Gautam V, Yadav AK. Designer probiotics: Opening the new horizon in diagnosis and prevention of human diseases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:100-117. [PMID: 37881101 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms have been used for therapeutic purposes for over a century, and recent advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for developing therapeutic approaches using indigenous probiotic microorganisms. Diseases are often related to metabolic and immunological factors, which play a critical role in their onset. With the help of advanced genetic tools, probiotics can be modified to produce or secrete important therapeutic peptides directly into mucosal sites, increasing their effectiveness. One potential approach to enhancing human health is through the use of designer probiotics, which possess immunogenic characteristics. These genetically engineered probiotics hold promise in providing novel therapeutic options. In addition to their immunogenic properties, designer probiotics can also be equipped with sensors and genetic circuits, enabling them to detect a range of diseases with remarkable precision. Such capabilities may significantly advance disease diagnosis and management. Furthermore, designer probiotics have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications, offering a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to conventional diagnostic techniques. This review offers an overview of the different functional aspects of the designer probiotics and their effectiveness on different diseases and also, we have emphasized their limitations and future implications. A comprehensive understanding of these functional attributes may pave the way for new avenues of prevention and the development of effective therapies for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Praveen K Mehta
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok K Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
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Jacquet A. Perspectives in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Molecular Evolution of Peptide- and Protein-Based Strategies. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:203-223. [PMID: 31416410 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190718152534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific Immunotherapy (AIT), through repetitive subcutaneous or sublingual administrations of allergen extracts, represents up to now the unique treatment against allergic sensitizations. However, the clinical efficacy of AIT can be largely dependent on the quality of natural allergen extracts. Moreover, the long duration and adverse side effects associated with AIT negatively impact patient adherence. Tremendous progress in the field of molecular allergology has made possible the design of safer, shorter and more effective new immunotherapeutic approaches based on purified and characterized natural or recombinant allergen derivatives and peptides. This review will summarize the characteristics of these different innovative vaccines including their effects in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Kang M, Choe D, Kim K, Cho BK, Cho S. Synthetic Biology Approaches in The Development of Engineered Therapeutic Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228744. [PMID: 33228099 PMCID: PMC7699352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the intimate relationship between microbes and human health has been uncovered, microbes have been in the spotlight as therapeutic targets for several diseases. Microbes contribute to a wide range of diseases, such as gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes and cancer. However, as host-microbiome interactions have not been fully elucidated, treatments such as probiotic administration and fecal transplantations that are used to modulate the microbial community often cause nonspecific results with serious safety concerns. As an alternative, synthetic biology can be used to rewire microbial networks such that the microbes can function as therapeutic agents. Genetic sensors can be transformed to detect biomarkers associated with disease occurrence and progression. Moreover, microbes can be reprogrammed to produce various therapeutic molecules from the host and bacterial proteins, such as cytokines, enzymes and signaling molecules, in response to a disturbed physiological state of the host. These therapeutic treatment systems are composed of several genetic parts, either identified in bacterial endogenous regulation systems or developed through synthetic design. Such genetic components are connected to form complex genetic logic circuits for sophisticated therapy. In this review, we discussed the synthetic biology strategies that can be used to construct engineered therapeutic microbes for improved microbiome-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Donghui Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
- Innovative Biomaterials Research Center, KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Suhyung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (M.K.); (D.C.); (K.K.)
- Innovative Biomaterials Research Center, KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.C.); (S.C.)
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Microbial therapeutics for acute colitis based on genetically modified Lactococcus lactis hypersecreting IL-1Ra in mice. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1627-1636. [PMID: 32989233 PMCID: PMC7520878 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Western and rapidly Westernizing developing countries poses a global pandemic threat. The development of affordable drugs for treating IBD worldwide is thus a priority. Genetically modified lactic acid bacteria (gmLAB) as microbial therapeutics are inexpensive protein producers suitable for use as carriers of protein to the intestinal mucosa. Here, we successfully constructed gmLAB hypersecreting interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Oral administration of these gmLAB suppressed body weight reduction and exacerbation of the disease activity index score in mice with acute colitis and decreased the number of CD4+ IL-17A+ cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data suggest that the gmLAB deliver IL-1Ra to the colon, where it inhibits IL-1 signaling. We thus developed a novel IBD therapeutic that blocks IL-1 signaling using a gmLAB protein delivery system. This system could be an inexpensive oral microbial therapeutic. Genetically reprogrammed bacteria can facilitate the efficient delivery of a therapeutic protein for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) inhibits the immune cells that attack the intestinal lining in IBD patients, but current administration strategies are associated with serious side effects. Takeshi Shimosato and colleagues at Shinshu University in Nagano, Japan, have engineered the microbe Lactococcus lactis to secrete high levels of IL-1Ra. The researchers dosed mice orally with these bacteria, which released IL-1Ra into the intestinal tissue. This treatment proved safe and effectively reduced inflammation and associated symptoms in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. L. lactis has previously been tested as a probiotic in clinical trials, and may therefore offer an appealing alternative to subcutaneous administration of IBD drugs in human patients.
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Engineering the gut microbiota to treat chronic diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7657-7671. [PMID: 32696297 PMCID: PMC7484268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes play vital roles in host health and disease. A number of commensal bacteria have been used as vectors for genetic engineering to create living therapeutics. This review highlights recent advances in engineering gut bacteria for the treatment of chronic diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoimmune disorders. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial homing to tumors has been exploited to deliver therapeutics in mice models. • Engineered bacteria show promise in mouse models of metabolic diseases. • Few engineered bacterial treatments have advanced to clinical studies.
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Cook DP, Cunha JPMCM, Martens PJ, Sassi G, Mancarella F, Ventriglia G, Sebastiani G, Vanherwegen AS, Atkinson MA, Van Huynegem K, Steidler L, Caluwaerts S, Rottiers P, Teyton L, Dotta F, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Intestinal Delivery of Proinsulin and IL-10 via Lactococcus lactis Combined With Low-Dose Anti-CD3 Restores Tolerance Outside the Window of Acute Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1103. [PMID: 32582188 PMCID: PMC7295939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination treatment (CT) of proinsulin and IL-10 orally delivered via genetically modified Lactococcus lactis bacteria combined with low-dose anti-CD3 (aCD3) therapy successfully restores glucose homeostasis in newly diagnosed non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Tolerance is accompanied by the accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pancreas. To test the potential of this therapy outside the window of acute diabetes diagnosis, we substituted autoimmune diabetic mice, with disease duration varying between 4 and 53 days, with syngeneic islets at the time of therapy initiation. Untreated islet recipients consistently showed disease recurrence after 8.2 ± 0.7 days, while 32% of aCD3-treated and 48% of CT-treated mice remained normoglycemic until 6 weeks after therapy initiation (P < 0.001 vs. untreated controls for both treatments, P < 0.05 CT vs. aCD3 therapy). However, mice that were diabetic for more than 2 weeks before treatment initiation were less efficient at maintaining normoglycemia than those treated within 2 weeks of diabetes diagnosis, particularly in the aCD3-treated group. The complete elimination of endogenous beta cell mass with alloxan at the time of diabetes diagnosis pointed toward the significance of continuous feeding of the islet antigen proinsulin at the time of aCD3 therapy for treatment success. The CT providing proinsulin protected 69% of mice, compared to 33% when an irrelevant antigen (ovalbumin) was combined with aCD3 therapy, or to 27% with aCD3 therapy alone. Sustained tolerance was accompanied with a reduction of IGRP+CD8+ autoreactive T cells and an increase in insulin-reactive (InsB12-20 or InsB13-2) Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs, with a specific accumulation of Foxp3+ Tregs around the insulin-containing islet grafts after CT with proinsulin. The combination of proinsulin and IL-10 via oral Lactococcus lactis with low-dose aCD3 therapy can restore tolerance to beta cells in autoimmune diabetic mice, also when therapy is started outside the window of acute diabetes diagnosis, providing persistence of insulin-containing islets or prolonged beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana P Cook
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Paulo Monteiro Carvalho Mori Cunha
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Sassi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Mancarella
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ventriglia
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - An-Sofie Vanherwegen
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Teyton
- The Teyton Lab, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Mateos-Hernández L, Risco-Castillo V, Torres-Maravilla E, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Alberdi P, Hodžić A, Hernández-Jarguin A, Rakotobe S, Galon C, Devillers E, de la Fuente J, Guillot J, Cabezas-Cruz A. Gut Microbiota Abrogates Anti-α-Gal IgA Response in Lungs and Protects against Experimental Aspergillus Infection in Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020285. [PMID: 32517302 PMCID: PMC7350254 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring human antibodies (Abs) of the isotypes IgM and IgG and reactive to the galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) epitope are associated with protection against infectious diseases, caused by pathogens expressing the glycan. Gut microbiota bacteria expressing α-Gal regulate the immune response to this glycan in animals lacking endogenous α-Gal. Here, we asked whether the production of anti-α-Gal Abs in response to microbiota stimulation in birds, confers protection against infection by Aspergillus fumigatus, a major fungal pathogen that expresses α-Gal in its surface. We demonstrated that the oral administration of Escherichia coli O86:B7 strain, a bacterium with high α-Gal content, reduces the occurrence of granulomas in lungs and protects turkeys from developing acute aspergillosis. Surprisingly, the protective effect of E. coli O86:B7 was not associated with an increase in circulating anti-α-Gal IgY levels, but with a striking reduction of anti-α-Gal IgA in the lungs of infected turkeys. Subcutaneous immunization against α-Gal did not induce a significant reduction of lung anti-α-Gal IgA and failed to protect against an infectious challenge with A. fumigatus. Oral administration of E. coli O86:B7 was not associated with the upregulation of lung cytokines upon A. fumigatus infection. We concluded that the oral administration of bacteria expressing high levels of α-Gal decreases the levels of lung anti-α-Gal IgA, which are mediators of inflammation and lung damage during acute aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.-H.); (S.R.); (C.G.); (E.D.)
| | - Veronica Risco-Castillo
- EA 7380 Dynamyc, UPEC, USC, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (V.R.-C.); (J.G.)
| | - Edgar Torres-Maravilla
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.T.-M.); (L.G.B.-H.)
| | - Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.T.-M.); (L.G.B.-H.)
| | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (P.A.); (A.H.-J.); (J.d.l.F.)
| | - Adnan Hodžić
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Angelica Hernández-Jarguin
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (P.A.); (A.H.-J.); (J.d.l.F.)
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas 87000, Mexico
| | - Sabine Rakotobe
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.-H.); (S.R.); (C.G.); (E.D.)
| | - Clemence Galon
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.-H.); (S.R.); (C.G.); (E.D.)
| | - Elodie Devillers
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.-H.); (S.R.); (C.G.); (E.D.)
| | - Jose de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (P.A.); (A.H.-J.); (J.d.l.F.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jacques Guillot
- EA 7380 Dynamyc, UPEC, USC, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (V.R.-C.); (J.G.)
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.M.-H.); (S.R.); (C.G.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-49-774-677
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Inda ME, Broset E, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Emerging Frontiers in Microbiome Engineering. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:952-973. [PMID: 31601521 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a significant impact on health and disease and can actively contribute to obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. We do not yet have the necessary tools to fine-tune the microbial communities that constitute the microbiome, though such tools could unlock extensive benefits to human health. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of technological tools that may be used for microbiome engineering. These tools can enable investigators to define the parameters of a healthy microbiome and to determine how gut bacteria may contribute to the etiology of a variety of diseases. These tools may also allow us to explore the exciting prospect of developing targeted therapies and personalized treatments for microbiome-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Inda
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Esther Broset
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Engineering of lactic acid bacteria for delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2053-2066. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Bennek E, Mandić AD, Verdier J, Roubrocks S, Pabst O, Van Best N, Benz I, Kufer T, Trautwein C, Sellge G. Subcellular antigen localization in commensal E. coli is critical for T cell activation and induction of specific tolerance. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:97-107. [PMID: 30327531 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral tolerance to soluble antigens is critically important for the maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the gut. The mechanisms of tolerance induction to antigens of the gut microbiota are still less well understood. Here, we investigate whether the subcellular localization of antigens within non-pathogenic E. coli has a role for its ability to induce antigen-specific tolerance. E. coli that express an ovalbumin (OVA) peptide in the cytoplasm, at the outer membrane or as secreted protein were generated. Intestinal colonization of mice with non-pathogenic E. coli expressing OVA at the membrane induced the expansion of antigen-specific Foxp3+ Tregs and mediated systemic immune tolerance. In contrast, cytoplasmic OVA was ignored by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and failed to induce tolerance. In vitro experiments revealed that surface-displayed OVA of viable E. coli was about two times of magnitude more efficient to activate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells than soluble antigens, surface-displayed antigens of heat-killed E. coli or cytoplasmic antigen of viable or heat-killed E. coli. This effect was independent of the antigen uptake efficiency in dendritic cells. In summary, our results show that subcellular antigen localization in viable E. coli strongly influences antigen-specific CD4+ cell expansion and tolerance induction upon intestinal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Bennek
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana D Mandić
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julien Verdier
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia Roubrocks
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niels Van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inga Benz
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung (ZMBE), Institut für Infektiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Sellge
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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12
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13
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Maddaloni M, Kochetkova I, Hoffman C, Pascual DW. Delivery of IL-35 by Lactococcus lactis Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2691. [PMID: 30515168 PMCID: PMC6255909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-35, a relatively newly discovered cytokine belonging to the larger IL-12 family, shows unique anti-inflammatory properties, believed to be associated with dedicated receptors and signaling pathways. IL-35 plays a pivotal role in the development and the function of both regulatory B (Bregs) and T cells (Tregs). In order to further its therapeutic potential, a dairy Lactococcus lactis strain was engineered to express murine IL-35 (LL-IL35), and this recombinant strain was applied to suppress collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Oral administration of LL-IL35 effectively reduced the incidence and disease severity of CIA. When administered therapeutically, LL-IL35 abruptly halted CIA progression with no increase in disease severity by reducing neutrophil influx into the joints. LL-IL35 treatment reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 3.7- and 8.5-fold, respectively, and increased IL-10 production compared to diseased mice. Foxp3+ and Foxp3- CD39+ CD4+ T cells were previously shown to be the Tregs responsible for conferring protection against CIA. Inquiry into their induction revealed that both CCR6+ and CCR6- Foxp3+or- CD39+ CD4+ T cells act as the source of the IL-10 induced by LL-IL35. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of engineered probiotics for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Maddaloni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Irina Kochetkova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - David W. Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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14
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Zahirović A, Lunder M. Microbial Delivery Vehicles for Allergens and Allergen-Derived Peptides in Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1449. [PMID: 30013543 PMCID: PMC6036130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy represents the only available curative approach to allergic diseases. The treatment has proven effective, but it requires repetitive administrations of allergen extracts over 3-5 years and is often associated with adverse events. This implies the need for novel therapeutic strategies with reduced side effects and decreased treatment time, which would improve patients' compliance. Development of vaccines that are molecularly well defined and have improved safety profile in comparison to whole allergen extracts represents a promising approach. Molecular allergy vaccines are based on major allergen proteins or allergen-derived peptides. Often, such vaccines are associated with lower immunogenicity and stability and therefore require an appropriate delivery vehicle. In this respect, viruses, bacteria, and their protein components have been intensively studied for their adjuvant capacity. This article provides an overview of the microbial delivery vehicles that have been tested for use in allergy immunotherapy. We review in vitro and in vivo data on the immunomodulatory capacity of different microbial vehicles for allergens and allergen-derived peptides and evaluate their potential in development of allergy vaccines. We also discuss relevant aspects and challenges concerning the use of microbes and their components in immunotherapy of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Zahirović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Lunder
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Abstract
Genetically engineered bacteria have the potential to diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases linked to the gastrointestinal tract, or gut. Such engineered microbes will be less expensive and invasive than current diagnostics and more effective and safe than current therapeutics. Recent advances in synthetic biology have dramatically improved the reliability with which bacteria can be engineered with the sensors, genetic circuits, and output (actuator) genes necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic functions. However, to deploy such bacteria in vivo, researchers must identify appropriate gut-adapted strains and consider performance metrics such as sensor detection thresholds, circuit computation speed, growth rate effects, and the evolutionary stability of engineered genetic systems. Other recent reviews have focused on engineering bacteria to target cancer or genetically modifying the endogenous gut microbiota in situ. Here, we develop a standard approach for engineering "smart probiotics," which both diagnose and treat disease, as well as "diagnostic gut bacteria" and "drug factory probiotics," which perform only the former and latter function, respectively. We focus on the use of cutting-edge synthetic biology tools, gut-specific design considerations, and current and future engineering challenges.
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16
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Martín R, Chain F, Miquel S, Motta JP, Vergnolle N, Sokol H, Langella P. Using murine colitis models to analyze probiotics-host interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:S49-S70. [PMID: 28830096 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host'. So, to consider a microorganism as a probiotic, a demonstrable beneficial effect on the health host should be shown as well as an adequate defined safety status and the capacity to survive transit through the gastrointestinal tract and to storage conditions. In this review, we present an overview of the murine colitis models currently employed to test the beneficial effect of the probiotic strains as well as an overview of the probiotics already tested. Our aim is to highlight both the importance of the adequate selection of the animal model to test the potential probiotic strains and of the value of the knowledge generated by these in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Science, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, AB T3E 4N1, Canada.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne University - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75252 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Equipe de Recherche Labélisée (ERL) 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, 75012 Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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17
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Cook DP, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Lactococcus lactis As a Versatile Vehicle for Tolerogenic Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1961. [PMID: 29387056 PMCID: PMC5776164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified Lactococcus lactis bacteria have been engineered as a tool to deliver bioactive proteins to mucosal tissues as a means to exert both local and systemic effects. They have an excellent safety profile, the result of years of human consumption in the food industry, as well as a lack of toxicity and immunogenicity. Also, containment strategies have been developed to promote further application as clinical protein-based therapeutics. Here, we review technological advancements made to enhanced the potential of L. lactis as live biofactories and discuss some examples of tolerogenic immunotherapies mediated by mucosal drug delivery via L. lactis. Additionally, we highlight their use to induce mucosal tolerance by targeted autoantigen delivery to the intestine as an approach to reverse autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana P Cook
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Moingeon P, Lombardi V, Baron-Bodo V, Mascarell L. Enhancing Allergen-Presentation Platforms for Sublingual Immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:23-31. [PMID: 28065340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) relies on high doses of allergens to treat patients with type I allergies. Although SLIT is commonly performed without any adjuvant or delivery system, allergen(s) could be further formulated with allergen-presentation platforms to better target oral dendritic cells eliciting regulatory immune responses. Improving the availability of allergens to the immune system should enhance SLIT efficacy, while allowing to decrease allergen dosing. Herein, we present an overview of adjuvants and vector systems that have been, or could be, considered as candidate allergen-presentation platforms for the sublingual route. Such platforms encompass adjuvants capable of stimulating allergen-specific TH1 and/or regulatory CD4+ T-cell responses, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, glucocorticoids, Toll-like receptor ligands as well as selected bacterial probiotic strains. A limiting factor for SLIT efficacy is the number of dendritic cells capturing the allergens in the upper layers of oral tissues. Thus, adsorption or encapsulation of the allergen(s) within mucoadhesive particulate vector (or delivery) systems also has the potential to significantly enhance SLIT efficacy due to a facilitated allergen uptake by tolerogenic oral dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moingeon
- Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France.
| | - V Lombardi
- Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France
| | - V Baron-Bodo
- Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France
| | - L Mascarell
- Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France
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19
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Sola-Oladokun B, Culligan EP, Sleator RD. Engineered Probiotics: Applications and Biological Containment. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:353-370. [PMID: 28125354 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered probiotics represent the next generation of whole cell-mediated biotherapeutics. Advances in synthetic biology, genome engineering, and DNA sequencing and synthesis have enabled scientists to design and develop probiotics with increased stress tolerance and the ability to target specific pathogens and their associated toxins, as well as to mediate targeted delivery of vaccines, drugs, and immunomodulators directly to host cells. Herein, we review the most significant advances in the development of this field. We discuss the critical issue of biological containment and consider the role of synthetic biology in the design and construction of the probiotics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasola Sola-Oladokun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Eamonn P Culligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , , .,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Abstract
Mucosal vaccine based on lactic acid bacteria is an attractive strategy for prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Here we describe the development of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing house dust mite (HDM) allergen as an oral vaccine. The major HDM allergen Der p2 is first codon optimized and synthesized to achieve the maximum expression level in L. lactis. After double digested by NcoI and XbaI, the derp2 fragment is ligated to the same double-digested pNZ8148 vector. The ligation is transformed to L. lactis NZ9000 and correct transformant is verified by sequencing. Western blot analysis is employed to confirm Derp2 expression in L. lactis after nisin induction.
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21
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Secretion of an immunoreactive single-chain variable fragment antibody against mouse interleukin 6 by Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:341-349. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Liu KF, Liu XR, Li GL, Lu SP, Jin L, Wu J. Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis-expressing heat shock protein 65 and tandemly repeated IA2P2 prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Immunol Lett 2016; 174:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Shigemori S, Watanabe T, Kudoh K, Ihara M, Nigar S, Yamamoto Y, Suda Y, Sato T, Kitazawa H, Shimosato T. Oral delivery of Lactococcus lactis that secretes bioactive heme oxygenase-1 alleviates development of acute colitis in mice. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:189. [PMID: 26608030 PMCID: PMC4658813 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal delivery of therapeutic proteins using genetically modified strains of lactic acid bacteria (gmLAB) is being investigated as a new therapeutic strategy. METHODS We developed a strain of gmLAB, Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 (NZ-HO), which secretes the anti-inflammatory molecule recombinant mouse heme oxygenase-1 (rmHO-1). The effects of short-term continuous oral dosing with NZ-HO were evaluated in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis as a model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). RESULTS We identified the secretion of rmHO-1 by NZ-HO. rmHO-1 was biologically active as determined with spectroscopy. Viable NZ-HO was directly delivered to the colon via oral administration, and rmHO-1 was secreted onto the colonic mucosa in mice. Acute colitis in mice was induced by free drinking of 3 % DSS in water and was accompanied by an increase in the disease activity index score and histopathological changes. Daily oral administration of NZ-HO significantly improved these colitis-associated symptoms. In addition, NZ-HO significantly increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α and IL-6 in the colon compared to a vector control strain. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of NZ-HO alleviates DSS-induced acute colitis in mice. Our results suggest that NZ-HO may be a useful mucosal therapeutic agent for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Shigemori
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan. .,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Food Production Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Kai Kudoh
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ihara
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan. .,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBS), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Shireen Nigar
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Suda
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatadate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan. .,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBS), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan. .,Department of Sciences of Functional Foods, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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24
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Cano-Garrido O, Seras-Franzoso J, Garcia-Fruitós E. Lactic acid bacteria: reviewing the potential of a promising delivery live vector for biomedical purposes. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:137. [PMID: 26377321 PMCID: PMC4573465 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a long history of safe exploitation by humans, being used for centuries in food production and preservation and as probiotic agents to promote human health. Interestingly, some species of these Gram-positive bacteria, which are generally recognized as safe organisms by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are able to survive through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), being capable to reach and colonize the intestine, where they play an important role. Besides, during the last decades, an important effort has been done for the development of tools to use LAB as microbial cell factories for the production of proteins of interest. Given the need to develop effective strategies for the delivery of prophylactic and therapeutic molecules, LAB have appeared as an appealing option for the oral, intranasal and vaginal delivery of such molecules. So far, these genetically modified organisms have been successfully used as vehicles for delivering functional proteins to mucosal tissues in the treatment of many different pathologies including GIT related pathologies, diabetes, cancer and viral infections, among others. Interestingly, the administration of such microorganisms would suppose a significant decrease in the production cost of the treatments agents since being live organisms, such vectors would be able to autonomously amplify and produce and deliver the protein of interest. In this context, this review aims to provide an overview of the use of LAB engineered as a promising alternative as well as a safety delivery platform of recombinant proteins for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cano-Garrido
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, 08140, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Alvarenga DM, Perez DA, Gomes-Santos AC, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Martins-Filho OA, Faria AMC, Cara DC, Andrade MC. Previous Ingestion of Lactococcus lactis by Ethanol-Treated Mice Preserves Antigen Presentation Hierarchy in the Gut and Oral Tolerance Susceptibility. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1453-64. [PMID: 26110492 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) consumption is able to disturb the ovalbumin (OVA)-oral tolerance induction by interfering on the function of antigen presenting cells (APC), down-regulating dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages and up-regulating B-lymphocytes and their function, which results in an overall allergic-type immune status. In this study, the potential of a priori administration of Lactococcus lactis (LL) in avoiding loss of oral tolerance in EtOH-treated mice was investigated. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice received, by oral route, ad libitum wild-type (WT) LL or heat-shock protein producer (Hsp65) LL for 4 consecutive days. Seven days later, mice were submitted to short-term high-dose EtOH treatment. After 24 hours, stomach, intestine, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) specimens were collected for biomarkers analysis. Following EtOH-treatment protocol, a group of animals underwent single-gavage OVA-tolerance protocol and sera samples collected for antibody analysis. RESULTS The ingestion of WT LL or Hsp65 LL is able to restore oral tolerance to OVA in EtOH-treated mice, by reducing local and systemic allergic outcomes such as gastric mast cells and gut-interleukin-4, as well as serum IgE. WT LL treatment prevents the decrease of mLN regulatory T cells induced by the EtOH treatment. Moreover, LL treatment preserves APC hierarchy and antigen presentation commitment in EtOH-treated mice, with conserved DC and macrophage activity over B lymphocytes in mLN and preserved macrophage activity over DC and B-cell subsets in the spleen. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that a priori ingestion of LL preserves essential mechanisms associated with oral tolerance induction that are disturbed by EtOH ingestion. Maintenance of mucosal homeostasis by preserving APC hierarchy and antigen presentation commitment could be associated with T-regulatory subset activities in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora M Alvarenga
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise A Perez
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana C Gomes-Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria C Faria
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise C Cara
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marileia C Andrade
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
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26
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Piñero-Lambea C, Ruano-Gallego D, Fernández LÁ. Engineered bacteria as therapeutic agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 35:94-102. [PMID: 26070111 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although bacteria are generally regarded as the causative agents of infectious diseases, most bacteria inhabiting the human body are non-pathogenic and some of them can be turned, after proper engineering, into 'smart' living therapeutics of defined properties for the treatment of different illnesses. This review focuses on recent developments to engineer bacteria for the treatment of diverse human pathologies, including inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune disorders, cancer, metabolic diseases and obesity, as well as to combat bacterial and viral infections. We discuss significant advances provided by synthetic biology to fully reprogram bacteria as human therapeutics, including novel measures for strict biocontainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Piñero-Lambea
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ruano-Gallego
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Kasarello K, Kwiatkowska-Patzer B, Lipkowski AW, Bardowski JK, Szczepankowska AK. Oral Administration of Lactococcus lactis Expressing Synthetic Genes of Myelin Antigens in Decreasing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1587-97. [PMID: 26026273 PMCID: PMC4462849 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is a human autoimmunological disease that causes neurodegeneration. One of the potential ways to stop its development is induction of oral tolerance, whose effect lies in decreasing immune response to the fed antigen. It was shown in animal models that administration of specific epitopes of the three main myelin proteins – myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), myelin basic protein (MBP), and proteolipid protein (PLP) – results in induction of oral tolerance and suppression of disease symptoms. Use of bacterial cells to produce and deliver antigens to gut mucosa seems to be an attractive method for oral tolerance induction in treatment of diseases with autoimmune background. Material/Methods Synthetic genes of MOG35-55, MBP85-97, and PLP139-151 myelin epitopes were generated and cloned in Lactococcus lactis under a CcpA-regulated promoter. The tolerogenic effect of bacterial preparations was tested on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. EAE was induced in rats by intradermal injection of guinea pig spinal cord homogenate into hind paws. Results Rats were administered preparations containing whole-cell lysates of L. lactis producing myelin antigens using different feeding schemes. Our study demonstrates that 20-fold, but not 4-fold, intragastric administration of autoantigen-expressing L. lactis cells under specific conditions reduces the clinical symptoms of EAE in rats. Conclusions The present study evaluated the use of myelin antigens produced in L. lactis in inhibiting the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. Obtained results indicate that application of such recombinant cells can be an attractive method of oral tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kasarello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Kwiatkowska-Patzer
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek K Bardowski
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K Szczepankowska
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Robert S, Van Huynegem K, Gysemans C, Mathieu C, Rottiers P, Steidler L. Trimming of two major type 1 diabetes driving antigens, GAD65 and IA-2, allows for successful expression in Lactococcus lactis. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:591-601. [PMID: 25576592 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by excessive immune reactions against auto-antigens of pancreatic β-cells. Restoring auto-antigen tolerance remains the superior therapeutic strategy. Oral auto-antigen administration uses the tolerogenic nature of the gut-associated immune system to induce antigen-specific tolerance. However, due to gastric degradation, proper mucosal product delivery often imposes a challenge. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis have proven to be effective and safe carriers for gastrointestinal delivery of therapeutic products: L. lactis secreting diabetes-associated auto-antigens in combination with interleukin (IL)-10 have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a well-defined mouse model for T1D. Here, we describe the construction of recombinant L. lactis secreting the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein ICA512 (IA-2), two major T1D-related auto-antigens. Attempts to secrete full size human GAD65 and IA-2 protein by L. lactis were unsuccessful. Trimming of GAD65 and IA-2 was investigated to optimise antigen secretion while maintaining sufficient bacterial growth. GAD65370-575 and IA-2635-979 showed to be efficiently secreted by recombinant L. lactis. Antigen secretion was verified by immunoblotting. Plasmid-derived GAD65 and IA-2 expression was combined in single strains with human IL-10 expression, a desired combination to allow tolerance induction. This study reports the generation of recombinant L. lactis secreting two major diabetes-related auto-antigens: human GAD65 and IA-2, by themselves or combined with the anti-inflammatory cytokine human IL-10. Prohibitive sequence obstacles hampering antigen secretion were resolved by trimming the full size proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Robert
- 1 Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ai C, Zhang Q, Ren C, Wang G, Liu X, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Genetically engineered Lactococcus lactis protect against house dust mite allergy in a BALB/c mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109461. [PMID: 25290938 PMCID: PMC4188596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucosal vaccine based on lactic acid bacteria is an attractive concept for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, but their mechanisms of action in vivo are poorly understood. Therefore, we sought to investigate how recombinant major dust mite allergen Der p2-expressing Lactococcus lactis as a mucosal vaccine induced the immune tolerance against house dust mite allergy in a mouse model. Methods Three strains of recombinant L. lactis producing Der p2 in different cell components (extracellular, intracellular and cell wall) were firstly constructed. Their prophylactic potential was evaluated in a Der p2-sensitised mouse model, and immunomodulation properties at the cellular level were determined by measuring cytokine production in vitro. Results Der p2 expressed in the different recombinant L. lactis strains was recognized by a polyclonal anti-Der p2 antibody. Oral treatment with the recombinant L. lactis prior sensitization significantly prevented the development of airway inflammation in the Der p2-sensitized mice, as determined by the attenuation of inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung tissues and decrease of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage. In addition, the serum allergen-specific IgE levels were significantly reduced, and the levels of IL-4 in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes cell cultures were also markedly decreased upon allergen stimulation in the mice fed with the recombinant L. lactis strains. These protective effects correlated with a significant up-regulation of regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Conclusion Oral pretreatment with live recombinant L. lactis prevented the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation primarily by the induction of specific mucosal immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (QZ); (WC)
| | - Chengcheng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (QZ); (WC)
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Robert S, Steidler L. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis can make the difference in antigen-specific immune tolerance induction, the Type 1 Diabetes case. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13 Suppl 1:S11. [PMID: 25185797 PMCID: PMC4155828 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-s1-s11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Especially in western civilizations, immune diseases that are driven by innocuous (auto- or allo-) antigens are gradually evolving to become pandemic threats. A particularly poignant example is type 1 diabetes, where young children are confronted with the perspective and consequences of total pancreatic β-cell destruction. Along these disquieting observations we find ourselves equipped with impressively accumulating molecular immunological knowledge on the ins and outs of these pathologies. Often, however, it is difficult to translate this wealth into efficacious medicines. The molecular understanding, the concept of oral tolerance induction, the benefit of using recombinant Lactococcus lactis therein and recent openings towards their clinical use may well enable turning all colors to their appropriate fields on this Rubik's cube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Robert
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Generation of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV-inhibiting peptides from β-lactoglobulin secreted by Lactococcus lactis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:393598. [PMID: 25157356 PMCID: PMC4137494 DOI: 10.1155/2014/393598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that hydrolysates of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) prepared using gastrointestinal proteases strongly inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity in vitro. In this study, we developed a BLG-secreting Lactococcus lactis strain as a delivery vehicle and in situ expression system. Interestingly, trypsin-digested recombinant BLG from L. lactis inhibited DPP-IV activity, suggesting that BLG-secreting L. lactis may be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Oral immunization with Lactococcus lactis-expressing EspB induces protective immune responses against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a murine model of colonization. Vaccine 2014; 32:3909-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Modulation of peanut-induced allergic immune responses by oral lactic acid bacteria-based vaccines in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6353-64. [PMID: 24770368 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy (PNA) has becoming a non-negligible health concern worldwide. Thus far, allergen-specific immunotherapy aimed at inducing mucosal tolerance has widely been regarded as a major management strategy for PNA. The safety profiles and the intrinsic probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) render them attractive delivery vehicles for mucosal vaccines. In the present study, we exploited genetically modified Lactococcus lactis to produce peanut allergen Ara h 2 via different protein-targeting systems and their immunomodulatory potency for allergic immune responses in mice were investigated. By comparison with the strain expressing the cytoplasmic form of Ara h 2 (LL1), the strains expressing the secreted and anchored forms of Ara h 2 (LL2 and LL3) were more potent in redirecting a Th2-polarized to a non-allergic Th1 immune responses. Induction of SIgA and regulatory T cells were also observed at the local levels by orally administration of recombinant L. lactis. Our results indicate that allergen-producing L. lactis strains modulated allergic immune responses and may be developed as promising mucosal vaccines for managing allergic diseases.
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Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Aubry C, Motta JP, Deraison C, Steidler L, Vergnolle N, Chatel JM, Langella P. Engineering lactococci and lactobacilli for human health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:278-83. [PMID: 23850097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food-grade lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are good candidates for the development of oral vectors, and are attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens, for mucosal delivery strategies. In this review, we summarize recent results on the use of LAB as mucosal delivery vectors for therapeutic proteins and DNA vaccines. Most of this work has been based on the model LAB, Lactococcus lactis, which is suitable for the heterologous expression of therapeutic proteins. Recombinant lactococci and lactobacilli strains expressing antiproteases and antioxidant enzymes have been tested successfully for their prophylactic and therapeutic effects in murine models of colitis. Recombinant lactococci secreting autoantigens have been found to be effective for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Also, recombinant lactococci delivering DNA were able to prevent a bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-allergic reaction in mice. We believe that these various coherent findings demonstrate the potential value of using LAB, particularly lactococci and lactobacilli strains, to develop novel vectors for the therapeutic delivery of proteins to mucosal surfaces. Further tests and in particular human clinical trials are now important next steps to conclude on the benefit of these approaches for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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de Azevedo M, Innocentin S, Dorella F, Rocha C, Mariat D, Pontes D, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V, Langella P, Chatel JM. Immunotherapy of allergic diseases using probiotics or recombinant probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:319-33. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.S.P. de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG); Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
- INRA; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
- AgroParisTech; UMR Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - S. Innocentin
- INRA; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
- AgroParisTech; UMR Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development Laboratory; Babraham Institute; Babraham Research Campus; Cambridge CB22 3AT UK
| | - F.A. Dorella
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG); Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - C.S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG); Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - D. Mariat
- INRA; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
- AgroParisTech; UMR Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - D.S. Pontes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Estadual da Paraíba; Campus V; João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - A. Miyoshi
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG); Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - V. Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG); Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - P. Langella
- INRA; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
- AgroParisTech; UMR Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - J.-M. Chatel
- INRA; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
- AgroParisTech; UMR Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
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Goldmann K, Hoffmann J, Eckl S, Spriewald BM, Ensminger SM. Attenuation of transplant arteriosclerosis by oral feeding of major histocompatibility complex encoding chitosan-DNA nanoparticles. Transpl Immunol 2012; 28:9-13. [PMID: 23220147 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One promising approach for the induction of transplant tolerance is the pre-treatment of transplant recipients with donor MHC-alloantigen. Our study focuses on the oral delivery of MHC-antigen encoding genes via chitosan-DNA nanoparticles to modulate the alloimmune response in order to reduce the development of transplant arteriosclerosis, the hallmark feature of chronic rejection after heart transplantation. Therefore, we performed fully allogeneic mouse abdominal aortic transplants using C57BL/6 (H2(b)) mice as donors and CBA.J (H2(k)) mice as recipients. Aortic grafts were analyzed by histology and morphometry on day 30 after transplantation, levels of circulating alloantibodies were detected by FACS analysis. Pre-treatment of recipient mice with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles encoding for K(b), one of the MHC-I molecules of the donor, resulted in a significant reduction of intimal proliferation compared to untreated controls. When Ovalbumin was fed instead of K(b) encoding nanoparticles (K(b)-NP) or Balb/c (H2(d)) grafts were used instead of C57BL/6 (H2(b)) grafts as antigen controls, both groups showed no reduction of intimal thickness indicating an antigen-specific mechanism. In addition, analysis of peripheral blood of the transplanted mice showed significant suppression of alloantibody formation in the K(b)-NP fed group compared to all other allogeneic transplanted groups suggesting modulation of the humoral immune response. These results demonstrate the potential of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles to induce K(b)-specific tolerance and to reduce the development of transplant arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goldmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 4A, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent reports on nonallergen-specific therapies for food allergy. These therapies are especially appealing for food allergy because unlike allergen-specific immunotherapy, they would allow the treatment of multiple food allergies in a single patient with one therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Chinese herbal therapy, anti-IgE, probiotics, engineered lactic acid bacteria, and helminth therapy are all examples of allergen nonspecific therapies that have been investigated in recent years. Although some have only been studied in animal models of food allergy, some are undergoing rigorous, human clinical trials. SUMMARY Increasing amounts of research are examining the efficacy and safety of nonallergen-specific therapies for food allergy. There is hope that clinicians will have effective treatments either as an alternative or as an adjunct to immunotherapy.
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Marietta EV, Murray JA. Animal models to study gluten sensitivity. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:497-511. [PMID: 22572887 PMCID: PMC3410984 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The initial development and maintenance of tolerance to dietary antigens is a complex process that, when prevented or interrupted, can lead to human disease. Understanding the mechanisms by which tolerance to specific dietary antigens is attained and maintained is crucial to our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases related to intolerance of specific dietary antigens. Two diseases that are the result of intolerance to a dietary antigen are celiac disease (CD) and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). Both of these diseases are dependent upon the ingestion of gluten (the protein fraction of wheat, rye, and barley) and manifest in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, respectively. These gluten-sensitive diseases are two examples of how devastating abnormal immune responses to a ubiquitous food can be. The well-recognized risk genotype for both is conferred by either of the HLA class II molecules DQ2 or DQ8. However, only a minority of individuals who carry these molecules will develop either disease. Also of interest is that the age at diagnosis can range from infancy to 70-80 years of age. This would indicate that intolerance to gluten may potentially be the result of two different phenomena. The first would be that, for various reasons, tolerance to gluten never developed in certain individuals, but that for other individuals, prior tolerance to gluten was lost at some point after childhood. Of recent interest is the concept of non-celiac gluten sensitivity, which manifests as chronic digestive or neurologic symptoms due to gluten, but through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. This review will address how animal models of gluten-sensitive disorders have substantially contributed to a better understanding of how gluten intolerance can arise and cause disease.
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The immunopathogenesis of celiac disease reveals possible therapies beyond the gluten-free diet. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:581-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Takiishi T, Korf H, Van Belle TL, Robert S, Grieco FA, Caluwaerts S, Galleri L, Spagnuolo I, Steidler L, Van Huynegem K, Demetter P, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA, Dotta F, Rottiers P, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Reversal of autoimmune diabetes by restoration of antigen-specific tolerance using genetically modified Lactococcus lactis in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1717-25. [PMID: 22484814 DOI: 10.1172/jci60530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current interventions for arresting autoimmune diabetes have yet to strike the balance between sufficient efficacy, minimal side effects, and lack of generalized immunosuppression. Introduction of antigen via the gut represents an appealing method for induction of antigen-specific tolerance. Here, we developed a strategy for tolerance restoration using mucosal delivery in mice of biologically contained Lactococcus lactis genetically modified to secrete the whole proinsulin autoantigen along with the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. We show that combination therapy with low-dose systemic anti-CD3 stably reverted diabetes in NOD mice and increased frequencies of local Tregs, which not only accumulated in the pancreatic islets, but also suppressed immune response in an autoantigen-specific way. Cured mice remained responsive to disease-unrelated antigens, which argues against excessive immunosuppression. Application of this therapeutic tool achieved gut mucosal delivery of a diabetes-relevant autoantigen and a biologically active immunomodulatory cytokine, IL-10, and, when combined with a low dose of systemic anti-CD3, was well tolerated and induced autoantigen-specific long-term tolerance, allowing reversal of established autoimmune diabetes. Therefore, we believe this method could be an effective treatment strategy for type 1 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Takiishi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Finamore A, Roselli M, Britti MS, Merendino N, Mengheri E. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis MB5 induce intestinal but not systemic antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in ovalbumin-immunized rats. J Nutr 2012; 142:375-81. [PMID: 22223570 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.148924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics may modulate the host immune response by mechanisms not yet fully understood. We evaluated the modulation of intestinal and systemic antigen-specific immune response by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or Bifidobacterium animalis MB5 in tolerized and immunized rats. Three groups of rats received orally LGG, B. animalis, or PBS (control) for 28 d. Each group was divided into two subgroups of tolerized or immunized rats receiving orally ovalbumin (OVA; 7 mg) or PBS on d 7, 9, and 11. All rats were immunized with OVA (300 μg) on d 14 and 21. In tolerized rats, the OVA-induced proliferative response of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen cells did not differ from control, indicating that the two probiotics maintained the tolerance. LGG and B. animalis in immunized rats reduced the OVA-induced proliferative response in MLN (P < 0.01) but not in spleen, whereas the proliferative response to anti-CD3 and concanavalin A of MLN and spleen cells as well as the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction were not affected by probiotic treatment, indicating OVA-specific hyporesponsiveness restricted to intestinal immunity. This hyporesponsiveness was associated with CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell expansion (P < 0.01) and increased IL-10 and TGFβ after LGG (P < 0.05), and increased apoptosis after B. animalis (P < 0.001) in MLN. In conclusion, we report a novel activity of LGG and B. animalis in inducing OVA-specific hyporesponsiveness in MLN of OVA-immunized rats that can be useful for a therapeutic strategy to prevent undesirable reactions to immunogenic antigens in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Finamore
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rome, Italy
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E. coli-produced BMP-2 as a chemopreventive strategy for colon cancer: a proof-of-concept study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:895462. [PMID: 22315590 PMCID: PMC3270523 DOI: 10.1155/2012/895462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a serious health problem, and novel preventive and therapeutical avenues are urgently called for. Delivery of proteins with anticancer activity through genetically modified bacteria provides an interesting, potentially specific, economic and effective approach here. Interestingly, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is an important and powerful tumour suppressor in the colon and is thus an attractive candidate protein for delivery through genetically modified bacteria. It has not been shown, however, that BMP production in the bacterial context is effective on colon cancer cells. Here we demonstrate that transforming E. coli with a cDNA encoding an ileal-derived mature human BMP-2 induces effective apoptosis in an in vitro model system for colorectal cancer, whereas the maternal organism was not effective in this respect. Furthermore, these effects were sensitive to cotreatment with the BMP inhibitor Noggin. We propose that prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer using transgenic bacteria is feasible.
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Wells J. Mucosal vaccination and therapy with genetically modified lactic acid bacteria. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012; 2:423-45. [PMID: 22129390 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022510-133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have proved to be effective mucosal delivery vehicles that overcome the problem of delivering functional proteins to the mucosal tissues. By the intranasal route, both live and killed LAB vaccine strains have been shown to elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses that afford protection against infectious challenges. To be effective via oral administration, frequent dosing over several weeks is required but new targeting and adjuvant strategies have clearly demonstrated the potential to increase the immunogenicity and protective immunity of LAB vaccines. Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis has been shown to induce antigen-specific oral tolerance (OT) to secreted recombinant antigens. LAB delivery is more efficient at inducing OT than the purified antigen, thus avoiding the need for purification of large quantities of antigen. This approach holds promise for new therapeutic interventions in allergies and antigen-induced autoimmune diseases. Several clinical and research reports demonstrate considerable progress in the application of genetically modified L. lactis for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). New medical targets are on the horizon, and the approval by several health authorities and biosafety committees of a containment system for a genetically modified L. lactis that secretes Il-10 should pave the way for new LAB delivery applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Wells
- Host-Microbe-Interactomics, University of Wageningen, Animal Sciences Department, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Recombinant lactic acid bacteria as mucosal biotherapeutic agents. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:499-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the largest immune organ in the body and is the primary route by which we are exposed to antigens. Tolerance induction is the default immune pathway in the gut, and the type of tolerance induced relates to the dose of antigen fed: anergy/deletion (high dose) or regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction (low dose). Conditioning of gut dendritic cells (DCs) by gut epithelial cells and the gut flora, which itself has a major influence on gut immunity, induces CD103(+) retinoic acid-dependent DC that induces Tregs. A number of Tregs are induced at mucosal surfaces. Th3 type Tregs are transforming growth factor-β dependent and express latency-associated peptide (LAP) on their surface and were discovered in the context of oral tolerance. Tr1 type Tregs (interleukin-10 dependent) are induced by nasal antigen and forkhead box protein 3(+) iTregs are induced by oral antigen and by oral administration of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Oral or nasal antigen ameliorates autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in animal models by inducing Tregs. Furthermore, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody is active at mucosal surfaces and oral or nasal anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody induces LAP(+) Tregs that suppresses animal models (experimental autoimmune encephalitis, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, lupus, arthritis, atherosclerosis) and is being tested in humans. Although there is a large literature on treatment of animal models by mucosal tolerance and some positive results in humans, this approach has yet to be translated to the clinic. The successful translation will require defining responsive patient populations, validating biomarkers to measure immunologic effects, and using combination therapy and immune adjuvants to enhance Treg induction. A major avenue being investigated for the treatment of autoimmunity is the induction of Tregs and mucosal tolerance represents a non-toxic, physiologic approach to reach this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard L Weiner
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jing H, Yong L, Haiyan L, Yanjun M, Yun X, Yu Z, Taiming L, Rongyue C, Liang J, Jie W, Li Z, Jingjing L. Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis delivered heat shock protein 65 attenuates atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Vaccine 2011; 29:4102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schwarzer M, Repa A, Daniel C, Schabussova I, Hrncir T, Pot B, Stepankova R, Hudcovic T, Pollak A, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Wiedermann U, Kozakova H. Neonatal colonization of mice with Lactobacillus plantarum producing the aeroallergen Bet v 1 biases towards Th1 and T-regulatory responses upon systemic sensitization. Allergy 2011; 66:368-75. [PMID: 20880132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as vehicles for mucosal delivery of recombinant allergens is an attractive concept for antigen-defined allergy prevention/treatment. Interventions with LAB are of increasing interest early in life when immune programming is initiated. Here, we investigated the effect of neonatal colonization with a recombinant LAB producing the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in a murine model of type I allergy. METHODS We constructed a recombinant Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum NCIMB8826 strain constitutively producing Bet v 1 to be used for natural mother-to-offspring mono-colonization of germ-free BALB/c mice. Allergen-specific immunomodulatory effects of the colonization on humoral and cellular immune responses were investigated prior and after sensitization to Bet v 1. RESULTS Mono-colonization with the Bet v 1 producing L. plantarum induced a Th1-biased immune response at the cellular level, evident in IFN-γ production of splenocytes upon stimulation with Bet v 1. After sensitization with Bet v 1 these mice displayed suppressed IL-4 and IL-5 production in spleen and mesenteric lymph node cell cultures as well as decreased allergen-specific antibody responses (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE) in sera. This suppression was associated with a significant up-regulation of the regulatory marker Foxp3 at the mRNA level in the spleen cells. CONCLUSION Intervention at birth with a live recombinant L. plantarum producing a clinically relevant allergen reduces experimental allergy and might therefore become an effective strategy for early intervention against the onset of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schwarzer
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
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Valenta R, Ferreira F, Focke-Tejkl M, Linhart B, Niederberger V, Swoboda I, Vrtala S. From allergen genes to allergy vaccines. Annu Rev Immunol 2010; 28:211-41. [PMID: 20192803 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergy is a hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 25% of the population. The structures of the most common allergens have been revealed through molecular cloning technology in the past two decades. On the basis of this knowledge of the sequences and three-dimensional structures of culprit allergens, investigators can now analyze the immune recognition of allergens and the mechanisms of allergic inflammation in allergic patients. Allergy vaccines have been constructed that are able to selectively target the aberrant immune responses in allergic patients via different pathways of the immune system. Here we review various types of allergy vaccines that have been developed based on allergen structures, results from their clinical application in allergic patients, and future strategies for allergen-specific immunotherapy and allergy prophylaxis.
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Rottiers P, De Smedt T, Steidler L. Modulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue functions with genetically modified Lactococcus lactis. Int Rev Immunol 2010; 28:465-86. [PMID: 19954359 DOI: 10.3109/08830180903197498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are a group of taxonomically diverse, Gram-positive food-grade bacteria that have been safely consumed throughout history. The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis, well-known for its use in the manufacture of cheese, can be genetically engineered and orally formulated to deliver therapeutic proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. This review focuses on the genetic engineering of Lactococcus lactis to secrete high-quality, correctly processed bioactive molecules derived from a eukaryotic background. The therapeutic applications of these genetically modified strains are discussed, with special regards to immunomodulation.
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Nanogram doses of alum-adjuvanted HBs antigen induce humoral immune response in mice when orally administered. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2010; 58:143-51. [PMID: 20165988 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-010-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity elicited by plant-based and other orally administered vaccines can serve as the first line of defense against most pathogens infecting through mucosal surfaces, but it is also considered for systemic immunity against blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis B (HB). Previous oral immunization trials based on multiple administration of high doses of HBs antigen elicited an immune response; however, a reproducible and long-lasting immunization protocol was difficult to design. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dose and timing of orally delivered alum-adsorbed antigen on the magnitude of the anti-HBs humoral response. Mice were immunized orally by gavage intubation or parenterally by intramuscular injection three times, once every 2 weeks, with doses of 5, 50, or 500 ng alum-adjuvanted HBsAg. A low dose (10 ng) of HBsAg was orally administered three times in different time intervals: 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The three consecutive 5-ng oral doses of the antigen induced immune response at the protective level (>or=10 mIU/ml), significantly higher than the reaction elicited by three 50 or 500 ng doses. In contrast, intramuscular delivery of these doses did not differ significantly; however, they induced a five to six times higher immune response than oral immunization. The 8-week period between each of the three oral immunizations appeared to be favorable to the anti-HBs humoral responses compared with the shorter schedules. The results presented here clearly identify the importance of low doses of antigen administered orally in extended intervals for a significantly higher anti-HBs response. This finding provides some indications concerning the strategy of orally administered vaccines, including plant-based ones.
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