1
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Chen J, Sun Q, Wang Y, Yin W. Revealing the key role of cuproptosis in osteoporosis via the bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation of cuproptosis-related genes. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:414-431. [PMID: 38904833 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of osteoporosis has rapidly increased owing to the ageing population. Cuproptosis, a novel mechanism that regulates cell death, may be a new therapeutic approach. However, the relevance of cuproptosis in the immune microenvironment and osteoporosis immunotherapy is still unknown. We intersected the differentially expressed genes from osteoporotic samples with 75 cuproptosis-related genes to identify 16 significantly expressed cuproptosis genes. We further explored the connection between the cuproptosis pattern, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis algorithm was used to identify cuproptosis phenotype-associated genes, and we used quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in mouse femur tissues to verify hub gene (MAP2K2, FDX1, COX19, VEGFA, CDKN2A, and NFE2L2) expression. Six hub genes and 59 cuproptosis phenotype-associated genes involved in immunisation were identified among the osteoporosis and control groups, and the majority of these 59 genes were enriched in the inflammatory response, as well as in signal transducers, Janus kinase, and transcription pathway activators. In addition, two different clusters of cuproptosis were found, and immune infiltration analysis showed that gene Cluster 1 had a greater immune score and immune infiltration level. Further analysis revealed that three key genes (COX19, MAP2K2, and FDX1) were highly correlated with immune cell infiltration, and external experiments validated the association of these three genes with the prognosis of osteoporosis. We used the three key mRNAs COX19, MAP2K2, and FDX1 as a classification model that may systematically elucidate the complex connection between cuproptosis and the immune microenvironment of osteoporosis. New insights into osteoporosis pathogenesis and immunotherapy prospects may be gained from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Qifeng Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wenzhe Yin
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
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2
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Zhou C, Pan X, Huang L, Wu T, Zhao T, Qi J, Wu J, Mukondiwa AV, Tang Y, Luo Y, Tu Q, Huang Z, Niu J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates cholestatic liver injury via a hepatic FGFR4-JNK pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166870. [PMID: 37696161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is characterized by hepatic accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids (BAs), which often subsequently leads to liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a liver-secreted hormone with pleiotropic effects on the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. However, whether hepatic FGF21 plays a role in cholestatic liver injury remains elusive. We found that serum and hepatic FGF21 levels were significantly increased in response to cholestatic liver injury. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Fgf21 exacerbated hepatic accumulation of BAs, further accentuating liver injury. Consistently, administration of rFGF21 ameliorated cholestatic liver injury caused by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) treatment and Mdr2 deficiency. Mechanically, FGF21 activated a hepatic FGFR4-JNK signaling pathway to decrease Cyp7a1 expression, thereby reducing hepatic BAs pool. Our study demonstrates that hepatic FGF21 functions as an adaptive stress-responsive signal to downregulate BA biosynthesis, thereby ameliorating cholestatic liver injury, and FGF21 analogs may represent a candidate therapy for cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanren Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaomin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tianzhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Alan Vengai Mukondiwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuli Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qi Tu
- Hangzhou Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Jianlou Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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3
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Juanola O, Hassan M, Kumar P, Yilmaz B, Keller I, Simillion C, Engelmann C, Tacke F, Dufour JF, De Gottardi A, Moghadamrad S. Intestinal microbiota drives cholestasis-induced specific hepatic gene expression patterns. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33847205 PMCID: PMC8049203 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1911534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota regulates multiple host metabolic and immunological processes. Consequently, any difference in its qualitative and quantitative composition is susceptible to exert significant effects, in particular along the gut-liver axis. Indeed, recent findings suggest that such changes modulate the severity and the evolution of a wide spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders. However, the mechanisms linking intestinal microbiota and the pathogenesis of liver disease remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated how a distinct composition of the intestinal microbiota, in comparison with germ-free conditions, may lead to different outcomes in an experimental model of acute cholestasis. Acute cholestasis was induced in germ-free (GF) and altered Schaedler's flora (ASF) colonized mice by common bile duct ligation (BDL). Studies were performed 5 days after BDL and hepatic histology, gene expression, inflammation, lipids metabolism, and mitochondrial functioning were evaluated in normal and cholestatic mice. Differences in plasma concentration of bile acids (BA) were evaluated by UHPLC-HRMS. The absence of intestinal microbiota was associated with significant aggravation of hepatic bile infarcts after BDL. At baseline, we found the absence of gut microbiota induced altered expression of genes involved in the metabolism of fatty and amino acids. In contrast, acute cholestasis induced altered expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix, cell cycle, autophagy, activation of MAPK, inflammation, metabolism of lipids, and mitochondrial functioning pathways. Ductular reactions, cell proliferation, deposition of collagen 1 and autophagy were increased in the presence of microbiota after BDL whereas GF mice were more susceptible to hepatic inflammation as evidenced by increased gene expression levels of osteopontin, interleukin (IL)-1β and activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway as compared to ASF colonized mice. Additonally, we found that the presence of microbiota provided partial protection to the mitochondrial functioning and impairment in the fatty acid metabolism after BDL. The concentration of the majority of BA markedly increased after BDL in both groups without remarkable differences according to the hygiene status of the mice. In conclusion, acute cholestasis induced more severe liver injury in GF mice compared to mice with limited intestinal bacterial colonization. This protective effect was associated with different hepatic gene expression profiles mostly related to tissue repair, metabolic and immune functions. Our findings suggest that microbial-induced differences may impact the course of cholestasis and modulate liver injury, offering a background for novel therapies based on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Juanola
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mohsin Hassan
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Gastroenterology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Department for Biomedical Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Simillion
- Department for Biomedical Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea De Gottardi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland,Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sheida Moghadamrad
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland,Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland,CONTACT Sheida Moghadamrad Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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4
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Wu L, Huang XQ, Li N, Xie C, Rao SX, Chen SY, Li F. A magnetic resonance imaging modality for non-invasively distinguishing progression of liver fibrosis by visualizing hepatic platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta expression in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3448-3456. [PMID: 34278598 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the most critical cells responsible for liver fibrosis, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is the most prominent mitogen for HSCs in fibrogenesis. This study aimed to explore the potential of gadolinium (Gd)-labeled cyclic peptides (pPB) targeting PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR-β) as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiotracer to identify the progression of liver fibrosis by imaging hepatic PDGFR-β expression. METHODS Mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) were used to mimic hepatic fibrosis in vivo. The binding activity of FITC-labeled pPB to PDGFR-β was assessed in cultured human HSCs (HSC-LX2). MRI was performed to visualize hepatic PDGFR-β expression in mice with different degrees of liver fibrosis after Gd-labeled pPB was injected. RESULTS Hepatic PDGFR-β expression level was correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis, and the majority of cells expressing PDGFR-β were found to be activated HSCs in fibrotic livers. Culture-activated human HSCs expressed abundant PDGFR-β, and FITC-labeled pPB could bind to these cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. With Gd-labeled pPB as a tracer, an MRI modality demonstrated that the relative hepatic T1-weighted MRI signal value progressively increased with the severity of hepatic fibrosis and reduced with remission. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic PDGFR-β expression reflects the progression of hepatic fibrosis, and MRI using Gd-labeled pPB as a tracer exhibits potential for distinguishing liver fibrosis staging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infection, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Li J, Zhang J, Zhang B, Chen L, Chen G, Zhu D, Chen J, Duan L, Duan Y. rSjP40 Inhibited the Activity of Collagen Type I Promoter via Ets-1 in HSCs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765616. [PMID: 34820381 PMCID: PMC8606555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a severe disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the liver. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a major source of ECM and a key regulator of liver fibrosis. Collagen type I alpha I (COL1A1) is one of the main components of ECM and is a major component in fibrotic tissues. Previously, we demonstrated that soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum could inhibit the expression of COL1A1 in activated HSCs. In addition, studies have found that Ets proto-oncogene 1 (Ets-1) suppresses the production of ECM by down-regulating matrix related genes such as COL1A1 induced by transforming growth factor β, and ultimately inhibits liver fibrosis. In this study, the major aim was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Ets-1 on inhibiting COL1A1 gene promoter activity in HSCs by recombinant Schistosoma japonicum protein P40 (rSjP40). We observed the rSjP40 inhibited the expression of COL1A1 by inhibiting the activity of the COL1A1 promoter, and the core region of rSjP40 acting on COL1A1 promoter was located at -1,722/-1,592. In addition, we also demonstrated that rSjP40 could promote the expression of Ets-1, and Ets-1 has a negative regulation effect on the COL1A1 promoter in human LX-2 cells. These data suggest that rSjP40 might inhibit the activity of COL1A1 promoter and inhibit the activation of HSCs by increasing the expression of transcription factor Ets-1, which will provide a new experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Cancer Research Center Nantong, Nantong Tumor Hospital & Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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6
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Schwabe RF, Tabas I, Pajvani UB. Mechanisms of Fibrosis Development in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1913-1928. [PMID: 32044315 PMCID: PMC7682538 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, affecting 20%-25% of the adult population. In 25% of patients, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which increases the risk for the development of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In patients with NASH, liver fibrosis is the main determinant of mortality. Here, we review how interactions between different liver cells culminate in fibrosis development in NASH, focusing on triggers and consequences of hepatocyte-macrophage-hepatic stellate cell (HSC) crosstalk. We discuss pathways through which stressed and dead hepatocytes instigate the profibrogenic crosstalk with HSC and macrophages, including the reactivation of developmental pathways such as TAZ, Notch, and hedgehog; how clearance of dead cells in NASH via efferocytosis may affect inflammation and fibrogenesis; and insights into HSC and macrophage heterogeneity revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, we summarize options to therapeutically interrupt this profibrogenic hepatocyte-macrophage-HSC network in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Utpal B Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
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7
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Li J, Zhao YR, Tian Z. Roles of hepatic stellate cells in acute liver failure: From the perspective of inflammation and fibrosis. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:412-420. [PMID: 31183002 PMCID: PMC6547291 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) usually results in hepatocellular dysfunction and coagulopathy and carries a high mortality rate. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are famous for their role in liver fibrosis. Although some recent studies revealed that HSCs might participate in the pathogenesis of ALF, the accurate mechanism is still not fully understood. This review focuses on the recent advances in understanding the functions of HSCs in ALF and revealed both protective and promotive roles during the pathogenesis of ALF: HSC activation participates in the maintenance of cell attachment and the architecture of liver tissue via extracellular matrix production and assists liver regeneration by producing growth factors; and HSC inflammation plays a role in relaying inflammation signaling from sinusoids to parenchyma via secretion of inflammatory cytokines. A better understanding of roles of HSCs in the pathogenesis of ALF may lead to improvements and novel strategies for treating ALF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Ren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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8
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Merlen G, Raymond VA, Cassim S, Lapierre P, Bilodeau M. Oxaloacetate Protects Rat Liver From Experimental Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Improving Cellular Energy Metabolism. Liver Transpl 2019; 25:627-639. [PMID: 30663275 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important cause of liver damage especially early after liver transplantation, following liver resection, and in other clinical situations. Using rat experimental models, we identified oxaloacetate (OAA) as a key metabolite able to protect hepatocytes from hypoxia and IRI. In vitro screening of metabolic intermediates beneficial for hepatocyte survival under hypoxia was performed by measures of cell death and injury. In vivo, the effect of OAA was evaluated using the left portal vein ligation (LPVL) model of liver ischemia and a model of warm IRI. Liver injury was evaluated in vivo by serum transaminase levels, liver histology, and liver weight (edema). Levels and activity of caspase 3 were also measured. In vitro, the addition of OAA to hepatocytes kept in a hypoxic environment significantly improved cell viability (P < 0.01), decreased cell injury (P < 0.01), and improved energy metabolism (P < 0.01). Administration of OAA significantly reduced the extent of liver injury in the LPVL model with lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; P < 0.01), and reduced liver necrosis (P < 0.05). When tested in a warm IRI model, OAA significantly decreased ALT (P < 0.001) and AST levels (P < 0.001), prevented liver edema (P < 0.001), significantly decreased caspase 3 expression (P < 0.01), as well as histological signs of cellular vesiculation and vacuolation (P < 0.05). This was associated with higher adenosine triphosphate (P < 0.05) and energy charge levels (P < 0.01). In conclusion, OAA can significantly improve survival of ischemic hepatocytes. The hepatoprotective effect of OAA was associated with increased levels of liver bioenergetics both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that it is possible to support mitochondrial activity despite the presence of ischemia and that OAA can effectively reduce ischemia-induced injury in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Merlen
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie-Ann Raymond
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Bai L, Chen Y, Zheng S, Ren F, Kong M, Liu S, Han Y, Duan Z. Phenotypic switch of human and mouse macrophages and resultant effects on apoptosis resistance in hepatocytes. Innate Immun 2019; 25:176-185. [PMID: 30803296 PMCID: PMC6830937 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919831350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) carries a significant burden on critical care services and health care resources. However, the exact pathogenesis of ACLF remains to be elucidated, and novel treatments are desperately required. In our previous work, we utilized mice subjected to acute insult in the context of hepatic fibrosis to simulate the development of ACLF and documented the favorable hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we focused on the phenotypic switch of human and mouse macrophages and assessed the effects of this switch on apoptosis resistance in hepatocytes. For this purpose, human and mouse macrophages were isolated and polarized into M0, M(IFN-γ), M(IFN-γ→IL-4), M(IL-4) or M(IL-4→IFN-γ) subsets. Conditioned media (CM) from these subsets were applied to human and mouse hepatocytes followed by apoptosis induction. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by immunostaining for cleaved caspase-3. As a result, M(IFN-γ) or M(IL-4) macrophages switched their phenotype into M(IFN-γ→IL-4) or M(IL-4→IFN-γ) through reprogramming with IL-4 or IFN-γ, respectively. Importantly, hepatocytes pre-treated with M(IFN-γ→IL-4) CMs exhibited much weaker expression of cleaved caspase-3, compared to those pre-treated with M(IFN-γ) CM, and vice versa. Together, phenotypic switch of macrophages toward M(IL-4) phenotype confers hepatocytes enhanced resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- 1 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- 1 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- 1 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ren
- 2 Beijing Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- 1 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- 1 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanping Han
- 3 The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- 1 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Bai L, Chen Y, Duan ZP, Zheng SJ. A new perspective on acute-on-chronic liver failure: Liver fibrosis and injury resistance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:139-145. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an increasingly recognized entity encompassing an acute deterioration of liver function in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases, which is usually associated with a precipitating event. Compared to acute liver failure, ACLF patients exhibit relatively slow disease progression and prolonged survival. Recent studies show that patients without previous decompensation have higher short-term mortality than those with prior hepatic decompensation. These interesting and important facts motivate clinicians and researchers to dissect the underlying mechanisms of ACLF from a new perspective, namely, the correlation between chronic liver diseases and injury resistance. In this review, we will make a comment on the phenomena as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms behind injury resistance in the setting of hepatic fibrosis (simulating the development of ACLF), in hopes of providing novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research), Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research), Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Duan
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research), Beijing 100069, China
| | - Su-Jun Zheng
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research), Beijing 100069, China
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11
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Tu C, Niu M, Li C, Liu Z, He Q, Li R, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Wang J. Network pharmacology oriented study reveals inflammatory state-dependent dietary supplement hepatotoxicity responses in normal and diseased rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:3477-3490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a well-used herbal and dietary supplement, has been widely used as a laxative in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tu
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 610000
- China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Chunyu Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Qin He
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Integrative Medical Center for Liver Diseases
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
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12
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Amini-Nik S, Sadri AR, Diao L, Belo C, Jeschke MG. Accumulation of myeloid lineage cells is mapping out liver fibrosis post injury: a targetable lesion using Ketanserin. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 30026607 PMCID: PMC6053408 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is problematic after persistent injury. However, little is known about its response to an acute insult. Accumulation of myeloid lineage cells contributes into the promotion and resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. Using Cre-transgenic mice that specifically mark myeloid lineage cells with EYFP and burn as a model of acute systemic injury, we investigated the role of myeloid lineage cells in the liver after acute injury. Our data show that thermal injury in mice (30% total body surface area) induces fibrosis predominantly around portal venules whereas myeloid cells are enriched throughout the liver. The fibrosis peaks around 1-2 weeks post injury and resolves by week 3. Ablating myeloid cells led to lower fibrosis. Through FACS sorting, we isolated myeloid lineage cells (EYFP +ve cells) from injured animals and from the control uninjured animals and subjected the extracted RNA from these cells to microarray analysis. Microarray analysis revealed an inflammatory signature for EYFP +ve cells isolated from injured animals in comparison with control cells. Moreover, it showed modulation of components of the serotonin (5-HT) pathway in myeloid cells. Antagonizing the 5HT2A/2C receptor decreased fibrosis in thermally injured mice by skewing macrophages away from their pro-fibrotic phenotype. Macrophages conditioned with Ketanserin showed a lower pro-fibrotic phenotype in a co-culture system with mesenchymal cells. There is a spatiotemporal pattern in liver fibrosis post-thermal injury, which is associated with the influx of myeloid cells. Treating mice with a 5HT2A/2C receptor antagonist promotes an anti-fibrotic effect, through modulating the phenotype of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ali-Reza Sadri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Li Diao
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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13
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Bai L, Fu L, Li L, Ren F, Zheng Q, Liu S, Han Y, Zheng S, Chen Y, Duan Z. Cellular Mechanisms of Hepatoprotection Mediated by M2-Like Macrophages. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2675-2682. [PMID: 29708961 PMCID: PMC5950730 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute liver injury in the setting of hepatic fibrosis is an intriguing and still unsettled issue. We previously have demonstrated the protective effects conferred by M2-like macrophages in the fibrotic liver. In the present work, we further decipher the cellular mechanisms governing this hepatoprotection. Material/Methods Macrophages were isolated from control mice (M0 macrophages), then polarized into M1 or M2 phenotype using IFN-γ or IL-4, respectively. Conditioned media (CM) from M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were harvested and applied to M1 macrophages. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by immunostaining and real-time PCR. Similarly, human monocyte-derived macrophages were isolated and polarized, then M0, M1, and M2 CM were applied to HL-7702 or HepG2 cells followed by apoptosis induction. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Results For the mouse conditioned medium experiment, stronger expression of cleaved caspase 3 and higher Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were found in M1 macrophages pretreated with M2 CM compared to those in M1 macrophages pretreated with M0 or M1 CM. Similarly, exposure of HL-7702 and HepG2 cells to either M0 or M1 CM had no significant effect on cell apoptosis. Nevertheless, the frequency of hepatocyte apoptosis was substantially reduced in HL-7702 (from 32.23±2.99 to 15.37±0.69 for Annexin V+/PI+ staining, p<0.01) and HepG2 cells (from 36.1±7.26 to 15.2±1.2 for Annexin V+/PI+ staining, p<0.01) with M2 CM pretreatment. Conclusions M2-like macrophages exert their hepatoprotective effect by promoting M1-like macrophage apoptosis but protecting against hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Liming Fu
- Department of Emergency, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qingfen Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shuang Liu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, The Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, and The National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Chen
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Omabe M, Omabe KN, Igwe D, John OC, Uchenna SK, Elom S. Xenobiotics-Induced Liver Damage Is Biochemically Abrogated by Treatment with Lipophilic Extracts of <i>Moringa oleifera in Vivo</i>. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Bai L, Liu X, Zheng Q, Kong M, Zhang X, Hu R, Lou J, Ren F, Chen Y, Zheng S, Liu S, Han YP, Duan Z, Pandol SJ. M2-like macrophages in the fibrotic liver protect mice against lethal insults through conferring apoptosis resistance to hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10518. [PMID: 28874845 PMCID: PMC5585332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute injury in the setting of liver fibrosis is an interesting and still unsettled issue. Most recently, several prominent studies have indicated the favourable effects of liver fibrosis against acute insults. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms governing this hepatoprotection remain obscure. In the present study, we hypothesized that macrophages and their M1/M2 activation critically involve in the hepatoprotection conferred by liver fibrosis. Our findings demonstrated that liver fibrosis manifested a beneficial role for host survival and apoptosis resistance. Hepatoprotection in the fibrotic liver was tightly related to innate immune tolerance. Macrophages undertook crucial but divergent roles in homeostasis and fibrosis: depleting macrophages in control mice protected from acute insult; conversely, depleting macrophages in fibrotic liver weakened the hepatoprotection and gave rise to exacerbated liver injury upon insult. The contradictory effects of macrophages can be ascribed, to a great extent, to the heterogeneity in macrophage activation. Macrophages in fibrotic mice exhibited M2-preponderant activation, which was not the case in acutely injured liver. Adoptive transfer of M2-like macrophages conferred control mice conspicuous protection against insult. In vitro, M2-polarized macrophages protected hepatocytes against apoptosis. Together, M2-like macrophages in fibrotic liver exert the protective effects against lethal insults through conferring apoptosis resistance to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qingfen Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Richard Hu
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91342, USA
| | - Jinli Lou
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, the Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, and the National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610014, China.
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA90048, USA
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16
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Zheng QF, Bai L, Duan ZP, Han YP, Zheng SJ, Chen Y, Li JS. M2-like Kupffer cells in fibrotic liver may protect against acute insult. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3655-3663. [PMID: 28611518 PMCID: PMC5449422 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanism of hepatoprotection conferred by liver fibrosis through evaluating the activation phenotype of kupffer cells.
METHODS Control and fibrotic mice were challenged with a lethal dose of D-GalN/lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hepatic damage was assessed by histology, serum alanine transferase (ALT) levels, and hepatic expression of HMGB1, a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. The localization of F4/80 (a surrogate marker of KCs), HMGB1, and type I collagen (Col-1) was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The phenotype of KCs was characterized by real-time PCR. KCs isolated from control or fibrotic mice were challenged with LPS or HMGB1 peptide, and HMGB1 translocation was analyzed.
RESULTS Liver fibrosis protected mice against D-GalN/LPS challenge, as shown by improved hepatic histology and reduced elevation of ALT compared with the normal mice treated in the same way. This hepatoprotection was also accompanied by inhibition of HMGB1 expression in the liver. Co-localization of F4/80, HMGB1, and Col-1 was found in fibrotic livers, indicating the close relationship between KCs, HMGB1 and liver fibrosis. KCs isolated from fibrotic mice predominantly exhibited an M2-like phenotype. In vitro experiments showed that HMGB1 was localized in the nucleus of the majority of M2-like KCs and that the translocation of HMGB1 was inhibited following stimulation with LPS or HMGB1 peptide, while both LPS and HMGB1 peptide elicited translocation of intranuclear HMGB1 in KCs isolated from the control mice.
CONCLUSION M2-like Kupffer cells in fibrotic liver may exert a protective effect against acute insult by inhibiting the translocation of HMGB1.
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Sun YY, Li XF, Meng XM, Huang C, Zhang L, Li J. Macrophage Phenotype in Liver Injury and Repair. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:166-174. [PMID: 27491503 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages hold a critical position in the pathogenesis of liver injury and repair, in which their infiltrations is regarded as a main feature for both acute and chronic liver diseases. It is noted that, based on the distinct phenotypes and origins, hepatic macrophages are capable of clearing pathogens, promoting/or inhibiting liver inflammation, while regulating liver fibrosis and fibrolysis through interplaying with hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) via releasing different types of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Macrophages are typically categorized into M1 or M2 phenotypes by adapting to local microenvironment during the progression of liver injury. In most occasions, M1 macrophages play a pro-inflammatory role in liver injury, while M2 macrophages exert an anti-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic role during liver repair and fibrosis. In this review, we focused on the up-to-date information about the phenotypic and functional plasticity of the macrophages and discussed the detailed mechanisms through which the phenotypes and functions of macrophages are regulated in different stages of liver injury and repair. Moreover, their roles in determining the fate of liver diseases were also summarized. Finally, the macrophage-targeted therapies against liver diseases were also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - X-F Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - X-M Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - C Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - J Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
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18
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Highly tumorigenic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with cancer stem cell-like properties. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171215. [PMID: 28152020 PMCID: PMC5289561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited numbers of models to study hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo in immunocompetent hosts. In an effort to develop a cell line with improved tumorigenicity, we derived a new cell line from Hepa1-6 cells through an in vivo passage in C57BL/6 mice. The resulting Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line showed enhanced tumorigenicity compared to Hepa1-6 with more frequent (28±12 vs. 0±0 lesions at 21 days) and more rapid tumor development (21 (100%) vs. 70 days (10%)) in C57BL/6 mice. The minimal Dt81Hepa1-6 cell number required to obtain visible tumors was 100,000 cells. The Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line showed high hepatotropism with subcutaneous injection leading to liver tumors without development of tumors in lungs or spleen. In vitro, Dt81Hepa1-6 cells showed increased anchorage-independent growth (34.7±6.8 vs. 12.3±3.3 colonies; P<0.05) and increased EpCAM (8.7±1.1 folds; P<0.01) and β-catenin (5.4±1.0 folds; P<0.01) expression. A significant proportion of Dt81Hepa1-6 cells expressed EpCAM compared to Hepa1-6 (34.8±1.1% vs 0.9±0.13%; P<0.001). Enriched EpCAM+ Dt81Hepa1-6 cells led to higher tumor load than EpCAM- Dt81Hepa1-6 cells (1093±74 vs 473±100 tumors; P<0.01). The in vivo selected Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line shows high liver specificity and increased tumorigenicity compared to Hepa1-6 cells. These properties are associated with increased expression of EpCAM and β-catenin confirming that EpCAM+ HCC cells comprise a subset with characteristics of tumor-initiating cells with stem/progenitor cell features. The Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line with its cancer stem cell-like properties will be a useful tool for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo.
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19
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Lacoste B, Raymond VA, Lapierre P, Bilodeau M. Protection against Acute Hepatocellular Injury Afforded by Liver Fibrosis Is Independent of T Lymphocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165360. [PMID: 27792745 PMCID: PMC5085019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen produced during the process of liver fibrosis can induce a hepatocellular protective response through ERK1 signalling. However, the influence of T cells and associated cytokine production on this protection is unknown. In addition, athymic mice are frequently used in hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft experiments but current methods limit our ability to study the impact of liver fibrosis in this setting due to high mortality. Therefore, a mouse model of liver fibrosis lacking T cells was developed using Foxn1 nu/nu mice and progressive oral administration of thioacetamide (TAA) [0.01–0.02%] in drinking water. Fibrosis developed over a period of 16 weeks (alpha-SMA positive area: 20.0 ± 2.2%, preCol1a1 mRNA expression: 11.7 ± 4.1 fold changes, hydroxyproline content: 1041.2 ± 77μg/g of liver) at levels comparable to that of BALB/c mice that received intraperitoneal TAA injections [200 μg/g of body weight (bw)] (alpha-SMA positive area: 20.9 ± 2.9%, preCol1a1 mRNA expression: 13.1 ± 2.3 fold changes, hydroxyproline content: 931.6 ± 14.8μg/g of liver). No mortality was observed. Athymic mice showed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 during fibrogenesis (control 0.03 ± 0.01 vs 16 weeks 0.22 ± 0.06AU; P<0.05). The fibrosis-induced hepatoprotection against cytotoxic agents, as assessed histologically and by serum AST levels, was not affected by the absence of circulating T cells (anti-Fas JO2 [0.5μg/g bw] for 6h (fibrotic 4665 ± 2596 vs non-fibrotic 13953 ± 2260 U/L; P<0.05), APAP [750 mg/kg bw] for 6 hours (fibrotic 292 ± 66 U/L vs non-fibrotic 4086 ± 2205; P<0.01) and CCl4 [0.5mL/Kg bw] for 24h (fibrotic 888 ± 268 vs non-fibrotic 15673 ± 2782 U/L; P<0.001)). In conclusion, liver fibrosis can be induced in athymic Foxn1 nu/nu mice without early mortality. Liver fibrosis leads to ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Finally, circulating T lymphocytes and associated cytokines are not involved in the hepatocellular protection afforded by liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lacoste
- Laboratoire d’hépatologie cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie-Ann Raymond
- Laboratoire d’hépatologie cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Laboratoire d’hépatologie cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Laboratoire d’hépatologie cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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Zheng QF, Li JS, Bai L, Zheng SJ. Protective effect of liver fibrosis against acute liver injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3537-3542. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i24.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in liver tissue. Liver fibrosis as the characteristic change of chronic liver injury has the potential to develop into liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatic carcinoma, and is considered a devastating pathologic process. However, recent studies demonstrate that liver fibrosis is not only reversible, but also can protect the liver from acute injury. Currently, the mechanisms of hepatoprotective effect of liver fibrosis have become a hot research area, which include promoted regeneration of the remaining normal liver cells and apoptotic resistance. In the present article, we will review the hepatoprotective effect of liver fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure and provide new therapeutic targets for this disease.
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21
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Robinson MW, Harmon C, O'Farrelly C. Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:267-76. [PMID: 27063467 PMCID: PMC4856809 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human liver is usually perceived as a non-immunological organ engaged primarily in metabolic, nutrient storage and detoxification activities. However, we now know that the healthy liver is also a site of complex immunological activity mediated by a diverse immune cell repertoire as well as non-hematopoietic cell populations. In the non-diseased liver, metabolic and tissue remodeling functions require elements of inflammation. This inflammation, in combination with regular exposure to dietary and microbial products, creates the potential for excessive immune activation. In this complex microenvironment, the hepatic immune system tolerates harmless molecules while at the same time remaining alert to possible infectious agents, malignant cells or tissue damage. Upon appropriate immune activation to challenge by pathogens or tissue damage, mechanisms to resolve inflammation are essential to maintain liver homeostasis. Failure to clear 'dangerous' stimuli or regulate appropriately activated immune mechanisms leads to pathological inflammation and disrupted tissue homeostasis characterized by the progressive development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventual liver failure. Hepatic inflammatory mechanisms therefore have a spectrum of roles in the healthy adult liver; they are essential to maintain tissue and organ homeostasis and, when dysregulated, are key drivers of the liver pathology associated with chronic infection, autoimmunity and malignancy. In this review, we explore the changing perception of inflammation and inflammatory mediators in normal liver homeostasis and propose targeting of liver-specific immune regulation pathways as a therapeutic approach to treat liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Robinson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Cathal Harmon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
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Bai L, Kong M, Zheng Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Zu K, Chen Y, Zheng S, Li J, Ren F, Lou J, Liu S, Duan Z. Inhibition of the translocation and extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1 alleviates liver damage in fibrotic mice in response to D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide challenge. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3835-41. [PMID: 27035642 PMCID: PMC4838152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury in the setting of fibrosis is an area of interest in investigations, and remains to be fully elucidated. Previous studies have suggested the beneficial effects of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide and partial bile duct ligation against Fas-mediated acute liver injury. The activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling is considered to be crucial in this hepatoprotection. To demonstrate the protection of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis against lethal challenge, the present study compared the reactivity to lethal doses of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) between fibrotic mice and control mice groups. The extent of hepatic damage was assessed by survival rate and histopathological analysis. The molecular basis of the fibrosis-based hepatoprotection was examined, with a particular focus on the translocation and release of high-mobility group box (HMGB)1 and the inflammatory response triggered by HMGB1. Hepatoprotection induced by fibrosis was demonstrated by improved survival rates (100%, vs. 20%) and improved preservation of liver architecture in fibrotic mice subjected to D-GalN/LPS, compared with control mice treated in the same way. D-GalN/LPS evoked the translocation and release of HMGB1, detected by immunohistochemistry, in the control mice, which was significantly inhibited in the fibrotic mice. The gene expression levels of HMGB1-associated proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-12p40, were markedly inhibited in the fibrotic mice when exposed to D-GalN/LPS. These findings confirmed that CCl4-based fibrosis induced hepatoprotection, and provided evidence that fibrosis inhibited the translocation and release of HMGB1, and the proinflammatory response triggered by HMGB1. This alleviated liver damage following exposure to D-GalN/LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ming Kong
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Qingfen Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Kejia Zu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ren
- Research Department, Beijing Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Lou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Kumagai K, Tabu K, Sasaki F, Takami Y, Morinaga Y, Mawatari S, Hashimoto S, Tanoue S, Kanmura S, Tamai T, Moriuchi A, Uto H, Tsubouchi H, Ido A. Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B (Gpnmb)-Positive Macrophages Contribute to the Balance between Fibrosis and Fibrolysis during the Repair of Acute Liver Injury in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143413. [PMID: 26599547 PMCID: PMC4657955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (Gpnmb), a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed in macrophages, negatively regulates inflammation. We have reported that Gpnmb is strongly expressed in the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet. However, the role of macrophage-expressed Gpnmb in liver injury is still unknown. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of infiltrating macrophages that express Gpnmb, and the involvement of Gpnmb in the repair process in response to liver injury. Methods C57BL/6J, DBA/2J [DBA] and DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ [DBA-g+] mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 1.0 mL/kg body weight. Mice were sacrificed at predetermined time points, followed by measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological examination. Expression of Gpnmb, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic/antifibrotic factors were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescent immunostaining and flow cytometry were used to determine the expression of Gpnmb, CD68, CD11b and α-SMA, phagocytic activity, and the presence of apoptotic bodies. We used quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA to examine TGF-β and MMP-13 expression and the concentrations and supernatants of isolated infiltrating hepatic macrophages transfected with siGpnmb. Results In C57BL/6J mice, serum ALT levels increased at two days after CCl4 injection and decreased at four days. Gpnmb expression in the liver was stimulated four days after CCl4 injection. Histological examination and flow cytometry showed that Gpnmb-positive cells were almost positive for CD68-positive macrophages, contained engulfed apoptotic bodies and exhibited enhanced phagocytic activity. Isolated infiltrating hepatic macrophages transfected with siGpnmb showed high MMP-13 secretion. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of CCl4-induced liver injury between DBA-g+ and DBA mice. However, hepatic MMP-13 expression, as well as α-SMA expression and collagen production, increased significantly in DBA-g+ compared with DBA mice. Conclusions Gpnmb-positive macrophages infiltrate the liver during the recovery phase of CCl4–induced acute liver injury and contribute to the balance between fibrosis and fibrolysis in the repair process following acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuaki Tabu
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumisato Sasaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takami
- Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Morinaga
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Moriuchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Digestive and Liver diseases, Miyazaki Medical Center Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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24
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Shou Q, Chen F, Cai Y, Zhang S, Tu J, Zhang L, Wang D, Wang J, Chen M, Fu H. Inhibition of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice by a High Dietary Protein Intake. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1151-8. [PMID: 26359675 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1073761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the key role of diet in the development of many types of cancer. Recent studies have suggested that dietary modifications may be beneficial for individuals at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the effect of a high-protein (HP; 20% casein) dietondiethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Mice were given free access to water with 30 μg/ml DEN and fed a normal or HP diet for 22 wk. The results showed mice consuming HP diets had reduced mortality rates and body weights and lower hepatic enzyme activity compared to DEN-treated mice on a normal diet. HP consumption also promoted collagen accumulation in the liver, and reduced numbers of proliferating hepatocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells, as well as decreased expression of inflammatory factor interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor κB activation. These data indicate that HP diets can inhibit DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis via suppression of the inflammatory response and provide a new evidence for the dietary management of clinical patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Shou
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fangming Chen
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yueqin Cai
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shanxin Zhang
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jue Tu
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lizong Zhang
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Dejun Wang
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- c Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Minli Chen
- a Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Huiying Fu
- c Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
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25
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Bomo J, Ezan F, Tiaho F, Bellamri M, Langouët S, Theret N, Baffet G. Increasing 3D Matrix Rigidity Strengthens Proliferation and Spheroid Development of Human Liver Cells in a Constant Growth Factor Environment. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:708-20. [PMID: 26331987 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces influence the growth and shape of virtually all tissues and organs. Recent studies show that increased cell contractibility, growth and differentiation might be normalized by modulating cell tensions. Particularly, the role of these tensions applied by the extracellular matrix during liver fibrosis could influence the hepatocarcinogenesis process. The objective of this study is to determine if 3D stiffness could influence growth and phenotype of normal and transformed hepatocytes and to integrate extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness to tensional homeostasis. We have developed an appropriate 3D culture model: hepatic cells within three-dimensional collagen matrices with varying rigidity. Our results demonstrate that the rigidity influenced the cell phenotype and induced spheroid clusters development whereas in soft matrices, Huh7 transformed cells were less proliferative, well-spread and flattened. We confirmed that ERK1 played a predominant role over ERK2 in cisplatin-induced death, whereas ERK2 mainly controlled proliferation. As compared to 2D culture, 3D cultures are associated with epithelial markers expression. Interestingly, proliferation of normal hepatocytes was also induced in rigid gels. Furthermore, biotransformation activities are increased in 3D gels, where CYP1A2 enzyme can be highly induced/activated in primary culture of human hepatocytes embedded in the matrix. In conclusion, we demonstrated that increasing 3D rigidity could promote proliferation and spheroid developments of liver cells demonstrating that 3D collagen gels are an attractive tool for studying rigidity-dependent homeostasis of the liver cells embedded in the matrix and should be privileged for both chronic toxicological and pharmacological drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Bomo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - François Tiaho
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Theret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Georges Baffet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
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26
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Sombetzki M, Loebermann M, Reisinger EC. Vector-mediated microRNA-21 silencing ameliorates granulomatous liver fibrosis in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Hepatology 2015; 61:1787-9. [PMID: 25684616 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sombetzki
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Micha Loebermann
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emil C Reisinger
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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27
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Liu T, Fang Y, Liu S, Yu X, Zhang H, Liang M, Ding X. Limb ischemic preconditioning protects against contrast-induced acute kidney injury in rats via phosphorylation of GSK-3β. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:170-82. [PMID: 25451640 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) resulting from the use of intravascular iodinated contrast media for diagnostic and interventional cardiovascular procedures is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite preventative measures intended to mitigate the risk of CI-AKI, there remains a need for a novel and effective therapeutic approach. Limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC), where short-term ischemia/reperfusion is applied to an arm prior to administration of the contrast agent, has been shown in several trials to preserve renal function in patients at high risk for CI-AKI. However, the underlying mechanism by which this procedure provides renoprotection against contrast media insults is not known. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism(s) of LIPC-induced protection of the kidneys from CI-AKI, particularly the role of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). We used a novel CI-AKI model consisting of 5/6 nephrectomized (NE) rats at 6 weeks after the ablative surgery. LIPC- or sham-treated rats were administered iohexol (10 ml/kg, 3.5 gI) via the tail vein. The results showed that LIPC protected the kidneys against iohexol-induced injury. This protective effect was accompanied by the attenuation of renal dysfunction, tubular damage, apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Furthermore, LIPC-induced renoprotection was blocked via treatment with inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin or LY294002), but not ERK (U0126 or PD98059). LIPC also increased the protein expression levels of phospho-Akt, phospho-GSK-3β, and nuclear Nrf2, and decreased the levels of nuclear NF-κB. A specific GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763) mimicked this effect of LIPC, by inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reducing the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation via activation of Nrf2 and suppression of NF-κB. The above results demonstrate that LIPC induces protection against CI-AKI, making this procedure a promising strategy for preventing CI-AKI. In particular, this renoprotective effect involves the phosphorylation of GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqiang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Division of Nephrology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical College, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai 200032, China.
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28
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Zhang M, Wang F, Chong Y, Tai Q, Zhao Q, Zheng Y, Peng L, Lin S, Gao Z. Liver myofibroblasts from hepatitis B related liver failure patients may regulate natural killer cell function via PGE2. J Transl Med 2014; 12:308. [PMID: 25367326 PMCID: PMC4232720 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are abundant in the liver and constitute a major innate immune component that contributes to immune-mediated liver injury. However, few studies have investigated the phenotypes and functions of NK cells involved in hepatitis B related liver failure (LF), and the precise mechanism underlying NK cell regulation is not fully understood. METHODS We detected the percentage and function of peripheral NK cells both in hepatitis B related LF patients and healthy volunteers by flow cytometry and isolated the liver myofibroblasts (LMFs) from hepatitis B related LF livers. To determine the possible effects of LMFs on NK cells, mixed cell cultures were established in vitro. RESULTS We found a down-regulated percentage of peripheral NK cells in hepatitis B related LF patients, and their NK cells also displayed decreased activated natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) and cytokine production. In a co-culture model, LMFs sharply attenuated IL-2-induced NK cell triggering receptors, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. The inhibitory effect of LMFs on NK cells correlated with their ability to produce prostaglandin (PG) E2. CONCLUSION These data suggest that LMFs may protect against immune-mediated liver injury in hepatitis B related LF patients by inhibiting NK cell function via PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Fenglan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi Province, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qiang Tai
- Department of Hepatic Surgury, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yubao Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shumei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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29
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Ma X, Wang J, He X, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Zhong L, Zheng Q, Xiao X. Large dosage of chishao in formulae for cholestatic hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:328152. [PMID: 24987427 PMCID: PMC4060395 DOI: 10.1155/2014/328152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of large dosage of Chishao in formulae for treatment of cholestatic hepatitis. Methods. The major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database Wanfang, VIP medicine information system, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched until January 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of large dosage of Chishao in formulae that reported on publications in treatment of cholestatic hepatitis with total efficacy rate, together with the biochemical indices including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL), were extracted by two reviewers. The Cochrane tool was used for the assessment of risk of bias included trials. Data were analyzed with RevMan 5.2.7 software. Results. 11 RCTs involving 1275 subjects with cholestatic hepatitis were included. Compared with essential therapy, large dosage of Chishao in formulae demonstrated more efficiently with down regulation of serum ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL. Meanwhile, there were no obvious adverse events. Conclusion. As a promising novel treatment approach, widely using large dosage of Chishao in formulae may enhance the curative efficacy for cholestatic hepatitis. Considering being accepted by more and more practitioners, further rigorously designed clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Quanfu Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
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30
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Bai L, Kong M, Zhang XH, Ding M, Zheng SJ, Chen Y, Duan ZP. Liver fibrosis protects mice against lethal injury induced by D-GalN/LPS. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1998-2002. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i14.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the tolerance of mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis to a lethal dose of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS).
METHODS: A mouse model of hepatic fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (in mineral oil), twice a week for 6 wk. At the end of fibrosis induction, mice were challenged intraperitoneally with D-GalN (700 mg/kg)/LPS (50 μg/kg). Normal mice treated in the same way were used as controls. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after acute insult. Sera and liver tissues were harvested for analyses. To evaluate the tolerance of normal and fibrotic mice to a lethal dose of D-GalN/LPS, survival rate, serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) levels and histological changes of the liver were compared between before and after acute challenge.
RESULTS: The survival rate of fibrotic mice subjected to a lethal dose of D-GalN/LPS was significantly higher than that of normal mice treated in the same way (100% vs 20%). After challenged by D-GalN/LPS, sALT in normal mice increased by 455.9 folds (49.2 U/L ± 12.9 U/L vs 22429 U/L ± 5446 U/L, P < 0.01), which was significantly higher than that in fibrotic mice (14.3 folds) [(463.7 U/L ± 109.0 U/L vs 6630 U/L ± 1675 U/L, P < 0.01). The tolerance of fibrotic mice to D-GalN/LPS was confirmed by well-preserved liver architecture as compared with controls.
CONCLUSION: CCl4-induced liver fibrosis protects mice against a lethal dose of D-GalN/LPS.
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31
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Ji L, Xue R, Tang W, Wu W, Hu T, Liu X, Peng X, Gu J, Chen S, Zhang S. Toll like receptor 2 knock-out attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis by downregulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2095-100. [PMID: 24815695 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune signaling associated with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a key pathway involved in the progression of liver fibrosis. In this study, we reported that TLR2 is required for hepatic fibrogenesis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). After CCl4 treatment, TLR2(-/-) mice had reduced liver enzyme levels, diminished collagen deposition, decreased inflammatory infiltration and impaired activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) than wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, after CCl4 treatment, TLR2(-/-) mice demonstrated downregulated expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory genes and impaired mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation than WT mice. Collectively, our data indicate that TLR2 deficiency protects against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ji
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Gene Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Gene Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Gene Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Gene Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Gene Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - She Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Gene Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Gene Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Liver fibrosis and repair: immune regulation of wound healing in a solid organ. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:181-94. [PMID: 24566915 DOI: 10.1038/nri3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 908] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a highly conserved and co-ordinated protective response to tissue injury. The interaction of multiple pathways, molecules and systems determines whether fibrosis is self-limiting and homeostatic, or whether it is uncontrolled and excessive. Immune cells have been identified as key players in this fibrotic cascade, with the capacity to exert either injury-inducing or repair-promoting effects. A multi-organ approach was recently suggested to identify the core and regulatory pathways in fibrosis, with the aim of integrating the wealth of information emerging from basic fibrosis research. In this Review, we focus on recent advances in liver fibrosis research as a paradigm for wound healing in solid organs and the role of the immune system in regulating and balancing this response.
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Fernandez-Fuente G, Mollinedo P, Grande L, Vazquez-Barquero A, Fernandez-Luna JL. Culture dimensionality influences the resistance of glioblastoma stem-like cells to multikinase inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1664-72. [PMID: 24723451 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib, an inhibitor of kinases, including VEGFR and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), efficiently induces apoptosis in vitro in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, but does not show any survival benefit in vivo. One detrimental aspect of current in vitro models is that they do not take into account the contribution of extrinsic factors to the cellular response to drug treatment. Here, we studied the effects of substrate properties including elasticity, dimensionality, and matrix composition on the response of GBM stem-like cells (GSC) to chemotherapeutic agents. Thirty-seven cell cultures, including GSCs, parenchymal GBM cells, and GBM cell lines, were treated with nine antitumor compounds. Contrary to the expected chemoresistance of GSCs, these cells were more sensitive to most agents than GBM parenchymal cells or GBM cell lines cultured on flat (two-dimensional; 2D) plastic or collagen-coated surfaces. However, GSCs cultured in collagen-based three-dimensional (3D) environments increased their resistance, particularly to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as sunitinib, BIBF1120, and imatinib. Differences in substrate rigidity or matrix components did not modify the response of GSCs to the inhibitors. Moreover, the MEK-ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways, but not PDGFR, mediate at least in part, this dimensionality-dependent chemoresistance. These findings suggest that survival of GSCs on 2D substrates, but not in a 3D environment, relies on kinases that can be efficiently targeted by sunitinib-like inhibitors. Overall, our data may help explain the lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo models used to study the therapeutic potential of kinase inhibitors, and provide a rationale for developing more robust drug screening models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Fernandez-Fuente
- Authors' Affiliations: Molecular Genetics Unit and Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Mollinedo
- Authors' Affiliations: Molecular Genetics Unit and Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Lara Grande
- Authors' Affiliations: Molecular Genetics Unit and Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Alfonso Vazquez-Barquero
- Authors' Affiliations: Molecular Genetics Unit and Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Jose L Fernandez-Luna
- Authors' Affiliations: Molecular Genetics Unit and Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
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Acharya C, Cline RA, Jaligama D, Noel P, Delany JP, Bae K, Furlan A, Baty CJ, Karlsson JM, Rosario BL, Patel K, Mishra V, Durgampudi C, Yadav D, Navina S, Singh VP. Fibrosis reduces severity of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in humans. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:466-75. [PMID: 23684709 PMCID: PMC3964816 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) share etiologies, but AP can be more severe and is associated with a higher rate of mortality. We investigated features of CP that protect against severe disease. The amount of intrapancreatic fat (IPF) is increased in obese patients and fibrosis is increased in patients with CP, so we studied whether fibrosis or fat regulate severity of AP attacks in patients with CP. METHODS We reviewed records from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/Presbyterian Hospital Autopsy Database (1998-2008) for patients with a diagnosis of AP (n = 23), CP (n = 35), or both (AP-on-CP; n = 15). Pancreatic histology samples from these patients and 50 randomly selected controls (no pancreatic disease) were analyzed, and IPF data were correlated with computed tomography data. An adipocyte and acinar cell Transwell coculture system, with or without collagen type I, was used to study the effects of fibrosis on acinar-adipocyte interactions. We studied the effects of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and adipokines on acinar cells in culture. RESULTS Levels of IPF were significantly higher in nonobese patients with CP than in nonobese controls. In patients with CP or AP-on-CP, areas of IPF were surrounded by significantly more fibrosis than in controls or patients with AP. Fat necrosis-associated peri-fat acinar necrosis (PFAN, indicated by NEFA spillage) contributed to most of the necrosis observed in samples from patients with AP; however, findings of peri-fat acinar necrosis and total necrosis were significantly lower in samples from patients with CP or AP-on-CP. Fibrosis appeared to wall off the fat necrosis and limit peri-fat acinar necrosis, reducing acinar necrosis. In vitro, collagen I limited the lipolytic flux between acinar cells and adipocytes and prevented increases in adipokines in the acinar compartment. This was associated with reduced acinar cell necrosis. However, NEFAs, but not adipokines, caused acinar cell necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on analysis of pancreatic samples from patients with CP, AP, or AP-on-CP and in vitro studies, fibrosis reduces the severity of acute exacerbations of CP by reducing lipolytic flux between adipocytes and acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathur Acharya
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Passavant
| | - Rachel A. Cline
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Deepthi Jaligama
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Passavant
| | - Pawan Noel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - James P. Delany
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Kyongtae Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Catherine J. Baty
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of
Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Jenny M. Karlsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of
Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Bedda L Rosario
- Department of Epidemology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Krutika Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Chandra Durgampudi
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Passavant
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Sarah Navina
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
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Perepelyuk M, Terajima M, Wang AY, Georges PC, Janmey PA, Yamauchi M, Wells RG. Hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts are the major cellular sources of collagens and lysyl oxidases in normal liver and early after injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G605-14. [PMID: 23328207 PMCID: PMC3602686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00222.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by myofibroblasts derived from hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts. Activation of these precursors to myofibroblasts requires matrix stiffness, which results in part from increased collagen cross-linking mediated by lysyl oxidase (LOX) family proteins. The aims of this study were to characterize the mechanical changes of early fibrosis, to identify the cells responsible for LOX production in early injury, and to determine which cells in normal liver produce collagens and elastins, which serve as substrates for LOXs early after injury. Hepatocytes and liver nonparenchymal cells were isolated from normal and early-injured liver and examined immediately for expression of LOXs and matrix proteins. We found that stellate cells and portal fibroblasts were the major cellular sources of fibrillar collagens and LOXs in normal liver and early after injury (1 day after bile duct ligation and 2 and 7 days after CCl(4) injury). Activity assays using stellate cells and portal fibroblasts in culture demonstrated significant increases in LOX family enzymatic activity as cells became myofibroblastic. LOX family-mediated deoxypyridinoline and pyridinoline cross-links increased after CCl(4)-mediated injury. There was a significant association between liver stiffness (as quantified by the shear storage modulus G') and deoxypyridinoline levels; increased deoxypyridinoline levels were also coincident with significantly increased elastic resistance to large strain deformations, consistent with increased cross-linking of the extracellular matrix. These data suggest a model in which the liver is primed to respond quickly to injury, activating potential mechanical feed-forward mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Perepelyuk
- 1Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | | | - Andrew Y. Wang
- 5University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Penelope C. Georges
- 4Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- 2Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,4Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- 6North Carolina Oral Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca G. Wells
- 1Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
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Zhou YP, Zhang SL, Cheng D, Li HR, Tang ZM, Xue J, Cai W, Dong JH, Zhao L. Preliminary Exploration on Anti-Fibrosis Effect of Kaempferol in Mice with Schistosoma Japonicum Infection. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to explore the effectiveness and mechanism of kaempferol on treatment of hepatic fibrosis induced by schistosoma egg. Thirty-six healthy male balb/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, including negative group, positive group, and 4 different dosages of kaempferol treatment groups. Each mouse was infected with 20 schistosoma Cercariae japonicum, except the ones in the negative group. Four weeks later, every infected mouse was administrated with 500mg/kg/day praziquantel for 2 days, and all kaempferol groups were followed by a 4-week administration of kaempferol with 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/kg/day respectively, while both control groups were administrated with normal saline. AH the mice were sacrificed on the 59th day after infection. The liver tissues were taken for Masson staining to detect collagen and real-time quantitative PCR to detect the mRNA expression of IL-13, collagen 1 and MMP-2. As a result, Masson stain showed that the optical density of the interested region in the positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0.01), and the optical density in all kaempferol groups was significantly lower than that in the positive group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression of IL-13 in the positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0.01), and the expression of IL-13 in the 20mg/kg and 15mg/kg kaempferol groups was significantly lower than that in the positive group, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of collagen 1 in the positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0.01), and mRNA expression of collagen 1 in the 20mg/kg kaempferol group was significantly lower than that in the positive group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the positive and negative groups on mRNA expression of MMP-2. The mRNA expression of MMP-2 in all kaempferol groups was significantly higher than that in the positive group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, kaempferol can ameliorate schistosoma egg-induced hepatic fibrosis via regulating the IL-13 signal pathway. Kaempferol is very likely to be an IL-13 targeted anti-fibrosis medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P. Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - S-L. Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - D. Cheng
- Liver Disease Center, Department of Infectious Disease, Second Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - H-R. Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Z-M. Tang
- Department of Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - J. Xue
- Tumor Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - W. Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - J-H. Dong
- Central Lab, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - L. Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Guégan JP, Ezan F, Théret N, Langouët S, Baffet G. MAPK signaling in cisplatin-induced death: predominant role of ERK1 over ERK2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:38-47. [PMID: 23042098 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment by arterial infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-II (cisplatin) exhibits certain therapeutic efficacy. However, optimizations are required and the mechanisms underlying cisplatin proapoptotic effect remain unclear. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a key role in cell response to cisplatin and the functional specificity of the isoform MAPK/ERK kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) and ERK1/2 could influence this response. The individual contribution of each kinase on cisplatin-induced death was thus analyzed after a transient or stable specific inhibition by RNA interference in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh-7 or in knockout mice. We demonstrated here that ERK1 played a predominant role over ERK2 in cisplatin-induced death, whereas MEK1 and MEK2 acted in a redundant manner. Indeed, at clinically relevant concentrations of cisplatin, ERK1 silencing alone was sufficient to protect cells from cisplatin-induced death both in vitro, in Huh-7 cells and ERK1(-/-) hepatocytes, and in vivo, in ERK1-deficient mice. Moreover, we showed that ERK1 activity correlated with the induction level of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Noxa, a critical mediator of cisplatin toxicity. On the contrary, ERK2 inhibition upregulated ERK1 activity, favored Noxa induction and sensitized hepatocarcinoma cells to cisplatin. Our results point to a crucial role of ERK1 in cisplatin-induced proapoptotic signal and lead us to propose that ERK2-specific targeting could improve the efficacy of cisplatin therapy by increasing ERK1 prodeath functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Guégan
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Biosit, F-35043 Rennes, France
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Zhang DY, Friedman SL. Fibrosis-dependent mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2012; 56:769-75. [PMID: 22378017 PMCID: PMC4087159 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rising worldwide cause of cancer mortality, making the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms an urgent priority. The liver is unique in its response to injury, simultaneously undergoing regeneration and fibrosis. HCC occurs in the context of these two divergent responses, leading to distinctive pathways of carcinogenesis. In this review we highlight pathways of liver tumorigenesis that depend on, or are enhanced by, fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells drive fibrogenesis, changing the composition of the extracellular matrix. Matrix quantity and stiffness also increase, providing a reservoir for bound growth factors. In addition to promoting angiogenesis, these factors may enhance the survival of both preneoplastic hepatocytes and activated hepatic stellate cells. Fibrotic changes also modulate the activity of inflammatory cells in the liver, reducing the activity of natural killer and natural killer T cells that normally contribute to tumor surveillance. These pathways synergize with inflammatory signals, including telomerase reactivation and reactive oxygen species release, ultimately resulting in cancer. Clarifying fibrosis-dependent tumorigenic mechanisms will help rationalize antifibrotic therapies as a strategy to prevent and treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Zhang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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