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Li X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li N, Zhang S, Lv K, Jia R, Wei T, Li X, Han C, Lin J. KLF4 suppresses anticancer effects of brusatol via transcriptional upregulating NCK2 expression in melanoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116197. [PMID: 38583810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Brusatol (Bru), a main extract from traditional Chinese medicine Brucea javanica, has been reported to exist antitumor effect in many tumors including melanoma. However, the underlying mechanism in its anti-melanoma effect still need further exploration. Here, we reported that the protein expression of KLF4 in melanoma cells were significantly downregulated in response to brusatol treatment. Overexpression of KLF4 suppressed brusatol-induced melanoma cell apoptosis; while knockdown of KLF4 enhanced antitumor effects of brusatol on melanoma cells not only in vitro but also in vivo. Further studies on the mechanism revealed that KLF4 bound to the promoter of NCK2 directly and facilitated NCK2 transcription, which suppressed the antitumor effect of brusatol on melanoma. Furthermore, our findings showed that miR-150-3p was dramatically upregulated under brusatol treatment which resulted in the downregulation of KLF4. Our results suggested that the miR-150-3p/KLF4/NCK2 axis might play an important role in the antitumour effects of brusatol in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yuankuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Na Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Kejia Lv
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Renchuan Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Tianfu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
| | - Chuanchun Han
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Zhang HQ, Kong F, Kong X, Jiang T, Ma M, Zheng S, Guo J, Xie K. Loss of GATA6-mediated up-regulation of UTX promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis and progression. Genes Dis 2024; 11:921-934. [PMID: 37692474 PMCID: PMC10491869 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX), also known as lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A), functions as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene depending on the tumor type and context. However, its tumor-suppressive mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the clinical significance and biological effects of UTX expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and determined the potential mechanisms of its dysregulation. UTX expression and its association with clinicopathologic characteristics of PDA patients were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. UTX mRNA and protein expression and their regulation in PDA cell lines were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. The biological functions of UTX in PDA cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using gain- and loss-of-function assays with both in vitro and in vivo animal models. UTX expression was reduced in human PDA cell lines and specimens. Low UTX expression was associated with poor differentiation and prognosis in PDA. Forced UTX expression inhibited PDA proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and PDA growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas knockdown of UTX expression did the opposite. Mechanistically, UTX expression was trans-activated by GATA6 activation. GATA6-mediated PDA progression could be blocked, at least partially, by silencing UTX expression. In conclusion, loss of GATA6-mediated UTX expression was evident in human PDA and restored UTX expression suppressed PDA growth and metastasis. Thus, UTX is a tumor suppressor in PDA and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Zhang
- The Third Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Muyuan Ma
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Clinical Medical Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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3
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Caputo C, Falco M, Grimaldi A, Lombardi A, Miceli CC, Cocule M, Montella M, Pompella L, Tirino G, Campione S, Tammaro C, Cossu A, Fenu Pintori G, Maioli M, Coradduzza D, Savarese G, Fico A, Ottaiano A, Conzo G, Tathode MS, Ciardiello F, Caraglia M, De Vita F, Misso G. Identification of Tissue miRNA Signatures for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:824. [PMID: 38398215 PMCID: PMC10887387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, is the most common pancreatic malignancy (90%) and the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Surgery intervention is currently the only strategy able to offer an advantage in terms of overall survival, but prognosis remains poor even for operated patients. Therefore, the development of robust biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic stratification in clinical practice is urgently needed. In this work, we investigated deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in tissues from PDAC patients with high (G3) or low (G2) histological grade and with (N+) or without (N-) lymph node metastases. miRNA expression profiling was performed by a comprehensive PCR array and subsequent validation by RT-qPCR. The results showed a significant increase in miR-1-3p, miR-31-5p, and miR-205-5p expression in G3 compared to G2 patients (** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.001). miR-518d-3p upregulation and miR-215-5p downregulation were observed in N+ compared to N- patients. A statistical analysis performed using OncomiR program showed the significant involvement (p < 0.05) of two miRNAs (miR-31 and miR-205) in the histological grade of PDAC patients. Also, an expression analysis in PDAC patients showed that miR-31 and miR-205 had the highest expression at grade 3 compared with normal and other tumor grades. Overall, survival plots confirmed that the overexpression of miR-31 and miR-205 was significantly correlated with decreased survival in TCGA PDAC clinical samples. A KEGG pathway analysis showed that all three miRNAs are involved in the regulation of multiple pathways, including the Hippo signaling, adherens junction and microRNAs in cancer, along with several target genes. Based on in silico analysis and experimental validation, our study suggests the potential role of miR-1-3p, miR-31-5p, and miR-205-5p as useful clinical biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in PDAC, which should be further investigated to determine the specific molecular processes affected by their aberrant expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caputo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.F.); (C.T.); (M.S.T.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Falco
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.F.); (C.T.); (M.S.T.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem Scarl, Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- U.P. Cytometric and Mutational Diagnostics, AOU Policlinico, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 83031 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angela Lombardi
- U.P. Cytometric and Mutational Diagnostics, AOU Policlinico, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 83031 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Carmen Miceli
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (G.T.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Mariateresa Cocule
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (G.T.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Marco Montella
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, UOC Pathological Anatomy, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 83031 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Pompella
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (G.T.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Tirino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (G.T.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Severo Campione
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Tammaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.F.); (C.T.); (M.S.T.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Grazia Fenu Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.)
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Donatella Coradduzza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES Center, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (G.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Fico
- AMES Center, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (G.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, SSD-Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, National Cancer Institute, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Madhura S. Tathode
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.F.); (C.T.); (M.S.T.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.F.); (C.T.); (M.S.T.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.F.); (C.T.); (M.S.T.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem Scarl, Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (G.T.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.F.); (C.T.); (M.S.T.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
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Giarrizzo M, LaComb JF, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Krüppel-like Factors in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108589. [PMID: 37239940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors with three highly conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus. They regulate homeostasis, development, and disease progression in many tissues. It has been shown that KLFs play an essential role in the endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas. They are necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis and have been implicated in the development of diabetes. Furthermore, they can be a vital tool in enabling pancreas regeneration and disease modeling. Finally, the KLF family contains proteins that act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. A subset of members has a biphasic function, being upregulated in the early stages of oncogenesis and stimulating its progression and downregulated in the late stages to allow for tumor dissemination. Here, we describe KLFs' function in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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5
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Zeng L, Zhu Y, Moreno CS, Wan Y. New insights into KLFs and SOXs in cancer pathogenesis, stemness, and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:29-44. [PMID: 36806560 PMCID: PMC10023514 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of cancer therapies, the success of most treatments has been impeded by drug resistance. The crucial role of tumor cell plasticity has emerged recently in cancer progression, cancer stemness and eventually drug resistance. Cell plasticity drives tumor cells to reversibly convert their cell identity, analogous to differentiation and dedifferentiation, to adapt to drug treatment. This phenotypical switch is driven by alteration of the transcriptome. Several pluripotent factors from the KLF and SOX families are closely associated with cancer pathogenesis and have been revealed to regulate tumor cell plasticity. In this review, we particularly summarize recent studies about KLF4, KLF5 and SOX factors in cancer development and evolution, focusing on their roles in cancer initiation, invasion, tumor hierarchy and heterogeneity, and lineage plasticity. In addition, we discuss the various regulation of these transcription factors and related cutting-edge drug development approaches that could be used to drug "undruggable" transcription factors, such as PROTAC and PPI targeting, for targeted cancer therapy. Advanced knowledge could pave the way for the development of novel drugs that target transcriptional regulation and could improve the outcome of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Hematology and oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Hematology and oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Hematology and oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
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He Z, He J, Xie K. KLF4 transcription factor in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:118. [PMID: 37031197 PMCID: PMC10082813 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcriptional factor is important in maintaining cellular functions. Deletion of Krüppel-like transcriptional factor usually causes abnormal embryonic development and even embryonic death. KLF4 is a prominent member of this family, and embryonic deletion of KLF4 leads to alterations in skin permeability and postnatal death. In addition to its important role in embryo development, it also plays a critical role in inflammation and malignancy. It has been investigated that KLF4 has a regulatory role in a variety of cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, ovarian, esophageal, bladder and brain cancer. However, the role of KLF4 in tumorigenesis is complex, which may link to its unique structure with both transcriptional activation and transcriptional repression domains, and to the regulation of its upstream and downstream signaling molecules. In this review, we will summarize the structural and functional aspects of KLF4, with a focus on KLF4 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in different types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong He
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangdong, China.
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Luo X, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Ji M, Wang Y. Prognostic significance of KLF4 in solid tumours: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:181. [PMID: 35177016 PMCID: PMC8851789 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor predominantly expressed in terminally differentiated epithelial tissues. Many studies have shown that KLF4 has various mechanisms in different tumours; however, the prognostic role of KLF4 remains unclear. Methods and results We searched the relevant literature that evaluated the prognostic value of KLF4 in different cancers, and the original survival data were obtained from the text, tables or Kaplan–Meier curves for both comparative groups. Thirty studies were included in this meta-analysis, and a total of 10 malignant tumours were involved. The expression of KLF4 was not associated with the prognosis for overall survival (hazard ratio(HR)0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–1.13, P = 0.28), disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival/metastasis-free survival (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.52–1.44, P = 0.58) or disease-specific survival (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 0.44–2.87, P = 0.8). Conclusion This study showed that the expression of KLF4 was not related to the prognosis of the tumours that were included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
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MiR-135b-5p is an oncogene in pancreatic cancer to regulate GPRC5A expression by targeting transcription factor KLF4. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35027543 PMCID: PMC8758781 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
KLF4 is implicated in tumor progression of pancreatic cancer, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of KLF4 needs to be further specified. We aimed to probe molecular regulatory mechanism of KLF4 in malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. qRT-PCR or western blot was completed to test levels of predicted genes. Dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were designed to validate binding between genes. Cell viability and oncogenicity detection were used for in vitro and vivo functional assessment. KLF4 was a downstream target of miR-135b-5p. KLF4 could regulate GPRC5A level. MiR-135b-5p was notably increased in cancer cells, and overexpressing KLF4 functioned a tumor repressive role, which could be restored by miR-135b-5p. Besides, cell malignant phenotypes could be inhibited through reducing miR-135b-5p level, but they were restored by GPRC5A. Our results stressed that KLF4, as a vital target of miR-135b-5p, could influence promoter region of GPRC5A, thus affecting the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.
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PRMT5: An Emerging Target for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205136. [PMID: 34680285 PMCID: PMC8534199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The burden of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) increases with rising incidence, yet 5-year overall survival remains poor at 17%. Routine comprehensive genomic profiling of PDAC only finds 2.5% of patients who may benefit and receive matched targeted therapy. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as an anti-cancer target has gained significant interest in recent years and high levels of PRMT5 protein are associated with worse survival outcomes across multiple cancer types. Inhibition of PRMT5 in pre-clinical models can lead to cancer growth inhibition. However, PRMT5 is involved in multiple cellular processes, thus determining its mechanism of action is challenging. While past reviews on PRMT5 have focused on its role in diverse cellular processes and past research studies have focused mainly on haematological malignancies and glioblastoma, this review provides an overview of the possible biological mechanisms of action of PRMT5 inhibition and its potential as a treatment in pancreatic cancer. Abstract The overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor and its incidence is rising. Targetable mutations in PDAC are rare, thus novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression is associated with worse survival and inhibition of PRMT5 results in decreased cancer growth across multiple cancers, including PDAC. Emerging evidence also suggests that altered RNA processing is a driver in PDAC tumorigenesis and creates a partial dependency on this process. PRMT5 inhibition induces altered splicing and this vulnerability can be exploited as a novel therapeutic approach. Three possible biological pathways underpinning the action of PRMT5 inhibitors are discussed; c-Myc regulation appears central to its action in the PDAC setting. Whilst homozygous MTAP deletion and symmetrical dimethylation levels are associated with increased sensitivity to PRMT5 inhibition, neither measure robustly predicts its growth inhibitory response. The immunomodulatory effect of PRMT5 inhibitors on the tumour microenvironment will also be discussed, based on emerging evidence that PDAC stroma has a significant bearing on disease behaviour and response to therapy. Lastly, with the above caveats in mind, current knowledge gaps and the implications and rationales for PRMT5 inhibitor development in PDAC will be explored.
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Yang Y, Xiong J, Wang J, Ruan Y, Zhang J, Tian Y, Wang J, Liu L, Cheng Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Wang J, Yu M, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Li H, Jian R. Novel alternative splicing variants of Klf4 display different capacities for self-renewal and pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:377-384. [PMID: 32883521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are unique in their ability to self-renew indefinitely while maintaining pluripotency. Krüppel-like factor (Klf) 4 is an important member of the Klf family that is known to play a key role in pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming. However, the identification and functional comparison of Klf4 splicing isoforms in mouse ESCs (mESCs) remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified three novel alternative splicing variants of Klf4 in mESCs-mKlf4-108, mKlf4-375 and mKlf4-1482-that are distinct from the previously known mKlf4-1449. mKlf4-1449 and mKlf4-1482 may stimulate the growth of ESCs, while mKlf4-108 can only promote the growth of ESCs in LIFlow/serum conditions. In addition, both mKlf4-1449 and mKlf4-1482 can inhibit the differentiation of mESCs. However, the ability of mKlf4-1482 to promote self-renewal and inhibit differentiation is not as strong as that of mKlf4-1449. In contrast, both mKlf4-108 and mKlf4-375 may have the ability to induce endodermal differentiation. Taken together, we have identified for the first time the existence of alternative splicing variants of mKlf4 and have revealed their different roles, which provide new insights into the contribution of Klf4 to the self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiaxiang Xiong
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiangjun Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Ruan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanping Tian
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lianlian Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuda Cheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xueyue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yixiao Xu
- Southwest Hospital/southwest Eye Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Rui Jian
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Zhou Z, Song X, Chi JJ, Gius DR, Huang Y, Cristofanilli M, Wan Y. Regulation of KLF4 by posttranslational modification circuitry in endocrine resistance. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109574. [PMID: 32084531 PMCID: PMC7511032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
KLF4 plays an important role in orchestrating a variety of cellular events, including cell-fate decision, genome stability and apoptosis. Its deregulation is correlated with human diseases such as breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. Results from recent biochemical studies have revealed that KLF4 is tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications. Here we report a new finding that KLF4 orchestrates estrogen receptor signaling and facilitates endocrine resistance. We also uncovered the underlying mechanism that alteration of KLF4 by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation changes tumor cell response to endocrine therapy drugs. IHC analyses using based on human breast cancer specimens showed the accumulation of KLF4 protein in ER-positive breast cancer tissues. Elevated KLF4 expression significantly correlated with prognosis and endocrine resistance. Our drug screening for suppressing KLF4 protein expression led to identification of Src kinase to be a critical player in modulating KLF4-mediated tamoxifen resistance. Depletion of VHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor), a ubiquitin E3 ligase for KLF4, reduces tumor cell sensitivity to tamoxifen. We demonstrated phosphorylation of VHL by Src enhances proteolysis of VHL that in turn leads to upregulation of KLF4 and increases endocrine resistance. Suppression of Src-VHL-KLF4 cascade by Src inhibitor or enhancement of VHL-KLF4 ubiquitination by TAT-KLF4 (371-420AAa) peptides re-sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells to tamoxifen treatment. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel role for KLF4 in modulating endocrine resistance via the Src-VHL-KLF4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Xinxin Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Junlong Jack Chi
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - David R Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Yi Huang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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12
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KLF4-mediated upregulation of CD9 and CD81 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma development via JNK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:299. [PMID: 32350244 PMCID: PMC7190708 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 frequently serve as the surface markers of exosomes, which are involved in intercellular communication during tumor progression. KLF4 is a well-known tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study aims to investigate the relationship between KLF4 and CD9/CD81 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results showed that CD9 and CD81 were transcriptionally activated by KLF4 in HCC cell lines. Decreased expressions of CD9 and CD81 were found in most HCC tumor tissues and predicted advanced stages. Furthermore, KLF4 expression was positively associated with CD9 and CD81 expression in HCC specimens. Functionally, overexpression of CD9 and CD81 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and silencing CD9 and CD81 displayed opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, we found that JNK signaling pathway may be involved in the growth suppression mediated by CD9 and CD81. In addition, increased expression of KLF4, CD9 or CD81 had no obvious impact on exosome secretion from HCC cells. Collectively, we identified CD9 and CD81 as new transcriptional targets of KLF4 and the dysregulated KLF4-CD9/CD81-JNK signaling contributes to HCC development. Our findings will provide new promising targets against this disease.
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Yu M, Hong W, Ruan S, Guan R, Tu L, Huang B, Hou B, Jian Z, Ma L, Jin H. Genome-Wide Profiling of Prognostic Alternative Splicing Pattern in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:773. [PMID: 31552163 PMCID: PMC6736558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) has a critical role in tumor progression and prognosis. Our study aimed to investigate pancreatic cancer-specific AS events using RNA-seq data, gaining systematic insights into potential prognostic predictors. We downloaded 10,623 genes with 45,313 pancreatic cancer-specific AS events from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and SpliceSeq database. Cox univariate analyses of overall survival suggested there was a remarkable association between 6,711 AS events and overall survival in pancreatic cancer patients (P < 0.05). The area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) of risk score was 0.89 for final prognostic predictor. Results indicated that AS events of DAZAP1, RBM4, ESRP1, QKI, and SF1 were significantly associated with overall survival. The results of FunRich showed that transcription factors KLF7, GABPA, and SP1 were the most highly related to survival-associated AS genes. Furthermore, using DriverDBv2, we identified 13 driver genes associated with survival-associated AS events, including TP53 and CDC27. Thus, we concluded that the aberrant AS patterns in pancreatic cancer patients might serve as prognostic predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yu
| | - Weifeng Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiye Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renguo Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Tu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liheng Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosheng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Haosheng Jin
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Degen M, Wiederkehr A, La Scala GC, Carmann C, Schnyder I, Katsaros C. Keratinocytes Isolated From Individual Cleft Lip/Palate Patients Display Variations in Their Differentiation Potential in vitro. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1703. [PMID: 30555344 PMCID: PMC6281767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain more understanding of the complex molecular processes underlying cleft lip/palate (CLP), we established a unique human cell bank, consisting of keratinocytes and corresponding fibroblasts from individual CLP patients as a new study tool. After their careful characterization, we used such patient-derived cell cultures as well as control keratinocytes for in vitro differentiation and proliferation assays. Foreskin-derived control cells as a group showed significant higher induction of the late differentiation markers Loricrin and Filaggrin than the group of CLP patients-derived keratinocytes. Additionally, we detected great variations between individual CLP keratinocyte cell cultures in regard to their potential to terminally differentiate as assessed by the induction of Loricrin and Filaggrin. Primary patient cell cultures that did not properly differentiate, exhibited high proliferation rates. Moreover, we could correlate the expression levels of transcription factor IRF6 to the ability of individual cell cultures to terminally differentiate. Using clinically relevant, patient-derived cells, our results suggest that some of the genetic predispositions causing CLP might also lead to deficiencies in keratinocyte differentiation manifested in in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Wiederkehr
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christina Carmann
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Wang L, Shen F, Stroehlein JR, Wei D. Context-dependent functions of KLF4 in cancers: Could alternative splicing isoforms be the key? Cancer Lett 2018; 438:10-16. [PMID: 30217565 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is an important transcription factor that is expressed in a variety of tissues and regulates many critical physiologic and cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, stem cell reprogramming, maintenance of genomic stability, and normal tissue homeostasis. KLF4 has both tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions in gastrointestinal and other cancers. These functions are thought to be context dependent, but how KLF4 exerts these differential functions and the molecular mechanisms behind them remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that the KLF4 gene undergoes alternative splicing, and the protein products of certain transcripts antagonize wild-type KLF4 function, suggesting an additional layer of regulation of KLF4 function. Therefore, detailed study of KLF4 alternative splicing may not only provide new insights into the complexity of KLF4 functions but also lead to rational targeting of KLF4 for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John R Stroehlein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ferralli J, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Degen M. KLF4α stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation by acting as a KLF4 antagonist. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45608-45621. [PMID: 27323810 PMCID: PMC5216746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcription factor involved in both tumor suppression and oncogenesis in various human tumors, is subject to alternative splicing that produces KLF4α. KLF4α is primarily expressed in the cytoplasm because it lacks exon 3 of KLF4, which contains the nuclear localization signal. The role of KLF4 in breast cancer remains unclear and nothing is known yet about the expression and function of the isoform KLF4α. Here, we show that KLF4α is expressed in normal and tumoral tissue of the breast and provide evidence that the KLF4α/KLF4(full-length) (FL) ratio is increased in tumors compared to corresponding normal tissue. Forced increase of the KLF4α/KLF4(FL) ratio in the metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 decreases the levels of E-Cadherin, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1, three known KLF4(FL) target genes, and stimulates cell proliferation. We suggest that cytoplasmic KLF4α binds to KLF4(FL) and retains it in the cytoplasm thereby antagonizing the gene regulatory activities of KLF4(FL) in the nucleus. Our results establish KLF4α as a KLF4 isoform that opposes the function of KLF4(FL) and as an important factor in the complex and unresolved role of KLF4(FL) in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ferralli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chen X, Li S, Ke Y, Wu S, Huang T, Hu W, Fu H, Guo X. KLF16 suppresses human glioma cell proliferation and tumourigenicity by targeting TFAM. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:608-615. [PMID: 29374989 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1431654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, PR China
| | - Yumin Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Shukai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Tianzao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Huangde Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Xieli Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, PR China
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The Prognostic Value of Decreased KLF4 in Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis from 17 Studies. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:3064246. [PMID: 29062163 PMCID: PMC5618782 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3064246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of loss of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in digestive system cancers has not reached a consensus. This study aimed for a comprehensive investigation of the internal associations between KLF4 expression loss and prognostic implications in patients with digestive system cancers. Methods We searched for all relevant literatures in the electronic databases until February 1, 2017. The degree of association between KLF4 and prognosis was evaluated by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) as well as relevant 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Seventeen eligible studies with 2118 patients revealed that loss of KLF4 expression was connected with poor prognosis, with the pooled HRs of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.17–2.20, P = 0.003) for the overall survival (OS) and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.12–3.52, P = 0.001) for the disease-free survival (DFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS). Additionally, loss of KLF4 expression was also related to a worse disease-special survival (DSS) yielding a pooled HR of 1.73 (95% CI: 1.08–2.77, P = 0.022). Conclusion Our findings suggest that loss of KLF4 expression is correlated with a bad outcome in most digestive system cancers, apart from esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Lin Y, Wang X, Cui X, Zhang Z, Xian G, Qin C. Novel crosstalk between KLF4 and ZEB1 regulates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1239-1248. [PMID: 28849150 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with broad resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a candidate tumor suppressor in PDAC. However, the precise role of KLF4 in gemcitabine resistance of PDAC remains largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that gemcitabine inhibited KLF4 expression. Moreover, gemcitabine also reduced the levels of miR‑200b and miR‑183, but promoted ZEB1 expression in PDAC cells. KLF4 knockdown blocked the expression of miR‑200b and miR‑183, and inversely, KLF4 overexpression promoted the expression of miR‑200b and miR‑183, suggesting that KLF4 positively regulated the expression of miR‑200b and miR‑183. Moreover, KLF4 knockdown enhanced ZEB1 expression and gemcitabine resistance while KLF4 overexpression induced the opposite effect. ChIP assays verified that KLF4 positively regulated the expression of miR‑200b and miR‑183 by directly binding to their promoters. Then, miR‑200b and miR‑183 directly inhibited ZEB1 expression by targeting its 3'UTR region. ZEB1 knockdown attenuated gemcitabine resistance in PDAC cells. KLF4 overexpression promoted gemcitabine sensitivity of PDAC in vivo by negatively regulating ZEB1 expression. Our results revealed that novel crosstalk between KLF4 and ZEB1 regulated gemcitabine resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yanliang Lin
- Department of Center Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xianping Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guozhe Xian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Chen C, Ma Z, Zhang H, Liu X, Yu Z. Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Enhances Sensitivity of Cisplatin to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3353-3359. [PMID: 28694421 PMCID: PMC5516682 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Krüppel-Like factor 4 (KLF4) in cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, which may eventually help to improve the treatment efficacy. Material/Methods Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line CaEs-17, TE-1, EC109, KYSE510, KYSE140, KYSE70, and KYSE30 were selected to detect their sensitivity to cisplatin. 5-Azacytidine-2′-deoxycytidine (5′-Aza-CdR) treatment and methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) were used to detect the methylation status for KLF4. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle were measured using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, Annexin V affinity assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Results The sensitivity to cisplatin was different in the seven ESCC cell lines, with TE-1 having the lowest sensitivity and KYSE140 having the highest sensitivity. Interestingly, the level of KLF4 was relatively low in TE-1 cells; while it was high in KYSE140 cells. These results suggested that KLF4 may be involved in cisplatin resistance. The promoter region was mostly unmethylated in KYSE140 cells; while it was hypermethylated in TE-1 cells. After treatment with demethylation reagent 5-Aza-CdR, cisplatin sensitivities were significantly increased after upregulation of KLF4, as the IC50 values were significantly decreased in the TE-1 cell treated with 5-Aza-CdR. Furthermore, upregulation of KLF4 induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Conclusions KLF4 enhances the sensitivity of cisplatin to ESCC cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Our data provided a novel insight to the mechanism of cisplatin resistance; overexpression of KLF4 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for cisplatin resistance in human ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangui Chen
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqiong Liu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Xie VK, Li Z, Yan Y, Jia Z, Zuo X, Ju Z, Wang J, Du J, Xie D, Xie K, Wei D. DNA-Methyltransferase 1 Induces Dedifferentiation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Silencing of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5585-5597. [PMID: 28659310 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The dismal prognosis of pancreatic cancer has been linked to poor tumor differentiation. However, molecular basis of pancreatic cancer differentiation and potential therapeutic value of the underlying molecules remain unknown. We investigated the mechanistic underexpression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in pancreatic cancer and defined a novel epigenetic pathway of its activation for pancreatic cancer differentiation and treatment.Experimental Design: Expressions of KLF4 and DNMT1 in pancreatic cancer tissues were determined by IHC and the genetic and epigenetic alterations of KLF4 in and KLF4's impact on differentiation of pancreatic cancer were examined using molecular biology techniques. The function of dietary 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on miR-152/DNMT1/KLF4 signaling in pancreatic cancer was evaluated using both cell culture and animal models.Results: Overexpression of DNMT1 and promoter hypermethylation contributed to decreased KLF4 expression in and associated with poor differentiation of pancreatic cancer. Manipulation of KLF4 expression significantly affected differentiation marker expressions in pancreatic cancer cells. DIM treatment significantly induced miR-152 expression, which blocked DNMT1 protein expression and its binding to KLF4 promoter region, and consequently reduced promoter DNA methylation and activated KLF4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, DIM treatment caused significant inhibition of cell growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in animal models of pancreatic cancer.Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that dysregulated KLF4 expression associates with poor differentiation of pancreatic cancer. Epigenetic activation of miR-152/DNMT1/KLF4 signaling pathway by dietary DIM causes differentiation and significant growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells, highlighting its translational implications for pancreatic and other cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5585-97. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiawei Du
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University East Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University East Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Keping Xie
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Kim CK, He P, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1845-1875. [PMID: 28366734 PMCID: PMC5815166 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
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Song X, Xing YM, Wu W, Cheng GH, Xiao F, Jin G, Liu Y, Zhao X. Expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 in breast cancer tissues and its effects on the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2463-2467. [PMID: 28565864 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect the expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in breast cancer tissues and to evaluate the effect on the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of KLF4 protein in 239 breast cancer tissues and 40 paracancerous tissues were detected by an immunohistochemical assay, and its correlation with clinical pathological parameters was analyzed. A eukaryotic expression vector, pcDNA3.1-KLF4, was constructed by transient transfection of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with liposomes (experimental group). The untransfected cells and those transfected with empty plasmid pcDNA3.1 were used as the blank and negative control groups, respectively. The expression of the KLF4 gene and protein in the three groups were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, the cell proliferative capacity was detected by an MTT assay. The positive expression rate of KLF4 protein in breast cancer tissues (39.0%, 93/239) was significantly lower than that of paracancerous tissues (77.5%, 31/40) (P<0.05). In addition, KLF4 protein expression in breast cancer tissues was correlated with pathological type, histological grade and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). KLF4 mRNA and protein were both expressed by the experimental group, but not by the two control groups. Meanwhile, the proliferative capacity of the experimental group was also significantly decreased. A significant decrease in the positive expression rate of KLF4 protein in breast cancer tissues was correlated with several clinical pathological parameters. In addition, transfection of the KLF4 gene inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells, suggesting that this gene is important in the onset and progression of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Song
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ming Xing
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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24
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Ghaleb AM, Yang VW. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4): What we currently know. Gene 2017; 611:27-37. [PMID: 28237823 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factor that regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Since its discovery in 1996, KLF4 has been gaining a lot of attention, particularly after it was shown in 2006 as one of four factors involved in the induction of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here we review the current knowledge about the different functions and roles of KLF4 in various tissue and organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Ghaleb
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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KLF4 is regulated by RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling through E2F1 and promotes melanoma cell growth. Oncogene 2017; 36:3322-3333. [PMID: 28068326 PMCID: PMC5474568 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and treatment of metastatic melanoma remains challenging. BRAF/MEK inhibitors show only temporary benefit due the occurrence of resistance and immunotherapy is effective only in a subset of patients. To improve patient survival, there is a need to better understand molecular mechanisms that drive melanoma growth and operate downstream of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. The Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays a critical role in embryonic development, stemness and cancer, where it can act either as oncogene or tumor suppressor. KLF4 is highly expressed in post-mitotic epidermal cells, but its role in melanoma remains unknown. Here, we address the function of KLF4 in melanoma and its interaction with the MAPK signaling pathway. We find that KLF4 is highly expressed in a subset of human melanomas. Ectopic expression of KLF4 enhances melanoma cell growth by decreasing apoptosis. Conversely, knock-down of KLF4 reduces melanoma cell proliferation and induces cell death. In addition, depletion of KLF4 reduces melanoma xenograft growth in vivo. We find that the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling positively modulates KLF4 expression through the transcription factor E2F1, which directly binds to KLF4 promoter. Overall, our data demonstrate the pro-tumorigenic role of KLF4 in melanoma and uncover a novel ERK1/2-E2F1-KLF4 axis. These findings identify KLF4 as a possible new molecular target for designing novel therapeutic treatments to control melanoma growth.
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Hsieh PN, Sweet DR, Fan L, Jain MK. Aging and the Krüppel-like factors. TRENDS IN CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 12:1-15. [PMID: 29416266 PMCID: PMC5798252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger containing transcription factors with diverse patterns of expression and a wide array of cellular functions. While their roles in mammalian physiology are well known, there is a growing appreciation for their roles in modulating the fundamental progression of aging. Here we review the current knowledge of Krüppel-like factors with a focus on their roles in processes regulating aging and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paishiun N. Hsieh
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David R. Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Liyan Fan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Xue YK, Tan J, Dou DW, Chen D, Chen LJ, Ren HP, Chen LB, Xiong XG, Zheng H. Effect of Kruppel-like factor 4 on Notch pathway in hepatic stellate cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:811-816. [PMID: 27924515 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and the Notch pathway was determined to investigate the effect of KLF4 on the activation of hepatic stellate cells and underlying mechanisms. Fifty SPF BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups. A liver fibrosis model was established in 25 mice as the experimental group, and the remaining 25 mice served as controls. On the day 0, 7, 14, and 35, liver tissues were removed for immunofluorescent detection. The Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT was added to the primary original hepatic stellate cells, and KLF4 and Notch-associated factor expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Additionally, the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 was used to establish control and experimental groups, and was cultured in vitro. LX-2 cells in the experimental groups were treated with DAPT and the Notch activator transforming growth factor-beta 1 separately, whereas those in the control group were given isotonic culture medium. After 48 h, KLF4 expression was examined by Western blotting. After transient transfection of LX-2 cells to increase KLF4, the expression of Notch factor was examined. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that, with the aggravation of liver fibrosis, the absorbance (A) values of KLF4 were decreased (day 0: 980.73±153.19; day 7: 1087.99±230.23; day 14: 390.95±93.56; day 35: 245.99±87.34). The expression of Notch pathway- related factors (Notch-1, Notch-2, and Jagged-1) in the hepatic stellate cell membrane was negatively correlated to KLF4 expression. With the increase of KLF4 expression, Notch-2 (0.73±0.13) and Jagged-1 (0.43±0.12) expression decreased, whereas Notch-1 level was not detectable. When the Notch pathway was inhibited, KLF4 levels generally increased (18.12±1.31). Our results indicate that KLF4 expression is negatively correlated to the Notch pathway in hepatic stellate cells, which may provide a reference for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Kai Xue
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dong-Wei Dou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lu-Jia Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huan-Ping Ren
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Bo Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin-Gao Xiong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Hai Zheng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univerfsity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Tseng WC, Chuang CW, Yang MH, Pan CC, Tarng DC. Krüppel-like factor 4 is a novel prognostic predictor for urothelial carcinoma of bladder and it regulates TWIST1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:485.e15-485.e24. [PMID: 27519276 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) exerts tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions in a cell-type-dependent manner, but its prognostic role in urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) remains unclear. We aimed to determine how KLF4 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and predicts patient survival in UCB. PATIENTS AND METHODS The roles of KLF4 and other EMT regulators in cancer progression were studied in UCB specimens of 398 patients, UCB cell lines. The results were validated by open-access The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 46.5 months, tissue microarray demonstrated that strong KLF4 expression was associated with higher risk toward metastasis and death (P<0.001). KLF4 expression positively correlated with TWIST1 and vimentin, and inversely correlated with E-cadherin expression. Metastasis-free survival was poorest in KLF4/TWIST1 coexpression group, followed by KLF4 or TWIST1 expression-alone group, and no-expression group (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis substantiated that KLF4/TWIST1 coexpression independently predicted overall mortality and metastasis risk with hazard ratios of 2.43 (95% CI: 1.65-3.64) and 7.54 (CI: 4.03-12.10). The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset of bladder cancer also revealed a trend toward decreased overall survival in the high KLF4 expression group as compared to the low KLF4 group. In vitro, KLF4 is accompanied with decreased E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions, increased vimentin and fibronectin expressions, and enhanced migration/invasion. KLF4 knockdown suppressed TWIST1 expression and inhibited EMT, migration and invasion, whereas enforced KLF4 overexpression activated TWIST1 expression and restored EMT and metastatic phenotype. Furthermore, TWIST1 knockdown abolished KLF4-faciliated EMT and metastatic feature without affecting KLF4 expression. CONCLUSIONS KLF4 promotes TWIST1-mediated EMT and may represent a novel prognostic predictor in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping-Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Chuang
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Guo K, Cui J, Quan M, Xie D, Jia Z, Wei D, Wang L, Gao Y, Ma Q, Xie K. The Novel KLF4/MSI2 Signaling Pathway Regulates Growth and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:687-696. [PMID: 27449499 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Musashi 2 (MSI2) is reported to be a potential oncoprotein in cases of leukemia and several solid tumors. However, its expression, function, and regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases have yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the clinical significance and biologic effects of MSI2 expression in PDAC cases and sought to delineate the clinical significance of the newly identified Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)/MSI2 regulatory pathway. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MSI2 expression and its association with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics in human PDAC specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically. The biological functions of MSI2 regarding PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis were studied using gain- and loss-of-function assays both in vitro and in vivo Regulation of MSI2 expression by KLF4 was examined in several cancer cell lines, and the underlying mechanisms were studied using molecular biologic methods. RESULTS MSI2 expression was markedly increased in both PDAC cell lines and human PDAC specimens, and high MSI2 expression was associated with poor prognosis for PDAC. Forced MSI2 expression promoted PDAC proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas knockdown of MSI2 expression did the opposite. Transcriptional inhibition of MSI2 expression by KLF4 occurred in multiple PDAC cell lines as well as mouse models of PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Lost expression of KLF4, a transcriptional repressor of MSI2 results in overexpression of MSI2 in PDACs, which may be a biomarker for accurate prognosis. A dysregulated KLF4/MSI2 signaling pathway promotes PDAC progression and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 687-96. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Gunasekharan VK, Li Y, Andrade J, Laimins LA. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of KLF4 by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses Is Necessary for the Differentiation-Dependent Viral Life Cycle. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005747. [PMID: 27386862 PMCID: PMC4936677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epithelial tropic viruses that link their productive life cycles to the differentiation of infected host keratinocytes. A subset of the over 200 HPV types, referred to as high-risk, are the causative agents of most anogenital malignancies. HPVs infect cells in the basal layer, but restrict viral genome amplification, late gene expression, and capsid assembly to highly differentiated cells that are active in the cell cycle. In this study, we demonstrate that HPV proteins regulate the expression and activities of a critical cellular transcription factor, KLF4, through post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Our studies show that KLF4 regulates differentiation as well as cell cycle progression, and binds to sequences in the upstream regulatory region (URR) to regulate viral transcription in cooperation with Blimp1. KLF4 levels are increased in HPV-positive cells through a post-transcriptional mechanism involving E7-mediated suppression of cellular miR-145, as well as at the post-translational level by E6–directed inhibition of its sumoylation and phosphorylation. The alterations in KLF4 levels and functions results in activation and suppression of a subset of KLF4 target genes, including TCHHL1, VIM, ACTN1, and POT1, that is distinct from that seen in normal keratinocytes. Knockdown of KLF4 with shRNAs in cells that maintain HPV episomes blocked genome amplification and abolished late gene expression upon differentiation. While KLF4 is indispensable for the proliferation and differentiation of normal keratinocytes, it is necessary only for differentiation-associated functions of HPV-positive keratinocytes. Increases in KLF4 levels alone do not appear to be sufficient to explain the effects on proliferation and differentiation of HPV-positive cells indicating that additional modifications are important. KLF4 has also been shown to be a critical regulator of lytic Epstein Barr virus (EBV) replication underscoring the importance of this cellular transcription factor in the life cycles of multiple human cancer viruses. Viruses that induce persistent infections often alter the expression and activities of cellular transcription factors to regulate their productive life cycles. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epithelial tropic viruses that link their productive life cycles to the differentiation of infected host keratinocytes. Our studies show that KLF-4, originally characterized as a pluripotency factor, binds HPV-31 promoters activating viral transcription as well as modulates host cell differentiation and cell cycle progression. KLF4 levels and activity are enhanced in HPV-positive cells by E6 and E7 mediated post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms resulting in altered target gene expression and biological functions from that seen in normal keratinocytes. Importantly, silencing KLF4 hinders viral genome amplification and late gene expression. Along with its recently identified role in Epstein Barr Virus reactivation during differentiation, our studies demonstrate the importance of KLF4 in the life cycles of multiple human cancer viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Kumar Gunasekharan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laimonis A. Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wei D, Wang L, Yan Y, Jia Z, Gagea M, Li Z, Zuo X, Kong X, Huang S, Xie K. KLF4 Is Essential for Induction of Cellular Identity Change and Acinar-to-Ductal Reprogramming during Early Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:324-338. [PMID: 26977883 PMCID: PMC4794756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation has significant impact on early cancer detection and intervention. To define the role of KLF4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) initiation, we used molecular biological analyses and mouse models of klf4 gain- and loss-of-function and mutant Kras. KLF4 is upregulated in and required for acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Klf4 ablation drastically attenuates the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia induced by mutant Kras(G12D), whereas upregulation of KLF4 does the opposite. Mutant KRAS and cellular injuries induce KLF4 expression, and ectopic expression of KLF4 in acinar cells reduces acinar lineage- and induces ductal lineage-related marker expression. These results demonstrate that KLF4 induces ductal identity in PanIN initiation and may be a potential target for prevention of PDA initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Unit 1644, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Park CS, Shen Y, Lewis A, Lacorazza HD. Role of the reprogramming factor KLF4 in blood formation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:673-85. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ru1215-539r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Yan Y, Li Z, Kong X, Jia Z, Zuo X, Gagea M, Huang S, Wei D, Xie K. KLF4-Mediated Suppression of CD44 Signaling Negatively Impacts Pancreatic Cancer Stemness and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2419-31. [PMID: 26880805 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
KLF4 and CD44 regulate cancer cell stemness, but their precise functions and roles in metastatic progression are not well understood. In this study, we used both inducible and genetic engineering approaches to assess whether the activities of these two factors intersect in pancreatic cancer. We found that genetic ablation of Klf4 in pancreatic cancer cells isolated from Klf4(flox/flox) mice drastically increased CD44 expression and promoted the acquisition of stem-like properties, whereas tetracycline-inducible expression of KLF4 suppressed these properties in vitro and in vivo Further mechanistic investigation revealed that KLF4 bound to the CD44 promoter to negatively regulate transcription and also the expression of the CD44 variant. Moreover, in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, the expression patterns of KLF4 and CD44 were mutually exclusive, and this inverse relationship was particularly striking in human metastatic pancreatic tumors and in autochthonous mouse models of PDAC. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that KLF4 acts as a tumor suppressor in PDAC cells that restricts metastatic behaviors through direct negative regulation of CD44, providing support for the clinical investigation of therapeutic approaches focusing on targeted KLF4 activation in advanced tumors. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2419-31. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. School of Medical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Feng Q, Wu LQ. Relationship between KLF4 and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:497-504. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i4.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of transcription factors with zinc finger structure, which play a key role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and embryonic development. KLF4 is an important member of the KLF family, and it is highly expressed in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. However, the mechanism of KLF4 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be explored. This paper reviews the biological function of KLF4 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Müller M, Hermann PC, Liebau S, Weidgang C, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Perkhofer L. The role of pluripotency factors to drive stemness in gastrointestinal cancer. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:349-57. [PMID: 26896855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A better molecular understanding of gastrointestinal cancers arising either from the stomach, the pancreas, the intestine, or the liver has led to the identification of a variety of potential new molecular therapeutic targets. However, in most cases surgery remains the only curative option. The intratumoral cellular heterogeneity of cancer stem cells, bulk tumor cells, and stromal cells further limits straightforward targeting approaches. Accumulating evidence reveals an intimate link between embryonic development, stem cells, and cancer formation. In line, a growing number of oncofetal proteins are found to play common roles within these processes. Cancer stem cells share features with true stem cells by having the capacity to self-renew in a de-differentiated state, to generate heterogeneous types of differentiated progeny, and to give rise to the bulk tumor. Further, various studies identified genes in cancer stem cells, which were previously shown to regulate the pluripotency circuitry, particularly the so-called "Yamanaka-Factors" (OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-MYC). However, the true stemness potential of cancer stem cells and the role and expression pattern of such pluripotency genes in various tumor cell types remain to be explored. Here, we summarize recent findings and discuss the potential mechanisms involved, and link them to clinical significance with a particular focus on gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Clair Weidgang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Guo J, Xie K, Zheng S. Molecular Biomarkers of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Their Implications in Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention of Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:292-301. [PMID: 26929736 PMCID: PMC4753158 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of early detection and effective interventions is a major reason for the poor prognosis and dismal survival rates for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is the most common precursor of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Each stage in the progression from PanIN to PDAC is well characterized by multiple significant genetic alterations affecting signaling pathways. Understanding the biological behavior and molecular alterations in the progression from PanIN to PDAC is crucial to the identification of noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for control of pancreatic cancer progression. This review focuses on molecular biomarkers of PanIN and their important roles in early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Guo
- 1. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Haikou 571199, People's Republic of China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keping Xie
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- 1. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Haikou 571199, People's Republic of China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Deregulated KLF4 Expression in Myeloid Leukemias Alters Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through MicroRNA and Gene Targets. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:559-73. [PMID: 26644403 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00712-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by increased proliferation and blocked differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors mediated, in part, by altered myeloid transcription factor expression. Decreased Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression has been observed in AML, but how decreased KLF4 contributes to AML pathogenesis is largely unknown. We demonstrate decreased KLF4 expression in AML patient samples with various cytogenetic aberrations, confirm that KLF4 overexpression promotes myeloid differentiation and inhibits cell proliferation in AML cell lines, and identify new targets of KLF4. We have demonstrated that microRNA 150 (miR-150) expression is decreased in AML and that reintroducing miR-150 expression induces myeloid differentiation and inhibits proliferation of AML cells. We show that KLF family DNA binding sites are necessary for miR-150 promoter activity and that KLF2 or KLF4 overexpression induces miR-150 expression. miR-150 silencing, alone or in combination with silencing of CDKN1A, a well-described KLF4 target, did not fully reverse KLF4-mediated effects. Gene expression profiling and validation identified putative KLF4-regulated genes, including decreased MYC and downstream MYC-regulated gene expression in KLF4-overexpressing cells. Our findings indicate that decreased KLF4 expression mediates antileukemic effects through regulation of gene and microRNA networks, containing miR-150, CDKN1A, and MYC, and provide mechanistic support for therapeutic strategies increasing KLF4 expression.
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38
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p-21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) maintains stem cell-like phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells through activation of STAT3 signaling. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:260-7. [PMID: 26546043 PMCID: PMC4684758 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a highly lethal malignancy due to its unusual chemoresistance and high aggressiveness. A subpopulation of pancreatic tumor cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is considered responsible not only for tumor-maintenance, but also for its widespread metastasis and therapeutic failure. Here we investigated the role of p-21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in driving PC stemness properties. Our data demonstrate that triple-positive (CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+) subpopulation of pancreatic CSCs exhibits greater level of PAK4 as compared to triple-negative (CD24−/CD44−/EpCAM−) cells. Moreover, PAK4 silencing in PC cells leads to diminished fraction of CD24, CD44, and EpCAM positive cells. Furthermore, we show that PAK4-silenced PC cells exhibit decreased sphere-forming ability and increased chemo-sensitivity to gemcitabine toxicity. PAK4 expression is also associated with enhanced levels of stemness-associated transcription factors (Oct4/Nanog/Sox2 and KLF4). Furthermore, our data show decreased nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of STAT3 in PAK4-silenced PC cells and restitution of its activity leads to restoration of stem cell phenotypes. Together, our findings deliver first experimental evidence for the involvement of PAK4 in PC stemness and support its clinical utility as a novel therapeutic target in PC.
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Sun L, Chua CYX, Tian W, Zhang Z, Chiao PJ, Zhang W. MicroRNA Signaling Pathway Network in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:563-577. [PMID: 26554910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered to be the most lethal and aggressive malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Their responses to current multimodal therapeutic regimens are limited. It is urgently needed to identify the molecular mechanism underlying pancreatic oncogenesis. Twelve core signaling cascades have been established critical in PDAC tumorigenesis by governing a wide variety of cellular processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in different types of tumors and play pivotal roles as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Here, we will describe how miRNAs regulate different signaling pathways that contribute to pancreatic oncogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Weijun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston 77030, USA; Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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40
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Zhou J, Lai PBS, Tsui SKW. Identification of a non-coding KLF4 transcript generated from intron retention and downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1554-62. [PMID: 26238073 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) gene is related to various biological processes including stem cell reprogramming and tumorigenesis. In this study, we identified and characterized a non-coding transcript of KLF4, which was designated KLF4‑003, in human liver tissue samples. KLF4‑003 was identified in a number of cell lines by reverse transcription PCR and DNA sequencing. Its expression levels were determined in 54 pairs of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and a number of HCC cell lines by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Methylation status of KLF4‑003 CpG islands was determined by bisulfite sequencing. The regulatory effect of KLF4‑003 CpG islands hypermethylation in Hep3B cells was then validated by the 5-aza-dC demethylation treatment, followed by RT-PCR analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created to evaluate the diagnostic value for differentiating between HCC cancer and benign diseases. The association study between KLF4‑003 expression level and clinical traits of HCC patients was performed with SPSS. We found that KLF4‑003 was downregulated in 46 out of 54 HCC samples compared with their adjunct normal tissues. The reduced KLF4‑003 expression was significantly associated with HCC recurrence (P=0.045) in the follow-up of 31 HCC patients. Significant differences were detected between the methylation status of HCC specimens and their adjacent normal controls. Demethylation treatment significantly rescued the expression of KLF4‑003 in Hep3B cells. Such observation indicated that the CpG island hypermethylation was at least partially responsible for the downregulation of KLF4‑003 in HCC. The area under ROC curve for the prediction of HCC reached 0.803 (95% CI=0.719-0.886, P<0.001). Our results suggested that the expression of KLF4‑003 was epigenetically regulated by methylation status of a KLF4‑003 CpG island in HCC. The differential expression of KLF4‑003 might play an important role in HCC development and might serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Paul Bo-San Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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Huang S, Wang C, Yi Y, Sun X, Luo M, Zhou Z, Li J, Cai Y, Jiang X, Ke Y. Krüppel-like factor 9 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity via downregulation of miR-21. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:547-55. [PMID: 25305446 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are zinc finger-containing transcription factors that play key roles in the regulation of differentiation and development as well as biological processes central to the development of malignancies. Increasing evidence indicates that Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) plays a critical role in regulating tumorigenesis. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of KLF9 in glioma progression remain unclear. Herein, we found that KLF9 expression was strongly reduced in gliomas. Reduced KLF9 expression promoted glioma cell proliferation. Importantly, re-constitution of KLF9 expression inhibited glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we determined that KLF9 interacted with the miR-21 promoter, leading to suppression of miR-21 expression and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings indicate a novel mechanism for KLF function in tumorigenesis and may also suggest new targets for clinical intervention in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Chanjuan Wang
- Department of The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongjun Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Minjie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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42
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Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies extracellular matrix gene expression by pancreatic circulating tumor cells. Cell Rep 2014. [PMID: 25242334 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.029.single-cell] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary tumors into the bloodstream, mediating the hematogenous spread of cancer to distant organs. To define their composition, we compared genome-wide expression profiles of CTCs with matched primary tumors in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, isolating individual CTCs using epitope-independent microfluidic capture, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. CTCs clustered separately from primary tumors and tumor-derived cell lines, showing low-proliferative signatures, enrichment for the stem-cell-associated gene Aldh1a2, biphenotypic expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and expression of Igfbp5, a gene transcript enriched at the epithelial-stromal interface. Mouse as well as human pancreatic CTCs exhibit a very high expression of stromal-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including SPARC, whose knockdown in cancer cells suppresses cell migration and invasiveness. The aberrant expression by CTCs of stromal ECM genes points to their contribution of microenvironmental signals for the spread of cancer to distant organs.
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43
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Ting DT, Wittner BS, Ligorio M, Vincent Jordan N, Shah AM, Miyamoto DT, Aceto N, Bersani F, Brannigan BW, Xega K, Ciciliano JC, Zhu H, MacKenzie OC, Trautwein J, Arora KS, Shahid M, Ellis HL, Qu N, Bardeesy N, Rivera MN, Deshpande V, Ferrone CR, Kapur R, Ramaswamy S, Shioda T, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies extracellular matrix gene expression by pancreatic circulating tumor cells. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1905-1918. [PMID: 25242334 PMCID: PMC4230325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary tumors into the bloodstream, mediating the hematogenous spread of cancer to distant organs. To define their composition, we compared genome-wide expression profiles of CTCs with matched primary tumors in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, isolating individual CTCs using epitope-independent microfluidic capture, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. CTCs clustered separately from primary tumors and tumor-derived cell lines, showing low-proliferative signatures, enrichment for the stem-cell-associated gene Aldh1a2, biphenotypic expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and expression of Igfbp5, a gene transcript enriched at the epithelial-stromal interface. Mouse as well as human pancreatic CTCs exhibit a very high expression of stromal-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including SPARC, whose knockdown in cancer cells suppresses cell migration and invasiveness. The aberrant expression by CTCs of stromal ECM genes points to their contribution of microenvironmental signals for the spread of cancer to distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matteo Ligorio
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Vincent Jordan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesca Bersani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian W Brannigan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristina Xega
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jordan C Ciciliano
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huili Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olivia C MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julie Trautwein
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kshitij S Arora
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Haley L Ellis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Na Qu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ravi Kapur
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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44
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Cui J, Shi M, Quan M, Xie K. Regulation of EMT by KLF4 in gastrointestinal cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2014; 13:986-95. [PMID: 24168184 DOI: 10.2174/15680096113136660104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is characterized by its aggressiveness, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Studies reveal that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is regulated by a series of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is strongly associated with GI cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Importantly, EMT is a product of crosstalk between signaling pathways. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc finger-type transcription factor, is decreased or lost in most GI cancers. By transcriptionally regulating its downstream target genes, KLF4 plays important roles of GI cancer tumorigenesis, proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of KLF4 in GI cancer EMT, and demonstrate that through crosstalk with TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways, KLF4 negatively regulates EMT of GI cancers. Finally, we indicate the challenging new frontiers for KLF4 which contributes to better understanding of the mechanism of GI cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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45
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Sureban SM, May R, Weygant N, Qu D, Chandrakesan P, Bannerman-Menson E, Ali N, Pantazis P, Westphalen CB, Wang TC, Houchen CW. XMD8-92 inhibits pancreatic tumor xenograft growth via a DCLK1-dependent mechanism. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:151-61. [PMID: 24880079 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
XMD8-92 is a kinase inhibitor with anti-cancer activity against lung and cervical cancers, but its effect on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. Doublecortin-like kinase1 (DCLK1) is upregulated in various cancers including PDAC. In this study, we showed that XMD8-92 inhibits AsPC-1 cancer cell proliferation and tumor xenograft growth. XMD8-92 treated tumors demonstrated significant downregulation of DCLK1 and several of its downstream targets (including c-MYC, KRAS, NOTCH1, ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAIL, SLUG, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, LIN28, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2) via upregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs let-7a, miR-144, miR-200a-c, and miR-143/145; it did not however affect BMK1 downstream genes p21 and p53. These data taken together suggest that XMD8-92 treatment results in inhibition of DCLK1 and downstream oncogenic pathways (EMT, pluripotency, angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic), and is a promising chemotherapeutic agent against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripathi M Sureban
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Randal May
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | | | - Naushad Ali
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | | | - Christoph B Westphalen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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46
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Sivadas VP, Gulati S, Varghese BT, Balan A, Kannan S. The early manifestation, tumor-specific occurrence and prognostic significance of TGFBR2 aberrant splicing in oral carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:156-62. [PMID: 24846200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an important mechanism that can disrupt cell cycle control resulting in tumorigenesis. Although many alterations of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signaling are reported in cancers, the role of splice aberrations in destabilizing this signaling is the least understood mechanism. In this study, we compared TGFBR2 alternative splicing events in potentially malignant oral disorders (PMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples with those in normal samples. Interestingly, there were five alternatively spliced forms of TGFBR2 with a deficient kinase domain in OSCCs. The TGFBR2 aberrant splicing was tumor-specific, suggesting that selective splicing out of TGFBR2 kinase domain could be a mechanism misused by cancer cells for evading TGFβ signaling-mediated anti-tumor activities. Moreover, these aberrant transcripts were present in PMDs as well, suggesting an early occurrence of these events during oral carcinogenesis and offering the possibility of early diagnosis of malignancy. Furthermore, OSCC patients who harbored these aberrantly spliced transcripts exhibited poor disease free survival (p=0.028) and poor overall survival (p=0.013). Thus, assessing the presence of these TGFBR2 transcripts can serve as a prognostic marker for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Sivadas
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Saakshi Gulati
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Govt. Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Bipin T Varghese
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Anita Balan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Govt. Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - S Kannan
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
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47
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Huang C, Du J, Xie K. FOXM1 and its oncogenic signaling in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:104-16. [PMID: 24418574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with an overall 5-year survival rate less than 5%. Multiple signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, hypoxia-inducible factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, specificity proteins/Krüppel-like factors, and Forkhead box (FOX). Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that the transcription factor FOXM1 plays important roles in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of a variety of human tumors, including pancreatic cancer. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer with a special focus on the function and regulation of FOXM1 and rationale for FOXM1 as a novel molecular target for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jiawei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhenjiang Second People's Hospital, Jiangsu University College of Medicine, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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48
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Hsu LS, Chan CP, Chen CJ, Lin SH, Lai MT, Hsu JD, Yeh KT, Soon MS. Decreased Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression may correlate with poor survival in gastric adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 30:632. [PMID: 24105022 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) play either anti- or pro-proliferation roles in different human cancers. Here, we investigated the expression of KLF4 in gastric cancers and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival. KLF4 expression was measured in 118 surgical specimens by immunohistochemical microarray assay. No association of cytoplasmic KLF4 expression with gender, TNM status, stage, survival, and pathological type was found. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, significantly higher overall survival rate was observed in patients with high cytoplasmic KLF4 expression compared to low cytoplasmic KLF4 expression. Univariate analysis revealed that cytoplasmic KLF4 expression, grade, histological type, lymph node metastasis, and stages were correlated to longer overall survival. Our results suggest that KLF4 may play an anti-oncogenic role in gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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49
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Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators with diverse and essential functions in a multitude of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, inflammation and pluripotency. In this Review, we discuss the roles and regulation of the 17 known KLFs in various cancer-relevant processes. Importantly, the functions of KLFs are context dependent, with some KLFs having different roles in normal cells and cancer, during cancer development and progression and in different cancer types. We also identify key questions for the field that are likely to lead to important new translational research and discoveries in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Tetreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 913 Biomedical Research Building II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104-6144, USA
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50
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Jiang K, Ren C, Nair VD. MicroRNA-137 represses Klf4 and Tbx3 during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:1299-313. [PMID: 24084696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-137 (miR-137) has been shown to play an important role in the differentiation of neural stem cells. Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate into different cell types including neurons; however, the contribution of miR-137 in the maintenance and differentiation of ES cells remains unknown. Here, we show that miR-137 is mainly expressed in ES cells at the mitotic phase of the cell cycle and highly upregulated during differentiation. We identify that ES cell transcription factors, Klf4 and Tbx3, are downstream targets of miR-137, and we show that endogenous miR-137 represses the 3' untranslated regions of Klf4 and Tbx3. Transfection of ES cells with mature miR-137 RNA duplexes led to a significant reduction in cell proliferation and the expression of Klf4, Tbx3, and other self-renewal genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increased miR-137 expression accelerates differentiation of ES cells in vitro. Loss of miR-137 during ES cell differentiation significantly impeded neuronal gene expression and morphogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-137 regulates ES cell proliferation and differentiation by repressing the expression of downstream targets, including Klf4 and Tbx3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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