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Oliero M, Alaoui AA, McCartney C, Santos MM. Colorectal cancer and inulin supplementation: the good, the bad, and the unhelpful. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae058. [PMID: 38984069 PMCID: PMC11231048 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic inulin has been vaunted for its potential to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Inulin fermentation resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids, primarily butyrate, has been reported to be associated with properties that are beneficial for gut health and has led to an increased consumption of inulin in the Western population through processed food and over-the-counter dietary supplements. However, in clinical trials, there is limited evidence of the efficacy of inulin in preventing colorectal cancer. Moreover, recent data suggest that improper inulin consumption may even be harmful for gastro-intestinal health under certain circumstances. The main objective of this review is to provide insight into the beneficial and potentially detrimental effects of inulin supplementation in the context of colorectal cancer prevention and enhancement of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Oliero
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claire McCartney
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuela M Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Liu YL, Xiang Z, Zhang BY, Zou YW, Chen GL, Yin L, Shi YL, Xu LL, Bi J, Wang Q. APOA5 alleviates reactive oxygen species to promote oxaliplatin resistance in PIK3CA-mutated colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9410-9436. [PMID: 38848145 PMCID: PMC11210231 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Although platinum-based chemotherapy is the frontline regimen for colorectal cancer (CRC), drug resistance remains a major challenge affecting its therapeutic efficiency. However, there is limited research on the correlation between chemotherapy resistance and lipid metabolism, including PIK3CA mutant tumors. In this present study, we found that PIK3CA-E545K mutation attenuated cell apoptosis and increased the cell viability of CRC with L-OHP treatment in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PIK3CA-E545K mutation promoted the nuclear accumulation of SREBP1, which promoted the transcription of Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5). APOA5 activated the PPARγ signaling pathway to alleviate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following L-OHP treatment, which contributed to cell survival of CRC cells. Moreover, APOA5 overexpression enhanced the stemness-related traits of CRC cells. Increased APOA5 expression was associated with PIK3CA mutation in tumor specimens and poor response to first-line chemotherapy, which was an independent detrimental factor for chemotherapy sensitivity in CRC patients. Taken together, this study indicated that PIK3CA-E545K mutation promoted L-OHP resistance by upregulating APOA5 transcription in CRC, which could be a potent target for improving L-OHP chemotherapeutic efficiency. Our study shed light to improve chemotherapy sensitivity through nutrient management in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250023, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Zhuo Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250023, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Bo-Ya Zhang
- China Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gui-Lai Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250023, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250023, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Yan-Long Shi
- Department of Oncology, 960 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Pathology, Navy 971 People’s Liberation Army Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingwang Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250023, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250023, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250023, China
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3
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Žukauskaitė G, Domarkienė I, Rančelis T, Kavaliauskienė I, Baronas K, Kučinskas V, Ambrozaitytė L. Putative protective genomic variation in the Lithuanian population. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230030. [PMID: 38626572 PMCID: PMC11021042 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic effect variants associated with survival and protection against complex diseases vary between populations due to microevolutionary processes. The aim of this study was to analyse diversity and distribution of effect variants in a context of potential positive selection. In total, 475 individuals of Lithuanian origin were genotyped using high-throughput scanning and/or sequencing technologies. Allele frequency analysis for the pre-selected effect variants was performed using the catalogue of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Comparison of the pre-selected effect variants with variants in primate species was carried out to ascertain which allele was derived and potentially of protective nature. Recent positive selection analysis was performed to verify this protective effect. Four variants having significantly different frequencies compared to European populations were identified while two other variants reached borderline significance. Effect variant in SLC30A8 gene may potentially protect against type 2 diabetes. The existing paradox of high rates of type 2 diabetes in the Lithuanian population and the relatively high frequencies of potentially protective genome variants against it indicate a lack of knowledge about the interactions between environmental factors, regulatory regions, and other genome variation. Identification of effect variants is a step towards better understanding of the microevolutionary processes, etiopathogenetic mechanisms, and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielė Žukauskaitė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Domarkienė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tautvydas Rančelis
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Kavaliauskienė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolis Baronas
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Jones AN, Scheurlen KM, Macleod A, Simon HL, Galandiuk S. Obesity and Inflammatory Factors in the Progression of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1403. [PMID: 38611081 PMCID: PMC11010915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity leads to a chronic pro-inflammatory state with systemic effects, including the alteration of macrophage metabolism. Tumor-associated macrophages have been linked to the formation of cancer through the production of metabolites such as itaconate. Itaconate downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a tumor-suppressing factor and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in M2-like macrophages. Similarly, leptin and adiponectin also influence macrophage cytokine expression and contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer via changes in gene expression within the PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway influences cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. This work provides a review of obesity-related hormones and inflammatory mechanisms leading to the development and progression of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify studies related to obesity and EOCRC, with keywords including 'EOCRC', 'obesity', 'obesity-related hormones', 'itaconate', 'adiponectin', 'leptin', 'M2a macrophage', and 'microbiome'. With this concept of pro-inflammatory markers contributing to EOCRC, increased use of chemo-preventative agents such as aspirin may have a protective effect. Elucidating this association between obesity-related, hormone/cytokine-driven inflammatory effects with EOCRC may help lead to new therapeutic targets in preventing and treating EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N. Jones
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Katharina M. Scheurlen
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Anne Macleod
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Hillary L. Simon
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Parajuli KR, Jung Y, Taichman RS. Abscisic acid signaling through LANCL2 and PPARγ induces activation of p38MAPK resulting in dormancy of prostate cancer metastatic cells. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:39. [PMID: 38624012 PMCID: PMC10804438 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one the most common malignancies in men. The high incidence of bone metastasis years after primary therapy suggests that disseminated tumor cells must become dormant, but maintain their ability to proliferate in the bone marrow. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress response molecule best known for its regulation of seed germination, stomal opening, root shoot growth and other stress responses in plants. ABA is also synthesized by mammalian cells and has been linked to human disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of ABA in regulating tumor dormancy via signaling through lanthionine synthetase C‑like protein 2 (LANCL2) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) receptors. ABA signaling in human PCa cell lines was studied using targeted gene knockdown (KD), western blotting, quantitative PCR, cell proliferation, migration, invasion and soft agar assays, as well as co‑culture assays with bone marrow stromal cells. The data demonstrated that ABA signaling increased the expression of p21, p27 and p16, while inhibiting viability, migration, invasion and colony size in a reversable manner without toxicity. ABA also induced p38MAPK activation and NR2F1 signaling. Targeted gene KD of LANCL2 and PPARγ abrogated the cellular responses to ABA. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ABA may induce dormancy in PCa cell lines through LANCL2 and PPARγ signaling, and suggest novel targets to manage metastatic PCa growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Raj Parajuli
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Russell S. Taichman
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Schöckel L, Woischke C, Surendran SA, Michl M, Schiergens T, Hölscher A, Glass F, Kreissl P, Klauschen F, Günther M, Ormanns S, Neumann J. PPARG activation promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines and enhances the antiproliferative effect of 5-fluorouracil. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:234. [PMID: 38378472 PMCID: PMC10877928 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a member of the nuclear receptor family. It is involved in the regulation of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, vascular homeostasis and inflammation. In addition, PPARG agonists, known as thiazolidinediones, are well established in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PPARGs role in cancer is a matter of debate, as pro- and anti-tumour properties have been described in various tumour entities. Currently, the specific role of PPARG in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS The prognostic impact of PPARG expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a case-control study using a matched pair selection of CRC tumours (n = 246) with either distant metastases to the liver (n = 82), lung (n = 82) or without distant metastases (n = 82). Its effect on proliferation as well as the sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was examined after activation, inhibition, and transient gene knockdown of PPARG in the CRC cell lines SW403 and HT29. RESULTS High PPARG expression was significantly associated with pulmonary metastasis (p = 0.019). Patients without distant metastases had a significantly longer overall survival with low PPARG expression in their tumours compared to patients with high PPARG expression (p = 0.045). In the pulmonary metastasis cohort instead, a trend towards longer survival was observed for patients with high PPARG expression in their tumour (p = 0.059). Activation of PPARG by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in proliferation of CRC cell lines. Inhibition of PPARG by its specific inhibitor GW9662 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PPARG significantly decreased proliferation. Activating PPARG significantly increased the CRC cell lines sensitivity to 5-FU while its inhibition decreased it. CONCLUSION The prognostic effect of PPARG expression depends on the metastasis localization in advanced CRC patients. Activation of PPARG increased malignancy associated traits such as proliferation in CRC cell lines but also increases sensitivity towards the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU. Based on this finding, a combination therapy of PPARG agonists and 5-FU-based chemotherapy constitutes a promising strategy which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Schöckel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Woischke
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sai Agash Surendran
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlies Michl
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and LMU Munich Germany, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Günther
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and LMU Munich Germany, Munich, Germany
- Innpath Institute for Pathology GmbH, Tirol Kliniken, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and LMU Munich Germany, Munich, Germany
- Innpath Institute for Pathology GmbH, Tirol Kliniken, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and LMU Munich Germany, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Hajjar R, Oliero M, Fragoso G, Ajayi AS, Alaoui AA, Vennin Rendos H, Calvé A, Cuisiniere T, Gerkins C, Thérien S, Taleb N, Dagbert F, Sebajang H, Loungnarath R, Schwenter F, Ratelle R, Wassef R, De Broux E, Richard C, Santos MM. Modulating Gut Microbiota Prevents Anastomotic Leak to Reduce Local Implantation and Dissemination of Colorectal Cancer Cells after Surgery. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:616-628. [PMID: 38010363 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anastomotic leak (AL) is a major complication in colorectal cancer surgery and consists of the leakage of intestinal content through a poorly healed colonic wound. Colorectal cancer recurrence after surgery is a major determinant of survival. We hypothesize that AL may allow cancer cells to escape the gut and lead to cancer recurrence and that improving anastomotic healing may prevent local implantation and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the association between AL and postoperative outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. Using mouse models of poor anastomotic healing, we assessed the processes of local implantation and dissemination of cancer cells. The effect of dietary supplementation with inulin and 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA), which activate PPAR-γ in the gut, on local anastomotic tumors was assessed in mice undergoing colonic surgery. Inulin and 5-ASA were also assessed in a mouse model of liver metastasis. RESULTS Patients experiencing AL displayed lower overall and oncologic survival than non-AL patients. Poor anastomotic healing in mice led to larger anastomotic and peritoneal tumors. The microbiota of patients with AL displays a lower capacity to activate the antineoplastic PPAR-γ in the gut. Modulation of gut microbiota using dietary inulin and 5-ASA reinforced the gut barrier and prevented anastomotic tumors and metastatic spread in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that preventing AL is paramount to improving oncologic outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Furthermore, they pave the way toward dietary targeting of PPAR-γ as a novel way to enhance healing and diminish cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Hajjar
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Manon Oliero
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Ayodeji Samuel Ajayi
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hervé Vennin Rendos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Annie Calvé
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Thibault Cuisiniere
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Claire Gerkins
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Sophie Thérien
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Nassima Taleb
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - François Dagbert
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frank Schwenter
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Richard Ratelle
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ramses Wassef
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eric De Broux
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Carole Richard
- Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Manuela M Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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8
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Xu L, Che S, Chen H, Liu Q, Shi J, Jin J, Hou Y. PPARγ agonist inhibits c-Myc-mediated colorectal cancer tumor immune escape. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1145-1154. [PMID: 37393598 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
As a master transcription factor, c-Myc plays an important role in promoting tumor immune escape. In addition, PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) regulates cell metabolism, inflammation, and tumor progression, while the effect of PPARγ on c-Myc-mediated tumor immune escape is still unclear. Here we found that cells treated with PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIOG) reduced c-Myc protein expression in a PPARγ-dependent manner. qPCR analysis showed that PIOG had no significant effect on c-Myc gene levels. Further analysis showed that PIOG decreased c-Myc protein half-life. Moreover, PIOG increased the binding of c-Myc to PPARγ, and induced c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, c-Myc increased PD-L1 and CD47 immune checkpoint protein expression and promoted tumor immune escape, while PIOG inhibited this event. These findings suggest that PPARγ agonist inhibited c-Myc-mediated tumor immune escape by inducing its ubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Suning Che
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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9
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Jia X, Qian J, Chen H, Liu Q, Hussain S, Jin J, Shi J, Hou Y. PPARγ agonist pioglitazone enhances colorectal cancer immunotherapy by inducing PD-L1 autophagic degradation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175749. [PMID: 37105516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint could be an effective antitumor strategy for multiple types of cancer, but it is low response rate for colorectal cancer patients with unclear mechanism. Here we found that PPARγ agonist pioglitazone could reduce PD-L1 protein levels without effect on its gene expression. Further analysis showed that pioglitazone induced PD-L1 autophagic degradation in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Pioglitazone promoted PD-L1 translocation to lysosome by immunofluorescence analysis, which was associated with the increased binding of PPARγ to PD-L1. Moreover the combined pioglitazone with PD-1 antibody enhanced colorectal tumor immunotherapy, which was involved in reduced PD-L1 levels and increased CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that PPARγ agonist could induce PD-L1 autophagic degradation resulting in increased colorectal tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Jin Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; Department of Oncology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shakeel Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; Department of Oncology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China.
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10
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Gou Q, Che S, Chen M, Chen H, Shi J, Hou Y. PPARγ inhibited tumor immune escape by inducing PD-L1 autophagic degradation. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 37096255 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint could increase antitumor immunotherapy for multiple types of cancer, but the response rate of patients is about 10%-40%. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and cancer progression, while the mechanism of PPARγ on cancer cell immune escape is still unclear. Here we found that PPARγ expression exhibits a positive correlation with activation of T cells in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by clinical analysis. Deficiency of PPARγ promoted immune escape of NSCLC by inhibiting T-cell activity, which was associated with increased PD-L1 protein level. Further analysis showed that PPARγ reduced PD-L1 expression independent of its transcriptional activity. PPARγ contains the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) interacting region motif, which acts as an autophagy receptor for PPARγ binding to LC3, leading to degradation of PD-L1 in lysosomes, which in turn suppresses NSCLC tumor growth by increasing T-cell activity. These findings suggest that PPARγ inhibits the tumor immune escape of NSCLC by inducing PD-L1 autophagic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suning Che
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Higuchi T, Takeuchi A, Munesue S, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Harashima A, Yamamoto Y, Tsuchiya H. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, zaltoprofen, inhibits the growth of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma cells by inducing PPARγ, p21, p27, and p53. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:939-950. [PMID: 36636023 PMCID: PMC10054153 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2166195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor and master transcription factor of adipogenesis-related genes, and has been reported as an antitumor target for chondrosarcomas. Herein, we show that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, zaltoprofen, induces the expression of PPARγ at the mRNA and protein levels, following the induction of PPARγ-activating factors, such as Krox20, C/EBPβ, and C/EBPα, in human extraskeletal chondrosarcoma H-EMC-SS cells. Upregulation of the cell cycle checkpoint proteins, p21, p27, and p53, was observed upon treatment of H-EMC-SS cells with zaltoprofen, which probably resulted in the inhibition of proliferation of these cells observed in vitro. Zaltoprofen treatment inhibited tumor growth, induced tumor cell apoptosis, and was well tolerated in a mouse model of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic effect of zaltoprofen that should promote further studies on the rational use of this drug for the effective treatment of sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ai Harashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Zhao J, Lee K, Toh HC, Lam KP, Neo SY. Unravelling the role of obesity and lipids during tumor progression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163160. [PMID: 37063269 PMCID: PMC10097918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the biochemical pathways in cancer promotes oncogenic transformations and metastatic potential. Recent studies have shed light on how obesity and altered lipid metabolism could be the driving force for tumor progression. Here, in this review, we focus on liver cancer and discuss how obesity and lipid-driven metabolic reprogramming affect tumor, immune, and stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment and, in turn, how alterations in these cells synergize to influence and contribute to tumor growth and dissemination. With increasing evidence on how obesity exacerbates inflammation and immune tolerance, we also touch upon the impact of obesity and altered lipid metabolism on tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keene Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Shi Yong Neo,
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Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Fu J, Liu X, Mi Z, Tao H, Fan H. Anoikis patterns exhibit distinct prognostic and immune landscapes in Osteosarcoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109684. [PMID: 36630752 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteosarcoma is highly aggressive and prone to metastasis, with a poor prognosis. Increasing evidence identified anoikis has a critical effect in tumor metastasis and invasion. However, the prognostic value of anoikis-related genes (ANRGs) in osteosarcoma and their role in the immune landscape of osteosarcoma remain unclear. METHODS The RNA sequencing and clinical data of patients with osteosarcoma were extracted from the TARGET and GEO databases, and ANRGs were identified from the GeneCards database. Unsupervised clustering analysis was employed to identify anoikis-related patterns. The ESTIMATE, TIMER and ssGSEA algorithms were used to assess the immune microenvironment of different subtypes. A prognostic signature based on the identified ANRGs was constructed via univariate, LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses. KEGG, GO and GSEA were used for functional enrichment of genes associated with different risk subtypes. qPCR, WB and IHC were used to validate the expression of candidate genes. RESULTS Two anoikis-related patterns with distinct clinical features and immune statuses were identified based on prognosis-related ANRGs. Cluster 2 had more active immunogenicity and a better prognosis than Cluster 1. Subsequently, we developed and validated an anoikis prognostic signature demonstrating excellent predictive ability for the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Anoikis risk score was positively associated with osteosarcoma metastasis and was identified as an independent prognostic marker. Additionally, a nomogram was established to predict the 3- and 5-year survival probability of patients with osteosarcoma. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that immune dysregulation was correlated with poor prognosis. Besides, patients in the low-risk group had higher infiltration levels of immune cells and more active immune function than patients in the high-risk group. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed several chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of different subtypes of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the role of ANRGs in osteosarcoma progression, providing insights into clinical decision making in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhenzhou Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huiren Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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14
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Scheurlen KM, Snook DL, Alfieri T, Littlefield AB, George JB, Seraphine C, Cook CN, Rochet A, Gaskins JT, Galandiuk S. Obesity hormones and itaconate mediating inflammation in human colon cancer cells - Another lead to early-onset colon cancer? Heliyon 2023; 9:e13132. [PMID: 36825172 PMCID: PMC9941943 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is a key feature of obesity and a hallmark of colon cancer (CC). The obesity-related hormones leptin and adiponectin alter inflammatory gene profiles in cancer, but their specific role in CC is unclear. We have previously studied the effects of leptin and the macrophage-specific mediator itaconate on M2-like macrophages. This current study evaluates their effects on CC cells. Methods HT-29 CC cells (derived from a young patient, stage III CC) were treated with either leptin, adiponectin, 4-octyl itaconate (OI) or dimethyl itaconate (DI). Gene expression after treatment was analyzed at four time points (3, 6, 18, and 24 h). Results CCL22 was upregulated after treatment with adiponectin (at 18 h [FC 16.3, p < 0.001]). IL-8 expression increased following both adiponectin (at 3 h [FC 68.1, p < 0.001]) and leptin treatments (at 6 h [FC 7.3, p < 0.001]), while OI induced downregulation of IL-8 (at 24 h [FC -5.0, p < 0.001]). CXCL10 was upregulated after adiponectin treatment (at 6 h [FC 3.0, p = 0.025]) and downregulated by both OI and DI at 24 h, respectively (OI [FC -10.0, p < 0.001]; DI [FC -10.0, p < 0.001]). IL-1β was upregulated after adiponectin treatment (at 3 h [FC 10.6, p < 0.001]) and downregulated by DI (at 24 h [FC -5.0, p < 0.001]). TNF-α expression was induced following adiponectin (at 6 h [FC 110.7, p < 0.001]), leptin (at 18 h [FC 5.8, p = 0.027]) and OI (at 3 h [FC 91.1, p = 0.001]). PPARγ was affected by both OI (at 3 h [FC 10.1, p = 0.031], at 24 h [FC -10.0, p = 0.031]) and DI (at 18 h [FC -1.7, p = 0.033]). Conclusions Obesity hormones directly affect inflammatory gene expression in HT29 CC cells, potentially enhancing cancer progression. Itaconate affects the prognostic marker PPARγ in HT29 CC cells. Leptin, adiponectin and itaconate may represent a link between obesity and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M. Scheurlen
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Dylan L. Snook
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Toriana Alfieri
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Andrew B. Littlefield
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Joan B. George
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Caden Seraphine
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Cheyenne N. Cook
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Andre Rochet
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jeremy T. Gaskins
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA,Corresponding author. @UofLDeptofSurg
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15
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Li Y, Chen G, Zhang K, Cao J, Zhao H, Cong Y, Qiao G. Integrated transcriptome and network analysis identifies EZH2/CCNB1/PPARG as prognostic factors in breast cancer. Front Genet 2023; 13:1117081. [PMID: 36712863 PMCID: PMC9873965 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1117081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has high morbidity, with significant relapse and mortality rates in women worldwide. Therefore, further exploration of its pathogenesis is of great significance. This study selected therapy genes and possible biomarkers to predict BC using bioinformatic methods. To this end, the study examined 21 healthy breasts along with 457 BC tissues in two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and then identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Survival-associated DEGs were screened using the Kaplan-Meier curve. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, survival-associated DEGs were mostly associated with cell division and cellular response to hormone stimulus. The enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway was mostly correlated with cell cycle and tyrosine metabolism. Using overlapped survival-associated DEGs, a survival-associated PPI network was constructed. PPI analysis revealed three hub genes (EZH2, CCNB1, and PPARG) by their degree of connection. These hub genes were confirmed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-BRCA dataset and BC tissue samples. Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the molecular mechanism of the potential therapy and prognostic genes were evaluated. Thus, hub genes were shown to be associated with KEGG_CELL_CYCLE and VANTVEER_BREAST_CANCER_POOR_PROGNOSIS gene sets. Finally, based on integrated bioinformatics analysis, this study identified three hub genes as possible prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for BC. The results obtained further understanding of the underground molecular mechanisms related to BC occurrence and prognostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jianqiao Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huishan Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yizi Cong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Yizi Cong, ; Guangdong Qiao,
| | - Guangdong Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Yizi Cong, ; Guangdong Qiao,
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16
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Hoefer CC, Hollon LK, Campbell JA. The Role of the Human Gutome on Chronic Disease: A Review of the Microbiome and Nutrigenomics. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:627-643. [PMID: 36368787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie C Hoefer
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB 3005, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Leah K Hollon
- Richmond Natural Medicine, National University of Natural Medicine Residency, 9211 Forest Hill Avenue, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Jennifer A Campbell
- Manchester University, College of Pharmacy, Natural, and Health Sciences, 10627 Diebold Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA
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Ishtiaq SM, Arshad MI, Khan JA. PPARγ signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights for cellular reprogramming and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108298. [PMID: 36243148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally. The therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases-associated liver cancers aimed at modulating immune check-points and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway during multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis that played a dispensable role in immunopathogenesis and outcomes of disease. Herein, the review highlights PPARγ-induced effects in balancing inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interplay of PPARγ, hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenic niche in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic crosstalk of hepatocarcinogenesis. PPARγ-mediated effects in pre-malignant microenvironment promote growth arrest, cell senescence and cell clearance in liver cancer pathophysiology. Furthermore, PPARγ-immune cell axis of liver microenvironment exhibits an immunomodulation strategy of resident immune cells of the liver (macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) in concomitance with current clinical guidelines of the European Association for Study of Liver Diseases (EASL) for several liver diseases. Thus, mechanistic insights of PPARγ-associated high value targets and canonical signaling suggest PPARγ as a possible therapeutic target in reprogramming of hepatocarcinogenesis to decrease burden of liver cancers, worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Momna Ishtiaq
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
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Development and Clinical Validation of a Novel 5 Gene Signature Based on Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3285393. [PMID: 36478991 PMCID: PMC9722305 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3285393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Lipid metabolism disorders play a crucial role in tumor development and progression. The aim of the study focused on constructing a novel prognostic model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients using fatty acid metabolism-related genes. Methods Microarray test and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid metabolism. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then used to validate the expression of targeted fatty acid metabolism genes. A risk predictive scoring model of fatty acid metabolism-related genes was generated using a multivariate Cox model. The efficacy of this model was assessed by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results 14 fatty acid metabolism-related genes were identified by microarray test and TCGA database analysis and then confirmed by PCR. Finally, a 5 gene signature (ACACB, FABP3, PDK4, PPARG, and PLIN5) was constructed and a RiskScore was calculated for each patient. Compared to the high RiskScore group, the low RiskScore group had better overall survival (OS) (p = 0.02). The RiskScore derived from a 5 gene signature was a prognostic factor (HR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.38, 10.09) for OSCC patients. The predictive classification efficiencies of RiskScore were evaluated and the area under the curve (AUC) values for 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.613, 0.652, and 0.681, respectively. Then we compared the predictive performance of the prognostic model with or without the RiskScore. The 5 gene-derived RiskScore can improve the predictive performance with AUC values of 0.760, 0.803, and 0.830 for 1, 3, and 5 years OS in prognostic model including the RiskScore. While the predicted AUC values of the model without RiskScore for 1, 3, and 5 years OS were 0.699, 0.715, and 0.714, respectively. Conclusion We developed a predictive score model using 5 fatty acid metabolism-related genes, which could be a potential prognostic indicator in OSCC.
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Chen L, Yang CS, Chen SD, Zhou QX, Wang GQ, Cai SL, Li WH, Luo HZ. Multi-omics characterization of the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in colon cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3985-4000. [PMID: 36119831 PMCID: PMC9442000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids is involved in the initiation and progression of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the multi-omics characteristics of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes and explore their prognostic value in colon cancer by analyzing the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. An unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway related-genes enrichment score (BUFAS) was constructed utilizing the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). We discovered that a high BUFAS was associated with longer overall survival (OS) in both the training and the validation sets. Multivariable analysis including the clinical characteristics further verified the independent prognostic value of the BUFAS in both the TCGA-COAD and the GSE39582 datasets. In addition, GSEA analysis revealed that BUFAS was positively associated with several signaling pathways, including MTORC1, peroxisome, and pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, while was negatively associated with other signaling pathways, such as hedgehog, NOTCH, and Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Furthermore, in the COAD cell lines of the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, we found that BUFAS was positively correlated with the drug sensitivities of cisplatin, gemcitabine, camptothecin, lapatinib, and afatinib, while was negatively correlated with that of ponatinib. Moreover, in the COAD single-cell transcriptomic dataset (GSE146771), the BUFAS varied among different cell types and was enriched in mast cells and fibroblasts. Taken together, the BUFAS we constructed could be used as an independent prognostic signature in predicting the OS and drug resistance of colon cancer. Unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway might serve as potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya HospitalNo. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Shun Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityNo. 134 East Street, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Si-Dong Chen
- Burning Rock Biotech, Building 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao-Xia Zhou
- Burning Rock Biotech, Building 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Wang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Building 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shang-Li Cai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Building 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityNo. 134 East Street, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Luo
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s HospitalNo. 2 Sunwen Middle Road, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Zhou Q, Chen S, Zheng H, Wang G, Cai S, Wang F, Li S. Multi-Omics Characterization of a Glycerolipid Metabolism-Related Gene Enrichment Score in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881953. [PMID: 35600382 PMCID: PMC9117699 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycerolipid metabolism is involved in the genesis and progression of colon cancer. The current study aims at exploring the prognostic value and potential molecular mechanism of glycerolipid metabolism-related genes in colon cancer from the perspective of multi-omics. Methods Clinical information and mRNA expression data of patients with colon cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to calculate the glycerolipid metabolism-related gene enrichment score (GLMS). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to study the prognostic value of GLMS in TCGA-COAD and GSE39582 cohorts. The molecular mechanism of the prognostic factor was investigated via immune cell infiltration estimation and correlation analysis of cancer hallmark pathways. Single-cell transcriptomic dataset GSE146771 was used to identify the cell populations which glycerolipid metabolism targeted on. Results The GLMS was found to be associated with tumor location and consensus molecular types (CMSs) of colon cancer in TCGA-COAD cohort (P < 0.05). Patients in the low-GLMS group exhibited poorer overall survival (OS) in TCGA cohort (P = 0.03; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.94), which was further validated in the GSE39582 dataset (P < 0.001; HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.76). The association between the GLMS and OS remained significant in the multivariable analysis (TCGA cohort: P = 0.04; HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.98; GSE39582 cohort: P < 0.001; HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45-0.80). The GLMS was positively correlated with cancer hallmark pathways including bile acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and peroxisome and negatively correlated with pathways such as interferon gamma response, allograft rejection, apoptosis, and inflammatory response (P < 0.05). Increased immune infiltration and upregulated expression of immune checkpoints were observed in patients with lower GLMS (P < 0.05). Single-cell datasets verified the different distribution of GLMS in cell subsets, with significant enrichment of GLMS in malignant cells and Tprolif cells. Conclusion We demonstrated that GLMS was a potential independent prognostic factor for colon cancer. The GLMS was also correlated with several cancer hallmark pathways, as well as immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zhou
- Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidong Chen
- Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangli Cai
- Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujing Wang
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Fbxo4 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor: Its Biological Importance and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092133. [PMID: 35565262 PMCID: PMC9101129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fbxo4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that requires the formation of a complex with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 and Cullin1 to catalyze the ubiquitylation of its substrates. Moreover, Fbxo4 depends on the existence of posttranslational modifications and/or co-factor to be activated to perform its biological functions. The well-known Fbxo4 substrates have oncogenic or oncogene-like activities, for example, cyclin D1, Trf1/Pin2, p53, Fxr1, Mcl-1, ICAM-1, and PPARγ; therefore, Fbxo4 is defined as a tumor suppressor. Biologically, Fbxo4 regulates cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, tumor metabolism, cellular senescence, metastasis and tumor cells’ response to chemotherapeutic compounds. Clinicopathologically, the expression of Fbxo4 is associated with patients’ prognosis depending on different tumor types. Regarding to its complicated regulation, more in-depth studies are encouraged to dissect the detailed molecular mechanisms to facilitate developing new treatment through targeting Fbxo4. Abstract Fbxo4, also known as Fbx4, belongs to the F-box protein family with a conserved F-box domain. Fbxo4 can form a complex with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 and Cullin1 to perform its biological functions. Several proteins are identified as Fbxo4 substrates, including cyclin D1, Trf1/Pin2, p53, Fxr1, Mcl-1, ICAM-1, and PPARγ. Those factors can regulate cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, survival/apoptosis, and migration/invasion, highlighting their oncogenic or oncogene-like activities. Therefore, Fbxo4 is defined as a tumor suppressor. The biological functions of Fbxo4 make it a potential candidate for developing new targeted therapies. This review summarizes the gene and protein structure of Fbxo4, the mechanisms of how its expression and activity are regulated, and its substrates, biological functions, and clinicopathological importance in human cancers.
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Wang H, Shao Z, Xu Z, Ye B, Li M, Zheng Q, Ma X, Shi P. Antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of gemcitabine-lauric acid conjugate on human bladder cancer cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:536-542. [PMID: 35656081 PMCID: PMC9150810 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61118.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Gemcitabine is a first-line drug for the treatment of bladder cancer. One of the most important mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance is the low expression of cellular membrane transporter hENT1. Various derivatives containing fatty acid side chains have been developed in order to facilitate gemcitabine uptake and prolong its retention in cells, such as CP-4126. In this study, the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of a new derivative of gemcitabine named SZY-200 on bladder cancer cells were investigated. SZY-200 was assembled from the gemcitabine-lauric acid conjugate. Materials and Methods Antiproliferative activities of SZY-200 and lauric acid were evaluated using CCK-8 assay and clonogenic survival assay. The hENT1 inhibitor NBMPR was employed to determine the role of hENT1 in the apoptotic activity of GEM, CP-4126, and SZY-200. RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscope, western blotting, and wound healing assay were used to study the mechanisms of SZY-200. The target genes were predicted using the BATMAN-TCM database. Results Our data showed that SZY-200 could inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The inhibitory effects were comparable to gemcitabine and CP-4126. SZY-200 does not rely on hENT1 to help it enter bladder cancer cells. Also, we found that lauric acid could inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. SZY-200 could down-regulate the expressions of PPARG and PTGS2 which were related to the occurrence and development of bladder cancer. Conclusion SZY-200 has the same or more advantages as CP-4126 and could be an ideal candidate drug for further in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Binghao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China,Corresponding author: Ping Shi. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. Tel: +86-2164251655; Fax: +86-264252920;
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Scheurlen KM, Snook DL, Walter MN, Cook CN, Fiechter CR, Pan J, Beal RJ, Galandiuk S. Itaconate and leptin affecting PPARγ in M2 macrophages: A potential link to early-onset colorectal cancer. Surgery 2022; 171:650-656. [PMID: 34876290 PMCID: PMC8885843 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with the rising incidence of obesity, there has been an increase in patients diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer (<50 years old). In colorectal cancer, worse patient survival is associated with certain cytokine expression and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma expression. The effects of the obesity hormone leptin and macrophage-specific metabolite itaconate on these mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated their impact on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and macrophage cytokine expression in vitro. METHODS M2-like macrophages were treated with either leptin, 4-octyl itaconate, or dimethyl itaconate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gene expression after treatment with 4 doses (D1-4) of each compound was analyzed at 4 time points (3, 6, 18, and 24 hours). RESULTS Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma was downregulated after 4-octyl itaconate treatment at 18 hours (FC -32.67, P ≤ .001). Interleukin-8 was upregulated after leptin and dimethyl itaconate treatment at 6 hours (FC 26.35 at D4, P ≤ .001, and FC 23.26 at D3, P = .006). Dimethyl itaconate upregulated IL-1β at 24 hours (FC 18.00 at D4, P ≤ .001). Tumor necrosis factor-α showed maximum downregulation after 4-octyl itaconate at 18 hours (FC -103.25 at D4, P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Itaconate downregulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma as a tumor-suppressing factor and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in M2-like macrophages. Itaconate provides a link between obesity and colorectal cancer and may be a key regulator in early-onset colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Scheurlen
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Dylan L Snook
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Mary N Walter
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Cheyenne N Cook
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Casey R Fiechter
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics Shared Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Robert J Beal
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.
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Associations of fat and muscle mass with overall survival in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:615-626. [PMID: 34420038 PMCID: PMC9705235 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To systematically review and analyse the associations between fat and muscle mass measures with overall survival in men with prostate cancer. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2020, while abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) conferences were searched from 2014 to 2020. Eligible articles examined the association of body composition measures, such as fat mass (e.g., fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures, with overall survival in prostate cancer patients at any treatment stage. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting multivariable or univariable analysis assessing the associations of fat mass measures (i.e., fat mass, VAT, SAT, VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures with overall survival. RESULTS Sixteen cohort studies that comprised 4807 men with prostate cancer were included. Total adiposity (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75-1.28, p = 0.888) and VAT (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.74-1.43, p = 0.873) were not significantly associated with overall survival, while higher subcutaneous adipose tissue levels were associated with higher survival (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54-0.84, p = 0.001). Greater mortality risk was found in patients with localised (HR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.40-2.62, p < 0.001) and advanced disease (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07-1.92, p = 0.020) presenting with low levels of muscle mass compared to those presenting with high levels. DISCUSSION These results indicate that although overall adiposity should be cautiously interpreted in regards to survival, high muscle mass and SAT, and low VAT/SAT ratio values are associated with overall survival in men with prostate cancer.
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Gaculenko A, Gregoric G, Popp V, Seyler L, Ringer M, Kachler K, Wu Z, Kisel W, Hofbauer C, Hofbauer LC, Uder M, Schett G, Bäuerle T, Bozec A. Systemic PPARγ Antagonism Reduces Metastatic Tumor Progression in Adipocyte-Rich Bone in Excess Weight Male Rodents. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2440-2452. [PMID: 34378824 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary tumors are widely associated with an excess in body fat. The role of adipose tissue on tumor cell homing to bone is yet poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to assess whether bone colonization by tumor cells is favored by an adipocyte-rich bone marrow. We delineated the accompanying alterations of the bone microenvironment and established a treatment approach that interferes with high fat diet (HFD)-induced bone metastasis formation. We were able to show that adipocytes affect skeletal tumor growth in a metastatic model of breast cancer in male rats and melanoma in male mice as well as in human breast cancer bone biopsies. Indeed, HFD-induced bone marrow adiposity was accompanied by accelerated tumor progression and increased osteolytic lesions. In human bone metastases, bone marrow adiposity correlated with tumor cell proliferation. By antagonization of the adipocyte differentiation and storage pathway linked to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with bisphenol-A-diglycidylether (BADGE), we were able to decelerate tumor progression and subsequent osteolytic damage in the bones of two distinct metastatic animal models exposed to HFD. Overall these data show that adipose tissue is a critical factor in bone metastases and cancer-induced bone loss. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gaculenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gasper Gregoric
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Popp
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Seyler
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark Ringer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhengquan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wadim Kisel
- University Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery OUPC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Hofbauer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden/University Cancer Center (UCC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Muzio G, Barrera G, Pizzimenti S. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111734. [PMID: 34829605 PMCID: PMC8614822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.
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The expression and clinical significance of GPR39 in colon cancer. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1577-1585. [PMID: 34586565 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and requires more prognostic biomarkers for precise treatment. GPR39 is a GPCR which can interact with Zn and modulate the colonocytes' survival. The clinical significance of GPR39 in colon cancer has never been reported. MATERIALS In our study, we compared GPR39 expression between colon cancers and tumor-adjacent tissues by retrieving TCGA data and detected the expression of GPR39 in colon cancers with qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The clinical significance of GPR39 was evaluated by analyzing the correlations with clinicopathological factors with the chi-square test. The prognostic significance of GPR39 was estimated with univariate and multivariate analyses. The expression of several other biomarkers including PPARG, EPCAM, and PD-L1 was investigated by re-analyzing TCGA data, qPCR, and IHC. The prognostic value of PPARG, EPCAM, and PD-L1 was also estimated with univariate analysis. RESULTS In both TCGA database and our 15 colon cancer pairs, GPR39 expression was significantly upregulated in colon cancer tissues. GPR39 was an independent prognostic biomarker in colon cancer for poor prognosis. With TCGA data re-analysis, qPCR, and IHC, we showed that GPR39 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of EPCAM and PD-L1, but not PPARG. EPCAM and PD-L1 were also unfavorable prognostic biomarkers of colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS GPR39 was upregulated in colon cancer tissues compared with tumor-adjacent tissues. GPR39 was an independent prognostic biomarker in colon cancer for poor prognosis. EPCAM and PD-L1 were substantially associated with GPR39 expression, and they were also identified as prognostic biomarkers in colon cancers.
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Data Mining, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking Explore the Effects of Core Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions in Patients with Rectal Cancer and Qi and Blood Deficiency Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1353674. [PMID: 34394377 PMCID: PMC8360715 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1353674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background “Zheng” (syndrome) is the basic unit and the basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. In clinical practice, we have been able to improve the survival time and quality of life for patients with rectal cancer through the treatment of “FuZhengXiaoJi” (strengthening the Qi and reducing accumulation). Purpose In this study, we elucidated the core prescriptions for patients with rectal cancer and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome, and we explored the potential mechanisms of the prescriptions using an integrated strategy that coupled data mining with network pharmacology. Methods A Bron–Kerbosch (BK) algorithm was applied to find the core prescriptions. The active ingredients, targets, activated signaling pathways, and biological functions of core prescriptions were analyzed using network pharmacology and directly associated proteins were docked using molecular docking technology to elucidate the multicomponent, multitarget, and inter-related components associated with TCM systematically. Results Data mining identified 3 core prescriptions, and most of the herbs consisted of “FuZhengXiaoJi” Fang. Network pharmacology identified 15 high-degree active ingredients among the 3 core prescriptions and 16 high-degree hub genes linked with both rectal cancer and the 3 core prescriptions. Additional Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of these 16 targets showed that the most significant pathways were MAPK, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. From the 16 genes, TGFB1, IL1B, IL10, IL6, PTGS2, and PPARG closely interacted with the tumor microenvironment, and PPARG, MYC, and ERBB2 were closely linked to survival. In molecular docking, quercetin, kaempferol, and lauric acid showed good binding energy to each target. Conclusion Data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking may help identify core prescriptions, high-degree ingredients, and high-degree hub genes to apply to diseases and treatments. Furthermore, these studies may help discover hub genes that affect the tumor microenvironment and survival. The combination of these tools may help elucidate the relationship between herbs acting on “Zheng” (syndrome) and diseases, thus expanding the understanding of TCM mechanisms.
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Ercolano G, Gomez-Cadena A, Dumauthioz N, Vanoni G, Kreutzfeldt M, Wyss T, Michalik L, Loyon R, Ianaro A, Ho PC, Borg C, Kopf M, Merkler D, Krebs P, Romero P, Trabanelli S, Jandus C. PPARɣ drives IL-33-dependent ILC2 pro-tumoral functions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2538. [PMID: 33953160 PMCID: PMC8100153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in protection against helminths and in diverse inflammatory diseases by responding to soluble factors such as the alarmin IL-33, that is often overexpressed in cancer. Nonetheless, regulatory factors that dictate ILC2 functions remain poorly studied. Here, we show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is selectively expressed in ILC2s in humans and in mice, acting as a central functional regulator. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of PPARγ in ILC2s significantly impair IL-33-induced Type-2 cytokine production and mitochondrial fitness. Further, PPARγ blockade in ILC2s disrupts their pro-tumoral effect induced by IL-33-secreting cancer cells. Lastly, genetic ablation of PPARγ in ILC2s significantly suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Our findings highlight a crucial role for PPARγ in supporting the IL-33 dependent pro-tumorigenic role of ILC2s and suggest that PPARγ can be considered as a druggable pathway in ILC2s to inhibit their effector functions. Hence, PPARγ targeting might be exploited in cancer immunotherapy and in other ILC2-driven mediated disorders, such as asthma and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Gomez-Cadena
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nina Dumauthioz
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Vanoni
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Michalik
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Loyon
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon, France
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Borg
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon, France
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ezzeddini R, Taghikhani M, Salek Farrokhi A, Somi MH, Samadi N, Esfahani A, Rasaee MJ. Downregulation of fatty acid oxidation by involvement of HIF-1α and PPARγ in human gastric adenocarcinoma and related clinical significance. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:249-260. [PMID: 33730333 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism rewiring in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) pathogenesis is still not clearly elucidated. This study aimed to describe the role of lipid catabolism in GA patient outcomes and possible therapeutic targets by analyzing the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on fatty acid oxidation (FAO). AGS cell line was cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and FAO-related genes were analyzed by real-time-PCR and Western-blot. The study group comprised 108 newly diagnosed GA patients and 152 control cases. Serum concentrations of medium and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (MCAD and LCAD) proteins were measured using ELISA, and local expression of HIF-1α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1A) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, gene expression of PPARγ, CPT1A, LCAD, and MCAD was assessed by real-time-PCR. In vitro findings indicate HIF-1α upregulation and FAO-related genes and proteins reduction in the hypoxic culture of AGS cells. GA patients had significantly lower circulating levels of LCAD compared to controls. Higher protein expression of HIF-1α and downregulated CPT1A and PPARγ were observed in GA tissues versus controls. Gene expression of CPT1A, PPARγ, LCAD, and MCAD were repressed in GA tissues compared to controls. Moreover, reduced expression of CPT1A, PPARγ, and MCAD were correlated with HIF-1α upregulation in GA. Poor patient outcome was associated with lower PPARγ and LCAD expression in GA. HIF-1α upregulation in human GA patients and AGS cells was paralleled by downregulation of lipid catabolism genes potentially via reduced PPARγ-mediated FAO. This metabolic adaptation to hypoxic condition may play a role in GA pathogenesis and might have clinical and therapeutic value in GA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ezzeddini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O.Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghikhani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O.Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Salek Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O.Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Combined COX-2/PPARγ Expression as Independent Negative Prognosticator for Vulvar Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030491. [PMID: 33802010 PMCID: PMC8001561 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar cancer incidence numbers have been rising steadily over the past decades. Especially the number of young patients with vulvar cancer increased recently. Therefore, the need to identify new prognostic factors for vulvar carcinoma is more apparent. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has long been an object of scientific interest in the context of carcinogenesis. This enzyme is involved in prostaglandin synthesis and the latter binds to nuclear receptors like PPARγ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate COX-2- and PPARγ- expression in tissues of vulvar carcinomas and to analyze their relevance as prognostic factors. The cytoplasmatic expression of COX-2 as well as PPARγ is associated with a significantly reduced survival, whereas nuclear expression of PPARγ results in a better survival. Especially the combined expression of both COX-2 and PPARγ in the cytoplasm is an independent negative prognosticator for vulvar cancer patients.
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32
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Huang M, Chen L, Mao X, Liu G, Gao Y, You X, Gao M, Sehouli J, Sun P. ERRα inhibitor acts as a potential agonist of PPARγ to induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation in endometrial cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23029-23046. [PMID: 33197888 PMCID: PMC7746384 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Two transcriptional factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα), have been reported to be key regulators of cellular energy metabolism. However, the relationship between ERRα and PPARγ in the development of endometrial cancer (EC) is still unclear. The expression levels of PPARγ and ERRα in EC were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, tissue array and immunohistochemistry. A significant negative correlation was identified between PPARγ and ERRα expression in women with EC (ρ=-0.509, P<0.001). Bioinformatics analyses showed that PPARγ and ERRα can activate or inhibit the same genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis through a similar ModFit. ERRα activation or PPARγ inhibition could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis through the Bcl-2/Caspase3 pathways. Both PPARγ and ERRα can serve as serum tumor markers. Surprisingly, as evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a logistic model, a PPARγ/ERRα ratio≤1.86 (area under the ROC curve (AUC)=0.915, Youden index=0.6633, P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for endometrial carcinogenesis (OR=14.847, 95% CI= 1.6-137.748, P=0.018). EC patients with PPARγ(-)/ERRα(+) had the worst overall survival and disease-free survival rates (both P<0.001). Thus, a dynamic imbalance between PPARγ and ERRα leads to endometrial carcinogenesis and predicts the EC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Reproductive Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. of China
| | - Xiaodan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Guifen Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yuqin Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiaoqing You
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100046, China
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Campus Virchow Clinic, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Pengming Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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33
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Zhao YB, Yang SH, Shen J, Deng K, Li Q, Wang Y, Cui W, Ye H. Interaction between regulatory T cells and mast cells via IL-9 and TGF-β production. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:360. [PMID: 33133260 PMCID: PMC7590434 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the immunosuppression of cancer cells has attracted much attention in recent years. The present study sought to provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy targeting mast cells by studying the mechanisms underlying mast cell function in cancer immunosuppression. Between January 2015 and December 2017, the tumor tissues of 40 patients with gastric cancer (GC) were collected and grouped in Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo City, China. Pathological sections were prepared and an immunofluorescence assay was performed to analyze the expression of forkhead Box Protein P3 (FOXP3), tryptase, TGFβ1, TGF-βR, IL-9, IL-9R and Oxford 40 ligand (OX40L). Then, the correlations between FOXP3 and tryptase, TGFβ1 and tryptase expression, and the expression of OX40L in patients with GC with different stages were analyzed. The results revealed that high levels of mast cells were present in patients GC, and tryptase and FOXP3 expressions were positively correlated. Mast cells regulate T regulatory (reg) cells in the gastric tumor microenvironment by secreting TGFβ1. Tregs, in turn, promote the survival of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment by producing IL-9. Furthermore, OX40L expression in mast cells was significantly associated with Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging of GC. Overall, the present study reported a positive feedback system that functions through TGFβ1 and IL-9 to allow cross-talk between Tregs and mast cells. Moreover, OX40L may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. These results may provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy targeting mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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35
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Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, Abushouk AI, Shaheen S, Hobani YH, Alruwetei AM, A Mansouri O, Kandil E, Badran DI. Prognostic value of the miRNA-27a and PPAR/RXRα signaling axis in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1825-1843. [PMID: 32969715 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of miRNA-27a (miR-27a), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma (PPARα/γ) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) tissue expression in patients with thyroid carcinoma. The expression levels were quantified in 174 archived thyroid specimens using real-time quantitative PCR. Downregulation of miR-27a was associated with lymph node stage and multifocality. PPARα expression was associated with histopathological type, tumor size and lymph node invasion. Moreover, RXRα expression was lower in patients who underwent total/subtotal thyroidectomy or received radioactive iodine treatment. Patients with upregulated miR-27a and downregulated RXRα showed a higher frequency of advanced lymph node stage and relapse by cluster analysis. Both miR-27a and PPARα/RXRα showed association with different poor prognostic indices in thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sameerah Shaheen
- Department of Anatomy & Stem Cell Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya H Hobani
- Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, KSA
| | - Abdulmohsen M Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omniah A Mansouri
- Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, College of Science, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine & Oncologic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dahlia I Badran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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36
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Villa ALP, Parra RS, Feitosa MR, Camargo HPD, Machado VF, Tirapelli DPDC, Rocha JJRD, Feres O. PPARG expression in colorectal cancer and its association with staging and clinical evolution. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000708. [PMID: 32813759 PMCID: PMC7433669 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200070000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma (PPARG) in colorectal tumors and to correlate this data with clinical variables of the patients. Methods We analyzed the gene expression of PPARG in 50 samples of colorectal tumors using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 20 adjacent normal tissue samples as control. The results of these quantifications were correlated with the respective patients’ medical records’ clinical information. Results PPARG expression was not different in the tumor tissue compared to the control tissue. Patients older than 60 years, histological type with mucinous differentiation, more advanced staging at the time of diagnosis, and patients who evolved with recurrence of the disease or death did not present higher PPARG expression. Conclusion Expression of PPARGD was not associated with worse prognosis.
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37
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Zipper L, Jassmann D, Burgmer S, Görlich B, Reiff T. Ecdysone steroid hormone remote controls intestinal stem cell fate decisions via the PPARγ-homolog Eip75B in Drosophila. eLife 2020; 9:e55795. [PMID: 32773037 PMCID: PMC7440922 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental studies revealed fundamental principles on how organ size and function is achieved, but less is known about organ adaptation to new physiological demands. In fruit flies, juvenile hormone (JH) induces intestinal stem cell (ISC) driven absorptive epithelial expansion balancing energy uptake with increased energy demands of pregnancy. Here, we show 20-Hydroxy-Ecdysone (20HE)-signaling controlling organ homeostasis with physiological and pathological implications. Upon mating, 20HE titer in ovaries and hemolymph are increased and act on nearby midgut progenitors inducing Ecdysone-induced-protein-75B (Eip75B). Strikingly, the PPARγ-homologue Eip75B drives ISC daughter cells towards absorptive enterocyte lineage ensuring epithelial growth. To our knowledge, this is the first time a systemic hormone is shown to direct local stem cell fate decisions. Given the protective, but mechanistically unclear role of steroid hormones in female colorectal cancer patients, our findings suggest a tumor-suppressive role for steroidal signaling by promoting postmitotic fate when local signaling is deteriorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zipper
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Denise Jassmann
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sofie Burgmer
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Bastian Görlich
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tobias Reiff
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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38
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Myotubularin-related protein 7 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:59. [PMID: 32522977 PMCID: PMC7286916 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor drugable by agonists approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes, but also inhibits carcinogenesis and cell proliferation in vivo. Activating mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) gene mitigate these beneficial effects by promoting a negative feedback-loop comprising extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and mitogen-activated kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2)-dependent inactivation of PPARγ. To overcome this inhibitory mechanism, we searched for novel post-translational regulators of PPARγ. Phosphoinositide phosphatase Myotubularin-Related-Protein-7 (MTMR7) was identified as cytosolic interaction partner of PPARγ. Synthetic peptides were designed resembling the regulatory coiled-coil (CC) domain of MTMR7, and their activities studied in human cancer cell lines and C57BL6/J mice. MTMR7 formed a complex with PPARγ and increased its transcriptional activity by inhibiting ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of PPARγ. MTMR7-CC peptides mimicked PPARγ-activation in vitro and in vivo due to LXXLL motifs in the CC domain. Molecular dynamics simulations and docking predicted that peptides interact with the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1)-binding site of PPARγ. Thus, MTMR7 is a positive regulator of PPARγ, and its mimicry by synthetic peptides overcomes inhibitory mechanisms active in cancer cells possibly contributing to the failure of clinical studies targeting PPARγ.
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Zhang C, Zheng JH, Lin ZH, Lv HY, Ye ZM, Chen YP, Zhang XY. Profiles of immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3486-3501. [PMID: 32039832 PMCID: PMC7066877 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and immune-associated genes in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma. An algorithm known as ESTIMATE was applied for immune score assessment, and osteosarcoma cases were assigned to the high and low immune score groups. Immune-associated genes between these groups were compared, and an optimal immune-related risk model was built by Cox regression analyses. The deconvolution algorithm (referred to as CIBERSORT) was applied to assess 22 TIICs for their amounts in the osteosarcoma microenvironment. Osteosarcoma cases with high immune score had significantly improved outcome (P<0.01). The proportions of naive B cells and M0 macrophages were significantly lower in high immune score tissues compared with the low immune score group (P<0.05), while the amounts of M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and resting dendritic cells were significantly higher (P<0.05). Important immune-associated genes were determined to generate a prognostic model by Cox regression analysis. Interestingly, cases with high risk score had poor outcome (P<0.01). The areas under the curve (AUC) for the risk model in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival were 0.634, 0.781, and 0.809, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested immunosuppression in high-risk osteosarcoma patients, in association with poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Zong-Han Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Huangjiahu Hospital, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuo-Miao Ye
- Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yue-Ping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
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40
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Cyclin D degradation by E3 ligases in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:159-170. [PMID: 32006569 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
D cyclins include three isoforms: D1, D2, and D3. D cyclins heterodimerize with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) to form kinase complexes that can phosphorylate and inactivate Rb. Inactivation of Rb triggers the activation of E2F transcription factors, which in turn regulate the expression of genes whose products drive cell cycle progression. Because D-type cyclins function as mitogenic sensors that link growth factor signaling directly with G1 phase progression, it is not surprising that D cyclin accumulation is dysregulated in a variety of human tumors. Elevated expression of D cyclins results from gene amplification, increased gene transcription and protein translation, decreased microRNA levels, and inefficiency or loss of ubiquitylation-mediated protein degradation. This review focuses on the clinicopathological importance of D cyclins, how dysregulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) contributes to the overexpression of D cyclins, and the therapeutic potential through targeting D cyclin-related machinery in human tumors.
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41
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Differences in the early stage gene expression profiles of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6572-6582. [PMID: 31788115 PMCID: PMC6865721 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of lung carcinoma subtype-specific gene expression changes has the potential to elucidate the molecular differences and provide personalized therapeutic targets for these pathologies. The aim of the present study was to characterize the genetic profiles of the early stages (IA/IB) of two non-small cell lung cancer subtypes, adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SC). RNA-Seq gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was analyzed to compare the gene expression differences between AD and SC. The gene sets specific to each subtype were further analyzed to identify the enriched Gene Ontology terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and biological functions. The results demonstrated that a unique set of genes (145 upregulated and 27 downregulated) was altered in AD, but not in SC; another set of genes (146 upregulated and 103 downregulated) was significantly altered in SC, but not in AD. Genes highly upregulated specifically in AD included albumin (1,732-fold), protein lin-28 homolog A, which is a positive regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (150-fold) and gastric lipase (81-fold). Genes highly upregulated specifically in SC included amelotin (618-fold), alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (57-fold), aclerosteosis (55-fold) and claudin-22 (54-fold). Several cancer/testis antigen family genes were notably upregulated in SC, but not in AD, whereas mucins were upregulated only in AD. Functional pathway analysis demonstrated that the dysregulation of genes associated with retinoid X receptors was common in AD and SC, genes associated with ‘lipid metabolism’ and ‘drug metabolism’ were dysregulated only in SC, whereas genes associated with ‘molecular transport’ and ‘cellular growth and proliferation’ were significantly enriched in AD specifically. These results reveal fundamental differences in the gene expression profiles of early-stage AD and SC. In addition, the present study identified molecular pathways that are uniquely associated with the pathogenesis of these subtypes.
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Li S, Wu X, Pei Y, Wang W, Zheng K, Qiu E, Zhang X. PTHR1 May Be Involved in Progression of Osteosarcoma by Regulating miR-124-3p- AR-Tgfb1i1, miR-27a-3p- PPARG-Abca1, and miR-103/590-3p- AXIN2 Axes. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1323-1337. [PMID: 31536386 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has indicated that the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1) may play important roles in development and progression of osteosarcoma (OS) by regulating Wnt, angiogenesis, and inflammation pathway genes. The goal of this study was to further illuminate the roles of PTHR1 in OS by investigating upstream regulation mechanisms (including microRNA [miRNA] and transcription factors [TFs]) of crucial genes. The microarray dataset GSE46861 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, in which six tumors with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) PTHR1 knockdown (PTHR1.358) and six tumors with shRNA control knockdown (Ren.1309) were collected from mice. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PTHR1.358 and Ren.1309 were identified using the linear models for microarray data (LIMMA) method, and then the miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using data from corresponding databases, followed by module analysis, to screen crucial regulatory relationships. OS-related human miRNAs were extracted from the curated Osteosarcoma Database. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool. As a result, the miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network, including 1049 nodes (516 miRNA, 25 TFs, and 508 DEGs) and 15942 edges (interaction relationships, such as Pparg-Abca1 and miR-590-3p-AXIN2), was constructed, from which three significant modules were extracted and modules 2 and 3 contained interactions between miRNAs/TFs and DEGs such as miR-103-3p-AXIN2, miR-124-3p-AR-Tgfb1i1, and miR-27a-3p-PPARG-Abca1. miR-27a-3p was a known miRNA associated with OS. Abca1, AR, and miR-124-3p were hub genes in the miRNA-TF-mRNA network. Tgfb1i1 was involved in cell proliferation, Abca1 participated in the cholesterol metabolic process, and AXIN2 was associated with the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, we also confirmed upregulation of miR-590-3p and downregulation of AXIN2 in the mouse OS cell line K7M2-WT transfected with PTHR1 shRNA. In conclusion, PTHR1 may play important roles in progression of OS by activating miR-124-3p-AR-Tgfb1i1, miR-27a-3p-PPARG-Abca1, and miR-103/590-3p-AXIN2 axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xixi Wu
- School of Medicine, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, Florida
| | - Yi Pei
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Enduo Qiu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Mielczarek-Puta M, Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Chrzanowska A, Filipek A, Graboń W. Telmisartan Influences the Antiproliferative Activity of Linoleic Acid in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:98-109. [PMID: 31094234 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1613552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Linoleic acid (LA) and telmisartan as PPARgamma agonists exhibit anticancer activity. The LA effect is observed for high non-achievable in vivo concentrations and in short treatment period, therefore we evaluate the effect of supplemental LA and pharmacological telmisartan plasma concentrations on human primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) colon cancer cells and immortal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells in long-term treatment. Methods: Cell viability and proliferation were determined by TB and MTT and pro-apoptotic effect was measured by Annexin V binding assays, respectively.Results: LA decreased cancer cell viability and proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas no significant effect was found for HaCaT cells. Telmisartan (0.2 µM) suppresses antiproliferative effect of 60 µM LA on cancer cells in short-term treatment. Long-term administration of 60 µM LA reduced cancer cells viability after one week, while telmisartan delayed this effect by two weeks. Growth of all cell lines with 20 µM LA was unchanged during all treatment time. Telmisartan decreased late apoptosis of cancer and normal cells with 60 and 120 µM LA. Conclusion: The cytotoxic LA action depends not only on its concentration but also duration of treatment. Telmisartan exhibits biphasic but not synergistic effect on LA cytotoxicity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mielczarek-Puta
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Otto-Ślusarczyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Filipek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Graboń
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
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Dhaini HR, Daher Z. Genetic polymorphisms of PPAR genes and human cancers: evidence for gene-environment interactions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 37:146-179. [PMID: 31045458 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1593011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors that play a role in lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, terminal differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Although several cancer models have been suggested to explain PPARs' involvement in tumorigenesis, however, their role is still unclear. In this review, we examined associations of the different PPARs, polymorphisms and various types of cancer with a focus on gene-environment interactions. Reviewed evidence suggests that functional genetic variants of the different PPARs may modulate the relationship between environmental exposure and cancer risk. In addition, this report unveils the scarcity of reliable quantitative environmental exposure data when examining these interactions, and the current gaps in studying gene-environment interactions in many types of cancer, particularly colorectal, prostate, and bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R Dhaini
- a Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Zeina Daher
- b Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
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Cheng S, Qian K, Wang Y, Wang G, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wang X. PPARγ inhibition regulates the cell cycle, proliferation and motility of bladder cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3724-3736. [PMID: 30912275 PMCID: PMC6484405 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, inflammation and lipid and glucose homeostasis. Our results revealed that PPARγ was up-regulated in human bladder cancer (BCa) tissues both at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, down-regulation of PPARγ mRNA or inhibition of PPARγ function (using GW9662, antagonist of PPARγ) could significantly suppress the proliferation of BCa cells. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrested in G0/G1 phase was also induced by the down-regulated PPARγ possibly through AKT-mediated up-regulation of p21/p27, whereas no significant transformation of apoptosis was observed. In addition, knockdown or inhibition of PPARγ might reduce the invasion and migration of BCa cells by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins through AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway. Additionally, in vivo studies showed that BCa cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by GW9662. In conclusion, our results indicated that PPARγ might be crucial for BCa tumorigenesis by interfering with the motility and viability of BCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yejinpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Fernández-Reina A, Urdiales JL, Sánchez-Jiménez F. What We Know and What We Need to Know about Aromatic and Cationic Biogenic Amines in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Foods 2018; 7:E145. [PMID: 30181486 PMCID: PMC6164962 DOI: 10.3390/foods7090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines derived from basic and aromatic amino acids (B/A-BAs), polyamines, histamine, serotonin, and catecholamines are a group of molecules playing essential roles in many relevant physiological processes, including cell proliferation, immune response, nutrition and reproduction. All these physiological effects involve a variety of tissue-specific cellular receptors and signalling pathways, which conforms to a very complex network that is not yet well-characterized. Strong evidence has proved the importance of this group of molecules in the gastrointestinal context, also playing roles in several pathologies. This work is based on the hypothesis that integration of biomedical information helps to reach new translational actions. Thus, the major aim of this work is to combine scientific knowledge on biomolecules, metabolism and physiology of the main B/A-BAs involved in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract, in order to point out important gaps in information and other facts deserving further research efforts in order to connect molecular information with pathophysiological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Reina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - José Luis Urdiales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras & IBIMA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras & IBIMA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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β-Catenin Regulation in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Not as Simple as APC. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4379673. [PMID: 30186819 PMCID: PMC6116401 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4379673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wnt/APC/β-catenin pathway is a critical initiator in colorectal carcinogenesis in both hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The progression of this process remains incompletely understood, although inflammation is pivotal. Drivers of inflammation are elevated in malignant tissue and have been shown to regulate β-catenin expression. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is protumorigenic at elevated levels via COX-2 stimulation. Elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression has reduced risk of carcinogenesis and good overall prognosis in established CRC. Activation of PPARγ has inhibitory effect on β-catenin. METHODS Using qPCR and IHC, we compared β-catenin, PPARγ, COX-2, and IL-17A in the colonic mucosa of patients with sporadic CRC, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), against a normal control population. RESULTS β-catenin mRNA and protein expression progressively increased from the Normal group, through IBS and IBD reaching statistical significance in CRC. COX-2 mRNA levels increased similarly with statistical significance in IBD and CRC. However, COX-2 protein expression was inverted with significant expression in the Normal and IBS groups and reduced levels in IBD and CRC. PPARγ mRNA expression was unchanged in IBD and CRC but was significantly elevated in the IBS. IL-17A mRNA was significantly reduced in IBS and CRC but unchanged in IBD. There were no differences in all parameters tested in the Normal and IBS groups. CONCLUSION β-catenin is confirmed as a major driver of colorectal carcinogenesis but is controlled by many more players other than APC. Elevated levels of PPARγ may have an anticarcinogenic effect. The role of COX-2 expression, especially its posttranscriptional regulation in colorectal cancer, needs further elucidation.
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Han M, Gao H, Ju P, Gao MQ, Yuan YP, Chen XH, Liu KL, Han YT, Han ZW. Hispidulin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis through AMPK and ERK signaling mediated activation of PPARγ. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:272-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Nam JY, Oh BY, Hong HK, Bae JS, Kim TW, Ha SY, Park D, Lee WY, Kim HC, Yun SH, Park YA, Joung JG, Park WY, Cho YB. Molecular Characterization of Colorectal Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma Using Whole-Exome and RNA Sequencing. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:836-844. [PMID: 29747153 PMCID: PMC6051939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a very rare subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) with a poor clinical prognosis. Although understanding key mechanisms of tumor progression in SRCCs is critical for precise treatment, a comprehensive view of genomic alterations is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed whole-exome sequencing of tumors and matched normal blood as well as RNA sequencing of tumors and matched normal colonic tissues from five patients with SRCC. RESULTS: We identified major somatic alterations and characterized transcriptional changes at the gene and pathway level. Based on high-throughput sequencing, the pattern of mutations and copy number variations was overall similar to that of COAD. Transcriptome analysis revealed that major transcription factors, such as SRF, HNF4A, ZEB1, and RUNX1, with potential regulatory roles in key pathways, including focal adhesion, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway, may play a role in the tumorigenesis of SRCC. Furthermore, significantly upregulated genes in SRCCs were enriched for epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes, and accumulation of mucin in intracytoplasm was associated with the overexpression of MUC2. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the molecular basis of colorectal SRCC exhibits key differences from that of consensus COAD. Our findings clarify important genetic features of particular abnormalities in SRCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Nam
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Oh
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Hong
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seol Bae
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yun
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29706964 PMCID: PMC5908886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, and even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other one is downregulated and vice versa. WNT/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress and in many cancers, although there are some exceptions for cancers. The opposite is observed with PPARγ, which is generally downregulated during inflammation and oxidative stress and in many cancers. This helps to explain in part the opposite and unidirectional profile of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ in these three frequent and morbid processes that potentiate each other and create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain and amplify inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Thus, many WNT/β-catenin target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α are involved in the development of cancers. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) can activate many inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MMP, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX2, Bcl2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These factors are often associated with cancerous processes and may even promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate the production of inflammatory factors such as NFκB, signal transducer and activator transcription, activator protein-1, and HIF-α. NFκB inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and therefore activates the canonical WNT pathway. ROS activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling in many cancers. PI3K/Akt also inhibits GSK-3β. Many gene mutations of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway giving rise to cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). Conversely, a significant reduction in the expression of PPARγ has been observed in many cancers. Moreover, PPARγ agonists promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis and reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. All these complex and opposing interactions between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ appear to be fairly common in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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